That is why you should read "Sanditon," even in its sorry truncation.
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This is not so much a retrenchment of the single market as an abrupt truncation.
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Vivo did not elaborate if the truncation had disrupted their plans to leverage their tournament rights.
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Its present name, a truncation of Tribune online content, reflects an intention to focus more on pixels than on ink-stained wretchedness.
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Hence the emphasis on refinements, such as the work Apple put in on iOS to reduce truncation of Dynamic Type at the largest settings.
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And yet, the full novel version of Last Days is all about truncation—it follows the experience of an ex-detective named Kline, who is abducted into a cult-like society that believes amputation brings people closer to God.
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"Many firms will actually find this of no help because they have built systems which will reject a trade where there is no LEI, or because they cannot suppress a truncation report (delay it) until they eventually get such," Green said.
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There was a lag time, a window of fifty-five minutes, during which a limited number of things from the taped segments could be fixed: the bleeping out of a curse word or an ethnically suspicious slur ("gyp you"), the truncation of a Tourette's-like string of "you know"s which sometimes overcame the nervous.
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Roger Cohen Opinion Columnist "The indigenous American berserk," Philip Roth's encapsulation of the country he loved, is a resonating phrase in this time of repetitive school shootings, incontinent presidential tweets, tawdry abuse of public office, rule by mob incitement, manipulation through falsehood, wall obsessions, and the truncation of the English language to a 77-word lexicon "better called Jerkish," as Roth described Donald's Trump's miserable linguistic impact in The New Yorker.
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Alternatively, the Kleetope may be defined by duality and its dual operation, truncation: the Kleetope of is the dual polyhedron of the truncation of the dual of .
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In general any polyhedron (or polytope) can also be truncated with a degree of freedom as to how deep the cut is, as shown in Conway polyhedron notation truncation operation. A special kind of truncation, usually implied, is a uniform truncation, a truncation operator applied to a regular polyhedron (or regular polytope) which creates a resulting uniform polyhedron (uniform polytope) with equal edge lengths. There are no degrees of freedom, and it represents a fixed geometric, just like the regular polyhedra. In general all single ringed uniform polytopes have a uniform truncation.
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Phase truncation spurs can be reduced substantially by the introduction of white gaussian noise prior to truncation. The so-called dither noise is summed into the lower W+1 bits of the PA output word to linearize the truncation operation. Often the improvement can be achieved without penalty because the DAC noise floor tends to dominate system performance. Amplitude truncation spurs can not be mitigated in this fashion.
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This method utilizes the mechanism of telomere-mediated chromosomal truncation (TMCT). This process is the generation of truncation by selective transformation of telomeric sequences into a host genome. This insertion causes the generation of more telomeric sequences and eventual truncation. The newly synthesized truncated chromosome can then be altered through the insertion of new genes for desired traits.
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Edge-truncation is a beveling, or chamfer for polyhedra, similar to cantellation, but retaining the original vertices, and replacing edges by hexagons. In 4-polytopes, edge-truncation replaces edges with elongated bipyramid cells.
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For example, in numerical methods for ordinary differential equations, the continuously varying function that is the solution of the differential equation is approximated by a process that progresses step by step, and the error that this entails is a discretization or truncation error. See Truncation error (numerical integration) for more on this. Occasionally, round-off error (the consequence of using finite precision floating point numbers on computers) is also called truncation error, especially if the number is rounded by truncation.
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Cheque truncation (check truncation in American English) is a cheque clearance system that involves the digitalisation of a physical paper cheque into a substitute electronic form for transmission to the paying bank. The process of cheque clearance, involving data matching and verification, is done using digital images instead of paper copies. Cheque truncation reduces or eliminates the physical movement of paper cheques and reduces the time and cost of cheque clearance. Cheque truncation also offers the potential reduction in settlement periods with the electronic processing of the cheque payment system.
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Censoring should not be confused with the related idea truncation. With censoring, observations result either in knowing the exact value that applies, or in knowing that the value lies within an interval. With truncation, observations never result in values outside a given range: values in the population outside the range are never seen or never recorded if they are seen. Note that in statistics, truncation is not the same as rounding.
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The definition of the global truncation error is also unchanged. The relation between local and global truncation errors is slightly different from in the simpler setting of one-step methods. For linear multistep methods, an additional concept called zero-stability is needed to explain the relation between local and global truncation errors. Linear multistep methods that satisfy the condition of zero-stability have the same relation between local and global errors as one-step methods.
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In computer science, truncation selection is a selection method used in genetic algorithms to select potential candidate solutions for recombination modeled after the breeding method. In truncation selection the candidate solutions are ordered by fitness, and some proportion, p, (e.g. p = 1/2, 1/3, etc.), of the fittest individuals are selected and reproduced 1/p times. Truncation selection is less sophisticated than many other selection methods, and is not often used in practice.
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Peroxiredoxins can be regulated by phosphorylation, redox status such as sulfonation, acetylation, nitration, truncation and oligomerization states.
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The same is true for the diagnosis of AIDS, which is based on clinical symptoms and needs to be confirmed by a medical examination. It may also happen that subjects with a lifetime less than some threshold may not be observed at all: this is called truncation. Note that truncation is different from left censoring, since for a left censored datum, we know the subject exists, but for a truncated datum, we may be completely unaware of the subject. Truncation is also common.
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In numerical analysis and scientific computing, truncation error is the error made by truncating an infinite sum and approximating it by a finite sum. For instance, if we approximate the sine function by the first two non-zero term of its Taylor series, as in \sin(x) \approx x - \tfrac16 x^3 for small x, the resulting error is a truncation error. It is present even with infinite- precision arithmetic, because it is caused by truncation of the infinite Taylor series to form the algorithm. Often, truncation error also includes discretization error, which is the error that arises from taking a finite number of steps in a computation to approximate an infinite process.
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Alternation or partial truncation removes only some of the original vertices. In partial truncation, or alternation, half of the vertices and connecting edges are completely removed. The operation applies only to polytopes with even-sided faces. Faces are reduced to half as many sides, and square faces degenerate into edges.
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This book discusses round-off, truncation and stability extensively. For example, see Chapter 21: Indefinite integrals – feedback, page 357.
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Stratigraphic traps in Pennsylvanian Atoka sandstones and conglomerates are mainly pinch outs related to facies changes or erosional truncation.
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NY 164 was established on January 1, 1970, following the truncation of NY 216 to its current eastern terminus.
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The evaluation of truncation errors is an important procedure in numerical analysis (especially validated numerics and computer-assisted proof).
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The errors in the simulation are resulting from the Suzuki-Trotter approximation and the involved truncation of the Hilbert space.
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At least 24 spliced variants have been identified. There are 7 probable alternative promoters. The mRNAs appear to differ by truncation of the 5' end, truncation of the 3' end, presence or absence of 12 cassette exons, overlapping exons with different boundaries, splicing versus retention of 5 introns. The longest splice form contains 4428 bp.
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In 2008 the Reserve Bank of India introduced a system to allow cheque truncation—the conversion of checks from physical form to electronic form when sending to the paying bank—in India, the cheque truncation system as it was known was first rolled out in the National Capital Region and then rolled out nationally.
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X-ray crystal truncation rod scattering is a powerful method in surface science, based on analysis of surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) patterns from a crystalline surface. For an infinite crystal, the diffracted pattern is concentrated in Dirac delta function like Bragg peaks. Presence of crystalline surfaces results in additional structure along so-called truncation rods (linear regions in momentum space normal to the surface). Crystal Truncation Rod (CTR) measurements allow detailed determination of atomic structure at the surface, especially useful in cases of oxidation, epitaxial growth, and adsorption studies on crystalline surfaces.
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Truncations of the cube beyond rectification When "truncation" applies to platonic solids or regular tilings, usually "uniform truncation" is implied, which means truncating until the original faces become regular polygons with twice as many sides as the original form. 320px This sequence shows an example of the truncation of a cube, using four steps of a continuous truncating process between a full cube and a rectified cube. The final polyhedron is a cuboctahedron. The middle image is the uniform truncated cube; it is represented by a Schläfli symbol t{p,q,...}.
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This route contained a concurrency with FM 720; this was removed on January 31, 2002 with the truncation of FM 720.
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WHIM syndrome results from autosomal dominant mutations in the gene for the chemokine receptor, CXCR4, resulting in a carboxy-terminus truncation of the receptor of between ten and 19 residues. The gene mutant is located on 2q21. The truncation of the receptor protein results in the inability of downregulation after stimulation. Thus, the receptor remain in an activated state.
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C20orf196 produces 9 different mRNAs, with 7 alternatively spliced variants and 2 unspliced forms. There are 3 probable alternative promoters, 3 non-overlapping alternative last exons, and 2 alternative polyadenylation sites. The mRNAs differ by the truncation of the 5' end, truncation of the 3' end, presence or absence of 2 cassette exons, and overlapping exons with different boundaries.
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There was a shortage of the usual nickel due to World War II. A shortage of copper forced a switch to Chromium plated steel in 1944. Trade Dollar : Silver dollar issued specifically for trade with a foreign country. Truncation : Sharply cut off bottom edge of a portrait or bust. The coin engraver's initials are often found on the truncation.
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He explains the convenience of approximation by truncation in multiplication. Colson also devised an instrument (Counting Table) that calculated using signed digits.
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However, although many of the reflection terminations appear indicative of stratal truncation it may not be the only cause of reflection termination.
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In the American slang term bo diddly, bo is an intensifier and diddly is a truncation of diddly squat, which means "absolutely nothing".
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Additionally, truncation error can also become an issue. In explicit filtering, an LES filter is applied to the discretized Navier–Stokes equations, providing a well-defined filter shape and reducing the truncation error. However, explicit filtering requires a finer grid than implicit filtering, and the computational cost increases with (\Delta x)^4. Chapter 8 of Sagaut (2006) covers LES numerics in greater detail.
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A rearrangement in TNNT1 gene (c.574_577 delins TAGTGCTGT) leading to aberrant splicing that causes C-terminal truncation of the protein (L203 truncation) was reported in 9 Palestinian patients from 7 unrelated families with recessively inherited nemaline Myopathy. Illustrated in Fig. 3, the S108X mutation truncates ssTnT protein to cause a loss of functional structures equivalent to that of E180X.
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In May 2012, Benefit started running the nation's check truncation system. Thus, enabling 29 banks in the Kingdom to settle checks the same day.
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The St. Louis- Texarkana truncation of the Texas Eagle continued running until the advent of Amtrak on May 1, 1971, when it was discontinued.
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Cheque Truncation System (CTS) or Image-based Clearing System (ICS), in India, is a project of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), commenced in 2010, for faster clearing of cheques.Frequently asked questions (FAQ) on cheque truncation project in the National Capital Region CTS is based on a cheque truncation or online image-based cheque clearing system where cheque images and magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) data are captured at the collecting bank branch and transmitted electronically. Cheque truncation means stopping the flow of the physical cheques issued by a drawer to the drawee branch. The physical instrument is truncated at some point in route to the drawee branch and an electronic image of the cheque is sent to the drawee branch along with the relevant information like the MICR fields, date of presentation, presenting banks etc.
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He dismissed his other criticisms as representing a divergence of interpretation, truncation of his arguments by DeLong, and mistakes in the copy editing of the book.
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The truncation directly led to the elimination of one of NY 26's two spur routes, and the second was absorbed by other routes shortly afterward.
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The gene contains 20 distinct introns. Transcription produces 15 different mRNAs, 10 alternatively spliced variants and 5 unspliced forms. There are 4 probable alternative promoters, 4 non overlapping alternative last exons and 7 validated alternative polyadenylation sites. The mRNAs appear to differ by truncation of the 5' end, truncation of the 3' end, presence or absence of 4 cassette exons, overlapping exons with different boundaries, splicing versus retention of 3 introns.
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This is usually done by dividing the domain into a uniform grid (see image to the right). This means that finite- difference methods produce sets of discrete numerical approximations to the derivative, often in a "time-stepping" manner. An expression of general interest is the local truncation error of a method. Typically expressed using Big-O notation, local truncation error refers to the error from a single application of a method.
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In geometry, an alternation or partial truncation, is an operation on a polygon, polyhedron, tiling, or higher dimensional polytope that removes alternate vertices.Coxeter, Regular polytopes, pp. 154–156 8.6 Partial truncation, or alternation Coxeter labels an alternation by a prefixed h, standing for hemi or half. Because alternation reduces all polygon faces to half as many sides, it can only be applied to polytopes with all even-sided faces.
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The truncated 5-cube is constructed by a truncation applied to the 5-cube. All edges are shortened, and two new vertices are added on each original edge.
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Conway calls it a truncated hextille, constructed as a truncation operation applied to a hexagonal tiling (hextille). There are 3 regular and 8 semiregular tilings in the plane.
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Although technology needed to exist to enable cheque truncation, the laws related to cheques were the main impediment to its introduction. New Zealand was one of the first countries to introduce truncation and imaging of cheques, when in 1995 the Cheques Act 1960 was amended to provide for the electronic presentation of cheques. A number of other countries also adopted the system over the next few years, but progress was mixed due to the decline in the use of cheques generally in favour of electronic payment systems. Some countries decided that the effort to implement truncation could not be justified for a declining payment method, and instead phased out the use of cheques altogether.
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The truncated 5-orthoplex is constructed by a truncation operation applied to the 5-orthoplex. All edges are shortened, and two new vertices are added on each original edge.
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The HI disk of NGC 4302 is truncated to within the optical disk to the south of the galaxy. This truncation appears to be the result of ram-pressure.
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A mutation in the TEX15 gene was found to be associated with male infertility and meiotic maturation arrest. Truncation variants of TEX15 are also potential breast cancer risk factors.
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In the simplest form of Zipf's law, frequency is inversely proportional to rank. Belevitch expressed a large class of statistical distributions (not only the normal distribution) in terms of rank and then expanded each expression into a Taylor series. In every case Belevitch obtained the remarkable result that a first order truncation of the series resulted in Zipf's law. Further, a second-order truncation of the Taylor series resulted in Mandelbrot's law.
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PAN truncation is an anti-fraud measure available on some credit-card- processing point of sale (POS) terminals as part of a merchant account service. "PAN" is an acronym for primary account number, i.e., the "card number" on either a debit or a credit card. PAN truncation simply replaces the card number printed on a customer receipt with a printout of only the last four digits, the remainder being replaced usually by asterisks.
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As part of the truncation, NY 216's former alignment from West Pawling to Patterson was renumbered to NY 292 while the east–west roadway through Towners became NY 164.
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The portion of the route between Frewsburg and Conewango Valley became part of US 62 , resulting in the truncation of NY 83 to its current southern terminus in the 1940s.
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In general, the power series will not converge but will provide only an asymptotic expansion of the exact solution. A suitable truncation of the power series then yields a parametrix.
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J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, Vol. 101,(2002), pp. 1111–1131 is by using the original differential equation to substitute for the leading truncation error terms in the finite difference equation.
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Introduction of noise into the static values held in the PAC ROMs would not eliminate the cyclicality of the truncation error terms and thus would not achieve the desired effect.
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Very dark reddish brown or black, smooth, sinuate; head with three sharp points and a broad truncation in front; segments of the abdomen and the front with small acute tubercular projections.
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Ghosal found that for low-order discretization schemes, such as those used in finite volume methods, the truncation error can be the same order as the subfilter scale contributions, unless the filter width \Delta is considerably larger than the grid spacing \Delta x. While even-order schemes have truncation error, they are non-dissipative, and because subfilter scale models are dissipative, even-order schemes will not affect the subfilter scale model contributions as strongly as dissipative schemes.
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Truncation on the left cannot be used for rounding purposes in the quote notation system. The authors do not provide approximate versions of the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operators, instead they propose conversion to the overscore notation and then truncation on the right. This means that the operations have to be expanded to the full repeating group and then be converted, which in the light of section #cost does not appear to be a practicable proposal.
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The MICR codes and cheque details are normally encoded as text in addition to the image. The bank where the cheque was deposited would typically do the truncation and this dramatically decreased the time it took to clear a cheque. In some cases, large retailers that received large volumes of cheques would do the truncation. Once the cheque has been turned into a digital document, it can be processed through the banking system just like any other electronic payment.
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Routes 4, 201, and 202 traveled north on Patterson Boulevard, east on First Street, and north along Keowee Street across the Mad River. North of the river, the three state routes traveled along Valley Street with SR 202 splitting from the concurrency at Troy Street where the current routing exists. The truncation occurred at the same time of SR 201's truncation and SR 4's relocation onto US 35 and I-75 out of the downtown area.
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Due to tidal truncation caused by Messier 87, a significant amount of globular clusters have been striped away from NGC 4478 and have become members of Messier 87's globular cluster system.
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However, it only converges linearly (that is, with order 1) using the convention for iterative methods. The order of convergence of a discretization method is related to its global truncation error (GTE).
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Baka6 "trough shell" is a truncation of bakagai "trough shell; Mactra chinensis". Baka7 "numbness (of limbs)" is used in the expression baka ni naru , and baka8 means "(an antique kind of) coin counter".
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H.Versteeg & W. Malalasekra, "an Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics" 2009, pages 262–263. The disadvantage of this method is that more procedures are involved and due to larger , truncation error is also larger.
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There are at least 11 FAM234A isoforms. Aside from the longest transcript, the other isoforms differ by truncation, primarily at the 3' end. This results in a wide variation in sequence length between isoforms.
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The product name is a truncation of Gojira, the Japanese word for Godzilla. The name originated from a nickname Atlassian developers used to refer to Bugzilla, which was previously used internally for bug-tracking.
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Cheque Truncation. YouTube. Retrieved 19 May 2016. On 13 October 2013, Sybrin was acquired by EOH, a multinational technology company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange with over 11 000 employees.(14 October 2013).
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Only the frequencies corresponding to the zero optical path difference at the mirror, up to the farthest dots are sampled. Higher frequencies are rejected. This interferogram’s truncation determines the spectral resolution. The interferogram is undersampled.
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It was later extended, taking the current arc-shaped routing. A short truncation in the 1950s produced the current routing, which has remained unchanged since. In total, M-62 runs about in the two counties.
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In statistics, truncation results in values that are limited above or below, resulting in a truncated sample.Dodge, Y. (2003) The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms. OUP. A random variable y is said to be truncated from below if, for some threshold value c, the exact value of y is known for all cases y > c, but unknown for all cases y \leq c. Similarly, truncation from above means the exact value of y is known in cases where y < c, but unknown when y \geq c.
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The Act lets banks take advantage of image technologies and electronic transport while not being dependent on other banks being ready to settle transactions with images instead of paper. The process of removing the paper check from its processing flow is called "check truncation". In truncation, both sides of the paper check are scanned to produce a digital image. If a paper document is still needed, these images are inserted into specially formatted documents containing a photo-reduced copy of the original checks called a "substitute check".
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It is part of a truncation process between a dodecahedron and icosahedron: This polyhedron is topologically related as a part of sequence of uniform truncated polyhedra with vertex configurations (3.2n.2n), and [n,3] Coxeter group symmetry.
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This division is called the centered division, and its remainder r is called the centered remainder or the least absolute remainder. This is used for approximating real numbers: Euclidean division defines truncation, and centered division defines rounding.
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Near the town of Orofino (just east of Lewiston, Idaho) something curious happens: the craton margin makes a sharp right-angle bend to the west. What actually happens is the truncation of the WISZ by the WNW-trending Orofino Shear Zone (OSZ), which can be traced west roughly parallel with the OWL until it disappears below the Columbia River Basalts, and southeast across Idaho and possibly beyond. The truncation occurred between 90 and 70 Ma ago, possibly due to the docking of the Insular super-terrane (now the coast of British Columbia).
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In databases and computer networking data truncation occurs when data or a data stream (such as a file) is stored in a location too short to hold its entire length. Data truncation may occur automatically, such as when a long string is written to a smaller buffer, or deliberately, when only a portion of the data is wanted. Depending on what type of data validation a program or operating system has, the data may be truncated silently (i.e., without informing the user), or the user may be given an error message.
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Screw threads are almost never made perfectly sharp (no truncation at the crest or root), but instead are truncated, yielding a final thread depth that can be expressed as a fraction of the pitch value. The UTS and ISO standards codify the amount of truncation, including tolerance ranges. A perfectly sharp 60° V-thread will have a depth of thread ("height" from root to crest) equal to 0.866 of the pitch. This fact is intrinsic to the geometry of an equilateral triangle — a direct result of the basic trigonometric functions.
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In animal and plant breeding, truncation selection is a standard method in selective breeding in selecting animals to be bred for the next generation. Animals are ranked by their phenotypic value on some trait such as milk production, and the top percentage is reproduced. The effects of truncation selection for a continuous trait can be modeled by the standard breeder's equation by using heritability and truncated normal distributions; on a binary trait, it can be modeled easily using the liability threshold model. It is considered an easy and efficient method of breeding.
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Truncation errors are committed when an iterative method is terminated or a mathematical procedure is approximated, and the approximate solution differs from the exact solution. Similarly, discretization induces a discretization error because the solution of the discrete problem does not coincide with the solution of the continuous problem. For instance, in the iteration in the sidebar to compute the solution of 3x^3+4=28, after 10 or so iterations, it can be concluded that the root is roughly 1.99 (for example). Therefore, there is a truncation error of 0.01.
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Will argued that the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision caused a "truncation of democratic debate about abortion policy." On crime, Will is opposed to the death penalty. He thinks that higher incarceration rates make the populace safer.
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Originally intended as an extension of the US 311 freeway, the connector would serve as an extension of NC 192, though official plans have not mentioned its designation since the truncation of US 311 to downtown Winston-Salem.
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Moreover, since modified sites cannot be base-paired, modification sites can be detected by RT-PCR, where the reverse transcriptase falls off at methylated bases and produces different truncated cDNAs. These truncated cDNAs can be identified through gel electrophoresis or high-throughput sequencing. Improving upon truncation-based methods, DMS mutational profiling with sequencing (DMS- MaPseq) can detect multiple DMS modifications in a single RNA molecule, which enables one to obtain more information per read (for a read of 150 nt, typically two to three mutation sites, rather than zero to one truncation sites), determine structures of low-abundance RNAs, and identify subpopulations of RNAs with alternative secondary structures. DMS-MaPseq uses a thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase (TGIRT) that creates a mutation (rather than a truncation) in the cDNA when it encounters a base methylated by DMS, but otherwise it reverse transcribes with high fidelity.
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A bitruncated cube is a truncated octahedron. A bitruncated cubic honeycomb - Cubic cells become orange truncated octahedra, and vertices are replaced by blue truncated octahedra. In geometry, a bitruncation is an operation on regular polytopes. It represents a truncation beyond rectification.
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Where sampling is such as to retain knowledge of items that fall outside the required range, without recording the actual values, this is known as censoring, as opposed to the truncation here.Dodge, Y. (2003) The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms. OUP.
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These changes were implemented October 1983, 1985, and 1986, respectively. Other changes recommended at the time, like the truncation of M-54 to remove it from the wrong-way concurrency with M-83 near Birch Run, has never been implemented.
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The Taylor series truncation error of the central differencing scheme is second order. Central differencing scheme will be accurate only if Pe < 2\. Owing to this limitation, central differencing is not a suitable discretisation practice for general purpose flow calculations.
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Subsequently, the existence of the fixed point found within the Einstein–Hilbert truncation has been confirmed in subspaces of successively increasing complexity. The next step in this development was the inclusion of an R^2-term in the truncation ansatz. This has been extended further by taking into account polynomials of the scalar curvature R (so-called f(R)-truncations), and the square of the Weyl curvature tensor.The contact to perturbation theory is established in: Also, f(R) theories have been investigated in the Local Potential Approximation finding nonperturbative fixed points in support of the Asymptotic Safety scenario.
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A rectified cube is a cuboctahedron – edges reduced to vertices, and vertices expanded into new faces A birectified cube is an octahedron – faces are reduced to points and new faces are centered on the original vertices. A rectified cubic honeycomb – edges reduced to vertices, and vertices expanded into new cells. In Euclidean geometry, rectification, also known as critical truncation or complete-truncation is the process of truncating a polytope by marking the midpoints of all its edges, and cutting off its vertices at those points. The resulting polytope will be bounded by vertex figure facets and the rectified facets of the original polytope.
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Int function from floating-point conversion in C In most programming languages, the simplest method to convert a floating point number to an integer does not do floor or ceiling, but truncation. The reason for this is historical, as the first machines used ones' complement and truncation was simpler to implement (floor is simpler in two's complement). FORTRAN was defined to require this behavior, and thus almost all processors implement conversion this way. Some consider this to be an unfortunate historical design decision, that has led to bugs handling negative offsets and graphics on the negative side of the origin.
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For small values of ε (10−6 to 10−8) the errors introduced by truncating the Gaussian are usually negligible. For larger values of ε, however, there are many better alternatives to a rectangular window function. For example, for a given number of points, a Hamming window, Blackman window, or Kaiser window will do less damage to the spectral and other properties of the Gaussian than a simple truncation will. Notwithstanding this, since the Gaussian kernel decreases rapidly at the tails, the main recommendation is still to use a sufficiently small value of ε such that the truncation effects are no longer important.
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Individuals with truncation mutations in the gene coding for filaggrin are strongly predisposed to a severe form of dry skin, ichthyosis vulgaris, and/or eczema. It has been shown that almost 50% of all severe cases of eczema may have at least one mutated filaggrin gene. R501X and 2284del4 are not generally found in non-Caucasian individuals, though novel mutations (3321delA and S2554X) that yield similar effects have been found in Japanese populations. Truncation mutations R501X and 2284del4 are the most common mutations in the Caucasian population, with 7 to 10% of the Caucasian population carrying at least one copy of these mutations.
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ARV1 is hypothesized to be involved in neurodevelopment, as a splice variant of ARV1 with a 40 amino acid truncation causes epileptic encephalopathy in infants.d Arv1-/- mice corroborate this observation. In yeast knockouts, supplanting human ARV1 through plasmid transfection rescues cells from death.
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The eastern terminus was progressively scaled back starting in 1968. The US 25 concurrency was removed and the terminus was moved to M-39/Southfield Road in Allen Park. A second truncation scaled the terminus back to US 12, the current eastern endpoint.
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Choanoceras had a slender, very gently curved shell with a natural truncation where it discarded the apical portion sometime during its life, somewhat resembling earlier ascocerids, with siphuncle segments that became gradually more expanded during growth. Nothing is known of the animal itself.
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The method requires charge neutrality of the molecular system in order to calculate accurately the total Coulombic interaction. A study of the truncation errors introduced in the energy and force calculations of disordered point-charge systems is provided by Kolafa and Perram.
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Syncytin-1 is a single pass membrane protein and has a relatively long cytoplasmic tail; however, truncation of the cytoplasmic tail to just 14 residues has been shown to increase fusogenic activity, indicating its C-terminus is likely involved in modulating fusion activity.
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A portmanteau also differs from a compound, which does not involve the truncation of parts of the stems of the blended words. For instance, starfish is a compound, not a portmanteau, of star and fish, as it includes both words in full.
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Homozygous polymorphisms in the CASC5 gene have been seen in patients with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH). The mutation resulted in the skipping of exon 18 transcription, causing a frameshift and the production of a truncated protein. This truncation inhibits the binding ability of MIS12.
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SR 175 formerly extended further north from its westernmost point to Orland at U.S. Route 1. In 2014, to simplify route numbering for travelers between Orland and Castine, MaineDOT proposed the truncation of SR 175 to SR 166. The change took place by June 2015.
