676 Sentences With "tussock" | Random Sentence Generator

Worryingly, these were more flammable than the feathery tussock grasses that had previously colonized the land.

Beneath the rolling fields of tussock scattered just north of the Alaska Range, what was once permanently frozen is starting to thaw.

The artist is named after a furry breed of tussock moths; his forthcoming Immolated EP on FaltyDL's Blueberry Records follows suit with an underlying narrative inspired by the life cycle of a praying mantis.

Among the bound sheaves is an uprooted tussock, yanked from the earth by King Leopold III himself in 250 — three years before Belgium relinquished its claim to Congo — squashed flat and taped to a sheet of paper.

Chionochloa rubra, known commonly as red tussock grass, is a species of tussock grass in the grass family.

Orgyia detrita, the fir tussock moth or live oak tussock moth, is a tussock moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville in 1831. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Orgyia detrita is 8313.

Argyrophenga antipodum, the common tussock(Patrick & Patrick, 2012) or tussock ringlet,(EOL, n.d.) is a species of butterfly commonly found in the South Island of New Zealand.

Tussock grasslands occurred naturally, and expanded into large areas where the forests were burned or cleared. Red tussock grass (Chionochloa rubra) was the predominant species, with snow tussocks (primarily Chionochloa spp.) found on the higher peaks. Other habitats include dunes, coastal and riverine wetlands, and coastal tussock grasslands.

Poa ensiformis, commonly known as sword tussock-grass or purple-sheathed tussock-grass, is a species of tussock grass that is endemic to Australia. The species was formally described in 1970 by Australian botanist Joyce Winifred Vickery based on plant material collected to the north of Kiandra in New South Wales.

Dasychira dorsipennata, the sharp-lined tussock or hardwood tussock moth, is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It was first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1919 and it is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Dasychira dorsipennata is 8293.

Dasychira cinnamomea, the cinnamon tussock moth, is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Dasychira cinnamomea is 8300.

Dasychira dominickaria, or Dominick's tussock moth, is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Dasychira dominickaria is 8303.

Dasychira atrivenosa, the diminutive tussock moth, is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Dasychira atrivenosa is 8299.

Dasychira obliquata, the streaked tussock moth, is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Dasychira obliquata is 8302.

Pseudemoia pagenstecheri, also known commonly as the southern grass tussock skink or the southern tussock grass skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Australia.

Orgyia leuschneri, the box-elder tussock moth, is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Orgyia leuschneri is 8315.

Dasychira leucophaea, the pale-banded tussock moth, is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Dasychira leucophaea is 8301.

Found on the scree and tussock slopes of Mt Ruapehu.

Poa cookii, sometimes called Cook's tussock-grass or bluegrass, is a species of tussock grass native to various subantarctic islands. The specific epithet honours British explorer James Cook who visited the Kerguelen Islands in 1776.

Dicallomera is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae.

The clumping sun orchid grows in tussock grassland in southern Victoria.

It attracts the Douglas fir beetle, western budworm and tussock moth.

Tamsita is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae.

Albarracina is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae.

Casama is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae.

Dendrophleps is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae.

Ocneria is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae.

Parapellucens is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae.

Parvaroa is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae.

Poa sieberiana, commonly known as grey tussock-grass and snow grass, is a species of tussock grass that is endemic to Australia. The species was formally described in 1827 by German botanist Kurt Sprengel in Systema Vegetabilium.

The rail was confined to Macquarie Island, where it occupied tussock grassland.

The Leucomini are a tribe of tussock moths of the family Erebidae.

In the southern part of the marsh, the vegetation consists of species such as lesser pond sedge, greater tussock sedge, tussock grass, common reed, reed canary grass, reed mace, willow and alder."Naturperler:Naturperler - 1. Damsbro mose - ." Favrskov Kommune .

Chionochloa rigida, known commonly as narrow-leaved snow tussock and by its Māori name wī kura, is a species of tussock grass endemic to New Zealand. Two subspecies are recognised, including Chionochloa rigida rigida and Chionochloa rigida amara.

Poa labillardierei, also known as common tussock-grass, is a species of tussock grass that is endemic to Australia. The species was formally described in 1854 by German botanist and physician Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel in Synopsis Plantarum Glumacearum.

The Canterbury-Otago tussock grasslands are an ecoregion of South Island, New Zealand.

It sings from a low perch such as a rock or grass tussock.

It feeds on grasses like slender tussock grass, kangaroo grass, and false brome.

Dasychira mendosa, the brown tussock moth or hairy tussock moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1823. It is found in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand and Australia.

Gynaephora rossii, in English known as Ross' tussock moth, is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It is widespread in the tundras and highlands of the Holarctic. It has large, furry caterpillars which seem to eat mostly saxifrages.

The broadleaved snow tussock (Chionochloa flavescens) and Chionochloa pallens are common on young and well-drained soils, and C. rigida is more common on the drier eastern side of the mountains. The smaller curled snow tussock (C. crassiuscula) becomes prevalent at higher altitudes. Herbaceous perennial plants are interspersed with the tussock grasses, including speargrasses (Aciphylla spp.), sedges (Carex spp.) and Ranunculus buttercups, notably Ranunculus lyallii, the world’s largest buttercup.

Serrated tussock, which is estimated to cost NSW agriculture more than $40 million annually,Jones, R, Vere D. 1998. The economics of serrated tussock in New South Wales. Plant Protection Quarterly 13(2): 70–6. is said to be causing a greater reduction in pasture carrying capacity than any other weed in Australia, yet N. tenuissima is thought to be capable of occupying 6 times the area predicted for Serrated tussock.

He is interested in the outdoor environment, particularly high country tussock and watershed areas.

Alpine grassland, also known as tussock herbfield, is the dominant plant community in the ecoregion. Alpine grasslands grow above the treeline at approximately 1200 meters elevation. Tussock grasses, mostly of genus Chionochloa, are characteristic. These grasses are mostly long-lived slow- growing perennials.

Dasychira manto, the Manto tussock moth, is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It was first described by Herman Strecker in 1900 and it is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Dasychira manto is 8307.

It is a tiger moth but is commonly referred to as a "tussock moth" for the tufts of hair on the caterpillar. According to Wiktionary, a tussock is a tuft or clump of green grass or similar verdure, forming a small hillock.

Tussock grassland is mainly restricted to comparatively deep, well-drained soils. In drier areas, Poa labillardieri is dominant in tall, dense tussocks with shrubs of Pimelea pygmaea, Leucopogon stuartii, and Epacris petrophila, which may merge into Eucalyptus coccifera woodlands. In wetter, more peaty soils, tall tussock grassland gives way to a lower, sod tussock community in which Poa gunnii is dominant with rosette shrubs such as Velleia montana, Celmisia asteliifolia, and Plantago antarctica.

Examples are found in: New Zealand (e.g. New Zealand tussock grasslands), Australia, Argentina, temperate areas of southern and eastern Africa, and some subantarctic islands. It is usually typified by low rainfall and poor soils, in which few plants other than hardy tussock grasses can flourish.

Poa morrisii, commonly known as soft tussock-grass is a species of tussock grass that is endemic to Australia. The species was formally described in 1970 by Australian botanist Joyce Winifred Vickery based on plant material collected in Sandringham, Victoria by P. Morris in 1939.

Perina nuda, the clearwing tussock moth or banyan tussock moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1787. It is found in the Indian subregion, Sri Lanka, to southern China Hong Kong, Thailand and Sundaland.

Dasychira meridionalis, the southern tussock moth, is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It was first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1913 and it is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Dasychira meridionalis is 8298.

Red tussock and spear grass New Zealand has extensive natural tussock grasslands in locations where elevation and climate has limited forest growth. This includes the Central Plateau in the North Island and extensive areas of the South Island between the tree line and the alpine environment. There are also smaller areas of tussock grassland on flood plains due to the constantly shifting substrate and greater likelihood of frost. New Zealand's grassland ecosystems evolved in the absence of grazing mammals.

Acyphas is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae erected by Jacob Hübner in 1819.

It has been placed in the tribe Orgyiini, which is in the subfamily Lymantriinae (the tussock moths).

The Cape Portland greenhood grows in dense, tall, tussock grassland in coastal areas and in the midlands.

This species is associated with tussock (bunchgrass) grassland habitats within open pine forests at elevations of asl.

Tussock Island () is an island 0.2 nautical miles (0.4 km) long, lying off the west side of Annenkov Island, South Georgia. Following geological work by British Antarctic Survey (BAS), 1972–73, it was named after the thick mantle of tussock grass (Poa flabellata) that grows on the island.

There are giant grass tussocks - Festuca pilgeri in wetter areas and Pentaschistis minor in drier areas. Giant lobelias grow as sessile rosettes up to across, but produce inflorescences to tall. Tussock grass grows alongside the lobelias. Dendrosenecio keniensis, Lobelia keniensis and tussock grasses are dominant in the wetter areas.

Poa poiformis, commonly known as coast tussock-grass or blue tussock-grass, is a densely tufted, erect, perennial tussock grass, with distinctive blue-green leaves, that grows to about 1 m in height. Its inflorescences are arranged in a dense panicle up to 30 cm long. It is native to coastal southern Australia where it occurs along ocean foreshores, estuaries, dunes and cliffs. P. poiformis is also found on Kangaroo Island (South Australia) and Lord Howe Island (New South Wales).

US cover of The Long Patrol Tamello De Fformelo Tussock (or Tammo), a young hare who lives at Camp Tussock, longs to be part of the Long Patrol at Salamandastron. However, his father, Cornspurrey De Fformelo Tussock, will not hear of it. He believes that his son is too young to join up. Against her husband's wishes, Tammo's mother, Mem Divinia, prepares for him to leave during the night with Russa Nodrey, a wandering squirrel who is a friend of the family.

Inaccessible Island rails often nest in tussock grass The Inaccessible Island rail is a seasonal breeder, laying between October and January. They are monogamous, forming permanent pair-bonds. The nests are situated at the base of ferns with tussock grass, tussock grass clumps, or in tufts of sedges. The nests are domed and oval or pear shaped, with the entrances near the narrow end of the nest and linked by a track or tunnel that can go up to half a metre away.

Liawenee greenhood grows in Poa labillardierei tussock grassland at altitudes of in exposed situations on the Central Plateau.

E. helonoma is found exclusively in short tussock grasslands. The likely host of this species is Poa cita.

The area is very windy. This climate has led to a xerophytic vegetation, including shrubs and tussock grass.

Chionochloa antarctica (common name - snow tussock) is a species of grass, endemic to the Auckland and Campbell Islands.

Lymantria dispar asiatica has several common names including the Asian gypsy moth, persimmon caterpillar or persimmon tussock moth.

Eriophorum vaginatum, the hare's-tail cottongrass, tussock cottongrass, or sheathed cottonsedge, is a species of perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae. It is native to bogs and other acidic wetlands throughout the Holarctic Kingdom. It is a 30–60 cm high tussock-forming plant with solitary spikes.

The flooded lake country around the permanent water sources support stands of Coolibah, Lignum, Bluebush, Verbine and tussock grassland.

Carex diandra is a species of sedge known by the common names lesser tussock- sedge and lesser panicled sedge.

Orgyia antiqua, the rusty tussock moth or vapourer,Explanation of name "vapourer" is a moth in the family Erebidae.

Choerotricha is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was described by Felder in 1874.

Ilema is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was described by Moore in 1860.

Imaus is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was described by Moore in 1879.

Locharna is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was described by Moore in 1879.

Micromorphe is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Felder in 1874.

Dasychira plagiata, the northern pine tussock or northern conifer tussock, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found in North America from Newfoundland and Labrador to Alberta, in Massachusetts, New York and North Carolina. The wingspan is about 35 mm.

This species occurs in the salt pans of Otago as well as at tussock grassland areas of montane South Canterbury.

The Orgyiini are a tribe of tussock moths of the family Erebidae. The tribe was described by Wallengren in 1861.

O. sophistes is a dryland specialist and occurs in short tussock grasslands where its host plant is a common component.

Carriola is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Charles Swinhoe in 1922.

Cozola is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1865.

Dura is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Frederic Moore in 1879.

Psalis is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1823.

Sitvia is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1865.

Somena is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1856.

Lacida is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1855.

Orvasca is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1865.

Medama is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Shōnen Matsumura in 1933.

Numenes is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1855.

Nygmia is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1820.

Pantana is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1855.

Significant weeds recorded include St John's Wort Hypericum perforatum, Serrated Tussock Nassella trichotoma, African Lovegrass Eragrostis curvula and Phalaris Phalaris aquatica.

Yellow-crowned parakeets subsist on the seeds of beech, flax, and tussock, but also eat fruits, flowers, leaves, shoots, and invertebrates.

Arctornis is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1810.

Calliteara is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1881.

Psilochira is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Lambertus Johannes Toxopeus in 1948.

Rhypotoses is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Cyril Leslie Collenette in 1931.

Sundaroa is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1999.

Toxoproctis is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1999.

The narrow-leaved snow tussock is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN and Not Threatened by the Department of Conservation.

Poa cita The host species of the larvae of G. euastera is unknown although it is likely that it is a sedge or grass. It is believed that the species is associated with Poa Cita (silver tussock). The preferred habitat of this species is short tussock grassland ranging in altitude from sea level to 1280 m.

The black mountain ringlet larvae are known night feeders and have been spotted feeding on the tips of tussock blades. The larvae spend little time feeding, but instead choose to conceal themselves in nearby hiding spots. This is to prevent them being preyed upon by aerial predators, which can easily spot them atop tussock grass blades.

The grassland is dominated by tussock grass and there are scattered oaks, hawthorns, willows and blackthorns. There is access from Ray Lane.

Calliteara horsfieldii, or Horsfield's tussock moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Saunders in 1851.

The Arctornithini are a tribe of tussock moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1999.

The Nygmiini are a tribe of tussock moths of the family Erebidae. The tribe was erected by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1999.

The rediscovery of the species occurred on south-eastern slopes at an altitude of 750-800m amongst the snow tussock Chionochloa rigida.

Parocneria is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1897.

Salar de Talar is a part of the Central Andean dry puna ecoregion, which in this zone is characterized by tussock grass vegetation.

The common tussock can be found in a variety of habitats ranging from sea-level saltmarshes and grasslands, to an alpine zone as high as 1950 metres. A. antipodum can be abundant in native and introduced grasslands, both tall and short, as well as various open-country, semi-natural sceneries in New Zealand's South Island. The common tussock is readily seen roadside along old forest sites, and within ungrazed grassland habitats. Furthermore, at sea level, A. antipodum was identified along the Southland coast in mosaic habitats which included areas such as salt marsh, swamp, and tussock grassland.

The area of volcanic plateau is no longer untouched, with wild horses and cows having feed on it for many years and more recently rabbits having become a common visitors on these tussock lands. But, the status of the red tussock (Chionochloa rubra) is still primitive. (Cockayne, 1958) The inflorescences of Chionochloa spp. are attacked by at least two flies and one moth.

Dasychira grisefacta, the pine tussock or grizzled tussock, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1911. It is found in North America in Alberta, from British Columbia to Arizona and Oregon, in New Mexico, Montana, South Dakota and North Dakota. The wingspan is about 42 mm for males, the females are wingless.

Birds (Moa) and invertebrates were the main browsers until the introduction of sheep, goats and deer in the 1800s. Multiple species of tussock are present and dominate at different elevations and climates, with the maximum size of the species decreasing with increasing altitude. Tussock grasslands also help transfer water from the upper to lower catchment due to comparatively low transpiration.

Orgyia definita, the definite tussock moth or definite-marked tussock moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was first described by Alpheus Spring Packard in 1865. The species is found in eastern North America from Minnesota to New Brunswick and south to South Carolina, Mississippi, and Louisiana. The wingspan is about 30 mm for males; females are wingless.

Tussock grasses or bunch grasses are a group of grass species in the family Poaceae. They usually grow as singular plants in clumps, tufts, hummocks, or bunches, rather than forming a sod or lawn, in meadows, grasslands, and prairies. As perennial plants, most species live more than one season. Tussock grasses are often found as forage in pastures and ornamental grasses in gardens.

Specimens were also collected in tussock country near the Homer saddle by George Howes. The habitat of this species is grassy mountain side slopes.

Artaxa is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae erected by Francis Walker in 1855. Some of the species have urticating hairs.

The species is an alpine moth and has been collected amongst tussock in swampy habitat. A. cinnabari has been reared in captivity on Hypochaeris radicata.

The habitat for all subspecies is closed heath, wet dense heath, open forest, open heath, swampy draiages and tussock grassland with bracken and sedge growth.

A. declarata prefers open tussock habitat amongst beech forest in mountainous terrain. It can be found at elevations of between 450 to 1750m in altitude.

The species occurs in open grassy areas. In Wellington the species prefers coastal cliffs and at Mount Hutt specimens have been collected in tussock grass.

The Tussock Grassland is an area on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro that contains many unique species of vegetation such as the water holding cabbage.

Poa foliosa is a species of tussock grass commonly known as muttonbird poa. It is native to the subantarctic islands of New Zealand and Australia.

Tussock in the vicinity of Mount Ngauruhoe. Exclusion plot on Island Saddle in the South Island of New Zealand. The enclosure prevents herbivory by introduced mammals resulting in a higher recruitment of tussocks within the plot. Tussock grasslands form expansive and distinctive landscapes in the South Island and to a lesser extent in the central plateau region of the North Island of New Zealand.

Now woody patches regain over tussock moors; near Gouland Downs Hut, beeches covered by thick moss are reminiscent of the wettest forests of southern New Zealand. After several kilometers of alternating tussock downs and bush, MacKay Hut is reached, with broad views reaching to the Tasman Sea. There begins a long descent through the bush. This time podocarps are dominant, including impressive large rimu trees.

Where they have becomes established and converted tussock grasslands to wilding pine forests, 25% to 30% less water reaches streams and lakes. The pines outcompete native trees and tussock land. Shelter plantings were established for protection against harsh winds in places such as the Lake Ōhau Lodge in the 1950s. Wilding pines that spread from these early plantings have become a problem in adjacent areas.

The species breeds within tussock grasslands, spinifex or Melaleuca woodland, pastures of native grass, standing crops and stubble. The red-chested buttonquails are solitary breeders and females are sequentially polyandrous. The female usually constructs the nest and it is depression lined with grass, hooked, and shelter by grass tussock. Eggs are laid in February–July/September in the north, and September–February in the south.

Tussock grass lowlands and steep cliffs from the shore of Inaccessible Island The Inaccessible rail is endemic to the uninhabited Inaccessible Island in the Tristan da Cunha group in the mid-Atlantic Ocean. The island is in area and has a temperate wet oceanic climate with high rainfall, limited sunshine and persistent westerly winds. The rail is found in almost all habitats on the island and at all altitudes, from sea-level to . It reaches its highest densities in fields of tussock grass (Spartina arundinacea), with 10 birds per hectare, and in tussock grass mixed with ferns (Blechnum penna-marina) and sedges, with 15 birds per hectare.

It is a spreading perennial tussock grass from in height. Its flowers are green or purple. It reproduces asexually by use of both stolons and rhizomes.

It prefers grassland and silver tussock to live, so can be found widely distributed across New Zealand. It also lives in forest clearings on both islands.

Habrophylla is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was described by Turner in 1921. All the species are found in Australia.

Hudson noted that the type specimen was found at an altitude of 4000 ft in tussock grasslands. The species has subsequently been collected from similar habitat.

Eragrostis setifolia is an erect perennial tussock forming grass.Lazarides, M. (1997). A revision of Eragrostis (Eragrostideae, Eleusininae, Poaceae) in Australia. Australian Systematic Botany, 10(1), 77-187.

Bembina is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. Walker circumscribed the genus in 1865 with his newly-described B. apicalis as its sole member.

Poa kerguelensis is a species of tussock grass native to various subantarctic islands. The specific epithet refers to the type locality – the Kerguelen Islands.Flora of Australia Online.

Orgyia falcata is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Orgyia falcata is 8317.

The larva feeds on various grasses including orchard grasses, tussock grasses, fescues, and canarygrasses. This species overwinters as a larva and feeds in mild weather throughout the season.

Orgyia magna is a species of tussock moth in the family Erebidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Orgyia magna is 8310.

Several genera of tussock moths in the family Erebidae are placed in incertae sedis (of uncertain position) because their relationships to tribes within the subfamily Lymantriinae are unclear.

Euproctis is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1819. Species are cosmopolitan, widespread throughout Palearctic, African, Oriental and Australian regions.

In 1867, the Studholme Brothers purchased of flat tussock land known as the Coldstream Estate for £35,000 (about £3,800,000 in 2018 value)."History," www.coldstreamestate.com, 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2018.

Perina is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1855 and is found in China, Sri Lanka and throughout India.

Desired habitats of the Red-chested buttonquail such as ground covers, tussock grass, sedges and woody debris, should be managed to ensure suitable habitat conditions for this species remain.

Orgyia is a genus of tussock moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was described by Ochsenheimer in 1810. The species are cosmopolitan, except for the Neotropical realm. Orgyia sp.

P. ingrami is native to a broad swathe of inland Australia, from northwestern Queensland to northeastern Western Australia. It lives in tussock grasslands on black soil, retreating into earth crevices.

The last element is the finite form of tuve which means "tuft of grass" or "tussock" and the first part is referring to the island on which it is located.

Hudson stated that the species was seen in kahikatea forest amongst Carex species. C. siria is also known to inhabit the short tussock grasslands and shrubland in the Dansey Ecological District.

Machaerina juncea, commonly known as bare twig-rush or tussock swamp twig rush, is a sedge in the sedge family, Cyperaceae, that is native to Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia.

In order to survive, this bird needs only seeds, some gravel, and easy access to some sort of fresh water source. Their habitat usually has rough vegetation and tussock-type grasses.

Merino sheep were brought from Taupo in 1855 by missionary Tom Grace, to graze on the tussock lands in the Waiouru area. The flock was eaten by Te Kooti's warriors in 1869, and 4000 more merinos were brought over the mountains from Hawke's Bay. In England, the development of steam-powered machinery for making woolen cloth caused the price paid for raw wool to rise to £150 per ton, (about NZ$60 a kilo at today’s values). And Waiouru sat in the middle of the Murimotu plains, 60,000 hectares of tussock grassland, enough to graze 60,000 sheep, annually producing about 240 tons of wool worth £36,000 (with the buying power of NZ$14 million today) In 1871 the government sought to lease these tussock plains.

Molinia caerulea is a herbaceous perennial bunchgrass (tussock-forming), growing up to tall (taller when sheltered by gorse and heather), with many closely packed stems. The leaves are coarse, green, taper to a point, long, flat and sometimes slightly hairy on top.Grasses by C E Hubbard, 1978, published by Penguin books Due to the dense tussock it is very resistant to heath fires. Its ligule is a ring of hairs, as in heath grass (Danthonia decumbens).

It is a nature reserve with a breeding colony of over one million mutton birds or short-tailed shearwaters. Rodondo's vegetation communities include Disphyma herbfield, Stipa tussock grassland, Poa poiformis tussock grassland, Melaleuca armillaris low closed forest, Allocasuarina verticillata low open forest, clifftop shrubland, and Eucalyptus globulus open forest. As well as the shearwaters, recorded breeding seabird and wader species include little penguin, fairy prion, Pacific gull and sooty oystercatcher. White-bellied sea-eagles have nested on the island.

The world population therefore appears to be confined to Tiwai Point and Three Sisters. As of 2014, only 34 males and 6 females of this species had ever been found. A. frivola only occurs along a small area of the Southland coast, in a narrow (30–50 cm) and fragmented strip of short tussock grassland right next to shell or gravel beaches. The dominant plants in this habitat are knobby club rush (Ficinia nodosa) and silver tussock (Poa cita).

The nests are typically built entirely of the same material the nest is found in; for example, tussock grass or sedges. Where the construction material is tussock grass, larger leaves are used on the outside and finer material lines the nest. There are a few reports of other material being used as lining, such as the leaves of introduced Malus domestica (apple) or Salix babylonica (willow). The clutch size is two eggs, which is low for such small rails.

Moths of the subfamily Lymantriinae are commonly called tussock moths due to the tussock-like tufts of hair on the caterpillars.The Gypsy Moth: Research Toward Integrated Pest Management, United States Department of Agriculture, 1981 The name Lymantria dispar is composed of two Latin-derived words. The generic name Lymantria means 'destroyer'.Free Dictionary for Lymantria The species epithet dispar means 'to separate' in Latin; it refers to the sexual dimorphism observed in the male and female imagines.

Poa litorosa is a species of tussock grass that is native to the subantarctic islands of New Zealand and Australia. The specific epithet litorosa comes from the Latin litoralis (“pertaining to the seashore”).

This moth prefers open grassy mountainous habitat at altitudes of up to 1750m. It is known to frequent wetland habitat. Larvae of this species feed on herbs found in the wet tussock grassland.

Laelia is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was described by Stephens in 1828. Species are well distributed throughout Europe, Japan, China, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Java.

Their habitat ranges in elevation from sea level to , but the majority are concentrated in a range from in a subalpine zone. These kiwis will live in tussock grasslands, scrubland, pasture, and forests.

This species grows in scrub and tussock grassland among rocks in montane, lowland or coastal sites. It can be found in river gorges or on terraces, cliffs and in the margins of forests.

On Macquarie Island's coastal terraces and slopes it grows in mixed stands with Stilbocarpa polaris where the drainage is good, and along the borders of streams. It forms a tall tussock grassland along the beaches above the high-water mark, as well as patchily on the island's plateau in sheltered and relatively exposed sites. The upland grasslands are an important habitat for burrow-nesting petrels, rabbits and mice. Where rabbit grazing is controlled, Poa foliosa tall tussock grassland becomes more widespread.

Seaberry Saltbush (Rhagodia candolleana) The peninsula supports a variety of ecological vegetation communities which are of conservation concern within the Gippsland Plains Bioregion. These include Grassy Woodland (Endangered), Bird Colony Succulent Herbland (Rare), Estuarine Flats Grassland (Endangered), Coastal Tussock Grassland (Vulnerable) and Coastal Dune Scrub (Depleted). Overall vegetation of the Summerland Peninsula is dominated by Coast Tussock-grass (Poa poiformis), Bower Spinach (Tetragonia implexicoma), Seaberry Saltbush (Rhagodia candolleana), Rounded Noon-flower (Disphyma crassifolium subsp. davellatum) and coastal tea-tree (Leptospermum laevigatum).

Shrublands of leatherwoods, including Olearia colensoi and Brachyglottis rotundifolia are common at the treeline, with tough leaves that resist water loss from the mountain winds. Alpine communities, principally tussock grasslands, occur above the treeline.

In Chile it breeds between October and January. Males perform a fluttering display flight that goes in the air. Nests are simple cups hidden inside tussock grass, into which 3-4 eggs are laid.

Lymantria is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. They are widely distributed throughout Europe, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Java, and Celebes. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1819.

The lower mountain slopes are covered in native forest. Above this are shrubs, and then tussock grasses. Alpine tundra consists of cushion plants and herbfields; many of these plants have white and yellow flowers.

Arna is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Francis Walker in 1855. It contains many species formerly included in the genus Euproctis, such as Arna bipunctapex.

Cispia is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1855. They are found in India, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, China and southeast Asia (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam).

Burrows are dug into steep tussock slopes at a density of 1 per 2 m2. One white egg is laid in November and incubated for 50 days; chicks take around 80 days to fledge.

Domibacillus tundrae is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Domibacillus which has been isolated from soil of a tussock tundra from Alaska in the United States.

Carex paniculata, the greater tussock-sedge, is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. It grows high and can be found in most of Europe (including Britain), Northwest Asia and North America.

Albatross Crest () is a tussock-covered ridge in the eastern arm of Annenkov Island, South Georgia, Antarctica. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee after the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) which nests here.

A particular feature of the marsh is tussock- sedge, with about forty different flowering plants living as epiphytes on the 2–3 ft high tussocks. The marsh is fringed with ash, buckthorn and various willows.

These mountains are characterised by tussock land, fellfields, and large areas of open scree, while lowland forests have largely been cleared. The Spencer range to the south meanwhile has a more intact beech forest covering.

