68 Sentences With "transshipping" | Random Sentence Generator

A few Chinese exporters have also tried to dodge the trade war bullet by quietly transshipping via third countries.

That practice, called "transshipping," lets fishing boats stay at sea, sweeping up marine life, for years at a stretch.

First off, the Chinese have become very adept at transshipping and circumventing so that the products come in mismarked, misidentified.

And there's nothing illegal or inherently unethical about a globalized fishing industry, or practices such as transshipping that support it.

The president has rightfully pointed out the issue of transshipping and China's desire to gain leverage over other nations and industries.

Fact Check There is little evidence to validate the president's concerns that unfair trade practices like transshipping are a widespread problem.

There is little evidence to support Mr. Trump's claim that the volume of Chinese steel imports is "much higher" after transshipping.

Transshipping refers to a practice in which one country exports a product to another country after it passes it through a third country.

This month, Mr. Trump called transshipping "a big deal" and argued that China routes much more steel to the United States than the statistics show.

The agency received complaints that alleged China Zhongwang Holdings was dodging U.S. tariffs by exporting its aluminum to Mexico before shipping it to the United States, a process also known as transshipping.

Despite South Korea's critical role in defusing tensions with North Korea, the Trump administration has claimed the country is a conduit for Chinese steel evading anti-dumping rules — a practice known as transshipping.

American importers who circumvent duties on Chinese steel through transshipping also face enormous civil and financial risk, said William Perry, an international trade lawyer and a former official at the United States International Trade Commission.

The response could help Mr. Trump claim victory on one of his primary trade goals: cutting down on a glut of cheap Chinese steel, including metals that are routed through other countries through a process known as transshipping.

But Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross told the lawmakers that Section 232 powers "can be applied in a much more surgical way" that could lead to tariffs on imports from certain countries and quotas from other nations suspected of transshipping products.

So off to the ITC with a Section 337 complaint — in which the company seeks relief in three areas: the theft of trade secrets, antitrust violations (the Chinese steel industry colluding illegally to fix steel prices), and false designation (transshipping Chinese steel through third countries to hide its origin).

The Port of Cagliari is situated 18 km from the Gibraltar-Suez ideal line and represents one of the poles for transshipping activities in the Western Mediterranean sea. The territorial district managed by the Cagliari Port Authority extends for approximately 30 km of coastline; its structure is divided into two areas: the historic port and the canal port. The historic port has 5,800 meters of quay, which serves commercial and Ro-Ro traffic as well as passenger ships. The canal port has 1,600 meters of quay and has five berths for transshipping and Ro-Ro traffic.

Exchanging bogies at Ussuriysk (near Vladivostok) on the Chinese-Russian border A transporter wagon: one solution to the break-of- gauge problem Transshipping freight from cars of one gauge to cars of another is very labour- and time-intensive, and increases the risk of damage to goods. If the capacity of the freight cars on both systems does not match, additional inefficiencies can arise. If the frequency is low, a train might need to wait a long time for its counterpart to arrive before transshipping. This might be avoided by storing the goods, but that is also costly and inconvenient.

After considerable deliberation the CMU&PR; decided to build the river bridge at Monmouth (itself and expensive undertaking) but to make an interchange with the Monmouth Railway at Wyesham, transshipping there, but not proceeding further. The bridge and extension to Wyesham were opened on 1 July 1861.

Decres Bay is a sheltered natural harbor south-east of Ceduna in South Australia. It was used for the export of wheat via transshipping prior to 1914. As of 2018 it features a camping site and is being reconsidered as the site of a potential future port.

On March 31, the bulk carrier Wave Friend was being loaded at the transshipping point directly south of Lucky Bay within the Franklin Harbor Marine Park. She has a draft of 8.1 metres and a carrying capacity of 28368 DWT. The port is expected to be officially opened in April 2020.

This difficulty in use of the perennial germplasm can be resolved by transshipping viable pollen across the ocean.Mallikarjuna, N., Coyne, C., Cho, S., Rynearson, S., Rajesh, P. N., Jadhav, D. R., & Muehlbauer, F. J. (2011). Cicer. In Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources (pp. 63-82). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

"Mountain View,", Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Accessed January 26, 2016. In 1903, the entire town relocated to a site closer to the railroad. The move was completed in 1904. Nicknaming itself, "the City in the Woods," the town became a point for transshipping Texas cattle on the Rock Island.