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PRR9 is also activated by alternative RNA splicing. When PRMT5 (a methylation factor) is prevented from methylating intron 2 of PRR9, a frameshift resulting in premature truncation occurs. PRR7 and PRR9 also play a role in the entrainment of A. thaliana to a temperature cycle.
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On September 6, 1966, after over twenty years of cosignage, SH-32 was truncated to its current western terminus in Ryan. Everything west of Waurika was now solely US-70. After the truncation of 1966, SH-32 had the same route that it does today.
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C9orf43 contains 10 alternatively spliced mRNAs, 8 of which encode good proteins. The mRNA discussed in this entry has accession number NM_001278629.1 and differs from other mRNA variants in truncation of 5' and 3' ends and inclusion or exclusion of the six cassette exons.
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In Ireland, this truncation resulted in surnames such as "Guinness" (son of Aonghus, cf. MacAonghusa) beginning usually in "C" or "G" for patronymics prefixed with Mac, and in "H" (e.g. "Hurley" (descendant of Iarlath, cf. Ua h-Iarfhlatha/O'Hurley)) for surnames prefixed with "O".
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I, p. 214 The painting has been cut down on both the left and right sides.There is no documentation as to the dates or reasons for the trimming. López-Rey states that the truncation is more notable on the right. López-Rey (1999), Vol.
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The MCM6 gene, MCM6, is expressed at very high level. MCM6 contains 18 introns. There are 2 non overlapping alternative last exons. The transcripts appear to differ by truncation of the 3' end, presence or absence of 2 cassette exons, common exons with different boundaries.
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Instrument-specific legislation includes the Cheques Act 1960, part of the Bills of Exchange Act 1908, which codifies aspects related to the cheque payment instrument, notably the procedures for the endorsement, presentment and payment of cheques. A 1995 amendment provided for the electronic presentment of cheques and removed the previous requirement to deliver cheques physically to the paying bank, opening the way for cheque truncation and imaging. Truncation allows for the transmission of an electronic image of all or part of the cheque to the paying bank's branch, instead of cumbersome physical presentment. This reduced the total cheque clearance time and eliminated the costs of physically moving the cheque.
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To date, roughly 350 mutations in MYBPC3 have been identified, and in large part, the mutations result in protein truncation, shifts in reading frames, and premature termination codons. Genetic studies have revealed significant overlap between genotypes and phenotypes as MYBPC3 mutations can lead to various forms of cardiomyopathies, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. In patients with isolated or familial cases of dilated cardiomyoathy, MYBPC3 mutations represented the second highest number of known mutations. Furthermore, a 25-bp intronic MYBPC3 deletion leading to protein truncation is present in 4% of the population in South India and is associated with a higher risk to develop heart failure.
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The general approach to traceback is to accumulate path metrics for up to five times the constraint length (5 (K - 1)), find the node with the largest accumulated cost, and begin traceback from this node. The commonly used rule of thumb of a truncation depth of five times the memory (constraint length K-1) of a convolutional code is accurate only for rate 1/2 codes. For an arbitrary rate, an accurate rule of thumb is 2.5(K - 1)/(1−r) where r is the code rate.B. Moision, "A truncation depth rule of thumb for convolutional codes," 2008 Information Theory and Applications Workshop, San Diego, CA, 2008, pp.
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Color Cell Compression is a lossy image compression algorithm developed by Campbell et al., in 1986, which can be considered an early forerunner of modern texture compression algorithms, such as S3 Texture Compression and Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression. It is closely related to Block Truncation Coding, another lossy image compression algorithm, which predates Color Cell Compression, in that it uses the dominant luminance of a block of pixels to partition said pixels into two representative colors. The primary difference between Color Cell Compression and Block Truncation Coding is that the former was designed to compress color images and the latter was designed to compress grayscale images.
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Sybrin is a company headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa that sells payment and information management software and services. Sybrin implemented the first cheque truncation system in Africa, the third in the world, in Malawi.Sybrin Banking. Gestetner Malawi. Retrieved 19 May 2016. At a modular level, Sybrin’s offerings include EFT, ISO 20022, RTGS, and SWIFT processing, payment switches, mobile payments, cheque processing and truncation, cheque book ordering, Integrated Verification Systems, statements, reconciliation, Automated Clearing House (ACH) systems, document management, case management, account opening and KYC, biometrics, and information distribution. Sybrin’s clients include corporates, banking institutions, central banks, and national Automated Clearing Houses.Sybrin - Clients. Sybrin. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
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The original nanodisc was produced by apoA1-derived MSPs from 2002. The size and stability of these discs depend on the size of these proteins, which can be adjusted by truncation and fusion. In general, MSP1 proteins consist of one repeat, and MSP2s are double-sized.
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NGC 4580 has a severely truncated star- forming disk. This may be due to ram-pressure stripping caused by the infall of the Messier 49 subcluster into the Virgo Cluster. Due to the truncation of the star forming disk, NGC 4580 is classified as an Anemic galaxy.
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Alternatively, Weems (2019) proposed that the truncation of digit II in trackway A was not an injury, but due to the trackmaker shifting its weight leftwards in response to its right foot sinking more deeply into the substrate, leaving an imperfect and poorly depressed digit II impression.
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The trunkline was first designated along a portion of its current alignment by 1919. M-61 was extended in segments through 1940, with a truncation at the end of the 1950s. One change in routing in the 1970s resulted in the current routing of the highway.
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The last type of selection method is referred to as the threshold based method. This includes the truncation selection method, which sorts individuals based on their phenotypic values on a specific trait and later selects the proportion of them that are within a certain threshold as parents.
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A mutant protein is the protein product encoded by a gene with mutation. Mutated protein can have single amino acid change (minor, but still in many cases significant change leading to disease) or wide-range amino acid changes by e.g. truncation of C-terminus after introducing premature stop codon.
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In geometry, the truncated tetrahexagonal tiling is a semiregular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. There are one square, one decagon, and one dodecagon on each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol of t0,1,2{6,5}. Its name is somewhat misleading: literal geometric truncation of pentahexagonal tiling produces rectangles instead of squares.
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There is sometimes a slight tendency toward plication on the periphery of the last whorl. The oblique aperture is quadrangular and smooth inside. The basal lip is thickened by a straight callous inside. The short columella is vertical, arcuate above, and terminaties in a truncation or fold-like tooth.
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There are model formulations for linear and nonlinear regression, robust estimation, discrete choice (including binary choice, ordered choice and unordered multinomial choice), censoring and truncation, sample selection, loglinear models, survival analysis, quantile regression (linear and count), panel data, stochastic frontier and data envelopment analysis, count data, and time series.
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Current uses have involved truncation or cropping, yolk manipulation, hormonal treatments, maternal allocation, temperature manipulation, or altering the nutritional states. Each method undoubtedly has its merits and pitfalls to consider before designing an experiment, but these techniques are opening new avenues of research in comparative and evolutionary biology.
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A bitruncation is a deeper truncation, removing all the original edges, but leaving an interior part of the original faces. Example: a truncated octahedron is a bitruncated cube: t{3,4} = 2t{4,3}. A complete bitruncation, called a birectification, reduces original faces to points. For polyhedra, this becomes the dual polyhedron.
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The light-year is often used in popular works, but is not an approved non-SI unit and is rarely used by professional astronomers. When simulating a numerical model of the Solar System, the astronomical unit provides an appropriate scale that minimizes (overflow, underflow and truncation) errors in floating point calculations.
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Once an error is generated, it will generally propagate through the calculation. For instance, already noted is that the operation + on a calculator (or a computer) is inexact. It follows that a calculation of the type is even more inexact. The truncation error is created when a mathematical procedure is approximated.
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Boundy-Mills KL, Livingston DM. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD52 allele expressing a C-terminal truncation protein: activities and intragenic complementation of missense mutations. Genetics. 1993;133(1):39-49. This finding of intragenic complementation suggests that the RAD52 protein has a multimeric structure that allows cooperative interactions between the constituent monomers.
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The former routing of NY 52 between Stormville and Patterson became part of NY 216. The route remained unchanged until January 1, 1970, when NY 216 was truncated to its current eastern terminus in Poughquag. As part of the truncation, its former alignment from West Pawling to Patterson was renumbered to NY 292.
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Carmeliet P, et al., Targeted deficiency or cytosolic truncation of the VE-cadherin gene in mice impairs VEGFmediated endothelial survival and angiogenesis. Cell. 1999; 98: 147–57.Carmeliet P, et al. Synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor contributes to angiogenesis and plasma extravasation in pathological conditions. Nat Med.
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The second was built to bypass Plainfield and thus provide a smoother alignment through that area. Since then, Highway 37 has remained more-or-less unaltered, with the exception of a truncation during the late 1990s. The section from Highway 62 north to Highway 401 was transferred to the City of Belleville.
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30-40% of mutations in the VHL gene consist of 50-250kb deletion mutations that remove either part of the gene or the whole gene and flanking regions of DNA. The remaining 60-70% of VHL disease is caused by the truncation of pVHL by nonsense mutations, indel mutations or splice site mutations.
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IEL/UNICAMP: 25-58. (Vowel Harmony, Truncation, Lowering, and Neutralization in the Portuguese Verb System) 1992\. (with João Moraes). ‘Sobre a Duração dos Segmentos Vocálicos Nasais e Nasalizados em Português. Um Exercício de Fonologia Experimental’, Wetzels & Abaurre (eds.), Fonologia do Português, Numero Especial dos Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos. IEL/UNICAMP: 153-166.
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As with the sampled Gaussian, a plain truncation of the infinite impulse response will in most cases be a sufficient approximation for small values of ε, while for larger values of ε it is better to use either a decomposition of the discrete Gaussian into a cascade of generalized binomial filters or alternatively to construct a finite approximate kernel by multiplying by a window function. If ε has been chosen too large such that effects of the truncation error begin to appear (for example as spurious extrema or spurious responses to higher-order derivative operators), then the options are to decrease the value of ε such that a larger finite kernel is used, with cutoff where the support is very small, or to use a tapered window.
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Encryption, hashing, masking and truncation are methods used to protect card holder data. # Encrypting transmission of cardholder data over open, public networks. Strong encryption, including using only trusted keys and certifications reduces risk of being targeted by malicious individuals through hacking. # Protecting all systems against malware and performing regular updates of anti-virus software.
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Warnbro was first created for the 2008 state election. It was essentially a truncation of the abolished district of Peel. All of Warnbro was previously covered by Peel, whilst Peel's northernmost suburbs became part of the new district of Kwinana. Warnbro was won by Labor MP Paul Papalia, who was previously the member for Peel.
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A 60% thread may be appropriate in cases where high tensile loading will not be expected. In both cases, the pitch diameter is not affected. The balancing of truncation versus thread strength is similar to many engineering decisions involving the strength, weight and cost of material, as well as the cost to machine it.
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In April 1998, it was truncated again to Elkhart, Indiana. Before its second truncation in 2008, it passed through Mishawaka and South Bend. Former segments of US 33 are now known as M-63, M-139, M-51, and State Road 933. Various segments of US 33 have been improved to limited-access freeways.
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It also needed to address the process for dishonoured cheques, as paper cheques could no longer be returned. A typical solution, as defined by the Monetary Authority of Singapore for the Singapore cheque truncation system, was that a special 'Image Return Document' was created and sent back to the bank that had truncated the cheque.
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Between 1957 and the end of 1960, the southern terminus was truncated to the Hall–Dawson county line. Between 1963 and 1966, it was further truncated to a point just west of the county line. In 1968, yet another truncation left the southern terminus at the northern shore of Lake Lanier. In 1980, SR 226 was decommissioned.
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Major studies in which knockout of particular amino acids was achieved in the CTD have been carried out. The results indicate that RNA polymerase II CTD truncation mutations affect the ability to induce transcription of a subset of genes in vivo, and the lack of response to induction maps to the upstream activating sequences of these genes.
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Benedek took great care in making the film a close transcription of the play. In many places, the film uses Miller's lines verbatim, sometimes leaving out only small lines of dialogue. However, the playwright claimed that the movie was ruined by the truncation of key scenes. In fact, the playwright had no involvement with or control over the film.
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Accuracy Based on the backward differencing formula, the accuracy is only first order on the basis of the Taylor series truncation error. It gives error when flow is not aligned with grid lines. Distribution of transported properties become marked giving diffusion-like appearance, called as the false diffusion. Refinement of grid serves in overcoming the issue of false diffusion.
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Many applications of protein engineering for drug discovery or biophysics applications involve modification of the protein amino acid sequence through truncation, domain fusions, site-specific modifications or random mutagenesis. Thermofluor provides a high throughput method for the evaluation of the effects of such sequence variations on protein stability as well as means for developing stabilizing conditions if required.
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Assumptions must be made to simplify these analytical theories, such as truncation of the Earth's gravitational potential to a few zonal harmonic terms. The atmosphere is usually modeled as a static, spherical density field that exponentially decays. Third body influences and resonance effects are partially modeled. Increased accuracy of GP theory usually requires significant development efforts.
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The highway was also downloaded within the United Counties of Prescott and Russell, where it was redesignated as County Road 17. The result of these transfers was the truncation of Highway 17 at the western end of Highway 417, while the Trans-Canada Highway designation was taken from the former Highway 17 and applied to Highway 417.
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The pink region outside the disk shows the stability region of the backward Euler method. The backward Euler method has order one. This means that the local truncation error (defined as the error made in one step) is O(h^2) , using the big O notation. The error at a specific time t is O(h) .
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In analog-to- digital conversion a quantization error occurs. This error is either due to rounding or truncation. When the original signal is much larger than one least significant bit (LSB), the quantization error is not significantly correlated with the signal, and has an approximately uniform distribution. The RMS error therefore follows from the variance of this distribution.
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Despite the plan to route the North Leg in a tunnel beneath K Street, the intense opposition to previous, scrapped alignments for the D.C. freeway network, which included previous alignments for the North Leg Freeway, led to the mass cancellation of all unbuilt D.C. freeways in 1977, resulting in the truncation of I-66 at US 29.
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C. aceratus and C. rastrospinosus both fail to express the major adult α-globin, α1, due to the same 5' truncation of the gene, and have lost the β-globin gene entirely. Zhao et al. propose that an ancestral channichthyid fish lost expression of both genes through a single mutation. Antarctic icefish also have very few erythrocytes.
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The first mouse mutant in the Apc gene came from a colony of randomly mutagenized mice. This mouse model is called Min (multiple intestinal neoplasia) mouse. It was found to carry a truncation mutation at codon 850 of the Apc gene. The Min mouse can develop up to 100 polyps in the small intestine in addition to colon tumors.
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The first term of the series is also discarded. Such reduction is acceptable if it is known that the series of functions converge. Truncation consists in subsequently performed one-digit operations of division by parameter R. The one-digit operations in all the digits of a row are performed simultaneously, and the carries from lower row are discarded.
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R-nary triangular code is accompanied by a scale factor M, similar to exponent for floating-point number. Factor M permits to display all coefficients of the coded series as integer numbers. Factor M is multiplied by R at the code truncation. For addition factors M are aligned, to do so one of added codes must be truncated.
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KIAA0922 mRNA is around 5 kilo-base pairs(kbp) in length. Thirteen splice variants are supported by ACEVIEW analysis but only two have been experimentally identified. Mostly, different variants seem to vary based on differing truncation of the 3' and 5' ends (especially due to the presence of an upstream stop codon in the exonic region).
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Other regulatory fuzzy regions of Ultrabithorax are also shown by dotted lines. Fuzzy complexes are protein complexes, where structural ambiguity or multiplicity exists and is required for biological function.Fuxreiter, M. & Tompa, P. (2011) Fuzziness: Structural Disorder in Protein Complexes Austin, New York. Alteration, truncation or removal of conformationally ambiguous regions impacts the activity of the corresponding complex.
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The truncated point problem requires enough bits to be truncated from the point selected by Dual_EC_DRBG to make it indistinguishable from a truly random number. However, the truncation of 16 bits, the default specified by the Dual_EC_DRBG standard, has been shown to be insufficient to make the output indistinguishable from a true random number generator and therefore invalidates Dual_EC_DRBG's security proof when the default truncation value is used. Hash_DRBG and HMAC_DRBG have security proofs for a single call to generate pseudorandom numbers. The paper proving the security of Hash_DRBG and HMAC_DRBG does cite the attempted security proof for Dual_EC_DRBG used in the previous paragraph as a security proof to say that one should not use CTR_DRBG because it is the only DRBG in NIST SP 800-90A that lacks a security proof.
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An alternative construction, the medial graph, coincides with the line graph for planar graphs with maximum degree three, but is always planar. It has the same vertices as the line graph, but potentially fewer edges: two vertices of the medial graph are adjacent if and only if the corresponding two edges are consecutive on some face of the planar embedding. The medial graph of the dual graph of a plane graph is the same as the medial graph of the original plane graph.. For regular polyhedra or simple polyhedra, the medial graph operation can be represented geometrically by the operation of cutting off each vertex of the polyhedron by a plane through the midpoints of all its incident edges.. This operation is known variously as the second truncation,. degenerate truncation,.
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Farm to Market Road 1505 (FM 1505) was a farm to market road in El Paso County. No highway currently uses the FM 1505 designation. FM 1505 was designated on September 28, 1949, from SH 20 (was US 80 before its rerouting off of this road; and its future truncation) to Trowbridge Drive. FM 1505 was also called Clark Drive.
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M-78 designation was removed through Lansing. In 1972, the highway was rerouted to run east of Bellevue to Olivet instead of northeast to Charlotte. The next year, all of M-78 northeast of Olivet was removed when I-69 between Charlotte and I-96 southwest of Lansing was completed; this truncation produced the modern routing of M-78 in the state.
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A substitute check or cheque, also called an image cash letter (ICL), clearing replacement document (CRD), or image replacement document (IRD), is a negotiable instrument used in electronic banking systems to represent a physical paper cheque (check). It may be wholly digital from payment initiation to clearing and settlement or it may be a digital reproduction (truncation) of an original paper check.
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Another way that flutter manifests is as a truncation of reverb tails. This may be due to the persistence of memory with regard to spatial location based on early reflections and comparison of Doppler effects over time. The auditory system may become distracted by pitch shifts in the reverberation of a signal that should be of fixed and solid pitch.
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Commonly found in Myxotrichum species are the secondary and tertiary branching of peridial hyphae. These branches can be identified by the lighter colouring in comparison to the ascocarp of the fungi, or truncation that results from the fragility of such branching. These truncations were previously thought to have been the release of conidiophores, but no evidence was found on initial conidiophore attachment.
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According to Harold Sackman, it "showed conclusively that the wrong timing of human and technical operations was leading to frequent truncation of the flight path tracking system." Back-Up Interceptor Control Systems (BUIC) were used to replace the AN/FSQ-7s: two remained at SAGE sites until 1983 including McChord AFB, and the Q7 at Luke AFB was demolished in February 1984.
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The protocol supports search, retrieval, sort, and browse. Search queries contain attributes, typically from the bib-1 attribute set which defines six attributes to specify information searches on the server computer: use, relation, position, structure, truncation, completeness. The syntax of Z39.50 allows for very complex queries. In practice, the functional complexity is limited by the uneven implementations by developers and commercial vendors.
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Free (unallocated) space fragmentation occurs when there are several unused areas of the file system where new files or metadata can be written to. Unwanted free space fragmentation is generally caused by deletion or truncation of files, but file systems may also intentionally insert fragments ("bubbles") of free space in order to facilitate extending nearby files (see preventing fragmentation below).
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Alternation in the phonetic shapes of morphemes is frequent and most often vocalic. Vocalic alternations result from processes (ablaut, epenthesis and truncation) that can be morphologically or phonologically conditioned. Consonantal alternations arise from two processes: velar stops /k kʼ/ may palatalize to /c č/ and affricates /c č/ become /t/ before /s š/. For instance, /c/ + /š/ becomes /t/ + /š/.
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Example: an octahedron is a birectification of a cube: {3,4} = 2r{4,3}. Another type of truncation, cantellation, cuts edges and vertices, removing the original edges, replacing them with rectangles, removing the original vertices, and replacing them with the faces of the dual of the original regular polyhedra or tiling. Higher dimensional polytopes have higher truncations. Runcination cuts faces, edges, and vertices.
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Transport between this original Milsons Point station and central Sydney was by ferry boat. Most of the North Shore line was duplicated between 1900 and 1909. In 1927 the line was converted to electric operation using a 1500 volt DC, overhead supply. The construction works for the Sydney Harbour Bridge necessitated truncation of the southern terminus from Milsons Point to Lavender Bay.
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Implementations can be found in C, C++, Matlab and Python. Sampling from the multivariate truncated normal distribution is considerably more difficult. Exact or perfect simulation is only feasible in the case of truncation of the normal distribution to a polytope region. In more general cases, Damien and Walker (2001) introduce a general methodology for sampling truncated densities within a Gibbs sampling framework.
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With a plain summation, each incoming value would be aligned with `sum`, and many low-order digits would be lost (by truncation or rounding). The first result, after rounding, would be 10003.1. The second result would be 10005.81828 before rounding and 10005.8 after rounding. This is not correct. However, with compensated summation, we get the correct rounded result of 10005.9.
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The first interior-reconstruction method listed below is extrapolation. It is a local tomography method which eliminates truncation artifacts but introduces another type of artifact: a bowl effect. An improvement is known as the adaptive extrapolation method, although the iterative extrapolation method below also improves reconstruction results. In some cases, the exact reconstruction can be found for the interior reconstruction.
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QEG flow diagram for the Einstein–Hilbert truncation. Arrows point from UV to IR scales. Dark background color indicates a region of fast flow, in regions of light background the flow is slow or even zero. The latter case includes a vicinity of the Gaussian fixed point in the origin, and the NGFP in the center of the spiralling arrows, respectively.
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The above definitions are particularly relevant in situations where truncation errors are not important. In other contexts, for instance when solving differential equations, a different definition of numerical stability is used. In numerical ordinary differential equations, various concepts of numerical stability exist, for instance A-stability. They are related to some concept of stability in the dynamical systems sense, often Lyapunov stability.
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If the disconnected gauge symmetries map the system between disconnected configurations, then there is in general a consistent truncation of a theory in which one integrates only over those connected components that are not related by large gauge transformations. In this case the large gauge transformations do not act on the system and do not cause the path integral to vanish.
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The word prom originates as a truncation of promenade. Variation exists between different dialects with regard to whether prom is used with the definite article or not—e.g., whether one says "go to the prom" or "go to prom". Promposal is a portmanteau of "prom" and "proposal", describing the (sometimes elaborate) act of asking someone to be the requester's prom date.
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The absence of Otx2 and the enhanced expression of Lhx1 can also lead to severe head truncation. It has been shown that if Otx2 is over expressed it can lead to childhood malignant brain tumors called medulloblastomas. Duplication of OTX2 is involved in the pathogenesis of Hemifacial Microsomia. In the mouse, the lack of Otx2 inhibits the development of the head.
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The dipolar coupling between two nuclei is inversely proportional to the cube of their distance. The fairly slow polarization transfer mediated by the dipolar interaction between two distant spins of the same kind, e.g. 13C, is dramatically slowed down by a strong coupling to a third such nucleus nearby. This usually undesirable effect is commonly referred to as dipolar truncation.
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Positive sites seen using m6A-CLIP and miCLIP had high percent of matches with those detected using SCARLET, which has higher local resolution around a specific site, (see below), implicating m6A-CLIP and miCLIP has high spatial resolution and low false discovery rate. miCLIP has been used to detect m6Am by looking at crosslinking-induced truncation sites at the 5’UTR.
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This group became renowned for their involvement in revolutionary politics. However the Gymnosophists and the L'Avenir lodges remained with Berjeau. In 1860 the number of degrees was reduced to 33 in France, The other bodies of the Rite did not agree to this truncation of the degrees, and by 1866 Berjeau dissolved them (in France), most of the Gymnosophists joining the Philadelphes.Prescott, p.
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Founded in 1991, Sybrin shifted its operational headquarters to Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002. In 2003, Sybrin obtained the contract for the implementation of the first cheque truncation system in Africa, the third in the world, which was implemented in Malawi. In 2005, Sybrin opened a support office in Kenya.(4 April 2014). Kenya’s Financial Service Industry to Introduce Paperless Transactions.
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Points are calculated to three decimal places, and truncation is applied; the numbers are not rounded. The skater who has the fewest points wins the competition. This system is called samalog. An allround champion may not have won a single distance—such as Viktor Kosichkin in the 1962 World Championship—or he may win three distances but lose the overall title.
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The División Mayor del Fútbol Profesional Colombiano (Major Division of Colombian Professional Football), also known by the truncation DIMAYOR, is an organization responsible for organizing and operating professional football leagues and tournaments in Colombia. It administers the top two levels of professional football leagues in Colombia, the Primera A and the Primera B, as well as the Colombian Superliga and Copa Colombia, Colombia's domestic football cup.
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The fasciole is only indicated by the even truncation of the ribs. The surface is smooth, so that a few microscopic growth scratches are only just perceptible. The ribs are prominent, short, oblique, wave-shaped, spaced about twelve to a whorl. Just behind the aperture the ribbing becomes irregular, the place of a final rib being taken by three small riblets -which coalesce above.
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Fig 1. types of post hole In archaeology a posthole or post-hole is a cut feature used to hold a surface timber or stone. They are usually much deeper than they are wide although truncation may not make this apparent. Although the remains of the timber may survive most postholes are mainly recognisable as circular patches of darker earth when viewed in plan.
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Follistatin is part of the inhibin-activin-follistatin axis. Currently there are three reported isoforms, FS-288, FS-300, and FS-315. Two, FS-288 and FS-315, are known to be created by alternative splicing of the primary mRNA transcript. FS-300 (porcine follistatin) is thought to be the product of posttranslational modification via truncation of the C-terminal domain from the primary amino-acid chain.
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Evidence for this model is given by the observation that in T cells, phosphatases CD45 and CD148 segregate from the T-cell receptor upon ligand binding. It was also shown that truncation of phosphatase ectodomains as well as the elongation of ligand ectodomains reduces the segregation and inhibits NTR triggering. Similar findings have been reported for NK cell receptors, CD28 family receptors, Dectin-1.
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Mutations in the ATM gene are responsible for Ataxia telangiecstasia. These mutations are generally single base pair substitutions, deletions, or micro- insertions. A 4-nucleotide deletion within intron 20 of the ATM gene disrupts an exonic splicing silencer and causes the inclusion of a 65-nucleotide cryptic exon in the mature transcript. The inclusion of the cryptic exon results in protein truncation and atypical splicing patterns.
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Lott replicated the NRC's results using the NRC's copy of the Ayres & Donohue model and data set, pointing out that the model used for the ALER article was different and introduced a truncation bias.Carlisle E. Moody, John R. Lott Jr., Thomas B. Marvell and Paul R. Zimmerman, "Trust But Verify: Lessons for the Empirical Evaluation of Law and Policy", SSRN Working Paper Series, 25 Jan 2012.
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In geometry, the truncated square tiling is a semiregular tiling by regular polygons of the Euclidean plane with one square and two octagons on each vertex. This is the only edge-to-edge tiling by regular convex polygons which contains an octagon. It has Schläfli symbol of t{4,4}. Conway calls it a truncated quadrille, constructed as a truncation operation applied to a square tiling (quadrille).
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The name of designer W. Wyon is inscribed on the truncation of the Queen's neck. ;Reverse The reverse shows a crouching lion on a plinth in front of a protea bush with a single flower. The medal is inscribed "SOUTH AFRICA" around the top perimeter and has the year "1853" in the exergue. The name of engraver L.C. Wyon is inscribed at the bottom, below the year.
