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121 Sentences With "treasons"

How to use treasons in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "treasons" and check conjugation/comparative form for "treasons". Mastering all the usages of "treasons" from sentence examples published by news publications.

So these two treasons still hang over Dany's head going into Season 8.
Mark Powell's 2017 novel Small Treasons takes this idea as its starting point.
But the truth is closer to that of John and Tess in Small Treasons.
To do otherwise, I now realize, is to set ourselves up for a lifetime of little treasons.
There have been purges and treasons in the past; now what is demanded—and insidiously enforced—is discipline.
Joffrey punished her for her father and brother's alleged treasons, just to send a message, causing her to beg and plead for mercy.
" As James Madison observed in the Federalist Papers, the Founders insisted upon this narrow definition to prevent the proliferation of "new-fangled and artificial treasons.
Maybe that's why a strain of old-school Calvinist Christianity runs through Small Treasons — not all of us are evil, but all of us are marked, always, by a sin we cannot wash out.
What we badly need is something different: a meritocrat who can commit real treasons against his class, and discover economic and cultural alternatives that the elite ignores and the populists lack the capacity to implement.
Verily experience makes us thereby feele and undergoe many damageable treasons.
Julie P. McFerran, 2003-2004 The most famous public figure to resist the Treasons Act was Sir Thomas More.
It also abolished sanctuary for those accused of high treason. The Treasons Act 1534 was repealed by the Treason Act 1547.
While their numbers did not pose a serious threat to the government, they scared the Rump into action and a Treasons Act was passed against them in 1649.
In 1552 York was pardoned 'for all treasons and offences concerning making and issuing of the king's money', on the condition that he settle his mint accounts for over £9500 'due to the king'.
This he refused, and at the same time removed for safety from his usual place of abode to a dwelling thirty miles away. Hereupon the powerful minister Thomas Cromwell caused the Duke of Norfolk to send him up with a sergeant-at-arms on 8 March. He with Aske and Darcy was committed to the Tower till they should be tried, and meantime Norfolk was directed to say in the north that they were imprisoned, not for their former offences, but for treasons committed since their pardon. What those treasons were the Duke was conveniently forbidden to say.
After Parry's death a work, published, probably, at the instance of the government, and entitled A true and plain Declaration of the Horrible Treasons practised by William Parry, charged him with various atrocious crimes. It also made remarks on his, birth and parentage.
Holborne wrote: # The Reading in Lincolnes Inne, Feb. 28 1041, vpon the Statute . . . of Treasons, Oxford, 1642, 4to: reiessued with Bacon's 'Cases' in 1681. # The Freeholders Grand Inquest touching our souveraigne Lord the King and his Parliament, London, 1647, 4to; a pamphlet upon constitutional questions.
Diego is captured and arrested, and freed by not one but two Zorro figures. Zorro confronts Moncada and forces him to sign the confession of his guilt and treasons, and forces him to return to Spain holding the document in case he becomes a bother.
The following year he was also pardoned for all other "treasons, insurrections, rebellions and felonies".Leslie Hotson, Colfox vs. Chauntecleer, PMLA, 1924, vol 39, pp.762-781 He subsequently appears in records only for minor matters, including debt and tax assessment of his property in Gloucester.
31: HMC Salisbury Hatfield, vol. 14 (London, 1923), p. 343 (CP 205/78). In December 1548, Patrick, Lord Gray of Foulis, was summoned to account for his treasons against the Government of Scotland, and although the French commanders argued for his execution, he was eventually pardoned at Regent Arran's command.
Page 513, membrane 4, 12 Aug 1484 and assigned to investigate certain treasons and offenses committed by William Colingbourne late of Lidyard, Wiltshire; and John Turburville late of Firemayne, Dorset.Great Britain Public Record Office. Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Edward IV, Edward V, and Richard III, 1476-1485. (London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1901).
When Mary I became queen in 1553, she passed an Act abolishing all treasons whatsoever which had been created since 1351.Treason Act 1553 (1 Mar. stat. 1 c. 1) Later that year, however, the offence of forging the Sovereign's sign manual or signet once again became high treason.1 Mar. stat.
At the same time, one of Ivan's advisors, Prince Andrei Kurbsky, defected to the Lithuanians, took command of the Lithuanian troops and devastated the Russian region of Velikiye Luki. That series of treasons made Ivan paranoically suspicious of nobility. The Oprichniki by Nikolai Nevrev. The painting shows the last minutes of boyarin Feodorov, who was arrested for treason.
1 (1386)). The last Act (c.20) made it treason to "pursue to repeal any of these statutes." The new treasons created by Richard were abolished by another Act passed in the first year of his successor, Henry IV (1399), which returned the law of treason to what it had been under the Treason Act 1351.1 Hen.
Small Treasons is a literary thriller set in North Georgia. It tells the story of John and Tess Maynard, whose marriage is tested when one of John's old CIA colleagues asks him to spy on a professor at his university. The novel explores terrorism, ISIS, and the wreck of 21st century America, and the way old sins never leave us.
It is not known if George defied Arran at Stirling. The brothers were duly summoned for treason by Arran's parliament of 6 November 1544. The issues were quickly reconciled, and the Douglas brothers were pardoned by a parliament on 12 December 1544 for recent and previous treasons before 1542.Merriman, Marcus, The Rough Wooings (Tuckwell, East Linton, 2000), pp. 157–8.
During her stay, she convened a meeting of the Privy Council, attended by the nobility of Scotland. Her son, King James VI, visited Edzell twice; on 28 June 1580, and in August 1589.Simpson & Tabraham (2007), p.29 On 5 August 1589 the Earl of Erroll came to James VI at Edzell and submitted to his mercy, while accusing the 6th Earl of Huntly of further treasons.
RE The reason is, your spirits are attentive – HW The man that hath no music in himself, RH Nor is not mov'd with concord of sweet sounds, RE Is fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils; NA The motions of his spirit are dull as night And his affections dark as Erebus: Let no such man be trusted. MBr Music! hark! It is your music of the house.
Religious persecution of Catholics in Ireland began under King Henry VIII (then Lord of Ireland) after his excommunication in 1533. The Irish Parliament adopted the Acts of Supremacy, establishing the king's ecclesiastical supremacy. Some priests, bishops, and those who continued to pray for the pope were tortured and killed. The Treasons Act 1534 caused any act of allegiance to the pope to be considered treason.
142 tolerated by Parliament, which sometimes even enshrined these new constructive treasons in new statutes — imprisoning the king became written into the Treason Acts of 1661 and 1795. By the nineteenth century, however, Parliament had established itself as the main source of new crimes, as the volume of legislation increased, and the ancient common law tradition of judges creating new crimes fell into disuse.
MacMahon had already been hanged. The peerage in Maguire’s case made a difficulty. There were precedents for trying in England treasons committed in Ireland; that being admitted as good law, it was easy to show that an Irish peer was a commoner in England, and as such Maguire was tried. Many points of law were raised, but he was sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered.
The post-war discussions in China were primarily about the complexity of political engagements and acts of treasons to the country as this discourse was defined by individuals who had lived through the war in the interior. Spring River Flows East is one of the most famous post-war films about the Japanese-occupied life through the narratives and perspectives of the suppressed who lived during the occupation.
