Papers have argued that everything from breast cancer to tuberculous mastitis to an abscess are responsible for the swelling and blue mark around one breast of the famous bather.
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He has been given a diagnosis of severe tuberculous meningitis, months after her husband was found to have drug-resistant TB. We suspect the child acquired the infection from his father.
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After all, what harm was he doing other than allegedly stealing the breadsticks, denying honest shopkeepers of their livelihood and profusely littering the streets with his tobacco-laced, potentially tuberculous-ridden spittle!
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Scrofuloderma is a skin condition caused by tuberculous involvement of the skin by direct extension, usually from underlying tuberculous lymphadenitis.
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Tuberculous lymphadenitis (or tuberculous adenitis) is the most common form of tuberculosis infections that appears outside the lungs. Tuberculous lymphadenitis is a chronic, specific granulomatous inflammation of the lymph node with caseation necrosis, caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or related bacteria. The characteristic morphological element is the tuberculous granuloma (caseating tubercule). This consists of giant multinucleated cells and (Langhans cells), surrounded by epithelioid cells aggregates, T cell lymphocytes and fibroblasts.
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Those characteristics well as the ineffectiveness of psychoanalytic cures seem to indicate a more organic diagnosis such as tuberculous meningitis or tuberculous encephalitis with partial temporal epileptic component.
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Tuberculous meningitis is also known as TB meningitis or tubercular meningitis. Tuberculous meningitis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the meninges—the system of membranes which envelop the central nervous system.
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The lab technicians test for everything, including HIV and Tuberculous.
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A case of anthracosis presenting with mediastinal lymph nodes mimicking tuberculous lymphadenitis or malignancy.
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Tuberculous cellulitis is a skin condition resulting from infection with mycobacterium, and presenting as cellulitis.
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Tuberculous lymphadenitis is seen in most developing countries, especially in the context of HIV/AIDS.
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The ancients called it the strumous, and the more recent writers the scrofulous or tuberculous, diathesis.
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In 1909 he relocated to the University of Marburg as an associate professor and director of the medical polyclinic. In 1921 he attained a full professorship.Eduard Müller at Who Named It With bacteriologist Georg Jochmann, he developed the "Müller-Jochmann test", a method of differentiating between tuberculous and non-tuberculous pus.
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The medical eponym Bazin disease was historically synonymous, but it applies only to the tuberculous form and is dated.
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The species has also been isolated from tuberculous lesions in cattle, pigs, deer, and wild boars, as well as from camels and bison.
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Most of the antibiotics used in meningitis have not been tested directly on people with meningitis in clinical trials. Rather, the relevant knowledge has mostly derived from laboratory studies in rabbits. Tuberculous meningitis requires prolonged treatment with antibiotics. While tuberculosis of the lungs is typically treated for six months, those with tuberculous meningitis are typically treated for a year or longer.
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In view of its anti-mycobacterial activity, in 1922 it was also experimentally tried on other conditions caused by mycobacteria such as tuberculous laryngitis.
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By this time, Modigliani was suffering from tuberculous meningitis and his health, made worse by complications brought on by substance abuse, was deteriorating badly.
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First isolated from known tuberculous patient from Cadiz, Spain. Strain ATCC 27726 = CCUG 37515 = CIP 105388 = DSM 44077 = HAMBI 2274 = JCM 12688 = NCTC 10942.
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Hegemann died on April 12, 1936, at age 55 in New York City. The treating doctor opined that the cause of death was Tuberculous meningitis.
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A Rich focus is a tuberculous granuloma occurring within the cortex or meninges of the brain that ruptures into the subarachnoid space, causing tuberculous meningitis. The Rich focus is named for Arnold Rice Rich, a pathologist at Johns Hopkins Hospital, who along with his colleague Howard McCordock first described the post-mortem finding of caseous foci within the cerebral cortex or meninges which appeared to predate the development of meningitis. Prior to their research the prevailing view had been that meningitis occurred as a result of the dissemination of tuberculous bacilli associated with miliary tuberculosis and that these processes occurred at the same time.
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Visited Lourdes: 5 June 1958. Age 27, from Patti, Sicily. Tuberculous osteoarthritis with fistulae at multiple sites in the right leg. Her cure was recognised on 26 May 1965.
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Microscopy of tuberculous epididymitis. H&E; stain About 90% of those infected with M. tuberculosis have asymptomatic, latent TB infections (sometimes called LTBI), with only a 10% lifetime chance that the latent infection will progress to overt, active tuberculous disease. In those with HIV, the risk of developing active TB increases to nearly 10% a year. If effective treatment is not given, the death rate for active TB cases is up to 66%.
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Scrofula is the term used for lymphadenopathy of the neck, usually as a result of an infection in the lymph nodes, known as lymphadenitis. It can be caused by tuberculous or nontuberculous mycobacteria. About 95% of the scrofula cases in adults are caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, most often in immunocompromised patients (about 50% of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy). In immunocompetent children, scrofula is often caused by atypical mycobacteria (Mycobacterium scrofulaceum) and other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM).
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The diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis may require a biopsy.subscription required Other possible diagnostic steps include: positive tuberculin test, chest radiograph, CT scan, cytology/biopsy (FNAC), AFB staining, and mycobacterial culture.
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In 1915 he donated the house at 25 Clytha Park, Newport for the treatment of tuberculous children.''Welsh Outlook'' – Vol. 2, No. 2 Feb. 1915. Welshjournals.llgc.org.uk. Retrieved on 2014-06-06.
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Multiple bones are involved in children and usually only a single bone is involved in adults suffering from tuberculous dactylitis. Tuberculous dactylitis affects the short tubular bones of the hands and feet in children. It often follows a mild course without fever and acute inflammatory signs as opposed to acute osteomyelitis. There may be a gap of a few months to 2 to 3 years from the time of initial infection to the point of diagnosis.
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The body whorl is encircled by a row of tuberculous nodules, in continuation of the longitudinal ribs. The aperture is oval. The sinus is round and deep. The short siphonal canal is wide.
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Tuberculous pericarditis is a form of pericarditis. Pericarditis caused by tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose, because definitive diagnosis requires culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis from aspirated pericardial fluid or pericardial biopsy, which requires high technical skill and is often not diagnostic (the yield from culture is low even with optimum specimens). The Tygerberg scoring system helps the clinician to decide whether pericarditis is due to tuberculosis or whether it is due to another cause: night sweats (1 point), weight loss (1 point), fever (2 point), serum globulin > 40g/l (3 points), blood total leucocyte count <10 x 109/l (3 points); a total score of 6 or more is highly suggestive of tuberculous pericarditis. Pericardial fluid with an interferon-γ level greater than 50pg/ml is highly specific for tuberculous pericarditis.
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A larger subdivision, called Bergmann's Addition, was financed in 1902. The Hazelwood Center, opened in 1907, is a former tuberculous center and since 1971 a hospital for the mentally handicapped located in the neighborhood.
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In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases. Notable extrapulmonary infection sites include the pleura (in tuberculous pleurisy), the central nervous system (in tuberculous meningitis), the lymphatic system (in scrofula of the neck), the genitourinary system (in urogenital tuberculosis), and the bones and joints (in Pott disease of the spine), among others. Spread to lymph nodes is the most common. An ulcer originating from nearby infected lymph nodes may occur and is painless, slowly enlarging and has an appearance of "wash leather".
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Therapeutic drainage of tuberculous abscesses or collections is not routinely indicated and will resolve with adequate treatment. In TB meningitis, hydrocephalus is a potential complication and may necessitate the insertion of a ventricular shunt or drain.
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Nayak, S., et al. (2008). Cerebriform elephantiasis of the vulva following tuberculous lymphadenitis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 74:188 In the past the term has also referred to elephantiasis of the male genitalia.Eller, J. J. (1952).
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In 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as "extrapulmonary tuberculosis". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in people with a weakened immune system and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases. Notable extrapulmonary infection sites include the pleura (in tuberculous pleurisy), the central nervous system (in tuberculous meningitis), the lymphatic system (in scrofula of the neck), the genitourinary system (in urogenital tuberculosis), and the bones and joints (in Pott disease of the spine), among others.
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Microscopically there are epithelioid granulomas and vasculitis in the subcutaneous tissue, making it a form of paniculitis. Most of these cases are now thought to be manifestation of tuberculosis and indeed they respond well to anti-tuberculous treatment.