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Retrieved 28 September 2011. The name is traditionally taken to be a transcription of the Sanskrit Bhoṭa-anta (, "end of Tibet"), in reference to Bhutan's position as the southern extremity of the Tibetan plateau and culture. "Bhutan" may have been truncated from this or been taken from the Nepali name Bhutān (भूटान). It may also come from a truncation of Bodo Hathan ("Tibetan place").
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In linguistics, clipping is the word formation process which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts (Marchand: 1969). Clipping is also known as "truncation" or "shortening". According to Marchand (1969), clippings are not coined as words belonging to the standard vocabulary of a language. They originate as terms of a special group like schools, army, police, the medical profession, etc.
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Recently many methods for transposon based random mutagenesis have been reported. This methods include, but are not limited to the following: PERMUTE-random circular permutation, random protein truncation, random nucleotide triplet substitution, random domain/tag/multiple amino acid insertion, codon scanning mutagenesis, and multicodon scanning mutagenesis. These aforementioned techniques all require the design of mini-Mu transposons. Thermo scientific manufactures kits for the design of these transposons.
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This means that, in this case, the local truncation error is proportional to the step sizes. The quality and duration of simulated FDM solution depends on the discretization equation selection and the step sizes (time and space steps). The data quality and simulation duration increase significantly with smaller step size. Therefore, a reasonable balance between data quality and simulation duration is necessary for practical usage.
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The most commonly used grid truncation techniques for open-region FDTD modeling problems are the Mur absorbing boundary condition (ABC), the Liao ABC, and various perfectly matched layer (PML) formulations. The Mur and Liao techniques are simpler than PML. However, PML (which is technically an absorbing region rather than a boundary condition per se) can provide orders-of-magnitude lower reflections. The PML concept was introduced by J.-P.
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Voice broadcast systems manage a database of phone lists as well as digitally recorded phone messages. Using telephony components, these computers can simultaneously broadcast thousands of phone messages. Personalized information can be included in the phone messages through the integration of text-to- speech software. Advanced systems include telephony boards with answering- machine detection, and the logic to properly play a unique message to answering machines without message truncation.
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"Memphremagog" comes from the Abenaki word mamhlawbagak, which means "large expanse of water" or "vast lake." "Magog" is believed to be a truncation of the lake's name. However, it could also come from namagok and namagwôttik, which means "the lake where there is brook trout." Others have theorised that the name has Biblical origins in Gog and Magog, or that it refers to an ancient city by the same name.
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This leaves one or two amino acids at the RNA cross-link site. The RNA is then reverse transcribed using barcoded primers. Because reverse transcription stops prematurely at the cross-link site, iCLIP allows RNA-protein interaction sites to be identified at high resolution. As a novel modification of iCLIP, m6A-CLIP further took advantage of the m6A-induced truncation sites (MITS) to precisely map m6A sites in mRNAs.
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As a member of the Assembly Committee on Corporations, Authorities and Commissions, which oversees the MTA, transportation has been principle policy issue for Goldfeder. One of his major initiatives is the reactivation of the Rockaway Beach Rail Line.Colangelo, Lisa. (February 10, 2012). The Rockaway Beach Rail Line was operated by the Long Island Rail Road until a track fire, route truncation, and decreasing ridership lead to its shuttering in 1962.
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Computation errors, also called numerical errors, include both truncation errors and roundoff errors. When a sequence of calculations with an input involving roundoff error are made, errors may accumulate, sometimes dominating the calculation. In ill-conditioned problems, significant error may accumulate. In short, there are two major facets of roundoff errors involved in numerical calculations: # Digital computers have magnitude and precision limits on their ability to represent numbers.
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BTC was first proposed by Professors Mitchell and Delp at Purdue University. Another variation of BTC is Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding or AMBTC, in which instead of using the standard deviation the first absolute moment is preserved along with the mean. AMBTC is computationally simpler than BTC and also typically results in a lower Mean Squared Error (MSE). AMBTC was proposed by Maximo Lema and Robert Mitchell.
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Vitold Belevitch, in a paper entitled On the Statistical Laws of Linguistic Distribution, offers a mathematical derivation. He took a large class of well-behaved statistical distributions (not only the normal distribution) and expressed them in terms of rank. He then expanded each expression into a Taylor series. In every case Belevitch obtained the remarkable result that a first-order truncation of the series resulted in Zipf's law.
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The load and operating situation of pitch bearings are for rolling element bearings comparatively unfavorable. The bearings are exposed to high loads and small reciprocating movements created by the pitch system or vibrations from the wind profile. The small reciprocating movements between rolling elements and raceway can lead to wear phenomena like false brinelling and fretting corrosion. Furthermore, the high loads can lead to truncation of the contact ellipse.
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Special cases of isosceles trapezoids Rectangles and squares are usually considered to be special cases of isosceles trapezoids though some sources would exclude them. Another special case is a 3-equal side trapezoid, sometimes known as a trilateral trapezoidMichael de Villiers, Hierarchical Quadrilateral Tree or a trisosceles trapezoid.isosceles trapezoid They can also be seen dissected from regular polygons of 5 sides or more as a truncation of 4 sequential vertices.
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London's original ring road was initially planned to be Highbury Avenue, also known as Highway 126, which was opened in 1963. Its exit with Highway 401 is the next one west of Veterans Memorial Parkway. Local opposition resulted in Highbury Avenue's truncation at Hamilton Road. The City of London has short-term plans to extend Veterans Memorial Parkway to connect with Clarke Road near the Fanshawe Conservation Area.
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In geometry, a (plural: frusta or frustums) is the portion of a solid (normally a cone or pyramid) that lies between one or two parallel planes cutting it. A right frustum is a parallel truncation of a right pyramid or right cone.William F. Kern, James R. Bland, Solid Mensuration with proofs, 1938, p. 67 In computer graphics, the viewing frustum is the three-dimensional region which is visible on the screen.
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The word “comic” does not use the "omics" suffix; it derives from Greek “κωμ(ο)-” (merriment) + “-ικ(ο)-” (an adjectival suffix), rather than presenting a truncation of “σωμ(ατ)-”. Similarly, the word “economy” is assembled from Greek “οικ(ο)-” (household) + “νομ(ο)-” (law or custom), and “economic(s)” from “οικ(ο)-” + “νομ(ο)-” + “-ικ(ο)-”. The suffix -omics is sometimes used to create names for schools of economics, such as Reaganomics.
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The key schedule is a simple linear feedback shift register, which updates every three rounds, resulting in some weak keys (e.g., the zero key). Although the cipher is potentially invertible, the DST protocol makes use of only the encipher mode. When used in the protocol with the 40–24-bit output truncation, the resulting primitive is more aptly described as a Message Authentication Code rather than an encryption function.
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In most ALGOL-like languages, such as Pascal, Modula-2, Ada and Delphi, conversion and casting are distinctly different concepts. In these languages, conversion refers to either implicitly or explicitly changing a value from one data type storage format to another, e.g. a 16-bit integer to a 32-bit integer. The storage needs may change as a result of the conversion, including a possible loss of precision or truncation.
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In geometry, the truncated hexagonal tiling is a semiregular tiling of the Euclidean plane. There are 2 dodecagons (12-sides) and one triangle on each vertex. As the name implies this tiling is constructed by a truncation operation applies to a hexagonal tiling, leaving dodecagons in place of the original hexagons, and new triangles at the original vertex locations. It is given an extended Schläfli symbol of t{6,3}.
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M-54 was redesignated M-56. The M-78 designation was replaced by I-69 in 1973 after I-69 was extended north from Charlotte. The 1974 completion of I-196 meant the truncation of M-21 to end in Grand Rapids. At the time, M-21 was extended along Fulton Street to the East Beltline, and the business loop was truncated into a spur route redesignated BS I-196.
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The G.729.1 uses three-stage coding: embedded code-excited linear prediction (CELP) coding of the lower band, parametric coding of the higher band by Time-Domain Bandwidth Extension (TDBWE), and enhancement of the full band by a predictive transform coding algorithm called time-domain aliasing cancellation (TDAC), also known as modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) coding. Bit rate and the obtained quality are adjustable by simple bitstream truncation.
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Using the standard nomenclature for Johnson solids, an octahedron would be called a square bipyramid. Truncation of two opposite vertices results in a square bifrustum. The octahedron is 4-connected, meaning that it takes the removal of four vertices to disconnect the remaining vertices. It is one of only four 4-connected simplicial well-covered polyhedra, meaning that all of the maximal independent sets of its vertices have the same size.
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The pentagonal bifrustum is the dual polyhedron of a Johnson solid, the elongated pentagonal bipyramid. This polyhedron can be constructed by taking a pentagonal bipyramid and truncating the polar axis vertices. In Conway's notation for polyhedra, it can be represented as the polyhedron "t5dP5", meaning the truncation of the degree- five vertices of the dual of a pentagonal prism.Conway Notation for Polyhedra, George W. Hart, accessed 2014-12-20.
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In the Janislawice site Laponoidal a male grave was unearthed. It contained rich burial inventory, the whole set of items associated with the Janislawice culture, including: 21 microliths, cores, blades, an animal teeth necklace, bone and antler tools. Two more graves were discovered in the Giżycko-Perkunowo site in Masuria also with Laponoidal people. Their inventory included animal teeth necklaces, a flint retouched truncation and a trimming blade.
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It exploits the favourable properties of the central difference and upwind scheme. It switches to upwind difference scheme when central difference scheme produces inaccurate results for high Peclet numbers. It produces physically realistic solution and has proved to be helpful in the prediction of practical flows. The only disadvantage associated with hybrid difference scheme is that the accuracy in terms of Taylor series truncation error is only first order.
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With less mRNA, less is available to be translated into the WRNp protein. Mutations may also lead to the truncation (shortening) of the WRNp protein, leading to the loss of its nuclear localization signal sequence, thus it is no longer transported into the nucleus where it interacts with the DNA. This leads to a reduction in DNA repair. Furthermore, mutated proteins are more likely to be degraded than normal WRNp.
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A snub (in Coxeter's terminology) can be seen as an alternation of a truncated regular or truncated quasiregular polyhedron. In general a polyhedron can be snubbed if its truncation has only even-sided faces. All truncated rectified polyhedra can be snubbed, not just from regular polyhedra. The snub square antiprism is an example of a general snub, and can be represented by ss{2,4}, with the square antiprism, s{2,4}.
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Highway 146 was created by the Arkansas State Highway Commission between January 1, 1932 and June 1933 as a route between State Road 3 (now US 79) near Stuttgart through Crocket's Bluff to State Road 1 near St. Charles. The route was truncated at Casscoe during an extension of Highway 33 on May 9, 1956, and the segment serving Crocket's Bluff was redesignated as Highway 153.. A second segment of Highway 146 was created on June 23, 1965, designating a roadway located south of Holly Grove running east as a state highway.. This route was extended to the Phillips County line on November 23, 1966.. At the request of the Monroe County Judge, the highway was extended west to Lawrenceville on April 27, 1971, in exchange for a truncation of Highway 86 near Clarendon.. The route was extended from the Phillips County line to Highway 39 at the request of the Phillips County Judge, in exchange for a truncation of Highway 44 on May 14, 1980..
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Edward Good infers that this is what Cristofori himself wanted his instrument to be called.Good (2005) Our own word for the piano, however, is the result of a gradual truncation over time of the words shown in boldface above. The Medici inventory goes on to describe the instrument in considerable detail. The range of this (now lost) instrument was four octaves, C to c″″′, a standard (if slightly small) compass for harpsichords.
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Precincts are split further into code blocks. Code blocks are in a single sub-band and have equal sizes—except those located at the edges of the image. The encoder has to encode the bits of all quantized coefficients of a code block, starting with the most significant bits and progressing to less significant bits by a process called the EBCOT scheme. EBCOT here stands for Embedded Block Coding with Optimal Truncation.
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JTB has been found to fuse with the telomeric repeats of acceptor telomeres in a case of JT. Homo sapiens JTB (hJTB) encodes a transmembrane protein that is highly conserved among divergent eukaryotic species. JT results in a hJTB truncation, which potentially produces an hJTB product devoid of the transmembrane domain. hJTB is located in a gene-rich region at 1q21, called epidermal differentiation complex (EDC). JTB has also been implicated in prostatic carcinomas.
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With respect to the algorithm described above, the choice of m_k at each iteration can be modified. One possibility is to choose m_k = k for each iteration k (sometimes referred to as Anderson acceleration without truncation). This way, every new iteration x_{k+1} is computed using all the previously computed iterations. A more sophisticated technique is based on choosing m_k so as to maintain an small enough conditioning for the least-squares problem.
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The regular dodecahedron is topologically related to a series of tilings by vertex figure n3. The regular dodecahedron can be transformed by a truncation sequence into its dual, the icosahedron: The regular dodecahedron is a member of a sequence of otherwise non-uniform polyhedra and tilings, composed of pentagons with face configurations (V3.3.3.3.n). (For n > 6, the sequence consists of tilings of the hyperbolic plane.) These face-transitive figures have (n32) rotational symmetry.
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These two places were sites of major woollen mills – as was the town of Milton to the south, where name may originally have been Milltown. Whether there is any connection between the location of the mills and name truncation, or whether it is a mere coincidence, is unknown. Mosgiel stands at the north-eastern extremity of the Taieri Plains. The Silver Stream, a tributary of the Taieri River, runs through its north end.
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Some SELEX reactions can generate probes that are dependent on primer binding regions for secondary structure formation. There are aptamer applications for which a short sequence, and thus primer truncation, is desirable. An advancement on the original method allows an RNA library to omit the constant primer regions, which can be difficult to remove after the selection process because they stabilize secondary structures that are unstable when formed by the random region alone.
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The double ribbon is an allusion by Longacre to the denomination of the piece he was designing. The design is a variant on the Great Seal of the United States; the eagle protects a shield, which represents the nation, and holds an olive branch and arrows. Above the bird, Longacre again placed thirteen stars, arranged as a halo, together with an arc of rays. Longacre's initials, JBL, appear on the truncation of the head.
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The TMEM251 gene is located on human chromosome 14, at 14q32.12, on the plus strand. The gene size is 1,277 base pairs. It contains 3 distinct introns, and transcription produces six different mRNAs that appear to differ by truncation of the 3' end. There are 2 transcript variants that encode for the TMEM251 protein, with the longer one being 169 base pairs in length, and the shorter one being 131 base pairs in length.
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The Gaussian function is for x \in (-\infty,\infty) and would theoretically require an infinite window length. However, since it decays rapidly, it is often reasonable to truncate the filter window and implement the filter directly for narrow windows, in effect by using a simple rectangular window function. In other cases, the truncation may introduce significant errors. Better results can be achieved by instead using a different window function; see scale space implementation for details.
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In iterative reconstruction in digital imaging, interior reconstruction (also known as limited field of view (LFV) reconstruction) is a technique to correct truncation artifacts caused by limiting image data to a small field of view. The reconstruction focuses on an area known as the region of interest (ROI). Although interior reconstruction can be applied to dental or cardiac CT images, the concept is not limited to CT. It is applied with one of several methods.
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Rounding can adversely affect a string search for a number. For example, rounded to four digits is "3.1416" but a simple search for this string will not discover "3.14159" or any other value of rounded to more than four digits. In contrast, truncation does not suffer from this problem; for example, a simple string search for "3.1415", which is truncated to four digits, will discover values of truncated to more than four digits.
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The station is located at 2700 North US Highway 89 (US-89) and can be easily accessed from either 2700 North or US-89. There are about 300 parking spaces in its free Park and Ride lot. The station is located within the Quiet Zone, so trains do not routinely sound their horns when approaching public crossings within this corridor. Prior to truncation, the FrontRunner provided limited service to and from Pleasant View Station.
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Variants of the ELAC2 gene are associated with prostate cancer, hereditary 2 (HPC2), a condition associated with familial cancer of the prostate. Multiple mutations including truncation and missense mutations are known to cause the disease from multiple families based on linkage analysis and positional cloning. In addition, mutations in ELAC2 are known to cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 17 (COXPD17), a rare autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial functions characterized by severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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The star forming disk in NGC 4689 has been truncated which means that the amount of star formation has been reduced significantly. This truncation may have been caused by an interaction with intracluster medium of the Virgo Cluster causing the galaxy to lose much of its interstellar medium in an effect known as ram-pressure stripping. Due to its reduced amount of star formation, NGC 4689 has been classified as an Anemic galaxy.
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The exon 8 deletion destructs the middle region tropomyosin-binding site 1. The L203 truncation deletes the binding sites for TnI and TnC but preserves both tropomyosin-binding sites 1 and 2. It remains to be invistigated whether this novel mutation is able to bind the actin- tropomyosin thin filament in vivo and how it causes recessive nemaline myopathy. Alternative splicing of exon 5 produces high and low molecular weight splice forms of ssTnT.
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Truncation is similar to but distinct from the concept of statistical censoring. A truncated sample can be thought of as being equivalent to an underlying sample with all values outside the bounds entirely omitted, with not even a count of those omitted being kept. With statistical censoring, a note would be recorded documenting which bound (upper or lower) had been exceeded and the value of that bound. With truncated sampling, no note is recorded.
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The standard SSB envelope peaks are due to truncation of the spectrum and nonlinear phase distortion from the approximation errors of the practical implementation of the required Hilbert transform. It was recently shown that suitable overshoot compensation (so-called controlled-envelope SSB, or CESSB) achieves about 3.8 dB of peak reduction for speech transmission. This results in an effective average power increase of about 140%. by David L. Hershberger, W9GR, QEX, issue Nov./Dec.
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In order to place a sound at a certain position in 3D space, the set of FIR filters that correspond to the position is applied to the incoming sound, yielding spatial sound. The computations involved in convolving the sound signal from a particular point in space is fairly large. So a lot of work is done to reduce the complexity. One such work is based on combining grouped Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Balanced Model Truncation (BMT).
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The name truncated dodecadodecahedron is somewhat misleading: truncation of the dodecadodecahedron would produce rectangular faces rather than squares, and the pentagram faces of the dodecahedron would turn into truncated pentagrams rather than decagrams. However, it is the quasitruncation of the dodecadodecahedron, as defined by .. See especially the description as a quasitruncation on p. 411 and the photograph of a model of its skeleton in Fig. 114, Plate IV. For this reason, it is also known as the quasitruncated dodecadodecahedron.
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Validated numerics, or rigorous computation, verified computation, reliable computation, numerical verification () is numerics including mathematically strict error (rounding error, truncation error, discretization error) evaluation, and it is one field of numerical analysis. For computation, interval arithmetic is used, and all results are represented by intervals. Validated numerics were used by Warwick Tucker in order to solve the 14th of Smale's problems, and today it is recognized as a powerful tool for the study of dynamical systems.
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The resulting times have been measured in seconds and then converted to points, using the average times on 100 meter units; thus the number of points for a 300 meters race is the time in seconds divided by three; for the 500 meters, the time in seconds is divided by five. Points are calculated to three decimal places and truncation is applied; the numbers are not rounded. All points are added up; the lower the score the better.
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Dvořák was inspired to write the concerto after meeting Joseph Joachim in 1878, and composed the work with the intention of dedicating it to him. However, when he finished the concerto in 1879, Joachim became skeptical about it. Joachim was a strict classicist and objected, inter alia, to Dvořák's abrupt truncation of the first movement's orchestral tutti. Joachim also didn't like the fact that the recapitulation was cut short and that it led directly to the slow second movement.
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X. Zhu, X. Wu, Class Noise vs. Attribute Noise: A Quantitative Study, Artificial Intelligence Review 22 (2004) 177-210 doi: 10.1007/s10462-004-0751-8 Improper Filtering can add noise, if the filtered signal is treated as if it were a directly measured signal. As an example, Convolution-type digital filters such a moving average can have side effects such as lags or truncation of peaks. Differentiating digital filters amplify random noise in the original data.
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The freeway was completed in the late 1980s to connect I-270 to the Shady Grove Metro station. I-370 was always part of the planned Intercounty Connector, but was the only segment to be built at the time. The opening of MD 200 east of I-370 resulted in the truncation of I-370 to the interchange with MD 200 and the re- designation of the road leading into the Shady Grove Metro station as MD 200A.
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Examples for suspension type Suspended terms are those of which only the first part is written, and the last part is substituted by a mark, which can be of two types: ; General: indicating there has been an abbreviation but not how. The marks are placed above or across the ascender of the letters. :300px : The final three of the series are knot-like and are used in papal or regal documents. ; Specific: indicating that a truncation has occurred.
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The BASIC keywords built into the ECS, discussed at length in the manual, are a maximum of four characters long. Some ECS BASIC keywords are simply a truncation or abbreviation of the standard BASIC terms, e.g. "print" becomes PRIN, "input" becomes INPU, and "gosub" becomes GSUB. The ECS will display help menus covering its commands: type MENU 0 for monitor commands, MENU 1 for BASIC keywords, MENU 2 for BASIC functions, and MENU 3 for BASIC routines.
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The City View Hotel is a two-storey brick building, believed to have been completed in 1908. The architect was George Brockwell Gill. The site was a difficult triangular one adjoining a deep railway cutting excavated in 1875. Gill produced a skilful solution to the problem, locating an octagonal two-storey "tower" or bay on the apex to disguise the sharp truncation of the building, while the front facade presents as a traditional two-storey verandahed hotel.
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This is because the ground behind the stand is residential, and can not be built on. However, the gap is not as large as a similar truncation at Fir Park, for example, and is filled by flags. Disabled supporters are accommodated in an enclosures at the front of both end stands. While celebrating a late goal in a game played in August 2019, some Rangers fans caused the roof of one of these enclosures to collapse.
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A goods yard south of Chessington South was used as a coal concentration depot from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1980s. The goods yard and the of trackbed towards Malden Rushett are overgrown by trees. Two platforms were built at Chessington South but as a result of the truncation, only one platform has ever been in public use. It was originally intended to name Chessington North station Chessington Court and Chessington South station Chessington Grange.
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With the Blue Line's truncation, all Green Line trolleys now serve the former portion of the Blue Line from Old Town to this station and points eastward. (A system redesign on September 2, 2012, truncated the Blue Line's terminus farther to the America Plaza station and extended the Green Line's terminus from Old Town to 12th & Imperial Transit Center.) The launch pads that Blue Line trains once used are still visible on the westbound track of the station.
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Although modern NY 258 is nothing more than a simple east–west connector between NY 36 and NY 63, it originally extended westward past NY 36 to NY 408 in the town of Mount Morris when it was first assigned in the early 1930s. By 1983, maintenance of all of NY 258 west of NY 36 had been transferred to Livingston County, leading to the truncation of the route to NY 36 in the mid-1990s.
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PA 345 was designated by 1973 to run from PA 82 in Loag north to PA 724 in Birdsboro. PA 345 was extended north to US 422 in Baumstown in 2008, heading west concurrent with PA 724 and replacing PA 82 between Birdsboro and Baumstown. This extension was concurrent with the truncation of the northern terminus of PA 82 from US 422 to PA 23 in Elverson due to washed out bridges along PA 82 south of Birdsboro.
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The condition is caused by WAC mutations that result in a loss of function via either mRNA decay or protein truncation. Most cases of DESSH syndrome are not inherited and affected people typically have no history of the disorder in their family. The genetic changes in the WAC gene occur as random events during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) or in early embryonic development. There are 2-3 familial recurrences due to a presumed germline mosaicism.
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This hides the card number from anyone who obtains the receipt when discarded, or by other means, while still allowing a card holder with multiple cards to identify which was used, and thus accurately record the transaction. PAN truncation is a measure to combat credit card fraud (and debit card fraud), which is increasing worldwide, particularly in a global market where card not present (CNP) transactions are increasingly popular over the Internet, by mail, and by telephone.
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This oncogenic v-Src is a product of the Rous sarcoma virus and as a result of an carboxy-terminal truncation, v-Src lacks the negative regulatory site Tyr-527 leading this enzyme to be constitutively active that in turn causes uncontrolled growth of infected cells. Moreover, substitution of this tyrosine with phenylalanine in c-Src results in activation. A second regulatory phosphorylation site in Src is Tyr-416. This is an autophosphorylation site in the activation loop.
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The presence/absence of homologs (or their effective count) can thus be used by programs to reconstruct the most likely evolutionary scenario along the species tree. Just as with reconciliation methods, this can be achieved through parsimonious or probabilistic estimation of the number of gain and loss events. Models can be complexified by adding processes, like the truncation of genes, but also by modelling the heterogeneity of rates of gain and loss across lineages and/or gene families.
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This has been used, for example, to study the formation of lipid bilayers and their interaction with membrane proteins. X-ray scattering and spectroscopy techniques are also used to characterize surfaces and interfaces. While some of these measurements can be performed using laboratory X-ray sources, many require the high intensity and energy tunability of synchrotron radiation. X-ray crystal truncation rods (CTR) and X-ray standing wave (XSW) measurements probe changes in surface and adsorbate structures with sub- Ångström resolution.
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Sample truncation is a pervasive issue in quantitative social sciences when using observational data, and consequently the development of suitable estimation techniques has long been of interest in econometrics and related disciplines. In the 1970s, James Heckman noted the similarity between truncated and otherwise non-randomly selected samples, and developed the Heckman correction. Estimation of truncated regression models is usually done via parametric maximum likelihood method. More recently, various semi- parametric and non-parametric generalisation were proposed in the literature, e.g.
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Consistency is a necessary condition for convergence, but not sufficient; for a method to be convergent, it must be both consistent and zero-stable. A related concept is the global (truncation) error, the error sustained in all the steps one needs to reach a fixed time t. Explicitly, the global error at time t is yN − y(t) where N = (t−t0)/h. The global error of a pth order one-step method is O(hp); in particular, such a method is convergent.
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They all had auto-exposure and capabilities for handling bad pixels, and the image parameters (exposure time, compression used, etc.) were included in the transmitted images as part of the image header. The rover could compress the front cameras' images using the block truncation coding (BTC) algorithm, but it could only do the same for the back camera's images if the colour information was discarded. The cameras' optical resolution was sufficient to resolve 0.6 cm details across a 0.65 m range.
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The word Zaire is from a Portuguese adaptation of a Kikongo word nzere ("river"), a truncation of nzadi o nzere ("river swallowing rivers").Forbath, Peter. The River Congo (1977), p. 19. The river was known as Zaire during the 16th and 17th centuries; Congo seems to have replaced Zaire gradually in English usage during the 18th century, and Congo is the preferred English name in 19th-century literature, although references to Zaire as the name used by the natives (i.e.
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Fishing generally selectively removes the older and faster-growing portion of the population. If there is a distinct evolutionary advantage of retaining the oldest fish in the population, either because of higher fecundity or because of different spawning times, age-truncation could be ruinous to a population with highly episodic recruitment like rockfish (Longhurst 2002). Recent work on black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) has shown that larval survival may be dramatically higher from older female spawners (Berkeley et al. 2004, Bobko and Berkeley 2004).
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If instead of a single pointer spun multiple times, there are multiple, equally spaced pointers on a wheel that is spun once, it is called stochastic universal sampling. Repeatedly selecting the best individual of a randomly chosen subset is tournament selection. Taking the best half, third or another proportion of the individuals is truncation selection. There are other selection algorithms that do not consider all individuals for selection, but only those with a fitness value that is higher than a given (arbitrary) constant.
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If even less accuracy suffices, the following examples can be used: :How I wish I could recollect pi easily today! :May I have a large container of coffee, cream and sugar? This second one gives the value of π as 3.1415926535, while the first only brings it to the second five. Indeed, many published poems use truncation instead of one of the several roundings, thereby producing a less-accurate result when the first omitted digit is greater than or equal to five.