The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a source and destination country for RMI women and children and a destination for women from East Asia subjected to sex trafficking. RMI girls are recruited by foreign business owners and are subjected to sex trafficking with crew members of foreign fishing and transshipping vessels that dock in Majuro.

The Forth and Clyde Canal opened in 1790, connecting the River Clyde at Bowling with the Firth of Forth at Grangemouth. As well as having a basin at Grangemouth, the canal company constructed facilities for transshipping from canal boats to sea-going vessels at Grangemouth. Much of the traffic was minerals and manufactured goods for export, including coastwise trade.

The extension to Helensville connected to the Kaipara – Riverhead Section; its northern terminus was extended from Helensville South to a more central Helensville station, and the portion from Kumeu to Riverhead was made redundant as it was quicker to convey goods by train directly to Auckland than transshipping them to ships at Riverhead. Accordingly, Kumeu – Riverhead was closed on 18 July 1881.

Zuwetina ( Marsa Uasili; ) is a coastal town and oil-exporting port in the Al Wahat District of the Cyrenaica region in north-eastern Libya.Maplandia world gazetteer From 1987 to 2007 Zuwetina was in the former Ajdabiya District. The oil terminal in the small harbor is operated by the Zuwetina Oil Company. The town's primary activities relate to oil production and transshipping crude oil.

Despite setbacks caused by the troubled gold and aloe industries, Aruba's economy didn't suffer long. Because of its location near Venezuela, the island became an attractive spot for oil refineries. The Lago Oil and Transport Company, owned by Standard Oil of New Jersey (now Exxon), opened in 1929 near the transshipping port of San Nicolaas. Following in their footsteps, the Eagle Oil Refinery opened soon after.

Lucky Bay is a locality in the District Council of Franklin Harbour, on the Spencer Gulf coast of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. It is a terminus for SeaSA's Spencer Gulf passenger ferry and a transshipping port for grain export operated by T-Ports. Lucky Bay is located immediately north-east of the Franklin Harbour wetlands. Its adjacent waters lie within the outer boundary of the Franklin Harbor Marine Park.

Lesotho is landlocked and completely dependent on South Africa for sea transport. The nearest major port and the transshipping point for the country is Durban. Recently due to delays out of Durban more companies have been using the Port Elizabeth facilities that are 2 hours farther south. Inland water transport is limited to small ferry boats at river crossings, and the Government of Lesotho operates boats at major crossings.

The inauguration of the new line enabled the Great Western Railway to divert to the route all of its traffic from the Eastern Valley Line; this included its heavy flow of coal from Aberdare over the Taff Vale Extension Line and over the PC&NR; line, turning east at Maindee to London and Southampton (via Basingstoke). Moreover the inconvenience of transshipping local narrow gauge traffic at Waterloo Junction and continuing through Newport was eliminated.

The victory was one of the greatest in the history of the Royal Swedish Navy. Even if transshipping Torstensson's soldiers to the Danish islands was no longer a threat, since these were now intent on meeting general Gallas' Imperial troops approaching from the south, the Danes realized that Sweden had total naval dominance after the battle. This paved the way for negotiations and eventually the treaty of Brömsebro on 13 August 1645.

The intention was to extend to Hebburn where deep water berths were available; this would avoid the transshipping into keels. The BG&HR; company approached the owners of Tanfield Lea Colliery on 2 July 1834, for the carriage of their coals: the Railway Company would take over the Tanfield Lea waggonway from its junction with the South Moor Colliery line to the Pit, paying the wayleaves, etc., and carrying the coals from the Bute Pit to Hebburn Quay for 5s. 9d. per chaldron.

The longitudinal sleepers are somewhat similar to modern-day Ladder track. The group of railways that had Brunel as their engineer were successful and the broad gauge track spread throughout the west of England, South Wales, and the West Midlands. But, as the British railway network spread, the incompatibility of the two systems became a serious blockage, as a wagon could not be sent from one system to the other without transshipping the goods by hand. A Gauge Commission was appointed to determine national policy.