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ADÉKAMBI (T.), BERGER (P.), RAOULT (D.) and DRANCOURT (M.): rpoB gene sequence-based characterization of emerging non-tuberculous mycobacteria with descriptions of Mycobacterium bolletii sp. nov., Mycobacterium phocaicum sp. nov. and Mycobacterium aubagnense sp. nov. Int. J. Sys. Evol. Microbiol.
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Tuberculous gumma is a skin condition characterized histologically by massive necrosis. Restated, this is a skin condition that results from hematogenous dissemination of mycobacteria from a primary focus, resulting in firm, nontender erythematous nodules that soften, ulcerate, and form sinuses.
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Tuberculosis cutis orificialis (also known as "acute tuberculous ulcer") is a form of cutaneous tuberculosis that occurs at the mucocutaneous borders of the nose, mouth, anus, urinary meatus, and vagina, and on the mucous membrane of the mouth or tongue.
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The pathophysiology of tuberculous meningitis has bacilli root itself to the brain parenchyma, which causes the formation of small subpial focus. Then there is an increase in size of Rich focus until rupture. Tubercles rupture in subarachnoid area causes meningitis.
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The following clinical conditions may be considered before diagnosing a patient with mycetoma: #Tuberculous ulcer #Kaposi's sarcoma, a vascular tumour of skin usually seen in AIDS. # Leprosy # Syphilis # Malignant neoplasm #Tropical ulcer #Botryomycosis, a skin infection usually caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.
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Micrograph showing caseous necrosis of a tuberculous lymph node. H&E; stain. Caseous necrosis or caseous degeneration () is a unique form of cell death in which the tissue maintains a cheese-like appearance.Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th Ed. 2010.
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Stannington came about following the recognition of the huge problem of tuberculosis by the charity's Honorary Physician Dr T.M. Allison and the realisation that tuberculous children could not be accommodated at their other facilities owing to fears of the spread of infection.
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343 By 1925, Tschaikovsky had developed a tuberculous infection of her arm, and she was placed in a succession of hospitals for treatment. Sick and near death, she suffered significant loss of weight.Kurth, Anastasia, pp. 84–85; Massie, p. 172; Welch, p.
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Of their six children four became doctors. Their infant son Ivan died of tuberculosis during the epidemic of tuberculous mastitis which had a particularly high incidence in Edinburgh. Their third daughter emigrated to Russia. Russell died in Edinburgh on 11 August 1940.
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He was impressed and suggested that we try hypnotic for the removal of tuberculous lymph glands . A ward full of patients requiring this operation had accumulated and we decided to operate on them the following day . The hypnotic anaesthesia worked spectacularly well in each case.
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Pneumococcus or tuberculous pericarditis are the most common bacterial forms. Anaerobic bacteria can also be a rare cause. Fungal pericarditis is usually due to histoplasmosis, or in immunocompromised hosts Aspergillus, Candida, and Coccidioides. The most common cause of pericarditis worldwide is infectious pericarditis with tuberculosis.
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The first successful treatments for tuberculosis were all surgical. They were based on the observation that healed tuberculous cavities were all closed. Surgical management was therefore directed at closing open cavities in order to encourage healing. These procedures were all used in the pre-antibiotic era.
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Babeș's scientific endeavours were wide-ranging. He was the first to demonstrate the presence of tuberculous bacilli in the urine of infected patients. He also discovered cellular inclusions in rabies-infected nerve cells. Of diagnostic value, they were to be named after him (Babeș-Negri bodies).
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His "Des maladies spécifiques, non tuberculeuses, du poumon" was later translated into English and published with the title "Diseases of the lungs (of a specific not tuberculous nature)" (1885).Diseases of the lungs OCLC WorldCat In 1869 he became a member of the Académie de Médecine.
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One proposed mechanism is that tuberculous infection in the lungs results in erosion of the epithelial layer of alveolar cells and the spread of infection into a pulmonary vein.Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson; & Mitchell, Richard N. (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. pp.
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"Automatic Detection of Calcified Nodules of Patients with Tuberculous". University College London, 2007 Recently, this method was implemented in geostatistical simulation which could provide a fast algorithm.Tahmasebi, P., Hezarkhani, A., Sahimi, M., 2012, Multiple-point geostatistical modeling based on the cross-correlation functions, Computational Geosciences, 16(3):779-79742.
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She was also said to be extraordinarily kind. In 1248, Fina’s life was changed by a serious illness, which began, progressively, to paralyse her (probably a form of tuberculous osteomyelitis). Her deep faith relieved her pain. She refused a bed and chose instead to lie on a wooden pallet.
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Stages of tubercular lymphadenitis: # Lymphadenitis # Periadenitis # Cold abscess # 'Collar stud' abscess # Sinus Tuberculous lymphadenitis is popularly known as collar stud abscess, due to its proximity to the collar bone and its superficial resemblance to a collar stud, although this is just one of the five stages of the disease. One or more affected lymph nodes can also be in a different body part, although it is most typical to have at least one near the collar bone. The characteristic morphological element is the tuberculous granuloma (caseating tubercule): giant multinucleated cells (Langhans cells), surrounded by epithelioid cells aggregates, T cell lymphocytes and few fibroblasts. Granulomatous tubercules evolve to central caseous necrosis and tend to become confluent, replacing the lymphoid tissue.
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Spina ventosa is the term given for tuberculous dactylitis. Reviewed in Nearly 85% of the patients of spina ventosa are below 6 years of age.The bones of hands are more commonly involved than those of the feet. Proximal phalanx of the index and middle fingers are the commonest sites of involvement.
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At the Academy, she was taught by famed German sculptor Rudolf Belling. Gerekmezyan was an Art and Armenian language teacher at the Getronagan and Esayan High Schools in Istanbul. She also taught at the Arti Gırtaran Primary school in Istanbul which is still open today. In 1946 Gerekmezyan caught Tuberculous meningitis.
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In radiology, omental cake is sign indicative of an abnormally thickened greater omentum. It refers to infiltration of the omental fat by material of soft-tissue density. Typically, it is caused by infiltration of metastatic tumours arising from the stomach, ovary, or colon. It can also result from tuberculous peritonitis.
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In 1998, Glynn studied the resurgence of tuberculous and how it was impacted by HIV infection. She monitored the Beijing genotype of mycobacterium tuberculosis for seven years in Malawi. She hypothesised that it may have originated from Chinese agricultural advisors. She continued to monitor tuberculosis in Malawi for several decades.
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In the same year he obtained a doctorate in medicine (MD) from the same university for a dissertation titled "The treatment of tuberculous meningitis". Soon after qualifying as a doctor, Barnard performed experiments on dogs while investigating intestinal atresia, a birth defect which allows life-threatening gaps to develop in the intestines.
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In French medical literature the eponym Cirrhose alcoolo-tuberculeuse de Hutinel et Sabourin is used to describe hypertrophic fatty cirrhosis of the liver of alcoholic or tuberculous origin. It is named along with physician Victor Henri Hutinel (1849–1933). Today, the Hôpital-sanatorium Sabourin, north of Clermont-Ferrand, is named in his honour.
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There are no randomized trials which evaluate the length of anti-tuberculosis treatment required for tuberculous pericarditis. There is a small but not conclusive benefit for treatment with a schedule of steroids with anti-tuberculosis drugs. Open surgical drainage of fluid though effective in preventing cardiac tamponade was associated with more deaths.
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Lumbar puncture, early 20th century. The first technique for accessing the dural space was described by the London physician Walter Essex Wynter. In 1889 he developed a crude cut down with cannulation in four patients with tuberculous meningitis. The main purpose was the treatment of raised intracranial pressure rather than for diagnosis.
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Retrieved 8 May 2020. Others have speculated that patients suffered from now easily identifiable conditions unrelated to psychoanalysis; for instance, Anna O. is thought to have suffered from an organic impairment such as tuberculous meningitis or temporal lobe epilepsy and not hysteria (see modern interpretations).Webster, Richard. 1996. Why Freud was wrong.
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Systemic anti-tuberculous therapy may be helpful in severe complications. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences If BCG is accidentally given to an immuno-compromised patient (e.g., an infant with SCID), it can cause disseminated or life-threatening infection. The documented incidence of this happening is less than one per million immunizations given.
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Malignancies are the most frequent cause of non-traumatic chylothorax. Cancers like chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, metastatic carcinoma or esophageal cancer are potential causes of chylothorax. Infectious causes are also observed, most often in developing countries. The most common cause of an infectious chylothorax is a complication of tuberculous lymphadenitis.