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Migeon set up her own laboratory in the Children's Medical Centre in 1965, and was made a full Professor in 1979. During her extensive investigations into human genetics, Migeon even investigated her own chromosome, using herself as a control in her experimental investigations. She realized that her own chromosome 13 had a telomere truncation, and became aware of the likelihood of familial benign variations. Migeon was inspired by Mary F. Lyon, and began to study G6PD markers and X-inactivation.
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With the advent of cheque truncation, it has become common to "capture" images of the checks and associated documentation (payment coupons, for example) into a digital format for use in computer systems (i.e., TIFF, JPEG or PDF files). These files can then undergo OCR and data validation when character confidence is low and then further specialized processing may take place. Banks often use specialized mail processing and document scanner equipment that can scan hundreds, or thousands, of checks per minute.
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Composition of a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based resin. Recently, an efficient stepwise solid-phase synthesis of RANTES (24-91) was published. RANTES is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T Cells.Cocchi F. et al., Science 270:1811-1815, 1995 The serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) induces a NH2-terminal truncation from RANTES (1-91) to RANTES(24-91), which inhibits the infection of monocytes by an M-tropic HIV-1 strainProost P. et al.
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An opposite phenomenon is instability. Typically, an algorithm involves an approximative method, and in some cases one could prove that the algorithm would approach the right solution in some limit (when using actual real numbers, not floating point numbers). Even in this case, there is no guarantee that it would converge to the correct solution, because the floating-point round-off or truncation errors can be magnified, instead of damped, causing the deviation from the exact solution to grow exponentially.
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Ibrahim was a senator during the Third Nigerian Republic. After the truncation of the republic, he went back to his private life. However, he belonged to some organizations that were opposed to the self succession bid of Sani Abacha. During the Fourth Nigerian republic, Ibrahim was chairman of the Katsina branch of the People's Democratic Party (PDP) for some months. He resigned from this position at the 2002 National Convention of the party after unsubstantiated allegations were made against him.
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Mice genetically engineered to lack a functional Fgfr1 gene (ortholog of the human FGFR1 gene) die in utero before 10.5 days of gestation. Embryos exhibit extensive deficiencies in the development and organization of mesoderm-derived tissues and the musculoskeletal system. The Fgfr1 gene appears critical for the truncation of embryonic structures and formation of muscle and bone tissues and thereby the normal formation of limbs, skull, outer, middle, and inner ear, neural tube, tail, and lower spine as well as normal hearing.
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It became the DES after the National Security Agency reduced the cipher's key size to 56 bits, reduced the block size to 64 bits, and made the cipher resistant against differential cryptanalysis, which was at the time known only to IBM and the NSA. The name "Lucifer" was apparently a pun on "Demon". This was in turn a truncation of "Demonstration", the name for a privacy system Feistel was working on. The operating system used could not handle the longer name..
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Error detection and correction codes are often used to improve the reliability of data storage media. A "parity track" was present on the first magnetic tape data storage in 1951. The "Optimal Rectangular Code" used in group coded recording tapes not only detects but also corrects single-bit errors. Some file formats, particularly archive formats, include a checksum (most often CRC32) to detect corruption and truncation and can employ redundancy and/or parity files to recover portions of corrupted data.
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Downsview (renamed Sheppard West in May 2017) had been built in 1996, ostensibly with the intention of being the western terminus of the Sheppard Line prior to the latter's truncation. The Sheppard line cost just under C$1billion and took eight years to build. It is the first subway line in Canada that had plain tunnel sections built entirely by tunnel boring machine. The Sheppard line is the only subway line in Toronto that does not have any open sections.
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According to the DPX Interface Guide, DPX contains interfaces to the following software and database management systems: DB2, Lotus Notes, Microsoft Exchange, Novell Groupwise, Micro Focus Open Enterprise Services (OES), Oracle, SAP, SharePoint, SQL-BackTrack, SQL Server, and Sybase. For Oracle, DPX provides cloning capabilities. For Microsoft Exchange, SQL Server, and Oracle, DPX provides read/write access to recovery points. SQL log truncation, Rollback in time, point in time recovery for SQL, granular recovery of Exchange, SharePoint and SQL is available.
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The order of magnitude of a number is, intuitively speaking, the number of powers of 10 contained in the number. More precisely, the order of magnitude of a number can be defined in terms of the common logarithm, usually as the integer part of the logarithm, obtained by truncation. For example, the number has a logarithm (in base 10) of 6.602; its order of magnitude is 6. When truncating, a number of this order of magnitude is between 106 and 107.
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Since its truncation at the I-75 interchange, however, the northernmost segment of the US 31 freeway ends near Ludington. In Alabama, US 31 follows portions of the Pulaski Pike beginning at the Alabama–Tennessee State line at Ardmore, and was originally routed on what is now called Alabama State Route 251 (SR-251). It follows roughly along the Decatur Stage Road to the site of Rhodes Ferry in Decatur, and also intersected and follows portions of the Stouts Road to Birmingham.
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In 1916, the Commission widened the road to of gravel. Fifteen years later, the Commission paved the roadway with asphalt from Tiorati Circle to the junction with NY 210 (designated the prior year, now CR-106). In 1953, construction of the Palisades Interstate Parkway caused the road to be truncated in a local section called Pingyp. The final truncation to Tiorati Brook Road occurred in 1971 with construction of the Lake Welch Parkway (originally Lake Welch Drive), which ate a long section.
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NY 10 and NY 28 were assigned in 1924, while the others were assigned in 1930. NY 365 once passed through the county; however, it was truncated southwestward to end in Oneida County in the late 1950s. Additionally, NY 10 extended north along modern NY 30 to the Canada–US border until , when it was replaced with NY 30 north of Speculator. Since the truncation of NY 10, there have not been any substantial changes to roads in Hamilton County.
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For example, the finite element method or finite difference method may be used to approximate the solution of a partial differential equation (which introduces numerical errors). Other examples are numerical integration and infinite sum truncation that are necessary approximations in numerical implementation. ; Experimental uncertainty: Also known as observation error, this comes from the variability of experimental measurements. The experimental uncertainty is inevitable and can be noticed by repeating a measurement for many times using exactly the same settings for all inputs/variables.
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U.S. Route 395 (US 395) is a United States Numbered Highway, stretching from Hesperia, California to the Canadian border in Laurier, Washington. The California portion of US 395 is a route which traverses from Interstate 15 in Hesperia, north to the Oregon state line in Modoc County near Goose Lake. The route clips into Nevada, serving the cities Carson City and Reno, before returning to California. Prior to truncation, US 395 served the metropolitan areas of San Diego, Riverside, and San Bernardino.
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King George VI version The King George VI version appeared after he succeeded to the throne on 11 December 1936. The medal also has a raised rim and shows the King bareheaded and facing left. The medal is inscribed "GEORGIVS VI D: G: BR: OMN: REX F: D: IND: IMP." around the perimeter. The initials "HP" below the truncation of the King's neck are those of the designer of the obverse of the medal, Thomas Humphrey Paget, an English medal and coin designer.
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The section from Chester center to Springfield center remained a town-maintained road until being transferred to the state in 1941. VT 11 was extended south from Manchester Center to the New York state line west of Arlington by 1938, replacing VT 123. The portion of VT 11 between the state line and Arlington was co-designated as VT 313 from New York to Arlington by 1940, leading to the truncation of VT 11 back to Manchester Center between 1947 and 1952.
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The cantitruncated tesseract is constructed by the cantitruncation of the tesseract. Cantitruncation is often thought of as rectification followed by truncation. However, the result of this construction would be a polytope which, while its structure would be very similar to that given by cantitruncation, not all of its faces would be uniform. Alternatively, a uniform cantitruncated tesseract may be constructed by placing 8 uniform truncated cuboctahedra in the hyperplanes of a tesseract's cells, displaced along the coordinate axes such that their octagonal faces coincide.
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Around the same time, NY 98 was realigned to use East Arcade Road between Arcade and NY 78 in Java. NY 77 was reextended southward to Java Center in the late 1950s and along modern NY 98 to the junction of Cattaraugus and East Arcade Roads (the latter then part of NY 98) near Arcade . NY 98 was realigned in the early 1960s to follow NY 77 between Arcade and Java Center, resulting in the truncation of NY 77 back to Java Center once again.
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Although Latin did not use diacritical signs, signs of truncation of words, often placed above the truncated word or at the end of it, were very common. Furthermore, abbreviations or smaller overlapping letters were often used. This was due to the fact that if the text was engraved on the stone, the number of letters to be written was reduced, while if it was written on paper or parchment, it was spared the space, which was very precious. This habit continued even in the Middle Ages.
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Since side lobes of the Airy disk are responsible for degrading the image, techniques for suppressing them are utilized. In case the imaging beam has Gaussian distribution, when the truncation ratio (the ratio of the diameter of the Gaussian beam to the diameter of the truncating aperture) is set to 1, the side-lobes become negligible and the beam profile becomes purely Gaussian. The measured beam profile of such imaging system is shown and compared to the modeled beam profile in the Figure on the right.
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The > strongest natures retain the type, the weaker ones help to advance it. > Something similar also happens in the individual. There is rarely a > degeneration, a truncation, or even a vice or any physical or moral loss > without an advantage somewhere else. In a warlike and restless clan, for > example, the sicklier man may have occasion to be alone, and may therefore > become quieter and wiser; the one-eyed man will have one eye the stronger; > the blind man will see deeper inwardly, and certainly hear better.
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Block Truncation Coding (BTC) is a type of lossy image compression technique for greyscale images. It divides the original images into blocks and then uses a quantizer to reduce the number of grey levels in each block whilst maintaining the same mean and standard deviation. It is an early predecessor of the popular hardware DXTC technique, although BTC compression method was first adapted to color long before DXTC using a very similar approach called Color Cell Compression. BTC has also been adapted to video compression.
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New genes arise from several different genetic mechanisms including gene duplication, de novo origination, retrotransposition, chimeric gene formation, recruitment of non-coding sequence, and gene truncation. Gene duplication initially leads to redundancy. However, duplicated gene sequences can mutate to develop new functions or specialize so that the new gene performs a subset of the original ancestral functions. In addition to duplicating whole genes, sometimes only a domain or part of a protein is duplicated so that the resulting gene is an elongated version of the parental gene.
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In 2006, scientists demonstrated the successful use of telomere truncation in maize plants to produce minichromosomes that could be utilized as a platform for inserting genes into the plant genome. In plants, the telomere sequence is conserved, which implies that this strategy can be utilized to successfully construct additional minichromosomes in other plant species. In 2007, scientists reported success in assembling minichromosomes in vitro using the de novo method. The use of minichromosomes as a means for generating more desirable crop traits is actively being explored.
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The DOPEY2 gene is located on human chromosome 21, at chromosome band 21q22.12. This band is located in open reading frame 5, hence the alias C21orf5. DOPEY2 gene is composed of 137,493 bases making up 37 exons and 39 distinct gt-ag introns, all located between CBR3 and KIAA0136 genes. Transcription produces 10 unique mRNAs, 8 alternatively spliced variants, and 2 unspliced forms. These unique mRNAs differ by varying truncation of the 3’ and 5’ ends, as well as the presence of 3 cassette exons.
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Each numeric data type has its maximum and minimum value known as the range. Attempting to store a number outside the range may lead to compiler/runtime errors, or to incorrect calculations (due to truncation) depending on the language being used. The range of a variable is based on the number of bytes used to save the value, and an integer data type is usually able to store 2n values (where n is the number of bits that contribute to the value). For other data types (e.g.
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NY 77 was reextended to the vicinity of Arcade , following the modern routing of NY 98 between Arcade and Java Center. NY 98 was realigned in the early 1960s to follow NY 77 between Arcade and Java Center, resulting in the truncation of NY 77 to Java Center. When the Lake Ontario State Parkway was constructed in the 1970s, NY 98 was extended north along NY 18 and Point Breeze Road to meet the parkway at a new interchange near the Carlton hamlet of The Bridges.
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The LRRN3 is located on human chromosome 7, at 7q31.1. It contains 6 distinct gt-ag introns, and transcription produces five different mRNAs that appear to differ by truncation of the 3' end. There are only three main transcript variants that actually encode for the LRRN3 protein, with the longest transcript variant being 3744 base pairs in length. All three of these transcript variants have differing lengths and number of exons, but they all have the exon that includes the entire coding sequence for the LRRN3 protein.
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The route exited Theresa on LaFargeville Road, and NY 26 used a short overlap with NY 37 to rejoin its pre-1970s alignment at Wilson Road. At this point, the route continued to Alexandria Bay as it had prior to the 1970s truncation. The former routing of NY 26 between Fort Drum and Theresa via Antwerp (and thus the former alignment of NY 283 between Antwerp and Theresa) became CR 194 while the former part of NY 26 and NY 283 west of Theresa became CR 193.
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The realignment created a overlap between NY 9A and NY 100 from Hawthorne to Briarcliff Manor and resulted in the truncation of NY 141 back to its previous terminus in Hawthorne. 1974 photo of the collapsed section of the West Side Elevated Highway at 14th Street Construction on the Croton Expressway, the only piece of the failed Hudson River Expressway project that was ever built, began in the mid-1960s. It became part of a realigned US 9 when it was completed by 1967.
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Some languages, such as PHP, provide functions that round a value to a specified number of decimal digits, e.g. from 4321.5678 to 4321.57 or 4300. In addition, many languages provide a printf or similar string formatting function, which allows one to convert a fractional number to a string, rounded to a user-specified number of decimal places (the precision). On the other hand, truncation (round to zero) is still the default rounding method used by many languages, especially for the division of two integer values.
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By Euler's formula the numbers of faces F, of vertices V, and of edges E of any convex polyhedron are related by the formula F + V = E + 2\. In the case of a cuboid this gives 6 + 8 = 12 + 2; that is, like a cube, a cuboid has 6 faces, 8 vertices, and 12 edges. Along with the rectangular cuboids, any parallelepiped is a cuboid of this type, as is a square frustum (the shape formed by truncation of the apex of a square pyramid).
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Usually the values that insurance adjusters receive are either left-truncated, right-censored, or both. For example, if policyholders are subject to a policy limit u, then any loss amounts that are actually above u are reported to the insurance company as being exactly u because u is the amount the insurance company pays. The insurer knows that the actual loss is greater than u but they don't know what it is. On the other hand, left truncation occurs when policyholders are subject to a deductible.
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It has been one of the major obstacles in efficient extraction of internuclear distances, which are crucial in the structural analysis of biomolecular structure. By means of isotope labeling schemes or radio-frequency pulse sequences, however, it has become possible to circumvent this problem in a number of ways. Another way of circumventing dipolar truncation is to study rare nuclei like 13C at their low natural isotopic abundance utilising DNP-assisted MAS NMR, where the probability of an interfering third spin nearby is almost 100 times lower.
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Skipantism Revisited: Along with Neologisms and Terminological Truncation. In Chin, Chi-on Andy and Kwok, Bit-chee and Tsou, Benjamin K., (eds.), Commemorative Essays for Professor Yuen-Ren Chao: Father of Modern Chinese Linguistics. Taiwan: Crane Publishing. pp. 343-357. Moreover, LIVAC has allowed longitudinal developments to be taken into account, facilitating Key Word in Context (KWIC) and comprehensive study of target words and their underlying concepts as well as linguistic structures over the past 20 years, based on variables such as region, duration and content.
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Plurality is failed when margins is used. Minimax using pairwise opposition also fails Plurality. When truncation is permitted under Borda count, Plurality is satisfied when no points are scored to truncated candidates, and ranked candidates receive no fewer votes than if the truncated candidates had been ranked. If truncated candidates are instead scored the average number of points that would have been awarded to those candidates had they been strictly ranked, or if Nauru's modified Borda count is used, the Plurality criterion is failed.
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The juvenile portion of an ascocerid consists typically of a narrow, circular cyrtocone that underwent periodic truncation. Cumulative length, including broken off segments, may have reached about in the largest individuals. The siphuncle is located half way between the shell axis and the venter, is thin walled and tubular with short, orthochoanitic septal necks and segments that are only slightly inflated. The juvenile portion is known as the deciduous conch, as it is shed in a similar manner to deciduous trees losing their leaves.
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Accurate computation of C in multidimensional cases becomes challenging, as precision of standard floating point numbers available in computer programming languages no longer remain sufficient. The insufficient precision causes the floating point truncation errors to become comparable to the magnitudes of some C elements, which, in turn, severely degrades its accuracy and renders it useless. Chandra Shekhar has brought forth two open source softwares, Advanced Convolution Coefficient Calculator (ACCC) and Precise Convolution Coefficient Calculator (PCCC), which handle these accuracy issues adequately. ACCC performs the computation by using floating point numbers, in an iterative manner.
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The aperture is oval, with an acute angle above, an obtuse angle at the side where the body and the columella join, and a truncation at the point. The outer lip is thin, a little patulous, with an equable convex curve throughout. The anal sinus is very shallow and round, with no shelf above it; and below it is a very high but little prominent shoulder made by the very slightly advancing lip-edge. The inner lip is very narrow, shallowly hollowed into the substance of the shell.
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Fig 1. Saxon pit half sectioned In archaeology and archaeological stratification a cut or truncation is a context that represents a moment in time when other archaeological deposits were removed for the creation of some feature such as a ditch or pit. In layman's terms, a cut can be thought of a hole that was dug in the past, though cut also applies to other parts of the archaeological record such as horizontal truncations like terraced ground. A cut context is sometimes referred to as a "negative context" as opposed to a "positive context".
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The expected form would otherwise be "Durhamshire", but it was rarely used. There are customary abbreviations for many of the counties. In most cases, these consist of simple truncation, usually with an "s" at the end signifying "shire", such as "Berks" for Berkshire or "Bucks" for Buckinghamshire. Some abbreviations are not obvious, such as "Salop" for Shropshire, from the Norman-derived word for its county town Shrewsbury; "Oxon" for Oxfordshire, from Latin Oxonium (referring to both the county and the city of Oxford); "Hants" for Hampshire; and "Northants" for Northamptonshire.
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The entirety of NY 89's former routing from Magee to Halsey Corners was redesignated as NY 318 , resulting in the truncation of NY 390 back to its previous northern terminus before being removed altogether in the mid-1960s. NY 318 was extended west to its current terminus at NY 14 in West Junius in 1973. The former routings of NY 390 and NY 390A between NY 318 and the former Seneca Falls village line are now maintained by Seneca County as CR 102 (Black Brook Road) and part of CR 101 (Gravel Road), respectively.
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This allele, identified by deep sequencing of GWAS loci, results in a protein with a C-terminal truncation. In a functional follow-up study, using re-expressed human CARD9 isoforms in murine Card9−/− bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were assessed for cytokine production. BMDCs expressing the predisposing variant CARD9 S12N showed increased TNFα and IL-6 production compared to BMDCs expressing wild-type CARD9. In contrast, CARD9 Δ11 and CARD9 S12NΔ11, as well as the C-terminal truncated variant CARD9 V6, showed significant impairment in TNFα and IL-6 production.
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The second was truncation, in which the convicted person was cut in two at the waist with a fodder knife and then left to bleed to death.Benn, p. 210 A further form of execution called Ling Chi (slow slicing), or death by/of a thousand cuts, was used from the close of the Tang dynasty (around 900) to its abolition in 1905. When a minister of the fifth grade or above received a death sentence the emperor might grant him a special dispensation allowing him to commit suicide in lieu of execution.
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Within the study of the quantum many-body problem in physics, the DMRG analysis of the Heisenberg model is an important theoretical example applying techniques of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) to the Heisenberg model of a chain of spins. This article presents the "infinite" DMRG algorithm for the S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain, but the recipe can be applied for every translationally invariant one-dimensional lattice. DMRG is a renormalization-group technique because it offers an efficient truncation of the Hilbert space of one-dimensional quantum systems.
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It is thought that the priory church originally had a high nave, with lower roofs over the aisles; in the late 14th century, one roof was erected over the nave and aisles. The dormer windows were built in the Tudor period, but it is not known if they predate the truncation of the church. Tomb of Thomas Smyth (died 1594) and his wife Margaret The Smyth family were important in the village, through to 1721. In the south aisle there is an altar-tomb of Thomas Smyth (died 1594) and his wife Margaret.
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The Second World War ended in Europe with Germany's defeat in May 1945. By this time, all of Eastern and much of Central Europe was under Soviet occupation. This included most of the historical German settlement areas, as well as the Soviet occupation zone in eastern Germany. The Allies settled on the terms of occupation, the territorial truncation of Germany, and the expulsion of ethnic Germans from post-war Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary to the Allied Occupation Zones in the Potsdam Agreement, drafted during the Potsdam Conference between 17 July and 2 August 1945.
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Some Classical slow movements involve a different sort of truncation, in which the development section is replaced altogether by a short retransition. This occurs in the slow movements of Mozart's quartets KV 387, KV 458, KV 465, KV 575, and KV 589. It is also common in overtures, occurring for example in Mozart's overture to Le nozze di Figaro, or Rossini's overture to Il barbiere di Siviglia. This is distinct from a short development, such as in the opening movement of Mozart's Violin Sonata in G major, KV 379.
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PA 549 was first designated from the intersection with US 6 to an intersection with then PA 826 in Wells Township during the numbering of state highways in Pennsylvania in 1928. This remained in place for 13 years, until PA 549 was extended to the Pennsylvania/New York state line along old PA 826. Five years later, in 1946, PA 549 was truncated once again in place of now PA 84 in Wells Township. In 1951, five years after the truncation, PA 549 was moved back to the Pennsylvania/New York state line.
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As in other crowdsourcing schemes, GeoNames edit interface allows everyone to sign in and edit the database, hence false information can be entered and such information can remain undetected especially for places that are not accessed frequently. studies these inaccuracies and classifies them into loss in the granularity of coordinates (e.g., due to truncation and low-resolution geocoding in some cases), wrong feature codes, near-identical places, and the placement of places outside their designated countries. Manually correcting these inaccuracies is both tedious and error prone (due to the database size) and may require experts.
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Zonal mean temperatures in JJA (top) and DJF (bottom) HadAM3 is a grid point model that has a horizontal resolution of 3.75 × 2.5 degrees in longitude × latitude. This corresponds to a spacing between points of approximately 300 km and is roughly comparable to T42 truncation in a spectral model. There are 96 × 73 grid points on the scalar (pressure, temperature and moisture) grid; the vector (wind velocity) grid is offset by 1/2 a grid box (see Arakawa B-grid). There are 19 levels in the vertical using a hybrid (sigma and pressure) coordinate system.
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The southern segment of this lineament is where located the boundary of the Cascade orogen (the "Cenozoic Truncation Scar" in his Fig. 1). But this boundary is now known to be the South Whidbey Island Fault, which crosses Whidbey Island near Holmes Harbor and strikes southeast. The significance of this lineament and its offset is entirely unknown. That it seems to be expressed in Ice Age (16 Ka) deposits implies a very recent but entirely unknown event; but perhaps these recent deposits are only draped over a much older topography.
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In 1937, SR 26 was extended north along unimproved roads from Woodsfield through Jerusalem and Bethesda to Morristown at US 40. In 1962, the northern terminus was moved out of Morristown to SR 147 in Bethesda, and was truncated to SR 148 in 1979. All portions of the former SR 26 north of SR 148 are now county-maintained and designated as Belmont County Route 26. Between 2012 and 2014, SR 26 experienced a small truncation in Marietta when its southern terminus was moved from the intersection of Greene Street and 3rd Street.
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A digital differential analyzer (DDA), also sometimes called a digital integrating computer, is a digital implementation of a differential analyzer. The integrators in a DDA are implemented as accumulators, with the numeric result converted back to a pulse rate by the overflow of the accumulator. The primary advantages of a DDA over the conventional analog differential analyzer are greater precision of the results and the lack of drift/noise/slip/lash in the calculations. The precision is only limited by register size and the resulting accumulated rounding/truncation errors of repeated addition.
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SR 24 between its southern terminus and the Androscoggin River crossing was formerly designated SR 124. It was renumbered to 24 in the early 1930s when the number 124 was reassigned to a completely new route. From Topsham, SR 24 was designated over a new routing to its current northern terminus in Gardiner and ultimately as far as Guilford. From Gardiner, SR 24 used to run concurrently with US 201 and SR 27 to Sidney, a designation which was simply dropped following SR 24's truncation in 1954.
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When NY 439 was assigned in 1949, it extended eastward into Brooklyn by way of the Bay Ridge Ferry. In Brooklyn, the NY 439 designation continued along Bay Ridge Avenue (69th Street), 4th Avenue and Shore Road Drive to exit 1 of the Belt Parkway, where it ended. In 1964, the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge between Brooklyn and Staten Island was completed, resulting in the deactivation of the Bay Ridge Ferry and the truncation of NY 439 to the St. George ferry terminal. NY 439 ceased to exist entirely .
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Multipole expansions are widely used in problems involving gravitational fields of systems of masses, electric and magnetic fields of charge and current distributions, and the propagation of electromagnetic waves. A classic example is the calculation of the exterior multipole moments of atomic nuclei from their interaction energies with the interior multipoles of the electronic orbitals. The multipole moments of the nuclei report on the distribution of charges within the nucleus and, thus, on the shape of the nucleus. Truncation of the multipole expansion to its first non-zero term is often useful for theoretical calculations.
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HTFS, adopted as the primary filesystem for SCO OpenServer in 1995, supports file versioning. Versioning is enabled on a per-directory basis by setting the directory's setuid bit, which is inherited when subdirectories are created. If versioning is enabled, a new file version is created when a file or directory is removed, or when an existing file is opened with truncation. Non-current versions remain in the filesystem namespace, under the name of the original file but with a suffix attached consisting of a semicolon and version sequence number.
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Casimir stabilized the western and northern borders, tried to regain some of the lost territories, and partially compensated the losses by new eastern expansion that placed within his kingdom regions that were East Slavic, thus ethnically non-Polish. Despite the territorial truncation, 14th-century Poland experienced a period of accelerated economic development and increasing prosperity. This included further expansion and modernization of agricultural settlements, the development of towns and their greater role in briskly growing trade, mining and metallurgy. A great monetary reform was implemented during the reign of Casimir III.
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If a matroid is algebraic over a simple extension F(t) then it is algebraic over F. It follows that the class of algebraic matroids is closed under contraction,Oxley (1992) p.222 and that a matroid algebraic over F is algebraic over the prime field of F.Oxley (1992) p.224 The class of algebraic matroids is closed under truncation and matroid union. It is not known whether the dual of an algebraic matroid is always algebraicOxley (1992) p.223 and there is no excluded minor characterisation of the class.
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Its development has spanned several decades; a time over which the art and science of subsurface flow and transport simulation has dramatically evolved. For most early researchers, models were used primarily as tools for understanding subsurface processes. Subsequently, in addition to addressing purely scientific questions, models were used in technical evaluation roles. Advanced model analysis requires a detailed understanding of model errors (numerical dispersion and truncation) as well as those associated with the application (conceptual and calibration) Application errors are evaluated through exploration of model and parameter sensitivities and uncertainties.
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US 181 is one of the original routes accepted by AASHO in November 1926. Its original southern terminus was at a junction with its parent, US 81, and US 90 in Downtown San Antonio. By 1968, the portion between Downtown and Loop 13 had been removed from the state highway system. The completion of I-37 in San Antonio during the 1970s resulted in the truncation of US 181 to its interchange with that freeway; the segment north of this point along Presa Street was transferred to Spur 122.
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The B-format signals comprise a truncated spherical harmonic decomposition of the sound field. They correspond to the sound pressure W, and the three components of the pressure gradient XYZ (not to be confused with the related particle velocity) at a point in space. Together, these approximate the sound field on a sphere around the microphone; formally the first-order truncation of the multipole expansion. W (the mono signal) is the zero-order information, corresponding to a constant function on the sphere, while XYZ are the first- order terms (the dipoles or figures-of-eight).
