In 1991, the number of people in Toxotes dropped to 802 inhabitants. The community consists of the settlements Toxotes, Agios Athanasios, Thalassia, Kosmiti, Megalo Tympano, Mikro Tympano, Poimni and Semeli. Toxotes has a station on the Thessaloniki–Alexandroupoli railway.
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Toxotes oligolepis and Toxotes kimberleyensis have a similar colour pattern.Dianne J. Bray, 2011, Kimberley Archerfish, Toxotes kimberleyensis, in Fishes of Australia, accessed 18 May 2016. Nonetheless, T. kimberleyensis differs from T. oligolepis in several notable respects. The type specimen of T. oligolepis was thought to have been collected near Buru.
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Semeli () is a settlement in the Xanthi regional unit of Greece, part of the community of Toxotes. It is located northeast of Toxotes and approximately 12 kilometers southwest of Xanthi. In 1991, the settlement contained around 39 inhabitants.
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Bleeker's 1878 Atlas Ichthyologique Toxotes jaculatrix were originally described by Peter Simon Pallas in 1767. Since then, several synonyms (such as Labrus jaculatrix and Sciaena jaculatrix) and misspellings (Toxotes jaculator) have come into use. Toxotes is Greek for "bowman" or "archer", and specifically refers to Sagittarius. The species name jaculatrix is related to the English jaculate and means "thrower" or "caster" (of a dart or arrow).
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Toxotes kimberleyensis is a species of archerfish found in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.Toxotes kimberleyensis at www.fishbase.org. It was first named by Gerald R. Allen in 2004, and is commonly known as the Kimberley archerfish, largescale archerfish, or western archerfish.Common names for Toxotes kimberleyensis at www.fishbase.org.
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Toxotes chatareus reproduce by spawning. Spawning in T. chatareus are homochronal (females only spawn once per season) and iteroparous (spawning occurs more than once in a fish's lifespan). Breeding in Toxotes chatareus occurs in the wet season. T. chatareus breed both in brackish and in fresh water.
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Thalassia (, previously known as Denizli) is a settlement in the Xanthi regional unit of Greece. It is part of the community Toxotes. It is located 4 kilometers southwest of Toxotes and 15.8 kilometers southwest of Xanthi. In 1991, the population of Thalassia was around 365 inhabitants.
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Toxotes lorentzi is a tropical freshwater fish found in streams and swamps of the Northern Territory of Australia, Irian Jaya (Indonesia), and Papua New Guinea.Toxotes lorentzi at www.fishbase.org. It was first named by Weber in 1910, and is commonly known as the primitive archerfish or Lorentz's archerfish.Australian Faunal DirectoryCommon names for Toxotes lorentzi at www.fishbase.org.
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Toxotes chatareus, sometimes known by the common names common archerfish, seven-spot archerfish or largescale archerfish, is a species of perciform fish in the archerfish genus Toxotes.Martin F. Gomon & Dianne J. Bray (2011) Sevenspot Archerfish, Toxotes chatareus. Fishes of Australia. Retrieved 29 Aug 2014 They are usually no larger than but may grow up to .
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The smallscale archerfish (Toxotes microlepis) is a perciform fish of genus Toxotes. As its name suggests, the scales of the smallscale archerfish are smaller than those of other archerfish. They reach a maximum length of . Smallscale archerfish live in the tropical Indo-Pacific region and are potamodromous, moving between fresh and brackish water through their lifetimes.
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The banded archerfish (Toxotes jaculatrix) is a brackish water perciform fish of the archerfish genus Toxotes. It is silvery in colour and has a dorsal fin towards the posterior end. It has distinctive, semi-triangular markings along its sides. It is best known for its ability to spit a jet of water to "shoot down" prey.
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Ceryx toxotes is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by George Hampson in 1898. It is found in South Africa.
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Agrilus toxotes is a species of metallic wood-boring beetle in the family Buprestidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
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Toxotes blythii, the clouded archerfish or zebra archerfish, is a perciform fish of genus Toxotes. It is found in rivers and estuaries in Myanmar, ranging from the lower Irrawaddy to the Tenasserim Division, including lower Sittaung and Salween. Unlike some other archerfish, it is restricted to fresh water. This species was formerly thought to be identical to T. microlepis (smallscale archerfish).
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Ageli () is a settlement in the Xanthi regional unit of Greece. It is located northeast of Toxotes and is approximately 14 kilometers from Xanthi.
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Allen, G.R. (2004). Toxotes kimberleyensis, a new species of archerfish (Pisces: Toxotidae) from fresh waters of Western Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56: 225–230.
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It is most commonly observed in surface waters. Because Toxotes lorentzi has wide distribution and no major widespread threats are known, IUCN considers it to be of "Least Concern".
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Toxotes chatareus are of moderate size, usually between . Rarely, they may reach up to in length. T. chatareus weigh up to . T. chatareus are believed to have a lifespan of three to five years.