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They were designated to teach, meditate and study. The monks, out of respect, would not let Rinpoche work. A Health Care centre was established and a dispensary, and the water was much better, and Tuberculous became slightly less prevalent, however fever, malaria, tropical sores and other illnesses from the warm climate was still present.
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The American X-ray Journal. Vol. 6. No. 5. Sternberg was retired on account of age on June 8, 1902, and devoted the later years of his life to social welfare activities in Washington, particularly to the sanitary improvement of dwellings and to the care of tuberculous patients. Sternberg died at his home in Washington, on November 3, 1915.
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He was born in London, the son of Isaac Jackson and his wife Jane Dubbin. He was a student from 1872 at the Royal Academy of Music, where he won the Lucas medal for composition; he was elected in 1878 a professor of harmony and composition there. He died, aged 29, on 27 September 1881, from tuberculous meningitis.
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Usually the body whorl has a tuberculous carina. The animal is too large to entirely enter the shell. The foot is large, fleshy, tubercular, greatly produced posteriorly. The epipodium is fringed, with a more prominent fimbriated lobe behind the left tentacle, and on the right there is a slightly projecting fold or gutter leading to the respiratory cavity.
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He represented Côte d'Ivoire at the Olympics for a second time at the 1988 Seoul Games, but did not make the final. He died of tuberculous meningitis in 1992 in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 28, survived by his only daughter Alexis Tiacoh. He had a personal best of 44.30 seconds for the 400 m.
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When Smith was five, she developed tuberculous peritonitis and was sent to a sanatorium near Broadstairs, Kent, where she remained for three years.(Couzyn, Jeni 1985) Contemporary Women Poets. Bloodaxe, p. 33. She related that her preoccupation with death began when she was seven, at a time when she was very distressed at being sent away from her mother.
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The site has now been renamed Cedar Shade and redeveloped. A blue plaque at the entrance to the site attests to this. In 1838, some years after the sale of Hope End, the family settled at 50 Wimpole Street. During 1837–38 the poet was struck with illness again, with symptoms today suggesting tuberculous ulceration of the lungs.
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Unlike the adult cases, only 8% of cases in children are tuberculous. With the stark decrease of tuberculosis in the second half of the 20th century, scrofula became a less common disease in adults, but remained common in children. With the appearance of AIDS, however, it has shown a resurgence, and presently affects about 5% of severely immunocompromised patients.
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Lastly, between 10 and 30% of adults, and 20–40% of children with miliary tuberculosis have tuberculosis meningitis. This relationship results from mycobacteria from miliary tuberculosis spreading to the brain and the subarachnoid space; as a result, leading to tuberculosis meningitis.Donald, P., Schaaf, H., & Schoeman, J. (2005). Tuberculous Meningitis And Miliary Tuberculosis: The Rich Focus Revisited.
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TB may also influence HIV evolution. Proinflammatory cytokine production by tuberculous granulomas (in particular TNFα) has been associated with increased HIV viraemia, which might accelerate the course of disease. The risk of death in HIV/TB infected patients is twice that of HIV-infected patients without TB, with most deaths caused by progressive HIV infection, rather than TB.
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This is called the block hypothesis. #Interference by concurrent parasitic infection: In another hypothesis, simultaneous infection with parasites changes the immune response to BCG, making it less effective. As Th1 response is required for an effective immune response to tuberculous infection, concurrent infection with various parasites produces a simultaneous Th2 response, which blunts the effect of BCG.
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The length of the shell attains 33 mm, its diameter 13 mm. The spire of the rather solid shell is composed of 9 whorls, separated by a well marked suture. The whorls of the protoconch consist of curved longitudinal ribs and are, at the bottom, finely reticulated. A little below the middle of the subsequent whorls, occur a series of longitudinal, tuberculous plicae.
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Nodular vasculitis is a skin condition characterized by crops of small, tender, erythematous nodules on the legs, mostly on the calves and shins. Miroscopically there are epithelioid granulomas and vasculitis in the subcutaneous tissue, making it a form of panicullitis. Most of these cases are now thought to be manifestation of tuberculosis and indeed they respond well to anti-tuberculous treatment.
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Most of the patients were 16 to 30 year old factory- or agricultural labourers from Königsberg, they rarely recovered completely and mostly remained unfit for work. With the outbreak of World War I all but five severe cases were released on 1. August 1914, the sanatorium re-opened in April 1915, now treating 100 tuberculous soldiers of the Imperial German Army.
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In adults, 66% of all cases emerge without disability. The main problems are deafness (in 14%) and cognitive impairment (in 10%). Tuberculous meningitis in children continues to be associated with a significant risk of death even with treatment (19%), and a significant proportion of the surviving children have ongoing neurological problems. Just over a third of all cases survives with no problems.
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Causes of increased pre-sacral space are: ulcerative colitis, granulomatous colitis, lymphogranuloma venereum, and in postirradiation changes, thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and tuberculous proctitis, tumor of the sacrum or posterior wall of the rectum. Carcinomatous deposits in the pelvis can also cause presacral space widening. Presacral edema is common in patients with heart failure who are confined to bed.
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M. ulcerans is a species of mycobacteria within the phylum Actinobacteria. Within the genus Mycobacteria, M. ulcerans is classified as both a "non-tuberculous mycobacterium" and a "slow-growing mycobacterium". M. ulcerans likely evolved from the closely related aquatic pathogen Mycobacterium marinum around one million years ago. The two species are genetically very similar, and have identical 16S ribosomal RNA genes.
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The former rectory on 10th Street eventually was sold to the parish to become an infirmary for the Felician Sisters who had been stricken from a tuberculous epidemic. When the stricken sisters died, they were buried in the nearby Mount Carmel Cemetery. The 20 sisters who are buried at Mount Carmel Cemetery were only 20 to 21 years old. In 1909, Rev.
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The classical histologic pattern of scrofula features caseating granulomas with central acellular necrosis (caseous necrosis) surrounded by granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells. Although tuberculous and nontuberculous lymphadenitis are morphologically identical, the pattern is somewhat distinct from other causes of bacterial lymphadenitis.Rosado FG, Stratton CW, Mosse CA (November 2011). "Clinicopathologic correlation of epidemiologic and histopathologic features of pediatric bacterial lymphadenitis".
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Vascular malformations Vascular malformations can cause abnormal blood flow to areas of the brain. If too little blood is delivered to the basal ganglia, a stroke can occur. Tuberculomas This is another form of tumor that can result in the brain as a result of a tuberculous meningitis infection. This type of tumor can also damage parts of the basal ganglia, sometimes resulting in hemiballismus.
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Tuberculosis creates cavities visible in x-rays like this one in the patient's right upper lobe. CT scan of peritoneal tuberculosis, a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The omentum and peritoneal surfaces are thickened (arrows). CC-BY 3.0 In active pulmonary TB, infiltrates or consolidations and/or cavities are often seen in the upper lungs with or without mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy or pleural effusions ( tuberculous pleurisy).
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Williamson was born in Wilkes County, Georgia to a prestigious family. His mother died shortly after and he was raised by his paternal grandmother, Sarah Gilliam, in Milledgeville, Georgia. At the age of fifteen, he contracted tuberculous arthritis that caused his right leg to permanently stiffen at a 90 degree angle. In order to walk, a wooden leg had to be fastened to his knee.
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More effective medical treatments for tuberculous resulted in the closure of the sanitorium in 1959, but the building continued to be used as a nursing home until the 1980s. The sanitorium buildings were then relocated or demolished; one is in use as a private home in Emerald. At the , Westwood and the surrounding area had a population of 253. At the , Westwood had a population of 240.
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Tubercles are nodules that contain caseous necrosis, which form in the lungs as a result of an infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the patients with tuberculosis. Granulomas form in the infected tissue and undergo necrosis in the centre. Tubercles are also known as tuberculous nodules, or tuberculomas. The affected parts develop lesions in the form of small nodules called tubercles, from which the disease gets its name.
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As already mentioned above, Anna O.'s treatment in the 1800s, current research has suggested many illnesses she might have suffered from. Many believe that the illness was not psychological as Freud suggested but either neurological or organic. Medical researcher Elizabeth Thornton, after interviewing many of Freud's early patients, suggested that Anna O. had suffered from tuberculous meningitis.O Anna: being Bertha Pappenheim, Robert Kaplan.
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Most of these agents are capable of causing chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Patients suffering from chronic endometritis may have an underlying cancer of the cervix or endometrium (although infectious cause is more common). Antibiotic therapy is curative in most cases (depending on underlying cause), with fairly rapid alleviation of symptoms after only 2 to 3 days. Chronic granulomatous endometritis is usually caused by tuberculous.