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The Schrödinger equation is solved in this basis, using an effective Hamiltonian specifically suited for the model space. This Hamiltonian is different from the one of free nucleons as it among other things has to compensate for excluded configurations. One can do away with the average potential approximation entirely by extending the model space to the previously inert core and treat all single-particle states up to the model space truncation as active. This forms the basis of the no-core shell model, which is an ab initio method.
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One explanation for this pathology is severe physical trauma resulting in the loss of the tail tip, followed by osteomyelitis (infection) of the last remaining vertebrae. Alternatively, the infection may have come first and led to the end of the tail becoming necrotic and falling off. This is the first example of tail truncation known in a non-avian theropod dinosaur. The small number of specimens preserved with pathologies in Majungasaurus suggest that the multitude of injuries that occurred were obtained over the course of the lives of the individuals studied.
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The state legislature created SR-108 in 1931, running west from SR-1 (now SR-126) to Syracuse. A 1941 law extended it east from SR-1 to SR-232 in Layton and north from Syracuse to SR-37. As part of a 1969 truncation of SR-37, SR-108 was extended northeast over part of that route to SR-84 (now SR-126). The final change was made in 1996, when the piece between SR-232 and I-15 was given to the city of Layton for widening.
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The Five Pains is a Chinese variation invented during the Qin dynasty. During the Tang dynasty (618-907 AD), truncation of the body at the waist by means of a fodder knife was a death penalty reserved for those who were seen to have done something particularly treacherous or repugnant. That practice of cutting in two did not originate in the Tang dynasty; in sources concerning the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), no less than 33 cases of execution by cutting at the waist are mentioned, but occurs very rarely in earlier material.
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The designation followed Drane Highway and Salem Road north through Decatur and Boggs Townships. Prior to 2002, PA 970 turned left onto Salem Road following present-day SR 2049 to Bigley, SR 2030 west to Woodland, and SR 2049 north to US 322 at its present southern terminus. After 2002 but before its truncation to Woodland, PA 970 traveled east along Link Road (SR 2034 and SR 2029) to US 322 outside of Wallaceton. PA 970 then turned left onto US 322 following it northwest to its present southern terminus near Woodland.
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In the early 1970s, the Southern Tier Expressway was constructed alongside NY 408 from Hinsdale to Angelica, leading to the truncation of NY 408 to its current southern terminus in Dalton on July 1, 1974. The portion of NY 408's former routing between NY 70 and Main Street in Dalton remained state-maintained until April 1, 1983, when ownership and maintenance of the road was transferred to Livingston County as part of a highway maintenance swap between the two levels of government. It was subsequently designated as CR 24A.
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An order-of-magnitude estimate of a variable, whose precise value is unknown, is an estimate rounded to the nearest power of ten. For example, an order-of-magnitude estimate for a variable between about 3 billion and 30 billion (such as the human population of the Earth) is 10 billion. To round a number to its nearest order of magnitude, one rounds its logarithm to the nearest integer. Thus , which has a logarithm (in base 10) of 6.602, has 7 as its nearest order of magnitude, because "nearest" implies rounding rather than truncation.
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This routing across the city was removed in 1971 when I-675 was completed; west of that freeway the highway became M-58, the rest was either removed from the highway system and turned back to local control, or it had the M-81 designation removed. Since this truncation, M-81 has ended at its junction with M-13 north of downtown Saginaw. In 2006, MDOT completed the reconstruction of the interchange between M-81 and I-75/US to incorporate a pair of roundabouts along Washington Road.
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It has escaped, in both forms, from the series to a whole variety of other contexts, from a Dilbert cartoon strip where Dilbert mutters it, through other television shows including The Office, Gossip Girl, Veronica Mars, 30 Rock, and Scrubs, and Robert Crais' Elvis Cole novel Chasing Darkness, to everyday spoken use. The BBC Two science fiction television series Red Dwarf replaces most of its characters' profanities with invented terms, mainly smeg (possibly a truncation of smegma) and its compound smeg-head. Other common insults are goit and gimboid.
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Most programming languages provide functions or special syntax to round fractional numbers in various ways. The earliest numeric languages, such as FORTRAN and C, would provide only one method, usually truncation (towards zero). This default method could be implied in certain contexts, such as when assigning a fractional number to an integer variable, or using a fractional number as an index of an array. Other kinds of rounding had to be programmed explicitly; for example, rounding a positive number to the nearest integer could be implemented by adding 0.5 and truncating.
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Boho is an anglicisation of the Irish Botha, which is the plural of Both, an old word for tent, hut or booth. This is a truncation of Bhotha Mhuintir Uí Fhialáin, Bothach ui fhialain in Breifney or mBothaigh I Fhialain, which translates as the huts of the Uí Fhialáin. The surname Ó Fialáin is sometimes rendered as Phelan. This area has a long history of habitation as evidenced by the NeolithicReyfad stones, dating from the late Stone Age/early Bronze Age (nearly 4000 years ago), classified as a scheduled monument.
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It has been shown that the C-terminal region of LGR5 is crucial for both dynamic internalization and degradation to occur, although C-terminal truncation does not inhibit LRP6 interaction and internalization, but rather, heightens receptor activity. Thus, only the initial interaction with its unknown ligand and other membrane bound receptors is crucial in its role in Wnt signalling and not the internalization itself. LGR5 is crucial during embryogenesis as LGR null studies in mice incurred 100% neonatal mortality accompanied by several craniofacial distortions such as ankyloglossia and gastrointestinal dilation.
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Abnormal pituitary structure and/or function seem to be the most common feature associated with Otx2 mutations. Otx2 also regulates two other genes, Lhx1 and Dkk1 that also play a role in head morphogenesis. Otx2 is required during early formation of the embryo to initiate the movement of cells towards the anterior region and establish the anterior visceral endoderm. In the absence of Otx2, this movement can be impeded, which can be overcome by the expression of Dkk1, but it does not prevent the embryo from developing head truncation defects.
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A blog (a truncation of "weblog") is a discussion or informational website published on the World Wide Web consisting of discrete, often informal diary- style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in reverse chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the web page. Until 2009, blogs were usually the work of a single individual, occasionally of a small group, and often covered a single subject or topic. In the 2010s, "multi-author blogs" (MABs) emerged, featuring the writing of multiple authors and sometimes professionally edited.
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PA 100 was truncated in order to reduce truck traffic along rural roads and on the streets through West Chester. Plans to remove the PA 100 designation along this stretch date back to 1990 when the municipalities along the route, with support from the West Chester Regional Planning Commission, passed resolutions to remove the designation. The plan was approved by the Chester County Planning Commission in 1999 and was approved by PennDOT in 2002. The truncation of the route caused confusion to motorists and affected businesses along the route.
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Plurality criterion is a voting system criterion devised by Douglas R. Woodall for ranked voting methods with incomplete ballots. It is stated as follows: :If the number of ballots ranking A as the first preference is greater than the number of ballots on which another candidate B is given any preference, then A's probability of winning must be no less than B's. This criterion is trivially satisfied by rank ballot methods which require voters to strictly rank all the candidates (and so do not allow truncation). The Borda count is usually defined in this way.
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Woodall has called the Plurality criterion "a rather weak property that surely must hold in any real election" opining that "every reasonable electoral system seems to satisfy it." Most proposed methods do satisfy it, including Plurality voting, IRV, Bucklin voting, and approval voting. Among Condorcet methods which permit truncation, whether the Plurality criterion is satisfied depends often on the measure of defeat strength. When winning votes is used as the measure of defeat strength in methods such as the Schulze method, Ranked Pairs, or Minimax, Plurality is satisfied.
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The first unit, AMT 1350 arrived in Montreal on June 9, 2011, after being shipped to Newark and then moving north to its new home. The locomotives run in electric mode along the entirety of the Deux-Montagnes line and along the Mascouche line between Montreal Central Station and Ahuntsic station. However, with the conversion of the Deux- Montagnes line into the mainline of the Réseau express métropolitain light metro system and the permanent truncation of the Mascouche line to Ahuntsic station starting in January 2020, the locomotives will be run exclusively in diesel mode.
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Ascoceratidae is a family of Ascocerida, bizarre orthoceratoid cephalopods, with longiconic, deciduous early growth stages which undergo period truncation and an inflated breviconic mature ascoceroid stage. The Ascoceratidae are divided into two, unequal subfamilies. Ascoceratinae have an exogastric ascoceroid stage characterized by the development of a protruding neck ending at the aperture, both ocular and hyponomic sinuses which form when fully grown, and camerae that are mostly confined to the dorsal half of the shell. The siphuncle is close to the venter and found only in the adapical portion.
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Boing Boing has been described as an "outspoken critic of censorship elsewhere", and operates a high speed, high quality Tor exit node,Torproject.org yet it has been accused of practicing forms of censorship itself. For example, the act of "disemvoweling" was popularized by the site—literally stripping out the vowels of any comment a moderator had taken exception to. A more recent example of censorship is the truncation of the first and complete deletion of any subsequent posts making any reference to Cory Doctorow’s mysterious disappearance from the blog he helped create.
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As mentioned above, when converting UTM coordinates to an MGRS grid reference, or when abbreviating an MGRS grid reference to lower precision, one should truncate the coordinates, not round. This has been controversial in the past, since the oldest specification, TM8358.1, used rounding, as did GEOTRANSGEOTRANS Geographic Translator software and source code from the US National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. before version 3.0. However, truncation is used in GEOTRANS since version 3.0, and in NGA Military Map Reading 201 (page 5) and in the US Army Field Manual 3-25.26.
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2, 1999: > The MGRS module was changed to make the final latitude check on MGRS to UTM > conversions sensitive to the precision of the input MGRS coordinate string. > The lower the input precision, the more "slop" is allowed in the final check > on the latitude zone letter. This is to handle an issue raised by some F-16 > pilots, who truncate MGRS strings that they receive from the Army. This > truncation can put them on the wrong side of a latitude zone boundary, > causing the truncated MGRS string to be considered invalid.
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The most effective diagnostic strategy is to perform laryngoscopy during an episode, at which time abnormal movement of the cords, if present, can be observed. If the endoscopy is not performed during an episode, it is likely that the vocal folds will be moving normally, a 'false negative' finding. Spirometry may also be useful to establish the diagnosis of VCD when performed during a crisis or after a nasal provocation test. With spirometry, just as the expiratory loop may show flattening or concavity when expiration is affected in asthma, so may the Inspiratory loop show truncation or flattening in VCD.
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In the calculation of low energy states the term proportional to n^2 U means that large occupation of a single site is improbable, allowing for truncation of local Hilbert space to states containing at most d <\infty particles. Then the local Hilbert space dimension is d+1. The dimension of the full Hilbert space grows exponentially with the number of sites in the lattice, therefore exact computer simulations of the entire Hilbert space are limited to the study of systems of 15-20 particles in 15-20 lattice sites . Experimental systems contain several millions lattice sites, with average filling above unity .
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An extension of the freeway south to NY 391 near North Boston opened in the mid-1970s, resulting in a slight, temporary truncation of NY 391 to the end of the freeway. Another extension of the expressway south to Springville was completed in the early 1980s. It became part of US 219 upon opening; at the same time, NY 391 was reextended to NY 277 in North Boston. The remainder of US 219's former routing south to Springville was transferred to Erie County upon the completion of the Springville–Buffalo segment of the Southern Expressway.
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The war, the Romanian occupation of Budapest, the truncation of the country through the Treaty of Trianon and the general political uncertainty gave rise to extremely serious economic and social tensions, which had an impact on the university as well. In 1921, the university was renamed Pázmány Péter University, in honour of the university's original founder. The next year, a reform of medical education was introduced, which increased the training period from five to six years. Today's Faculty of Dentistry was founded in 1909, when Europe's most modern dental clinic, the Stomatology Clinic was opened in the vicinity of the Faculty.
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M-63 is a state trunkline highway in the US state of Michigan that runs from M-139 at Scottdale through the cities of Benton Harbor and St. Joseph to Interstate 196/US Highway 31 (I-196/US 31) at exit 7 just outside Hagar Shores. The trunkline runs through residential areas south of St. Joseph and through the central business districts of the twin cities. Further north, M-63 runs along the Lake Michigan shoreline. All of M-63's routing was part of US 33 before that highway's truncation south of Niles in 1986.
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The remaining section of US 70 has remained mostly unchanged since 1956. Despite its truncation, US 70 remains an important artery between Globe and Safford for the San Carlos Indian Reservation, providing the reservation with an adequate connection to the rest of the state. It also continues to serve as both the main street and through route for the towns of Duncan and Safford. Today, US 70 between the New Mexico state line and US 60 in Globe is designated as part of the Old West Highway, a tourist route established by the Old West History Association in 1994.
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While in Venice he met director William Wyler, whose film Roman Holiday was also screening in competition at the festival and was rumoured to be the winner of the Silver Lion for best director. The film opened in New York City on 7 September 1954, with the English title Ugetsu being a truncation of Ugetsu Monogatari, the Japanese title, from Ueda's book. It was distributed elsewhere in the United States by Harrison Pictures under the title Tales of Ugetsu on 20 September 1954. In September 2006, Film Forum screened the film in New York City over six days, opening a Mizoguchi tribute.
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For a given incidence angle of X-rays onto a surface, only the intersections of the crystal truncation rods with the Ewald sphere can be observed. To measure the intensity along a CTR, the sample must be rotated in the X-ray beam so that the origin of the Ewald sphere is translated and the sphere intersects the rod at a different location in reciprocal space. Performing a rodscan in this way requires accurate coordinated motion of the sample and the detector along different axes. To achieve this motion, the sample and detector are mounted in an apparatus called a four-circle diffractometer.
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Cheque truncation was introduced in various countries, starting in the 1990s, to allow electronic images to be made of physical cheques, for electronic clearance. The legalisation of remote deposit made it possible for businesses and bank customers to deposit cheques without delivering them to their own banks. In the process, a depositor would make an image of the physical cheque with a smartphone or other device, and attach the image to a deposit. The deposit bank would use the cheque image in the normal electronic clearance process, though in this case MICR data would not be available.
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The cheetah resembles the smaller cats in cranial features, and in having a long and flexible spine, as opposed to the stiff and short one in other large felids. The roughly triangular skull has light, narrow bones and the sagittal crest is poorly developed, possibly to reduce weight and enhance speed. The mouth can not be opened as widely as in other cats given the shorter length of muscles between the jaw and the skull. A study suggested that the limited retraction of the cheetah's claws may result from the earlier truncation of the development of the middle phalanx bone in cheetahs.
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As a result of the truncation of State Route 16 to Coshocton in 1969, State Route 416 was created in that year. Prior to then, State Route 16 ran concurrently with U.S. Route 36 heading east from Coshocton to just west of Gnadenhutten. where it then turned north and followed the entire length of what is now State Route 416 up to and endpoint at then State Route 8, which is now designated State Route 800. In 1969, State Route 16 was truncated to its current endpoint at U.S. Route 36/State Route 83 in Coshocton.
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This portion of I-795, which would have run through historic Sudbrook Park before reaching the city, was fought and ultimately cancelled as a result of complaints from Sudbrook Park residents. This led to the cancellation of all parts of I-795 within the city, and its truncation to I-695 (the Baltimore Beltway) near the suburb of Pikesville. Still, the road was constructed as a Boulevard, and the Metro Subway was constructed along an overhead track directly parallel to the road. Three stations of the Metro system (Reisterstown Plaza, Rogers Avenue and West Coldspring) are located along Wabash Avenue.
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Trolley bus route map The first service, to Shirley, commenced on 1 April 1931 and was later opened as far as the Brighton Pier via North Beach on 5 July 1931. This first route, though it was intended to replace the North Beach trams, actually followed a different path between Fitzgerald Avenue and Marshland Road. Patronage of the Marine Parade section was poor, leading to the truncation of services at North Beach from 31 May 1933. When it came time to close the remainder of the North Beach tramline, the Board decided to replace the trams with trolley buses.
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The widely used Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) nuclease is effective, however it induces unwanted off-target mutations at high frequencies. Several engineering and screening methods have been described in an effort to reduce genome-wide off- target mutations including nuclease mutation, protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence modification, guide RNA (gRNA) truncation and novel nuclease discovery. For example, in 2013, Fu et al. reported that by truncating the gRNA from <20 bp in length to 17 or 18 bp the target specificity of the nuclease increased up to 5,000 fold and mismatch occurrences above 3 bases rarely, if ever occurred.
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In statistics, a trimmed estimator is an estimator derived from another estimator by excluding some of the extreme values, a process called truncation. This is generally done to obtain a more robust statistic, and the extreme values are considered outliers. Trimmed estimators also often have higher efficiency for mixture distributions and heavy-tailed distributions than the corresponding untrimmed estimator, at the cost of lower efficiency for other distributions, such as the normal distribution. Given an estimator, the n% trimmed version is obtained by discarding the n% lowest and highest observations: it is a statistic on the middle of the data.
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The United States Numbered Highway System is an older system consisting mostly of surface-level trunk roads, coordinated by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and maintained by state and local governments. U.S. Highways have been relegated to regional and intrastate traffic, as they have been largely supplanted by the Interstate system for long-distance travel except in areas (especially in the west) where the Interstate system is absent or underdeveloped. This has led to the decommissioning and truncation of U.S. Highways that were formerly vital long- haul routes, such as U.S. Route 21 and U.S. Route 66.
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Santee Town Center opened on August 26, 1995 as the new terminus of the East Line (renamed the Orange Line in 1997), marking the fourth segment to open on the line. In 2005, the Orange Line was truncated to (and later ) and service to Santee was replaced by the Green Line. The truncation was originally due to the fact that the path between Gillespie Field and Santee Town Center is single tracked, and having two lines running on that route would cause operational issues. Until September 2005, Santee city law prohibited rail service after 9:00 p.m.
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These reagents would form a covalent adduct on the RNA at the site of reaction. When the RNA is reverse transcribed using a reverse transcriptase into a DNA copy, the DNA generated is truncated at the positions of reaction because the enzyme is blocked by the adducts. The collection of DNA molecules of various truncated lengths therefore informs the frequency of reaction at every base position, which reflects the structure profile along the RNA. This is traditionally assayed by running the DNA on a gel, and the intensity of bands inform the frequency of observing a truncation at each position.
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Since then, studies have demonstrated integration of the MCV genome into the genome of MCC tumor cells. Central to the our understanding of the pathogenicity of MCV are two viral proteins expressed in infected cells known as the large tumor antigen (LT) and small tumor antigen (sT). Normally, patients infected with MCV show low levels of antibodies to the LT protein, perhaps due to a nuclear localization domain in its C-terminal that limits its cellular dispersion. However, integration of the viral genome into the host genome can result in truncation of the LT protein proximal to this domain.
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We then apply a specific filter, which will allow only the desired signal to pass. Thus the noise will be removed completely. Then we use the fractional Fourier transform again to rotate the signal back and we can get the desired signal. Fractional Fourier transform in DSP Thus, using just truncation in the time domain, or equivalently low-pass filters in the frequency domain, one can cut out any convex set in time–frequency space; just using time domain or frequency domain methods without fractional Fourier transforms only allow cutting out rectangles parallel to the axes.
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In 1930, German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle, which was to be based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach. The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was one of the first of its kind to be constructed in the United States, and prior to their truncation, was also an end point of US 6 (which connects Provincetown, Massachusetts some to the east) and US 91.
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With the history surrounding one of Australia's most famous named steam services, steam hauled charters often operated between Sydney and Newcastle marketed under the Newcastle Flyer banner with preserved steam locomotives of all three steam classes having operated services. In November 1979 3214 hauled two excursions to Newcastle to mark the service's 50th anniversary."Museum Scene" Roundhouse January 1980 page 31 After their return to service in 1982 and 1986 respectively, 3642 and 3801 operated numerous tours. With the truncation of the Newcastle line to Newcastle Interchange, the final Newcastle Flyer steam special operated in October 2014 with 3642.
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Other features of the computer included insertion of short words, automatic truncation, automatic zero suppression, automatic scaling, and printed format control. FLAC I was housed in a three-story wooden building south of the cafeteria at PAFB, while the two FLAC II systems were built in the South Wing of the Tech Lab in summer and fall of 1956. FLAC II abandoned mercury delay line memory in favor of a faster and more versatile 4096-word magnetic core memory. The FLAC machines' service life ended in 1960, whereupon they were replaced by IBM 709 scientific computers.
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Greensville Highway 5 serves as a short connector between Highway 8 in the west and Highway 6 in the east, essentially a continuation of Highway 8\. This configuration comes as a result of the truncation of both highways by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO). The removed sections were transferred to the jurisdiction of the City of Toronto, the City of Mississauga, the Regional Municipality of Halton, the City of Hamilton, the County of Brant, and Oxford County on January 1, 1998. Until then, Highway 5 followed a large portion of Dundas Street between Toronto and Paris.
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A high-dimensional model representation (HDMR) (the term is due to H. Rabitz) is essentially an emulator approach, which involves decomposing the function output into a linear combination of input terms and interactions of increasing dimensionality. The HDMR approach exploits the fact that the model can usually be well-approximated by neglecting higher-order interactions (second or third-order and above). The terms in the truncated series can then each be approximated by e.g. polynomials or splines (REFS) and the response expressed as the sum of the main effects and interactions up to the truncation order.
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NY 13 followed Forest Home Drive into the town of Dryden and to the hamlet of Varna, where it turned northeastward onto Dryden Road. NY 13 was realigned to bypass the Cornell University campus to the south. The former alignment of NY 13 from downtown Ithaca to the junction of Willard Way and Stewart Avenue became part of NY 34A while the remainder was redesignated as NY 392. NY 34A was realigned in the early 1940s to follow Stewart Avenue south of NY 392, resulting in the truncation of NY 392 to the intersection of University and Stewart Avenues.
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Abandoned extension plan On December 1, 2006, the new council took office. It started to debate on the issue during the week of December 4 with three options including the status quo, the truncation of portions of the current track or the cancellation of the contract. An Ottawa Sun article had reported on December 5 that if the project were cancelled, there could be lawsuits by Siemens against the city totalling as much as $1 billion. New mayor Larry O'Brien opted to keep the extension to Barrhaven while eliminating the portion that would run from Lebreton Flats to the University of Ottawa.
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Noncodified design used in error on Massachusetts state highway signage Massachusetts is rather notorious for the placement of incorrect signage along its numbered highways. Some older, erroneous signs for state routes show numbers in a white circle rather than rounded square, with black on the outside; although not codified, a number of examples of this design remain extant. Some of these errors are due to outdated signage which have not been replaced since a realignment or truncation of a route, which can lead to confusion as to where a particular route goes. Lack of route signage in urban areas is a common problem.
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In the early days of computing, a few experimental Soviet computers were built with balanced ternary instead of binary, the most famous being the Setun, built by Nikolay Brusentsov and Sergei Sobolev. The notation has a number of computational advantages over traditional binary and ternary. Particularly, the plus–minus consistency cuts down the carry rate in multi- digit multiplication, and the rounding–truncation equivalence cuts down the carry rate in rounding on fractions. The one-digit multiplication table has no carries in balanced ternary, and the addition table has only two symmetric carries instead of three.
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An ideal low-pass filter results in ringing artifacts via the Gibbs phenomenon. These can be reduced or worsened by choice of windowing function, and the design and choice of real filters involves understanding and minimizing these artifacts. For example, "simple truncation [of sinc] causes severe ringing artifacts," in signal reconstruction, and to reduce these artifacts one uses window functions "which drop off more smoothly at the edges."Mastering Windows: Improving Reconstruction The Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula describes how to use a perfect low-pass filter to reconstruct a continuous signal from a sampled digital signal.
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Signs were updated during a brief early-morning closure of the turnpike, marking the truncation of I-276 and PA Turnpike signage to the new interchange, and the extension of I-95 eastward into New Jersey, forming a continuous posted route between Miami and the Canadian border. Control cities along I-95 were updated as well in early 2018 in preparation for the opening of the main flyovers. From as far south as I-676 in Center City, the previous northbound control city of Trenton was replaced with New York. This continues eastward as I-95's northbound control city into New Jersey.
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Studies with various gp130 truncation mutants show a reduction of Jak2 binding and abrogation of certain biological effects upon deletion of box2. However, Jaks are able to associate with gp130 devoid of box2 when overexpressed. LIFR and OSMR also contain the membrane-proximal box1/box2-like regions. The first 65 amino acid residues in the cytoplasmic domain of LIFR, in combination with full length gp130, can generate signalling on treatment with LIF. Coprecipitation of Jak1, Jak2 and Tyk2 with receptors containing cytoplasmic parts of the LIFR or OSMR. All beta receptor subunits of the gp130 system also possess a box 3 region.
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The exponential function y = ex (red) and the corresponding Taylor polynomial of degree four (dashed green) around the origin. In calculus, Taylor's theorem gives an approximation of a k-times differentiable function around a given point by a polynomial of degree k, called the kth-order Taylor polynomial. For a smooth function, the Taylor polynomial is the truncation at the order k of the Taylor series of the function. The first-order Taylor polynomial is the linear approximation of the function, and the second-order Taylor polynomial is often referred to as the quadratic approximation. (2013).
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Another related spurious generation method is the slight modulation due to the GRR outlined above. The amplitude of these spurs is low for large N and their frequency is generally too low to be detectable but they may cause issues for some applications. One way to reduce the truncation in the address lookup is to have several smaller lookup tables in parallel and use the upper bits to index into the tables and the lower bits to weigh them for linear or quadratic interpolation. Ie use a 24-bit phase accumulator to look up into two 16-bit LUTS.
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The fenestration comprised five windows at ground floor level, presumably repeated above but altered during the programme of work carried out in 1801 during which a larger west window was created for a new first floor parlour. All of the ground floor windows had stopped short of the plinth, the original extent indicated by the queen closers, and also by the rather abrupt truncation of the plinth where the new doors have been inserted. The north window, original to the brickwork of the elevation has been blocked. The French doors adjacent to the blocked window are inserted into one of the original openings.
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Mutations in NLGN4 have also been found in persons with X-linked autism. A frame shift mutation 1186T has been found to cause an early stop codon and premature protein truncation. This mutation results in intracellular retention of mutant proteins, possibly causing impaired function of a synaptic cell adhesion molecule, and modifying the binding of the neuroligin protein to its presynaptic partners, neurexins, thus interrupting essential synaptic function. Other mutations of NLGN4 found in relation to autism spectrum disorders include a 2-bp deletion, 1253delAG, in the NLGN4 gene, which causes a frameshift and a premature stop codon.
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The point at which the Sun's gravity concedes its influence to the galactic tide is called the tidal truncation radius. It lies at a radius of 100,000 to 200,000 au, and marks the outer boundary of the Oort cloud. Some scholars theorise that the galactic tide may have contributed to the formation of the Oort cloud by increasing the perihelia (smallest distances to the Sun) of planetesimals with large aphelia (largest distances to the Sun). The effects of the galactic tide are quite complex, and depend heavily on the behaviour of individual objects within a planetary system.
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Cheques had to be examined by hand at each stage, which required a large amount of manpower. In the 1960s, machine readable codes were added to the bottom of cheques in MICR format, which speeded up the clearing and sorting process. However, the law in most countries still required cheques to be delivered to the payee bank, and so physical movement of the paper continued. Starting in the mid-1990s, some countries started to change their laws to allow "truncation": cheques would be imaged and a digital representation of the cheque would be transmitted to the drawee bank, and the original cheques destroyed.