Dasychira is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1809. They are well distributed all over Africa, Europe, Madagascar, Japan, China, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Java and Australia.

The community includes grass species such as Wallaby Grasses Austrodanthonia spp., Red Grass Bothriochloa macra, Tall Speargrass Austrostipa bigeniculata, Kangaroo Grass Themeda australis, and Poa Tussock Poa labillardierei, and herbaceous species such as Hoary Sunray Leucochrysum albicans var. tricolor, Blue Devil Eryngium ovinum, Leafy Daisy Brachycome rigidula, Tufted Bluebell Wahlenbergia communis, and Lemon Beautyheads Calocephalus citreus. Among weeds recorded are St John's Wort Hypericum perforatum, Serrated Tussock Nassella trichotoma, African Lovegrass Eragrostis curvula, Phalaris Phalaris aquatica, Cocksfoot Dactylis glomerata, Sweet Briar Rosa rubiginosa, Tree Lucerne Tagastaste sp.

Carex stricta is a species of sedge known by the common names upright sedge and tussock sedge.Coladonato, M. 1994. Carex stricta. In: Fire Effects Information System, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.

A comparative study of its life history traits classified it as a "tussock interstitial", that is, a species that has a dense growth form and tends to occupy gaps in marsh vegetation, not unlike Iris versicolor.

In the south of the IBA there are small areas of the grass Dichanthium fecundum and Astrebla tussock grassland on clay plains.BirdLife International. (2011). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Buckley River. Downloaded from on 2011-12-12.

Otroeda cafra is a species of moth in the tussock-moth subfamily Lymantriinae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1782 from Sierra Leone, and is also found in Cameroon, DR Congo, Malawi, and Nigeria.

Leucoma is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The species are well distributed in Palearctic, Ethiopian, and Oriental regions along with New Britain and Ireland. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1822.

The lower spikes are female, while the terminal spike is gynecandrous. This inflorescence is often hidden in the leaves, which form a dense tussock. The species often reproduces clonally. This sedge grows in alpine snowbed habitat.

The thrush is found on Tristan, Inaccessible, Nightingale, Middle and Stoltenhoff Islands in the Tristan group. It uses all the natural habitats available on the islands, including rocky shorelines, tussock grassland, fern- dominated shrubland and wet heathland.

Marsh plants habitating the area include various species of burreed (but predominantly Sparganium americanum), cinnamon fern, common cattail, great bulrush, marsh fern, marsh mermaid weed, reed canary grass, royal fern, soft rush, tussock sedge, and wild rice.

Otroeda nerina is a species of moth in the tussock-moth subfamily Lymantriinae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1782 from Sierra Leone, and is also found in Cameroon, DR Congo, Gabon, Ghana and Nigeria.

Typical behaviour is to run across bare ground between bunches of grass prior to perching atop a tussock. It is threatened by habitat loss to coastal development. At present, little is known of Ash's lark's ecological relationships.

"Early pampas-grass" is a more specific name. The name "tussock grass" may also be found. The Maori name is "toetoe". It is one of five species in the genus Austroderia that are endemic to New Zealand.

From tussock to tussock we gained the city's > slopes. Stone or marble showed it here and there, blanketed in grass among > the yellow iris, with white columns laid on their sides by the Byzantines > and used for a foundation. A Yurük came up with friendly manners to offer > the hospitality of his tent. No one, said he, came to Bargylia, except the > sister of the member for Milas, a good young archaeologist, who had looked – > he waved his hand over the prostrate temples, odeon, stoa, fluted columns, > that lay as if asleep under the grass.

Johnsgard, 1978, pp. 236–238 The preferred habitat for raising broods is tussock-rimmed freshwater ponds where the chicks feed around the edges while the female stays in more open water. The broods are moved overland through the tussock from pond to pond. Niall Rankin, who led an expedition to South Georgia after the Second World War, said: > I never discovered a nest with eggs, but found two ducklings on Albatross > Island, about two days old, on December 18th, also another brood about a > week old on March 11th.

Lymantria serva, the ficus tussock moth or serva tussock moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1793 and is found in Nepal, Sri Lanka, Assam in India and Yunnan in China. It is possibly also found in Taiwan and Hongkong, but these records might be Lymantria iris.Pogue, Michael G. & Paul W. Schaefer (2007) A review of selected species of Lymantria Hübner [1819] (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Lymantriinae) from subtropical and temperate regions of Asia, including the description of three new species, some potentially invasive to North America.

The Campbell teal or Campbell Island teal (Anas nesiotis) is a small, flightless, nocturnal species of dabbling duck of the genus Anas endemic to the Campbell Island group of New Zealand. It is sometimes considered conspecific with the brown teal. The plumage is similar to that of the Auckland teal, dark sepia with the head and back tinged with green iridescence, and a chestnut breast on the male, with the female dark brown all over. Its natural habitat is tussock grassland dominated by Poa tussock grass, ferns and megaherbs.

CSIRO ScienceImage 6661 Striped legless lizard The striped legless lizard prefers undisturbed primary native grasslands with dense cover of tussock grasses such as kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra). Suburban development leading to habitat fragmentation and extensive agricultural impact on both native vegetation and soils have contributed to the decline of suitable habitat for Delma impar. Only around 3% of undisturbed temperate grasslands (suitable habitat for Delma impar) are estimated to remain in south eastern Australia. Delma impar seeks cover from tussock grasses to help maintain its body temperature and moisture requirements.

The midget greenhood usually grows in open tussock grassland. It occurs on the South Island east of the main ranges south from the Canterbury region. There are a few old records from the North Island and Stewart Island.

In 1882 he was appointed director of the Natural History Museum in Hamburg. The herpetological species Pseudemoia pagenstecheri (southern grass tussock skink) is named in his honor.Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles.

Ahuriri Conservation Park is a protected area of 49,000 hectares including tussock grasslands, forest, and river habitat, located in Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand, and centred around the headwaters of the Ahuriri River. The park includes trails and huts.

Caterpillars and leaf damage An overpopulation of the insect can be damaging to sycamore trees. Natural predators, such as birds, control most populations. However, pesticides may be needed. The sycamore tussock moth caterpillar has been documented causing urticaria (hives).

The wet ground has plants such as tussock sedge, yellow iris and water forget-me-nots. There is access from Gypsy Lane, a track which runs from the junction of Purwell Lane and Kingswood Avenue through to Hitchin Road.

Birnara is a monotypic tussock moth genus in the family Erebidae erected by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1879. Its only species, Birnara bicolor, was first described by Francis Walker in 1855. It is found in Sundaland in Southeast Asia.

Vegetation includes tussock grass, cotton grass, bilberry, heather and many types of moss owing to the high rainfall on the summit. The dip slope eventually merges with the Carboniferous limestone which outcrops in the karst landscape to the south.

The West African shaggy rat is a terrestrial species. It is nocturnal and a good swimmer. It lives in a shallow burrow, the entrance often hidden under a grass tussock. It feeds on grasses, leaves and other plant material.

The stripe-faced dunnart's distribution covers a broad area of central and northern Australia, from the Pilbara to central Northern Territory, western and central Queensland, south to north-east South Australia to north and west New South Wales. The species also inhabits a range of habitats, mainly within arid regions, occurring in low shrublands containing saltbush (Atriplex spp.) and bluebush (Maireana spp.), in spinifex grasslands on sandy soils, among sparse Acacia shrublands, in tussock grasslands on clay, sandy or stony soils, on open salt lakes, and on low, shrubby, rocky ridges. The highest abundance of the species occurs mainly in tussock grasslands and shrublands where overgrazing by domestic and feral stock is sparse or absent, and often where there are drainage lines in natural vegetation which tend to improve the availability of food and shelter. The species shelters under rocks and logs, in cracks in the soil and in tussock grass.

Poa rodwayi is a species of tussock grass that is native to south eastern Australia. Growing to 60 cm high, with greyish green leaves. Mostly found in grassland or grassy woodland plant communities. The type specimen was collected at Hobart, Tasmania.

The wingspan is 32–40 mm for males and 42–50 mm for females. Adults are on wing from November to January. The larvae live in a blind silken tube encrusted with plant and soil debris, constructed amongst tussock bases.

The area includes distinctive geology including ribbon fens and peat habitats. The Lammerlaw and Lammermoor Ranges also include tussock grasslands. Parts of the ranges are in Te Papanui Conservation Park. The endangered Eldon's galaxias (Galaxias eldoni) is found in the range.

The sycamore tussock moth produces two generations each year. Moths emerge from overwintering cocoons from May to June. After mating, they lay egg masses on bark the underside of leaves. The larvae feed on the American sycamore tree, Platanus occidentalis.

It is attracted to light, sugar and many nectar-rich flowers. The larva feeds at the roots of various grasses including tussock grasses, orchard grass, ryegrass, reed grasses, and fescues such as sheep's fescue. This species overwinters as a larva.

Gahnia melanocarpa, known as the black fruit saw-sedge, is a tussock forming perennial plant in eastern Australia. Often found in the wetter forests or in rainforest margins, it is common on the coast but also seen in the tablelands.

Trees in these forests include red maple, chestnut oak, scarlet oak, mountain laurel, black huckleberry, and lowbush blueberry. Numerous plant species inhabit the mountain's vernal pools. These include cranberry, cinnamon fern, royal fern, tussock sedge, pitch pine, and numerous others.

The host species of T. scissaria is as yet unknown. However, this species has been associated with the tussock grass Poa cita. It has been hypothesised that the host species for T. scissaria larvae may be in the genus Carmichaelia.

Halysidota davisii, or Davis' tussock moth, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Henry Edwards in 1874. It is found in Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and north-western Texas. The wingspan is 45–60 mm.

Mexican feathergrass has also been sold by a nursery in NSW as a native grass 'elegant spear Austrostipa elegantissima.Jacobs S, Everett J, Torres M. 1998. Nassella tenuissima recorded from Australia, a potential weed related to tussock. Telopia 8 (1): 41–6.

Hempstead Meadow is a Local Nature Reserve in Uckfield in East Sussex. It is owned and managed by Uckfield Town Council. The site is mainly wet grassland with scattered trees and scrub. Flora include primroses, tussock sedge and various ferns.

Upper Akaroa Harbour Canterbury Plains Like much of the Canterbury-Otago tussock grasslands the Canterbury Plains have been highly modified since human settlement and now support a large agricultural industry. Prior to the arrival of Māori settlers in the 13th century, much of the modern Canterbury region was covered in scrub and beech forests. Forest fires destroyed much of the original forest cover which was succeeded by tussock grassland. By the 19th century, only ten percent of this forest cover remained and the European settlers introduced several new exotic grass, lupin, pine and macrocarpa that gradually supplanted the native vegetation.

There are few endemic plants on these grassy plains. While there was probably once forest the plains are now special in New Zealand as a large area of pasture almost entirely covered with grasses that are resilient to drought and the constant threat of fire. The endemic tussock grasses such as slim snow tussock have now been replaced by introduced pasture grasses in many areas. Some upland areas have a cover of Chionochloa tussocks plus heath of Chionohebe and spiky Aciphylla plus some threatened plant species including the shrub Hebe cupressoides, a daisy (Olearia hectori), and some Peraxilla mistletoes.

The majority of unique flora is found above the timberline at AHD, the region above the forest of Eucalyptus (ADH). The unique flora includes the largest range of Tussock Grasses (Poa spp.), Herbaceous Daisies, Eyebrights and Carexes (small sedges) in Australia. Many other small vegetation ecosystems appear on the High Plains, including but not limited to Tussock grassland, Alpine shrubby heathland, Subalpine woodland and Tall Alpine herb field. Important or notable species within the Victorian alps include · Snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora) · Snow Daisies (Celmisia spp) · Pineapple Grass (Astelia alpina) · Alpine Trachymene (Trachymene humilis) · Billy Buttons (Craspedia spp.).

Argyrophenga antipodum is approximately 12–17 mm long with a wingspan of about 35–45 mm.(Early, 2009) Male and female common tussock butterflies are quite different in body shape, as females are shorter and have more rounded bodies compared to the males.(Craw, 1978) Common tussock butterflies have very distinct markings on the underside of their wings;(O'Brien, 1985) they are described as silver streaks and give the butterflies an advantage when it comes to camouflage.(Lindsay & Morris, 2000) The butterfly itself is brown and red, with distinctive eyespots, this is believed to be an evolutionary adaptation to prevent prey from attacking.

It correlates with the middle part of the Buckinghorse Formation in the Muskwa River area, and with the Tussock Member of the Scatter Formation in the Liard River area. Equivalent beds may be present above the coal-bearing strata near Grande Cache.

Plant life changes with elevation; at lower levels the volcanoes are covered with grass and tussock grasslands and sedge meadows and, on Amsterdam, the tree Phylica arborea mixed with ferns. Higher up, on the Plateau des Tourbières, there are shrubs, bogs, and mosses.

Triodia is a perennial Australian tussock grass which grows in arid regions. Its leaves (30–40 centimetres long) are subulate (awl- shaped, with a tapering point). The leaf tips, that are high in silica, can break off in the skin, leading to infections.

This greenhood grows in tussock grassland and scrub, near wetlands and in open forest. It occurs on both main islands of New Zealand, in a few places on the North Island but is widespread, especially on the eastern side of the South Island.

Penthophera is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Ernst Friedrich Germar in 1812. The Global Lepidoptera Names Index and Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms only include Penthophera morio as a species in this genus.

Cynanchum laeve is a food plant of caterpillars of monarch butterflies. Larvae of Euchaetes egle, the milkweed tussock moth, both in the Eastern and Western United States consume C. laeve. The larvae of these moths eat Cynanchum laeve and other plants when developing.

It is found growing on steep slopes on mountain ranges down to rivers and lakes, tussock grassland and above tree line on mountain tops. It is abundant on soil that has a lot of rock fragments and is easily affected by flooding.

Dicallomera fascelina, the dark tussock, is a moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in most of Europe, through the Palearctic to Central Asia to Korea.

Halysidota underwoodi, or Underwood's tussock moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found in Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. The species was named after Cecil F. Underwood.

Two types are recognised. A low open heathland with tree broom heath, an unusual variety of the Sydney golden wattle, tuckeroo, and the coastal tea tree. The flora on the more exposed areas has pigface, a tussock grass and a long stalked form of Lomandra.

The natural tussock grass is an important resource for endemic birds. Three birds species at risk are the critically endangered hooded grebe (Podiceps gallardoi), the rare ruddy-headed goose (Chloephaga rubidiceps) and the near threatened striated caracara (Phalcoboenus australis), which has suffered from over-hunting.

Plate 8 of Caterpillars, first volume. Depicting a dandelion Taraxacum, with Dicallomera fascelina, the dark tussock moth. The Dutch common name for the moth Meriansborstel is named for Merian. Long after her death a number of taxa, and two genera, were named after her.

The order Lepidoptera contains moths and butterflies characterized by having a complete metamorphosis; larvae transform to pupae and then metamorphose into adult moths or butterflies. The family is Lymantriidae. Lymantriid larvae are commonly called tussock moths because of the tufts of hair on the larvae.

The mountain is named after the Mørkdalen valley. The last element is the finite form of tuve or tue which means "tussock". The valley name Mørkdalen is a compound of mørk which means "dark" and the finite form of dal which means "dale" or "valley".

The coat of arms of the Falkland Islands was granted to the Falkland Islands on 29 September 1948. It consists of a shield containing a ram on tussock grass in the field with a sailing ship underneath and the motto of the Falklands (Desire the Right) below. The ship represents the Desire, the vessel in which the English sea-captain John Davis is reputed to have discovered the Falkland Islands in 1592; the motto, Desire the Right, also refers to the ship's name. The ram represents sheep farming, which until recently was the principal economic activity of the islands, and the tussock grass shows the most notable native vegetation.

In 1980, the conservation park was described as follows: > Messent Conservation Park conserves a large area of open scrub, open heath > and tussock sedgeland, which include seven rare plant species. These > associations, in turn, provide valuable habitat for western grey kangaroos, > wombats, echidnas, ash-grey mice, emus, mallee fowl and a variety of > waterbirds… This park is an extensive area of sand plain overlain by > stabilized sand dunes. Sedge flats, swamps and a lake occur in the > interdunal depressions. The vegetation is primarily Eucalyptus diversifolia > open scrub with relatively large areas of open heath and tussock sedgeland… > Messent is currently recovering (regenerating) from a recent bushfire > (1977).

Feeding resumes in the spring. The pupa stands generally upright in a flimsy silk cocoon, at the base of a grass tussock. This stage lasts for two weeks. A. hyperantus is generally considered to have a closed population structure since it occurs in small, well-defined populations.

There are also a lot of rare species, such as few-flower sedge, fibrous tussock-sedge, flea sedge, tufted loosestrife or Gladiolus imbricatus. Many other plants can be seen at the moss lakes, for example Sphagnum moss, cotton-grass, marsh Labrador tea and carnivorous common sundew.

But he is no vegetarian. His family owns 1,000 acres of swamp, tussock, scrub, forest and mudflat. A cabbage tree grows through his verandah floor, while a puriri tree has pushed his house crooked. Cooch owns the Dog's girlfriend Jess and a pet magpie called Pew.

This species prefers short tussock grassland habitat in coastal areas. The host species for the larvae of H. siris is unknown. It has been hypothesised the larvae of H. siris feed on the flowers of Helichrysum species and then feed on mosses, lichens or shrubs growing nearby.

Themeda triandra is a perennial tussock-forming grass widespread in Africa, Australia, Asia and the Pacific. In Australia it is commonly known as kangaroo grass and in East Africa and South Africa it is known as red grass and red oat grass or as rooigras in Afrikaans.

And the extremely cold winter of 1893, with deep snow on the ground from Easter to October, killed 20,000 of his sheep and left the rest emaciated. By the mid-1890s there were only 40,000 merinos on the tussock lands between Karioi bush and the Kaimanawa Ranges.

Austrostipa elegantissima, commonly known as tall feather-grass, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is native to southern Australia, from Western Australia to New South Wales. It grows as a decumbent perennial in a rhizomatous tussock with widespread leaves. It lacks basal leaves.

Like other pipits, this species is insectivorous. It mainly feeds on the ground and will also make short flights to catch flying insects. A few seeds are also eaten. The nest is made of grass or moss and is built on the ground under a grass tussock.

Oligeria is a monotypic moth genus in the subfamily Lymantriinae described by Turner in 1921. Its only species, Oligeria hemicalla, the tiny tussock moth, was first described by Oswald Bertram Lower in 1905. It is found in the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria.

Orgyia leucostigma, the white-marked tussock moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by James Edward Smith in 1797. The caterpillar is very common especially in late summer in eastern North America, extending as far west as Texas, California, and Alberta.

N. tenuissima is also likely to have significant impacts on beef and wool production. It is closely related to serrated tussock (N. trichotoma) and Chilean needle grass (N. neesiana), both designated Weeds of National Significance because they displace pasture grasses and produce seeds that contaminate wool.

Digitaria eriantha is a monocot and in the family of Poaceae. "It is perennial, sometimes stoloniferous or tufted". This grass grows a dense tussock with extended stolons, which are covered with hairs or without hairs. Each grass, erect or ascending, reaches between 35 and 180 cm tall.

Halysidota schausi, or Schaus' tussock moth, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1909. It is found from Texas and Mexico to Costa Rica, Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru. It is also found on Martinique and the Lesser Antilles.

The grassy groundcover is fairly open, with many native grasses and forbs. Several species of lilies, daisies and legumes are present along with at least fifteen species of native grasses including Austrodanthonia spp., Austrostipa spp., Red Grass Bothriochloa macra, Tussock Grass Poa sieberiana and Kangaroo Grass Themeda australis.

Poa litorosa is a perennial, dioecious grass, growing in straw-coloured, wiry tussocks up to 60 cm in height. It is closely related to Poa cita (silver tussock) of New Zealand and is native to New Zealand's Antipodes, Auckland and Campbell Islands as well as to Australia's Macquarie Island.

It can be found as far south as the Right Branch of the Rahu River, Spring Junction () and as far north as the Thousand Acres Plateau, Matiri Range (). Alpinacris crassicauda prefer alpine tussock grasslands between , however, can be found as low as on the Thousand Acres Plateau, Matiri Range ().

Like several other lakes in the region, Lake Dove was formed by glaciation. The habitat is unique and includes the Tasmanian deciduous beech (Nothofagus gunnii), tussock grasses, snow gums and pencil pines. Among animals wandering the shores of the lake are numerous wombats, echidnas, pademelons and tiger snakes.

Parablechnum procerum, synonym Blechnum procerum, commonly known as mountain kiokio or small kiokio, is a species of fern found in New Zealand. It is found from lowland to alpine areas among forest, scrub and tussock. P. procerum usually grows to a height of between 30 and 50 cm.

This species prefers short tussock grassland habitat in montane to subalpine zones. The host species for the larvae of H. expolita is unknown. It has been hypothesised the larvae of H. expolita feed on the flowers of Helichrysum species and then feed on mosses, lichens or shrubs growing nearby.

In 1887 the Government purchased the Waimarino block from the Maori. The first European settlement was at Karioi where sheep were grazed on open tussock land. The Waimarino block proved to be a “pot of gold”. Between 1908 and 1947 it provided 700 million superficial feet of building timber.

Dasychira pinicola, the pine tussock moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. in 1911. It is found in the US states of New Jersey, Massachusetts, Wisconsin and Minnesota. The larvae feed on Pinus species, including Pinus banksiana.

Grassland in the Falkland Islands The World Wildlife Fund gives the ecoregion a status of "Vulnerable". Few people live in the ecoregion. However, grazing livestock and introduced animals have destroyed the natural grassland, particularly tussock grass. Where the sparse vegetation has been damaged the soil is exposed to erosion.

Adults of the species emerge during the months of November until March with December being the most common month in which the adult moth has been collected. A. stinaria has been found in wetlands, tussock country, open non-forest habitat as well as grassy openings in forested habitat.

The wilding conifers are considered to be a threat to biodiversity, farm productivity and to landscape values. Since they often invade tussock grasslands – which are characterised by low-lying vegetation that is considered to be a natural environment – the tall trees become a prominent and unwanted feature. Canterbury region.

Carex archeri grows in bogs, alpine heath and tussock grassland in upland areas of Tasmania and the Australian Alps of Victoria and New South Wales. Within New South Wales, it is limited to parts of Kosciuszko National Park around Club Lake and the upper reaches of the Thredbo River.

The spotted nightjar (Eurostopodus argus) is a species of nightjar in the family Caprimulgidae. It inhabits much of mainland Australia and has also been found in several Indonesian islands. Its natural habitats are open forests and woodlands, scrub, spinifex and tussock grassland, savannah woodland and mangroves.Cleere, N. (2010).

Western Port supports a mosaic of habitat types including underwater seagrass beds, intertidal rock platforms, sandy beaches, intertidal mudflats, tidal channels, saltmarshes and mangroves. The coastline around Phillip Island is of State significance because of its remnant coastal tussock grasslands and dune scrub, a rare vegetation community in Victoria.

The Forrest's mouse (Leggadina forresti), or desert short-tailed mouse, is a small species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is a widespread but sparsely distributed species found across arid and semi-arid inland Australia, commonly found in tussock grassland, chenopod shrubland, and mulga or savannah woodlands.

Colocasia coryli (nut-tree tussock) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Europe. Western Asia. In the North, the distribution area includes northern Scandinavia, in the South the moth is limited to montane areas of Western and Northern Spain, Sicily, Greece and Asia minor.

A layer of permafrost, or frozen soil, lies beneath the tundra's surface. Permafrost limits plant growth since their roots are unable to reach very deep. Cottongrass-tussock is the most widespread type of vegetation in the region. Global warming poses a threat to this region and its permafrost.

The lake is dominated by tall fen vegetation, especially common reed, although in some areas bottle sedge bogbean, Yellow flag iris and greater pond sedge are locally dominant and there are patches of common club-rush, reed canary-grass, reedmace and greater tussock-sedge. Species which are uncommon on the isdland or in northern Wales include Lesser water-plantain, greater spearwort and lesser tussock-sedge occur locally within the fen. The parts of the site which are dominated by purple moor-grass host a diverse flora including petty whin and large populations of saw-wort. Where lime-rich springs emerge, blunt- flowered rush is common and grass of Parnassus and marsh helleborine are found alongside it.

The German blazon reads: In Grün ein silberner Schräglinkswellenbalken, oben rechts eine goldene Lyra, unten links ein goldenes Ährenbüschel (Wiesenlolch) The municipality's arms might be rendered into the Norman French employed in English heraldic language as: Vert a bend sinister wavy argent, between a lyre or, and a rye-grass tussock, bendwise sinister of the last, issuant from the base. The arms were designed in 1967 with the help of then schoolteacher Straßenberg and the Speyer State Archives. The bend sinister wavy (diagonal wavy stripe) and the ryegrass tussock are both canting charges chosen for their allusion to the municipality's name (see above under Name). The golden lyre represents Jettenbach's past as one of the centres in the Musikantenland.

Rytidosperma pallidum (syn. Joycea pallida), commonly known as red-anther wallaby grass, is an Australian species of tussock grass found in Victoria, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory. The grass has flowers in December, and the flowers have a prominent red anther, after which it is commonly named.

Gahnia sieberiana, commonly known as the red-fruit saw-sedge, is a tussock- forming perennial plant in the family Cyperaceae, endemic to Australia. It is a widespread plant that favours damp sunny sites. Many insect larvae have been recorded feeding on the red-fruit saw-sedge. It may grow over tall.

This species is endemic to New Zealand. As well as the type locality of Dunedin, the species has been found in the Dansey Ecological district and the Nevis Red Tussock Fen in Otago. This species has also been found near the Hooker traffic bridge close to Mount Franklin in Canterbury.

The island's vegetation is dominated by tussock grass communities. Recorded breeding seabird and wader species are little penguin, short-tailed shearwater (600,000 pairs) and sooty oystercatcher. Reptiles present include the metallic skink and tiger snake.Brothers, Nigel; Pemberton, David; Pryor, Helen; & Halley, Vanessa. (2001). Tasmania’s Offshore Islands: seabirds and other natural features.

Fairfax County Public Schools. It grows up to tall and wide. When the leaves die, they build on top of or around the living plant, making a "tussock". Widely distributed in and east of the Great Plains, it is one of the most common wetland sedges in eastern North America.

Caterpillar Halysidota harrisii, the sycamore tussock moth, is a species of moth of the family Erebidae and the tribe Arctiini, the tiger moths. The species was first described by Benjamin Dann Walsh in 1864. It is found in southeastern Canada, the eastern parts of the United States, and northeastern Mexico.

This moth flies at night and is attracted to light, sugar and nectar-rich flowers. In the British Isles the moth is active in June and July. The larva feeds on various grasses, including reedgrasses, tussock grasses, fescues, canarygrasses, and ryes. This species overwinters as a larva, feeding during mild weather.

Heliothela atra is a moth of the family Crambidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1877, using a specimen obtained in the Canterbury plains and sourced from the collection of J. D. Enys. It is endemic in New Zealand. The habitat of this species is dry tussock grasslands.

Toolik Lake is home to an active zooplankton community, primarily consisting of nanoflagellates, ciliates, rotifers, and copepods. Five species of fish exist in the lake, including Arctic grayling, burbot, lake trout, round whitefish, and slimy sculpin. Grayling, trout, and whitefish are recreationally fished. Tussock tundra dominates the terrain surrounding the lake.

The Valley originally belonged to the Deans Family. This particular block belonged to one of the Deans sisters and she sold it to the Hawke Family. The Hawkes broke it in turning tussock country into exceptional dairying country. The homes built by William A Hawke and Ernie Hawke still stand.

Portsville is an unincorporated community in Sussex County, Delaware, United States. Portsville is located on the south bank of Broad Creek southwest of Bethel. The Portsville Lighthouse, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Portsville. There is an 8.6 acre pond nearby called Tussock pond.

The rolling, tussock-clad hill country of North Otago provides the important agricultural base, originally through sheep-farming but now largely superseded by dairy. The generation of hydro-electricity in the Waitaki Valley has also drawn attention to the area (see Project Aqua), and tourism has grown in recent years.

These birds are known to be solitary breeders. The breeding season is January through March. The nest is a shallow depression with a dome of grasses and a side entrance, which itself is lined with grasses and leaves. Usually the nest site is well obscured behind grasses, low scrubs or tussock.