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He led this process in hut 210 and performed treatments including the excision of eyelid cysts and tuberculous glands in the neck. He became accustomed to seeing boils, gangrene, diarrhoea, typhus and severe malnutrition. Supervision and briefings were given by nutritionist Arnold Peter Meiklejohn, Brigadier Hugh Glyn-Hughes and Colonel James Johnston. Hargrave also taught a Polish girl, Zosia Wiśniowska, how to speak English.
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Tuberculous dactylitis is a skeletal manifestation of tuberculosis, one of the commonest bacterial osteitis. It affects children more often than adults. The first radiological description of the condition is credited to Feilchenfeld in 1896; however, the first histological description was given by Rankin in 1886. The Swedish botanist and fysician Carl von Linne was the first to mention the condition by the name "spina ventosa" 1746 in his "Västgöta resa" .
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Pyrazinamide is well absorbed orally. It crosses inflamed meninges and is an essential part of the treatment of tuberculous meningitis. It is metabolised by the liver and the metabolic products are excreted by the kidneys. Pyrazinamide is routinely used in pregnancy in the UK and the rest of the world; the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends its use in pregnancy; and extensive clinical experience shows that it is safe.
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Due to the rarity of this parasite and a lack of knowledge, no good diagnoses or treatments for Acanthamoeba infection are now known. Acanthamoeba keratitis cases in the past have resolved from a therapy consisting of atropine and some other drugs with no antimicrobial effects. Recent publications show atropine to interfere with the protist's CHRM1 receptor, causing cell death. Infection usually mimics that of bacterial leptomeningitis, tuberculous meningitis, or viral encephalitis.
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According to the Ohio Department of Health and US Department of Health, the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine does not protect against TB infection. It does, though, give 80% of children protection against tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. Therefore, a positive TST/PPD in a person who has received BCG vaccine is interpreted as latent TB infection (LTBI).Information also from ODH lecture at the Ohio State University 5/24/2012.
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The first hospital was built for the Institute for Tuberculosis (today's Institute for Lung diseases) in 1957. The first patient was admitted to the new hospital on 6 June 1960. The diagnostic department for non-tuberculous patients was opened the following year and the surgery unit shortly afterwards, where resection surgeries of the lungs were performed. The Institute of Oncology is founded later on the same location in 1965.
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Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire (1985; second edition 2004) is a book by the psychologist Hans Eysenck, in which the author criticizes Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. Eysenck argues that psychoanalysis is unscientific. The book received both positive and negative reviews. Eysenck has been criticized for his discussion of the physician Josef Breuer's treatment of his patient Anna O., whom Eysenck argues suffered from tuberculous meningitis.
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Populations in higher latitudes potentially developed lighter skin to prevent vitamin D deficiency. A 500–300 ka H. erectus specimen from Turkey was diagnosed with the earliest known case of tuberculous meningitis, which is typically exacerbated in dark-skinned people living in higher latitudes due to vitamin D deficiency. Hairlessness is generally thought to have facilitated sweating, but reduction of parasite load and sexual selection have also been proposed.
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This report cleared the ground for further investigation of what was then known as tsetse-fly disease, although no method of prevention or cure was yet propounded His last work, in conjunction with Dr Sydney Sladen, reported on tuberculous milk. Shortly before his death he recommended one of his promising students, Walter Myers, for a John Lucas Walker scholarship. Kanthack is credited for the use of formalin as a histological fixative.
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The brothers were the sons of Charles and Rosina Fryer, who served as wardsman and matron at the Springsure Hospital. Charles was killed in 1917. One of the brothers who returned from the war, John (Jack) Fryer, resumed his studies at the University of Queensland but died of tuberculous in 1922. His fellow students donated £10 to the University of Queensland to establish a collection of Australian literature in Fryer's memory.
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Examples are: Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tuberculous. After came two years in China as Associate Professor of Medicine at the Beijing Union Medical College. He then returned to the United States, where the Great Depression was manifesting, taking a position at the University of Minnesota as Associate Professor of Medicine. While at Minnesota, he wrote the first edition of his textbook, which became the four volume series Treatment in General Medicine.
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People with alcoholic liver disease are at an increased risk of tuberculosis. The incidence of tuberculous peritonitis is particularly high in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. There are broadly two categories of treatment: A) Cirrhotic patients with essentially normal baseline liver function tests (Childs A Cirrhosis). Such patients may be treated with standard 4 drug regime for 2 months followed by 2 drugs for remaining 4 months (total 6-month treatment).
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Romat () is a pharmaceutical company and Kazakhstan's leading pharmaceutical brand. "Romat" is a pharmaceutical holding, uniting 3 modern plants for the manufacture of bio-products and polymeric medical products. The research and development department of "Romat" is working on tuberculous vaccines and other products. The company possesses a national distribution network with branches in 18 cities of Kazakhstan and in China and a retail network of 30 pharmacies in 5 cities of Kazakhstan.
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Malnutrition was also a major issue for families both in the Free State and Northern Ireland with a 9.6% infant mortality rate in Belfast, compared with 5.9% in Sheffield, England. It was stated in Stormont that maternity was more dangerous in Northern Ireland than in England or the Free State, with maternal mortality rising by a fifth between 1922 and 1938. Tuberculous was also a concern, killing many young people in Belfast and other areas.
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It forms smooth to rough colonies after 7 or more days of incubation and is considered a slow grower. Colonies grown in dark are nonpigmented, when grown in light or when young colonies are exposed briefly to light, colonies become brilliant yellow (photochromogenic) according to the Runyon classification of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria. If grown in a lighted incubator, most strains form dark red crystals of β-carotene on the surface and inside of colony.
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In possible malignancy, it is routine to perform a throat examination including mirror and/or endoscopy. On ultrasound, B-mode imaging depicts lymph node morphology, whilst power Doppler can assess the vascular pattern. B-mode imaging features that can distinguish metastasis and lymphoma include size, shape, calcification, loss of hilar architecture, as well as intranodal necrosis. Soft tissue edema and nodal matting on B-mode imaging suggests tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis or previous radiation therapy.
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15 Ross advocated the feeding of tuberculosis patients with raw or partially cooked meat from tuberculosis cattle. He wrote a paper on the subject for the New York Medical Journal, in 1907. Ross stated that he was a "habitual eater of quantities of very underdone sirloin of beef steak, and I do so because I believe as a result of investigations it protects me against all forms of tuberculous infection."A Physician's Strange Theory.
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Donovan Aaron was elected three times as a justice of the peace, with each term being five years. In 1915, he was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly as a Democrat from Jersey City, by 18,156 votes over George W. Ritter, the highest Republican vote getter. In the General Assembly, Donovan Aaron served on the committees on Public Health, Sanatorium for Tuberculous Diseases, and the State Prison. He was re-elected to the General Assembly in 1916.
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Among the bills he vetoed was one for the building of a statewide system of state roads, a cause he supported but chose to sacrifice for fiscal prudence and accountability. Stuart was, however, able to achieve several of his central legislative priorities. He secured labor laws that restricted children under age 14 from working in heavy industry. He also improved oversight of the healthcare field and authorized the construction of the Mont Alto Sanitorium to treat tuberculous patients.
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The seed capsules are cylindrical and ridged. These terrestrial orchids develop in a wide range of soil types and habitats, from strongly basic soils to deeply acidic bog soils, from forest openings and in clearings within the forest to open tundra. In all cases they require moist soils and are not found in dry or desert locations. While their fleshy tuberculous roots can store water, allowing them to survive temporary drought, they cannot survived extended drought.
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His final year of major competitions was 1989: he regained his 400 m African title at the 1989 African Championships in Athletics and also won a gold medal at the first Jeux de la Francophonie. Representing Africa at the 1989 IAAF World Cup, he finished third in the 400 m for the bronze medal. Tiacoh died in 1992 in Atlanta of tuberculous meningitis caused by miliary tuberculosis at the age of 28.Gabriel Tiacoh . Sports-reference.
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Tuberculous-meningitis- autopsy, showing associated brain oedema and congestion Diagnosis of TB meningitis is made by analysing cerebrospinal fluid collected by lumbar puncture. When collecting CSF for suspected TB meningitis, a minimum of 1ml of fluid should be taken (preferably 5 to 10ml). The CSF usually has a high protein, low glucose and a raised number of lymphocytes. Acid-fast bacilli are sometimes seen on a CSF smear, but more commonly, M. tuberculosis is grown in culture.