It is located on the western side of the narrow shipping channel and may be subjected to impacts from moving Capesize vessels with limited under-keel clearance. Special Purpose Areas are juxtaposed over sanctuary zones to allow for activity associated with significant economic development. Shipping movements within the marine park were predicted to increase from approximately 360 per year to over 1000 by the year 2020, but this did not eventuate. Figures for shipping movement estimates did not include barge movements for transshipping activities.

Due to financial difficulties, neither line had been completed, and Booth worked to complete the entire route by 1882. The Coteau bridge was completed in 1890, thus eliminating the necessity of transshipping cargo by barge. The CAR formed a subsidiary, the Vermont and Province Line Railroad, which would build a line to Swanton, Vermont on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain in 1897, thus connecting Ottawa to the United States via the Delaware and Hudson Railway, the Rutland Railroad, and the Central Vermont Railway.

The privately owned Wenlock Basin was opened in 1826, next to City Road Basin, and passage through the tunnel was speeded up by the provision of a towing boat in 1830. This remained in use until the 1930s, and used a chain on the bottom of the canal, along which it wound its way. Large volumes of goods were being shipped locally, in contrast to the canal's original purpose of transshipping imports to the Midlands. The opening of the London and Birmingham Railway in 1838 actually increased the tonnage of coal carried by the canal.

Its terminal on the Tyne at Dunston required the use of keels to convey the coal downstream to shipping berths, requiring transshipping, and the Brandling Junction Railway opened a connection from the Tanfield line to Oakwellgate too, to bring the Tanfield coal to deeper water. This required the use of a short section of the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway near Redheugh. From 1840 passenger trains from London to Gateshead used the Brandling Junction line from Brockley Whins to Gateshead. The Brandling Junction Railway was taken over by the Newcastle and Darlington Junction Railway in 1844.

English wool finished as high-quality cloth in Bruges was bought by Peruzzi fattori and distributed to the luxurious courts of Paris, Avignon or returned to London. Peruzzi connections with the Knights Hospitallers gained them important local leverage in Rhodes, the economic capital of the Aegean and a transshipping port for silks, drugs, spices and luxuries from the East. Trade beyond Italy required agents and instruments of credit, extending the family business beyond its extended membership into an international network. In Italy was developed the double-entry bookkeeping that made such complicated financial transactions possible.

Technical solutions to avoid transshipping include variable gauge axles, replacing the bogies of cars, and using transporter cars that can carry a car of a different gauge. The Spanish manufacturers Talgo and CAF have developed dual-gauge axles (variable gauge axles) which permit through running between broad-gauge and standard-gauge lines. In Japan the Gauge Change Train, built on Talgo patents, runs on both standard and narrow gauge. Breaks-of-gauge might also be avoided by installing dual-gauge track, either permanently or as part of a project to replace one gauge with another.

An industry insider said that Hong Kong ports needed to stay competitive as it was already facing strong competition from other ports in the region such as Shenzhen; the trend, shifting from transshipping to directly importing through a mainland Chinese port, was not in Hong Kong's favour. Hongkong International said that instead of losing HK$5 million, the strike was costing it HK$2.4 million daily from 5 April because an "increasing number" of workers returned to work.Wang, Jasmine (19 April 2013). "Li Ka-Shing’s Striking Port Workers Lose Jobs as Protest Widens".

Soler would later claim that it was told the real reason for the refusal to allow transshipping was that Mitsubishi and Chrysler had divided their territories, informally agreeing that the former brand would have preference outside the mainland U.S. while Chrysler maintained it domestically. The dealership then began to suspect that Mitsubishi intended to sabotage its business in order to replace it with a wholly owned subsidiary once the brand had been established in Puerto Rico. Early in 1982 Soler stopped paying storage costs for the vehicles in Japan, claiming it had disowned them.Mitsubishi Motors I, at 160.

Holton, James L., The Reading Railroad: History of a Coal Age Empire, vol. 1; , pp. 129, 131 Franklin Gowen endeavored to improve upon the benefits to the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad of this shipping terminus / transshipping hub. In 1871–72, he undertook to undermine business of the competing independent coal dealers in the area—known as "factors"—by setting up a new sales organization under the auspices of the Coal & Iron Co. Gowen's aim was not only to market the Reading organization's coal, but that of other mine operators whose output the railroad hauled, as well.