Mark Powell (born 1976) is an American novelist. He is the author of six novels, most recently Small Treasons and Firebird. A highly decorated author, he has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Breadloaf Writers' Conference, as well as two Fulbright Fellowships. Educated at The Citadel, The University of South Carolina, and Yale Divinity School, Powell teaches in the English Department at Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina.
The Treasons Act 1534 (26 Hen. 8. c. 13) was an Act passed by the Parliament of England in 1534, during the reign of King Henry VIII. This Act was passed after the Act of Supremacy 1534, which made the king the "Only Head of the Church of England on Earth so far as the Law of God allows." The 1534 Act made it treason, punishable by death, to disavow the Act of Supremacy.
The Great Lakes region of Africa ended the year with a bloodbath. This documentary shows the intrigues, the dramatic effects, the treasons, the vengeances that prevailed over those years and whose only goal was to maintain or increase each faction's area of influence. In just ten years, the population saw all their hopes vanish: The dream of an Africa in control of its own destiny, alimentary self-sufficiency, the end of interethnic conflicts.
Nearby Jamestown colony, the first permanent successful English colony in the Americas, was established in 1607. The English Reformation and the Treasons Act of 1571 meant that Catholic practice was prohibited, as well as banning Catholics from holding military and civic positions. Despite this, archeological evidence uncovered in 2013 shows personal devotion to Catholicism persisted in the Peninsula's English settlements. Among the devotional articles found at Jamestown was a silver reliquary in the coffin of Captain Gabriel Archer.
In 1584 Morgan was dispatched to Paris with letters from Mary to her supporters at the French court. He met up with Dr. William Parry and the pair hatched a plan to kill the queen. Parry was arrested in England and charged with High Treason but he pleaded that he was a secret agent trying to discover the Catholic's treasons. One of the charges brought against Mary in 1586 involved her involvement with Morgan, charge no.
The Second Act of Annates was passed, called the Act in Absolute Restraint of Annates. The annates were, along with the supremacy over the church in England, reserved to the crown, and the English crown now took all revenue charged for the appointment of bishops. The Act of First Fruits and Tenths transferred the taxes on ecclesiastical income from the Pope to the Crown. The Treasons Act 1534 made it high treason punishable by death to deny Royal Supremacy.
William Allen, in his Answer to the Libel of English Justice published in 1584, joined issue on all points, stating "that many priests and other Catholics in England have been persecuted, condemned and executed for mere matter of religion and for transgression only of new statutes which make cases of conscience to be treason without all pretence or surmise of any old treasons or statutes for the same". He defended Edmund Campion and the other martyrs from the imputation of treason.
The long title was "An Acte wherby certayne Offences bee made Treasons; and also for the Government of the Kinges and Quenes Majesties Issue."These words are printed against this Act in the second column of Schedule 2 to the Statute Law Revision Act 1948, which is headed "Title". The words in the long title of the Act from "and also" were repealed on 30 July 1948 by the Statute Law Revision Act 1948.Section 1, and the first schedule.
Edmund Butler, 4th Viscount Mountgarret (1595–1679) was the son of Richard Butler, 3rd Viscount Mountgarret. He acceded to his title on the death of his father in 1651 and retained his lands in the north and east of Kilkenny while many others whose families had been involved in the Catholic Confederacy lost theirs. His father had been heavily involved in the rebellion but Edmund received a pardon for all treasons and rebellions from King Charles II and was restored to his estates.
His son, the fourth Viscount, received a pardon for all treasons and rebellions from King Charles II and was restored to his estates. He was succeeded by his son, the fifth Viscount who was a supporter of King James II and led the Siege of Derry in 1688 to 1689. Lord Mountgarret was taken prisoner and outlawed, with his estates forfeited. However, in 1715 the outlawry was reversed and in 1721 he claimed his seat in the Irish House of Lords.
Meese, Edwin; Edwin Meese, III, David F. Forte, Matthew Spalding, "The Heritage Guide to the Constitution" Regnery Publishing, 2005, p. 264 This was done not only to prevent judges from constructing new treasons, but also to prevent Congress from enacting new ones. The constitutional definition did not immediately deter prosecutors from attempting to prosecute for levying war people who had not directly done so. However the Supreme Court resisted efforts to construe the definition more widely than its text appeared to allow.
Other acts included the Supplication against the Ordinaries and the Submission of the Clergy, which recognised Royal Supremacy over the church. The Ecclesiastical Appointments Act 1534 required the clergy to elect bishops nominated by the Sovereign. The Act of Supremacy in 1534 declared that the king was "the only Supreme Head on Earth of the Church of England" and the Treasons Act 1534 made it high treason, punishable by death, to refuse the Oath of Supremacy acknowledging the king as such.
The Treasons Act 1649 or Act declaring what offences shall be adjudged Treason was passed on 17 July 1649 by the Rump Parliament during the Commonwealth of England. It superseded the Act declaring what offences shall be adjudged Treason passed about two months earlier on 14 May 1649. The Act was deemed necessary because the Commonwealth was a republic, so treason against the person of the king had no meaning. There were certain threats that faced the Commonwealth, which this law helped to address.
He was in great demand; law reporters began recording his cases and in 1641 he advised Thomas Wentworth, the first Earl of Strafford, over his attainder for high treason. Although unsuccessful, Hale was then called to represent William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, during his impeachment by the House of Lords in October 1644.Hostettler (2002) p.19 Hale, along with John Herne, argued that none of Laud's alleged offences constituted treason, and that the Treason Act 1351 had abolished all common law treasons.
There was no formal accusation against Richard III on the matter; the Bill of Attainder brought by Henry VII made no definitive mention of the Princes in the Tower, but it did accuse Richard of "the unnatural, mischievous and great perjuries, treasons, homicides and murders, in shedding of infant's blood, with many other wrongs, odious offences and abominations against God and man".James Orchard Halliwell- Phillipps, Letters of the Kings of England, Vol. 1 (1846), p.161.Rotuli Parliamentorum, J. Strachey (ed.), VI, (1777), p.
During the German occupation of Norway, Evensen volunteered in the Norwegian resistance movement, helping, among other things, to create false identity papers. After World War II, he was appointed attorney in fact and prosecutor a number of treasons trials the Norwegian government brought against collaborators during the post-war legal purge. Here he began the extensive work of finding what collaborationist leader Vidkun Quisling and his subordinates had stolen during the war. Nonetheless, Evensen distanced himself from the death penalty eventually handed to Quisling.
For example, Henry VIII could not simply establish supremacy by proclamation; he required Parliament to enforce statutes and add felonies and treasons. An important liberty for Parliament was its freedom of speech; Henry allowed anything to be spoken openly within Parliament and speakers could not face arrest – a fact which they exploited incessantly. Nevertheless, Parliament in Henry VIII's time offered up very little objection to the monarch's desires. Under his and Edward's reign, the legislative body complied willingly with the majority of the kings' decisions.