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B-mode imaging features that can distinguish metastasis and lymphoma include size, shape, calcification, loss of hilar architecture, as well as intranodal necrosis. Soft tissue edema and nodal matting on B-mode imaging suggests tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis or previous radiation therapy. Serial monitoring of nodal size and vascularity are useful in assessing treatment response. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has sensitivity and specificity percentages of 81% and 100%, respectively, in the histopathology of malignant cervical lymphadenopathy.
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In the pediatric age group, the marrow in the phalangeal bones are still active, a conducive place for the tuberculous bacilli to multiply. Slowly, the whole marrow space gets involved and this underlying granulomatous disease leads to expansion of the overlying soft cortex. Finally there is a fusiform dilation of the bone, with thinned out cortex and destruction of the marrow space leading to a balloon like shape; this cystic type of expansion of the bone is termed as spina ventosa.
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Tuberculosis not affecting the lungs is called extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Disease of the central nervous system is specifically excluded from this classification. The United Kingdom and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation is 2HREZ/4HR; the US recommendation is 2HREZ/7HR. There is good evidence from randomised-controlled trials to say that in tuberculous lymphadenitis and in TB of the spine, the six-month regimen is equivalent to the nine-month regimen; the US recommendation is therefore not supported by the evidence.
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In 1908, he pitched a perfect game during a tight pennant race that saw Cleveland finish a half-game out of first place; it was the closest that Joss came to a World Series berth. The 1910 season was his last, and Joss missed most of the year due to injury. In April 1911, Joss became ill and he died the same month due to tuberculous meningitis. He finished his career with 160 wins, 234 complete games, 45 shutouts and 920 strikeouts.
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Imperial Palace Reeves-Smith founded the Hotels and Restaurants Association (1910) and was its dominant figure for the rest of his life.The Times obituary, 30 May 1941, p. 7 He was connected with other catering industry organisations, including the International Hotel Alliance, of which he was president. His interests extended beyond the world of grand hotels: he was instrumental in founding in the Preston Hall centre for tuberculous ex-servicemen in Kent, and the British Sanatorium in Montana- Vermala, Switzerland.
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IGRAs cannot distinguish between latent infection and active tuberculosis (TB) disease, and should not be used as a sole method for diagnosis of active TB, which is a microbiological diagnosis. A positive IGRA result may not necessarily indicate TB infection, but can also be caused by infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria. A negative IGRA does not rule out active TB disease; a number of studies have shown that up to a quarter of patients with active TB have negative IGRA results.
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Bedaquiline has been studied in phase IIb studies for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis while phase III studies are currently underway. It has been shown to improve cure rates of smear-positive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, though with some concern for increased rates of death (further detailed in the Adverse effects section). Small studies have also examined its use as salvage therapy for non- tuberculous mycobacterial infections. It is a component of the experimental BPaMZ combination treatment (bedaquiline + pretomanid + moxifloxacin + pyrazinamide).
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Lumbar puncture in a child suspected of having meningitis. Increased CSF pressure can indicate congestive heart failure, cerebral edema, subarachnoid hemorrhage, hypo-osmolality resulting from hemodialysis, meningeal inflammation, purulent meningitis or tuberculous meningitis, hydrocephalus, or pseudotumor cerebri. In the setting of raised pressure (or normal pressure hydrocephalus, where the pressure is normal but there is excessive CSF), lumbar puncture may be therapeutic. Decreased CSF pressure can indicate complete subarachnoid blockage, leakage of spinal fluid, severe dehydration, hyperosmolality, or circulatory collapse.
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The company is a division of national charity Royal British Legion Industries (RBLI), which was founded in 1919 as Industrial Settlements Inc. RBLI's mission was to help veterans from the First World War during their rehabilitation. The company had taken possession of Preston Hall in Aylesford and was providing care to tuberculous ex-servicemen. Some of the men found that having something to do whilst recuperating, helped not only to pass the time, but also to help engage their brains and bodies.
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Fibrothorax complicating another condition, such as tuberculous pleuritis, empyema, or acute haemothorax often spontaneously resolves in 3-6 months. The prognosis after surgical decortication is variable and depends on the health of the underlying lung before the procedure takes place. If the lung was otherwise healthy, then certain aspects of lung function, such as vital capacity, may improve after decortication. If, however, the lung had significant disease, then lung function often does not improve and may even deteriorate after such intervention.
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In 1885 he introduced the surgical treatment of tuberculous glands in the neck. In an address at Glasgow in 1888 he urged the study of comparative medicine, proposing that information gained by observing the physiology and diseases of animals could often be applied to human medicine. Allbutt also made important studies of tetanus and hydrophobia. The novelist George Eliot described Allbutt as a 'good, clever and graceful man, enough to enable one to be cheerful under the horrible smoke of ugly Leeds'.
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The Glen Lake Sanatorium was constructed on the Trudeau Sanatorium model, established at the Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium in Saranac Lake, New York by Dr. Edward Livingston Trudeau. The fresh-air-and-bed-rest treatment of tuberculous patients often meant open windows, even during Minnesota winters. Sun therapy, called heliotherapy, was the other essential element of early treatment at Glen Lake. The 1921 Administration building and East and West Wings featured "deck houses" or uncovered porches running the entire length of the buildings' top floors.
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Mycobacterium immunogenum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram- positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. These non- tuberculous mycobacteria are sometimes found in fouling water-based cutting fluids, often causing hypersensitivity pneumonitis to the machinists in the affected grinding plants. The complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium immunogenum CCUG 47286T was deposited and published in DNA Data Bank of Japan, European Nucleotide Archive and GenBank in 2016 under the accession number CP011530.
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Edinburgh Medical School, Teviot Place, seen in 2010 For his MD thesis he studied the pathology and aetiology of tuberculosis of bones and joints. As Stiles had treated bone and joint TB in children by radical excision there was a large pathological collection available for study. He set out to investigate the claim by Robert Koch that the risk of humans acquiring TB by drinking milk from tuberculous cows was negligible. This view was not supported by laboratory experiments commissioned by a British royal commission.
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This is a group of tests that use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect mycobacterial nucleic acid. These test vary in which nucleic acid sequence they detect and vary in their accuracy. The two most common commercially available tests are the amplified mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test (MTD, Gen-Probe) and Amplicor. In 2007, review concluded that for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis "Individually, the AMTD test appears to perform the best (sensitivity 74% and specificity 98%)", they found the pooled prevalence of TB meningitis to be 29%.
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They are ventricose, with delicate, highly elevated spiral rib-striae,- of which there are about 5 on the upper and 10 on the last whorl. The surface of the ribs is slightly tuberculous, and the last one overhangs the succeeding whorl so as to form a broad deep channel at the suture. The interspaces have about the same width as the ribs, and are beautifully barred with close-set laminae. The base of the shell isconvex, with a small deep scalariform umbilicus, sculptured like the spire.
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The approach to diagnosing CGPD is controversial. Certain dermatologists suggest that ruling out infectious and allergic causes of similar skin eruptions and a skin biopsy demonstrating features consistent with CGPD is adequate for diagnosis. In contrast, other dermatologists advocate for performing a complete history and physical examination and obtaining laboratories and appropriate imaging to rule out cutaneous sarcoidosis. On microscopy, non-tuberculous granulomas with surrounding lymphocytes clustered around hair follicles may be seen; additionally, infiltrates of epithelioid macrophages, lymphocytes, and giant cells may also be seen.
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A complete biography of Dr. Flick, including how his family came to America, how he entered the medical field and what led to the study of tuberculous is contained in 'The Beloved Crusader' a book written by his daughter, Ella who was a novelist in her own right. See reference section below. In September 1890 he incorporated Rush Hospital for Consumption and Allied Diseases. He formed the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis, the first organization of this type in the world in 1892.
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Interferon-γ (interferon-gamma) release assays (IGRAs) are relatively new tests for tuberculosis. IGRAs are based on the ability of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens for early secretory antigen target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) to stimulate host production of interferon-gamma. Because these antigens are only present in few non- tuberculous mycobacteria or not in any BCG vaccine strain, these tests are thought to be more specific than the tuberculin skin test. The blood tests QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube and T-SPOT.
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Plastic surgeries were frequent for chronic ulcers, burns, hare- lip, vesico-vaginal fistula, trachoma, various scars and most importantly elephantiasis, to which he devised a new bloodless operation. He was also innovative in being one of the first to drain paraplegia-causing tuberculous abscesses. Removal of tumors and even teeth were also performed, along with hernia repairs. He was also able to align local customs with modern medical norms in the case of circumcision surgeries, which were performed by untrained tribal leaders with little to no antiseptic precautions before his intervention.