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Later, new knock-out mutants of the Apc gene were engineered. A truncating mutation at codon 716 (ApcΔ716) results in a mouse that develops more than 300 polyps in the small intestine, while truncation at codon 1638 (Apc1638N) results in the formation of about only 3 polyps in the same region of the gastrointestinal tract. More recently a new mutant Apc mouse model was constructed in which multiple polyps form in the distal colon. In this model mutation in the Cdx2 gene in the ApcΔ716 mouse model shifted the formation of the polyps from the intestine to the colon, resembling the human FAP.
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MRAP mutations were found to disable the movement of MC2 to the cell surface of adrenal gland cells; this would make MC2 irresponsive to ACTH stimulation causing a deficiency in glucocorticoids production. The mutations in the MRAP gene were found to be mostly homozygous nonsense or splice-site mutations that caused the truncation of MRAP protein. Few FGD-2 cases were reported to have homozygous missense MRAP gene mutations that led to replacing tyrosine with aspartame at position 59 or the substitution of valine with alanine at position 26. These missense mutations cause a milder form of the disease and a later onset.
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National Space Institute. p. 117 A few months later, on occasion of the first Moon landing, he publicly expressed his optimism that the Saturn V carrier system would continue to be developed, advocating human missions to Mars in the 1980s. Nonetheless, on March 1, 1970, von Braun and his family relocated to Washington, DC, when he was assigned the post of NASA's Deputy Associate Administrator for Planning at NASA Headquarters. After a series of conflicts associated with the truncation of the Apollo program, and facing severe budget constraints, von Braun retired from NASA on May 26, 1972.
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Mutation of TIMM8A is associated with Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome/Deafness Dystonia Syndrome (MTS/DDS), a mitochondrial disease postulated to be associated with a defective mitochondrial protein import system.Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome is a recessive, X-linked neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by early-onset deafness followed by progressive dystonia in adulthood, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, mental retardation, dysphagia, paranoia, and cortical blindness. It is known to be caused by a truncation or deletion of the 11 kDa protein product of TIMM8A. Defects in this gene also cause Jensen syndrome, an X-linked disease with opticoacoustic nerve atrophy and muscle weakness.
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The inscription around the perimeter on this version of the medal is the same as on the first. The initials "BM" on the truncation of the King's neck are those of the designer of the obverse, Bertram Mackennal, an Australian sculptor.The Fitzwilliam Museum - Navy Long Service & Good Conduct Medal, awarded to Mech. E. F. Walter between 1910 & 1921 (Accessed 11 June 2015) Both versions have non-swiveling bar suspensions, attached to the medal with a single-toe claw and a horizontal pin through the upper edge of the medal, with double scroll claw supports on the medal rim.
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The fact that NS1 is involved in the pathogenicity of influenza A viruses makes it a good target to attenuate these viruses. Several studies demonstrated that influenza viruses with partial deletions in NS1 proteins are attenuated and do not cause disease, but induce a protective immune response in different species including mice, pigs, horses, birds and macaques. Although it had been known for more than a decade that influenza viruses with partial deletions in NS1 proteins were attenuated, all but one NS1 truncation variants of influenza A viruses were generated by in vitro mutagenesis. Wang et al.
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Novoperário Futebol Clube was founded on October 11, 2010 by former members of Operário Futebol Clube board of directors and ultra groups, and the new club was named after the club they left, Novoperário is a truncation of Novo Operário and means New Operário in Portuguese. The club became a professional team in late 2011 to compete in the Campeonato Sul-Mato-Grossense Second Division. They won in the same day as the club's foundation its first professional title, which was the 2012 edition of that competition. Novoperário was eliminated by Naviraiense in the Quarterfinals of the 2013 Campeonato Sul-Matogrossense.
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The 1974 reproduction, at Birmingham Epstein's dismantling of Rock Drill and truncation of the abstracted male form marks a crucial turning point in his career, signalling the end of his engagement with the machine age. Although Epstein destroyed the original sculpture, since its reconstruction in 1974, Rock Drill has been heralded as representing 'a dramatic, revolutionary moment when sculpture in Britain first became uncompromisingly modern.' Epstein had a long and successful career in Britain, working in less radical styles, and notable for portrait busts and architectural sculptures. The final Sensational Alex Harvey Band studio album, 1978's Rock Drill, was named for and influenced by the sculpture.
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NY 9R was assigned to most of its current alignment. Originally, the southern half of the route followed Johnson Road and St. Agnes Highway through Colonie; however, it was realigned in the early 1940s to follow an extension of Columbia Street between US 9 and the Cohoes city line. In the mid-1970s, NY 9R was removed and partially replaced with the new NY 470, an east-west route extending from the current southern terminus of NY 9R east through Cohoes to Troy. The NY 9R designation was reinstated in the late 1970s, resulting in the truncation of NY 470 to its present length.
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Following this program, the Reflective Systems Unit at MDOT reviewed the state of two- and three-way concurrencies along the highway system in Michigan. They approached the department's Trunkline Numbering Committee and the district traffic and safety engineers on October 19, 1982, for proposals to reduce or eliminate the various overlapping designations to "avoid driver confusion and save funds". When the unit released its final recommendations on March 17, 1983, the memo recommended 19 changes to eliminate various concurrent routings, including the truncation of US 2 to St. Ignace, changes to the routing of US 10, and the removal of US 33 from the state.
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A tippe top usually has a body shaped like a truncated sphere, with a short narrow stem attached perpendicular to the center of the flat circular surface of truncation. The stem may be used as a handle to pick up the top, and is also used to spin the top into motion. When a tippe top is spun at a high angular velocity, its stem slowly tilts downwards more and more until it suddenly lifts the body of the spinning top off the ground, with the stem now pointing downward. Eventually, as the top's spinning rate slows, it loses stability and eventually topples over, like an ordinary top.
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In January 1992, in the CityRail timetable, a morning Sydney bound and evening return V set service were called the Newcastle Flyer."CityRail launches new timetable" Railway Digest February 1992 page 45 The name was dropped from the November 1996 timetable."CityRail Named Train Changes" Railway Digest December 1996 page 8 In November 2017, nearly 3 years after the truncation of the line to Newcastle, a timetable change brought a new Sydney-Newcastle fast service which would depart a newly built Newcastle Interchange at 5:03am and arrive at Central at 7:26am. The return service departed Central at 3:45pm and arrived at Newcastle Interchange at 6:12pm.
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This data indicates the ability of memantine to rescue neocortical cholinergic fibers (originating from basal forebrain cholinergic neurons) from the neurotoxic effects of Beta amyloid (1-42) oligomers. It should also be noted that memantine is able to inhibit the truncation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (triggered by activated calpain), which is believed to play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's, affecting tau phosphorylation (the second histological hallmark). Another treatment involves the use of exogenous choline acetyltransferase as supplementation in cholinergic neurons. Cholinergic neurons have significantly reduced choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholine activity, which is correlated to the severity of the dementia or cognitive impairments.
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If the random variable has been truncated only from below, some probability mass has been shifted to higher values, giving a first-order stochastically dominating distribution and hence increasing the mean to a value higher than the mean \mu of the original normal distribution. Likewise, if the random variable has been truncated only from above, the truncated distribution has a mean less than \mu. Regardless of whether the random variable is bounded above, below, or both, the truncation is a mean-preserving contraction combined with a mean-changing rigid shift, and hence the variance of the truncated distribution is less than the variance \sigma^2 of the original normal distribution.
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Many major online street mapping services (Bing Maps, Google Maps, MapQuest, OpenStreetMap, Yahoo! Maps, and others) use a variant of the Mercator projection for their map images called Web Mercator or Google Web Mercator. Despite its obvious scale variation at small scales, the projection is well-suited as an interactive world map that can be zoomed seamlessly to large-scale (local) maps, where there is relatively little distortion due to the variant projection's near-conformality. The major online street mapping services' tiling systems display most of the world at the lowest zoom level as a single square image, excluding the polar regions by truncation at latitudes of φmax = ±85.05113°.
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Rudd's counsel, Bret Walker said his client could not tell his side of the story while being met with a "devastating truncation of the truth". The Royal Commissioner dismissed the redaction and in a subsequent appearance before the Royal Commission, released from long-standing Cabinet secrecy rules, Rudd testified that if Cabinet had been warned of safety risks, the program's rollout in 2009 would have been delayed. He also gave evidence that the stimulus package had a colour-coding system: "green for 'on track'; amber for maintaining 'close watch'; and red for 'in difficulty'." Of the eight reports during 2009-10, all recorded the HIP as "on track" until March 2010.
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For single-row edge- contact ball bearings, axial load can be about 2 times max radial load, and for cone-bearings maximum axial load is between 1 and 2 times maximum radial load. Often Conrad-style ball bearings will exhibit contact ellipse truncation under axial load. That means that either the ID of the outer ring is large enough, or the OD of the inner ring is small enough, so as to reduce the area of contact between the balls and raceway. When this is the case, it can significantly increase the stresses in the bearing, often invalidating general rules of thumb regarding relationships between radial and axial load capacity.
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It began at the intersection of Third Street and Patterson Boulevard (with Patterson Boulevard carrying SR 4 and this point also marking the former southern terminus of SR 202) and followed Patterson Boulevard north, First Street east, and Keowee Street north across the Mad River. The three state routes would turn onto Valley Street where SR 202 split off the concurrency at Troy Street, SR 4 at the ramps to the freeway, SR 201 continuing on the route it travels today. The truncation of SR 201 occurred at the same time as the relocation of SR 4 out of Downtown Dayton onto the US 35 and Interstate 75 freeways.
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The radar system had successfully detected the Scud and predicted where to look for it next. However, the timestamps of the two radar pulses being compared were converted to floating point differently: one correctly, the other introducing an error proportionate to the operation time so far (100 hours) caused by the truncation in a 24-bit fixed-point register. As a result, the difference between the pulses was wrong, so the system looked in the wrong part of the sky and found no target. With no target, the initial detection was assumed to be a spurious track and the missile was removed from the system.
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"A History of Elementary Mathematics – With Hints on Methods of Teaching". p.94. More recently, as discussed in the above section, the infinite series of calculus for trigonometric functions (rediscovered by Gregory, Taylor, and Maclaurin in the late 17th century) were described (with proofs and formulas for truncation error) in India, by mathematicians of the Kerala school, remarkably some two centuries earlier. Some scholars have recently suggested that knowledge of these results might have been transmitted to Europe through the trade route from Kerala by traders and Jesuit missionaries. Kerala was in continuous contact with China and Arabia, and, from around 1500, with Europe.
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The error in a method's solution is defined as the difference between the approximation and the exact analytical solution. The two sources of error in finite difference methods are round-off error, the loss of precision due to computer rounding of decimal quantities, and truncation error or discretization error, the difference between the exact solution of the original differential equation and the exact quantity assuming perfect arithmetic (that is, assuming no round-off). The finite difference method relies on discretizing a function on a grid. To use a finite difference method to approximate the solution to a problem, one must first discretize the problem's domain.
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In return for full autonomy, the tribes in the interior pledged to cease attacking the coast. The Treaty of As Sib was, de facto, a partition agreement between Muscat and Oman, serving Britain's interest in preserving its power through the office of the sultan without dispatching British troops to the region. The Treaty of As Sib ensured political quiescence between Muscat and Oman that lasted until the 1950s, when oil exploration in the interior reintroduced conflict. In return for accepting a truncation of his authority, the sultan received a loan from the government of British India with an amortization period of ten years, sufficient to repay his debts to merchants.
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This 14-exon gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 17 (17p11.2) and has a cytosine-rich region in exon 11 particularly susceptible to mutation. The most common mutation in this region is the insertion or deletion of a cytosine residue, found in 53% of Birt–Hogg–Dubé families. There is no significant difference in the symptoms experienced by families with an insertion at that location compared to those who have a deletion. However, mutations in FLCN associated with Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome are heterogeneous, and are often nonsense mutations or frameshift mutations that cause early truncation of the protein product at the carboxy-terminus.
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A fraction of rhodopsin mutations alter the C-terminal tail of the protein, such as the point mutations P347L, P347S, P347R, and V345M.3–5 In addition, two frameshift mutations (fs 341del and fs 341-343del) are predicted to add additional residues to the C terminus, whereas Q344ter results in a C-terminal truncation, and an intron splice mutation (N88) is thought to remove the entire C-terminal tail of rhodopsin. Data indicate that expression of truncated rhodopsin negatively affects both photoreceptor function and health, compromising rod cell survival. The presence of truncated opsin may impair synaptic transmission or other cellular processes and eventually cause cell death.
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Missense mutation is a type of nonsynonymous substitution in a DNA sequence. Two other types of nonsynonymous substitution are the nonsense mutations — in which a codon is changed to a premature stop codon that results in truncation of the resulting protein —, and the nonstop mutations — in which a stop codon erasement results in a longer, nonfunctional protein. Missense mutations can render the resulting protein nonfunctional, and such mutations are responsible for human diseases such as Epidermolysis bullosa, sickle-cell disease, and SOD1 mediated ALS. In the most common variant of sickle-cell disease, the 20th nucleotide of the gene for the beta chain of hemoglobin is altered from the codon GAG to GTG.
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Typical aerodynamic teardrop shape, assuming a viscous medium passing from left to right, the diagram shows the pressure distribution as the thickness of the black line and shows the velocity in the boundary layer as the violet triangles. The green vortex generators prompt the transition to turbulent flow and prevent back-flow also called flow separation from the high-pressure region in the back. The surface in front is as smooth as possible or even employs shark-like skin, as any turbulence here increases the energy of the airflow. The truncation on the right, known as a Kammback, also prevents backflow from the high-pressure region in the back across the spoilers to the convergent part.
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A key aspect of GFLM is estimation and inference for the smooth parameter function \beta which is usually obtained by dimension reduction of the infinite dimensional functional predictor. A common method is to expand the predictor function X in an orthonormal basis of L2 space, the Hilbert space of square integrable functions with the simultaneous expansion of the parameter function in the same basis. This representation is then combined with a truncation step to reduce the contribution of the parameter function \beta in the linear predictor to a finite number of regression coefficients. Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) that employs the Karhunen–Loève expansion is a common and parsimonious approach to accomplish this.
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R3 signage before truncation Signage used by SEPTA for R3 service until July 25, 2010 SEPTA took over operations in 1983, running commuter service on the line to West Chester. Beginning in 1984 the route was designated R3 West Chester and R3 Elwyn as part of SEPTA's diametrical reorganization of its lines. Shuttles operated between West Chester and Elwyn; Elwyn trains operated through the city center to North Broad station but did not continue on to the ex-Reading side of the system. Plans had called for the line to be paired with the Chestnut Hill West Line but this depended on a never-built connection from the Chestnut Hill West Line to the ex-Reading near Wayne Junction.
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Experiments examining peripherin overexpression in mice have suggested that PRPH mutations play a role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, with more recent studies investigating the prevalence of such mutations in humans. Though many polymorphic variants of PRPH exist, two variants of PRPH were seen uniquely in patients with ALS, both of which consisted of a frameshift mutation. In the first variant, a single base pair deletion in exon 1 of PRPH was predictive of a peripherin species truncated to 85 amino acids. This truncation negatively impacted the ability of the neurofilament network to assemble, thus suggesting that mutations in PRPH may play a role in at least a small percentage of human cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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The Northeast Freeway was a planned freeway in Prince George's County, Maryland that would have run from the North Central Freeway in the District of Columbia northeast to the College Park Interchange on the Capital Beltway (I-495). The route would have carried Interstate 95 from the Capital Beltway into the District of Columbia. The entire route was canceled in 1977 after the government of the District of Columbia canceled the North Central Freeway, cutting off the southern end of the Northeast Freeway from the D.C. freeway network. The cancellation of the route led to the truncation of Interstate 95 at the College Park Interchange and its subsequent rerouting onto the eastern half of the Capital Beltway.
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Evidence on possible shortening or changing of Hebrew names into Galilean is limited. Ossuary inscriptions invariably show full Hebrew name forms. David Flusser suggested that the short name Yeshu for Jesus in the Talmud was 'almost certainly' a dialect form of Yeshua, based on the swallowing of the ayin noted by Paul Billerbeck,Joachim Jeremias 1977 New Testament theology "…deliberate truncation made for anti-Christian motives; rather, it is 'almost certainly' (Flusser, Jesus, 13) the Galilean pronunciation of the name; the swallowing of the 'ayin was typical of the Galilean dialect (Billerbeck I 156f.)" but most scholars follow the traditional understanding of the name as a polemical reduction.George Howard 2005 Hebrew Gospel of Matthew p.
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In the traditional orthogonal algorithm, using inputs with high \sigma_x has the advantage of stimulating high-order nonlinearity, so as to achieve more accurate high-order kernel identification. As a drawback, the use of high \sigma_x values causes high identification error in lower-order kernels, mainly due to nonideality of the input and truncation errors. On the contrary, the use of lower \sigma_x in the identification process can lead to a better estimation of lower-order kernel, but can be insufficient to stimulate high-order nonlinearity. This phenomenon, which can be called locality of truncated Volterra series, can be revealed by calculating the output error of a series as a function of different variances of input.
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Mice with truncated EpoR are viable, which suggests Jak2 activity is sufficient to support basal erythropoiesis by activating the necessary pathways without phosphotyrosine docking sites being needed. EpoR-H form of EpoR truncation contains the first, and, what can be argued, the most important tyrosine 343 that serves as a docking site for the Stat5 molecule, but lacks the rest of the cytoplasmic tail. These mice exhibit elevated erythropoiesis consistent with the idea that phosphatase recruitment (and therefore the shutting down of signaling) is aberrant in these mice. The EpoR-HM receptor also lacks the majority of the cytoplasmic domain, and contains the tyrosine 343 that was mutated to phenylalanine, making it unsuitable for efficient Stat5 docking and activation.
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Further, a second-order truncation of the Taylor series resulted in Mandelbrot's law.Neumann, Peter G. "Statistical metalinguistics and Zipf/Pareto/Mandelbrot", SRI International Computer Science Laboratory, accessed and archived 29 May 2011. The principle of least effort is another possible explanation: Zipf himself proposed that neither speakers nor hearers using a given language want to work any harder than necessary to reach understanding, and the process that results in approximately equal distribution of effort leads to the observed Zipf distribution. Similarly, preferential attachment (intuitively, "the rich get richer" or "success breeds success") that results in the Yule–Simon distribution has been shown to fit word frequency versus rank in language and population versus city rank better than Zipf's law.
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The result of these transfers was the truncation of Highway 17 at the western end of Highway 417. Plans for a freeway to bypass or eliminate traffic congestion and road hazards along the heavily travelled route from Victoria to Nanaimo on Vancouver Island were cancelled during the recession that followed the 1987 stock market crash. The cancellation was confirmed in 1995 by the federal government's "war on the deficit" and British Columbia's subsequent highway capital spending freeze. The latter was lifted from the Trans-Canada Highway development program on the BC mainland as renewed federal funding and new public-private partnerships became available in the early 2000s to support the 2010 Winter Olympics and the Pacific Gateway transportation initiative.
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By Steinitz's theorem, the Goldner–Harary graph is a polyhedral graph: it is planar and 3-connected, so there exists a convex polyhedron having the Goldner–Harary graph as its skeleton. Geometrically, a polyhedron representing the Goldner–Harary graph may be formed by gluing a tetrahedron onto each face of a triangular dipyramid, similarly to the way a triakis octahedron is formed by gluing a tetrahedron onto each face of an octahedron. That is, it is the Kleetope of the triangular dipyramid.. Same page, 2nd ed., Graduate Texts in Mathematics 221, Springer-Verlag, 2003, .. The dual graph of the Goldner–Harary graph is represented geometrically by the truncation of the triangular prism.
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For example, a 75% thread sacrifices only a small amount of strength in exchange for a significant reduction in the force required to cut the thread. The result is that tap and die wear is reduced, the likelihood of breakage is lessened and higher cutting speeds can often be employed. This additional truncation is achieved by using a slightly larger tap drill in the case of female threads, or by slightly reducing the diameter of the threaded area of workpiece in the case of male threads, the latter effectively reducing the thread's major diameter. In the case of female threads, tap drill charts typically specify sizes that will produce an approximate 75% thread.
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The use of high-resolution ion-mobility mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) on HPLC-purified alpha-synuclein in vitro has shown alpha-synuclein to be autoproteolytic (self-proteolytic), generating a variety of small molecular weight fragments upon incubation. The 14.46 kDa protein was found to generate numerous smaller fragments, including 12.16 kDa (amino acids 14-133) and 10.44 kDa (40-140) fragments formed through C- and N-terminal truncation and a 7.27 kDa C-terminal fragment (72-140). The 7.27 kDa fragment, which contains the majority of the NAC region, aggregated considerably faster than full-length alpha-synuclein. It is possible that these autoproteolytic products play a role as intermediates or cofactors in the aggregation of alpha-synuclein in vivo.
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In 1969 cheque guarantee cards were introduced in several countries, allowing a retailer to confirm that a cheque would be honoured when used at a point of sale. The drawer would sign the cheque in front of the retailer, who would compare the signature to the signature on the card and then write the cheque-guarantee-card number on the back of the cheque. Such cards were generally phased out and replaced by debit cards, starting in the mid-1990s. From the mid-1990s, many countries enacted laws to allow for cheque truncation, in which a physical cheque is converted into electronic form for transmission to the paying bank or clearing-house.
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The Width field specifies a minimum number of characters to output, and is typically used to pad fixed-width fields in tabulated output, where the fields would otherwise be smaller, although it does not cause truncation of oversized fields. The width field may be omitted, or a numeric integer value, or a dynamic value when passed as another argument when indicated by an asterisk . For example, will result in ` 10` being printed, with a total width of 5 characters. Though not part of the width field, a leading zero is interpreted as the zero-padding flag mentioned above, and a negative value is treated as the positive value in conjunction with the left- alignment flag also mentioned above.
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GLMs essentially cover one-parameter models from the classical exponential family, and include 3 of the most important statistical regression models: the linear model, Poisson regression for counts, and logistic regression for binary responses. However, the exponential family is far too limiting for regular data analysis. For example, for counts, zero-inflation, zero-truncation and overdispersion are regularly encountered, and the makeshift adaptations made to the binomial and Poisson models in the form of quasi-binomial and quasi-Poisson can be argued as being ad hoc and unsatisfactory. But the VGLM framework readily handles models such as zero- inflated Poisson regression, zero-altered Poisson (hurdle) regression, positive-Poisson regression, and negative binomial regression.
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Business US 66 in San Bernardino, sometimes rendered "City" US 66 on contemporary maps, was a short business loop that existed in the city from the late 1940s until US 66 was decommissioned in California in 1964. Designated as Legislative Route Number 191, its former alignment continued east from the junction of US 66, former US 91 and former US 395 at Mount Vernon Avenue and 5th St, east along 5th Street and then north on E Street. E Street continued on to become modern Kendall Drive, rejoining the US 66 mainline at Cajon Boulevard near Devore. Part of this routing included the former alignment of State Route 18 prior to its truncation.
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Deletion of outlier data is a controversial practice frowned upon by many scientists and science instructors; while mathematical criteria provide an objective and quantitative method for data rejection, they do not make the practice more scientifically or methodologically sound, especially in small sets or where a normal distribution cannot be assumed. Rejection of outliers is more acceptable in areas of practice where the underlying model of the process being measured and the usual distribution of measurement error are confidently known. An outlier resulting from an instrument reading error may be excluded but it is desirable that the reading is at least verified. The two common approaches to exclude outliers are truncation (or trimming) and Winsorising.
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Once these pseudogenes are inserted back into the genome, they usually contain a poly-A tail, and usually have had their introns spliced out; these are both hallmark features of cDNAs. However, because they are derived from an RNA product, processed pseudogenes also lack the upstream promoters of normal genes; thus, they are considered "dead on arrival", becoming non-functional pseudogenes immediately upon the retrotransposition event. However, these insertions occasionally contribute exons to existing genes, usually via alternatively spliced transcripts. A further characteristic of processed pseudogenes is common truncation of the 5' end relative to the parent sequence, which is a result of the relatively non- processive retrotransposition mechanism that creates processed pseudogenes.
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The second subject, meanwhile, is recapitulated in grandeur rather than tenderness: an apotheosis not unlike the thematic transformation of the main subject in Chopin's first Ballade from its initial tender statement in E♭ major to its grand exuberance in A major. Despite the implications of freedom and improvisation entailed in the title "Fantasy," the work is really a rather straightforward (if not formulaic) sonata allegro. Its exposition has a clear first subject and transition, followed by a second subject and closing groups in the relative major. The development section is characteristically stormy, sequencing motives from the exposition; and except for the truncation of the first theme the recapitulation maps measure for measure onto the exposition.
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Jeita III (The Caverns) was a deposit of brown soil that fell from a location suggested to be at the east end of Jeita II, just inside the entrance to the grotto where the tourists are conducted by boat. It was found in 1963 by the Speleologists Club and excavated by Father Hours. Flint tools found in the deposit were geometric in design and suggested to be a form of Natufian or later Mesolithic than discovered at Jeita II, from where it may have been displaced. Forms of these flints included rectangles with straight or oblique truncation, borers of the "crochet" type, micro-burins, end scrapers, bladelet cores, two transverse arrowheads, crescents and short triangles.
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Liddle syndrome is generally caused by mutations in the PY motif or truncation of the C-terminus including loss of the PY motif in the β or γ ENaC subunits. Even though there is a PY motif also in the α subunit, so far Liddle disease has not observed in association with a mutation in the α subunit. Liddle syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant disease with a phenotype that includes early onset hypertension, metabolic alkalosis and low levels of plasma renin activity and mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone. In the absence of a recognizable PY motif, ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd4-2 cannot bind to the ENaC subunit and hence cannot attach a ubiquitin to it.
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It was found the modified compander resulted in a less than perfect step size at most signal levels and the fast gain error recovery increased the noise as determined by actual listening tests as compared to simple signal to noise measurements. The final compander achieved a very mild gain error recovery due to the natural truncation rounding error caused by 12-bit arithmetic. The complete function of delta modulation, VAC, and echo control for 6 ports was implemented in a single digital integrated circuit chip with 12-bit arithmetic. A single DAC was shared by all 6 ports providing voltage compare functions for the modulators and feeding sample and hold circuits for the demodulator outputs.
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Nano-sized features on surfaces are measured with a similar technique, grazing-incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). In this and other methods, surface sensitivity is achieved by placing the crystal surface at a small angle relative to the incident beam, which achieves total external reflection and minimizes the X-ray penetration into the material. The atomic- to nano-scale details of surfaces, interfaces, and thin films can be characterized using techniques such as X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and crystal truncation rod (CTR) analysis. X-ray standing wave (XSW) measurements can also be used to measure the position of atoms at or near surfaces; these measurements require high- resolution optics capable of resolving dynamical diffraction phenomena.
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In this case, a candidate's score would be the average rating from voters who did rate this candidate. However, some method must then be used to exclude candidates who received too few votes, to provide a meaningful average. In some competitions subject to judges' scores, a truncated mean is used to remove extreme scores. For example, score voting with truncated means is used in figure skating competitions to avoid the results of the third skater affecting the relative positions of two skaters who have already finished their performances (the independence of irrelevant alternatives), using truncation to mitigate biases of some judges who have ulterior motives to score some competitors too high or low.
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Liddle syndrome is generally caused by mutations in the PY motif or truncation of the C-terminus including loss of the PY motif in the β or γ ENaC subunits. Even though there is a PY motif also in the α subunit, so far Liddle disease has not observed in association with a mutation in the α subunit. Liddle syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant disease with a phenotype that includes early onset hypertension, metabolic alkalosis and low levels of plasma renin activity and mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone. In the absence of a recognizable PY motif, ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd4-2 cannot bind to the ENaC subunit and hence cannot attach a ubiquitin to it.