According to Naftohaz, RosUkrEnergo owes the company $40 million for services in transportation of natural gas. On 5 January 2009, Kyiv's economic court banned Naftohaz from transshipping Russian natural gas in 2009 at the price of $1.60 per 1,600 cubic meters per 100 kilometers. The court declared contracts made by Naftohaz for the transit of natural gas through Ukraine void because the contracts were signed by Naftohaz without authorization from the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. On 30 March 2010, the Stockholm tribunal ordered Naftohaz to pay RosUkrEnergo around $200 million as a penalty for various breaches of supply, transit, and storage contracts.

The City Road Basin, the nearest to the City of London, soon eclipsed the Paddington Basin in the amount of goods carried, principally coal and building materials. These were goods that were being shipped locally, in contrast to the canal's original purpose of transshipping imports to the Midlands. The opening of the London and Birmingham Railway in 1838 actually increased the tonnage of coal carried by the canal. However, by the early twentieth century, with the Midland trade lost to the railways, and more deliveries made by road, the canal had fallen into a long decline.

The company's freight schedule charged $2 per ton for freight on Belle to Milwaukie, and $3 per ton for cargo to Oregon City. For points above Oregon City, freight rates rose sharply, reflecting the cost of transshipment around Willamette Falls, starting with $10 per ton for freight to Butteville and Champoeg, ranging up to $20 per ton for shipments to Corvallis. The company built a warehouse on the west side of Willamette Falls, at Linn City opposite from Oregon City, for the purpose of transshipping freight around the falls. The company intended to control transportation in the Willamette Valley.

With Okaihau being on the main State Highway north (SH1) it became the transshipping point for goods from rail onto road and vice versa. For the Okaihau Branch's first few decades of operation, passengers were catered for by mixed trains that carried freight as well and ran to slow timetables. These mixed services offered connections with the Northland Express passenger train that ran thrice weekly between Auckland and Opua, but in November 1956, the carriage train was replaced by a railcar service run by RM class 88 seaters. The northern terminus was changed from Opua to Okaihau, and the railway line rose in prominence and importance.

Gladstone is a major stop on the North Coast railway line, with long-distance passenger trains operated by QR Traveltrain stopping in the area. Gladstone is also the transshipping point for export coal from the Moura and Blackwater coal basins and is one of the largestest coal export ports in The Southern Hemisphere. Currently, coal trains of up to 1.7 km in length and 10,600 tonnes' gross weight are run by rail operators Aurizon and Pacific National to unload at coal terminals at Barney Point, Clinton, and Yarwun. Domestic coal is also railed to the Gladstone Power Station and the Queensland Alumina Limited refinery.

The Gooderham and Worts Distillery was founded in 1832. Once providing over of whisky, mostly for export on the world market, the company was bought out in later years by rival Hiram Walker Co., another large Canadian distiller. Its location on the side of the Canadian National Railway mainline and its proximity to the mouth of the original route of the Don River outlet into Lake Ontario created a hard edge which separated the district from neighbouring communities. These did, however, allow for a facilitated transport connection to the rest of Canada and the world and acted as Toronto's domination as an industrial centre or transshipping hub.

In the past, Greenhithe's waterfront on the estuary of the river Thames was used to build wharves for transshipping corn, wood and other commodities; its largest cargoes were of chalk and lime. This led in turn to the development of the cement industry at nearby Swanscombe. Greenhithe itself enjoyed a brief period of popularity during Victorian times as a tourist resort, with the building of Greenhithe Pier (now lost) in 1842. Its manor house has been fully restored and the village is accessible to the M25 motorway, High Speed 1's Ebbsfleet International station and, particularly relevant to its local economy, Bluewater shopping centre.

Known as Eudaemon (, meaning "blissful, prosperous,") in the 1st century BC, it was a transshipping point for the Red Sea trade, but fell on hard times when new shipping practices by-passed it and made the daring direct crossing to India in the 1st century AD, according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The same work describes Aden as "a village by the shore," which would well describe the town of Crater while it was still little- developed. There is no mention of fortification at this stage, Aden was more an island than a peninsula as the isthmus (a tombolo) was not then so developed as it is today.