Martha Alegría Reichmann, the widow of former Vatican ambassador Alejandro Valladares Lanza, accused Cardinal Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga of maintaining an abusive and mafia-like regime in Honduras for decades, promoting false investment schemes, diverting money from the local university and from the government to shadowy and immoral purposes in a 2018 book entitled Traiciones sagradas ("Sacred Treasons"). She also accuses him of ruthlessly protecting his corrupt auxiliary bishop Juan José Pineda Fasquelle, who was forced to resign in 2018 following accusations of sexual abuse of seminarians.
The United States inherited the English common law from the British Empire, and the Founding Fathers recognised the danger of what James Madison called "new-fangled and artificial treasons."Federalist Papers no. 43 (1788) Therefore, they intentionally drafted the treason clause of the US Constitution narrowly: This avoided vague words like "compassing or imagining" which had given British judges and lawyers such latitude. The words "giving them aid and comfort" were added by the Committee of Detail to further narrow the definition of treason.
8 Sarsfield wisely made a full recantation of his misdeeds, and was pardoned by Mountjoy, as was his associate Thomas Fagan, a local churchwarden.Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts Meade was recalcitrant, maintaining that he had acted lawfully, and had not committed treason. As a result, he remained in prison while the authorities considered what to do with him. He was still in prison in Dublin in July, as the Crown "had much ado even to bring in an indictment against him for his treasons".
Death of Langle, as depicted in 1846 Fleuriot de Langle was posthumously promoted to Chef de Division on 24 April 1788. La Pérouse said of Langle that "He died for his humanity" and "I have lost by the most horrific of treasons my best friend, my friend for thirty years. A man full of spirit, judgement, knowledge, and certainly one of the best officers in all the fleets of Europe". His remains were buried in the choir of the church of Saint-Louis at Brest.
After about three months spent in the Tower, on Saturday 3 May 1606 Garnet was strapped to a wooden hurdle and taken by three horses to the churchyard of St Paul's. He wore a black cloak over his clothes and hat, and spent much of the journey with his hands together and eyes closed. Present in the churchyard were the Sheriff of London, Sir Henry Montague, George Abbot and John Overal. When asked if he had knowledge of any further treasons, Garnet replied that he had nothing to say.
' He was dismissed, but in recognition of his past services they voted him a gratuity. Goad's friends protested against his dismissal as the work of a factious party.Details are given in the postscript to 'Contrivances of the Fanatical Conspirators in carrying on the Treasons under Umbrage of the Popish Plot laid open, with Depositions,' London, 1683, written by William Smith, a schoolmaster of Islington, who describes Goad as a person of unequalled qualifications for the post. He now took a house in Piccadilly, and opened a private school with many of his previous pupils.
This form of treason had originally been enacted in the Treasons Act 1534 and then abolished by the Treason Act 1547. It was soon abolished again by the Treason Act 1553, but would be restored again by the Rebellion Act 1572 (this time without the 6 day deadline). It was also made treason to say that the king was a heretic or usurper, in writing or (for the third offence only) in speech. The Act re- enacted some existing procedural rules in prosecutions for treason and misprision of treason.
Section 9 preserved privilege of peerage — the right of peers of the realm to be tried by their peers. Section 10 stipulated that offences against the Act which were committed "only by preaching or words" must be prosecuted within six months. Section 11 created a new rule of evidence for cases of treason under this Act (but not other treasons). It required all of the witnesses against the defendant (or at least two of them) to attend court to give evidence against him in person, "if living and within the realm".
When interrogated by the lieutenant of the Tower (3 August), he denied any traitorous intention. Coke drew up an abstract of treasons in which Grey was stated to have engaged to bring together a hundred gentlemen of quality for the purpose of seizing the king. The plot in which Grey was involved was known as the "Bye plot". Another plot, known as the "Main Plot" had been found out at the same time, with the result that Cobham and Raleigh were arrested soon after Grey, Markham, and their group.
Hebrang was arrested in Belgrade by UDBA agents and accused of numerous treasons, while his wife and small children were put under house arrest. He disappeared under suspicious circumstances. UDBA official Milorad Milatović, who was in charge of the Hebrang case, claimed in 1952 that Hebrang had committed suicide at Glavnjača prison in Belgrade on 11 June 1949, but his body was never recovered and no official death certificate was filed. In the late 1980s, several historians reported that Hebrang had been assassinated in his Belgrade prison cell for political reasons.
The second setting forth the forme of proceeding in sessions and the matters to be enquired of and handled therein. Composed by Sir Richard Bolton, Knight, Chief Baron of His Majesties Court of Exchequer in Ireland. Whereunto are added many presidents of indictments of treasons, felonies, misprisons, praemunires and finable offences of force, fraud, omission and other misdemeanors of severall sorts more than ever heretofore have been published in print. In the first edition, Bolton praised the peaceful and settled condition of Ireland; a condition which was to change all too quickly.
These punishments are not affected by the Forfeiture Act 1870. Misprision of felony is the concealment of a felony committed by another person, but without such previous concert with, or subsequent assistance of the offender, as would make the concealer an accessory before or after the fact. The offence was (and in the United States still is) a misdemeanour punishable on indictment by fine and imprisonment. Under the old common law hierarchy of crimes (as treasons, felonies and misdemeanours), misprision of treason was a felony and misprision of felony was a misdemeanour.
229 The Commons requested the King to grant Turberville the usual royal pardon for all treasons, felonies and misdemeanors committed before the date of the pardon, and the King duly granted it. Edward had already acted briefly as a priest-hunter, using his local knowledge of the large Catholic community in South Wales, but without much success, on one occasion suffering the embarrassment of being arrested himself.Kenyon p.245 Turberville duly gave evidence against Stafford at his trial before the House of Lords on a charge of high treason.
On 4 July 1538 he was nominated upon a special commission of oyer and terminer for treasons in six of the eastern counties. He was also commissioned to survey the defensive points of the coast when in 1539 there were apprehensions of an invasion. He was among the knights appointed to receive Anne of Cleves in January 1540. After the conviction of Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter he received a grant of a lease of his lands in Lalford Says, Ardelegh, Colchester, and Mile- End, in Essex and Suffolk.
George Wingrove Cooke considered that Chamberlen had suffered for his political principles. He had a general pardon issued in June 1686.A Pardon to Hugh Chamberlain of all Treasons, misprisons of Treason, Insurrection, Kebellions, & other Crimes and Offenses by him committed before the first day of June instant, and of all Indictments, Conviccons, Paines and fforfeitures by reason thereof: With such Clauses and non obstantes as are usuall in Pardons of like nature (Docquet Books, Signet, Record Office). Chamberlen ultimately went to Amsterdam, where he practised for several years.
Suddenly he fell into disgrace. He was accused of "sundry notable offences and treasons done towards us", cites State Papers, Spanish, 1538–42, p. 314. but in consideration of his long service he was allowed to explain his conduct. cites Letters and Papers, xvi. 541. Brought before the council (some time earlier than 26 March 1541), Queen Catherine Howard, it seems, had made intercession, and Henry himself, who was fond of men of Wallop's type, would not need much persuading. Thus he became captain of Guisnes in March 1541.