The dominant plants are tussock sedge and marsh marigold. There are birds such as long- tailed tits and great tits, and butterflies including large whites and small tortoiseshells. The site is unfenced on its border with Goddard End, but access is difficult as there is no formal entrance or footpaths.

Although raupo tends to be the preferred habitat for spotless crake, they have also been found in swamp areas composed of flax (Phormium tenax), tussock sedge (Carex secta), and cabbage tree (Cordyline australis). If habitat is not ideal, they are also able to migrate locally, which other subspecies do elsewhere.

Reischek’s parakeet feeds on tussock flowers, leaves, seeds, berries as well as invertebrates such as fly larvae in the guano of the penguin colonies. It also scavenges on the carcasses of petrels and albatrosses.Greene, Terry C. (1999). Aspects of the ecology of Antipodes Parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor) and Reischek's Parakeet (C.

Very little is known about this wallaby today. It was a strictly nocturnal animal which led a solitary lifestyle. During the day it sat still in a well-formed 'seat', usually in the shelter of a saltbush or a tussock. If approached too closely, it would bound off at great speed.

The dominate grassland is the tussock. These grasses get to be high, so they provide habitat for many mammals.Fogg, 96 Of the of land that makes up Antarctic, less than 2% of it does not have snow or ice.Bergstrom, 161 One example of a type of vegetation is a crustose lichen.

The species is found in central and southern Chile, and in Argentina as far southward as the Rio Negro and Chubut provinces of Patagonia. Its chief habitat is the Nothofagus forests of the region but it is also found in rocky areas, marshy areas, tussock grass and steppe with shrubs.

Deschampsia is a genus of plants in the grass family, commonly known as hair grass or tussock grass. The genus is widespread across many countries.Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie 91 descriptions in Latin, etymology explained in FrenchPalisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812.

The young caterpillars become conspicuous by the end of August. In the autumn, they make stronger webs closer to the ground, usually within a dense grass tussock, where they will start to hibernate. In the spring, the fourth instar emerges from hibernation. All three of the post-hibernation instars bask in the sun.

The island is aligned north-west to south-east, about long by wide, flat and mainly sandy. There is an area of limestone and unconsolidated dune at the north-western end. The southern coastline is composed of migmatitic rocks. Most of the island is vegetated with Poa tussock grassland, pigface and Lobelia anceps.

Gahnia grandis is a perennial tussock-forming sedge growing to 1–3 × 2–3m tall. The flowering stems are stout, often sprawling before becoming erect. The sharp-edged leaves are flat, brown-sheathed, and channelling to a 2.5m long, narrow, spiral stem. The inflorescences emerge from a long, tangled stem with weeping leaves.

The biology of Lopodytes species has not been much studied. They appear to be predators of small insects, typical of Reduviid specialised for life in tussock grasses in savanna-like areas. As a rule both sexes are winged, but wingless forms occur. They have been reported to come to lights, but only occasionally.

Some areas, like the Valle de Lilís, are treeless meadows of tussock-like pajones (Danthonia domingensis). The understory is composed of shrub such as Lyonia heptamera, Myrica picardae, Myrsine coriacea, Ilex tuerkheimii, Garrya fadyenii and Baccharis myrsinites. All of these species are adapted to the acidic soil of the area. Hispaniolan Pine.

The Cape bunting is not gregarious, and is normally seen alone, in pairs or family groups. It feeds on the ground on seeds, insects and spiders. Its lined cup nest is built low in a shrub or tussock. The two to four eggs are cream and marked with red-brown and lilac.

Habitus The culms of Carex pilulifera grow to a length of , and are often noticeably curved. The leaves are long and wide, and are fairly flat. The rhizomes of C. pilulifera are very short, giving the plant a caespitose (densely tufted) appearance. The tussock grows outwards through the production of annual side-shoots.

Laelia coenosa, the reed tussock, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Jacob Hübner in 1808. It is found in North Africa, southern and central Europe, through Russia and eastern Asia up to Japan. John Curtis's British Entomology Volume 5 The wingspan is 35–50 mm.

Leucanopsis longa, the long-streaked tussock moth or long-streaked halisidota, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1880. It is found from North Carolina to Florida and west along the coast to eastern Texas. The habitat consists of marshes and wet sedge meadows.

It is not a navigable waterway due to its small size and numerous rocky cascades. The lower reaches of the river lie in open tussock which was burnt and grazed by early European settlers. Further upstream the river flows through unmodified beech forest. The upper reaches are in subalpine scrub above the bushline.

In raining season, the total quantity of nitrogen been fixed by Trifolium arvense is larger than the one in dry season.Boswell, C. C., Lowther, W. L., & Rutherford, A. J. (2007). Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Trifolium arvense in semi‐arid short tussock grasslands. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50(4), 511-521.

The scenery is rugged and remote, and the high fells have a landscape typical of the Pennines with extensive areas of tussock grass and blanket peat bog in the west, with heather moorland on the lower slopes descending to the east. Hamsterley Forest near Crook is a popular recreational area for local residents.

Significant plants include the Nationally Scarce cowbane Cicuta virosa and the locally uncommon greater tussock sedge Carex paniculata and lesser pond sedge Carex acutiformis. The nationally uncommon species lesser tussock sedge Carex diandra, water sedge Carex aquatilis, slender tufted sedge Carex acuta and water parsnip Berula erecta are also present. Birds recorded at the site include: jack snipe, common snipe, grey heron, whooper swan, mute swan, teal, wigeon, goldeneye, tufted duck, mallard, coot, moorhen, buzzard, wren, coal tit, great tit, blue tit, long-tailed tit, treecreeper, great spotted woodpecker, song thrush, blackbird, robin, dunnock, chaffinch, jackdaw, carrion crow, sparrowhawk, water rail, redshank, pheasant, owls, grasshopper warbler and reed bunting. Other animals are bats, deer, mice, otters, common frog, common toad, smooth and palmate newts and water vole.

In color Lopodytes species generally are a range of dusty greyish yellows to browns, shades that combine with their shape to make them inconspicuous in the partly dried tussock grasses that they normally inhabit. They probably are noticed far less often in the field than when they come to lights at night in certain seasons.

M. strategica is endemic to New Zealand. It is known from the southern part of the South Island. It has been recorded in Otatara and at Waituna where it inhabits coastal silver tussock patches at the back of the shingle beach. Other sites in Southland include Brydone, Cannibal Bay, Waipapa Point and Sandy Point.

In intermediate elevations, , grow small shrubs, tussock grasses, and cushions. These include Azorella madreporica, Laretia acaulis, and Stipa spp. In the highest elevations, extending to , grow small forbs, rosettes, and grasses such as Nassauvia lagascae, Oxalis erythrorhiza, Nassauvia pinnigera and Moschopsis leyboldii. The plants on the eastern side do not grow in distinct zones.

This species can be from subalpine altitudes to as low as sea level and are common in areas where they live. They can be found in tussock grasslands and in vegetation that is low down. It is also found in native bush areas, pastures and crops. They are very common in areas like banks peninsula.

The grassland is inhabited by towering endemic tree ferns. Tiny wildflowers grow amongst the tussock grasses including Veronica, Viola and Gaultheria. Streams flow in beds once scoured by glaciers, and wet bogs contain frog species found nowhere else on earth. This is also the domain of the endemic woolly ground cuscus, a species of possum.

All Geodorcus species are mainly nocturnal and hide underneath fallen log stones or leaf litter on the forest floor. At night D. helmsi have been seen active on tree trunks, chewing at the bark to get access to the exudate. This species occupies a highly variable habitat, including forest and tussock- dominated high country.

Since European settlement the area has been subdivided, settled and farmed. A traveller in 1855 noted that the area was highly cultivated. The endangered Growling Grass Frog (Litoria raniformis) has been sighted, though there is only a single record. In some undisturbed areas there is Poa labillardierei (silver tussock) grassland and Themeda triandra (kangaroo grass).

The Buller's albatross is colonial, nesting generally on cliffs, steep coastal terraces, grassy meadows, and tussock covered hills.Marchant, S. & Higgins, P. J. (1990) Birds in the Snares Islands also nest under trees inland. The nest is mound of soil, grass and roots and is set into depressions in the breeding area. Breeding begins in December.

The park preserves remnant areas of rainforest and mangrove forests. Western parts are dominated by dry eucalypt forest containing species such as brush box, forest red gum and grey ironbark. On the seaward facing slopes are Swamp she-oak, native hibiscus tree and Pandanus palms. There are also areas of heathland and tussock grassland.

Victor Leslie George (5 June 1908 – 10 August 1996) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He was born in Winton, New Zealand. His playing position was Prop. Les or 'Tussock' as he was known, played 3 tests for the All Blacks on the 1938 tour of Australia. He also played 66 matches for Southland in the NPC.

Pinus nigra has become naturalised in a few areas of the United States. In New Zealand it is considered an invasive species and noxious weed, along with lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), due to their habitat conversion nature in tussock grassland plant communities, shading out the native bunch grasses as their forest canopy develops.

Nesting takes place between April and July. The female digs a cavity in a dry, sunny area of a bog, and lays her eggs in a grass tussock or on sphagnum moss. The nest is typically deep and around. Like most species of turtle, the bog turtle constructs its nest using its hind feet and claws.

The robin accentor mostly forages on the ground for insects, other invertebrates and seeds. Small groups of birds may feed together. A female often mates with several males, and each male attempts to remove any sperm already present in her cloaca before himself mounting her. The nest is built off the ground in tussock grass, bushes or scrub.

Brachyglottis bellidioides The adult moths prefer open herb and tussock fields in mountainous terrain at altitudes of between 900 and 1200 m. The larvae feed on Brachyglottis bellidioides as well as other grasses and herbs. Endemic plants that M. erichrysa larvae feed on include Festuca novae-zealandiae and indigenous species from the genera Acaena, Muehlenbeckia, Wahlenbergia and Raoulia.

Breeding birds like to nest on ledges and steep slopes covered with low grass, tussock, or mud. They start breeding at 10 years and they have a breeding success rate of 66%. Adults return to the breeding colony in early August and begin laying in late September. The single egg is incubated for around 70 days.

The wet graminoid herbaceous habitat lies between the river riparian and higher ground. The mesic graminoid herbaceous forms the hilly tussock tundra. The dominant vegetation in the valley is of tundras, except in the basin area below Knowles Creek, where it consists of tree species of willows, spruce and birch. The river is well known for its fishing resources.

Nevertheless, some plants occasionally settle there, such as curled leaved neinei, snow totara (Podocarpus nivalis), mountain snowberry (Gaultheria colensoi), bristle tussock (Rytidosperma setifolium), bluegrass and Raoulia albosericea, which cover an area of 165 km2. Between 1700 and 2020 m there are some isolated Parahebe species, Gentiana bellidifolia and buttercups. Above 2200 m live only crustose lichens.

Ten endemic arthropods have been recorded. The vegetation, which includes three endemic plant species, is dominated by tussock-grasses and rushes which are densest towards the foot of the cliffs. Because of the inaccessibility of the cliffs, the vegetation of the cliff- ledges was never grazed by the feral cattle that used to inhabit the island.BirdLife International. (2012).

Eragrostis echinochloidea, (English: African lovegrass; Afrikaans: Krummelgras, "crumb grass") is a species of grass native to South Africa (Limpopo. North West, and Northern Cape provinces). Listed as "safe" (LC) on the SANBI Red List, the plant can also be found in Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia. African lovegrass is a perennial tussock that grows straight and knee-high.

Sunday Island vegetation includes stands of manna gum, coastal banksia, coastal tea tree and golden wattle, with tussock grass and bracken. The island supports swamp wallabies as well as managed populations of the introduced hog deer and fallow deer. The surrounding intertidal mudflats form an important feeding habitat for thousands of migratory waders that visit Corner Inlet each year.

The tops of the mountains are open and tussock covered. Helicopters and light aircraft can land on a rough air strip. Hunting range in the bush is often 50 m or less but in the open tops the range can be much further. The area to the south, around Lake Moawhango is richer in plant life.

Deschampsia cespitosa, commonly known as tufted hairgrass or tussock grass, is a perennial tufted plant in the grass family Poaceae.Jepson Manual. 1993 Distribution of this species is widespread including the eastern and western coasts of North America, parts of South America, Eurasia and Australia. The species is cultivated as an ornamental garden plant, and numerous cultivars are available.

The nest, built by the female, is a neat lined cup constructed less than 2 m up in a bush or large tussock. The female lays a clutch of two or three ruddy- blotched white eggs, which she incubates for 12–14 days. The male helps in feeding the chicks. This species is sometimes parasitised by the bronzed cowbird.

Eragrostis australasica, commonly known as swamp canegrass, is a tussock grass, in the subfamily Chloridoideae of the family Poaceae, that is endemic to Australia. It is a tufted perennial with strongly branched, cane-like culms, that grows up to 2.4 m in height. It is typically found on periodically flooded land in arid and semi-arid regions.

The Ahklun Mountains are dominated by alpine tundra, heath, and barrens, while moist sedge-tussock meadows occur in valley bottoms. Black spruce forest occurs on some hills and ridges. Forests of white spruce, paper birch, and alder cover the low hills along the major rivers. Blackpoll warblers are common breeders in conifer stands in river valleys.

It grows as a tussock from 30 centimetres to a metre high, and up to two metres wide. It has long flat leaves, and green or brown flowers. It is similar in appearance to S. littoreus, but that species has hard, sharp leaves capable of drawing blood, whereas the leaves of S. longifolius are a good deal softer.

The original soil of the grasslands was soft and absorbed rain readily, but heavy continuous stock grazing drove a degradation sequence that shifted the botanical composition of native grasslands from an ecosystem regulated by large, perennial tussock grasses such as Themeda triandra (Kangaroo Grass) to one containing abundant disturbance tolerant native grasses such as Rytidosperma spp.

Entomophaga maimaiga can only potentially affect lepidopteran larvae that are present in the spring, when gypsy moth larvae are present. 78 species which fit this criteria were tested. Only about one-third were able to be infected under optimal conditions. Infection was only consistently high among three species of tussock moths and one colony of a hawk moth.

Born in Waikaka, Southland, 28 km northeast of Gore, on 5 December 1926, Turnbull was educated at Southland Boys' High School. He went on to study at Massey Agricultural College, gaining a Diploma of Agriculture with honours. He became a farmer, and owned and farmed 105 hectares at Tussock Creek, 30 km north of Invercargill from about 1980.

The common tussock butterfly is endemic to New Zealand.(EOL, n.d.)(Pena, 2011)(Fox, 1971) It can be found in the eastern, southern and central regions of New Zealand's South Island, most abundantly in lowland Canterbury, Otago and Southland. Studies have noted A. antipodum apparent absence from all other areas of New Zealand despite suitable habitat being available.

It contains small, scattered trees, giving way to scrub, dwarf shrubs, grasses and herb. Grass páramo grows at altitudes of about and mostly contains tussock grass or bunch grass of Calamagrostis or Festuca species. It also contains a great variety of small herbs. There are also rocky areas and areas of swamp, bog or marsh with unique flora.

Native birds include the yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes), yellowhead or mōhua (Mohoua ochrocephala), and New Zealand rock wren (Xenicus gilviventris). Swamp harriers (Circus approximans) and South Island fernbirds (Bowdleria punctata punctata) inhabit the tussock grasslands. Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) and New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) live on the shore.

The narrow-nosed Planigale prefers an open less densely vegetated area (Read, 1987). They can often be found in tussock grassland and low shrubland with cracking clay soils so as to inhabit the soil cavities. (Moss, 1988)Moss, G., D. Croft. 1988. Behavioral mechanisms of microhabitat selection and competition among three species of arid zone Dasyurid marsupial.

Lymantria xylina, the casuarina moth or casuarina tussock moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Charles Swinhoe in 1903. It is found in Japan, Taiwan and the Chinese provinces of Fujian and Guangdong. It is a very important forest pest in Taiwan, with outbreaks occurring every five to ten years.

A species of Lagorchestes, hare-wallaby are small members of the family Macropodidae. The spectacled hare-wallaby is found across northern Australia in tropical tussock or spinifex habitats. It can be found from Queensland to Western Australia. In 1997, it was discovered in the savanna country of southwest Papua New Guinea, in the upper Bensbach River area.

It may reach a height of , however it is most commonly between 10–50 cm tall. The species has a poorly developed rhizome and produces a compact tussock. The morphology of the cataphylls can vary from hairless to bearing hair like projections. Cataphylls are often either shiny or leathery and may be oval shaped or tapered.

The lake was named for Dorothy Kathleen Mahinerangi Burnett. She was the daughter of William Burnett, who was mayor of Dunedin in 1911 and 1912. The lake has a maximum length of , and lies on the western side of Maungatua, above and to the west of the Berwick Forest. It is surrounded by farmland, tussock grasslands, and plantation forest.

Determining the sexual behaviour of spotless crake is difficult due to their shy nature and dense vegetation which restricts observations. Kaufmann observed the mating of spotless crakes at Pukepuke Lagoon where the make and female circled a patch of tussock sedge (C. secta) then stood on it. The female arched her body with the bill facing down.

Geophaps species are ground feeding granivores, with studies finding that seeds make up their diet almost entirely, with a small number of insects found in the crops of Geophaps smithii. While the Spinifex pigeon is found in arid tussock/spinifex grasslands, the spinifex grass seeds have not been found to make up a large portion of their diet.

The more robust and stocky Maaminga marrisi, which is polymorphic for wing size (brachyterous, fully winged), appears to be associated with coastal scrub, and forest, particularly on offshore islands, but is also found in alpine snow tussock. Maamingidae was placed within the Proctotrupoidea, but was later moved to the superfamily Diaprioidea along with Diapriidae and Monomachidae.

The West Sabine drains Lake Constance and the Blue Lake. The two branches join at the Sabine Forks, and flow into Lake Rotoroa. Apart from the upper reaches, which is open tussock and scrub, the river is set within unmodified beech forest. It is not a navigable river due to the rocky cascades along most of its length.

The light green, scabrous leaves have a ovate to lanceolate shape. The leaf blade is in length and wide. The species is found among vine thickets and tussock grasslands in the Kimberley region of Western Australia where it grows in skeletal sandy soils over laterite or sandstone. It is also found in Queensland, Victoria and New South Wales.

The Nobbies, Phillip Island, Australia The area has a temperate climate, with cool wet winters (June – August) and hot and dry summers (December – February). The majority of rainfall occurs in winter, with between 500mm and 1100mm per year, and the area is exposed to the full force of southwest gales. Vegetation communities are determined by wind exposure, salt-spray, soil composition, geology, presence of seabird colonies and past land management practices. Ecological vegetation classes on the plateau include Grassy Woodland and Coastal Tussock Grassland; the steep, exposed coastal cliffs of the peninsula consist of Coastal Tussock Grassland and Coastal Dune Scrub, and extensive areas of Bird Colony Succulent Herbland are found on the southern cliff faces and cliff tops among Little penguin and short-tailed shearwater colonies, including the Nobbies.

The birds inhabit dense riparian vegetation along riverbanks, subject to flooding and dominated by mountain swamp gum with a dense understorey of scented paperbark and woolly tea-tree, and of sedges and tussock grasses.McMahon & Franklin (1993). Historically, the honeyeaters have also occupied manna gum riparian forest. Key habitat elements include the presence of decorticating (peeling) bark, closely spaced eucalypt stems and dense undergrowth.

They feed predominantly on cephalopod and to a lesser extent fish (unlike other albatross species they are not recorded eating any crustaceans), and have been recorded visiting the spawning grounds of the giant cuttlefish off New South Wales. They nest on ridges, slopes, or plateaus, and will build their nest in the open or within patchy vegetation, such as tussock grassland.

Brachaspis nivalis is common in rocky montane areas with scattered plants (unlike B. collinus which are mostly found in tussock grass in the Nelson region). The elevational range of B. nivalis is between 600 and 2000 metres above mean sea level. The distribution of B. nivalis is widespread at high elevation in South Island New Zealand from Marlborough, Canterbury and north Otago.

Alfred Albert Thomas William Adams (24 June 1842 - 1 June 1919), known as Thomas William Adams, was a New Zealand farmer, forester, churchman and educationalist. He was born in Graveley, Cambridgeshire, England on 24 June 1842. In 1862 he emigrated to New Zealand on the African. He bought of virgin tussock land at Greendale in Canterbury in 1865 and converted them to farmland.

110 It commonly cohabits with other species of fairywren, including the purple-backed fairy-wren (M. lamberti assimilis). White-winged fairywrens often inhabit heathlands or treeless shrublands dominated by saltbush (Atriplex) and small shrubs of the genus Maireana, or grasses such as tussock grass (Triodia) and cane-grass (Zygochloa), as well as floodplain areas vegetated with lignum (Muehlenbeckia florulenta). M. l.

The IBA lies on sandy and clay loam soils that support open tussock grasslands and chenopod shrublands, with stands of river redgums on drainage courses. The three properties have a history of extensive grazing by livestock and by feral herbivores. Boolcoomatta, formerly a sheep station but since 2006 a private protected area has been owned and managed by Bush Heritage Australia.

Pterostylis pratensis, commonly known as the Liawenee greenhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Tasmania. Both flowering and non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves lying flat on the ground. Flowering plants have up to twelve crowded white flowers with prominent green stripes. This greenhood only grows in low, exposed subalpine tussock grassland.

Like all albatrosses, the Indian yellow-nosed albatross is a colonial breeder. It breeds annually, and the adults begin breeding at the age of eight years. A mud nest is built in bare rocky areas or in tussock grass or ferns,Brooke M. (2004) and a single egg is laid. The nesting season begins in August, with laying occurring around September/October.

Indigenous floral species include the silver wattle, samphire, lightwood, blackwood, black she-oak, river red gum, spike wattle, hedge wattle, scrub she-oak, jagged fireweed, silver top wallaby grass, Australian salt grass and the blue tussock grass. Non-indigenous floral species include the sheep's burr, angled onion, lesser joyweed, broom spurge, common swamp wallaby grass, pointed centrolepis, common spikerush and small spikerush.

Dianella brevicaulis, commonly known as the Coast Flax-lily, is a tufted, rhizomatous, perennial herb with fibrous roots and blue-purple flowers. Its long leaves form a soft, green tussock which conceal the flowering stems. It grows to 0.5 m in height and prefers sandy soils. It is native to southern Australia where it is usually found in coastal and subcoastal habitats.

T. pinguicolla is endemic to the state of Victoria in southeastern Australia. As with the other grassland earless dragons, it is restricted to areas of temperate grassland with tussock and smaller grasses. Very little of this habitat remains in Victoria due to the heavy degradation and conversion of this habitat in the past, which has contributed to the species' endangerment.

Red tussock (Chionochloa rubra) is a most adaptable vegetation which will grow in the exposed and windy environment. It can tolerate low-nutritious, and also can grow in relatively wet or dry soil conditions. (Cockayne, 1958; Metcalf, 1998). It is harsh enough to use one individual specimen plant however, if space allowed, would be better for planted several as a group.

Red tussock (Chionochloa rubra) is a useful vegetation for helping to reestablish wildlife habitat, especially useful as a buffer plant around wetland areas. (Metcalf, 1998). While the Chionochloa rubra can be slow growing and prefers more cooler, wet and less humid climates. Though once established it is very resistant plan and can take plenty of abuse due to its hardy texture.

Vegetation is mainly grass and tussock (as it is under a pastoral lease) with trees near the waterline. Hidden Island is one of four islands in Lake Wakatipu and sits very close to the shoreline of Cecil Peak. On 27 March 2010 a local band performed an outdoor concert in a natural amphitheatre on the peak playing songs from the band Pink Floyd.

When the head had hit the ground, it bit a tussock of grass which showed how ferocious Starkad was. Hather did not want the old warrior to lie unburied, but showed him respect by making a barrow for him on the heath of Roljung, at the same spot where Starkad's heavy body long ago had made an imprint on a stone.

Dasychira basiflava, the yellow-based tussock, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Alpheus Spring Packard in 1865. It is found in North America from Massachusetts and southern Ontario west to Iowa, Texas, south to South Carolina and possibly Florida. The wingspan is 30–39 mm for males and 42–54 mm for females.

The birds are present year round at Heard Island, where they breed annually in colonies. Courtship takes place from late August to early October. Nests are mounds built largely of the stipes, roots and adhering soil of the tussock grass Poa cookii and average about 22 cm high, with a minimum distance between nests of 50 cm.Green (1997a), pp.61-62.

The original vegetation includes open sclerophyll forests in areas with higher rainfall and well-drained soils, and open woodlands and shrublands in drier areas. low shrubland (heath) grew in sandy soils and stabilized dunes. Open woodlands of river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) are found in seasonally-waterlogged areas. Swamps and wet meadows of the tussock sedge Gahnia grow in the wettest areas.

Cherry Lake and nearby Truganina Swamp are habitat for the native sedge, chaffy sawsedge (Gahnia filum). The sedgefields provide food and habitat for the endangered Altona skipper butterfly (Hesperilla flavescens flavescens). The lake and associated salt marsh vegetation provides habitat for pelicans, black swans and purple swamphens. Weed control is carried out on a regular basis, targeting spiny rush, serrated tussock and boxthorn.

Orgyia pseudotsugata, the Douglas-fir tussock moth, is a moth of the subfamily Lymantriinae first described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1921. It is found in western North America. Its population periodically irrupts in cyclical outbreaks. The caterpillars feed on the needles of Douglas fir, true fir, and spruce in summer, and moths are on the wing from July or August to November.

Breeding normally starts in early April, finishing in late August depending on location and altitude. The species is monogamous. The nest is built using twigs, grass and reeds lined with finer materials such as hair, moss and rootlets in a bush or reed tussock. 4–5 olive-grey eggs are laid, which show the hair-like markings characteristic of those of buntings.

Carex aquatilis is a species of sedge known as water sedge and leafy tussock sedge. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northern reaches of the Northern Hemisphere. It grows in many types of mountainous and arctic habitat, including temperate coniferous forest, alpine meadows, tundra, and wetlands. There are several varieties of this species, and it is somewhat variable in appearance.

The male flies in a zigzag pattern—often high up in search of females—and is active during the day or at night. Males occasionally come to light. In New Brunswick, adult males are attracted to pheromone traps set in commercial forests for white-marked tussock moth (O. leucostigma). The female is flightless, spending her brief life attached to her cocoon.

Halysidota cinctipes, the gartered halysidota or Florida tussock moth, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1865. It is found on Cuba, Haiti, the Bahamas and in the US states of Florida, Texas, Arizona and California. The range possibly extends through Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Panama to Venezuela, Brazil and Peru.

The black-throated coucal is a skulking bird, being reluctant to emerge from the undergrowth. It feeds on or near the ground, the diet consisting of insects, spiders and small frogs. The nest is a ball of dried grasses and leaves lined with green leaves and about in diameter. It is built close to the ground in a bush or tussock of grass.

The nest is built in a slight depression on the ground often concealed in a grass tussock or thick vegetation. It is built by both birds from dried grasses and stems, dead leaves and sometimes feathers. It may be partially roofed with dead leaves and sometimes is approached by a covered runway. A clutch of about four, heavily blotched eggs is laid.

This refers to the song of the common grasshopper warbler and some others in this genus. The specific fluviatilis is Latin for "of a river". This small passerine bird is a species found in dense deciduous vegetation close to water in bogs or near a river. Five to seven eggs are laid in a nest in a tussock or on the ground.

Giant Snails known as Powelliphanta spedeni are found in the Green Lake area of the Hunter Mountains. The skink species Oligosoma nigriplantare polychroma (related to the Chatham Islands skink) inhabit the tussock grasslands areas from Lake Manapouri to Lake Monowai. The Short Horned Grasshopper Alpinacris tumidicauda ranges throughout the Hunter Mountains. The endemic moth species Pyrgotis consentiens is found in the Hunter Mountains.

Strongylopus kitumbeine (common name: Kitumbeine stream frog) is a species of frogs in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is endemic to Tanzania and only known from its type locality, Mount Kitumbeine. The species lives at elevations of above sea level along semi-permanent and seasonal streams and around temporary pools in montane Juniperus forests and tussock grasslands. It survives also in heavily disturbed forest.