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Starting in 1997, the clinic made post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) available to women who suffered from rape and HIV health workers who had occupation injuries. In late 1998, individuals with long term severe opportunistic infections were offered antiretroviral therapy as opposed to only being allowed to treat their symptoms for free. For those infected with the more life-threatening tuberculosis, anti-tuberculous therapy was prioritized over ART. Partners in Health's success largely comes from the directly observed therapy that is given to the patients, through health care workers known as accompagnateurs.
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Some suggest that Hippocrates may have realized the existence of meningitis, and it seems that meningism was known to pre-Renaissance physicians such as Avicenna. The description of tuberculous meningitis, then called "dropsy in the brain", is often attributed to Edinburgh physician Sir Robert Whytt in a posthumous report that appeared in 1768, although the link with tuberculosis and its pathogen was not made until the next century. It appears that epidemic meningitis is a relatively recent phenomenon. The first recorded major outbreak occurred in Geneva in 1805.
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Phemister's name has been given to several medical techniques and signs. Most prominent among these is the Phemister graft, a technique for transplanting bone in cases of bone fractures with delayed union. The Phemister triad refers to three features typically seen in tuberculous arthritis: "juxta-articular osteopenia or osteoporosis, peripheral osseous erosions, and gradual narrowing of joint spaces... present in any large joint including the knee, hip, and shoulder." Dallas B. Phemister Hall, a student residence building at the University of Chicago built in 1958, was named for him.
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His attainments, both in biology and medicine, brought him many honours. He was Croonian Lecturer to the Royal Society in 1867 and 1877 and to the Royal College of Physicians in 1891. He gave the Harveian Oration before the College of Physicians in 1878, acted as President of the British Association at Nottingham in 1893 and served on three Royal Commissions: on Hospitals (1883), on Tuberculosis, Meat and MilkRoyal Commission on Tuberculosis: Report of the Royal Commission appointed to Inquire into the Effect of Food derived from Tuberculous Animals on Human Health.
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Patients with accelerated silicosis are at greater risk for complicated disease, including progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). ;Complicated silicosis: Silicosis can become "complicated" by the development of severe scarring (progressive massive fibrosis, or also known as conglomerate silicosis), where the small nodules gradually become confluent, reaching a size of 1 cm or greater. PMF is associated with more severe symptoms and respiratory impairment than simple disease. Silicosis can also be complicated by other lung disease, such as tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection, and fungal infection, certain autoimmune diseases, and lung cancer.
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18 August 1881, while staining tuberculous material with methylene blue, he noticed oblong structures, though he was not able to ascertain whether it was just a result of the coloring. To improve the contrast, he decide to add Bismarck Brown, after which the oblong structures were rendered bright and transparent. He improved the technique by varying the concentration of alkali in the staining solution until the ideal viewing conditions for the bacilli was achieved. After numerous attempts he was able to incubate the bacteria in coagulated blood serum at 37 degrees Celsius.
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Opie narrowed his general interest in infectious disease to focus on tuberculosis, an international scourge in the early part of the 20th century. In 1923 he became the Director of the Phipps Institute for the Study and Treatment of Tuberculosis at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. A concomitant appointment as Professor of Pathology was also given to him. Through Opie's work over the next decade, much was learned about the modes of tuberculous infection in children and adults, as well as aspects of immunity, hypersensitivity, and cellular defenses regarding that disease.
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André Chantemesse (23 October 1851 – 25 February 1919) was a French bacteriologist born in Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loire. From 1880 to 1885 he served as interne des hôpitaux in Paris, earning his doctorate in 1884 with a dissertation on adult tuberculous meningitis titled Étude sur la méningite tuberculeuse de l'adulte : les formes anormales en particulier. In 1885 he traveled to Berlin to study bacteriology at the laboratory of Robert Koch (1843–1910). After his return to Paris, he became associated with the work of Louis Pasteur.
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By the 1950s mortality in Europe had decreased about 90%. Improvements in sanitation, vaccination, and other public-health measures began significantly reducing rates of tuberculosis even before the arrival of streptomycin and other antibiotics, although the disease remained a significant threat. In 1946 the development of the antibiotic streptomycin made effective treatment and cure of TB a reality. Prior to the introduction of this medication, the only treatment was surgical intervention, including the "pneumothorax technique", which involved collapsing an infected lung to "rest" it and to allow tuberculous lesions to heal.
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Born into a Jewish family in New York City on February 22, 1917, to Sydney Auer (father) and Claire Stajer (mother), Jane Bowles spent her childhood in Woodmere, New York, on Long Island. She'd had a bad knee from birth, which was later broken from falling off a horse when she was a teenager. After knee surgery, she developed tuberculous arthritis, and her mother took her to Switzerland for treatment, where she attended boarding school. She also attended Julia Richmond High School in New York and Stoneleigh school for girls in Greenfield, Massachusetts.
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Mullen ejected the Massachusetts Gas and Electric Commission from City Hall in the middle of a hearing after they refused to hear him when he wanted to speak. On December 11, Mullen was defeated by former State Representative William E. Weeks by 230 votes. The Boston Daily Globe described the race between Mullen and Weeks as "one of the bitterest campaigns in years" and in his inaugural address, Weeks referred to Mullen as a "caterwauling demagogue" and vowed to overturn many of his acts, including firing of Hill and the closure of the Tuberculous Hospital.
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Pott disease is a tuberculous disease of the vertebrae marked by stiffness of the vertebral column, pain on motion, tenderness on pressure, prominence of certain vertebral spines, and occasionally abdominal pain, abscess formation, and paralysis. Ankylosing spondylitis is an inflammatory disease involving the spine and sacroiliac joints, so is also a form of spondylarthritis. A combination of spondylitis and inflammation of the intervertebral disc space is termed a spondylodiscitis. Spondylitis is one of the most common causes of back and neck pain, and results from inflammation of the vertebral joints.
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In fact he had been sickly and physically fragile since childhood. In 1720, he travelled to London, England, to consult Dr. Richard Mead, one of the most fashionable physicians of his time and an admirer of Watteau's work. However, London's damp and smoky air offset any benefits of Dr. Mead's wholesome food and medicines. Watteau returned to France, spending six months with Gersaint, and then spent his last few months on the estate of his patron, Abbé Haranger, where he died in 1721, perhaps from tuberculous laryngitis, at the age of 36.
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By 1960 it was thought that bTB might have been eradicated in the UK, until 1971 when a new population of tuberculous badgers was located in Gloucestershire. Subsequent experiments showed that bTB can be spread from badgers to cattle, and some farmers tried to cull badgers on their land. Wildlife protection groups lobbied Parliament which responded by passing the Badgers Act 1973, making it an offence to attempt to kill, take, injure badgers or interfere with their setts without a licence. These laws are now contained in the Protection of Badgers Act 1992.
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His use of rigorous aseptic technique and visits to continental surgeons like Jan Mikulicz-Radeckin at what was then the University of Breslau and Theodor Billroth in Vienna allowed him to successfully pioneer intestinal surgery in Scotland. He was one of the first to perform major gastrointestinal resections in Scotland. The operations he performed included excision of the tongue for carcinoma, closure of perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers, excision of the small bowel for tuberculous stricture, partial colectomy for colonic stricture and excision of the rectum for carcinoma, the latter procedure often performed under spinal anaesthesia.
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Rwanda's key HIV development and funding partners include the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculous and Malaria and PEPFAR. Additional development partners (including international foundations and NGOs, bilateral agencies, and the United Nations (UN)) provide financial and technical support and aid in Rwanda's process of HIV policy and program development. Development partners work with the Rwandan Government to set and achieve targets outlined in the National Strategic Plan 2013–2018. Development partners conduct joint planning and coordination with the Government and submit annual reports and budgets to ensure the Government can monitor and maximize development partners' resources.
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More recently a more comprehensive classification of the pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis has been proposed by Donald et al.: # A Rich focus develops as a result of haematogenous dissemination from the primary complex, including miliary tuberculousis, subsequently rupturing into the sub-arachnoid space. # A Rich focus develops within the choroid plexus or ventricular walls as a result of haematogenous dissemination. # The mechanism described by Rich and McCordock in which haematogenous dissemination at the time of infection, or later, results in development of a Rich focus which is initially controlled but later ruptures into the subarachnoid space.