The first load of wheat arrived at the storage facility at Lucky Bay in October 2019 and the purpose-built MV Lucky Eyre arrived from China in late March 2020 for dry and wet commissioning. The vessel has a reported draft of 4.2 metres, travels at an average speed of 7.2 knots and can carry a cargo of 3,300 tonnes of grain. Sea Transport claims that the vessel is capable of loading 10,800 to 13,250 tonnes of grain per day in "good weather". The Maritime Union of Australia has unsuccessfully attempted to meet with T-Ports to discuss concerns they have over the operation's compliance and safety given the exposed nature of the transshipping location within Spencer Gulf.

For example, the present Lehholz quarry dates back to 1252 AD when Rudolf II von Rapperswil founded the nearby Wurmsbach Abbey in Jona. It was transferred with oxen to the lake shore transshipping point to be shipped with so-called Ledi boats towards the present Sechsläutenplatz Zürich far into the 19th century. Particularly the present municipality of Zürich used the Bollingen quarries for the construction of countless public and private buildings, for example, the cathedral towers and the city fortifications, or the Zunfthaus zur Meisen that was built in 1757 with stone from the Buechberg quarry. It was also used for the Fraumünster and Grossmünster churches in Zürich, as well as for the Einsiedeln and St. Gallen abbeys.

They also wanted to ensure that they bought enough land to allow a standard gauge railway to be constructed "at any future time." The North Eastern Railway, owners of the Nidd Valley Railway, argued that it should be standard gauge from the outset, since they were running excursions to Pateley Bridge twice a week, and these could continue over the Nidd Valley Light Railway. It would also remove the necessity of transshipping goods. The Board of Trade were reticent about allowing a Municipal Authority, in this case Bradford, to build a railway which was located outside its area of jurisdiction, and was not connected to a railway which started within its area.

In 1928, Standard Oil of Indiana purchased the Lago transshipment Pan American Petroleum facility in Aruba, as well as the oil holdings under Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. Standard Oil of Indiana then began to build a small refinery next to the transshipping facility port. Soon after the small refinery had been completed, a tax was anticipated to be imposed by the U S Government on imported crude. Standard of Indiana had only marketing outlets in the United States and knew they could not compete when selling imported oil that had been burdened with a toll, so they sold all their holdings to Standard Oil of New Jersey, who had marketing outlets around the world.

The Moors brought the technique of tin-glazed earthenware to Al-Andalus, where the art of lustreware with metallic glazes was perfected. From at least the 14th century, Málaga in Andalusia and later Valencia exported these "Hispano-Moresque wares", either directly or via the Balearic Islands to Italy and the rest of Europe. Later these industries continued under Christian lords. "Majolica" and "maiolica" are garbled versions of "Maiorica","the larger one" in Medieval Latin and Italian, as opposed to Menorca, "the smaller one" of the Balearic Islands the island of Majorca, which was a transshipping point for refined tin-glazed earthenwares shipped to Italy from the kingdom of Aragon in Spain at the close of the Middle Ages.

In the twelfth century, the site passed to the comte du Forez, under whose care it began to recover. An overland route led to Lyon and the Rhône, thus Roanne developed as a transshipping point between Paris and the Mediterranean in early modern France, when waterways were at least as important as roads. The renewed navigation on the Loire encouraged the export of local products-- wines, including casks of Beaujolais that had been shipped overland, ceramics, textiles--and after 1785, coal from Saint-Étienne, which had formerly been onloaded upstream at Saint-Rambert, since river improvements at the beginning of the century. Sturdy goods were rafted downriver on sapinières that were dismantled after use.

In the 1st century BC, the Arabian city of Eudaemon (usually identified with the port of Aden), in Arabia Felix, was a transshipping port in the Red Sea trade. It was described in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (probably 1st century AD) as if it had fallen on hard times. Of the auspiciously named port we read in the periplus that :Eudaemon Arabia was once a full-fledged city, when vessels from India did not go to Egypt and those of Egypt did not dare sail to places further on, but came only this far. New developments in trade during the 1st century AD avoided the middlemen at Eudaemon and made the dangerous direct crossing of the Arabian Sea to the coast of India.