At the 1702 English general election he was returned in a contest as MP for Wilton again, but lost his place as solicitor-general. He was returned in a contest as Whig MP for Stockbridge at the 1705 English general election and voted for the Court candidate as Speaker on 25 October 1705. At the 1708 British general election, he was returned unopposed as a Whig for Stockbridge. He was passed over for office and may have expressed his resentment by speaking against the Court on the treasons trial bill on 5 April 1709.
Consequently, in the same year the Act of First Fruits and Tenths transferred the taxes on ecclesiastical income from the Pope to the Crown. The Act Concerning Peter's Pence and Dispensations outlawed the annual payment by landowners of one penny to the Pope. This Act also reiterated that England had "no superior under God, but only your Grace" and that Henry's "imperial crown" had been diminished by "the unreasonable and uncharitable usurpations and exactions" of the Pope. In case any of this should be resisted, Parliament passed the Treasons Act 1534, which made it high treason punishable by death to deny Royal Supremacy.
This was derived from the Sedition Act 1661, which had expired. The 1795 Act was originally a temporary Act which was to expire when George III died, but it was made permanent by the Treason Act 1817. Some other treasons created by the Act (which also originated with the 1661 Act) were reduced to felonies by the Treason Felony Act 1848, which also extended the 1795 Act to Ireland. The Act also stipulated that anyone found to have brought either the King, the Constitution or the government into contempt could be transported for a period of 7 years.
Emperor Zhaozong was forced to disband the imperial princes' armies, and Han put the imperial princes under house arrest. Further, under Han's insistence, Emperor Zhaozong was forced to execute one of the imperial guard generals, Li Yun ().Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 261. Later in the year, after Li Jiepi, who had previously went to Hedong to seek aid from Li Keyong, returned to Hua Prefecture — thus exposing the fact that Li Keyong would be unable to come to the emperor's or the princes' aid — Han submitted further accusations that Li Jiepi and Li Sizhou were plotting treasons.
According to Jane Campbell, the film "only serves to reinforce the media stereotype of Iranians as terrorists who, if not actively bombing public buildings or holding airline passengers hostage, are untrustworthy, irrational, cruel, and barbaric." The film was also criticized in Iran. A 2002 Islamic Republic News Agency article claimed that the film "[made] smears...against Iran" and "stereotyped Iranians as cruel characters and wife- beaters". In a Finnish documentary, Without My Daughter, film maker Alexis Kouros tells Mahmoody's husband's side of the story, showing Iranian eyewitnesses accusing the Hollywood film of spreading lies and "treasons".
West was most unusual among judges in having a play produced while he was in office: Hecuba, his translation of a French tragedy, was produced at the Drury Lane Theatre. As even its author sadly admitted it was not a popular success, closing after only three performances, two of them to empty houses.Ball, F. Elrington The Judges in Ireland 1221–1921 John Murray London 1926 He was more successful as a pamphleteer, his best known works being A Discourse concerning Treasons and Bills of Attainder (1716 ) and An Inquiry into the Origins and Manner of Creating Peers (1719).
Bloody Bay In the mid 1470s Edward, preparing for a war with France, and anxious for good relations with Scotland, finally revealed the full terms of the Westminster treaty. John was summoned before parliament to answer for his treasons, and when he failed to appear was declared forfeit. With no allies, either at home or abroad, John had little choice but to make his peace with the king in the summer of 1476. Considering the full extent of his treason, far greater than that which had destroyed the Border Douglases, he was treated with comparative leniency.
Ironically, the first attempt to constrain the development of constructive treasons in England was the 1351 Act itself. Its preamble states that Parliament had decided to define treason by statute for the first time because the common law definition had expanded so widely (however this had not been constructive treason, since until 1351 treason had always been defined by judges, not by legislation). The Act ended with a clause which prohibited further judicial development of the offence: As noted above, this was not entirely successful. From the seventeenth century, English courts refined and extended the law of treason,Knight, p.
In 1462 he inherited his father's lands and title, being summoned to Parliament as a baron between 1469 and 1472. In 1469 he was one of the commission for treasons which condemned Henry Courtenay, of West Coker, and Sir Thomas Hungerford, of Rowden to execution for treason at Salisbury,Ross, Charles, Edward IV, Eyre Methuen, 1974, p.123 and in 1471 acted as arbitrator in a dispute there between the bishop, Richard Beauchamp, and the city authorities. He died on 18 February 1478 and was buried in the church of St Michael at Mere in Wiltshire.
Eventually Edmund's brother, the Earl of Ormond, fearing for the future of his lands and titles, responded by joining his erstwhile enemy Sidney and marched against Edmund. Under pressure from Earl Thomas, he was attainted by Queen Elizabeth I. But on surrendering his estate to the Queen, 10 October 1570, he was pardoned, (together with his brothers Edward and Piers) dated at Gorhambury 12 March 1573, of all their treasons. While she agreed to save his life, Elizabeth did not remove the attainder on Edmund. His brothers Edward and Piers Butler remained with the Desmond forces.
The mayhem prompted the new king, Henry V, to hold the final regional sessions of the Court of King's Bench at Shrewsbury in Trinity term 1414. Although large numbers of the Arundel affinity and their opponents were indicted, the facts were disputed, the cases remanded and the accused pardoned after the magnates stood surety for them. Prestbury and his abbey were certainly allies of the Arundel faction. In February 1413 he received a general pardon from Henry IV, covering "all treasons, insurrections, rebellions, felonies, misprisions, offences, impeachments and trespasses."Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry IV, Volume 4, p. 464.
A number of dissenting monks, including the first Carthusian Martyrs, were executed and many more pilloried. The most prominent resisters included John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, and Sir Thomas More, both of whom refused to take the oath to the King. Neither Henry nor Cromwell sought to have the men executed; rather, they hoped that the two might change their minds and save themselves. Fisher openly rejected Henry as the Supreme Head of the Church, but More was careful to avoid openly breaking the Treasons Act of 1534, which (unlike later acts) did not forbid mere silence.
The Westminster Chronicle reports that when Exton's term was up in October 1388, Richard II was willing for Exton to continue as Mayor into 1389 (even if he had supposedly thwarted royal plans to assassinate members of parliament). But Exton's personal, if private, support for Richard, such as it was, may have earned him the distrust of Londoners. Just before Exton's mayoralty ended, the parliament then being held at Cambridge by the victorious Lords Appellant formally pardoned Exter— at his own petition—for any treasons or felonies he may have committed in previous years. This parliament also forbade Londoners from criticising him regarding alleged derogation of the city's liberties.
Yet the terror of discovery disturbed him at several periods of his life, and when Louis XV died in 1774 he showed a strong disposition to take refuge in France, and would have done so if Louis XVI would have given him a promise of employment. His pension was continued. It seems to be tolerably certain that at a later period he made a clean breast to the Emperor Francis II. His services at Constantinople were approved by Prince Kaunitz, who may possibly have been informed of the arrangement with the French secret diplomatic fund. It is never safe to decide whether these treasons were single or double.