Butler's ringlet is confined to the subalpine zone in the South Island. It has been identified at only a few sites along the main divide of the Southern Alps. It favours subalpine terraces at altitudes of 900 to 1300 m in areas of snow-tussock with Hebe and Dracophyllum shrubs. Its preferred locations are often damp, almost boggy, or next to mountain lakes.

Hurstville NSW: Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW). pp. 294-295. This area of north-west New South Wales, the Sand Plain Mulga Shrublands, supports an open cover of shrubs and tussock grasses. A. ligulata is found on sand dunes, on the fringes of salt lakes, on floodplains,Florabank. Retrieved June 2012 in mulga and bluebush communities, in woodlands, in mallee communities.

The olive grass mouse is mostly diurnal. In grassy habitats, it creates runways and makes a nest of grasses in a tussock, among roots or under a rock. It can climb and also dig, and in Chile it sometimes occupies burrows made by other mammals such as the coruro (Spalacopus cyanus). It feeds on berries, seeds, shoots, leaves, fungi and small invertebrates.

Eloria noyesi, the coca tussock moth, is a moth of the subfamily Lymantriinae first described by Schaus in 1927. It is beige and its larvae feed on coca plants. It is found mostly in Peru and Colombia. The government of Colombia has proposed a plan to release large numbers of these moths to destroy the coca crops in their country.

Lophocampa maculata, the spotted tussock moth, mottled tiger or spotted halisidota, is a moth of the family Erebidae and the tribe Arctiini, the tiger moths. The species was first described by Thaddeus William Harris in 1841. It is found across Canada, the western parts of the United States, south in the Appalachians to South Carolina and Kentucky. The wingspan is 35–45 mm.

Gahnia sieberiana was described by German botanist Carl Sigismund Kunth in 1837. It is one of the many species named in honour of the Bohemian collector, Franz Wilhelm Sieber. Gahnia sieberiana grows as a tall strappy tussock to high and wide, with rough flat leaves. The leaf margins have tiny serrations that are sharp and can cut the hands of those handling the plant.

McSaveney, M.J., Glassey, P.J. 2002. The fatal Cleft Peak debris flow of 3 January 2002, Upper Rees Valley, West Otago Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences science report 2002/03. 28 p. The Rees valley is covered in indigenous tussock grasses and forest and is a popular location for recreational fly fishing, pack rafting and hiking, including the 4–5 day hike on the Dart-Rees Track.

Below lies the valley where are the A736 and Loch Libo, a Scottish Wildlife Trust Site Of Special Scientific Interest, the winter home of flocks of whooper swans. At the end of the loch is an area of large tussock sedges and on the far side is a striking waterfall among more woodland. The old hamlet of Shillford lies towards Neilston on the A736.

The Memory Tree (1997), Call of the Cruins (2000) and Tussock (2011) were shortlisted for the New Zealand Post Children's Book Awards. Finding Monkey Moon was shortlisted in two categories (the Picture Book award and the Russell Clark Illustration Award) in the 2016 New Zealand Book Awards for Children and Young Adults. In 2007, she was awarded the 2007 Ohau House Writer’s Retreat residency.

Alder grows in the carrs in the valley, albeit threatened at times by spruce and beech, and in the wet meadows deer fern, milk parsley, yellow flag and marsh marigold thrive. Cranberries, bog pondweed, tussock sedge, bogbean, cottongrass, water lilies, marsh gentian and bog arum also grow richly here. One feature of the valley is the occurrence of the fungi, alder bracket and lilac milk cap.

This moth has been observed as frequenting tussock and scrubby areas that have the fern Polystichum vestitum present. The larvae of A. helias have been reared in captivity on forest herbs including Cardamine and Ranunculus species. Larvae have also been found feeding from species within these genera in the wild. The larvae of A. helias have also adapted to feeding on an exotic buttercup.

Chionochloa flavescens, known as broad-leaved snow tussock or haumata in Māori. Endemic to New Zealand, there are several different sub species that look very similar. The leaves which are up to one centimetre wide is larger than most tussocks similar to it. The flower-plumes of about 30 cm appear around December/January and are quite open compared to C. conspicua and C. flavicans.

It comprises an area of of central Arnhem Land, in the Top End of the Northern Territory. This Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) bioregion is generally flat, low-lying coastlands, drained by several large rivers. Vegetation communities include eucalypt forest and woodlands with tussock grass and hummock grass understorey. Land use is mixed, with urban development around , Aboriginal land, pastoral leases and conservation reserves.

Gahnia filum, the chaffy saw-sedge, is a tussock-forming perennial in the family Cyperaceae, endemic to Australia. It grows to between 60 and 110 cm in height. The species occurs in coastal salt marsh in the states of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. The caterpillar of the Altona Skipper butterfly uses this species for shelter during daylight hours, binding the leaves with silk.

Occurring on dry, fertile sites, the vegetation structure is usually open with heights of 15 to 41 metres. Soil is usually dolerite and flats are subject to frost and cold air-drainage. The shrub layer is sparse and a dense, species rich ground layer of grasses and herbs is present. Typical species include tussock grass, kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra), wallaby grass (Austrodanthonia sp.) and sagg (Lomandra longifolia).

Gahnia trifida, the coastal saw-sedge, is a tussock-forming perennial in the family Cyperaceae, endemic to southern Australia. A herb, sedge or grass-like, with very rough leaf margins and underside. The species grows in dense tussocks, 1.5 metres and 1 metre across, with leaves over 1 metre long and drooping. It is found on white or grey sand, or clay, that may be saline.

The head of Eriophorum vaginatum Eriophorum vaginatum is a 30– to 60-cm-high tussock-forming plant with extremely narrow, almost hair-like leaves. On the flowering stems there is a single, inflated leaf-sheath, without a lamina, hence the species epithet ("sheath" is "vagina" in latin). The inflorescence is a dense, tufted, solitary, spike. Fruiting stems elongate considerably, reaching well above the leaves.

He owned steamers and was milling in The Catlins. He started to manufacture paper, but was unsuccessful in making it from tussock grasses. He moved to Timaru for some years and was a director of a number of companies, including a major shareholder in the New Zealand Shipping Company. After a long visit to England from 1881, he returned to Dunedin to live in St Clair.

Alpine grasslands are dominated by tussock grasses, such as Deschampsia nubigena, Eragrostis atropioides, Panicum tenuifolium, and pili uka (Trisetum glomeratum). Deserts occur on the coldest and driest peaks, where only extremely hardy plants such as āhinahina (Argyroxiphium sandwicense) and Dubautia species are able to grow. The nēnē (Branta sandvicensis) is one of the few birds found in alpine shrublands, while uau (Pterodroma sandwichensis) nest in this ecoregion.

Like the rufous-vented grass babbler, this species skulks low in grass tussocks, hopping and threading its way through, often in small groups, feeding on insects. It usually holds its tail slightly cocked. When it flies, something that is hard to cause, it goes only to a nearby tussock. It is easiest to find in the breeding season, when it sings in the mornings and evenings.

Continuing on a gravel road over hilly terrain, this section takes in the southern shore of Lake Pukaki and the hydro-electric system of the area around Twizel once on sealed roads. Towards Twizel, the cycle trail leads across Pukaki Flats, an area of tussock grasslands typical for the Mackenzie basin. Twizel is the largest town along the cycle path until the end at Oamaru.

In a survey of the island in 1976, it was found to have rats and "possibly the only pristine stand of Chionochloa antarctica" (a tussock grass) in the area, according to naturalists. Arthropod surveys were also made and none reported other than a Wētā.Foggo, M.N. and Colin D. Meurk. "Notes on a Visit to Jacquemart Island in the Campbell Island Group," New Zealand Journal of Ecology, Vol.

Males at Coronado National Memorial In fall, Montezuma quail do not form large groups, as most American quail do. An average covey consists of eight birds, just parents and their offspring, although coveys bigger than 25 birds have been reported. At night, birds in a covey roost on southeast-facing slopes, gathered around a rock or tussock, facing outward. These birds are quite sedentary.

Plants such as dog's mercury, tussock grass, bluebells and honeysuckle are indicators of old deciduous woodlands. Snowdrops are a highlight of spring in the park. A few specimen trees from the estate days survive, especially sycamores (Acer pseudoplatanus) or plane trees as they are traditionally known in Scotland. The park is one of the relatively few sites in Scotland where the upright hedge bedstraw (Galium album) grows.

Poa affinis is a tussock grass, found near Sydney and the Blue Mountains in Australia. A moderately common plant found growing on soils based on sandstone.Les Robinson - Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, page 274 It first appeared in scientific literature in 1810, in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae, authored by the prolific Scottish botanist, Robert Brown. The specific epithet affinis means "similar to others".

Much of Boolcoomatta is flat, with undulating ranges and rocky outcrops in the western section of the property. The ranges support open Acacia woodland while the plains to the east support shrublands of chenopods, including saltbush, as well as tussock grassland. Usually dry creeks, with occasional waterholes, are lined with river red Gums. The climate is arid, with an average annual rainfall of 190 mm.

In chaparral the plants are often shrubbier and more aromatic, such as African sage (Artemisia afra) and sugarbush (Protea kilimanjaro). These habitats may be prone to fire. Herbs found in the heathland and chaparral zone are gentians (Swertia spp.) and large tussock sedges (Carex spp.), with alpine species living higher up in the zone. Animals in this zone are a mixture of forest and alpine species.

The spotted nightjar occurs in a variety of habitats from deserts to mangroves, generally preferring warmer, drier country than areas with more humid, cooler climates. Habitat types include savannah woodland; low open sclerophyll forest; mallee; mulga and acacia scrubland as well as spinifex and tussock grasslands. The species has also been recorded in relatively harsh environments including gibber plains, semi deserts and deserts.Hollands, D. (2008).

Cyathochaeta equitans is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia. The perennial sedge typically grows to a height of with a tussock- like habit. The plant blooms between January and February producing brown flowers. In Western Australia it is found mostly along the coast in the Wheatbelt, Peel, South West, Great Southern and Goldfields-Esperance regions where it grows in sandy soils.

When Macquarie Island was discovered in 1810 the parrots were widespread in tussock grassland and abundant on the shoreline, feeding on invertebrates in beach- washed seaweed. Despite the introduction of dogs and cats to the island by 1820, as well as being hunted for food by sealers, the parrots remained common there until about 1880.Taylor, R.H. (1979). How the Macquarie Parakeet became extinct.

The red-throated pipit is native to the boreal regions of northern Europe and Asia. The breeding habitat is open country including mountains, marshland and tundra. The nest is built on the ground, often beside a tussock of grass, on rough grassland or on a hummock in a marsh. It is made of dry grasses and sedges with a soft lining of reindeer hair or down.

The amount of vegetation in the tundra consists on how much sun, or snow cover is in the area. The vegetation in this area may grow as tall as . In the southern part of the Arctic, there tend to be more shrubs whereas the northern parts there is less plant cover. In wet areas of the tundra, there is tussock grasses and cotton grasses.

This species is endemic to the southern tip of South America. Its range extends from southern Argentina and central Chile, including Mocha Island and Chiloé Island, to the Strait of Magellan. Its habitat is the forests of Nothofagus, Saxegothaea and bamboo found in this region, as well as tussock grassland, marshes and wet meadows; its altitudinal range is from sea level to the tree line.

Dubatolov published an article in 1997 in which he mentioned doubting the taxonomic distinctiveness of G. lugens from G. rossii, based on the identical wing pattern and the morphology of the genitalia. In 2015 Lukhtanov and Khruleva subsumed it under G. rossii as a subspecies based on DNA and morphological research. It has been placed in the subfamily Lymantriinae (the tussock moths) and the tribe Orgyiini.

The Coat of arms of the Falkland Islands notably includes an image of tussock grass. Moody returned to England in February 1849. Moody Brook is named after him.Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Richard Clement Moody With the establishment of the deep-water anchorage and improvements in port facilities, Stanley saw a dramatic increase in the number of visiting ships in the 1840s in part due to the California Gold Rush.

Here also are the red-winged tinamou which prefers open ground with some scrub, and the Andean tinamou which prefers dense vegetation beside streams. Their habitat extends upslope through the Polylepis woodlands into puna grassland. In the puna is another subspecies of Darwin's nothura, Nothura darwinii agassizii, which prefers tussock grassland. Also in the puna is the ornate tinamou which frequents the rocky slopes and cliffs of tola heath.

The breeding season is in summer and nests are built in shrubs near dense stands of trees. The nest is placed in the middle of a shrub and sometimes on the ground in a dense tussock. The typical nest is a loose and large ball like with an entrance on the side but is sometimes cup like with an open top. The nest is built mainly by the female.

Hedge woundwort is plentiful, as are wild angelica (Angelica sylvestris) is plentiful, as are Hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica), yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus), and reed canary grass, (Phalaris arundinacea). The open water area exhibits yellow pond-lily (Nuphar lutea). Wild angelica, reedmace (bullrush), yellow meadow vetchling, Yorkshire fog grass, tussock grass, and meadowsweet were also noted and Brooklime speedwell grows within the ditch of the Joppa Burn inflow.

Marshland plants include tufted forget-me-not, water mint, pink water-speedwell, common spike-rush, amphibious bistort and the rare greater tussock-sedge. A relatively large number of species of dragonfly and damselfly are recorded, as well as good populations of southern aeshna, common sympetrum and common blue damselfly. The emperor dragonfly visits occasionally. Patches of nettle and thistle attract many butterflies and teasel attracts brimstones and encourages goldfinches.

As of 1996, a shrubland dominated by marsh saltbush grows in the deeper soil present on most of the upper platform. Tussock grass and nitre bush is present in locations where thinner soils lying over underlying ridges of rock. Heath bluebush dominates the thinner exposed soils on the island’s perimeter. Weed species were represented by African box thorn, common iceplant, and grasses such as red brome and rat's-tail fescue.

Diuris protena is a tuberous, perennial herb with between four and eight linear leaves long and wide in a loose tussock. Up to three flowers wide are borne on a flowering stem tall. The flowers are pale yellow with a few light brown markings at the base of the dorsal sepal and labellum. The dorsal sepal is held more or less horizontally and is egg-shaped, long and wide.

The breeding season is in summer and nests are built in shrubs near dense stands of trees. The nest is placed in the middle of a shrub and sometimes on the ground in a dense tussock. The typical nest is a loose and large ball like with an entrance on the side but is sometimes cup like with an open top. The nest is built mainly by the female.

Carex emoryi, the riverbank tussock sedge or Emory's sedge, is a species of sedge native to Canada, the United States, and the states of Chihuahua and Coahuila in northern Mexico.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Distinctive truncate ligule of Carex emoryi It grows along the banks of rivers and streams. It also occurs on sand and gravel bars in streams. It spreads by means of underground rhizomes.

This pampas grass, Cortaderia jubata, has long, thin, razor-edged leaves forming a large bunch grass tussock from which the eye-catching inflorescences arise. At the top of a stem several meters in height is an inflorescence of plumelike spikelets. These panicles are pink or purplish when new and they gradually turn cream or white. Each inflorescence is packed full of fruits which develop despite the plant's having never been fertilized.

The feeding ecology of adult G. helmsi may be highly variable: they occupy a wide range of habitats from forest to the tussock zone in the high country. Adults have been observed on tree trunks feeding on sappy exudate from wounds in the bark. Larvae of other lucanid beetles commonly eat the surface of rotting wood. Geodorcus larvae have been observed to have large quantities of humus inside their gut.

Almost all ornamental grasses are perennials, coming up in spring, from their roots, which have stored large quantities of energy, and in fall or winter go dormant. Some, notably bamboos, are evergreen, and a few are annuals. Many are bunch grasses and tussock grasses, though others form extensive systems of many-branched rhizomes. The bunching types are often called "clump-forming" or "clumping", distinct from the rhizomatous types, called "running".

Chikku Chikku (Hypochaeris sessiliflora) The páramo contains high altitude tussock grassland, thicket, bogs and marshes. Vegetation on the northern side receives more rain and is rougher than the vegetation on the southern side, which is protected from the trade winds. 125 species of angiosperms have been recorded that are endemic to the Sierra Nevada, of which 61 are found only in the páramo. 135 genera of vascular plants have been recorded.

Diuris gregaria is a tuberous, perennial herb which often grows in densely crowded tufts of up to thirty plants. Each has between three and seven narrow linear leaves long and wide in a loose tussock. One or two bright yellow flowers with a few short, dark striations, wide are borne on a flowering stem tall. The dorsal is egg-shaped and held close to horizontally, long and wide.

3: 36 Cynanchum laeve is a vining perennial herb native to eastern and central U.S. states and Ontario. Common names include sand vine, honeyvine, honeyvine milkweed, bluevine milkweed, climbing milkweed, and smooth swallow-wort. The root system of C. laeve can cause it to be very difficult to eradicate, especially in agricultural fields. It is a larval food of monarch butterfliesKansas Native Plants: Butterfly Gardening and milkweed tussock moth larvae.

In dry weather the Mozambique rain frog conceals itself under rocks or in hidden places among tree roots. It feeds on small invertebrates. After substantial rainfall, swarms of winged termites occur and these frogs emerge in large numbers to feed on them. The Mozambique rain frog lays a small clutch of about twenty-two yolk-rich eggs in a spherical chamber under leaf litter or a grass tussock.

Calliteara pudibunda, the pale tussock, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in Europe, Anatolia, Caucasus, western Siberia, eastern Transbaikalia and the Amur basin in south-eastern Russia, Korea, China and northern Vietnam. The Dutch common name for the moth (Meriansborstel) comes from the butterfly and insect painter Maria Sibylla Merian.

Indigenous plant species such as Banks Peninsula hebe inhabit rock crevices along with rare ferns. The more exposed hillsides are covered with silver tussock and other native grasses, unusually so for an area so close to urban development. The remaining podocarp forest contains 500- to 600-year-old matai, totara and kahikatea trees as well as fruit and flowering species such as kowhai, ribbonwood, mahoe, cabbage trees, kanuka and fuchsia.

It has continuous vegetation and plant cover with a "yellowish to olive–brown" look due to the combination of dead and living grasses. The grass páramo extends from approximately , and is composed of mostly tussock-grasses and bunch-grasses. Calamagrostis intermedia and other grasses of the genera Calamagrostis and Festuca tend to dominate this zone. Other common vegetation includes large and small shrubs, stunted trees, cushion plants, herbs, and rosette plants.

A royal penguin rookery on Macquarie Island The flora has taxonomic affinities with other subantarctic islands, especially those south of New Zealand. Plants rarely grow over 1 m in height, though the tussock- forming grass Poa foliosa can grow up to 2 m tall in sheltered areas. There are over 45 vascular plant species and more than 90 moss species, as well as many liverworts and lichens. Woody plants are absent.

Lophocampa annulosa, the Santa Ana tussock moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1855. It is found in southern Texas, southern Arizona,mothphotographersgroup Mexico, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, Suriname, Brazil, Argentina and Trinidad.Lophocampa annulosa at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms Adults are tan with chainlike light brown markings and a brown line with a small white dot.

Because of this vulnerability, this species is rated as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List. Fires of tussock grass, which were recorded in 1872 and 1909, are assumed to have killed large numbers of rails, but have not occurred since. In the 1950s they were highly sought after for scientific collections, but permits to do so were rarely granted. Several conservation measures have been undertaken or proposed to protect this species.

Grey petrels return to their breeding grounds in February and March and build a burrow for a nest. These burrows are on well-drained ground, overrun with Poa tussock grass, typically on steep terrain. By late March or early April, they lay their one egg, with both birds incubating it. After hatching, the chick is cared for by both birds until it fledges between late September and early December.

These rocky islands support a variety of plant life, such as tussock grasses, that has adapted to the snowy and icy conditions. There are a number of endemic plant species including Poa cookii grass and the Kerguelen cabbage (Pringlea antiscorbutica), historically a source of vitamin C for sailors, is found on all the islands, not only the Kerguelens. There are also a number of endemic lichens and liverworts.

In 1990, all of New Zealand's notes were redesigned. The new $20 note featured Queen Elizabeth II and the New Zealand Parliament Buildings on the obverse, while the reverse featured a New Zealand Alpine scene, containing a kārearea (Falco novaeseelandiae), Marlborough rock daisy (Pachystegia insignis), Flowering red tussock (Chionchloa rubra) and Mount Tapuaenuku. This note is different from the fourth series because it was issued in cotton not polymer.

This refers to the song of the common grasshopper warbler and some others in this genus. The specific lanceolata is Latin for "spear-shaped" and refers to the streaks on the breast. This small passerine bird is a species found in grassland with some thicker shrubby vegetation or trees, often close to water in bogs or wet clearings. Five eggs are laid in a nest in a tussock.

The breeding season appears to be March to May but nests have been seen in July and September and the bird is suspected to raise two broods. The nest is a ball of coarse grass blades with an entrance on the side and placed low in a tussock of long grass. The eggs are white with spot and blotches of brownish red. The usual clutch is about 2 or 3 eggs.

In terms of dwarf shrubs, blueberry and lingonberry thrive in the heath forests. Wood cranesbill and dwarf cornel as well as many other rare species of moss and fungi grow in the moist old-growth forests. In addition to fells and coniferous forests, mires are a typical landscape in Pallas-Yllästunturi National Park. Many wetland plants, such as Labrador tea, tussock cottongrass, cloudberry and bog bilberry, do well in mires.

A rarer recessive trait brings out a reddish coat, which is unpopular due to blending in to tussock and dry summer grass. The breed requires an agrarian environment and are generally not intended to be kept as house pets. New Zealand Heading Dogs are extremely intelligent, active dogs with instinct to herd animals; if left alone for too long, they may try to escape and/or herd small animals or children.

Geodorcus species on mainland New Zealand are associated with rotten logs, but these are absent from Stack H. The Mokohinau Islands are generally very arid, with poor moisture retention. This beetle burrows into a peat-like layer of soil formed by New Zealand ice plant (Disphyma australe). It has also been found under rocks, in the tussock grass Chionochloa bromoides, and in the leaf litter beneath coastal pohutukawa.

An entrance to a burrow is often located at the base of a grass tussock or other plant, the roots of which stabilise the earth, and is loosely plugged with soil when the mouse is inside. In one of the burrows is a nest chamber. This has food stores round the edge and a nest of grass, small twigs and husks at one side. In Texas, breeding takes place between March and November.

The different forms of the male (top) and female (bottom) tussock moth Orgyia recens is an example of sexual dimorphism in insects. Other developmental and reproductive variations include haplodiploidy, polymorphism, paedomorphosis or peramorphosis, sexual dimorphism, parthenogenesis and more rarely hermaphroditism. In haplodiploidy, which is a type of sex-determination system, the offspring's sex is determined by the number of sets of chromosomes an individual receives. This system is typical in bees and wasps.

Home range size is gender dependent, averaging about for males and for females. However, research has shown that densities can range from 5 to 125 individuals per . The range of the bog turtle extensively overlaps that of its relative, the wood turtle. Rushes, tussock sedge, cattails, jewelweed, sphagnum, and various native true grasses are found in the bog turtle's habitat, as well as some shrubs and trees such as willows, red maples, and alders.

By the 1970s, only one population remained, a group of about 100 based on the northwest side of Port Ross, in the north-east of the main island. Browsing by goats caused significant damage to lowland tussock Chinochloa antarctica in particular. In 1986 and 1987, over 60 animals were removed from the island for captive breeding in New Zealand. A decision was made to eradicate the remaining animals, an operation which was completed by 1992.

In Parkes, John; Henzell, Robert; Pickles, Greg (1996). Managing Vertebrate Pests: Feral Goats. Canberra: Australia Government Publishing Service. serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma), St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and thistles (family Asteraceae). They are particularly useful for controlling heavy weed infestations in difficult terrain. In Parkes, John; Henzell, Robert; Pickles, Greg (1996). Managing Vertebrate Pests: Feral Goats. Canberra: Australia Government Publishing Service. Goats have a preference for such weeds over other pasture species.

The ground flora is diverse and includes greater tussock-sedge Carex paniculata and opposite-leaved goldensaxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium. Other more commonly occurring woodland types are represented within the SSSI, associated with the middle and upper slopes of the gullies. These areas contain species typical for semi-natural ancient woodland including hard shield-fern (Polystichum aculeatum) and Solomon's-seal (Polygonatum multiflorum). A well vegetated pond is located on the north side of Best Gully.

A overview of the S. australis habitat. Mount Armstrong Sigaus australis can be found in the lower half of the South Island, from Otago and Canterbury regions. It can be found as far south as the Kawarau River () and as far north as the Torless Range (). Sigaus australis prefer tussock grasslands between in altitude, however, can be found as low as on the Alexandra Tailings, () and as high as on Smite Peak ().

P. gunnii specimen collected from Mt. Field at an altitude of 1200 m. Photo: Frank Bird Poa gunnii is a Tasmanian endemic tussock grass considered one of the most abundant and common in alpine and subalpine environments from about 800 m to above 1400 m. However it can be found to near sea level in the south of the island state where a cooler climate is prevalent. The genus Poa belongs to the family Poaceae.

In 1945 he moved to the University of Manchester as lecturer in botany. At Manchester, he cultivated a wide array of research interests, ranging from the taxonomy of liverworts and stinging nettles, the causes of spatial pattern in dune plants, the quantitative morphology and tussock formation of Ammophila arenaria (a dune grass), and the biogeographic distribution of liverworts to understand the fate of vegetation in the British Isles during the last glaciation.

Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh 35(1): 82–96., using quantitative methods to describe the plant community. These early papers already mark his interest for quantification of natural phenomena. In this morphometric analysis of Ammophila arenaria, for example, Greig-Smith measured in detail the internode length of the plant’s rhizomes and noted the species’ tendency to form tussock-like clumps in older dunes and longer, exploratory rhizomes in unstable, younger dunes.

Gahnia aspera grows as a strappy tussock high by across, with leaves to long. The underside of the leaves and leaf edges are sharp and can easily cut human skin. The creamy flowers grow in spikes from the centre of the plant and appear from October to January. They are followed by shiny red or red-brown round nuts, which measure 4.5 to 6.0 mm long, 2.5 to 4.0 mm in diameter.

Favoured habitat was sandy desert dominated by spinifex vegetation, Triodia species and other tussock grasses, on dunes or sand-plains. It appears to have disappeared between about 1943 and 1960. While the cause of its decline remains uncertain, it is thought to be related to the changed burning regimes that followed the removal of Aboriginal people from the central Australian deserts. Another factor may have been the introduction of the red fox in Australia.

C. alpina is found in heath, short herbfield and tussock grasslands in alpine and sub-alpine areas. It is common in the Central Plateau and Midlands of Tasmania and can also be found at high altitudes in Victoria and New South Wales. The herb can survive in shade to full sun and requires high moisture levels for growth. It can also tolerate clay, loam and sandy soil types and is phosphorus intolerant.

Vegetation includes tussock grasses and cushion plants, shrubs and sedges, often with an under-layer of lichens and moss. The lower levels of páramo merge into dwarf transitional forest and montane cloud forest. The characteristic vegetation consists of plants of the genera Calamagrostis, Agrostis and Hypericum, There are also shrubs of genera such as Polylepis and Escallonia. The isolated position of the páramos has resulted in high levels of endemism among the diverse plant species.

By splitting such a stack before the older corm generations wither too badly, the horticulturist can exploit the individual corms for propagation. Other species seldom do anything of that kind; their corms simply grow larger in most seasons. Yet others split when multiple buds or stolons on a large corm sprout independently, forming a tussock. Corms can be dug up and used to propagate or redistribute the plant (see, for example, taro).

Diuris fucosa is a tuberous, perennial herb with a loose tussock of between four and seven narrow linear leaves long and wide. Up to four pale yellow flowers wide are borne on a flowering stem tall. The dorsal is egg-shaped and held close to horizontally, long and wide. The lateral sepals are green, lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, long, wide and turned below horizontal and usually parallel to each other.

Botanically, many rare species such as water sedge, lesser tussock-sedge, alternate-leaved golden-saxifrage, small water-pepper, marsh stitchwort, and marsh fern are present. Specimens in isolated ponds in the area contain species of Oligochaeta, and Gastropoda, such as Valvata critata and Anisus leucostoma. Many species of birds are found in the marsh, including thrush nightingale, redwing, dunnock, and Eurasian wren. Smooth newt and common toad were both reported in 1996.