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The sanitorium witnessed a great number of important changes in the treatment of tuberculosis as well as significant social changes. For example, the introduction of Streptomycin in 1947 revolutionised treatment for some. The National Health Service took over the responsibility of the sanatorium in 1948 and it continued its work dedicated to the treatment of tuberculous children up until 1953 whereupon it became a general children's hospital. With the introduction of effective antibiotic treatments in 1947 and an array of other public health measures, tuberculosis had now begun to steadily decline, however, even after this date it continued to take in tuberculosis patients.
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Life restoration by Emily Willoughby The skeletal morphology of Serikornis suggests a terrestrial ecology without flying adaptations. The tail is covered proximally by filaments and distally by fine rectrices. Symmetrical, barbule- free remiges are attached along the forelimbs and elongated feathers of the hind limbs extend to the toes, suggesting that the remiges of the hind legs had evolved in the maniraptorans residing on the ground before being co-opted to an arboreal lifestyle and possibly, gliding. The coracoid of Serikornis is devoid of diagnostic ornamentation present in Anchiornis but is distinguished by having the tuberculous coracoid elongated to form a crest.
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Public and external funding sources for HIV/AIDS in Rwanda in fiscal year 2012–2013 totaled USD 243.6 million, a four percent increase from the previous fiscal year spending. Of the total funding, USD 20.0 million (8.2% of total HIV/AIDS spending) came from public funding, and USD 223.6 million (91.8% of total HIV/AIDS spending) came from external funding. This total funding excludes out-of-pocket and private sector contribution. Among external HIV/AIDS funding sources in Rwanda, Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculous and Malaria made up 54.7% of HIV/AIDS funding, followed by the U.S. government (34.6%), international NGOs (1.0%), and UN Agencies (1.0%).
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The Boston Daily Globe described the race between Mullen and Weeks as "one of the bitterest campaigns in years" and in his inaugural address, Weeks referred to his predecessor as a "caterwauling demagogue" and vowed to overturn many of his acts, including firing of Police Chief William E. Hill and the closure of the Everett Tuberculous Hospital. In 1918, Christopher Harrison defeated Weeks by 390 votes, with Mullen, who supported Harrison after being eliminated in the preliminary election, taking credit for "putting [him] over". In 1922, Weeks was the Progressive Party candidate for United States Senate. He finished sixth with less than 1% of the vote.
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Royal Commission to Inquire into Effect of Food Derived from Tuberculous Animals on Human Health, British Parliamentary Papers 1895 (C7703) xxxv; 1896 (C7992) xlvi Fraser disproved Koch's view by demonstrating that 60% of the bones and joints he examined had the bovine form of the causative organism, Mycobacterium bovis. He went on to demonstrate the organism in local milk supplies and called for widespread pasteurisation of milk with increased regulation. The subsequent legislation led to the elimination of tuberculosis from milk supplies and resulted in a decline in incidence of bone and joint tuberculosis in children. Fraser's 1912 MD thesis was awarded a gold medal.
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It may identify bacteria in bacterial meningitis and may assist in distinguishing the various causes of viral meningitis (enterovirus, herpes simplex virus 2 and mumps in those not vaccinated for this). Serology (identification of antibodies to viruses) may be useful in viral meningitis. If tuberculous meningitis is suspected, the sample is processed for Ziehl- Neelsen stain, which has a low sensitivity, and tuberculosis culture, which takes a long time to process; PCR is being used increasingly. Diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis can be made at low cost using an India ink stain of the CSF; however, testing for cryptococcal antigen in blood or CSF is more sensitive.
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In 1980, Zumla moved to London to pursue an MSc in tropical medicine at the University of London. In 1982, he contracted life-threatening tuberculous meningitis, and was told that he would never walk again, but went on to make a remarkable recovery and return to work a year and a half later to a star-studded career despite disabling and painful neurological sequelae resulting from his meningitis. He went on to pursue doctoral studies on leprosy human monoclonal antibodies at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, where his 1987 dissertation (advised by Keith McAdam) merited him the Alan Woodruff Medal.. See library record here.
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He observed that these authors provide conflicting accounts of what malady Anna O. suffered from, and argued that establishing any retrospective diagnosis with certainty is difficult. The author Richard Webster suggested that Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire contains many cogent criticisms of Freud. However, he criticized Eysenck for uncritically accepting Thornton's argument that Breuer's patient Anna O. suffered from tuberculous meningitis. Sybil Eysenck wrote that the "real strength" of Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire was that it "not only cast doubt on traditional psychotherapy and psychoanalysis" but suggested behavior therapy as an alternative to them, a position in her view justified by subsequent research.
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As the number of patients at Topcider had been steadily increasing, MacPhail came to the idea of finding a place on the seashore where she could accommodate children with tuberculous. She learned that there is a villa in Dubrovnik that would be ideal for this purpose. MacPhail contacted Zivojin Mišić who was then the head of the generalštab and whom MacPhail knew from the Thessaloniki front. When MacPhail explained to him that this villa in Dubrovnik should serve as a health center and a children's rest home, he immediately ordered the villa to be handed over to the English-Serbian children's hospital for further use.
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On April 7, 1957 Margenat at the age of 24 years died of Tuberculous meningitis in his house in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He was buried at the Cementerio Municipal (Municipal Cemetery) San Jose in Villa Palmeras Santurce, Puerto Rico. In 1957, poet Ana Hilda Garrastegui Pellicia wrote a poem about Margenat titled "Siete Poemas a Hugo Margenat"Datos históricos sobre la Literatura Pepiniana His mother María Cristina Mediavilla, donated a collection of his written works to the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture which, under the direction of Puerto Rican poet José Manuel Torres Santiago, were published in 1974 under the title "Obras Completas" (Complete Works). Torres Santiago produced a recording of the poems with the voice of Margenat.
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The next day an autopsy was conducted by Pelletan, at which it was stated that a child apparently about ten years of age, "which the commissioners told us was the late Louis Capet's son", had died of a scrofulous infection of long standing. "Scrofula" as it was previously known, is nowadays called Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis referring to a lymphadenitis (chronic lymph node swelling or infection) of the neck (cervical lymph nodes) lymph nodes associated with tuberculosis. During the autopsy, the physician Dr. Pelletan was shocked to see the countless scars which covered the body of Louis-Charles. The scars were the result of the physical abuse the child suffered while imprisoned in the Temple.
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Due to its large refugee population in its catchment area, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton provides specialist care for a large number of patients with tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections. There is a weekly TB clinic that is run every Wednesday, as well as an inpatient service that cares for patients who need to be isolated and treated as an inpatient. The hospital provide specialist care for many patients with tuberculosis, and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, including infections due to Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium ulcerans. Along with the Western Hospital, which hosts the migrant screening clinic, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton arguably cares for the highest number of inpatient TB patients in the state.
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In 1922, after receiving his baccalaureate, he enrolled in the University of Pavia, Italy, as a foreign student. From 1923 to 1925, Feider attended Histology and Pathology classes of the famous professor Camillo Golgi, the scientist-physician who discovered the Golgi apparatus, the Golgi tendon organ and the Golgi tendon reflex. Unfortunately, the student Feider was feeding himself poorly, and in 1925, after three years of starvation, he contracted pulmonary tuberculosis, which was still ravaging lives at the time. Forced to leave his studies in Italy, he returned to Romania, and was admitted to the Tuberculosis Sanatorium of Bârnova, close to Iași, where he strictly followed the rudimentary anti-tuberculous of treatment of that time.
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Eysenck argues that the dreams Freud cites in The Interpretation of Dreams (1899) do not really support his theories, and that Freud's examples actually disprove his dream theory. Eysenck calls the psychoanalyst Ernest Jones' The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud (1953-1957) the "most famous" biography of Freud, but sees it as "more a mythology than a history, leaving out as it does nearly all the warts and making many alterations to the portrait by suppressing data and items which might reflect unfavourably on Freud." Eysenck accepts Elizabeth Thornton's argument, made in Freud and Cocaine (1983), also published as The Freudian Fallacy, that Breuer's patient Anna O. suffered from tuberculous meningitis.
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In 1900 Acland was appointed Medical Adviser to Reginald Wingate, the Sirdar and Governor-General of the Sudan and was asked to select medical personnel for the Sudan Government.Sudan Association of Surgeons During World War I he served as consulting physician to the London district.G.H. Brown, Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1826–1925 (London, Royal College of Physicians of London, 1955), volume 4 In August 1931 Acland posthumously received the Order of the Nile (2nd class) for his services to the Sudan Government.London Gazette 20 August 1931 His publications included The Future of the Tuberculous Soldier and A Collection of the Published Writings of William Withey Gull published by the New Sydenham Society (1894).