117 Angus learned that Eure had been granted some of his lands in the Scottish borders by Henry VIII, and he declared that he would witness the title deeds with a sharp pen and red ink. Internal Scottish politics were set aside, Arran and his rival for power Mary of Guise were reconciled with the Earl of Angus and his brother George Douglas of Pittendreich at the Parliament of Scotland in December 1544, when the Douglases were pardoned for their previous treasons with England.Merriman, Marcus, The Rough Wooings, Tuckwell (2000), pp.157-8 The Scottish army consisted initially of between 300 and 1,000Warner, p.
David Loades, Henry VIII and His Queens (1994) p 179 Pope Clement VII refused to grant the annulment because, according to Roman Catholic teaching, a validly contracted marriage is indivisible until death, and thus the pope cannot annul a marriage simply because of a canonical impediment previously dispensed.To marry Catherine in the first place, Henry had requested and received a special dispensation from Pope Julius II to allow the wedding. The Treasons Act was later passed: it provided that to disavow the Act of Supremacy and to deprive the king of his "dignity, title, or name" was to be considered treason."Treason Act, 1534 " English Reformation Sources.
Negative misprision is the concealment of treason or felony. By the common law of England it was the duty of every liege subject to inform the king's justices and other officers of the law of all treasons and felonies of which the informant had knowledge, and to bring the offender to justice by arrest (see Sheriffs Act 1887, s. 8). The duty fell primarily on the grand jurors of each county borough or franchise (until the abolition of grand juries in 1933),Administration of Justice (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1933 and is performed by indictment or presentment, but it also falls in theory on all other inhabitants.Pollock and Maitland, Hist. Eng.
On 13 March Merrick and Cuffe were drawn to Tyburn. Cuffe began a speech admitting his guilt while denying many of the charges brought against him. The authorities twice interrupted him, and on the second occasion he 'began to apply himself to his devotions, which he managed with a great deal of fervor,' and was 'dispatched by the executioner' (State Trials, i. 1410–1451). Bacon in the official 'Declaration of the Treasons,' 1601, describes Cuffe as 'a base fellow by birth, but a great scholar, and indeed a noble traitor by the book, being otherwise of a turbulent and mutinous spirit against all superiors.
This was followed by the Treasons Act which enjoined the penalty of high treason on anyone who might maliciously desire to deprive the king of his title of supreme head of the Church. All bishops, priests and religious were required to sign a formal document explicitly acknowledging Henry VIII as head of the church in England. On 14 December 1538 the Bishop of Dover Richard Yngworth visited Canterbury and called on the Augustinian friary with an order to close it down as part of the dissolution of monasteries in England.Bunce, Canon Michael, "St John Stone", Southwark diocesan website He found the Austin Friars to be in great poverty.
Eloy Mestrelle was born in Paris and by the late 1550s was employed by the French Mint. He left France in 1559 with his family, including a kinsman, Philip, and settled in London. The reason for his departure is unknown, but it has been suggested it was because he was out of favour with his superiors. It is also possible he had participated in counterfeiting and needed to leave Paris in a hurry. This suggestion is reinforced by a pardon granted by Elizabeth I on 24 March 1561 "for all treasons, felonies and offences committed before 1 March 1. Eliz. (1559) in respect of clipping or counterfeiting coin".
Suffolk's son, the Earl of Lincoln, may have been named Richard III's heir to the throne when the king's own son, Edward of Middleham died in 1484. However, Suffolk did lose the Constableship of Wallingford and the Chiltern Hundreds to Lovell. In fact, Suffolk seems to have been no more favoured by Richard than he had been by Edward. In December 1483 Suffolk was summoned to the parliament which confirmed Richard III's right to the throne, and the following year he undertook commissions of array in both Norfolk and Suffolk, as well as being part of the oyer and terminer which condemned the treasons of William Collingbourne in London.
Sections 24 and 25 Sanctuary was not available for people accused of treason under the Act,Section 22 and - in addition to the death penalty - anyone convicted of treason by interrupting the succession to the throne was to forfeit their own claim to the throne, if any existed. The Act also made it treason to criticise the death sentence passed against Thomas More under the Treasons Act 1534.Section 21 Finally, the Act made it treason to attempt to repeal the Act. It was superseded in 1543 by the Third Succession Act, which returned Henry's daughters into the line of succession to the throne, but did not restore their legitimacy.
With others, Bacon was appointed to investigate the charges against Essex. A number of Essex's followers confessed that Essex had planned a rebellion against the Queen.Nieves Matthews, Francis Bacon: The History of a Character Assassination (Yale University Press, 1996) Bacon was subsequently a part of the legal team headed by the Attorney General Sir Edward Coke at Essex's treason trial. After the execution, the Queen ordered Bacon to write the official government account of the trial, which was later published as A DECLARATION of the Practices and Treasons attempted and committed by Robert late Earle of Essex and his Complices, against her Majestie and her Kingdoms ... after Bacon's first draft was heavily edited by the Queen and her ministers.
Sir Thomas Malory was likely familiar with the details of the English Statute of Treasons. Despite not being formally charged with treason, the "knight prisoner" Malory was convicted of a number of egregious crimes, including theft, poaching, extortion, rape, and attempted murder of the Duke of Buckingham. He was also purportedly involved in the War of the Roses, in favor of the house of Lancaster. Edward Hicks writes in his biography of Malory that "though he were involved in the civil strife of Lancaster and York, and dealt with as a traitor by victorious enemies," that Malory not only failed to receive capital punishment, but was permitted to pass his inheritance unto his children.
Soon after the restoration of the monarchy he was sworn in as a member of the Privy-Council, and on 9 September 1661 created Baronet Perceval of Kanturk. To secure his position, and so that his political enemies could not in the future use his conduct under the Commonwealth to attack him, Perceval obtained a Patent of Special Pardon for all treasons, rebellions, etc. and for all engagements, of which he might have been guilty, either under the Parliament of the Commonwealth, or the Protectorate, from the beginning of his life, to 29 December 1660. The Patent was dated Westminster, 22 April 1662 and was passed under the Great Seals of England and Ireland.
In 1447 he was elected Member of Parliament for Dorset, gaining the seat again in 1460, and by 1450 had been knighted. In that year he was on a commission of oyer and terminer for treasons in Wiltshire, followed in 1451 by appointment to the commission of the peace for Dorset, sitting later for Somerset and for Wiltshire as well. In 1455 he was the commissioner responsible for collecting Dorset's contribution to the defence of Calais and was ordered by the Privy Council to assist the Duke of York in quelling disturbances in Devon. Between 1457 and 1466 he was on the commission of array and on the commission of oyer and terminer for Dorset, Hampshire, Somerset and Wiltshire.
Certain special rules procedures have historically applied to high treason cases. The privilege of the peerage and parliamentary privilege preclude the arrest of certain individuals (including peers, wives and widows of peers and members of Parliament) in many cases, but treason was not included (nor were felony or breach of the peace). Similarly, an individual could not claim sanctuary when charged with high treason; this distinction between treasons and felonies was lost as sanctuary laws were repealed in the late 17th and early 19th century. The defendant, furthermore, could not claim the benefit of clergy in treason cases; but the benefit of the clergy, as well, was abolished during the 19th century.