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Given the above, most texture compression algorithms involve some form of fixed-rate lossy vector quantization of small fixed-size blocks of pixels into small fixed-size blocks of coding bits, sometimes with additional extra pre-processing and post-processing steps. Block Truncation Coding is a very simple example of this family of algorithms. Because their data access patterns are well-defined, texture decompression may be executed on-the-fly during rendering as part of the overall graphics pipeline, reducing overall bandwidth and storage needs throughout the graphics system. As well as texture maps, texture compression may also be used to encode other kinds of rendering map, including bump maps and surface normal maps.
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The analysis of data where observations are treated as being from truncated versions of standard distributions can be undertaken using maximum likelihood, where the likelihood would be derived from the distribution or density of the truncated distribution. This involves taking account of the factor {F(b)-F(a)} in the modified density function which will depend on the parameters of the original distribution. In practice, if the fraction truncated is very small the effect of truncation might be ignored when analysing data. For example, it is common to use a normal distribution to model data whose values can only be positive but for which the typical range of values is well away from zero.
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The band is referred to by their nickname "The 'Mats" by fans, which originated as a truncation of "The Placemats," a mispronunciation of their name. The Replacements' music was influenced by rock artists such as the Rolling Stones, Faces, Big Star, Slade, Badfinger, Lou Reed and the Beatles as well as punk rock bands such as the Ramones, the New York Dolls, Dead Boys and the Clash. Unlike many of their underground contemporaries, the Replacements played "heart-on-the-sleeve" rock songs that combined Westerberg's "raw-throated adolescent howl" with self-deprecating lyrics. The Replacements were a notoriously wayward live act, often performing under the influence of alcohol and playing fragments of covers instead of their own material.
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The Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (or Check 21 Act) is a United States federal law, , that was enacted on October 28, 2003 by the 108th U.S. Congress. The Check 21 Act took effect one year later on October 28, 2004. The law allows the recipient of the original paper check to create a digital version of the original check, a process known as check truncation, into an electronic format called a "substitute check", thereby eliminating the need for further handling of the physical document. In essence, the recipient bank no longer returns the paper check, but effectively e-mails an image of both sides of the check to the bank it is drawn upon.
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Bridal Veil Falls in Yosemite National Park. Either side of the waterfall are the flat vertical faces of the truncated spurs Faulted southeastern side of Svyatoy Nos peninsula, Lake Baikal - active faulting shown by faceted spurs forming triangular facets A truncated spur is a spur, which is a ridge that descends towards a valley floor or coastline from a higher elevation, that ends in an inverted-V face and was produced by the erosional truncation of the spur by the action of either streams, waves, or glaciers. Truncated spurs can be found within mountain ranges, along the walls of river valleys, or along coastlines.Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, eds.
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These changes to the U.S. route system precipitated the truncation of SH-8 in 1936. On 1936-03-13, the section of the route between Anadarko and the state line was dropped. However, a new road between Anadarko and Cyril had been built; this became part of SH-8 and set the highway's southern terminus at its present location. By the end of 1937, however, the highway's southern terminus had changed once again. On 1937-10-19, SH-8 had been truncated to Anadarko. However, on 1938-10-18, the route was extended back to the former southern terminus at Randlett; this change did not appear on the state map until the April 1941 edition.
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It was found the modified compander resulted in a less than perfect step size at most signal levels and the fast gain error recovery increased the noise as determined by actual listening tests as compared to simple signal to noise measurements. The final compander achieved a very mild gain error recovery due to the natural truncation rounding error caused by twelve bit arithmetic. The complete function of delta modulation, VAC and Echo Control for six ports was implemented in a single digital integrated circuit chip with twelve bit arithmetic. A single digital-to-analog converter (DAC) was shared by all six ports providing voltage compare functions for the modulators and feeding sample and hold circuits for the demodulator outputs.
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The Broadmeadow railway station is situated close by and, before the construction of the Newcastle Interchange at Wickham, was once considered as the site for Newcastle's official transport interchange following truncation of the Newcastle railway line. Between Adamstown and Broadmeadow railway stations there is a large marshaling yard that opened in 1938. Adjoining this marshalling yard was Broadmeadow Locomotive Depot which was the second largest steam locomotive depot in the state, and served the last mainline steam locomotives in service on the New South Wales Government Railways in 1973.Groves, Ken et al (1994), The 60 Class, New South Wales Rail Transport Museum The depot was then used for the stabling & servicing of Diesel locomotives until the depot was closed in 1994.
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Its mRNA encodes for two proteins; one of them in particular has a reverse transcriptase and endonuclease activity that allows the retrotransposition in cis. Anyway most part of these copies are rendered immobile by mutations or 5’ truncation, leaving just about 80–100 mobile L1 per human genome and just about 10 are considered hot L1s so able to mobilize efficiently. L1 transpose using a mechanism called TPRT (target primed reverse transcription) it's able to insert a L1 endonuclease motif, target site duplications (TSD) and a poly-A tail with a cis preference. It has been seen in the past that there's L1 mobilization in neural progenitors during foetal and adult neurogenesis suggesting that the brain may be a L1 mosaicism hotspot.
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The optimal selection for the truncation points, thus for the packet-build-up points is then given by defining critical slopes of these curves, and picking all those coding passes whose curve in the rate–distortion graph is steeper than the given critical slope. This method can be seen as a special application of the method of Lagrange multiplier which is used for optimization problems under constraints. The Lagrange multiplier, typically denoted by λ, turns out to be the critical slope, the constraint is the demanded target bitrate, and the value to optimize is the overall distortion. Packets can be reordered almost arbitrarily in the JPEG 2000 bit-stream; this gives the encoder as well as image servers a high degree of freedom.
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Sixty- seven sand pipes ranging from two to 52 meters have been identified in the park. While others suggest these sandstone spires are the result of sandstone intrusions which were created as a result of the tectonic activity in the Plio-Pleistocene time, the time of the uplift of the surrounding plateaus. Indications for this model include the concentric vertical ring structure of the columns themselves where each of the three vertical rings of sandstone, central, inner, and outer, can be traced and matched to a distinct sedimentary formation below. Also the truncation of two of the structures, at Shepherd's Point, by Pleistocene sheet conglomerates, and other intrusions which pierce through Pleistocene river deposited conglomerates place the intrusion event in the Pleistocene.
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The name Zaire is from a Portuguese adaptation of a Kikongo word, ("river"), a truncation of ("river swallowing rivers"). The river was known as Zaire during the 16th and 17th centuries; Congo seems to have replaced Zaire gradually in English usage during the 18th century, and Congo is the preferred English name in 19th- century literature, although references to Zahir or Zaire as the name used by the inhabitants remained common. The Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo are named after it, as was the previous Republic of the Congo which had gained independence in 1960 from the Belgian Congo. The Republic of Zaire during 1971–1997 was also named after the river, after its name in French and Portuguese.
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The stated purpose of including the Dual_EC_DRBG in NIST SP 800-90A is that its security is based on computational hardness assumptions from number theory. A mathematical security reduction proof can then prove that as long as the number theoretical problems are hard, the random number generator itself is secure. However, the makers of Dual_EC_DRBG did not publish a security reduction for Dual_EC_DRBG, and it was shown soon after the NIST draft was published that Dual_EC_DRBG was indeed not secure, because it output too many bits per round. The output of too many bits (along with carefully chosen elliptic curve points P and Q) is what makes the NSA backdoor possible, because it enables the attacker to revert the truncation by brute force guessing.
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Linked with US 395, this road also connects Los Angeles with such places as Mammoth Mountain, Mono Lake, Yosemite National Park and Reno, Nevada. SR 14 was part of US 6 prior to truncation in 1964, when US 6 was a coast-to-coast route from Long Beach to Provincetown, Massachusetts. The non-freeway segment of SR 14 from Silver Queen Road north of Rosamond to Mojave is known as Sierra Highway, as is the old routing between I-5 and Silver Queen Road where SR 14 has been moved to a newer freeway alignment. Portions of SR 14 remain signed with names associated with US 6, including Midland Trail, Theodore Roosevelt Highway, and Grand Army of the Republic Highway.
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Ergo decedo, Latin for "therefore leave" or "then go off", a truncation of argumentum ergo decedo, and colloquially denominated the traitorous critic fallacy, denotes responding to the criticism of a critic by implying that the critic is motivated by undisclosed favorability or affiliation to an out- group, rather than responding to the criticism itself. The fallacy implicitly alleges that the critic does not appreciate the values and customs of the criticized group or is traitorous, and thus suggests that the critic should avoid the question or topic entirely, typically by leaving the criticized group. Argumentum ergo decedo is generally categorized as a species of informal fallacy and more specifically as a species of the subclass of ad hominem informal fallacies.
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SGM Technology for Lighting was founded in 1978 in Italy, by Gabriele Giorgi and Maurizio Guidi — the company name a truncation of ‘Societa Gabriele Maurizio’. In the early days they were known for producing a diverse catalogue of products for the emerging disco industry — ranging from illuminated dancefloor modules, ‘bubblesmoke’ machines and controllers — from their base in Pesaro. In April 2009 ownership was passed by president Gabriele Giorgi and his daughter Alessandra to long- standing Italian pro audio company, RCF Group. Peter Johansen was brought in to head up R&D; in late 2010 — marking his return to the industry following a ten year absence, after earlier setting up Martin Professional which he subsequently floated on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange.
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It is advantageous to use truncation in memorizing if the individual intends to study more places later on, otherwise one will be remembering erroneous digits. Another mnemonic is: : The point I said a blind Bulgarian in France would know In this mnemonic the word "point" represents the decimal point itself. Yet another example is: :How I wish I could recollect, of circle round, the exact relation Arkimedes (or Archimede) learned In this example, the spelling of Archimedes is normalised to nine. (Although 'Archimedes' is, today, a more correct spelling of the ancient Greek mathematician's name in English, Archimede is also often seen when this mnemonic is given, since Archimède is the more correct spelling in some languages, such as French.) Longer mnemonics employ the same concept.
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In 1968 and 1971, cuts were made to the services as the railcars wore out, and on 6 November 1972, they were cancelled entirely on the Wellington to Napier run and replaced by the Endeavour, which was modelled on the successful Southerner. Railcars survived on the run through to Gisborne until 30 May 1976, when they were replaced by an extension of the Endeavour. It ran once daily in each direction, but its quality gradually declined during the 1980s as rolling stock was reallocated to other trains; this included the removal of a buffet car, necessitating lengthy refreshment stops in Napier and Palmerston North. On 8 March 1988, Cyclone Bola significantly damaged the line between Napier and Gisborne, resulting in the truncation of passenger services to Napier.
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A TLS (logout) truncation attack blocks a victim's account logout requests so that the user unknowingly remains logged into a web service. When the request to sign out is sent, the attacker injects an unencrypted TCP FIN message (no more data from sender) to close the connection. The server therefore doesn't receive the logout request and is unaware of the abnormal termination. Published in July 2013, the attack causes web services such as Gmail and Hotmail to display a page that informs the user that they have successfully signed-out, while ensuring that the user's browser maintains authorization with the service, allowing an attacker with subsequent access to the browser to access and take over control of the user's logged-in account.
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At the 2015 election, Baird led the Liberal-National Coalition to a second term. The main policy that dominated the election was Baird's unpopular policy to lease 49% of the state's electricity distribution network, known as the "poles and wires" in the form of a 99-year lease to the private sector and use the proceeds to invest in new road, public transport, water, health and education infrastructure. Other regional policies centred around the Baird Government's truncation of the Central Coast & Newcastle Railway Line at Wickham and its replacement with the $130 million light rail system and associated transport interchange as part of a broader revitilisation of the Newcastle city centre. Coal Seam Gas was a likewise major regional issue in northern New South Wales.
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Therefore, it is almost always preferable to use a scale factor that is a power of two. It may still be possible to lose bits that get shifted right off the end of the field as a result of truncation, but this avoids introducing new bits that will be imprecise (due to rounding error) or truncated. As an illustration the use of powers of two in the scale factor, a scale factor of can be applied to the above data set. The binary values for the original data set are given below: 154 = 1001 1010 101 = 0110 0101 54 = 0011 0110 3 = 0000 0011 0 = 0000 0000 160 = 1010 0000 Being integers between 0 and 255, these all can be represented precisely with 8 bits.
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The alignment of U.S. Route 130 remained along the alignment of Route 171 for several years, and by 1940, the northern alignment of Route 171 was designated as Route 25M. In the 1953 renumbering, Route 25M was redesignated Route 171, when Route 25 was decommissioned. Prior to the truncation of Route 171 to North Brunswick by 2019, the Route 171 was carried along the county and city-maintained Georges Road, Commercial Avenue (renamed to Paul Robeson Boulevard in 2019), Suydam Street, Livingston Avenue, and George Street (the final street concurrent with CR 527) before ending at Albany Street (Route 27). With a small extension to the US 130 ramp to US 1 north at its southern end, the total length of the original route was .
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New York State Route 243 (NY 243) is a east-west state highway in the Southern Tier of New York in the United States. It begins at an intersection with NY 98 in the town of Freedom and proceeds southeastward across mostly rural areas of Cattaraugus and Allegany counties to Rushford Lake. From here, the highway turns eastward into the town of Caneadea, where it ends at a junction with NY 19\. NY 243 has been altered since it was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, specifically a truncation from Farmersville to NY 98 in Freedom. The junction with between NY 98 and NY 243 was reconstructed in the middle of the 20th century.
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The job of CLFS, like any other transactional logging system, is to record a series of steps required for some action so that they can be either played back accurately in the future to commit the transaction to secondary storage or undone if required. CLFS first marshals logs records to in-memory buffers and then writes them to log-files on secondary storage (stable media in CLFS terminology) for permanent persistence. When the data will be flushed to stable media is controlled by built-in policies, but a CLFS client application can override that and force a flush. CLFS allows for customizable log formats, expansion and truncation of logs according to defined policies, as well as simultaneous use by multiple client applications.
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The exact values words, words and words would then be described as "32K", "65K" and "131K". (If these values had been rounded to nearest they would have become 33K, 66K, and 131K, respectively.) This style was used from about 1965 to 1975. These two styles (K = 1024 and truncation) were used loosely around the same time, sometimes by the same company. In discussions of binary-addressed memories, the exact size was evident from context. (For memory sizes of "41K" and below, there is no difference between the two styles.) The HP 21MX real-time computer (1974) denoted (which is 192×1024) as "196K" and as "1M", while the HP 3000 business computer (1973) could have "64K", "96K", or "128K" bytes of memory.
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Amtrak restored the Palmetto name on May 1, 2002, after it removed the sleepers and dining car from the train, although it continued serving Florida. On November 1, 2004, Amtrak truncated the Palmetto to Savannah, Georgia, operating a daytime schedule to and from New York (as it had prior to 1994). With the truncation to Savannah, the Silver Star was rerouted to serve Tampa; the old Jacksonville-Lakeland route is now served by a Thruway Motorcoach bus transfer from the Silver Star, which serves all the former stations as well as Gainesville. In the January 2011 issue of Trains magazine, this route was listed as one of five routes to be looked at by Amtrak in FY 2011 as the previous five routes (Sunset, Eagle, Zephyr, Capitol, and Cardinal) were examined in FY 2010.
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The relative frequency of postholes as a feature in most eras combined with a lack of good information on the phasing of postholes, which often occurs onsite due to horizontal truncation or a failure to spot postholes at the level they were cut from, can lead to a clutter of postholes that invites imaginative interpretations. The human mind seems quite capable of creating patterns and the temptation to see structures that are not there or tenuous at best is quite strong. It is considered good practice that supporting evidence from multiple sources on site like the perceived structures alignments with other features onsite should be taken into account before any hard interpretation is made as to whether postholes with no stratigraphic relationship to each other are truly associated.
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A long, rambling timber and corrugated iron building sheltered by a combination of gable, sawtooth and skillion roofs, the former joinery complex steps down the slope from a ridge along King Street at the northwest end of Cooran. The property is set against a backdrop of treed mountains and grassed paddocks to the south, has small scale domestic/commercial buildings adjacent and overlooks the railway to the north. The building now accommodates an antique shop at street level and a joinery workshop and timber working areas below. Approximately long and wide with a truncation to the northeast, the building is organised over three levels - the former joinery workshop at street level, the former pre-cut house fabrication workshop to the middle and the sawmilling area at the lower level.
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Something of an anomaly in Midwestern America, For Against—especially early in its career—has looked to a distinctly British aesthetic for inspiration, most obviously the post-punk scene exemplified by the early rosters of the Factory and 4AD record labels. Featuring members of underground Lincoln bands Cartoon Pupils and Hymn to Joy, the band first called itself Glue, and then D.B.L., finally settling on Four Against One, a name that reflected its status as a quintet at the time. Bassist Liz Panarelli's early departure gave way to keyboardist Jeffrey Runnings' shift to bass, as well as the band's truncation of its name to For Against. By 1985, singer Jon Fynbu had departed as well, leaving the core trio of guitarist Harry Dingman III, drummer Gregory Hill and bassist Jeffrey Runnings.
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As well as phosphorylation, truncation through proteases such as calpains, and nitration, probably through nitric oxide (NO) or other reactive nitrogen species that are present during inflammation, all modify synuclein such that it has a higher tendency to aggregate. The addition of ubiquitin (shown as a black spot) to Lewy bodies is probably a secondary process to deposition. On the right are some of the proposed cellular targets for α-synuclein mediated toxicity, which include (from top to bottom) ER-golgi transport, synaptic vesicles, mitochondria and lysosomes and other proteolytic machinery. In each of these cases, it is proposed that α-synuclein has detrimental effects, listed below each arrow, although at this time it is not clear if any of these are either necessary or sufficient for toxicity in neurons.
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While candidate solutions with a higher fitness will be less likely to be eliminated, there is still a chance that they may be eliminated because their probability of selection is less than 1 (or 100%). Contrast this with a less sophisticated selection algorithm, such as truncation selection, which will eliminate a fixed percentage of the weakest candidates. With fitness proportionate selection there is a chance some weaker solutions may survive the selection process. This is because even though the probability that the weaker solutions will survive is low, it is not zero which means it is still possible they will survive; this is an advantage, because there is a chance that even weak solutions may have some features or characteristics which could prove useful following the recombination process.
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A ribosome is a biological machine that utilizes a ribozyme to translate RNA into proteins Although ribozymes are quite rare in most cells, their roles are sometimes essential to life. For example, the functional part of the ribosome, the biological machine that translates RNA into proteins, is fundamentally a ribozyme, composed of RNA tertiary structural motifs that are often coordinated to metal ions such as Mg2+ as cofactors. In a model system, there is no requirement for divalent cations in a five-nucleotide RNA catalyzing trans-phenylalanation of a four- nucleotide substrate with 3 base pairs complementary with the catalyst, where the catalyst/substrate were devised by truncation of the C3 ribozyme. The best-studied ribozymes are probably those that cut themselves or other RNAs, as in the original discovery by Cech and Altman.
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The Gothic Revival structure was constructed of random fieldstone ashlars, capped with sandstone; the roof was slate over an open timber arched frame. A separate chancel was placed on the south end of the building, and a shed-roofed ambulatory was run along the west side to house a side chapel and its altar. An odd detail was a set of dormers in the main west side roof, each with a lancet window; other windows also generally were of the lancet form, including a triple set at either end of the building. A belltower was attached to the northwest corner of the building; its third story, which contained the bell chamber, was topped with a Rhenish helm roof and was made octagonal through the truncation of the four corners.
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A view frustum The appearance of an object in a pyramid of vision When creating a parallel projection, the viewing frustum is shaped like a box as opposed to a pyramid. In 3D computer graphics, the view frustum (also called viewing frustum) is the region of space in the modeled world that may appear on the screen; it is the field of view of a perspective virtual camera system. The view frustum is typically obtained by taking a frustum—that is a truncation with parallel planes—of the pyramid of vision, which is the adaptation of (idealized) cone of vision that a camera or eye would have to the rectangular viewports typically used in computer graphics. Some authors use pyramid of vision as a synonym for view frustum itself, i.e.
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Fanciful suggestions for the origin of the name have included a truncation of "God's Plot", as the land belonged to the Bishop of Llandaff in medieval times, and a derivation of plat, meaning a grassy area of land. The name of the original farm would seem to be Middle English "splott", from Old English (speck, blot, patch of land) and the word is to be found in other English place names in the Vale of Glamorgan, Gower, and Pembrokeshire, as well as in Somerset and Devon, in the West Country of England, from where it was presumably introduced by English settlers. It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names. The population of Splott in the United Kingdom Census 2001 was 12,074, in 5,101 households, of which only 183 are detached homes.
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Initial genetic research excluded a role for the melanocortin 1 receptor and the Agouti locus as being the cause of the black dilution trait in dogs.J.A. Kerns, M. Oliver, G. Lust and G. S. Barsh, "Exclusion of Melanocortin-1 Receptor (Mc1r) and Agouti as Candidates for Dominant Black in Dogs", Journal of Heredity, 94: 75-79 (2003) Instead, TYRP1 (tyrosinase related protein 1) was found to be responsible. This enzyme is localised to melanosomes, the cellular organelles that produce and store pigments, and serves to catalyze oxidation of eumelanin precursors. In dogs, three mutations in the TYRP1 gene have been identified, one resulting in a truncation of the protein, the other two leading to an amino acid deletion or a single amino acid substitution in the sequence of the protein.
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The square roots and reciprocals of successive natural numbers do not obey this law. Telephone directories violate Benford's law because the (local) numbers have a mostly fixed length and do not start with the long-distance prefix (in the North American Numbering Plan, the digit 1).The North American Numbering Plan uses 1 as a long distance prefix, and much of the rest of the world reserves it to begin special 3-digit numbers like 112 (emergency telephone number). Benford's law is violated by the populations of all places with a population of at least 2500 individuals from five US states according to the 1960 and 1970 censuses, where only 19% began with digit 1 but 20% began with digit 2, because truncation at 2500 introduces statistical bias.
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In common with other picornaviruses, the capsid of BEV is composed of 60 copies of each of four structural proteins, VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4, in icosahedral symmetry, at about 27 nm in diameter, and enclosing a single stranded positive sense RNA genome of about 7,500 bases. The capsid is not enveloped and roughly spherical with an outer radius of 159 Ångströms and an inner radius of 107 Å. The outer surface of BEV is smoother than the closely related poliovirus due to the truncation of surface protein loops in BEV. It is also smoother than the related human rhinovirus due to the extension of a surface loop in BEV. The three antigenic sites of BEV all occur on a surface ridge at the junction between VP1, VP2, and VP3.
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The Maggie Hays orebody sits upon the upper surface of an overturned sequence of komatiitic ultramafic cumulates dipping west at between 65 and 75 degrees. The ultramafic body is in the form of a 'keel', with a southward plunging folded surface pinching out the northern end of the resource, where it enters a heterogeneously sheared structure. The ultramafic sequence is folded at its down-dip termination, where it enters a shear, with remobilised sulfides forming a discontinuous remobilised stringer ore zone of low grade. A proposed 'shelf fault' terminates the down dip portion of the ultramafic in the south of the MAggie Hays portion of the CUU, however it is equally likely that a porpoising hinge to the syncline could equally well explain the apparent truncation of the depth of the orebody in the south.
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Signs indicating I-95/Connecticut Turnpike as an east–west route existed in places until the early 1990s, when the remaining east–west signage was replaced by north–south signage. From Waterford to Killingly, the turnpike was initially designated as Route 52 in 1967, following the opening of the toll-free section of Route 52 from Killingly to the Massachusetts border. To accommodate the truncation of the Hartford to Providence extension of I-84 to Killingly, following Rhode Island's cancellation of its portion of that extension in the early 1980s, Route 52 was to be re-designated as an Interstate. Initially, Connecticut and Massachusetts requested that the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) extend the I-290 designation southward along free Route 52 and the Connecticut Turnpike to I-95 in Waterford.
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The first version of the medal has a raised rim and shows King George V bareheaded, facing left. It is inscribed "GEORGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND: IMP:" around the perimeter. The initials "BM" on the truncation of the King's neck are those of the designer of the obverse, Bertram Mackennal, an Australian sculptor.Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, (MUP), 1986 – Mackennal, Sir Edgar Bertram (1863–1931), article by Noel S. Hutchison (Accessed 14 June 2015)Cultman Collectables – George V Royal Air Force Long Service and Good Conduct Medal (Accessed 15 June 2015) The medal has a swiveling ornamented scroll pattern suspender, attached to the medal with a single-toe claw and a horizontal pin through the upper edge of the medal, with double scroll claw supports on the medal rim.
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The adult, or mature ascoceroid conch, as it is referred to, typically consists of an expanded exogastric brevicone with unique features. The apical end is formed by the septum of truncation which is about three times as thick as normal internal septa and about as thick as the external shell itself. The septa become confined to the dorsal side of the shell resulting in a series of dorsal chambers, or camerae, that provided stabilizing buoyancy. The ascocerid shell, or conch, is the thinnest and most fragile of any orthocone or cyrtocone of comparable size,Rousseau H Flower; p 542, Ordovician Cephalopod Faunas and Their Role in Correlation; in The Ordovician System: proceedings of a Palaeontological Association symposium, University of Wales Press and the National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, 1976 which accounts for their rarity.
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A DDS has many advantages over its analog counterpart, the phase-locked loop (PLL), including much better frequency agility, improved phase noise, and precise control of the output phase across frequency switching transitions. Disadvantages include spurious responses mainly due to truncation effects in the NCO, crossing spurs resulting from high order (>1) Nyquist images, and a higher noise floor at large frequency offsets due mainly to the digital-to-analog converter. Because a DDS is a sampled system, in addition to the desired waveform at output frequency Fout, Nyquist images are also generated (the primary image is at Fclk-Fout, where Fclk is the reference clock frequency). In order to reject these undesired images, a DDS is generally used in conjunction with an analog reconstruction lowpass filter as shown in Figure 1.
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Bronze plaque at the junction of US 62 and NY 391 denoting construction of the highway, dating to 1910 What is now NY 391 was originally designated as part of NY 62, a highway extending from Great Valley north to Buffalo, in the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. US 62 was extended into New York ; as a result, all of NY 62 south of Athol Springs was redesignated as NY 75 to eliminate numerical duplication with the U.S. Highway. US 219 was extended into New York , overlapping NY 75 between Great Valley and Hamburg. The overlap was eliminated by 1940 following the truncation of NY 75 to what had been the west end of its overlap with US 62 through Hamburg. In the early 1970s, construction began on the Southern Expressway, a limited-access highway connecting Buffalo to Springville.
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The SafetyLit database contains more than 602,000 journal articles (as of 1 August 2019) with more than 400 recently published articles and gray literature items being added each week. The database may be searched by author name or textword using the basic search screen or, if the advanced search screen is used, by author name, author ORCID ID number, textword (with wildcard characters and truncation), hybrid textword+synonyms, or journal using Boolean operators. The textword+synonyms search uses the SafetyLit Thesaurus to allow a query to take advantage of synonym ring and hierarchical term searching. The synonym ring function allows a searcher to use a single known textword such as 'baby walker' to substitute for doing a series of regular textword searches using the 41 other terms by which the device has been labeled in academic or law journal articles.