2000 Alpine grasslands and alpine shrublands extend up to altitude. Tussock grasslands include Festuca abyssinica and Carex runssoroensis. The giant rosette plants Lobelia wollastonii and Dendrosenecio johnstonii are found on both the Rwenzoris and the Virungas, while Lobelia stuhlmannii grows only on the Virungas. In the portion of the Rwenzoris above altitude, the alpine grasslands and shrublands yield to upper alpine dwarf scrub, also known as subnival shrub, where Helichrysum stuhlmanii forms isolated thickets.

Trumpeter finches breed from February to June in monogamous pairs. The female builds a simple nest made of a loose collection of twigs, plat stems, down and fibres such as animal hair, grass fibres and sometimes feathers. It is placed in a shallow depression in the ground, in the shade of a rock, bush or a tussock of grass. It may also be situated as high as to above ground in a pipe or wall.

Campanula carpatica, the tussock bellflower or Carpathian harebell, is a species of flowering plant in the family Campanulaceae, native to the Carpathian Mountains of Central Europe. It is a low-growing herbaceous perennial, with long stems bearing solitary blue bell-shaped flowers. It was introduced to the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew in 1774 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. Several cultivars in shades of white, blue, pink and purple, have been developed for garden use.

Among notable bird species at the reserve are now breeding bitterns. Around 65 species breed there each year, including black-necked grebe, marsh harrier, and Cetti's warbler. Marsh plants include greater spearwort, lesser water-plantain, tubular water-dropwort, lesser reedmace, greater tussock sedge, purple small-reed, great water dock, yellow-wort and traveller's-joy. Thirty species of butterfly have been recorded including white-letter hairstreak, purple hairstreak, silver-washed fritillary and brown argus.

The island contains 104 species of plants. Large stands of peppermint trees (Agonis flexuosa) are found on the sheltered upper slopes of the island, while forested stretches of Rottnest Island teatree (Melaleuca lanceolata) grow on the lower slopes. The Bald Island marlock (Eucalyptus conferruminata) forms dense thickets on parts of the island. More exposed areas are covered by open heath and tussock species, as well as closed shrubby patches mostly comprising Melaleuca microphylla.

Above the tree line, at about , stunted, sub-alpine shrub land gives way to alpine tussock grasslands and fell fields. Insect-eating birds such as fantail, tomtit and rifleman thrive in the beech forest, whereas the seed-eating kakariki specifically prefers areas of red beech. Paradise shelduck thrive on the river flats, and in summer, spur-winged plover and oystercatcher are a common sight on farmland and along the drive from Wanaka.

No extensive surveys of Eyrean grasswren behaviour have been undertaken, but it is thought to be sedentary. They are usually found in singles and pairs, or small groups of up to ten. It is cryptic, remaining hidden within Z. paradoxa tussocks, and is difficult to flush. Flight is rare, but when flushed the birds bound with wings half spread between tussock clumps or fly short distances of up to 10m with the tail trailing.

Cyperus alterniflorus, commonly known as umbrella flat-sedge, is a sedge of the family Cyperaceae that is native to Australia. The perennial and rhizomatous sedge has a robust tufted or tussock-like habit and typically grows to a height of . The plant blooms between June and October producing yellow-green-brown flowers. The plant has a short thick rhizome with triquetrous, smooth to scabrous culms that are long with a diameter of .

Four to seven eggs are laid in a nest on or near the ground in thick vegetation or in a tussock of grass. This is a species which skulks in the undergrowth, creeping through bushes and low foliage, and which is very difficult to see except sometimes when singing from a prominent position. The song, which gives this species its name, is a monotonous mechanical insect- like reeling, often given at dawn or dusk.

Sphenophryne crassa is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to eastern New Guinea and is known from the Mount Dayman and Mount Simpson in the Owen Stanley Range, Papua New Guinea. Common name Papua land frog has been proposed for it. Sphenophryne crassa is fossorial frog that occurs in open tussock grass and shrublands, and sometimes, in montane closed- canopy forest, at elevations of above sea level.

Dasychira vagans, the variable tussock moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Newfoundland to southern British Columbia in the north and North Carolina and Utah in the west. The habitat consists of forests, including coastal rainforests, high elevation mixed hardwood-conifer forests, oak woodlands and mixed hardwood forests. The species was first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1913.

Some vegetable matter such as aquatic plants is also consumed. Males are polygamous, mating with up to five females. The nest is built in the previous year's standing reeds and consists of an untidy platform some across. It may be on a tussock surrounded by water or on matted roots close to water and is built by the female using bits of reed, sedges and grass stalks, with a lining of finer fragments.

The glacial runoff and precipitation guarantee an ample water supply, leading to the development of wetlands known as bofedales and peat; Distichia muscoides is the dominant plant in the bofedales and these wetlands are hotspots of biodiversity. Tussock grasses have been expanding in the area. Other plants include Festuca orthophylla, jarava ichu and nettles; in total there are over fifty plant species. Lichens grow on rocks; 23 lichen species have been identified at Quelccaya.

Galaxias tantangara is found in a cold, clear and rapidly flowing alpine creek which flows through open Eucalypt forest with small shrubs and tussock grasses and is often covered with winter snow. The creek is about wide and deep with pools around deep. Stream bed consists of bedrock and large to small rounded stones with some pebbles, gravel and areas of silt. Cover is mostly provided by rock, undercut banks, overhanging vegetation and pools.

The nymphs tunnel into the soft earth around alpine swamp or seepage in Schoenus tussock grassland. Even when forest cover is present the larvae prefer wetlands in forest clearings. They occupy a chamber half-filled with water for perhaps 5–6 years, emerging at night to seek prey near the burrow entrance. Tillyard observed that the larvae when dug out of their burrows are docile, not aggressive like those of U. carovei.

Bransbury Common is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south- east of Andover in Hampshire. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I. This site has two different habitats. The soil of the common is peat over gravel, and the dominant plants are purple moor-grass and greater tussock- sedge. There is also a former water meadow, which has flowering plants including lady's smock, marsh marigold and early marsh-orchid.

White to pale yellow flowers appear between December and January (early to mid summer) in its native range. The species was first formally described in 1855 by botanist Ferdinand von Mueller from plant material that he collected "on the rocky summits of the Australian Alps (5-6000 feet high)". Orites lancifolius occurs in alpine and subalpine areas of New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria in heath and tussock grassland amongst granite rocks.

In the lowland forests, emergent podocarps rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) and mataī rise above a canopy of evergreen broadleaf trees that includes kamahi (Weinmannia racemosa) and tawa (Beilschmiedia tawa). Middle-elevation forests on the volcanic plateau are dominated by podocarps, including rimu, miro (Prumnopitys ferruginea), mataī, totara (Podocarpus totara) and kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides). Middle elevation forests on Mount Taranaki include Hall's totara (Podocarpus laetus) and kaikawaka (Libocedrus bidwillii). Higher-elevation plant communities include southern beech (Nothofagus) forests and tussock grasslands.

The Natal red rock hare is endemic to southern Africa; it is present in southeastern provinces of South Africa (Eastern Cape, Mpumalanga, and KwaZulu-Natal), eastern Lesotho, Swaziland (Highveld and Lumbobo), and southern Mozambique (Maputo Province). It lives in steep, rocky terrain like cliffs, hillsides with scattered rocks and boulders, stone outcrops, and rocky gorges with edible grass. It takes refuge in tussock grasses or low, dense vegetation. It is found at heights of up to above sea level.

Gahnia grandis is a tussock-forming perennial plant found in southeastern mainland Australia and Tasmania. Originally described by botanist Jacques Labillardière as Scleria grandis in 1800, it was placed in its current genus by S. T. Blake in 1969. In Tasmania, Gahnia is the most widely seen genus, with seven native species. Six of these species are very large, erect graminoids with sharp-edged leaves resembling a razor, hence the common names cutting grass and cutty grass.

The 16 islands under Victorian jurisdiction are Shellback, Norman, Great Glennie, Dannevig, Citadel and McHugh (all of which are part of Wilsons Promontory Marine Park); Cleft, Kanowna, Anser and Wattle (all within Wilsons Promontory Marine National Park); Rabbit, Rag, Cliffy, Seal and Notch Islands, and Rabbit Rock. The three islands under Tasmanian jurisdiction are Rodondo and West Moncoeur (both of which are nature reserves), and East Moncoeur. The islands’ vegetation consists mainly of shrubland and tussock grassland.

Nest in Chiriqui Mountains, Panama The large cup nest, built by the female, is made of coarse plant material and lined with fine fibres. It is placed 0.4 to 4 m up in a dense shrub, grass tussock or pine. The clutch is two brown-speckled pale blue eggs, which are incubated by the female alone for 12–14 days to hatching. The slaty flowerpiercer has an upturned bill with a hooked upper mandible and pointed lower mandible.

When the partnership was dissolved in 1887, he founded Acton-Adams and Kippenberger. Adams also continued his interest in sheep-farming, adding the Molesworth Station to Tarndale station, purchasing the Hopefield-Woodbank station in the Amuri district, acquiring Island Farm and the Salop Downs estates in Selwyn County, and purchasing a part of the Motunau property and other adjoining lands he founded the Tipapa Estate. Adams converted several thousand acres of tussock land to grass pastures.

Austrostipa stipoides, commonly known as prickly spear-grass or coast spear- grass, is a kind of tussock grass native to the coasts of south-eastern Australia and of New Zealand. It forms large clumps up to about 80 cm in height with smooth inrolled leaves 70 cm long and 1 mm wide with sharp tips. It is found on sea cliffs, the edges of beach dunes and salt marshes and tolerates strong winds and sea spray.

58–59 In April 1850, a preliminary group led by Godley landed at Port Cooper—modern-day Lyttelton Harbour—and established a port, housing and shops in preparation for the main body of settlers. In December 1850, the first wave of 750 settlers arrived at Lyttelton in a fleet of four ships. Following 1850, the province's economy developed with the introduction of sheep farming. The Canterbury region's tussock plains in particular were suitable for extensive sheep farming.

Flowers which are pinkish red or rarely white, are clustered in groups of 5 to 18, the heads surrounded by 4 bracts. These are followed by 3 – 4 mm long green fruit. The species was first formally described in Prodromus in 1810, based on plant material collected in the Cobberas Range by Victorian Government Botanist Ferdinand von Mueller. It occurs in alpine and sub-alpine heath, tussock grassland and woodland in New South Wales and Victoria.

This species is a tussock shaped perennial with many rhizomes. The leaves are tough, straw shaped and spine-tipped that grow to be - in length with a golden brown or shiny black sheath. The inflorescences or flowers of J. kraussii are reddish brown to purplish brown in colour, - in length and are clustered toward the end of the stem. The flowers occur clusters of three to six and flowering occurs in Summer between October and January.

South Georgian panorama The pintail is widely distributed along the north coast, and the western third of the south coast, of South Georgia, as well as on its offshore islands. It is largely absent from most of the south coast of the main island because of unfavourable topography. Favoured habitat includes freshwater pools and streams fringed by tussock grassland, seal wallows and poorly drained land next to wetlands and melting snow, as well as coastal habitats.

Outside the breeding season, and when food is locally abundant, the ducks may congregate in small flocks, sometimes of up to about a hundred.Marchant & Higgins, p.1304. Murphy noted: > On December 20th, 1912, I photographed a pair of teals feeding in a trickle > of water which ran through tall tussock grass from the melting edge of a > glacier. The birds were well hidden by the screen of grass, and I almost > stumbled over them before seeing them.

The addax inhabits arid regions, semideserts and sandy and stony deserts. It even occurs in extremely arid areas, with less than 100 mm annual rainfall. It also inhabits deserts with tussock grasses (Stipagrostis species) and succulent thorn scrub Cornulaca. Formerly, the addax was widespread in the Sahelo-Saharan region of Africa, west of the Nile Valley and all countries sharing the Sahara Desert; but today the only known self-sustaining population is present in the Termit Massif Reserve (Niger).

These trees are amongst the largest in the world, holding the record for the greatest timber volume of any tree. The value of this was not lost on early European settlers, and most of these trees were felled. The remaining vegetation types in New Zealand are grassland of grass and tussock, usually associated with the subalpine areas, and the low shrublands between grasslands and forests. These shrublands are dominated by daisies, which can become woody and 3 m high.

A new generation of common tussocks is hatched annually, with adult butterflies able to be found from late October to late March. At the larval stage, common tussock caterpillars are able to camouflage themselves amongst various tall and short grasses which serve as the host plants. This ability to camouflage against host plants continues when A. antipodum develop into pupae, or reach the chrysalis stage of development. A. antipodum adults are sexually dimorphic and distinctive in behaviour.

Chlamydogobius squamigenus, the Edgbaston goby, is a critically endangered species of goby endemic to the Edgbaston Reserve in Central Queensland, Australia where it occurs in small pools with clay bottoms and emergent tussock grasses. This species can reach a length of SL. The red-finned blue- eye, 11 snail species, a small crustacean, a flatworm, a spider and a dragonfly are restricted to the same springs and also threatened.Bush Heritage (27 May 2016). Edgbaston. Retrieved 18 February 2017.

The Douglas-fir tussock moth is native to forests of western North America and outbreaks have been identified in British Columbia, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, California, Arizona, and New Mexico. Outbreaks occur in cycles around eight to twelve years and usually last up to four years, sometimes longer. Reports from Idaho and Washington indicate 2011 had a major outbreak. The larvae feed on Pseudotsuga and Abies species, especially Douglas fir, grand fir, white fir, and subalpine fir.

Inland from the Taieri Plain is rough hill country. Close to the plain, much of this is forested, notably around Berwick and Lake Mahinerangi, and also around the Silverpeaks Range which lies northwest of the Dunedin urban area. Beyond this, the land becomes drier and opens out into grass and tussock-covered land. A high, broad valley, the Strath-Taieri lies in Dunedin's far northwest, containing the town of Middlemarch, one of the area's few concentrations of population.

The Ōhau Conservation Trust is working to promote awareness of, and protect, the unique habitats and biodiversity of the Lake Ōhau area. The tussock slopes of Ben Ohau Range host a myriad of wildlife including moths, butterflies, lizards, grasshoppers, spiders and beetles. Bush birds likely to be spotted in the forests include tomtit/ miromiro, fantail/pīwakawaka, bellbird/korimako, rifleman/ tītitipounamu and morepork/ruru koukou. Further up the Hopkins Valley are New Zealand falcon/ kārearea, kea and rock wren/pīwauwau.

The site encompasses remnants of native grassland inhabited by an endangered grassland bird in a monotypic family – the plains-wanderer – with the intervening farmland. The area has a Mediterranean climate with cool, damp winters and hot dry summers, supporting native tussock grassland dominated by Austrostipa and Austrodanthonia species. Other vegetation types are temperate grassy woodlands dominated by white cypress-pine, grey box and yellow box. There are also small areas of black box riparian woodland and granite outcrop shrubland.

They occur between sea level and 1000m above sea level. They are generally found in moister, denser vegetation cover than the little buttonquail, but also inhabit semi-arid zones. The common factors in their desired habitat seems to be bare ground and abundant leaf litter, little or no understorey, patches of tussock grass or sedges. The birds normally forage in open area of deep leaf litter, and retreat to the undercover of tussocks or woody debris if threatened.

It feeds on the seeds of grasses and sedges, other seeds, green plant matter and insects, probably consuming more insect prey than other members of the genus. Breeding takes place at some time between October and June. The nest is built in the base of a grass tussock, usually among tall grasses in a wet area. It is a scoop lined with grass, leaves and bits of dung, and often roofed with nearby grasses woven together.

Great tussock sedge at the eastern end of the loch. The loch and part of Caldwell- Lawside Wood have been a Site of Scientific Interest (SSSI) since 1972, covering 17.82 ha as designated by Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) and a Scottish Wildlife Trust (SWT) wildlife site. The loch is owned by the SWT.Loch Libo SSSI Retrieved : 2012-12-23 Loch Libo is the best example of a eutrophic in East Renfrewshire with aquatic and emergent vegetation.

"Bluegrass": The seed pods go from green to purplish blue to brown. During the purplish blue phase the seed stems have a navy-blue coating. Rough meadow- grass (Poa trivialis), showing the ligule structure PoaFrom Greek πόα "grass, meadow." is a genus of about 500 species of grasses, native to the temperate regions of both hemispheres. Common names include meadow-grass (mainly in Europe and Asia), bluegrass (mainly in North America), tussock (some New Zealand species), and speargrass.

The pupal stage lasts for about two weeks, from the beginning of June onwards, until late July. It is formed inside a loose "nest" of silk and grass that is spun deep inside a tussock of tor grass. Imago begin to emerge in the early middle of July and finish emerging in the middle of September. Typically, they will live for five to ten days—the normal lifespan for a non- hibernating butterfly of the Lulworth's seasonal stage.

The availability of N. tenuissima via the internet and other plant purchasing situations makes its entry and naturalization in Australia almost inevitable. It is similar in appearance to Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) and has been recorded in Australia as a weed initially mistaken for that other invasive species. It is still widely referenced in botanical and horticultural literature under its synonym Stipa tenuissima, and has received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit under that name.

Acrothamnus colensoi is a plant species from the family Ericaceae and is endemic to New Zealand. It is a short shrub that grow to approximately 50 cm of tall, and that can spread to form mounds of up to 2 m across. Fruit are round and are white, pink or dark red in colour. It can be found in both the North and South Islands, in scrub, tussock grassland and peat bogs, south of the Kaingaroa Forest.

The best known lakes in this category are undoubtedly Tåkern and Hornborgasjön. The coast of Sweden is long, and conditions are quite different at the endpoints. Near the Norwegian border, conditions are typical North Atlantic, turning to subarctic near the Finnish border, where salinity is down to 0,1-0,2 %. A common seashore species there is the endemic, tussock-forming grass Deschampsia bottnica, which survives the destructive force of the up to 2 m thick sea-ice.

Most of the plants referred to as tussocks are in the genera Carex, Chionochloa, Festuca, and Poa. What would be termed "herbfields" for European mountains, and bunchgrass meadows in North America, are referred to as tussock herbfields in New Zealand due to a dominance of this type of plant. Species of the genus Chionochloa dominate in these areas. The larger tussocks are called snow grass (or less commonly as snow tussocks) and may grow up to 2 metres in height.

Surface exposure dating indicates that some moraines were emplaced at or before the Last Glacial Maximum and others in a time period 35,000 to 40,000 years before present. Landscape of the El Tatio region The dry grassland vegetation of the region is classified as Central Andean dry puna. Tussock grasses like Anatherostipa, Festuca and Stipa occur at elevation, while rosette and cushion plants reach elevations of ; these include Azorella, Chaetanthera, Mulinum, Senecio, Lenzia, Pycnophyllum and Valeriana. Riparian vegetation occurs along the Rio Salado.

Polystichum vestitum on the North Island is often found covering the hillsides and at higher altitudes where the climate is colder, while on the South Island it can be found in a more various range of places such as both coastal and alpine regions and at lower altitudes. Polystichum vestitum is common in the more exposed landscapes such as gulley floors, forest margins and tussock grasslands, but can also be found in abundance in the more cooler and wetter forests.

The lookout point at the end of the Hooker Valley Track is the closest any walking track comes to Aoraki / Mount Cook, and reveals completely unobstructed views of the highest mountain in New Zealand, with Hooker Glacier in the valley below. There is also access to the shore of the glacial lake. The vegetation around the track is open alpine tussock, and as such the track offers clear views of the mountains surrounding the wide valley floor of the Hooker Valley.

Snow mountain quail chick An Indonesian and New Guinean endemic, the Snow Mountain quail is confined to Western New Guinea's highest elevations, the Snow and Star Mountains. This little known bird is protected only by the remoteness of its habitat, a mostly inaccessible area at altitudes of . The female usually lays up to three pale brown, dark-spotted eggs in a hollow nest under the edge of a grass tussock. The diet consists mainly of seeds, flowers, leaves, and other vegetable matter.

A yellow-throated honeyeater taking hair from a live Tasmanian pademelon for nesting material, Melaleuca, Southwest Conservation Area, Tasmania, Australia Breeding occurs from August to January. During breeding season females move into male territories. The nest is often within 1 m of the ground in a low bush or tussock, but may occasionally be found at up to in foliage. It is constructed by the female from grass, bark-shreds, leaves and spiders' web and lined with treefern fibres, wool, and fur.

The landscape surrounding Poolburn Gorge is barren and dry, shaped by the typical Central Otago climate of dry hot summers and cold winters. The gorge cuts through schist rock bluffs, with the vegetation on the steep slopes consisting of tussock and hardy low-growing shrubs. Contrasting this, a ribbon of lush trees lines the immediate river banks at the bottom of the gorge. The Ida Burn joins the Manuherikia River shortly after it emerges from the Poolburn Gorge into the Manuherikia Valley.

Colonies will usually form on steep cliffs near the sea and can contain tens-of-thousands of nests. Their nests are made of small pebbles and can occasionally contain some vegetation. Some colonies have settled within grasslands such as tussock, however the soil often erodes down to rock with the accumulation of guano and trampling over a few decades. Eastern rockhopper penguins are rarely found more than 200 meters away from the coastline, since it is ideal to remain near their food supply.

Paspalums are also food for caterpillars of lepidopterans such as the pasture day moth (Apina callisto), and those of the dark palm dart (Telicota ancilla) which feed on P. urvillei. Granivorous birds often eat paspalum seeds; the chestnut- breasted munia (Lonchura castaneothorax) readily feeds on the seeds of P. longifolium, for example. The ergot Claviceps paspali is a sac fungus that grows on Paspalum, producing ergot alkaloids and the tremorgen paspalitrem; it causes "paspalum staggers" poisoning in cattle. Tussock paspalum (P.

Department of Conservation, Wellington. It can be found as far south as Cleughearn Peak and as far north as Mount Aurum Alpinacris tumidicauda prefers alpine tussock grasslands between ; it can, however, be found as low as near the Nevis River It is one of three known species of alpine grasshoppers that are found in Fiordland, the other two being Sigaus homerensis and Sigaus takahe.Morris, S.J. 2003: Two new species of Sigaus from Fiordland, New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae). New Zealand entomologist, 26: 65–74.

Triodia basedowii, commonly known as lobed spinifex, is species of tussock- forming grass-like plant found in Australia. It occurs on sandy plains and small hills and dunes of bare red sand. Green to purple flowers are displayed from long scapes at any time of the year, emerging from the short and dense foliage growing no more than 1.3 meters high. The associated landscape which it dominates is sometimes favoured as habitat of a pebble mound building mouse species Pseudomys chapmani.

Both male and female common tussocks are known to have a slow, lazy flight pattern which is relatively close to the ground, thus allowing for frequent feeding on various flowers and plants. At the larval stage, A. antipodum rely on members of the family Poaceae as host plants. Known used genera include Poa, Festuca and Agropyron species. A. antipodum is known to specifically feed on plants such as Chionochloa rubra, meadow grass, Poa poiformis, snow tussock, and wood meadow-grass.

Horses in the Sierra La Culata National Park The mountain forest extends up to about in altitude, where the páramos begin, Above the páramos are replaced by a periglacial zone with very little vegetation, mostly lichens, mosses and some dwarf plants. No flora or fauna are found above around . The ecoregion mostly consists of dry páramo habitat, with high-altitude tussock grass, stands of dwarf bamboo and open meadows There are also some marshes and bogs, although less than in the wet páramo.

On their breeding islands, Gibson's albatrosses nest on moss terraces and in tussock grassland on or near ridges, slopes and plateaus where an exposed, windy position helps them take off. They often form loose colonies on the windward sides of the islands. Breeding takes place only every two years, if successful; studies on Adams Island in the 1990s found an annual breeding success rate of 67%. Albatross pairs return to their breeding islands from November, with the older males the first to arrive.

Hunters set fires to drive game from the forests, and frequent fires converted large areas of forest to tussock grassland. As populations of large birds and seals dwindled, fishing became an increasingly important source of food for the local Maori and they established kaika or seasonal camps, along the shoreline. European settlers arrived in the 19th century. Mixed-race whaling bases were established at Port Molyneux, Tautuku, and Waikawa, but the whales were soon over-hunted and whaling was abandoned.

In the breeding season from June to January, the female builds a cup-shaped nest of grasses and twigs, lined with fine grass, feathers, wool and hair, which is well concealed in tussock or a low shrub. A clutch of 2 to 4 eggs is incubated by both parents for 13–14 days. The eggs measure and are white, spotted with reddish-brown at the large end. The chicks are fed by both parents and fledge after 10–15 days.

The average rainfall of its habitat is between 600–1000 mm per year. Unlike the fat-tailed dunnart, this species requires forest and woodland cover of more than 50% of any square metre of heath understory or mid-story plant species. Other habitats include coastal tussock grasslands, sedgeland and wet heath. This dunnart has an individual range of about 120 square metres for both sexes, although this varies greatly among males, with some males acquiring territories of up to 1200 square metres.

Most families, however, are only represented by one or two species. Some introduced plants have naturalised on the plateau from introduced grasses, clovers and straw used to stabilise soil and revegetate areas affected by slope grooming, road works and other site disturbances. The most common native species recorded on the plateau are the herbs Poa gunnii (tussock grass) and Gentianella diemensis, the shrubs, Richea scoparia, Orites acicularis and Pentachondra pumila, Baeckea gunniana and Epacris serpyllifolia. Cushion plants are abundant throughout the plateau.

As predators of invertebrates, including many pests, most ground beetles are considered beneficial organisms. The caterpillar hunters (Calosoma) are famous for their habit of devouring prey in quantity, eagerly feeding on tussock moth (Lymantriidae) caterpillars, processionary caterpillars (Thaumetopoeidae) and woolly worms (Arctiidae), which, due to their urticating hairs, are avoided by most insectivores. Large numbers of the forest caterpillar hunter (C. sycophanta), native to Europe, were shipped to New England for biological control of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) as early as 1905.

Nassella trichotoma, the serrated tussock, is a type of bunchgrass plant, native in Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, and Peru. It is on the list of Weeds of National Significance in Australia, reducing the productivity of pasture and creating a fire hazard. In many states, landowners are required by law to keep their land free of this plant. In New Zealand is classed as an unwanted organism by Biosecurity New Zealand and is under strict control regimes by some of the regional councils.

The Mount Melbourne fumarole supports the only Antarctic population of Campylopus pyriformis, which is otherwise found in Europe and South Africa. Subantarctic flora is dominated by the coastal tussock grass, that can grow up to . Only two flowering plants inhabit continental Antarctica, the Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica) and the Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis). Both are found only on the western edge of the Antarctic Peninsula and on two nearby island groups, the South Orkney Islands and the South Shetland Islands.

The Douglas fir, however, is susceptible to defoliator insects such as the western spruce budworm and the Douglas-fir tussock moth. Young trees, thin barked trees and older trees are more susceptible to the fir engraver beetle. Other diseases that will affect Douglas fir include root and butt rot, black stain fungus, red ring rot, red- brown but rot, needle cast and red ring rot. The proper management includes monitoring, removing dead and diseased trees, and maintaining a healthy stand.

Poa flabellata, commonly known as tussac grass or just tussac, is a tussock grass native to southern South America, the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and other islands in the South Atlantic. There are also two isolated records from the herbarium at the French Muséum national d'histoire naturelle for the Île Amsterdam in the Indian Ocean. It was introduced to Shetland,Stace (2010) pp. 1013-1014 Scotland for basket making in 1844, and possibly as a source of fodderStace & Crawley (2015) p.

Tarrabool Lake is dominated by low, open coolibah woodland, with lignum shrubland, patches of open northern bluebush shrubland, and with extensive areas devoid of trees. The centre of Eva Downs Swamp is dominated by open belalie woodland in association with lignum shrubland, and is surrounded by northern bluebush shrubland, with tall tussock grassland to the south-east, and coolibah woodland in the south. Drying or marshy areas of the system have prolific swathes of groundcover plants such as Schoenoplectus dissachanthus. Nardoo is common.