The SLPA had decided to divert all vehicle shipments to the Ruhunu Magampura Mahinda Rajapaksa International port from May 31, 2012 as a measure to relieve the congestion at Sri Lanka's main port Colombo Harbour. On June 6, 2012, Ruhunu Magampura Mahinda Rajapaksa International Port officially started transshipment operations with the N4K FRICIA ship from Japan containing 15 vehicles and the Ellison Sun with 1000 vehicles from Chennai Harbour, India. Japanese, South Korean and Indian car makers have begun transshipping increasing numbers of vehicles through the port. In the first nine months of 2014, the number of vehicles handled at Hambantota crossed the 100,000 mark, up more than 300% compared to the same period in 2013, with the number of ship calls more than doubling to 161.

Helper locomotives at the end of the train are rarely used in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The load of the freight per train is not as heavy as on American railways. However the 2500m long trains on the Mauritania Railway use the SA3 coupler. Although the SA-3 coupler is primarily used in the countries of the former Soviet Union, they are visible every day at the transshipping stations, at the eastern borders of the European Union (Poland, Slovakia and Hungary). Since bogie-changing technology has progressed, this allows for cars with SA-3 coupler to regularly operate on the standard gauge tracks. A special converter car is inserted between standard and broad gauge cars for this operation, with different couplers (SA-3 and standard) on either end.

The university drew students not just from the Byzantine Empire, but from Armenia as well.Calzolari, V. "The Armenian translation of the Greek Neoplatonic Works" in Greek Texts and Armenian Traditions: An Interdisciplinary Approach, 2016, p. 51 The city regained importance when it became the seat of the theme of Chaldia. Trebizond also benefited when the trade route regained importance in the 8th to 10th centuries; 10th-century Muslim authors note that Trebizond was frequented by Muslim merchants, as the main source transshipping Byzantine silks into eastern Muslim countries.R.B. Serjeant, Islamic Textiles: material for a history up to the Mongol conquest, 1972, pp 63, 213, noted by David Jacoby, "Silk Economics and Cross-Cultural Artistic Interaction: Byzantium, the Muslim World, and the Christian West", Dumbarton Oaks Papers 58 (2004:197–240) p.

In 1857, Joseph-Édouard Turcotte formed the St. Maurice Railway & Steam, incorporated to the North Shore Railway the next year; the project included a navigation line on St-Maurice river between Les Piles and La Tuque. In 1878, the QMO&OR; built the railway between Cap-de-la-Madeleine (3 miles east of Trois-Rivières) and Les Piles (Grandes-Piles is situated upstream of Grand-Mère and Shawinigan falls; the site was used for sorting, piling and transshipping of logs floated on St- Maurice river). In 1878, the St. Lawrence, Lower Laurentian & Saguenay Railway was created to build a railway between Trois-Rivières and lake St-John; in 1888 the name was changed to the Lower Laurentian Railway and it built a line between Garneau junction (Piles branch) and Hervey. In 1895, the bought the line which reached Rivières-à-Pierre in 1901.

The Port of Cagliari is in the west of the Mediterranean Sea, a position which has made it a commercial and strategic junction for over 2,500 years.History of the port Founded by the Phoenicians, launched by the Carthaginians and flourished under the Romans, for centuries the port in Cagliari has been in a continuous expansion program. Thanks to the large spaces available and its enormous operating potential, the Port of Cagliari can accommodate heavy commercial traffic by moving conventional goods, bulk goods, Ro-Ro traffic and transshipping containerized goods, all which are flanked by passenger services, fishing, yachting and cruise activities. On 20 June, 2019, the Cict, a subsidiary of the Contship Italia Group, announced the full dismission of its activities in the Porto Canale after 23 years of operations and the start of a collective firing procedure for the around 200-300 workers of the company.

The eastern arm of the triangle to the future Maindee East Junction led nowhere, as there were no siding or other facilities to handle arriving narrow gauge trains. Powers were taken for the Great Western Railway, the Midland Railway and the London & North Western Railway, or any of them, to use or work the line or to subscribe for shares in the Company. Most importantly powers were taken for the laying of mixed gauge track on the GWR main line between Maindee West Junction and Waterloo Junction, and the use of Newport High Street GWR station.Statutory announcement in the Derbyshire Advertiser and Journal, 23 November 1864 The proposal was speculative; the junctions with the broad gauge GWR would still require transshipping of goods and minerals for onward transit, and the eastward spur at Maindee did not lead to sidings where that might be done.