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However, differences in structure and colouration caused the splitting of T. blythii into a new species. It is sometimes seen in the aquarium trade, but is generally rare.Practical Fishkeeping (23 February 2011). Clouded archerfish, Toxotes blythii.
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The name Toxotes was used to describe the mythic Sagittarius, a legendary creature thought to be a centaur.Stephen Trzaskoma, R. Scott Smith, Stephen Brunet, and Thomas G. Palaima. Anthology of Classical Myth: Primary Sources in Translation. Hackett Publishing: 2004, , p. 106.
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Toxotes chatareus have a minor part in fisheries. They are sometimes caught by anglers and are described as "reasonable eating". T. chatareus are caught and sold in markets, where they are often grouped with the banded archerfish and simply sold as "archerfish". T. chatareus are sometimes kept in the aquarium.
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However, only an actual mirror test can determine if they actually recognize their own reflections, or if they are just demonstrating exploratory behavior. A classic mirror test has yet to be done on manta rays. Another fish that may pass the mirror test is an archerfish, Toxotes chatareus. A study in 2016 showed that archerfish can discriminate between human faces.
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Toxotes () is a settlement and a community in the Xanthi regional unit of Greece, part of the municipality Topeiros. It is located approximately 13.9 kilometers from Xanthi and 1 kilometer east of the river Nestos. In 2011, the population was 819 for the village, and 1,845 for the community. In 1981, the population of the settlement was around 2,198 inhabitants.
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It crosses the river Nestos at Paranesti, and follows it until Toxotes. It passes Xanthi and Komotini, and reaches the Aegean Sea at Alexandroupoli, where it ends at the Alexandroupoli railway station, which is further connected to Pythio via the Alexandroupoli–Svilengrad railway The line is single line. On the whole, the route has 36 tunnels and 251 bridges.OSE Network Statement, 2017, annexes It follows a particularly scenic route.
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The banded archerfish may also be confused with the smallscale archerfish, Toxotes microlepis. These are more difficult to distinguish, but the most striking difference is in the last two bands. While both species have four or five wedge-shaped bands, those of the banded archerfish extend to the dorsal fin, whereas those of the smallscale archerfish do not; there are two spots on the dorsal fin separate from the main bar.
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Species in the genus Toxotes, including the banded archerfish, are kept as aquarium fish. In aquaria, the banded archerfish can grow up to long. They swim at the top level of the aquarium. Banded archerfish can be kept in small groups of three to five; fish of the same size get along but fish that are larger may be aggressive towards those that are smaller, and even try to eat them.
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The banded archerfish and its relative the largescale archerfish (Toxotes chatareus) are sometimes grouped and sold together under the label "archerfish". However, the banded archerfish has four dorsal spines whereas largescale archerfish has five. The banded archerfish usually has four to five wedge-shaped bands, but largescale archerfish has six or seven spots and shorter bands in a regular, alternating pattern. Unlike the silvery banded archerfish, the largescale is sooty in colour.
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The big scale archerfish (Toxotes oligolepis) is a species of fish in the family Toxotidae. It is endemic to the Molucca Islands (Indonesia) and possibly the Philippines. Almost nothing is known about this species and there is only a single confirmed specimen, which likely was collected from Bacan ("Batjan") Islands. It was formerly reported from Western Australia (in which case the common name western archerfish was used), but this is a separate species, T. kimberleyensis.
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The range of Toxotes lorentzi includes a handful of areas in the Northern Territory of Australia: the Timor Sea drainage at Yam Creek, the Finniss River, and Sawcut Creek, Deaf Adder Creek, and Baroalba Creek, part of the South Alligator River system. In addition, it is also common in the Fly River Delta. Its range also includes the Balima River and the Merauke River of central southern New Guinea. T. lorentzi generally inhabits swamps and the edges of streams with vegetative cover.
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Like other archerfish, Toxotes chatareus are able to spit streams of water to knock prey into the water. Despite lacking a neocortex, T. chatareus has well-developed visual cognition and pattern-recognition abilities which allow it to hit prey at distances of up to against complex backgrounds. Behaviour studies on the visual processing of T. chatareus have found that this species is able to recognize and distinguish between different human faces. They feed during the day, consuming plant matter and insects.
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Sagittarius () (Greek: Τοξότης Toxotes, Latin: Sagittarius) is the ninth astrological sign, which is associated with the constellation Sagittarius and spans 240–270th degrees of the zodiac. Under the tropical zodiac, the sun transits this sign between approximately November 23 and December 21. Greek mythology associates Sagittarius with the centaur Chiron, who mentored Achilles, a Greek hero of the Trojan War, in archery. Sagittarius, the half human and half horse, is the centaur of mythology, the learned healer whose higher intelligence forms a bridge between Earth and Heaven.