Manuka beetles have the widest ecological tolerance for different habitats out of the Melolonthidae subfamily, though they prefer woody vegetation. They tend to occur in tussock and pastures 2 to 3 years through development and been converted from native vegetation or bush regrowth. However, as its common name suggests, it preferably lives in and around the soil of manuka trees (Leptospermum). Adult beetles have been seen swarming over the small white flowers that cover the manuka when it is flowering during the summer.

The preferred habitat of the mouse are areas of low heathland or scrubland with sandy soils. The vegetation is kwongan coastal heath or tall shrubs that intersperse an understorey of tussock grasses. The distribution range is from Shark Bay to Israelite Bay in Southwest Australia, a temperate forested region with a mediterranean climate; they are widespread but not common within this range. They also occur offshore at Bernier and Dorre Islands, where the population is named as subspecies Pseudomys albocinereus squalorum.

Forest ravens cache food items for later consumption, generally using trees to evade other scavengers. Field observations in Nambucca showed that they built stick-like platforms in diameter high in the canopies of trees as places to store and eat food. They were recorded storing food in tree forks above the ground and within the folds of the bark of paperbark trees. In another field study, a forest raven stole a cape barren goose egg and hid it in a grassy tussock to consume later.

Newtonia buchananii, Albizia adianthifolia, Funtumia africana, and Chrysophyllum gorungosanum are the dominant trees in the low-canopy forest, and host many lichens, mosses and epiphytes. Afromontane forests occur in fragmented patches above 1600 meters elevation, with Mulanje cedar (Widdringtonia whytei), Olea capensis, Podocarpus latifolius, Ekebergia capensis, Cassipourea malosana, and Rapanea melanophloeos as the dominant trees. Mulanje cedar is endemic to the ecoregion, found only on Mulanje in valley forests protected from fire. Other plant communities include tussock grasslands, and Afromontane heathlands on the highest elevations of Mulanje.

These snails live mostly in moist native forest. Some live in lowland forest, such as P. traversi traversi, which is nationally endangered and has its own 10 ha reserve of kahikatea forest and raupo swamp near Levin. Other species live in upland forest, or even under tussock grasses above the treeline. Several species only inhabit forests on limestone soils; they require calcium to build their shells and eggs, and this is obtained from eating invertebrates (including other snails) which have taken up calcium from the limestone environment.

Greig-Smith’s first published paper dealt with the varying growth forms of the dune grass Ammophila arenaria in calcareous sand dunes on the Isle of Harris, Outer HebridesGreig-Smith, Peter, Alan R. Gemmell, and Charles H. Gimingham. 1947. Tussock formation in Ammophila arenaria (L) Link. New Phytologist 46(2): 262–268.. This paper was followed two years later by a detailed description of the dune’s plantsGimingham, Charles H., Alan R. Gemmell, and Peter Greig-Smith. 1949. The vegetation of a sand-dune system in the Outer Hebrides.

Acaena tesca is a species of low growing perennial plant restricted to the upper slopes of the mountains of central Otago and northern Southland in the South Island of New Zealand. This plant spreads using subterranean stems and forms mats in suitable areas. Its habitat is among the high, bleak tussock grasslands of central South Island, growing between tussocks and around rock outcrops. It can be distinguished from its closest congeners by the glaucous leaves with red teeth and its spreading, mat-forming (rather than compact) habit.

The vegetation is mainly of a mosaic of yellow iris Iris pseudacorus, branched bur-reed Sparganium erectum and rushes Juncus spp., while greater tussock-sedge Carex paniculata is locally dominant. Other conspicuous plants include meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria, marsh- marigold Caltha palustris, ragged robin Lychnis flos-cuculi, watermint Mentha aquatica and southern marsh-orchid Dactylorhiza praetermissa. Also present are four species which are local in Devon: wood club-rush Scirpus sylvaticus, marsh valerian Valeriana dioica, fen bedstraw Galium uliginosum and common spike-rush Eleocharis palustris.

In 1897 Wright was awarded a Stuart prize for poetry. Wright published four volumes of ballads, Aorangi and other Verses (1896), Station Ballads and other Verses (1897), Wisps of Tussock (1900), and New Zealand Chimes (1900). As a clergyman Wright was liked, but he found the work uncongenial and gave it up for journalism in which he had considerable experience in New Zealand. Wright married Elizabeth Couper at Dunedin on 3 August 1899; a son David was born in 1900, but the marriage failed.

In South Georgia, Acaena magellanica may cover the ground in dense patches. It is deciduous, and when the leaves are shed, mosses like Tortula robusta, which grows underneath, flourish. The Kerguelen Islands are in the Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra ecoregion which is characterised by tussock grasses, lichens and liverworts. A. magellanica is one of the few low forbs that grew here, but the introduction of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which selectively grazes the species it prefers, eliminated many of the native forbs.

The crew took shelter in the boat shed and hunted seals, birds and shellfish for food. It wasn't until the tenth day that they discovered the castaway depot and a notice that the depot received regular visits from the New Zealand Government steam ships. The crew built additional huts of scrub and tussock and waited for rescue. Fearing that supplies of food would run short they continued to supplement their diet with local wildlife and also sought out the other depot on the Islands.

A simple burrow was lined with sticks and leaves, scraped or dug at the ground beneath a shrub or spinifex tussock, and this provided refuge while it rested during the day. Foraging activity was nocturnal, and like other bandicoots, left a conical hole as it dug and investigated an area with its claws and long snout. This bandicoot was eaten by indigenous peoples, who captured the animal by blocking the entrance of its nest with one foot and removing the trapped animal by hand.

The conservation park lies on the southern shoreline of Western Cove in Nepean Bay within the locality of Nepean Bay about to the east of the locality's main settled area and about south of Kingscote. It has an area of . Its vegetation is mostly an open scrub of Eucalyptus diversifolia and Callitris preissii with areas of low shrubland, tussock sedgeland and Allocasuarina verticillata low open forest over a deep soil of calcareous sands. Other significant plant species include Melaleuca halmaturorum, Acacia sophorae and Leucopogon parviflorus.

The wingspan is and the moth can be found from June through to September. The larvae feed on acute sedge (Carex acuta), lesser pond-sedge (Carex acutiformis), greater tussock-sedge (Carex paniculata) and greater pond sedge (Carex riparia), mining the leaves of their host, The mine is narrow and begins just below the tip of the leaf and runs downwards. It might be found along the leaf margin or in the centre of the leaf. It is thought that the larvae start a new mine after hibernation.

Fruits include hawthorn apples (Crataegus spp.), raspberries (Rubus spp.), mulberries (Morus spp.), elderberries (Sambucus spp.), serviceberries (Amelanchier spp.), and wild and cultivated cherries (Prunus spp.). Western tanagers have been observed foraging on Perry's agave (Agave parryi) nectar. Reports of western tanager eating Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) nectar, Russian olive fruits, and human-provided food, including bird seed and dried fruit, were summarized in. Western tanagers are major consumers of western spruce budworms (Choristoneura occidentalis), and they have been observed eating Douglas-fir tussock moth larvae (Orgyia pseudotsugata).

Since 1997, volunteers have eradicated rabbits, cats, hedgehogs, and ship rats from the island. A trap network on the mainland and the stepping-stone island to Ōtamahua aim to prevent reinvasion, but the island's inter-tidal link to the mainland make this likely, particularly by rodents. The Trust's volunteers have planted more than 95,000 native trees and shrubs, established a nursery to propagate silver tussock, and eradicated all predators except mice. As a result, birds, invertebrates and rare plants have been reintroduced to the island.

There is evidence of Maori occupation for over 800 years. The original vegetation comprised tussock, manuka scrub and totara forest further inland.Information contained on an information panel near the beach on Rabbit Island Beach on Rabbit Island near Nelson The Rabbit Island Recreation Reserve contains three islands, Rabbit Island, Rough Island and Bird Island, and became a public reserve in 1908. Rabbit Island, with its long, safe swimming beach, is a popular beach resort to the residents of Motueka, Wakefield, Brightwater, Richmond, Mapua, Stoke and Nelson.

However this should not be confused with the cattle movements that are a consequence of the loss of grazing land outside of the park, thus forcing cattle into the park to graze. Bale houses are circular in shape and locally referred to as “mana citaa”. Juniper and sometimes eucalyptus are used to make the walls and roof. The roof is covered with thatched grass cut from “citaa” (tussock grass) or stubble, especially barley, and supported by a wooden pillar, which stands in the middle of the floor.

The main threats to the species are overgrazing and trampling of shrublands and tussock grasslands by feral herbivores and domestic stock. Habitat clearing, fragmentation, landscape degradation, and fires which occur too frequently and extensively, are also threats to its habitat. Predation by feral cats and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) directly impacts the species' population. Removal of fallen timber threatens the species, as it relies on this for shelter from the heat and predator, and forages for invertebrates that live in or under woody debris.

Griffiths Island lies in the Warrnambool Plain Bioregion. The original vegetation would have been similar to that of nearby areas, consisting of coastal shrubland, grassland and woodland. It has been heavily modified by the various human activities the island has been subject to. Predominant native plant species include bower spinach, small leaved clematis, seaberry saltbush, coast beard-heath, cushion bush, karkalla, common boobialla, knobby club- sedge, coast spear-grass, coast sword-sedge, kangaroo apple, coast daisy bush, coast tussock-grass, hairy spinifex and bidgee-widgee.

Together with the Christchurch-Otautahi Agenda 21 committee, she published her research in a set of four booklets on several different areas, entitled Indigenous Ecosystems of Otautahi Christchurch. The booklets include a street map of Christchurch overlaid on a map of the Canterbury Plains ecosystems and soil types. The ecosystems range from old wetlands to forest, through to younger tussock grasslands. In addition, the booklets provide a guide for nurseries and the public about which native trees, shrubs, climbers and groundcovers naturally belong in different areas.

Egg - MHNT Colony on Saunders Island, Falkland Islands This species normally nests on steep slopes covered with tussock grass and sometimes on cliffs; however, on the Falklands it nests on flat grassland on the coast. They are an annual breeder laying one egg from between 20 September and 1 November, although the Falklands, Crozet, and Kerguelen breeders lay about three weeks earlier. Incubation is done by both sexes and lasts 68 to 71 days. After hatching, the chicks take 120 to 130 days to fledge.

Gynaephora is a genus of "tussock moths", also known as the Lymantriinae, within the family Erebidae. They are mainly found in the Holarctic in alpine, Arctic and Subarctic regions, and are best known for their unusually long larval development period. The life-cycle of Gynaephora groenlandica was once believed to take fourteen years, but subsequent studies reduced it to seven, still a very slow development rate that is extremely rare in the Lepidoptera. The caterpillars have five instars, with each instar lasting a year.

In the North Woods, Forester Charles Carter (Jason Robards Sr.) discovers that a tussock moth infection is threatening to devastate the great woods. This threatens the plans of Henry Mitchell (Douglass Dumbrille), who holds exclusive logging rights for the forest. Mitchell figures that if the moths infest and kill the trees, he can harvest all the dead trees, unencumbered by logging restrictions. When Carter tries to phone in the infestation threat, Mitchell covertly cuts the line, forcing Carter to ride into town to report the problem.

The Inaccessible Island rail is territorial, and the territories they defend are tiny. The territories in the tussock grass habitats around Blenden Hall, where the population densities are highest, extend to . The small size of the territories makes encounters between families and individuals frequent, and confrontations and territorial calling are common. On meeting, confrontations start with loud trills or twittering, then birds may face off, standing very close to each other and displaying ritually with their heads lowered and their bills pointed towards the ground.

Eggs in a nest, Southwest Australia, 1913 Spotless crake nests are made up of interwoven grasses within patches of tussock sedge and raupo. They usually breed in large, dense, and tall stands of reeds, rushes, sedges, and grass tussocks. Their nests are found between 30 – 50 cm above the water, and are found to be in close proximity to other nest-like platforms. Eggs are laid from late August to the end of January, with a clutch size of between 2 and 5 eggs.

Denniston road The Waimangaroa River is located on the West Coast of New Zealand. The river passes through tussock, scrub and forested areas before draining into the Karamea Bight in the Tasman Sea. It passes through the town of Waimangaroa and is crossed by the Ngakawau Branch railway, with the rail bridge brought into service in 1877. That year, the Conns Creek Branch opened, a sub-branch line that closely followed the southern bank of the river east from Waimangaroa to the foot of the Denniston Incline.

The Sharpe's longclaw is a monogamous and solitary breeder that defends a territory. The breeding season is during or after the rains, from March to June, September to October and in December. The species has a brief aerial breeding display, where the bird flies up and then drops, singing rapidly as it drops. The nest is a well-made cup of dried grass lined with roots and placed near the ground at the base of a grass tussock or under a shrub or plant.

The site is managed by Cheshire Wildlife Trust and forms part of the Midland Meres and Mosses Ramsar site.Natural England: Black Lake, Delamere (accessed 5 May 2010)Cheshire Wildlife Trust: Black Lake (accessed 8 May 2010) Linmer Moss () is unusual within Delamere Forest in having a fen environment which is not dominated by Sphagnum species. The vegetation is predominantly tussock sedge and reedmace. Marsh fern and white sedge, which are rare in Cheshire, are found here; other species include cuckooflower, marsh bedstraw, marsh cinquefoil and Sphagnum squarrosum.

As this species is found throughout New Zealand it can happily live anywhere although it does have a preference for mountain type areas where snow tussock is present in particular in the South Island mountain ranges and Stewart Island. It is also known to be a species that contributes to fly strike in sheep. While it is not a species that initiates fly-strike, it can be a secondary candidate so may be found on farmland areas as well. This particular species is hardly ever found indoors.

After his master's studies, Molloy worked for the Department of Agriculture as a research officer, investigating tussock grasslands, pasture ecology and weeds. In 1969, he moved to the botany division of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR)—later known as Landcare Research—where he remained until his retirement in 1995. At DSIR / Landcare Research, he specialised in plant taxonomy, nature conservation, and the history of soil and vegetation. Subsequently, Molloy has worked as a botanical and conservation consultant, and has maintained his relationship with Landcare Research as a research associate.

Nova Meadow is damp area containing moisture loving plants including lady's smock, common tussock grass, meadowsweet, ragged robin and yellow flag iris. A pond was created in 2003 to attract wildlife and the southern part of the meadow has reverted to scrubland creating a habitat for yellowhammers and linnets. In autumn it attracts thrushes, fieldfares and redwings which feed on the hawthorn berries. Much of Nova Wood was coppiced for pit props for Gomersal Colliery but the trees have regrown to produce multi-stemmed sessile oaks and birch.

The broad is privately owned. In 2007 it was cleared of silt to provide an improved habitat with agricultural run-off being diverted from the Broad at the same time. Fauna found in and around the Broad includes the white water-lily Nymphaea alba, common reed Phragmites australis and the rarer tussock-sedge Carex appropinquata as well as species such as marsh arrowgrass Triglochin palustris and southern marsh- orchid Dactylorhiza praetermissa. It is surrounded by an area of mature Alder carr woodland with species such as Ash and Oak.

There is an extended breeding season with clutches of half a dozen or more eggs being laid in a shallow scraped nest lined with grasses on the ground, often concealed in a grass tussock or shrubby bush. These are incubated by the female for the three-week incubation period. The newly hatched chicks are precocial and are cared for by both parents for a while, with the male taking on the caring role after two weeks to allow the female to start on the next clutch of eggs.

It is the longest running conservation programme in New Zealand. With the aim of protecting the native bird populations, the New Zealand Department of Conservation started a program in 2002 to control stoats in the area. In 2007, a population increase of stoats in the mountains after a beech and tussock mast seeding led to a halving of the takahē population. The numbers of red deer in the Murchison Mountains steadily grew between 1930 and 1973 but hunting on foot and helicopter reduced the population by 60% between 1973 and 1975.

Wooded areas of Billsmoor Park support alder (Alnus glutinosa) with some hazel (Corylus avellana) on lower lying wet soils, and an undergrowth of soft rush (Juncus effusus), tufted hair grass (Deschampsia cespitosa), wood-sedge (Carex sylvatica), greater-tussock sedge (C. paniculata) and pendulous sedge (C. pendula). Birch is found on steeper sections of the valley. Above the woodlands, open areas of the site support bracken and occasional birch, with grassland composed of mat grass (Nardus stricta), sheep's fescue (Festuca ovina), sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) and common bent (Agrostis capillaris).

Wave Hill is located about east of Kalkaringi, south east of Timber Creek and about south of Darwin in the Northern Territory. The station occupies an area of and encompasses part of the Victoria River, which bisects the station. The land is situated on high open downs with basalt plains and covered in Mitchell grass, and is well watered by the Victoria River to the west and the Camfield River to the east as well as numerous creeks. The northern portion of the property is predominantly vertisols covered in tussock grassland.

The mountains are rich in flora with about 25% of the country's plant species being found above the treeline in alpine plant habitats and grassland with mountain beech forest at lower elevations (of the eastern side but not in Westland). The cold windswept slopes above the treeline are covered with areas of fellfield. To the east, the Alps descend to the Canterbury-Otago tussock grasslands. Plants adapted to the alpine conditions include woody shrubs like Hebe, Dracophyllum, and Coprosma, the conifer snow totara (Podocarpus nivalis) and Carex sedge grasses.

Sections of the deciduous woods on the northern side of the Annick Water from the old mansion house have a rich plant diversity, indicating that they are long established and not just plantations on previously cleared land. These woodlands contain plants such as Male Shield Fern, Lady Fern, Tuberous Comfrey, Tussock Grass, Bluebells, Dog's Mercury, Opposite-Leaved Golden Saxifrage, Woodrush, Sanicle, Enchanter's Nightshade and Wood Sorrel. Agrimony is another unusual find, growing in a riparian position on the Annick Water bank, together with wild mint, just upstream of the old railway viaduct.

The species is found in only three regions on New Zealand's South Island: the South Branch Hurunui River valley, Hawdon River valley, and the Poulter valley. In addition, there are four translocated populations, found on Maud Island, Blumine Island, Chalky Island, and Mayor Island / Tuhua.Gaze, P., Cash, B. (2008) A history of wildlife translocations in the Marlborough Sounds, Occasional Publication No. 72, Nelson: Department of Conservation In the South Island, the parakeet is predominantly found only in Nothofagus/Fuscospora (beech) forest with some reports from alpine and subalpine tussock and open matagouri shrubland.Harrison, M. (1970).

Some bogs and fens exist and support some freshwater plant species, but these are not common on the islands. Bolax gummifera Tussac grass, which averages in height but can reach up to , consists of a tussock of vegetation around a fibrous central pedestal. They are known to live for over 200 years, and can become large enough for birds to nest on them. Due to the need for high humidity and salty air, tussac grass is not found more than away from the coast, causing it to form bands around larger islands.

Gahnia aspera known as the rough saw-sedge or round sawsedge is a tussock forming perennial plant, often seen in moist situations. The long strap like leaves grow to 80 cm long.Cundall. P., (2008) Native Plants: The definitive guide to Australian plants, Global Book Publishing Lane Cove, N.S.W, page 68, Originally described by botanist Robert Brown as Lampocarya aspera in his 1810 work Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae, it was placed in its current genus by German botanist Curt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel in 1825. Its specific name aspera is the Latin adjective asper "rough".

South Georgia pintails breed in solitary pairs during a long breeding season from late October to early March. Their nests are frequently sited some distance away from water; they are well concealed in tussock grass, often on a shallow platform of grass stems and down feathers above the ground and shielded from above by overhanging vegetation.Parmelee (1980), p.73. When returning from feeding, they usually land some distance away from the nest before creeping to it through the undergrowth, so as not to lead predatory birds to the vulnerable eggs and chicks.

The Around the Mountains Cycle Trail is recognised as one of New Zealand's 22 Great Rides. The Around the Mountains Cycle Trail offers alpine vista views, a glimpse at the pristine waters of the Mavora Lakes (an awe-inspiring location featured in the Lord of the Rings Trilogy), as well as being able to cycle alongside the Oreti River and Mataura River, through native tussock lands and authentic high country farms. The trail can also include a ride on the century-old coal-fired steamship, the TSS Earnslaw.

Monitoring of pair fidelity at South Georgia has shown around three-quarters of pairs will breed together again the following year. Adult macaroni penguins typically begin to breed late in October, and lay their eggs in early November. The nest itself is a shallow scrape in the ground which may be lined with some pebbles, stones, or grass, or nestled in a clump of tussock grass (on South Georgia Island). Nests are densely packed, ranging from around 66 cm apart in the middle of a colony to 86 cm at the edges.

Butterflies are considered to be poorly represented in New Zealand, and thus those species that are present are considered to be culturally important for maintaining biodiversity.(Gibbs, 1961) This would be particularly significant in the case of species such as the common tussock which are unable to be found elsewhere. The native Maori have never used butterflies for anything culturally, however, butterflies are called pūrerehua, or commonly, pupa, which translates to "nod". This is due to the likeness to nodding that the pupa's abdomen has as it bends back and forth during flight.

The Plateau de Beille is a Zone naturelle d'intérêt écologique, faunistique et floristique [Natural Zone of Ecological Interest, Fauna and Flora] (ZNIEFF) type I. Its habitat consists of short lawns, forests of Pinus uncinata at altitude, a beech-fir forest on its lower slopes, moorland and some bogs. In the bogs are oblong-leaved sundew (Drosera intermedia), round- leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia) and bog club moss (Lycopodiella inundata), rare and protected species, but also the marsh cinquefoil (Comarum palustre) and tussock cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum).Pierre-Damien Dessarps, ibid., p.12.

Elizabeth Blackwell 1679 hand coloured print by Maria Sibylla Merian of a dandelion as plant host to the pale tussock moth Dandelions are thought to have evolved about 30 million years ago in Eurasia. Fossil seeds of Taraxacum tanaiticum have been recorded from the Pliocene of southern Russia.The Pliocene flora of Kholmech, southeastern Belarus and its correlation with other Pliocene floras of Europe by Felix Yu. VELICHKEVICH and Ewa ZASTAWNIAK - Acta Palaeobot. 43(2): 137–259, 2003 Dandelions have been used by humans for food and as an herb for much of recorded history.

Yellow-crowned parakeets prefer the upper canopies of tall, unbroken stub and forest, though they have been observed at high-altitude tussock meadows and on some of the subantarctic islands. A notably favoured habitat is mixed podocarp/nothofagus forest. The preference of C. auriceps for the upper canopies may have placed it at an advantage in comparison to the red-crowned parakeet, as it likely reduced the risk from predators. These parakeets are endemic to New Zealand and range across the main islands, as well as Ewing Island in the Auckland Islands.

The caterpillar forms a shelter by joining several grass stems together with silk in the middle of a tussock where it lies and pupates. The adult butterflies are dark brown in colour and identified by several white spots on each forewing, but the hindwings have arcs of white spots. Another identifying feature is the presence of chequered termen to both surfaces each wing, which is broader in the females. The males are differentiated from the females as they have a sex brand on the upper forewing surfaces consisting of a short diagonal black line.

The African crake has a range of calls, the most characteristic being a series of rapid grating krrr notes. It is active during the day, and is territorial on both the breeding and non-breeding grounds; the male has a threat display, and may fight at territory boundaries. The nest is a shallow cup of grass leaves built in a depression under a grass tussock or small bush. The 3–11 eggs start hatching after about 14 days, and the black, downy precocial chicks fledge after four to five weeks.

A flushed crake will frequently land in a wet area or behind a thicket, and crouch on landing. In short grass, it can escape from a dog using its speed and manoeuvrability, running with the body held almost horizontal. It may roost in a depression near grass tussock and it will bathe in puddles. The African crake is territorial on both the breeding and non-breeding grounds; the male threat display involves the bird standing upright and spreading the feathers of the flanks and belly like a fan to show the barred underparts.

Eastburn Station has provided a number of viewing areas. The distant views down and over Lake Hayes, Arrowtown and the airport to Queenstown are stunning. From the Crown Saddle the road follows the Cardrona creek which becomes the Cardrona River flowing down the iconic snow tussock valley until it opens out at the small settlement of Cardrona. The area was heavily populated during the Central Otago goldrush of the 1860s, the town of Cardrona, now little more than a dot on the map, briefly having a population of several thousand prospectors.

That landscape became greener in the 1960s and 1970s as native tussock was converted to European pasture, a process protested in the works of the artist Marilynn Webb. But the postwar prosperity of farming ended with the 1970s. In October 1977 the Taieri County was merged with its northern neighbour Waikouaiti County, thus Strath Taieri became part of the new Silverpeaks County surrounding Dunedin and its boroughs in an inland arc. Rural recession intensified and in 1989 Silverpeaks County was merged into a new, much enlarged, City of Dunedin.

In the Semliki National Park in the west of the country, the vegetation is predominantly medium altitude moist evergreen to semi-deciduous forest with Cynometra alexandri being the dominant species of tree. In the east, Mount Elgon has several vegetation zones. At lower altitudes there is montane forest with Olea hochstetteri and Pouteria adolfi-friedericii, which give way to Afrocarpus gracilior and olive forest at higher altitudes. Higher still, there is a zone of Afrocarpus and the bamboo Yushania alpina, and the summit moorland has tussock grasses, heaths, low herbs, giant lobelias and groundsels.

It is assumed to be monogamous and to breed throughout the range. Females are responsible for nest construction, which takes about one week to complete. Nests are wedged into tussock stems close to the ground (usually <1m height) in clumps of Z. paradoxa and Australian boxthorn (Lychan austral). The nest consists of a truncated cup or dome of varying dimensions made from grasses such as A. holathera with Z. paradoxa strands woven in to the base, while an inner cup consists of finer grass and sometimes downy plant material or spider silk.

Nest is a bulky domed structure of spinifex spines, lined with bark strips, grass, plant down and feathers, close to the ground and well concealed, usually in a spinifex tussock. Eggs are rounded oval, white to pinkish white, finely textured and sparsely marked with purplish-red spots and blotches, mainly at the larger end. A clutch of 2, rarely 3 eggs is incubated by the female for 13–14 days. Upon hatching, both parents observed to be equally active in the feeding of chicks, and removal of faecal sacs.

A single egg is laid in a large nest, typically built on steep slopes or cliffs with tussock grass, and incubated for 72 days. Studies at South Georgia's Bird Island have shown that the growing chick is fed of food every 1.2 days, with the chick increasing in weight to around . Chicks then tend to lose weight before fledging, which happens after 141 days. Chick will generally not return to the colony for 6–7 years after fledging, and will not breed for the first time until several years after that.

The remnant native forest in the area is classified as heathy dry forest and has been subject to selective logging and other forms of disturbance for many years. The dominant trees include messmate, candlebark, red stringybark, narrow-leaved peppermint, broad-leaved peppermint, scent–bark and swamp gum forming an open overstorey about 20 m in height. The understorey is a low and sparse shrub layer containing myrtle wattle, black wattle, golden bush-pea, drooping cassinia, heath tea-tree, common heath, small grass-tree, austral bracken and grey tussock-grass.Loyn et al. (2009).

Van Breukelen returned to his home country to play for PSV Eindhoven. In his first year, the team missed out on the Eredivisie title and were also eliminated by Van Breukelen's old team FC Utrecht in the semi-finals of the Dutch cup. But in the following two years, PSV did secured the league championship – Van Breukelen's first major trophies. In a match between Feyenoord and PSV in 1987, Van Breukelen was involved in an error that became known in The Netherlands as ‘het polletje van Van Breukelen’ (‘Van Breukelen's tussock’).

Triodia hummocks in the Pilbara region It is native to and found only in Western Australia, where it lives in pebbly soils in arid tussock grassland and acacia woodland. Like other pebble-mound mice, the western pebble-mound mouse creates its own microhabitat by scattering a mound of pebbles around its burrows. The air temperature around the pebbles warms up faster in the morning than the pebbles themselves, causing the formation of small droplets of dew by condensation. The vegetation at the preferred habitat, hummock grasslands, is Triodia basedowii, Cassia.

Some southern South Island populations produce dense tussock-like plants without extensive stolons. Numerous tough, roughly textured leaves are borne in dense tufts on well- spaced, short, upright stems (tillers), along the length of stolons. The narrow leaves are 2–5 mm wide, with colour ranging from bright green when young through golden yellow to a deep orange on mature plants. Small, dark brown flowers appear in spring and are arranged spirally in tight clusters around the upper 10–30 cm of the upright stem (culm), interspersed with leaf- like bracts.