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He served as President of the Lisbon Society of Medical Sciences from 1898 to 1900. He was also a member of the country's Superior Council of Public Instruction, an executive of the National Assistance to the Tuberculous, and a member of the Superior Council of Health and Public Hygiene. He was a great proponent for the establishment of a specialised hospital to treat tuberculosis and other communicable diseases: such an hospital was established in 1906, by Hintze Ribeiro's Regenerator government, in a plot of land that had originally belonged to an old Franciscan nunnery, the Convent of Our Lady of Sorrows. The hospital was at first known as Rego Hospital, named after the neighbourhood where it was located; in 1929 it was renamed Hospital Curry Cabral.
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In 1919, a 64-bed sanitorium was opened in Westwood to treat miner's phthisis, a lung disease suffered by miners from working in dusty conditions. Later, it treated patients with tuberculous. In 1953, a ¾ mile bitumen road was built from the Huxham railway siding (just to the north of Westwood) to the sanitorium and named Haigh Drive in memory of Leonard Garfield Haigh, the former chairman of the Rockhampton Hospitals Board from 2 June 1933, to 16 February 1953. Commencing with a tiled-roof waiting shed at the siding with a plaque commemorating Haigh, the drive to the sanitorium was flanked with peltophorum trees and was officially opened by James Larcombe (MLA for Rockhampton) in the presence of Haigh's widow on Sunday 1 November 1953.
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Bongani Mawethu Mayosi BMedSci, MB ChB, FCP(SA), DPhil, (28 January 1967 – 27 July 2018) was a South African professor of cardiology He was the Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Cape Town and an A-rated National Research Foundation researcher. Prior to this, he was head of the Department of Medicine at the University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital. His father was a medical doctor and so is his wife; his research interests included rheumatic fever, tuberculous pericarditis and cardiomyopathy. He was a member of the Academy of Science of South Africa and a former President of the College of Physicians of South Africa and he headed numerous other biomedical organisations during his career.ASSAf.
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Early infection is characterized by a well demarcated, usually pale, skin lesion which has lost its hair, and there may be many of these lesions if the infection is more severe (most commonly found on the cooler parts of the body such as the elbows, knees, fingers, or scrotum, as the bacteria thrive in cooler environments). This early presentation is the same for both tuberculous and lepromatous forms of leprosy as they are a spectrum of the same disease (lepromatous being the more contagious and severe form in patients with impaired Th1 response). Disease progression is extremely slow, and signs of infection may not appear for years. Family members of those with the disease, and especially children, are most at risk.
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Discussing Breuer's patient Anna O., he evaluates the views of the psychologist Hans Eysenck, who argues that she suffered from tuberculous meningitis. He believes that engaging in retrospective diagnosis is extremely difficult, and notes that while Eysenck is one of several authors to have argued that Anna O. suffered from an organic malady, he gives a conflicting account of what the malady was. Criticizing Freud's theory of infantile sexuality, he notes that the psychoanalyst Irving Bieber arranged a partial translation of into English of a paper by the Hungarian pediatrician S. Lindner, who had reported a systematic study of sucking. Freud had used Lindner's observation that sensual sucking seems to absorb the attention completely and leads to either sleep or an orgasm-like response to develop his theory of infantile sexuality.
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Mary I of England touching for scrofula, 16th-century illustration by Levina Teerlinc The royal touch (also known as the king's touch) was a form of laying on of hands, whereby French and English monarchs touched their subjects, regardless of social classes, with the intent to cure them of various diseases and conditions. The thaumaturgic touch was most commonly applied to people suffering from tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis (better known as scrofula or the King's Evil), and exclusively to them from the 16th century onwards. The disease rarely resulted in death and often went into remission on its own, giving the impression that the monarch's touch cured it. The claimed power was most notably exercised by monarchs who sought to demonstrate the legitimacy of their reign and of their newly founded dynasties.
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But the title did not refer to a military rank; the word "serjeant" comes from the Latin "serviens" or "serving". Over the years, other duties of the Serjeant Surgeon have included embalming of the royal corpse, oversight of torture to ensure the prisoner was not killed, and the screening of applicants to be touched by the king for the cure of the King's evil (tuberculous glands of the neck). The first knighthood to be granted to a serjeant surgeon was in the reign of Henry VIII, to John Aylef, who was said to have cured the king of a fistula. The first serjeant surgeon to receive a peerage was Joseph Lister, the founder of antiseptic surgery, who was created Baron Lister of Lyme Regis in the County of Dorset by Queen Victoria.
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In the early 1980s when the Medical School of Ioannina was established, a group of pneumonologists headed by S.H. Constantopoulos started encountering, almost on a daily basis, X-ray images with extensive PCs in inhabitants of Metsovo. The researchers were told that this was very common to Metsovites and was the result of old tuberculous pleurisy. However, since the picture was not even remotely similar to calcified pleurisy from previous tuberculosis, they began to investigate the precise frequency of PCs, whether their abnormal incidence was in fact confined to Metsovites, and their true cause. In a field study in Metsovo and other areas around Ioannina, it was confirmed that PCs were very common among Metsovites, around 50% of adult population, increasing to more than 80% in those above 70; and that they were seen only in Metsovo and three neighbouring villages.
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Carla Perez (portrayed by Carla Fabianny as a child and by herself as an adult) lives with her father Raimundo (Armindo Bião) and unnamed tuberculous mother (Juliana Calil) in a small, poor shack located somewhere in the middle of the sertão of Bahia. After her mother dies, Carla and her father decide to move to Salvador in order to achieve better life conditions. Carla, having an innate talent for dancing, soon is spotted by eccentric talent manager Pierre (Perry Salles) and his personal assistant Beto (Val Perré); she is initially enthusiastic about her newly acquired fame, but soon discovers Pierre is an unscrupulous man that is only interested into the profits of exploiting her. Helped by her two vagabond friends, Bucha (Lucci Ferreira) and Chico (Lázaro Ramos), and by her boyfriend, Alexandre Pires (portrayed by himself), she garners the strength to fight Pierre back and live freely as she wishes.
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Up to 25% of patients with TB of the lymph nodes (TB lymphadenitis) will get worse on treatment before they get better and this usually happens in the first few months of treatment. A few weeks after starting treatment, lymph nodes often start to enlarge, and previously solid lymph nodes may soften and develop into tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis. This should not be interpreted as failure of therapy and is a common reason for patients (and their physicians) to panic unnecessarily. With patience, two to three months into treatment the lymph nodes start to shrink again and re- aspiration or re-biopsy of the lymph nodes is unnecessary: if repeat microbiological studies are ordered, they will show the continued presence of viable bacteria with the same sensitivity pattern, which further adds to the confusion: physicians inexperienced in the treatment of TB will then often add second-line drugs in the belief that the treatment is not working.
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In addition to North American networks, Rockefeller support and funding, and the ICMR, Sen was also influenced by Soviet surgeons, particularly Vladimir Demikhov. Along with other KEM Hospital cardiothoracic surgeons including M. D. Kelkar, G. B. Parulkar who established the technique of hypothermic circulatory arrest in resection of aortic aneurysm and T. P.Kulkarni who described tuberculous aortitis, Sen was one of the first to perform aortic surgery in the 1950s, laying the foundations at first for aortic surgery and than later open heart surgery in India. In 1952, following the adaptation of American techniques and after 25 dog experiments, he successfully performed the first intra-cardiac procedure in India by pushing his finger through a rheumatic mitral valve (closed mitral valvotomy) via a cut made in the right atrium of a beating heart. In 1953, he repaired a coarctation of the aorta and by 1956 he had successfully attempted the first direct vision closure of an atrial septal defect under hypothermia and inflow occlusion.
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Johnson had several health problems, including childhood tuberculous scrofula resulting in deep facial scarring, deafness in one ear and blindness in one eye, gout, testicular cancer, and a stroke in his final year that left him unable to speak; his autopsy indicated that he had pulmonary fibrosis along with cardiac failure probably due to hypertension, a condition then unknown. Johnson displayed signs consistent with several diagnoses, including depression and Tourette syndrome. There are many accounts of Johnson suffering from bouts of depression and what Johnson thought might be madness. As Walter Jackson Bate puts it, "one of the ironies of literary history is that its most compelling and authoritative symbol of common sense—of the strong, imaginative grasp of concrete reality—should have begun his adult life, at the age of twenty, in a state of such intense anxiety and bewildered despair that, at least from his own point of view, it seemed the onset of actual insanity".
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