Thus it would give transport access for pits on the line to Glasgow (over the Ballochney and Monkland and Kirkintilloch lines) and to Edinburgh, by transshipping to the Union Canal at Causewayend.Don Martin, The Monkland & Kirkintilloch and Associated Railways, Strathkelvin District Libraries and Museums, Glasgow, 1995, The promoters anticipated a relatively frequent horse-drawn one-coach passenger service between Airdrie and Causewayend. The undulations on the route would allow the horse to ride on the downhill sections: > The drawing horse [would be] carried behind the coach in a covered stable > waggon. In this way a single Horse would be enabled to perform the journey > from Airdrie to Causewayend with a Passenger Carriage once a day, and > allowing for spare Horses, five opportunities per day could be given at the > expense of maintaining six Horses, with the means of conveying from 130 to > 140 Passengers each way daily.

ISSF is calling on fishers, processors, governments and conservationists to put their strengths to work for the most commonly fished tuna species – skipjack, yellowfin, bigeye, and albacore. Commitments currently in effect: • ISSF participating companies are to refrain from transactions in tuna caught by vessels on the IUU list of any tRFMO; • Vessels will provide data to tRFMO scientific bodies to support the execution of their responsibility for tuna conservation and management; • tuna products must comply with ISSF resolution 09-01, “IUU Fishing”, and upon discovery of a violation, a participating company will withdraw product from the market place; • credibly trace tuna products from capture to plate, including name/flag of catcher and transshipping vessels, fish species, ocean of capture, corresponding tuna RFMO area, fishing trip dates, fishing gear employed, date the company took ownership of the fish and each species by weight; • refrain from transactions in tuna caught by large-scale pelagic driftnets and • establish and publish company policy prohibiting shark-finning.

1907 German map showing Forcados (underlined) and Badjibo Lease terms were determined by agreements signed on 20 May 1903 giving effect to article 8 of the convention of 14 June 1898 by the French Foreign Minister Théophile Delcassé, and Sir Edmund Monson, British Ambassador to France. The agreement was reached in the context of the Entente cordiale between the two countries, ending a period of tension and competition over territories in Africa, and based on the principle of freedom of navigation along the length of the Niger. Each leased territory amounted to approximately 47 hectares (less than 0.2 square miles) and was designated for the unloading, storing and transshipping of goods, with residents confined to staff employed for these purposes together with their families and servants. The lease was for a renewable period of thirty years in each case, and included conditions such as a requirement to enclose the area and to forbid retail trading.

The Forth Bridge approachesAt first the E&NR; route, being considerably shorter, (and much quicker than the stage coach journey that was formerly the swiftest,) was considered the better route, but in time the inconvenience of the ferry crossings became a serious disadvantage. For goods and mineral traffic they were even worse, requiring the contents to be physically transshipped from goods wagon to ship and so on.John Thomas and David Turnock, A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume 15, North of Scotland, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1989, The successor railway to the E&NR;, the Edinburgh, Perth and Dundee Railway, installed train ferries for goods and mineral traffic: the wagons were transferred on to rails on the ferryboats, avoiding the transshipping, but this was still an imperfect arrangement. In time the multiplicity of Scottish railway companies coalesced: the Scottish Central Railway became part of the Caledonian Railway, and the Edinburgh, Perth and Dundee Railway became part of the North British Railway.

Ithaca became a transshipping point for salt from curing beds near Salina, New York to buyers south and east. This prompted construction in 1810 of the Owego Turnpike. When the War of 1812 cut off access to Nova Scotia gypsum, used for fertilizer, Ithaca became the center of trade in Cayuga gypsum. The Cayuga Steamboat Company was organized in 1819 and in 1820 launched the first steamboat on Cayuga Lake, the Enterprise. In 1821, the village was incorporated at the same time the Town of Ithaca was organized and separated from the parent Town of Ulysses. In 1834, the Ithaca and Owego Railroad's first horse-drawn train began service, connecting traffic on the east–west Erie Canal (completed in 1825) with the Susquehanna River to the south to expand the trade network. With the depression of 1837, the railroad was re- organized as the Cayuga & Susquehanna. It was re-engineered with switchbacks in the late 1840s; in the late 20th century a short section of this route in the city and town of Ithaca was used for the South Hill Recreation Way.