It is most common in tussock grassland, stony areas and river beds. It is common in the eastern South Island, and found in a few coastal localities in the North Island south from the mouth of the Waikato River. As with other Discaria species it fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere with the help of symbiotic bacteria of the genus Frankia in its roots. It often grows in association with mingimingi (Coprosma propinqua), porcupine shrub (Melicytus alpinus, an alpine mahoe), native brooms (Carmichaelia species) and the introduced sweet briar (Rosa rubiginosa), the last a weed.

Oligosoma infrapunctatum is a widespread but patchily distributed skink with a distribution spanning the North Island from the Bay of Plenty south, and the South Island in the Marlborough Sounds, Nelson and Westland regions. It occurs in open forest, scrubland and tussock grassland from sea level to the subalpine zone,Gill, B. & Whitaker, T. (2001) New Zealand frogs and reptiles. David Bateman, Auckland. on boulder beaches in the Westland region of the South Island Whitaker, A.H. & Lyall, J. (2004) Conservation of lizards in West Coast/Tai Poutini Conservancy.

Nesting sites are usually well concealed clumps of spinifex grass, however pairs have been seen to nest in natural cavities near the top of a clump or on the ground at the base. Nesting sites may occasionally also include other species of tussock grasses or in low shrubs. Individuals build loose, bottle shaped or domed nests with a wide entrance and usually consists of stems of spinifex but may also contain other grass stems, twigs or rootlets. The nest is often lined with feathers, plant down, hairy seeds, grass, wool, fur or balls of fluff.

Among them is the stonefly, the mayfly, the caddisfly, the simulium, the subfamily of tanypodinae, and the Hydracarina. Non-native species, such as the black-footed spider, the beech scale, the white-marked tussock moth, and the mountain ash sawfly have also made their home in the Petitcodiac River watershed. At the southern extremities of the watershed, 50 to 90 percent of the world's semipalmated sandpipers feed on the mud shrimp at Shepody Bay. Around 269,445 stop there before migrating to South America, a number which accounts for at least 7.7 percent of the total population.

As the track leads around the moraine wall damming Mueller Glacier lake, it crosses Hooker River again, this time upstream of Mueller Glacier lake. After this second bridge (Hooker Bluff Bridge), the track continues north further into the wide Hooker Valley, gradually revealing an open view towards the peaks of Aoraki / Mount Cook, which remain visible for the entire second half of the track. The vegetation in this section of the track changes to snow tussock, spear grass, large mountain daisies, and Mount Cook Lily. All of these alpine plants flower in the summer months between December and February.

It then becomes a series of long narrow fields bordered by scrub/woodland on the upper edges of the Valley, which are very lightly grazed by cattle. This section of the Valley is owned by the Loose Amenities Association and is managed purely for wildlife, landscape and recreation. It was designated a Conservation Area in September 2000. The village pond in Loose was recently surveyed and contained a mixture of the following species: water mint, meadowsweet, common reed mace, water dropwort, bittersweet, yellow iris, branched bur-reed, greater tussock sedge, brooklime, water figwort, water forget-me-not, great willowherb, and marsh marigold.

The accumulation of peat in the swamp is very rapid with most of the peat being formed in the past 25,000 years with up to of very fresh peat preserved. This is a very rapid accumulation rate, especially for temperate Australia. Wingecarribee Swamp has a number of plant communities represented including Eucalyptus ovata open woodland, Poa australis closed tussock grassland, Leptospermum ovatum tall shrubland, Sphagnum christatum mossland, Carex gaudichaudiana closed sedgeland, Phragmites communis tall closed grassland, Eleocharis dulcis typha muelleri open sedgeland, Triglochin procerum-carex sp. aquatic sedgeland and Lepyrodia anarthria open rushland which is the dominant community.

The area is important as a feeding ground for migrating and wintering birds and for summer visitors and waterfowl. Reed Warbler and Sedge Warbler nest in the common reed which grows along the margins of the pools and Coot, Gadwall, Mallard and Moorhen, Teal and Water Rail also breed. The moors were once grazed and the fields have a rich wet grassland flora with Greater Tussock-sedge, Hemlock Water-dropwort, Purple Loosestrife, Royal Fern, Water Mint and Yellow Iris. The acidic boggy areas support Bog Pimpernel, Bog Stitchwort and Marsh St John’s-wort with Lesser Spearwort in the wetter areas.

The grassland adjacent to the wood is home to a variety of species typical of wet, acidic grassland, species and their habitat which are uncommon on the Isle of Wight. The most diverse area of the Wilderness SSSI is where water flushes out of the soil and the sward is dominated by sedges and rushes among which are cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium) and other wetland grasses and herbs. In summary, the Wilderness is an unusual site where oak and alder woodland has grown in peaty soils, where the herb layer is dominated by large clumps of tussock sedge.

Admiral George Grey, surveying the Falkland Islands in 1836, says in his journal entry of 21 December - :"The Swan Islands are low and covered in tussock excepting the centre of the largest one where there is some clear ground with a sort of clear water lake in it where one of the Midshipmen killed a wild swan; we had been told that there were a number of wild pigs on this island, but I did not succeed in killing any, although I landed 50 men to beat the island." It is perhaps from this swan that the islands derive their name.

Eragrostis truncata (Afrikaans: bloupolgras, "blue tussock" Also: gemsbokgras ("deer grass"), kwaggagras ("quagga grass"), kwaggakweek ("quagga growth"), kalkgras ("lime grass")) is a grass native to Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa. Found most abundantly in the Nama Karoo, the plant is registered under the SANBI Red List as "safe" (LC). The root stock is short and branched, and the plant is a perennial with clumped seeds. In the Gemsbok National Park portion of Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, the species is found mainly on the banks of the Nossob River, along with such grasses as Enneapogon desvauxii, Stipagrostis obtusa, Eragrostis echinochloidea, Sporobolus rangei, and Schmidtia kalahariensis.

Mouse-ear hawkweed has become a common introduced invasive species in North America (where it is found in southern Canada and both north-east and north-west United States), and New Zealand. It is a level C noxious weed in the United States (with higher levels in the states of Washington and Oregon), and a weed in Quebec. It does not have special designations in other locations of Canada. It is known to be strongly invasive in New Zealand's tussock fields, where there are no native species of hawkweed, and biological control measures are being undertaken to control it and other similar species.

The trail crosses farmland and areas of subalpine tussock, passing close to Loganburn Reservoir, formerly the Great Moss Swamp. Beyond Paerau, the trail becomes far rougher as it passes above the meanders and oxbow lakes of the upper Taieri River's scroll plain, and then descends towards Poolburn Reservoir, best known as a location during the filming of The Lord of the Rings trilogy of films. From here it turns toward the valley of the Manuherikia River, finishing at Moa Creek. Today, the trail is a public road, ranging in quality from chip-sealed road to gravel track.

Many canals have been built in the Basin, diverting water to generate hydroelectricity. The original vegetation cover prior to human settlement has been completely transformed in the basin and indeed most of the surrounding Canterbury-Otago tussock grasslands ecoregion, initially due to fires lit by Maori and European settlers, and in more recent times by farming activity and by pests. The extensive network of canals for hydroelectric schemes posed a threat to the black stilt (or kaki), an endangered river wading bird. A captive breeding programme was set up and it is administered by the Department of Conservation.

It has become rare on King Island, due to land clearing and possibly competition with the introduced common starling (Sturnus vulgaris) for nesting sites. During breeding season there it is restricted to the Pegarah forest, though may venture elsewhere at other times. It lives in most habitats with some form of tree cover up to 1500 m (5000 ft) above sea level. These include temperate beech rainforest (where it generally keeps to the canopy), wet and dry sclerophyll forest, woodland, Melaleuca shrubland, coastal heath, dwarf alpine conifer forest, sedgeland, buttongrass moors, tussock grassland, as well as fields, orchards and urban parks and gardens.

The fruit bodies of Podoserpula pusio grow on the ground, on well-rotted stumps, or among decaying tussock grass. They are presumed to be saprobic, and obtain nutrients by breaking down larger organic molecules found in the soil or in decaying wood. P. miranda in contrast, is thought to be ectomycorrhizal, as it appears to associate with Arillastrum gummiferum, the predominant canopy tree in the forests where it is found. The nominate variety is found in Australasia, but in 1997 it was reported in a protected area near Antananarivo in Madagascar, and in 2009 on the Falkland Islands.

The golden bandicoot lives in spinifex and tussock grasslands, and it used to be widely distributed in arid deserts and the surrounding semi-arid areas as well as tropical forests and woodlands. In Northern Kimberly, it is found along the margins of rainforests lined with sandstone, and in the Yampi Peninsula it inhabits eucalypt woodlands. On Augustus and Marchinbar Islands it lives amongst sandstone in hummock grassland and heath or eucalypt woodlands, and on Barrow and Middle Islands it is found in grasslands and coastal shrub. Its range once included the Gibson, Great Sandy, Great Victoria, Little Sandy, and Tanami deserts.

As of 2016, it covered an area of . In 2008, the conservation park was described by Gail Gago, the then Minister for Environment and Conservation as follows: > Vivigani Ardune Conservation Park is well covered in intact native > vegetation and provides an important link between other properties managed > for conservation. The land contains regionally threatened vegetation > associations (dryland tea-tree woodland and tussock grassland), regionally > threatened flora (Blue Devil), and fauna of conservation significance, > including the Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo, the Little Lorikeet, the Diamond > Firetail, and the Red-necked Wallaby. The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category III protected area.

The wingspan is . There is one generation per year in Great Britain, but there are possibly two generations in continental Europe. Dissection is necessary to separate the moth from the similar Elachista albidella and Elachista eleochariella. The larvae feed on lesser pond-sedge (Carex acutiformis), Carex brizoides, distant sedge (Carex distans), brown sedge (Carex disticha), star sedge (Carex echinata), Carex elata, glaucous sedge (Carex flacca), hairy sedge (Carex hirta), Carex muricata, greater tussock-sedge (Carex paniculata), Carex remota, greater pond sedge (Carex riparia), spiked sedge (Carex spicata), bladder sedge (Carex vesicaria), fescue (Festuca species), saltmarsh rush (Juncus gerardii) and Scirus sylvaticus.

With the sun up, he was able to see where she went every day, and it turned out that she'd pull a clump of tussock from the ground, and descend a large tunnel to the underworld. Māui was encouraged to follow their mother to the underworld in the form of a . Once he arrived there he found a group of people sitting on a patch of grass in a grove of trees, from which he dropped berries onto his parents' heads. Upon Māui transforming back into a human, his mother recognised him as the child who used to live with her other sons.

The vegetation in the valleys to the east, in particular the Tasman Valley, is noticeably less lush than that on the western slopes of the mountain. Forest would normally grow to about 1,300 m in this area, but a lack of soil due to scree, rock falls and the effects of glaciation prevent this in most localities around the mountain. Snow tussock and other alpine plants cling to as high as 1,900 m. Above the snowline, only lichen can be found amongst the rock, snowfields and ice that dominate the highest parts of Aoraki / Mt Cook.

Typical Scottsdale flora in a small gully. An extensive ecosystem restoration program is underway at Scottsdale with a nursery on site propagating plants including grasses such as river tussock (Poa labillardierei), shrubs such as the silver wattle (Acacia dealbata) and trees including yellowbox (Eucalyptus melliodora). In addition to propagating the more common species expected to be present in the vegetation communities mentioned above, Scottsdale is host to the silver-leafed mountain gum (Eucalyptus pulverulenta). Only ten natural populations of the silver-leafed mountain gum are thought to still exist in Australia and it has been listed as vulnerable to extinction.

The region is sparsely populated, with the largest centres being Ranfurly, Naseby, Wedderburn and Oturehua. Part of the Canterbury-Otago tussock grasslands the land surrounding the plain is hilly, with many outcrops of rock which also break up the plain in places. The scenery between Omakau and Ranfurly appeared in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy as the location for many of the scenes set in Rohan. During the 1860s the region was one of the sites of the Central Otago goldrush, and relics from that era can still be seen around the towns of Kyeburn, Naseby, and St. Bathans.

Inaccessible Island rails forage under tussock grass The foraging method used by the Inaccessible Island rail is slow and deliberate and has been compared to that of a mouse, and the bird occupies a similar ecological niche. They feed on a range of invertebrates, including earthworms, amphipods, isopods, mites and a range of insects such as beetles, flies, moths and caterpillars. Centipedes are taken as well, and an introduced species of centipede forms an important part of their diet. Along with animal prey they will take the berries of Empetrum and Nertera as well as the seeds of the dock Rumex.

Butler's ringlet appears very similar to some species of the genus Erebia, and was included in that genus until 1967, when Erebia butleri was reclassified as Erebiola butleri due to structural differences found between butleri and other members of the genus Erebia. Butler's ringlet is visually similar to the black mountain ringlet, Percnodaimon pluto. The two species may be differentiated by where the individual in question is sighted. Butler's ringlet prefers to fly over vegetation, settling among snow-tussock, subalpine shrubs and herbaceous flowers, whereas the black mountain ringlet tends to congregate over rock and scree.

Calliphora quadrimaculata Calliphora quadrimaculata, commonly known as the New Zealand blue blowfly and by its Maori name rango pango, is an insect in the genus Calliphora of family Calliphoridae in the order Diptera. This particular blowfly is found throughout New Zealand as well as on Chatham, Auckland, Stewart and Campbell Islands that surround New Zealand. Generally blowfly maggots in New Zealand have to feed on animal tissue or faeces to develop into adult blowflies. However the New Zealand blue blowfly larvae can survive on decaying leaves of snow tussock in alpine regions and reach adult maturity without feeding on any animal tissue.

Juncus pallidus, commonly known as the great soft-rush pale rush, giant rush, or leafless rush is a species of rush that is native to southern Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, and Lord Howe Island. It is a vigorous, tufted, tussock-forming, rhizomatous perennial herb with culms growing to 70–135 cm in height. The inflorescence, which is 25–185 mm long, contains many straw coloured flowers, each with six floral segments. It is usually found in moist, nutrient-poor soils subject to periodic flooding, such as fresh and brackish waterways, including swamps, creek banks, lake edges and sand seeps.

Eulepidotis affinis, Panama Apantesis arge caterpillar (Arctiinae) Halysidota tessellaris, cocoon The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea. The family is among the largest families of moths by species count and contains a wide variety of well-known macromoth groups. The family includes the underwings (Catocala); litter moths (Herminiinae); tiger, lichen, and wasp moths (Arctiinae); tussock moths (Lymantriinae), including the arctic woolly bear moth (Gynaephora groenlandica); piercing moths (Calpinae and others); micronoctuoid moths (Micronoctuini); snout moths (Hypeninae); and zales, though many of these common names can also refer to moths outside the Erebidae (for example, crambid snout moths). Some of the erebid moths are called owlets.

As a consequence, in 2000 Natural Temperate Grassland of the Southern Tablelands of NSW and the Australian Capital Territory was listed as Endangered under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Throughout its range, only 3% of the Natural Temperate Grassland remains in high ecological integrity, relative to its pre-European settlement extent. Natural Temperate Grassland at Queanbeyan Nature Reserve occupies most of the larger, southern section but in the smaller, northern section occurs only as small patches. The remnant community at Queanbeyan Nature Reserve has been classified as Wallaby- grass - Tall Speargrass – Common Everlastings Tussock Grassland of the South Eastern Highlands bioregion.

The bare ground in inter- tussock spaces is considered to be an important micro-habitat for the species. Larvae feed exclusively on the roots of wallaby grasses and adult Golden Sun Moths, which do not feed, live for only one to for days. The flight period usually lasts from six to eight weeks during November and December in the Queanbeyan region, and adult moths emerge continuously throughout this period. Males Golden Sun Moths fly only in bright sunshine during the warmest part of the day Female Golden Sun Moth have reduced hind wings and rarely fly, though males are capable of active and prolonged flight.

Omarama was traditionally a wool growing area Although traditionally sheep country, Omarama area farms, along with those within the rest of the Mackenzie Basin, have rapidly converted to predominantly dairy farming, due to falling sheep meat and wool prices, and the recent boom in dairy product earnings. The dairy conversion has made major changes to the local environment, with iconic tussock lands being ploughed and replaced by pasture, facilitated by new irrigation schemes. Large centre pivot irrigators and private canal networks now dominate much of the landscape. Recently however, diminishing returns on dairy-based agriculture have led to farmers investigating alternative methods and practices, some now experimenting with biofuel crops.

This species can re-sprout again after wildfires from a bole-shaped rootstock, although it seems to need some protection from wildfires and is always found growing among rocks. Pollination occurs through the action of birds and insects. The seed is not stored on the plant, is released nine to twelve months after the flowers are formed, and is dispersed by action of the wind. The plant grows in alpine grasslands and among rocks at heights of 1,600 m to 2,200 metres in South Africa, and peaty tussock grassland at 2,300 to 2,400 metres altitude, perhaps higher, at the summit of a single mountain in Zimbabwe.

Lakes Alexandrina and Tekapo in the northern Mackenzie Basin. High country is a New Zealand term for the elevated pastoral land of the South Island and - to a lesser extent - North Island. This terrain, which can be compared loosely with the outback of Australia, high veldt of South Africa and pampas of Argentina, lies in the rain shadow of the country's mountain ranges and tends to be extensively farmed land with a continental climate consisting of low rainfall, cold winters and hot summers. Livestock farmed in these regions include sheep and - increasingly - deer and alpaca, and a major ground- covering plant of the area is tussock.

The nests were placed on the ground or inside the base of a tussock; in the latter case the birds would rearrange the dried dead leaves to form a roofed cavity reached through a small tunnel some long. Nests were lined with soft dried plant material and down of seabirds. The clutch consisted of 3 or less frequently two eggs (as opposed to some 5–10 for related continental rails). These were oval without being conspicuously more rounded on one end, measuring 31 x 21 mm and being pale olive buff in base color, irregularly marked all over in pale raw sienna or purplish grey.

During the breeding season, males experience hormonal changes, including an increase in luteinising hormone and testosterone levels, and their testicles double in size. Males construct a rough nest in a semi-sheltered hollow on the ground, using bark, grass, sticks and leaves to line it. The nest is almost always a flat surface rather than a segment of a sphere, although in cold conditions the nest is taller, up to tall, and more spherical to provide some extra heat retention. When other material is lacking, the bird sometimes uses a spinifex tussock a metre or so across, despite the prickly nature of the foliage.

These grasslands are now mostly utilised as pasture with overgrazing, increased occurrence of fire and urban development all causing damage, while waterways are subject to alteration. Original wildlife has also been damaged by introduced plants including lodgepole pine broom and sweet briar while hawkweed and other weeds can more easily establish themselves when land is overgrazed. Introduced species of animals that cause damage including possums, goats, red-necked wallaby, and red deer along with predators such as cats, rats, stoats and ferrets. Protection of the tussock grassland is an ongoing concern and a project of the Department of Conservation working with local communities to establish protected areas and restrict grazing.

The stream was somewhat more complicated; it was originally proposed to be renamed to "Steelhead Stream", but eventually the Māori name for the Carex secta (a tussock grass that grows in the area), Pūkio Stream, was favored instead. The proposed change of name was accepted with the Land Information New Zealand Minister Louise Upston stating "These names reflect a time when attitudes towards this word were markedly different to what they are now. It is a word that is clearly offensive to most people today, so I am pleased to make this decision." The name change was made official on 15 December 2016 after being published in the New Zealand Gazette.

The biomes occupied by golden eagles are roughly concurrent with those of Eurasia. In western and northern Alaska and northern Canada to the Ungava Peninsula in Quebec, the eagles occupy the Arctic fringe of North America (the species does not range into the true high Arctic tundra), where open canopy gives way to dwarf-shrub heathland with cottongrass and tussock tundra. In land-locked areas of the sub-Arctic, golden eagles are by far the largest raptor. From the Alaska Range to Washington and Oregon, it is often found in high mountains above the tree line or on bluffs and cliffs along river valleys below the tree line.

The state-sponsored control of foxes offered new hope for the species, but along with the native numbat, numbers were decimated by feral cats, which flourished after fox numbers were brought under control. A major program to control feral cats has seen the number of both woylies and numbats begin to increase, although populations remain vastly reduced from even recent decades. Today, the species lives mostly in open sclerophyll forest and Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands eucalypt assemblages, with a dense low understory of tussock grasses. However, this versatile species is also known to have once inhabited a wide range of habitats, including low arid scrub or desert spinifex grasslands.

Male common tussocks are known to fly fast and more frequently, whilst the females are smaller spend more time amongst flowers and grass to lay their eggs. The flight period of common tussock butterflies extends from November to March, as evidenced in a study of Argyrophenga in central Otago, which revealed an abundance of A. antipodum in various grassland host plants present from late November to late February. It has also been noted that the common tussock's ability to cover relatively large flight distances, an observation made when a marked male was recaptured one week later approximately 1 kilometre away from the location of original capture.

Connor served on various statutory authorities, including the North Canterbury Nasella Tussock Board, the North Canterbury Catchment Board and the Mount Cook National Park Board. In 2000, Connor was awarded the Hutton Medal of the Royal Society of New Zealand jointly with Elizabeth Edgar for their contributions to the documentation and botanical classification of New Zealand flora. Together they authored the final volume, volume 5, of the series Flora of New Zealand devoted to grasses, which was published in 2000. Connor was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit in the 2002 Queen's Birthday and Golden Jubilee Honours for services to botany.

Oenanthe deserti homochroa egg MHNT The desert wheatear tends to perch on a bush, tussock or grass or other eminence and dart to the ground beneath to pounce on insects and other small invertebrates, though it can also catch insects in the air. The diet usually consists of ants, beetles, caterpillars and flies and the larvae of various insects including ant-lions. In addition to these, seeds have also been found in its stomach. It is able to hover for short periods and when it finds a large prey insect, with which it is unable to cope, it sometimes displays in front of it by fluttering its wings.

Kawarau Gorge, where Roaring Meg joins the Kawarau River, in central Otago The country's fourth-longest river, the Taieri, also has both its source and outflow in Otago, rising from rough hill country and following a broad horseshoe-shaped path, north, then east, and finally southeast, before reaching the Pacific Ocean. Along its course it forms two notable geographic features – the broad high valley of the Strath-Taieri in its upper reaches, and the fertile Taieri Plains as it approaches the ocean. Travelling east from the mountains, the Central Otago drylands predominate. These are Canterbury-Otago tussock grasslands dominated by the block mountains, upthrust schist mountains.

The Ethiopian wolf uses all Afroalpine habitats, but has a preference for open areas containing short herbaceous and grassland communities inhabited by rodents, which are most abundant along flat or gently sloping areas with poor drainage and deep soils. Prime wolf habitat in the Bale Mountains consists of short Alchemilla herbs and grasses, with low vegetation cover. Other favourable habitats consist of tussock grasslands, high-altitude scrubs rich in Helichrysum, and short grasslands growing in shallow soils. In its northern range, the wolf's habitat is composed of plant communities characterised by a matrix of Festuca tussocks, Euryops bushes, and giant lobelias, all of which are favoured by the wolf's rodent prey.

Between 1,300 m and 1,900 m and in the valleys, the vegetation is predominately snow tussock grassland, as well as golden speargrass, large mountain daisies/tikumu (Celmisia semicordata, Celmisia coriacea), and Mount Cook lily, (Ranunculus lyallii), the largest buttercup in the world. All of these plants flower in the warmer months from November to February – early in the season in the valley floors, and late at higher altitudes. At the highest rocks of Aoraki / Mount Cook, around 14 species of lichen have been found. The native vegetation continues to be under threat by introduced plant species ranging from non-native trees through to lupins, broom and non-native grasses.

Breeding behavior commences with a courtship chase with the female running in a crouch, pursued by the male, who adopts a more upright stance and has his neck outstretched. The female may stop and lower her head and tail to allow copulation; this takes just a few seconds, but may be repeated several times in an hour. The nest is a shallow cup of grass leaves, sometimes with a loose canopy, built in a depression and hidden under a grass tussock or small bush; it may be on dry ground or slightly raised above standing water, or occasionally floating. The nest is about across with the internal cup deep, and wide.

From 1942 to 1945, New Zealand scientists were stationed on sub-Antarctic islands during World War II (to prevent their use as refuges by German surface raiders). The sinking of the British (but British and New Zealand crewed) ship Turakina by a German raider in the Tasman Sea is said to have given the notion priority for execution as those taken prisoner and then released described being taken to a harbour with snow and tussock. The idea was that scientists would not become bored but pursue their research. The stationing of the scientists was known for security reasons in scientific publications that ensued as the "Cape Expedition".

The island is an important sanctuary, not only because it has never been colonised by possums, but also because it contains much ecological diversity in habitats ranging from wetlands to forests to alpine areas, with the highest mountains on the island reaching around 1,000 m. The most widespread forest type on the island is beech-broadleaved forest, while the alpine areas comprise mainly tussock, but also wetlands and tarns. Over 400 indigenous species have been recorded on the island, which is considerably more than on the surrounding mainland. Among the plants are six endangered species, such as several types of endemic mistletoe, and over a dozen nationally uncommon species.

Preferred habitat of Galaxias vulgaris is fast flowing sections of stream which are well aerated and with open tussock grassland. Here, they inhabit the areas between and under rocks during the day and venture out into the more open areas of water to feed in the evening and night as Galaxias vulgaris generalized is solitary, nocturnal and largely cryptic invertebrate predator. Due to introduced trout, they are often excluded from the main base of rivers, or smaller over crowded rivers, but they can be found in side braids and tributaries. As Galaxais vulgaris is a non-migratory fish, populations are confined to the river systems in which they are born.

To regenerate and retain habitat, stock intensities can be reduced or exclude grazing to help vegetation regrow and cultivation should be restricted around remnant habitats. It is key to retain the grassland they live in which can be achieved by ensuring the full cycle of grass development such as seed setting and tussock formation. Stop the removal of stick and leaf litter, understory shrubs and fallen logs as habitat for the species, other types of habitat to maintain include species of Triodia and any nesting sites or food sources. These strategies are important to boost this species since it is still listed as vulnerable.

The northern birch mouse is largely herbivorous and feeds on buds, shoots, grass seeds and berries, but it also takes earthworms, insects and snails, often finding these under loose bark. It is a skilful climber and often clambers around in trees and shrubs, gripping the twigs and branches with its five-toed feet and using its prehensile tail for additional support. In the summer, the northern birch mouse makes a nest of dry vegetation in a bush, clump of moss or tussock of grass. Breeding takes place between May and August and a single litter of up to six young is produced after a gestation period of four to five weeks.

The Canterbury Plains were formed from quaternary moraine gravels deposited during glacial periods in the late pleistocene approximately 3 million years to 10,000 years ago.Gage, M., (1969), 'Rocks and Landscape', in The Natural History of Canterbury, edited by Knox, G. A., Canterbury Branch of the Royal Society of New Zealand, A H & A W Reed, Wellington, p. 35. The alluvial gravels were then reworked as shingle fans of several of the larger rivers, notably the Waimakariri, the Rakaia, the Selwyn, and the Rangitata. Part of the Canterbury-Otago tussock grasslands the land is suitable for moderately intensive livestock farming, but is prone to droughts, especially when the prevailing wind is from the northwest.

Although the southern marsupial mole was probably known by aborigines for thousands of years, the first specimen examined by the scientific community was collected in 1888. Stockman W. Coulthard made the discovery on Idracowra Pastoral Lease in the Northern Territory by following some unusual prints that lead him to the animal lying under a tussock. Not knowing what to do with the strange creature, he wrapped it in a kerosene soaked rag, placed it in a revolver cartridge box and forwarded it to E. C. Stirling, the Director of the South Australian Museum. Due to the poor transportation conditions of the time, the specimen reached its destination in a badly decomposed state.

Location of the Maujahn and geomorphological profile of the surrounding area The Maujahn in early spring; between the trees in the background the upper edge of the sinkhole sides Dwarf pines, which are nevertheless probably very old, grow in the middle of the moor The largely treeless bog surface is dominated by Tussock Cottongrass The Rannoch-rush is a rarity Fruit of the cranberry with red peat moss The Maujahn or Maujahn Moor (also known colloquially in German as the Maujahnskuhle) is a kettle bog in North Germany which began as a sinkhole. It is located a good two kilometres west of the town of Dannenberg between the villages of Thunpadel and Schmarsau in northeastern Lower Saxony.