During a conversation with Chapuys following the Boleyns' deaths, Cromwell boasted that he had gone to a great deal of trouble arranging the plot, suggesting he did so in order to assist an alliance with Spain. Yet despite his boasts, during the same conversation he greatly praised both Anne and her brother for their "sense, wit, and courage".Calendar of State Papers, Spain 5(2), 61, and footnote 1 On 23 April 1536 George was expected to be chosen to receive the Order of the Garter, but the honour went to a known opponent of the Boleyns instead, Sir Nicholas Carew. The following day, Henry gave instructions to Cromwell to set up a special commission looking into various treasons.
On 18 February 1552 he had a pardon for all treasons, clearing him from suspicion as a former follower of Somerset; and on 3 March following he was appointed a commissioner for the division of the debatable land on the borders. He was an adherent of Lady Jane Grey, and had been too prominent to escape when Northumberland fell. He was sent to the Tower of London on 25 July 1553, arraigned and condemned on 19 August 1553. Palmer was the only accused man on that day to protest and he shouted that the judges themselves had formed Jane's council and they deserved as much or more punishment than him, and the trial was unlawful.
As well as taking part in regular law enforcement, Burley frequently received commissions to deal with particularly serious or problematic incidents. In September 1401 disorder in the county was sufficiently serious for the king to include Burley in a special commission, headed by the Earls of Arundel, Stafford and Worcester, to "enquire about all treasons, insurrections, adherences to the king's enemies, murders and rapes in the county of Salop."Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1399–1401, p. 554. The king and his circle tended to see disorder as a consequence of sedition. On 11 May 1402 Burley was one of those commissioned in Shropshire to combat propaganda against Henry IV.Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1401–1405, p. 127.
Colonel Henry Tucker was sent as a Bermudian delegate to the rebel Continental Congress in Philadelphia, where he orchestrated with Benjamin Franklin the theft of a hundred barrels of gunpowder from a magazine in St. George's, Bermuda. The gunpowder was stolen during the night of the 14 August 1775, and rowed out to waiting American vessels which delivered it to the rebel army, even as another rebel vessel was sent to Bermuda by George Washington tasked with the same mission. Washington was unaware of Tucker and Franklin's plot, and sent a letter addressed to the people of Bermuda requesting their assistance.Franklin Papers: Henry Tucker The letter from Washington had read: His father's activities were not the extent of the treasons of President Henry Tucker's family.
He was nominated to a wide-ranging commission of oyer and terminer (from the old French, literally a commission "to hear and determine") on 30 May 1460, his new rank was a tactic to deal with the treasons and insurrections in Northumberland. On 3 July, he was granted Yorkshire, Derbyshire, and Cambridgeshire, all belonging to Salisbury, on a twelve-year lease. After the Yorkists captured Henry VI at the Battle of Northampton in 1460, they accused Percy of having looted York's northern estates during his exile in Ireland. This charge was likely to have had some truth in it, as it was his continued pillaging of those estates, with the Lords Clifford and Dacre, that led to York marching north to Wakefield in December 1460.
This real-life situation is reflected through the film director she actually portrays in the film, although the film is far more exaggerated in a world of romances, passions, treasons and deceits, in which the men are idiotic, cowardly and weak. From the beginning to the end of the film there is always evidence of an extravagant lifestyle with luxurious cars and glamorous women and suave men. The film reflects the paradise of an upper middle class that seems to live on another planet than the poor, as shown by the trapeze artist's different life experiences to the director that Costantini portrays in the film. Along with the prevalent themes of love, passion, deceit and adultery the film also identifies these differences in class.
According to the sources, a William Collingbourne amassed land in north-east Wiltshire, but also acquired property in the City of London. In the 1470s, he was commissioner in the enquiry of farms for land grants and money in Wiltshire and involved in actions against trespasses and debts, mostly against defendants from Kent, which suggests that he had acquired property in that county as well. Collingbourne held several administrative posts in Wiltshire; he served as sheriff in 1474 and 1481 and as Commissioner of Peace in 1475 and 1478–1481. In 1475 he was named as one who would "enquire into certain treasons, Lolardries, heresies and errors" in Dorset and Wiltshire, in a list that also included King Edward's brothers, the Dukes of Clarence and Gloucester.
In 1532 he appears to have been captain of Cockermouth, and, as comptroller, was associated with Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland in the government of the border marches. This followed the grant in 1530 of the hereditary lieutenancy of Cockermouth by Northumberland, part of a package of gifts designed to allow Wharton to take over military duties from the ailing Northumberland, and they would remain closely associated until his death. On 29 June 1534 Northumberland recommended Wharton's appointment as captain of Carlisle, and on 9 July he was commissioned to inquire into the ‘treasons’ of William Dacre, 3rd Baron Dacre of Gilsland, against Northumberland; Dacre was brought to trial, but acquitted by his peers. On 22 November 1535 Wharton was again appointed sheriff of Cumberland.
The chief suspects were two neighbours—a local knight, Ralph Paynel, and the sheriff, Sir Thomas Kydale—as well as de Cantilupe's entire household, particularly his wife Maud, the cook and a squire. The staff were probably paid to either carry out or cover up the crime, while Paynel had been in dispute with the de Cantilupes for many years; it is possible that Maud was conducting an affair with Kydale, during her husband's frequent absences on service in France. The Statute of Treasons Act of 1351 laid down that the murder of a husband by his wife or servants was to be deemed petty treason. De Cantilupe's murder was the first to come within the purview of the act, as were the subsequent trials of Maud and several members of her staff.
In English law, oyer and terminer (; a partial translation of the Anglo-French oyer et terminer, which literally means "to hear and to determine"Oyer and terminer, Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved February 7, 2011.) was the Law French name for one of the commissions by which a judge of assize sat. The commission was also known by the Law Latin name audiendo et terminando, and the Old English-derived term soc and sac. By the commission of oyer and terminer the commissioners (in practice the judges of assize, though other persons were named with them in the commission) were commanded to make diligent inquiry into all treasons, felonies and misdemeanours whatever committed in the counties specified in the commission, and to hear and determine the same according to law.
The solo lines composed for him set the words, 'The reason is, your spirits are attentive' and 'Is fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils.' Robert Easton was severely wounded in the trenches in the First World War, having a leg amputated, and when he was invalided out of the army he was offered training, first as an accountant, which he realised quickly he was not suited for, and then as a singer. His 'debut' (so he always said) was deputising for an indisposed Harold Williams at the Royal Albert Hall in the early 1920s, singing Stanford's Songs of the Sea under Thomas Beecham, who then offered him many opportunities to forward his career. He recorded principally for the Columbia label, but, unfortunately, most of these do not do his voice justice.
Nicholas Rutleidge made a claim in county Sligo, and Thomas Rutlidge claimed land in Tipperary. Nicholas and Thomas subsequently appeared in a list of grants made under the Acts of Settlement (1652) and Explanation (1666), enacted during the Restoration reign of King Charles II. AD 1660-1685. British politicians and civilians soon tired of a republican government dominated by Puritan moral strictures. After the downfall of the Cromwell Protectorate it was decided to revert to a monarchy system, and Charles Stuart (1630-1685) returned from exile in mainland Europe to reclaim the crown as Charles II. Parliament forced him to reestablish the Church of England as the primary religion, although he preferred religious tolerance, and he also pardoned all past treasons against the crown with the exception of the 59 commissioners who had signed his father's (Charles I) death warrant in 1649.