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Toxotes lorentzi is believed to range in length from , though a specimens reaching in length have been observed. T. lorentzi normally has five dorsal spines and is a silvery tan or brown colour, with a dark pectoral base. While bars and spots are distinct features of other members of the genus, T. lorentzi usually has no markings, or else very faint bars on its sides. T. lorentzi usually has three gill rakers on the lower limb of its first branchial arch, but two and four are also possible.
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Archerfish are distributed throughout the waters of Australia and Indonesia, including a population in western Australia historically identified as Toxotes oligolepis. In 1978, in his Review of the Archerfishes, Gerald R. Allen suggested that "there is a possibility that [this population] may represent a distinct species". A direct comparison with the type material of T. oligolepis in 2001 revealed the Kimberley specimens differed in several ways, including having a deeper body and shorter dorsal fin spines. The specific name kimberleyensis refers to the Kimberley region of western Australia, where the species is localized.
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It usually has fewer than 38 scales on its lateral line. T. lorentzi was described by Max Carl Wilhelm Weber in 1910. It was initially believed that T. lorentzi is the most "primitive" species of archerfish due to its lack of markings and straight dorsal line, a view that Weber endorsed; Gilbert Whitley, who shared this view, reclassified T. lorentzi under the new monotypic genus Prototoxotes which he erected for it in 1950. However, later authors disputed the assertion that T. lorentzi is more primitive and simply consider Prototoxotes a synonym of Toxotes, where T. lorentzi is usually placed.
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Toxotes chatareus are found in India, Burma, Indonesia and New Guinea, and northern Australia. They are generally found in temperature ranges of , though they have been recorded at temperatures as high as in the Alligator Rivers region and as low as in the Burdekin river region; these are believed to be the upper and lower limits of their tolerance, respectively. Brackish mangrove swamps form its main habitat, but T. chatareus are also found in freshwater rivers and streams. It occurs in rivers of the Kimberley region of Western Australia, the Kakadu area of the Northern Territory and Arnhem Land in Australia.
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Pythio station, where OSE's network connected to that of Turkish State Railways (TCDD) until February 2011 This railway line, 620 km long, joins Thessaloniki via the Port of Alexandroupoli to Svilengrad in Bulgaria, passing through or near most major cities of East Macedonia and Thrace (Serres, Drama, Xanthi, Komotini). At Strymon, the line connects with a northbound line along Strymon River Valley to Promachonas, which then joins with the Bulgarian network at Kulata. The line section from Stavroupoli to Toxotes runs along Nestos River Valley and is part of a preserved area that is not accessible by road. From Alexandroupolis, the line continues northwards, where it runs alongside the Evros River, that marks the border between Greece and Turkey.
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They typically spit at prey at a mean angle of about 74° from the horizontal but can still aim accurately when spitting at angles between 45° and 110°.Temple, S. E. "Effect of salinity on the refracive index of water: considerations for archer fish aerial vision" 'Journal of Fish Biology' Vol 70, 1626–1629 2007. When an archerfish selects its prey, it rotates its eye so that the image of the prey falls on a particular portion of the eye in the ventral temporal periphery of the retina,Temple, S.E., Hart, N. S., and Colin, S. P. "A spitting image: visual specializations of the arsherfish (Toxotes chatareus)" 'Brain Behaviour and Evolution' Vol. 73, 309 2009.
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In addition to his work in expanding and improving the Steinhart Aquarium he was also the presenter of the television show Science in Action, replacing the original host Dr Tom Groody, and he presented the show for the rest of its runs between 1952 and 1966, when the show ceased production. This was a half- hour weekly show, produced by the California Academy of Sciences, which was originally broadcast locally in the San Francisco Bay area but which was eventually shown all over the world. It contained discussions of science topics with noted scientists as well as a popular segment involving unpredictable animals. In one especially notable sequence Herald demonstrated the ability of archer fish Toxotes jaculatrix to shoot food from the walls of their aquarium having spent the previous weeks training the fish.
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This behaviour in an orange-dotted tuskfish (Choerodon anchorago) has been filmed; the fish fans sand to unearth the bivalve, takes it into its mouth, swims several metres to a rock which it uses as an anvil by smashing the mollusc apart with sideward thrashes of the head. Archerfish (family Toxotidae) squirt jets of water at insects on plants above the surface to knock them into the water; they can adjust the size of the squirts to the size of the insect prey and learn to shoot at moving targets.Schlegel, T., Schmid, C.J., and Schuster, S. (2006) Archerfish shots are evolutionarily matched to prey adhesion. Current Biology 16: R836-R837.Schuster, S., Wöhl, S., Griebsch, M., and Klostermeier, I. (2006) Animal cognition: how archer fish learn to down rapidly moving targets. Current Biology 16: 378-383Dill, L.M. (1977) Refraction and the spitting behavior of the archerfish (Toxotes chatareus), Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2: 169-184.
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