Vegetation may include low forests of Southern rātā in the more sheltered areas of the Aucklands and parts of Campbell Island, with tussock grassland, shrubland, herbfield, feldmark and cushion plants elsewhere. The islands represent a transition zone between the Antarctic to the south and temperate climates to the north. Individual species include many endemics, such as a Cyathea tree fern, which are not found any further south in the world, along with others that also occur in New Zealand and further north. Macquarie Island, being colder (average annual temperature ), does not sustain any wooded plants, while the small Bounty Islands lack soils and their flora is largely restricted to algae and lichens on the rocks.

Higher still is a Hagenia abyssinica zone and then moorland with heaths Erica arborea and Philippia trimera, tussock grasses such as Agrostis gracilifolia and Festuca pilgeri, herbs such as Alchemilla, Helichrysum, Lobelia, and the giant groundsels Senecio barbatipes and Senecio elgonensis. The botanical diversity of the park includes giant podocarpus, juniper and Elgon olive trees cedar Juniperus procera, pillarwood Cassipourea malosana, elder Sambucus adnata, pure stands of Podocarpus gracilior and many orchids. Of the 400 species recorded for the area the following are of particular note as they only occur in high altitude broad- leaf montane forest: Ardisiandra wettsteinii, Carduus afromontanus, Echinops hoehnelii, Ranunculus keniensis (previously thought to be endemic to Mount Kenya), and Romulea keniensis.

Sites on the trail include: • Aoraki/Mt Cook • Scenic Helicopter Flights • Snow-capped Mountains • Golden Tussock Landscapes • Glacier Lake Tours • High Country Stations • Hydro Canals • Native Forests • Elephant Rocks • Limestone and Clay Cliffs • Maori Rock Art • Vanished World Fossil Sites • Boutique Shops • Museums • Lakes: Ohau, Pukaki, Benmore, Aviemore • Historic Limestone Tunnels • Hydro Dams: Benmore, Aviemore, Waitaki • Vineyards • Oamaru's Victorian Precinct • Galleries & Gifts • Steampunk HQ, Oamaru • Blue Penguin Colony • Pacific Ocean Funding for the trail from the NZCT budget was approved in July 2010, after the trail had been shortlisted as one of 13 from 54 nationwide proposals. The trail has been described by Tourism Waitaki general manager as the greatest tourism opportunity the Waitaki Valley region had ever seen.

The wingspan is . The larvae feed on Carex curvula, Carex digitata, Carex divulsa, star sedge (Carex echinata), glaucous sedge (Carex flacca), dwarf sedge (Carex humilis), smooth-stalked sedge (Carex laevigata), soft-leaved sedge (Carex montana), Carex morrowii, Carex muricata, Carex ornithopoda, false fox-sedge (Carex otrubae), greater tussock-sedge (Carex paniculata), pendulous sedge (Carex pendula), Carex pilosa, Carex sempervirens, wood sedge {Carex sylvatica}, Carex umbrosa, tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia cespitosa), white wood-rush (Luzula luzuloides), hairy wood-rush (Luzula pilosa), Luzula plumose and greater wood-rush (Luzula sylvatica). Young larvae form a narrow meandering corridor, which gradually widens to nearly the full width of the leaf. The larvae make a new mine in early winter most of the time.

However, this is not quite the summit of the mountain (which lies 400 m west and 1 m higher across the border into historic Cumberland). Mickle Fell, south of Teesdale is higher than Burnhope Seat and is sometimes quoted as being the highest top of County Durham, but this is historically not correct. Mickle Fell, although it lies within the unitary council area of Durham County Council for administrative purposes, is historically a part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, and is the highest point in that county. The character of the fell is very typical of the high Pennines, with an extensive and poorly drained summit plateau of tussock grass and peat bog.

This eucalypt is unlikely to go extinct because of ornamental plantings, but there is a continuing decline in wild populations. The species is listed as "endangered" under the Australian Federal Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the Tasmanian Government Threatened Species Protection Act 1995. The total population is estimated to number fewer than 2,500 mature plants in no more than five locations. The main threats to the species in the wild include land clearing, climate change, browsing by mammals such as possums, insect browsing, especially by the autumn gum moth (Mnesampela privata), competition, including by the native vine, Cassytha pubescens and introduced weeds including serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) and inappropriate fire regimes.

Control was improved by planting a meter-wide strip of tussock grasses in field centers, enabling aphid predators to overwinter there. earwigs Cropping systems can be modified to favor natural enemies, a practice sometimes referred to as habitat manipulation. Providing a suitable habitat, such as a shelterbelt, hedgerow, or beetle bank where beneficial insects such as parasitoidal wasps can live and reproduce, can help ensure the survival of populations of natural enemies. Things as simple as leaving a layer of fallen leaves or mulch in place provides a suitable food source for worms and provides a shelter for insects, in turn being a food source for such beneficial mammals as hedgehogs and shrews.

Much of Tate's early research involved the storage and cycling of phosphorus and carbon in soils, particularly in economically important New Zealand grasslands and native forests. Later work focused on carbon cycling an sequestration, particularly as climate change became an issue and the question of how soils and soil biota could impact atmospheric carbon dioxide levels became relevant. Tate also contributed his soil chemistry knowledge to other research topics at Soil Bureau / Landcare, including sand dune rehabilitation, restoration of pasture after topsoil removal and understanding tussock grasslands. Many papers were coauthored with people including Des J. Ross, C.W. Feltham, Benny K.G. Theng, R.H. Newman, Neal A. Scott, Surinder Saggar, Paul C.D. Newton, Troy Baisden, Aroon Parshotam, David A. Wardle and Gregor W. Yeates.

Before the arrival of humans in the 13th century or earlier, New Zealand's only endemic mammals were three species of bat, and the ecological niches that in other parts of the world were filled by creatures as diverse as horses, wolves and mice were taken up by birds (and, to a lesser extent, reptiles, insects and gastropods). The kiwi's mostly nocturnal habits may be a result of habitat intrusion by predators, including humans. In areas of New Zealand where introduced predators have been removed, such as sanctuaries, kiwi are often seen in daylight. They prefer subtropical and temperate podocarp and beech forests, but they are being forced to adapt to different habitat, such as sub-alpine scrub, tussock grassland, and the mountains.

The most common plant associates are threeway sedge (Dulichium arundinaceum), woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus sens. lat.), rattlesnake mannagrass (Glyceria canadensis), and Virginia marsh St. Johns wort (Triadenum virginicum). Other plants in the habitat include American winterberry (Ilex verticillata), blue skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora), dogbane (Apocynum sp.), swamp rose (Rosa palustris), lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), red maple (Acer rubrum), black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), white oak (Quercus alba), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus), yellow water lily (Nuphar advena), buttonwillow (Cephalanthus occidentalis), duckweed (Lemna minor), silvery sedge (Carex canescens), blister sedge (Carex vesicaria), tussock sedge (Carex stricta), squarestem spikerush (Eleocharis quadrangulata), cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), rice cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides), water knotweed (Persicaria amphibia), and water parsnip (Sium suave). The bulrush is threatened by the destruction and degradation of its habitat.

A ramulosa is native to a large area of arid parts of Australia. It is found in southern Queensland, western New South Wales, the southern parts of the Northern Territory, northern and central South Australia and the Goldfields and the Mid West regions of Western Australia, often occurring in red sandy and loamy sandy soils in swales. It is also found on shallow stony soils among with outcrops of laterite and can form dominant stands on the southern and eastern ends of its range. A ramulosa is an integral part of Mulga woodland communities and is often associated with Acacia aneura, Acacia pruinocarpa, Acacia quadrimarginea, Eucalyptus loxophleba, Acacia brachystachya, Casuarina cristata, Corymbia opaca, Eragrostis eriopoda, Aristida contorta, Salsola kali, Rhagodia spinescens, tussock grass and Chenopod shrubs.

It has been suggested that a more detailed study of variation in A. antipodum may be required, as it is possible that the singular species of Argyrophenga antipodum may instead be various separate, but very similar species. In the same study, however, it was maintained that various observations, sufficient evidence for regarding A. antipodum as one species was evident in a lack of wing colour pattern differences, consistency in male genital features, and apparent evolutionary intergradation of extreme forms of A. antipodum. The common tussock is said to have interacted with various plant species, however without specific details of the nature of this exchange. Such plants include members of the bellflower family, daisy family (Asteraceae), family Gentianaceae, and the genus Wahlenbergia.

Octochaetus multiporus is endemic to New Zealand, meaning it can only be found in New Zealand and nowhere else globally. Octochaetus multiporus has one of the highest populations of New Zealand’s native earthworm species and have related species in the same family across India and in Australia Found mainly in pastureland of the south of Manawatu, (North Island), O. multiporus is also found down the east coast of the South Island and on Stewart Island. They are found in the subsoil of New Zealand’s native forests, tussock land and pastureland which is not affected by deforestation and chemical pollution. They are found in the native forests of these areas, as this is their natural habitat before colonization and heavy soil impact.

The Enfields continued to be used by the many British line regiments in the more open fern and tussock covered country of the Waikato interior.Forest Rangers.R.Stowers.Hamilton.1996. Numbers of Enfield muskets were also acquired by the Maori later on in the proceedings, either from the British themselves (who traded them to friendly tribes) or from European traders who were less discriminating about which customers they supplied with firearms, powder, and shot. After the introduction of the Snider-Enfield, many of the Enfield Muskets in the Armed Constabulary's armouries were sold off to members of the public, and they remained a popular sporting and hunting arm in New Zealand well into the late 19th century, long after the introduction of metallic cartridge-loading firearms.

The conservation of existing natural enemies in an environment is the third method of biological pest control. Natural enemies are already adapted to the habitat and to the target pest, and their conservation can be simple and cost- effective, as when nectar-producing crop plants are grown in the borders of rice fields. These provide nectar to support parasitoids and predators of planthopper pests and have been demonstrated to be so effective (reducing pest densities by 10- or even 100-fold) that farmers sprayed 70% less insecticides and enjoyed yields boosted by 5%. Predators of aphids were similarly found to be present in tussock grasses by field boundary hedges in England, but they spread too slowly to reach the centers of fields.

While the low profile of the islands do limit what can grow due to wind exposure and salt spray, surveys have shown that the Northern island group (excluding the "small satellite islet") has 35 plant species while the Southern group has 28 species on its north island while Lighthouse Island has 13 species. The latter is attributed to combination of the disturbance caused by activity associated with the formerly-manned lighthouse, airstrip, an introduced goat population that was eradicated in 1968 and burrows made by the large numbers of short-tailed shearwaters. Plant species include sea celery, leek lily, flax lily, coast tussock grass, salt couch, billy button daisies, variable groundsel and an introduced Northern Hemisphere grass, rat's-tail fescue.

The western slopes of the ranges are subject to prevailing moisture-carrying winds, channelled by Cook Strait to the south. These are the source of an annual rainfall of approximately 5,000 mm, resulting in the dominance of conifers, ferns and shrubs on the western side of the ranges. By contrast, the pattern on the eastern side is one of open beech forest in a drier environment. In spite of a reputation of being composed of gloomy bush, impenetrable leatherwood, and wet snow tussocks on mist-shrouded tops, the Tararua Range has a wide diversity of vegetation, ranging from alpine tussock grasslands and subalpine shrublands to forests of montane miro/kamahi, or beech or lowland broadleaf forests with emergent podocarps and kamahi.

Lyperobius huttoni feeding on male flowers Lyperobius huttoni on speargrass Lyperobius huttoni lives in subalpine and high country herbfields and tussock grassland in the eastern South Island, from the Black Birch range in Marlborough to the Hunters Hills in South Canterbury. A North Island population around the Wellington south coast was discovered in 1917, where the normally-alpine host species Aciphylla squarrosa can be found growing on exposed coastal cliffs almost to sea level. This species is the only Lyperobius species found on both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It is thought that the distribution either side of Cook Strait could be due to migration of weevils during the last glacial period, when sea levels were lower, or by rafting on debris originating in its alpine habitat.

This species is widespread in the Palearctic realm, from Ireland in the west to Yakutia in the east, and to north-west China and Mongolia in the south.FunetFauna europaea The marsh fritillary is in decline in Europe and it is one of eleven butterflies covered by the United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan. Within the British Isles, it is more frequent in the south and west, but especially in Wales where there is a stronghold JNCC website: SAC selection, Annex II Species Accounts This species lives in calcareous grassland, in woodland clearings, in damp marshy areas (hence the common name), and in heathy grassland, dominated by tussock forming grasses, including purple moor and rush pastures. In Finland, E. aurinia has been shown to favor semi-permanent grasslands and impermanent clearcuts in the forest.

Not everyone was enthused with the selection of the location of the new capital, J. B. Whittington famously remarked that "Of all the miserable bog holes, I believe that Mr Moody has selected one of the worst for the site of his town." The structure of the Colonial Government was established in 1845 with the formation of the Legislative Council and Executive Council and work on the construction of Government House commenced. The following year, the first officers appointed to the Colonial Government took their posts; by this time a number of residences, a large storage shed, carpenter's shop and blacksmith's shop had been completed and the Government Dockyard laid out. In 1845 Moody introduced tussock grass into Great Britain from Falkland, for which he received the gold medal of the Royal Agricultural Society.

The Galilee Basin has a diversity of ecological communities and species as a consequence of the interactions between its large area, several biologically significant climatic gradients, the biogeographic effects of eight river basins, and the importance of landscape form driving water and soil redistribution in semi-arid environments of inland Australia. This diversity is expressed through the presence of 31 subregions of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia and 46 major vegetation subgroups of the National Vegetation Information System. The most common terrestrial vegetation NVIS subgroups are (i) Mitchell grass (Astrebla) tussock grasslands, (ii) Eucalyptus open woodlands with a grassy understorey, and (iii) cleared, non-native vegetation. Other vegetation subgroups occur with lower frequency and form a complex mosaic that gradually changes from north-east to south-west across the Galilee Basin.

The rata forest may extend into the Chionochloa tussock grasslands but in most places merges into a thick band of low, tight scrub dominated by Dracophyllum longifolium, Ozothamnus vauvilliersii and Myrsine divaricata. This scrub band is almost impenetrable and in places is dense enough to walk on top of. An expedition report from 1907 describes the scrub thusly: The scrub band breaks into patches and transitions into extensive grassland of Chionochloa antarctica which in turn merges into a sparsely vegetated fellfield community on the most exposed alpine areas. The megaherbs Anisotome antipoda, Anisotome latifolia, Bulbinella rossii, Pleurophyllum criniferum, Pleurophyllum hookeri, Pleurophyllum speciosum and Stilbocarpa polaris were historically found from the coast into the alpine, however the distribution and populations of these species have been severely impacted by the actions of introduced pigs.

Mount Adams is unique in that it is one of the only glaciated peaks situated on or to the west of the main divide that is accessible as a weekend trip from a west coast road end.FederatedMountain Clubs of New Zealand, FMC Bulletin July 2008, Number 176, The standard route to the summit starts from a hidden layby off SH6 and heads up Dry Creek/Little Man River to a steep spur where a marked route starts. The marked route ends at the bushline and the remainder of the climb is on tussock, rock, and eventually the summit ice cap glacier. Although this route is technically not difficult, it involves multiple river crossings, off track travel up Dry Creek/Little Man River and above the bushline, and glacial travel requiring an ice axe and crampons.

At the time of the Treaty of Waitangi being negotiated and signed in January and February 1840, Calton Hill was probably by then a mosaic of tussock grassland and bracken shrubland with pockets of podocarp and broadleaf forest in steep gullies. Botanical records indicate the Calton Hill area that once was covered in dense podocarp, broadleaf forest had been displaced by human-lit fires. In the years prior to this it is unlikely the area would have been used by the small number of Europeans who inhabited the country. From 1844 to 1863 Ngāi Tahu sold their lands to the Crown in a series of nine purchases. Calton Hill was 200 acres of a total of 400,000 acres (160,000 ha) that made up the Otago Purchase, completed on 31 July 1844.

Since only very few mammals and other alien species have actually colonized the islands of the Neozealandia province over the millions of years, the flora and fauna on most of the islands, including those of New Zealand itself, have remained almost exactly the same as they were when the original Gondwana supercontinent existed.Nature: Land of the Kiwi, PBS Video, 1987 A couple of tuatara species survive in small numbers on small islets adjacent to New Zealand. Also, New Zealand has vestiges of ancient temperate rain forests with plant species, such as giant club mosses, tree ferns and Nothofagus trees, dating from the time when the Zealandia subcontinent split off from Gondwana. New Zealand grasslands are dominated by vast spreadings of tussock grass fed upon by the native ground parrots.

Eating a succulent Foraging takes place in the early morning and late afternoon, with a rest during the heat of the day. Birds forage in pairs or small groups, though up to 200 individuals may gather at an abundant food or water source. They generally forage on the ground, and can be approached easily while feeding, moving a short distance behind a tussock or rock if observers come too close. Rock parrots eat seeds of several species of grass (Poaceae), including common wild oat (Avena fatua), wheat (Triticum aestivum), hare's tail (Lagurus ovatus), and Australian brome (Bromus arenarius), and rush (Cyperaceae), as well as shrubs and particularly succulent plants of the family Aizoaceae, such as pigface, and Carpobrotus rossii, and the introduced species Carpobrotus aequilaterus and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum.

A Taxidermied Eastern ground parrot Breeding period from September to January; (one record in March); nest consisted of an excavation in soil 15 cm to 18 cm across and 2 cm (0.75 ins) to 5 cm deep; usually well hidden under small bush or tussock hanging over nest to provide a form of hollow; mostly lined with leaves, grass stalks, fern and small twigs; clutch 3 to 4 eggs; incubation probably 21 days; chicks well camouflaged with thick greyish-black down and protected against cold periods; young remain in nest for two weeks approaching parents for food; fed three times daily; leave nest after three weeks at least disturbance; roost after 25 days outside under tussocks; cannot however fly at this point; egg measures 28.1 x 22.2 mm.

The New Zealand Heading Dog is descended from the Border Collie, a breed of dog originally from the Scottish border. Early settlers brought these dogs to New Zealand to herd sheep, then went on to breed more specified dogs. Due to the Border Collie's long hair, they were bred with shorter haired dogs to create a breed that was better suited to the hot summers of the local environment. They were also bred to have less of an instinct to lie down than a border collie, standing still on their feet to make them more visible to the shepherd at long distance in the native tussock, and to run longer distances, and in some lines to be larger and more "hard nosed" to deal more easily with cattle.

The Waikaia River is a river in New Zealand, a tributary of the Mataura River. The moderate sized Waikaia River rises in swamps and tussock land in the Umbrella Mountains to the east of the headwaters of the Pomahaka River and then flows south for through rugged native bush-clad hills and then from Piano Flat through farmed areas until it joins the Mataura River at Riversdale. Its tributaries include Gow Burn, Steeple Burn, Dome Burn, Winding Creek and Argyle Burn with the Dome Burn and Steeple Burn being brown trout spawning streams for the Mataura River system. Highly regarded as a brown trout fishery the quality of the water in its lower reaches deteriorated in the early 21st century due to the conversion of much of the surrounding farmland to intensive dairy farming.Kent, John: “South Island Trout Fishing Guide”.

View Serendip Lake and Magpie Geese Serendip Sanctuary is a 250 ha protected area in Victoria, Australia, near the You Yangs and the town of Lara, some 22 km north of Geelong and 60 km south-west of Melbourne. Serendip Sanctuary panorama from the sky Originally used for farming and other purposes, it was purchased in 1959 by the state government of Victoria for wildlife research and the captive management and breeding of species threatened in Victoria, such as the brolga, magpie goose, Australian bustard, and bush stone-curlew. The sanctuary contains many different types of wetland and is home to many plant species as well, such as river red gums, tall spikerush, and tussock grass. Serendip now focuses more on environmental education about the flora and fauna of the wetlands and open grassy woodlands of the volcanic Western Plains of Victoria.

Wilderness woodlands are not ancient woods and appear to have resulted from colonisation of trees on former grazing land and some parts of the site were open until relatively recently. The dominant species in the woodland are common oak (Quercus robur and sallow (Salix cinerea), with a few silver birch (Betula pendula) and common alder (Alnus glutinosa) making up the balance. The shrub layer is dominated by brambles (Rubus fruticosus) and there are two areas of bog myrtle (Myrica gale), numbering 20 bushes altogether and making up what may be the largest population of this species left on the Isle of Wight. The ground vegetation has areas where the dominant plant is the tussock sedge (Carex paniculata) and some of these exceed in height while the wettest parts of the wood retain relicts of the flora of the original open bog such as Sphagnum auriculatum.

There are numerous different microhabitats in a wood; coniferous forest, broad-leafed forest, open woodland, scattered trees, woodland verges, clearings, and glades; tree trunk, branch, twig, bud, leaf, flower, and fruit; rough bark, smooth bark, damaged bark, rotten wood, hollow, groove, and hole; canopy, shrub layer, plant layer, leaf litter, and soil; buttress root, stump, fallen log, stem base, grass tussock, fungus, fern, and moss. The greater the structural diversity in the wood, the greater the number of microhabitats that will be present. A range of tree species with individual specimens of varying sizes and ages, and a range of features such as streams, level areas, slopes, tracks, clearings, and felled areas will provide suitable conditions for an enormous number of biodiverse plants and animals. For example, in Britain it has been estimated that various types of rotting wood are home to over 1700 species of invertebrate.

Several members of the T. lineata species complex (namely the Canberra population of T. lineata, T. mccartneyi, T. osbornei, and T. pinguicolla) are referred to as the "grassland earless dragons", being the only members of the family Agamidae to be restricted to natural temperate grasslands. These species are found at higher altitudes and in regions that have cooler temperatures than any other earless dragon, where they prefer sites with both taller tussock and shorter grasses. The species were formerly considered different isolated populations of T. pinguicolla, until a 2019 study found the Canberra population to actually be an isolated eastern population of T. lineata and the Cooma and Bathurst populations to represent distinct species, and thus restricted the definition of T. pinguicolla to refer to only the possibly-extinct Victoria population. The grassland earless dragons lay 3-6 eggs in late spring or early summer.

When the land was subdivided in 1950, one lot was sold to Peter William Fels, a relative of Brasch. In his memoir, Brasch recalls Geisow and her sister: > Gertie and Kitty Geisow came from Queenstown for their Dunedin season; two > aged countrywomen as I saw them now, in whose slow quiet kindly voices, > patient and humorous, I heard half my own past, and knew again the rock and > tussock, the gums and pines and matagouri, the shining pebbles of the lake > shore and Queenstown's old limestone schist houses — all Wakatipu almost > except the lake water. They loved to talk of the past and especially of our > family; they recalled my great-grandparents, dead forty years earlier, as > old familiar respected friends who might be living still — 'Mr and Mrs > Hallenstein'. Since I had not known them, I thought of them rather as > familiar historical characters, Bendix Hallenstein and Mary Mountain.

A main reason for the strict population control is to protect the habitat in which they live. This habitat includes 16 plant species listed as endangered, which the Kaimanawa may endanger further through trampling and overgrazing. These plants include herbs, grasses, sedges, flowers and mistletoes; among these are Deschampsia caespitosa (a very rare tussock grass), Peraxilla tetrapetala (a vulnerable mistletoe) and Libertia peregrinans (a possibly locally extinct sand iris). The 2009 culling of the population removed 230 horses from the herd, the largest culling since the beginning of the program, with homes found for 85% of the horses removed. Conservation of these horses is an important matter to the public, and between 1990 and 2003 the New Zealand Minister for Conservation received more public comments on the Kaimanawa horse than on any other subject. In this period, more than 1,400 requests for information and letters were received, with public interest peaking in 1996 and 1997.

Butterflies such as A. antipodum can be attacked by a number of insect parasites at the larvae and pupae stages of development,(Gibbs, 1961) although at present there is not a lot of information published specifically on the common tussock's predators. It can be noted, however, that previous studies on the conservation status of various New Zealand butterflies,(Patrick & Dugdale, 2000) state that most species considered at risk are not only found in the Canterbury area, but often inhabit areas of short-tussock grasslands much like A. antipodum. Such areas are said to be commonly planted on easily developed land, therefore rendering the area as difficult to protect and maintain in the presence of herbivores and weedy plant species which could possibly take over the intended plant species. Although not a direct predatory threat, this vulnerability of one of the common tussock's host plants suggests an indirect threat to A. antipodum survival.

The first pest to attack the tree early in the year when other food is scarce is the earwig (Forficula auricularia) which feeds on blossoms and young leaves at night, preventing fruiting and weakening newly planted trees. The pattern of damage is distinct from that of caterpillars later in the year, as earwigs characteristically remove semicircles of petal and leaf tissue from the tips, rather than internally. Greasebands applied just before blossom are effective. The larvae of such moth species as the peachtree borer (Synanthedon exitiosa), the yellow peach moth (Conogethes punctiferalis), the well-marked cutworm (Abagrotis orbis), Lyonetia prunifoliella, Phyllonorycter hostis, the fruit tree borer (Maroga melanostigma), Parornix anguliferella, Parornix finitimella, Caloptilia zachrysa, Phyllonorycter crataegella, Trifurcula sinica, Suzuki's promolactis moth (Promalactis suzukiella), the white-spotted tussock moth (Orgyia thyellina), the apple leafroller (Archips termias), the catapult moth (Serrodes partita), the wood groundling (Parachronistis albiceps) or the omnivorous leafroller (Platynota stultana) are reported to feed on P. persica.

Zantedeschia aethiopica, showing convolute spathe wound around bud Base of tussock of Thamnochortus species, showing convolute leaf sheaths Cross section through budding spadix and convolute spathe of Zantedeschia aethiopica Convolute as a verb literally means to "roll together" or "roll around", from the Latin convolvere. In general application the word can mean to "tangle" or "complicate", but in botanical descriptions convolute usually is an adjective from the Latin convolutus, meaning "rolled around".Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. London, 4th ed 1928 It commonly refers to a special class of imbricate structures -- those where the overlapping edges of leaves, scales or similar elements are spirally wrapped, each scale having one edge within the previous scale and one outside the next scale. In the family Restionaceae the leaf sheaths commonly are convolute in this sense.Dyer, R. Allen, The Genera of Southern African Flowering Plants”.

Major Norman, in 2007, confirmed the defending British marines and Royal Navy sailors fired 6,450 small-arms rounds and 12 rockets in the fighting on 2 April 1982. Fearing that British had established an observation post on Tussock Island, Major Mario Castagneto's 601st Commando Company was sent to clear the island of enemy special forces, but returned empty handed and completely covered in black soot due to another Pucara napalm bombing on 1 May."La Compañía de Comandos 601 era usada para las más variadas actividades. Por la mañana, y dado que se creía que desde allí se dirigía a los bombarderos, se habían dirigido a la isla Tussac, a la que le dieron el nombre de Isla Quemada porque un avión había arrojado una bomba de napalm sobre ella y regresaron negros de hollín de la turba que pisaron." Compilación Malvinas, Joaquín A Boccazzi, Page 138, Gráfica Sur, 2004 Nevertheless, several Falkland Islanders maintain the belief that the napalm attacks were part of a cover-up to hide the Argentine losses suffered during the initial fighting codenamed Rosario.

Auckland Museum Auckland Museum Around the month of July in New Zealand, the banded dotterels enter the breeding season, more commonly in the South Island or southern areas of the North Island such as Hawke's Bay, Marlborough, Kaikoura Peninsula, Canterbury, Otago, Stewart Island etc. These birds form seasonal monogamous pairs where once a partner is found, they remain with that one bird for the rest of the breeding season to help raise the young. During this time, the male grows colored bands on his chest prior to the beginning of the breeding season and later females are attracted by the loud calls of the male where they are then presented with several nests which they can choose between while the male puts on a defensive display, protecting his territory, where it flies towards any possible intruder in a fast butterfly-like circular motion flight. This species usually constructs nests upon slightly elevated, open patches on the sand, shells or sometimes hollows in cushion plants or between rocks which are broadly padded with various materials such as tussock tillers, smaller stones and shells, grass, lichen, moss, twigs etc.