Highly respected within his local community, he was appointed Juistice of the Peace (JP) for Somerset 1654–9, elected Recorder of London in 1655, knighted by Oliver Cromwell in 1656, and that same year was appointed treasurer of Lincoln's Inn, a Master of Requests, and a Commissioner of Treasons. On 9 March 1659, the speaker of Richard Cromwell's parliament, Chaloner Chute, suddenly became indisposed as a result of being "tired out with the long debates and late sitting" (Diary of Thomas Burton, 4.92). This was after a long nine days debate, during which the House sat through one entire night up to 10 p.m. As a tribute to the high regard in which he was held, Sir Lislebone was duly elected ‘by general consent of the House’ (JHC, 7.612) to take the chair during the speaker's illness.
Under the Treason Act 1351, or "Statute of Treasons", which distinguished between high and petty treason, several distinct offences constitute high treason; most of them continue to do so, while those relating to forgery have been relegated to ordinary offences.Coinage Act 1832 and Forgery Act 1861 (both repealed) To be hanged, drawn and quartered was from 1351 a penalty in England for common men convicted of high treason. First, it was high treason to "compass or imagine the death of our Lord the King, of our Lady his Queen, or of their eldest son and heir." The terms "compass or imagine" indicate the premeditation of a murder; it would not be high treason to accidentally kill the sovereign or any other member of the Royal Family (though someone could be charged with manslaughter or negligent homicide).
Formerly, if an individual stood mute and refused to plead guilty or not guilty for a felony, he would be tortured until he enter a plea; if he died in the course of the torture, his lands would not be seized to the Crown, and his heirs would be allowed to succeed to them. In cases of high treason, however, an individual could not save his lands by refusing to enter a plea; instead, a refusal would be punished by immediate forfeiture of all estates. This distinction between treasons and felonies ended in 1772, when the court was permitted to enter a plea on a defendant's behalf. Formerly, an individual was not entitled to assistance of counsel in any capital case, including treason; the rule, however, was abolished in treason cases by the Treason Act 1695.
Crawford p.460 More severe penalties were imposed on the Youghal jury which in 1603 acquitted William Meade, the former Recorder of Cork, of treason. Meade, one of the few openly Roman Catholic judges on the Irish Bench, was charged with a number of grave offences, including refusing to acknowledge King James I as the rightful monarch, inciting the citizens of Cork to demolish the fort at Haulbowline, killing or inciting the killing of three Englishmen, and shutting the city gates in the face of troops sent by Sir George Carew, the Lord President of Munster.Calendar of State Papers (Ireland) 1603-1606 An exceptionally strong Bench headed by Lord President Carew himself, put great pressure on the jury to convict Meade of his "heinous treasons", but the jury refused, maintaining that Meade, who was extremely popular in County Cork, "had not intended in his heart to commit treason".
Goddard was a very unwise choice, as he was an ex-Lancastrian who had expounded Henry VI's claim to the throne. Edward summoned Clarence to Windsor, severely upbraided him, accused him of treason, and ordered his immediate arrest and confinement. Clarence was imprisoned in the Tower of London and put on trial for treason against his brother Edward IV. Clarence was not present – Edward himself prosecuted his brother, and demanded that Parliament pass a bill of attainder against his brother, declaring that he was guilty of "unnatural, loathly treasons" which were aggravated by the fact that Clarence was his brother, who, if anyone did, owed him loyalty and love. Following his conviction and attainder, he was "privately executed" at the Tower on 18 February 1478, by tradition in the Bowyer Tower, and soon after the event, the rumour gained ground that he had been drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine.
He was subsequently arrested and tried for the alleged withholding of information concerning a failed coup-d'état against General Ne Win and the Council of State. On 11 January 1977, Judge U Ohn Maung, Chairman of the Divisional Justice Committee for the Yangon Division sentenced him to 7 years of hard labour and imprisonment according to the Crime Against State and High Treasons Act 124. Tin Oo's subsequent appeal for this judgement on 20 August 1977 was summarily dismissed by Judge Soe Hlaing of the Council of People's Justice, the equivalent of a Supreme Court, and upheld the judgement handed out by Yangon Division Justice Committee. Colonel Hla Pe, commander of Northern Regional Command, Colonel Maung Maung, Colonel General Staff and Colonel Myo Aung, commandant of the National Defence College were also dismissed and the former two were imprisoned along with General Tin Oo.
Having burnt several villages, they were caught in an ambuscade, and after considerable loss retreated with some difficulty to Dublin. In consequence of disputes and misunderstandings between the Earl of Kildare and Ormond, now Lord-Deputy, they appealed to the King, accusing each other of malpractices and treasons. Arbitrators were appointed, who ordered that both the Earls should abstain from making war without the King's assent, that they should cease levying coigne and livery within "the four obeysant shires – Meath, Urgell, Dublin, and Kildare, " that the two Earls should persuade their kinsmen to submit to the laws, and that they should be bound by a bond of 1,000 marks each to keep the peace for one year. Elizabeth, daughter of the 9th Earl of Kildare Before long, however, their mutual hatred blazed forth again in consequence of the murder of James Talbot, one of Ormond's followers, by the retainers of Kildare.
The execution of Charles I was stayed until 30 January, so that the House of Commons could pass an emergency act, the "Act prohibiting the proclaiming any person to be King of England or Ireland, or the Dominions thereof", that made it an offence to proclaim a new King, and to declare the representatives of the people, the House of Commons, as the source of all just power. The Commons voted to abolish the House of Lords on 6 February and to abolish the monarchy on 7 February; an act abolishing the kingship was formally passed by the Rump on 17 March, followed by an act to abolish the House of Lords on 19 March. The establishment of a Council of State was approved on 14 February, and on 19 May an Act Declaring England a Commonwealth was passed. The Treasons Act made it an offence to say that the House of Commons (without the Lords or the King) was not the supreme authority of the land.
Alastair Maclean, a Scotsman who has been living in France with the exiled Stuarts, comes to England to join the Scottish army as it advances towards London. But on the way he discovers that agents (Sir John Norreys and Nicholas Kyd) supposedly helping the Jacobite cause by encouraging various nobles to commit to the cause, are actually in English pay, and are passing on to the English government the letters from these nobles to Charles Stuart promising him men and money. These agents are acting purely as mercenaries, hoping to gain part of the estates that the nobles will forfeit to the Crown when their treasons is revealed. Maclean falls in love with Claudia, the Jacobite wife of Norreys, and is torn between taking time out from his own mission to use his own knowledge of Norreys' treason to the Jacobite cause to kill Norreys and gain the love of Claudia for himself, and speeding off on his own mission to join Prince Charles himself.