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Chang misquotes dan'gan 丹矸 "cinnabar rock" from the Xunzi as dan'gan 丹玕 "cinnabar gan", and cites one textual occurrence of the term. The Shangqing Daoist Dadong zhenjing 大洞真經 Authentic Scripture of the Great Cavern records a heavenly palace named Dan'gan dian 丹玕殿 Basilica of the Cinnabar Gan. Admitting the possibility of interpreting gan 玕 as a monosyllabic truncation for langgan 琅玕, comparable with reading hongpo 红珀 for honghupo 红琥珀 "red amber", Schafer concludes there is insufficient dan'gan evidence for an explicit red variety of langgan (1978: 28). The lyrical term langgan occurs 87 times in the huge Quan Tangshi collection of Tang poetry, with only two hong langgen 紅琅玕 "red langgan" usages by the Buddhist monk-poets Guanxiu (831-912) and Ji Qi 齊己 (863-937).
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In statistics, a truncated distribution is a conditional distribution that results from restricting the domain of some other probability distribution. Truncated distributions arise in practical statistics in cases where the ability to record, or even to know about, occurrences is limited to values which lie above or below a given threshold or within a specified range. For example, if the dates of birth of children in a school are examined, these would typically be subject to truncation relative to those of all children in the area given that the school accepts only children in a given age range on a specific date. There would be no information about how many children in the locality had dates of birth before or after the school's cutoff dates if only a direct approach to the school were used to obtain information.
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However, when it was moved to Water Street in 1925 a new rear area and kitchen appear to have been built. Despite this, the front four rooms and front verandah of the current cottage at Water Street date from at least 1885, and possibly the late 1870s. After the Boundary Street buildings and Queensland's other defence assets passed to the Commonwealth in March 1901, some changes were made to the orderly room, which by June 1902 served "A" and "B" Squadrons of the 1st Battalion, Queensland Mounted Infantry. The orderly room (actually a building comprising three rooms, including an office, store and orderly room) was extended , with the addition of a Quartermaster Sergeant's store at the east end, which required a truncation of the adjacent stables, and a new front verandah with two sets of steps.
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On October 23, 2012, the European Court of Human Rights found that Pichugin's trials in his first case violated his human rights, a decision that became final on March 18, 2013. The European Court found violations of article 5 paragraph 1 of European Convention on Human Rights based on unreasonable delay following Pichugin's arrest, during which he was held in an FSB detention facility and interrogated. The European Court further found violation of article 6 paragraph 1 of the Convention, based on the secrecy of both the trial and Pichugin's domestic appeal, which were each conducted in secret without access by the public or media. Critically, the European Court also found that the trial court's truncation of cross-examination of the government's key “confessor” witness violated article 6 paragraphs 1 and 3 of the Convention, requiring a new trial.
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Britain J. Williams III is a Professor Emeritus of computer science at Kennesaw State UniversityBrit Williams Biography from the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Georgia, and is consultantKennesaw State's Center for Election Systems with the school's Center For Election Systems. He has bachelor's and master's degrees in mathematics from the University of Georgia, and a PhD is in Statistics Transcript of testimony before the Election Assistance Commission, June 15, 2006 from the University of Georgia in 1965.The Effect of Truncation on Tests of Hypothesis for Normal Populations, PhD Thesis, University of Georgia, 1964 He joined the faculty of (then) Kennesaw State College in 1990.Kennesaw State University 2001-02 Graduate Faculty He was a consultant to the FEC during the development of the FEC Voting System Standards in 1990 and again in 2002.
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In mathematics, the Arthur–Selberg trace formula is a generalization of the Selberg trace formula from the group SL2 to arbitrary reductive groups over global fields, developed by James Arthur in a long series of papers from 1974 to 2003. It describes the character of the representation of G(A) on the discrete part L(G(F)∖G(A)) of L2(G(F)∖G(A)) in terms of geometric data, where G is a reductive algebraic group defined over a global field F and A is the ring of adeles of F. There are several different versions of the trace formula. The first version was the unrefined trace formula, whose terms depend on truncation operators and have the disadvantage that they are not invariant. Arthur later found the invariant trace formula and the stable trace formula which are more suitable for applications.
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At some point between the realignment and the mid-1970s the road was redesignated SR 989 (the old number was subsequently applied to West Dixie Highway in North Miami in 1983). Since Hurricane Andrew and subsequent closure of Homestead Air Force Base, SR 989 was truncated to the corner of Allapattah Road and Moody Drive (a handful of SR 989 signs remained on Moody Drive as late as 2002); afterwards, there was another truncation to the Turnpike. In 1999, the Miami-Dade County Board of County Commissioners accepted a proposal for extending a four-lane Allapattah Road southward to intersect with an extended four-lane Biscayne Drive (South 288th Street), itself Former State Road 579. While the latter has since been resurfaced, there has been no further action on this matter as the developer of the area, Homestead Air Base Developers, Inc.
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In the Wapiti Trackway A, the second digit of the left foot appears consistently truncated in both footprints #1 and #3, suggesting that the foot of the track- maker was injured in some way. The truncation suggests either the amputation of the claw and associated toe bone (phalanx) or a deformation or dislocation that kept the outer toe from contacting the ground, although the rough and uneven margin of the 'nub' at the tip of the impression suggests that the former is more likely from the loss of tissue and bone. Despite this, the dimensions of the trackway indicate that the injury did not negatively impact the animal's locomotion, with only a slight outward rotation of the right foot to compensate. The animal was otherwise moving at a similar speed and gait to the those that produced the other trackways.
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The station's signal box, located at the station's western end at Stewart Avenue, was replaced in the 1960s with a building recognised as Australia's first television-equipped level crossing. Plans to truncate the Newcastle railway line put the future of the station in doubt in the early 21st century, and despite upgrades to the station in 2007, a newly elected government in 2011 committed to the redevelopment of Newcastle's urban developments and public transport network, including the truncation of the Newcastle line past Stewart Avenue. The station was closed as a result, in December 2014, to make way for a redeveloped Wickham station and transport interchange, along with a new light rail network. The station structure was demolished in May 2017 to make way for the new light rail depot to be situated on the site.
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A three-phased sequence In archaeology, a phase refers to the logical reduction of contexts recorded during excavation to nearly contemporary archaeological horizons that represent a distinct "phase" of previous land use. These often but not always will be a representation of a former land surface or occupation level and all associated features that were created into or from this point in time. A simplified description of phase would be that "a phase is a view of a given archaeological site as it would have been at time X". Examples of phases that would have no associated occupation surfaces are phases of a site that have been horizontally truncated by later phases and only elements surviving of the truncated phase are those that were below ground level and the subsequent truncation at that time. Subsequent or earlier phases are representations in changing occupation patterns and land use over time.
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GVRD (1975), p.24 thereby reinstating passenger rail service on the corridor. The provincial government eventually took over the project, which evolved into the Vancouver SkyTrain's Expo Line.GVRD (1975), p.65 New Westminster to Queensborough The tracks from New Westminster to Queensborough and the 'Railway Bridge' across the north arm of the Fraser River are still in operation today, as part of the Southern Railway of British Columbia. New Westminster to Fraser Mills Opened in 1912, construction of ramps leading to and from the new Pattullo Bridge resulted in the closure of the Queensborough and Fraser Mills lines in 1937, as well as the truncation of the Burnaby Lake line to Sapperton. Victoria to Deep Bay Now called Deep Cove, the Victoria to Deep Cove line (1913), was one of three passenger railways to serve the Saanich Peninsula, and was closed on November 1, 1924 due to low ridership.
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Utah truncated US 163 at Bluff. The truncation was made without approval from AASHTO, as the AASHTO logs placed the northern terminus of US 163 at I-70 at Crescent Junction. View of Monument Valley in Utah, looking south on US 163 The state of Utah signed a joint intent with the Navajo Nation and San Juan County in 1986 to construct a new highway to connect Bluff with Montezuma Creek. Businesses in Monument Valley asked the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) to request extensions of US 163 and US 666 using this new road. The proposal would have US 163 run from Cedar City to US 160 near Cortez, Colorado along the routes of State Route 14, U.S. Route 89, Arizona State Route 98, U.S. Route 160, the current US 163, the new road from Bluff to Montezuma Creek, and Colorado State Highway 41.
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The long-term outlook strategy paid off with the club finishing second in the 2007–08 National season, thus returning to Ligue 2, where the club remained for ten years until relegated to Championnat National following a last place finish in the 2017-2018 campaign. The club were relegated again at the end of the 2018–19 Championnat National season, and were further relegated administratively by the DNCG, confirmed by appeal on 11 July 2019, forcing them to play at the fifth level Championnat National 3 in the 2019–20 season. In April 2020, after the truncation of the season due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Tours expected to be promoted back to Championnat National 2, due to being placed top of their group at the time the season was stopped. However, on 15 June 2020, The DNCG committee of the FFF denied their promotion.
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These changes were also applied to a scene which a Supermarine Spitfire drops propaganda leaflets on Bab El Ehr's camp: in the earlier versions, the plane is British and Bab El Ehr threatens to shoot anyone who reads the leaflets; in the revised scene, the plane is from an unidentified rival Arabic nation and Bab El Ehr laughs off the bombardment as his men are illiterate. As a result of the truncation of Tintin's kidnapping, which now occurs two pages earlier than in the second version, the Thompsons' crash into a palm tree in the desert now takes place after the aforementioned scene. Background details was changed accordingly, with Jewish shop fronts with Hebrew signage being removed, and the nonsensical pseudo-Arabic script from the earlier versions was replaced with real Arabic text. The political rivalry between Britain and Germany that was present in the earlier versions was also toned down.
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The perimeter of the base of a cone is called the "directrix", and each of the line segments between the directrix and apex is a "generatrix" or "generating line" of the lateral surface. (For the connection between this sense of the term "directrix" and the directrix of a conic section, see Dandelin spheres.) The "base radius" of a circular cone is the radius of its base; often this is simply called the radius of the cone. The aperture of a right circular cone is the maximum angle between two generatrix lines; if the generatrix makes an angle θ to the axis, the aperture is 2θ. Illustration from Problemata mathematica... published in Acta Eruditorum, 1734 A cone with a region including its apex cut off by a plane is called a "truncated cone"; if the truncation plane is parallel to the cone's base, it is called a frustum.
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When no truncation or censoring occurs, the Kaplan–Meier curve is the complement of the empirical distribution function. In medical statistics, a typical application might involve grouping patients into categories, for instance, those with Gene A profile and those with Gene B profile. In the graph, patients with Gene B die much quicker than those with Gene A. After two years, about 80% of the Gene A patients survive, but less than half of patients with Gene B. To generate a Kaplan–Meier estimator, at least two pieces of data are required for each patient (or each subject): the status at last observation (event occurrence or right-censored), and the time to event (or time to censoring). If the survival functions between two or more groups are to be compared, then a third piece of data is required: the group assignment of each subject.
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Despite the well-established need to replace `strcat` and `strcpy` with functions that do not allow buffer overflows, no accepted standard has arisen. This is partly due to the mistaken belief by many C programmers that `strncat` and `strncpy` have the desired behavior; however, neither function was designed for this (they were intended to manipulate null-padded fixed-size string buffers, a data format less commonly used in modern software), and the behavior and arguments are non-intuitive and often written incorrectly even by expert programmers. The most popular replacement are the `strlcat` and `strlcpy` functions, which appeared in OpenBSD 2.4 in December, 1998. These functions always write one NUL to the destination buffer, truncating the result if necessary, and return the size of buffer that would be needed, which allows detection of the truncation and provides a size for creating a new buffer that will not truncate.
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The effect of this truncation left numerous AER organizational efforts and potentially supportive USAID missions in the lurch.Letter- Andrew S. Natsios, Assistant Administrator/AID/FHA to N.E. Hollis, AER May 21, 1992 (Declining further AID support due to bureaucratic shifts)Agri-Energy Africa Bulletin, Winter/Spring 1993World Agriculture, “Aspects of the Agriculture and Energy Relationship”, N.E.Hollis, (May 1993) Letter- Ahmed Diraige (Former governor, Darfur/Sudan) to Andrew S.Natsios Assistant Administrator/AID/FHA, April 8, 1992Press Release – Caribbean Agricultural Communications Services, Ltd. “New Agro- Industry Link for Jamaica Formed”, April 28, 1992 AER's track record for assisting in the creation of agricultural associations, themselves seen as key barometers of societal health, seemed to demand more official support. Thus the government's posture became particularly troubling.Letter-US Senator Mark O. Hatfield to Mark Edelman, Act’g Administrator, AID, March 8, 1990Business America, “Agribusiness Mission Assesses Opportunities and Needs in Poland”, May 7, 1990, p.
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Under the Check 21 Act, all U.S. paper checks and check-like instruments are eligible for truncation and reconversion to substitute checks, including consumer (personal) checks, commercial (business) checks, money orders, traveler's checks, cash advance or convenience checks tied to credit and charge card accounts, controlled disbursement checks, and payable through drafts, in addition to government warrants and U.S. Treasury checks. The Check 21 Act permits any financial institution (such as a commercial bank or credit union) that participates in the check collection process to remove or truncate the original paper check from the forward collection or return process and reconvert the paper check to a substitute check. The removal of the original paper check from either process does not require an existing agreement beforehand between the bank of first deposit (BOFD) and the "paying bank." The elimination of the paper check from the clearing process saves the banking and treasury management industries handling, sorting, transporting, storing, safeguarding, and mailing costs.
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The concept of creating seriation diagrams of archaeological strata based on the physical relationship between strata had had some currency in Winchester and other urban centres in England prior to Harris's formalisation. One of the results of Harris's work, however, was the realisation that sites had to be excavated stratigraphically, in the reverse order to that in which they were created, without the use of arbitrary measures of stratification such as spits or planums. In his Principles of archaeological stratigraphy Harris first proposed the need for each unit of stratification to have its own graphic representation, usually in the form of a measured plan. In articulating the laws of archaeological stratigraphy and developing a system in which to demonstrate simply and graphically the sequence of deposition or truncation on a site, Harris, it has been argued, has followed in the footsteps of the truly great stratigraphic archaeologists such as Mortimer Wheeler, without necessarily being a great excavator himself.
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Cheque sample for a fictional bank in Canada showing the MICR encoding used during clearing to route the cheque to the appropriate bank Cheque clearing (or check clearing in American English) or bank clearance is the process of moving cash (or its equivalent) from the bank on which a cheque is drawn to the bank in which it was deposited, usually accompanied by the movement of the cheque to the paying bank, either in the traditional physical paper form or digitally under a cheque truncation system. This process is called the clearing cycle and normally results in a credit to the account at the bank of deposit, and an equivalent debit to the account at the bank on which it was drawn, with a corresponding adjustment of accounts of the banks themselves. If there are not enough funds in the account when the cheque arrived at the issuing bank, the cheque would be returned as a dishonoured cheque marked as non-sufficient funds.
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Carinated "burin"/microblade core with multiple facets Burin usage is diagnostic of Upper Palaeolithic cultures in Europe, but archaeologists have also identified it in North American cultural assemblages, and in his book Early Man in China, Jia Lanpo of Beijing University lists dihedral burins and burins for truncation among artifacts uncovered along the banks of the Liyigon river near Xujiayao. Burins are diagnostic tools associated with compound microblade projectile technology, found with microblade cores and/or microblades. Their purpose is interpreted as both a rapid retouch and hafting preparation strategy for blade-based edge tools and bifaces and as a class of dedicated flake or blade-based tools used to insert microblades and other microliths into organic armatures. Dihedral burin on a blade An example of a type of burin diagnostic of the archaeological stratum where they are found is the "Noailles" burin, named for its original find- site, the Grotte de Noailles, in the commune of Brive-la-Gaillarde, Corrèze, in southwestern France.
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In computer science, phrase searching allows users to retrieve content from information systems (such as documents from file storage systems, records from databases, and web pages on the internet) that contains a specific order and combination of words defined by the user. Phrase search is one of many search operators that are standard in search engine technology, along with Boolean operators (AND, OR, and NOT), truncation and wildcard operators (commonly represented by the asterisk symbol), field code operators (which look for specific words in defined fields, such as the Author field in a periodical database), and proximity operators (which look for defined words that appear close to one another, if not directly next to each other as in a phrase search). Search operators are used to refine a search when a simple keyword search provides too many unwanted results. Although the exact functionality of each search engine is determined by its developers, phrase searching is normally accomplished by wrapping the desired phrase in quotation marks.
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This plan did not eventuate, but rather the replacement of the original Scott Street verandah by the current enclosed brick structure and the extension of the single dining room to three storeys. Most of the internal partitions and staircases were constructed during this time. The first floor of the 1878 building was converted to staff bedrooms, and a scullery and change rooms were added. Further minor changes were made during the 1940s and 1950s and the last major works before closure occurred in 1980.EJE Architecture 1996 On 20 September 1987, the diesel multiple unit depot was relocated to Broadmeadow and later redeveloped as a bus station and park land."Broadmeadow Loco Depot" Railway Digest December 1987 page 399"Newcastle Terminal Commissioned" Fleetline issue 257 November 1998 page 204 On the 14 December 2014, hundreds travelled to the city by train to make up the over 3,500 people who gathered at Pacific Park (cnr Hunter & Pacific Streets) to protest against the proposed truncation of the rail line.
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The state legislature created SR-119 in 1931, connecting SR-11 (US-89, now SR-118) in Richfield to SR-24 through Glenwood. The route was modified to bypass Glenwood in 1959, and a portion of the old route became State Route 263, which began at SR-119 and headed south on Main Street and east on Center Street to 200 East. SR-263 was removed from the state highway system in 1969,Utah Department of Transportation, Highway Resolutions: , updated December 2007, accessed May 2008 and simultaneously, as part of the truncation of SR-11 due to the proposed SR-4 (I-70), SR-119 was extended west over old SR-11 (still signed as US-89) to SR-120. This extension was undone in 1992, when US-89 was moved to follow I-70, and old US-89 through Richfield became SR-118 (also replacing SR-135 and most of SR-258).
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Strong aeromagnetic anomalies in the Strait that curve from Victoria to Discovery Bay (west of Port Townsend) led to early speculation that the LRF, and the eastern limit of the Crescent Formation, ran down Discovery Bay and the west side of Puget Sound, following the edge of a relict continental margin just as the Tofino Fault follows the present margin.;. This alignment through Discovery Bay is what calls the "Cenozoic truncation scar". More recent interpretations of marine seismic reflection studies align the Goldstream arm of the LRF with the Southern Whidbey Island Fault (SWIF), with splays branching towards Discovery Bay.. Discovery of Crescent Formation basalt in an exploration well on Whidbey Island (just east of Port Townsend) has led some writers to locate this extension of the LRF onto the southern part of Whidbey Island, just where the SWIF is found.. While the eastern contact of the Crescent Formation is believed to not extend east Whidbey Island, and may double-back westward under Seattle,. active faulting on the SWIF extends southeast to where it connects with the Rattlesnake Mountain Fault Zone.
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But the exact formulation in the standard was written such that use of the alleged backdoored P and Q was required for FIPS 140-2 validation, so the OpenSSL project chose to implement the backdoored P and Q, even though they were aware of the potential backdoor and would have preferred generating their own secure P and Q. New York Times would later write that NSA had worked during the standardization process to eventually become the sole editor of the standard. A security proof was later published for Dual_EC_DRBG by Daniel R.L. Brown and Kristian Gjøsteen, showing that the generated elliptic curve points would be indistinguishable from uniformly random elliptic curve points, and that if fewer bits were output in the final output truncation, and if the two elliptic curve points P and Q were independent, then Dual_EC_DRBG is secure. The proof relied on the assumption that three problems were hard: the decisional Diffie–Hellman assumption (which is generally accepted to be hard), and two newer less-known problems which are not generally accepted to be hard: the truncated point problem, and the x-logarithm problem.Kristian Gjøsteen.
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The Boeing Pad Abort Test and Orbital Flight Test were eventually conducted in November and December 2019, though were both mired in technical failures such as the partial deployment of Starliner's parachutes during the Pad Abort Test, and major malfunctions of Starliner's software during the Orbital Flight Test, which precluded an intended docking with the ISS and prompted a truncation of the mission. The Orbital Flight Test was declared a "high-visibility close call" by NASA following an independent review, and a second Orbital Flight Test is currently scheduled for late 2020, with Boeing covering the cost of the flight in lieu of additional CCDev funding. Amid further uncertainties about the Commercial Crew Program's progress, NASA purchased a seat on the Soyuz MS-17 mission to ensure participation in Expedition 64 in the event that operational missions in the program are further delayed, with the purchase of additional Soyuz seats beyond MS-17 being described as a possibility. The SpaceX In-Flight Abort Test was successfully conducted in January 2020, setting the stage for the final, crewed test flight of Crew Dragon – SpaceX Demo-2 – which launched astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley to the ISS in May 2020.
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A nonsense mutation E180X in the exon 11 of TNNT1 gene causes Amish Nemaline Myopathy (ANM), which is a severe form of recessive nemaline myopathy originally found in the Old Order Amish population in Pennsylvania, USA. Truncation of the ssTnT polypeptide chain by the E180X mutation deletes the tropomyosin-binding site 2 as well as the binding sites for TnI and troponin C (TnC) in the C-terminal region (Fig. 3). Consistent with the recessive phenotype, the truncated ssTnT is incapable of incorporation into the myofilaments and completely degraded in muscle cells. thumbTnnt1 gene targeted mouse studies reproduced the myopathic phenotypes of ANM. ssTnT null mice showed significantly decreased type I slow fibers in diaphragm and soleus muscles with hypertrophy of type II fast fibers, increased fatigability, and active regeneration of slow fibers (Wei, Lu et al. 2014). Recent case reports identified three more mutations in TNNT1 gene to cause nemaline myopathies outside the Amish population. A nonsense mutation S108X in exon 9 was identified in a Hispanic male patient with severe recessive nemaline myopathy phenotype. A Dutch patient with compound heterozygous TNNT1 gene mutations that cause exon 8 and exon 14 deletions also presents nemaline myopathy phenotypes.
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The "truncation" method gradually waned. Capitalization of the letter K became the de facto standard for binary notation, although this could not be extended to higher powers, and use of the lowercase k did persist. Nevertheless, the practice of using the SI-inspired "kilo" to indicate 1024 was later extended to "megabyte" meaning 10242 () bytes, and later "gigabyte" for 10243 () bytes. For example, a "512 megabyte" RAM module is 512×10242 bytes (512 × , or ), rather than . The symbols Kbit, Kbyte, Mbit and Mbyte started to be used as "binary units"—"bit" or "byte" with a multiplier that is a power of 1024—in the early 1970s. For a time, memory capacities were often expressed in K, even when M could have been used: The IBM System/370 Model 158 brochure (1972) had the following: "Real storage capacity is available in 512K increments ranging from 512K to 2,048K bytes." Megabyte was used to describe the 22-bit addressing of DEC PDP-11/70 (1975) and gigabyte the 30-bit addressing DEC VAX-11/780 (1977). In 1998, the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC introduced the binary prefixes kibi, mebi, gibi ... to mean 1024, 10242, 10243 etc.
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In the original Louisiana Highway system in use between 1921 and 1955, the modern LA 108 made up parts of several routes, including State Route 381 from the western terminus in Vinton to the eastern curve at Johnny Breaux Road; State Route 382 to the modern junction with LA 27 and LA 1133 south of Carlyss; State Route 104 to the modern LA 1256 north of Carlyss; State Route C-1352 to the modern LA 1133 northeast of Carlyss; and State Route 382 again from there to the eastern terminus in Sulphur (with the section north of Bayou D'Inde Road later renumbered as State Route C-2102). LA 108 was created with the 1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering, and its route has remained unchanged to the present day except for a small truncation on the western end. The original western terminus of LA 108 was located at the intersection of US 90 and Center Street in Vinton. LA 108 proceeded east on Center Street then turned south onto Gum Cove Road where it met the present western terminus at what is now the I-10 interchange.
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Note that winsorizing is not equivalent to simply excluding data, which is a simpler procedure, called trimming or truncation, but is a method of censoring data. In a trimmed estimator, the extreme values are discarded; in a winsorized estimator, the extreme values are instead replaced by certain percentiles (the trimmed minimum and maximum). Thus a winsorized mean is not the same as a truncated mean. For instance, the 10% trimmed mean is the average of the 5th to 95th percentile of the data, while the 90% winsorized mean sets the bottom 5% to the 5th percentile, the top 5% to the 95th percentile, and then averages the data. In the previous example the trimmed mean would be obtained from the smaller set: :{92, 19, 101, 58, 91, 26, 78, 10, 13, 101, 86, 85, 15, 89, 89, 28, −5, 41} (N = 18, mean = 56.5) In this case, the winsorized mean can equivalently be expressed as a weighted average of the truncated mean and the 5th and 95th percentiles (for the 10% winsorized mean, 0.05 times the 5th percentile, 0.9 times the 10% trimmed mean, and 0.05 times the 95th percentile) though in general winsorized statistics need not be expressible in terms of the corresponding trimmed statistic.
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The law allows the recipient of the original paper check to create a digital version of the original check, a process known as check truncation, into an electronic format called a "substitute check", thereby eliminating the need for further handling of the physical document. The legal protection for an electronic "substitute check" in turn is a key element in the development and growth of mobile banking. Alan Greenspan has called Ferguson "one of the most effective Vice Chairmen in the history of the Federal Reserve." Ferguson proposed the idea of a journal dedicated to central banking theory and practice. The resulting International Journal of Central Banking was announced in 2004 and first published in 2005, with two objectives: to disseminate widely the best policy-relevant research on central banking and to promote communication among central banks. The IJCB has more than 50 sponsoring institutions. With three co-authors, in November 2007 Ferguson published "International Financial Stability", Geneva Report No. 9, dealing with challenges to global financial stability and including observations regarding the liquidity crisis of 2007. Ferguson served as the vice chairman of the Group of 30 study group that published "The Structure of Financial Supervision: Approaches and Challenges in a Global Marketplace".
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The Panhandle Freeway was in the 1948 SF Freeways plan. When I-80 was first approved, it was to begin at planned I-280 (SR 1) in Golden Gate Park, head east on the never-built Panhandle Freeway, then run south and southeast on the Central Freeway (US 101) to the San Francisco Skyway. The Panhandle Freeway was to be routed through Hayes Valley, passing through Golden Gate Park and terminating at proposed I-280, now SR 1. In 1964, community oppositions forced CalTrans to abandon the Panhandle Freeway project. A January 1968 amendment moved I-280 to its present alignment, degraded Interstate 480, to a state highway, and truncated the origin point of I-80 to the Embarcadero Freeway (then I-280, formerly I-480). Prior to that truncation, I-80 had been defined as from "Route 280 in San Francisco to the Nevada state line near Verdi, Nevada, passing near Division Street in San Francisco, passing near Oakland, via Albany, via Sacramento, passing near North Sacramento, passing near Roseville, via Auburn, via Emigrant Gap, via Truckee and via the Truckee River Canyon," and certain maps had been shown of I-80 running concurrently with US 101 to Fell Street.
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As a result, the amount of crime and poverty along US 80 through populated areas grew. Since most of the highway had been replaced with or bypassed by Interstates, western states began viewing the US 80 designation as redundant. Between 1964 and 1969, California retired its section of US 80 in favor of I-8, effectively moving the western end of US 80 to the California state line in Yuma. On October 28, 1977, the Arizona Department of Transportation (also known as ADOT and successor to the Arizona State Highway Department) requested a truncation of US 80 to Benson. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved the request, allowing ADOT remove the designation between Yuma and Benson on September 16. However, US 80 signage remained in place between Yuma and Benson until December 27, 1977, when the ADOT directed state highway maintenance crews to remove all remaining references to the highway. Upon retirement of the designation, the section of US 80 between I-8 Business in Gila Bend and US 60/US 89 at Grand Avenue in Phoenix became a northern extension of SR 85. In 1989, representatives of Arizona and New Mexico at AASHTO requested the elimination of US 80 in both states.
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