Some view it as the martyrdom of an innocent man, with Restoration historian Edward Hyde describing "a year of reproach and infamy above all years which had passed before it; a year of the highest dissimulation and hypocrisy, of the deepest villainy and most bloody treasons that any nation was ever cursed with" and the Tory Isaac D'Israeli writing of Charles as "having received the axe with the same collectedness of thought and died with the majesty with which he had lived", dying a "civil and political" martyr to Britain. Still others view it as a vital step towards democracy in Britain, with the prosecutor of Charles I, John Cook, declaring that it "pronounced sentence not only against one tyrant but against tyranny itself"Quoted in ; and Whig historian Samuel Rawson Gardiner, who wrote that "with Charles' death the main obstacle to the establishment of a constitutional system had been removed. [...] The monarchy, as Charles understood it, had disappeared forever".
A pioneering settler family, circa 1900. The British Crown Colony of New South Wales started with the establishment of a settlement at Sydney Cove by Captain Arthur Phillip on 26 January 1788. This date later became Australia's national day, Australia Day. These land masses included the current islands of New Zealand, which was administered as part of New South Wales until it became a separate colony in 1841.For example the UK New South Wales Judicature Act of 1823 made specific provision for administration of land in New Zealand, by the New South Wales Courts, stating: "And be it further enacted that the said supreme courts in New South Wales and Van Diemen’s Land respectively shall and may inquire of hear and determine all treasons, piracies, felonies, robberies, murders, sexual conspiracies and other offences of what nature or kind soever committed or that shall be committed upon the sea or in any haven river creek or place where the admiral or admirals have power authority or jurisdiction or committed or that shall be committed in the islands of New Zealand".
These titles are mentioned: rājaputra (princes, lit: sons of king), prostara (ministers), bhūpati (regional rulers), senāpati (generals), nāyaka (local community leaders), pratyaya (nobles), hāji pratyaya (lesser kings), dandanayaka (judges), tuhā an vatak (workers inspectors), vuruh (workers), addhyāksi nījavarna (lower supervisors), vāsīkarana (blacksmiths/weapon makers), kumārāmātya (junior minister), cātabhata (soldiers), adhikarana (officials), kāyastha (municipal officials), sthāpaka (artisans), puhāvam (ship captains), vaniyāga (traders), marsī hāji (king's servants), hulun hāji (king's slaves). This curse inscription contains one of the most complete surviving lists of state officials. Because of the complex and stratified titles of state officials, some historian have suggested that these titles only existed in the capital of the kingdom, thus insisting that the court of Srivijaya should be located in Palembang.Irfan, N.K.S., (1983), Kerajaan Sriwijaya: pusat pemerintahan dan perkembangannya, Girimukti Pasaka However, Soekmono has suggested that this curse inscription should not be placed in the center of the court, because this inscription contains an intimidation curse for anybody who drohaka or committed treasons against kadatuan,Madjelis Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, (1958), Laporan Kongres Ilmu Pengetahuan Nasional Pertama, Volume 5.
Great Britain Public Record Office. Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Edward IV, 1461-1467. (London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1897). Page 36, membrane 8d, 8 July 1461; Page 98, membrane 27d, 12 Aug 1461 He was also placed on a commission of Oyer and terminer to inquire into all treasons, insurrections and rebellions in South Wales, and granted the authority to receive submission into the king's peace of rebels.Great Britain Public Record Office. Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Edward IV, 1461-1467. (London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1897). Page 38 and 45, 12 Aug 1461 In September Walter Devereux met with the king and William Herbert at Ludlow Castle where they were assigned to take into the king's hands all the castles, lordships, manors, land and possessions of the late Humphrey, Duke of Buckingham, in South Wales.Great Britain Public Record Office. Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Edward IV, 1461-1467. (London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1897). Page 100, membrane 25d, 7 Sep 1461 On 30 September 1461, Herbert and Devereux captured Pembroke Castle.
Charles (in the dock with his back to the viewer) facing the High Court of Justice, 1649 Charles was accused of treason against England by using his power to pursue his personal interest rather than the good of the country. The charge stated that he, "for accomplishment of such his designs, and for the protecting of himself and his adherents in his and their wicked practices, to the same ends hath traitorously and maliciously levied war against the present Parliament, and the people therein represented", and that the "wicked designs, wars, and evil practices of him, the said Charles Stuart, have been, and are carried on for the advancement and upholding of a personal interest of will, power, and pretended prerogative to himself and his family, against the public interest, common right, liberty, justice, and peace of the people of this nation." Presaging the modern concept of command responsibility, the indictment held him "guilty of all the treasons, murders, rapines, burnings, spoils, desolations, damages and mischiefs to this nation, acted and committed in the said wars, or occasioned thereby."; ; .
According to Ali AbolHassani (Monzer), author of Sheikh Fazlolah Nouri and the Chronological School of Constitutionalism, “... The study of constitutionality is not possible without the study of intellectual and political attitudes of Hajj Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri. He has been influential in various phases of the process and if constitutionality is the first real ground for the serious confrontation between religion and modernism, in those days, Sheikh sided for the defense of religion and paid a great expense for it…” The Islamic Revolution Document Centre quotes author Jalal Al-e-Ahmad as calling Nouri an "honourable man", and comparing his hanged corpse to "the flag of domination of occidentosis raised above the country after 200 years of struggle".On the Services and Treasons of Intellectuals, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad According to Afshin Molavi, "Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri's heirs - Iran's ruling conservative clerics - have taken up his cause in the early 21st century" in the fight against democratic reform movement. He is "hailed as a champion who had fought against corrupt Western values", in Tehran a major expressway is named after him, and features "a huge mural commemorating him".
The charges of high treason related to More's violating the statutes as to the King's supremacy (malicious silence) and conspiring with Bishop John Fisher in this respect (malicious conspiracy) and, according to some sources, for asserting that Parliament did not have the right to proclaim the King's Supremacy over the English Church. One group of scholars believes that the judges dismissed the first two charges (malicious acts) and tried More only on the final one but others strongly disagree. Regardless of the specific charges, the indictment related to violation of the Treasons Act 1534 which declared it treason to speak against the King's Supremacy: The trial was held on 1 July 1535, before a panel of judges that included the new Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas Audley, as well as Anne Boleyn's father, brother, and uncle. More, relying upon legal precedent and the maxim "qui tacet consentire videtur" ("one who keeps silent seems to consent"), understood that he could not be convicted as long as he did not explicitly deny that the King was Supreme Head of the Church, and he therefore refused to answer all questions regarding his opinions on the subject.
For example, the British New South Wales Judicature Act 1823 made specific provision for administration of justice by the New South Wales Courts; stating "And be it further enacted that the said supreme courts in New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land respectively shall and may inquire of hear and determine all treasons piracies felonies robberies murders conspiracies and other offences of what nature or kind soever committed or that shall be committed upon the sea or in any haven river creek or place where the admiral or admirals have power authority or jurisdiction or committed or that shall be committed in the islands of New Zealand". New Zealand was first mentioned in British statute in the Murders Abroad Act 1817. It made it easier for a court to punish "murders or manslaughters committed in places not within His Majesty's dominions", and the Governor of New South Wales was given increased legal authority over New Zealand. The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of New South Wales over New Zealand was initiated in the New South Wales Act 1823, and lesser offences were included at that time.

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