360 Sentences With "swellings" | Random Sentence Generator

One morning, she woke up blind, with red swellings that blocked her vision.

These swellings, known as buboes, typically pop up in the groin, neck, and armpits.

It's not as dramatic as baboon's sexual swellings, but there is something that is changing.

Symptoms include a high fever, an enlarged spleen and swellings of the throat in some animals.

In the divides the war rended, you can see the swellings of today's impenetrable political bubbles.

"Hippocrates used the carcinos (crab) and carcinoma to desribe a range of tumours and swellings," David and Zimmerman wrote.

Females have baroque anogenital swellings, the better to attract the interest of multiple males, not one "best" alpha guy.

Instead it became known as a cure for worms, warts, ringworm, freckles and cold swellings, with the name Apocynum erectum.

It is called the perineal raphe, and is where the urogenital swellings fuse together in utero after the production of testosterone.

Sondheim's night music occupied a single house in wry waltz time; Lloyd Webber's the operatic basement in melodramatic swellings—musicals, still, of Gigantic Importance.

A blissfully flea-bitten, shit-reeking dog might itself gag a bit at some of the animal kingdom's most extreme swellings, its most frenzied fluid-play.

There, an elaborate system of seismographs and devices to measure minute swellings and shrinkage of local bedrock are still testament to a belief that reliable earthquake precursors can be found.

Clubroot produces swellings on canola's roots, choking them of nutrients and stunting growth of the plant's valuable seeds, but the disease does not affect the quality of canola oil and meal.

In October 85003, ships docked at the port of Messina in Sicily filled with sailors stricken by a mysterious illness that produced dark swellings, or buboes, in the armpits and groin.

It really does feel like a minimalist vehicle, whereas this Smart concept has all sorts of swellings and protrusions on its body that are supposed to distinguish it from the underlying base of the Fortwo cabrio.

They saw that the virus hitched a ride on immune cells to a nearby lump of immune tissue called a lymph node (the same swellings you can feel under your jaw when you have a bad cold).

Red colored baboon buttocks Sexual swellings are enlarged areas of genital and perineal skin occurring in some female primates that vary in size over the course of the menstrual cycle. Thought to be an honest signal of fertility, male primates are attracted to these swellings; preferring, and competing for, females with the largest swellings. Though heavily investigated, the ultimate function of sexual swellings remains unknown. Over the last 50 years, eight principal explanations have been proposed, each claiming to account for the function of exaggerated swellings.

Indeed, species with such swellings have twice as many males per group than those without. Furthermore, whilst 71% of Old World primate species living in multi-male groups show exaggerated swellings, no females living within single-male groups do. In some instances, however, sexual swellings can be seen in primate societies with alternative mating systems; for example, female langur monkeys exhibit swellings but live within polygamous single-male groups. Primates with exaggerated sexual swellings also demonstrate non-seasonal breeding patterns, longer mating periods and longer ovulation cycles.

Sexual swellings are water-filled edemas of mainly the external or internal genitalia of female primates. However, the swellings can also extend to the skin of the circumanal, subcausal and paracallosal regions. Such swellings can be categorized into two groups: small and exaggerated. Small swellings are characterised by a moderate size and pinkness of the genitalia, and can be found in Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, prosimians and gibbons.

Also from week six, labioscrotal swellings develop laterally of urogenital folds, and labioscrotal swellings later form scrotal swellings. Hormone–dependent development of external genitalia begins at about week eight. External genitalia differentiates under the action of testosterone and DHT. DHT causes development of other male sex characteristics, such as prostate development, differentiation of external genitalia including genital tubercle elongation forming glans penis, urogenital folds forming penile shaft and labioscrotal swellings forming scrotum by week ten.

Additionally, forelimb swellings appear to be correlated with development of the males' eye glands. Due to the dimorphism of forelimb swellings, It is thought that they could be correlated with mating behaviors.

Alone, however, no single hypothesis is believed to account for the function of sexual swellings; a combination of these theories may be more appropriate. In line with this ideal, the most recent account regarding the function of sexual swellings (the graded-signals hypothesis) combines several existing theories in the attempt to provide a more comprehensive account of sexual swellings.

Female Bili apes have genital swellings similar to other chimpanzees.

A poultice of the plant has been used to treat swellings.

This division creates two areas one surrounded by the urethral folds and the other by the anal folds. These areas become the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle. The area between the vagina and the anus is known as the clinical perineum. At the same time a pair of swellings on either side of the urethral folds known as the genital swellings develop into the labioscrotal swellings.

The larvae have been recorded feeding within blister rust (Peridermium) swellings on Pinus ponderosa.

An altered version of Holland and Rice's chase-away model is cited to explain the function of sexual swellings. The chase-away model is governed by the idea of "sensory exploitation", in which traits evolve to greatly stimulate the perceivers’ sensory system. As a result, these traits serve to manipulate a perceiver's behaviour in favour of the signaller. In the specific case of sexual swellings, it is a male's inherent preference for large swellings as a signal of fertility is exploited to combat male resistance to mate Therefore, small sexual swellings are thought to have become exaggerated as a form of antagonistic coevolution.

In Malawi the powdered bark extract is applied to swellings and inflammation for quick relief.

This section covers the range of hypotheses that provide explanations of proposed functions for these swellings.

The best-male hypothesis for sexual swellings is one of the longest standing explanations for the function of sexual swellings in primates. The hypothesis proposes that sexual swellings incite competition between males for access to a female by indicating her fertility and receptivity. This allows the female to identify the eventual winner as the "best male", with higher fitness and the best genes to pass on to her offspring. The hypothesis therefore proposes that sexual swellings are signals by which females, through advertising that they are receptive to mating, aim to increase their chances of high quality offspring by inciting competition between males in a group.

Floor of pharynx at about 26 days showing lateral swellings at first pharyngeal arch (mandibular arch). The tongue begins to develop in the fourth week of embryonic development from a median swelling – the median tongue bud (tuberculum impar) of the first pharyngeal arch. In the fifth week a pair of lateral lingual swellings, one on the right side and one on the left, form on the first pharyngeal arch. These lingual swellings quickly expand and cover the median tongue bud.

The round ligament develops from the gubernaculum which attaches the gonad to the labioscrotal swellings in the embryo.

The cortical filaments are terminated by small swellings, called utricles, which form the external surface of the thallus.

Investigation into the social passport hypothesis has yielded contradictory results. Observations of common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the Tai Forest, for instance, led to the discovery that sterile adolescent females or subordinate mothers exhibit swellings upon their emigration to new communities, suggesting that the swellings do indeed function to eliminate any social stress that could be directed at them during the emigration period. However, research on olive colobus monkeys (Procolobus verus) residing in the same region showed females to emigrate without displaying sexual swellings. On the basis of this evidence, it has been suggested that the social passport hypothesis is not an appropriate explanation of the function of sexual swellings in this species.

In contrast, exaggerated swellings are larger in size, and their prevalence is mainly restricted to Old World primate species. For instance, they occur in all species of Cercocebus, Mandrillus, Theropithecus, Papio and Pan, and in most macaques, colobines and guenons. Researchers have attempted to determine the characteristics of the primate species displaying these exaggerated swellings. It has been identified that species which exhibit exaggerated sexual swellings predominantly live in multi-male social systems; large social groups with multiple adults of both sexes, as well as their offspring.

This may be correlated with the larger jaw size of females. While both males and females have glands below the jaw and surrounding the eyes, the glands in males are generally larger. Males also have forelimb swellings, which are not seen in females. The size and presence of such swellings varies geographically.

The Zuni people apply a poultice of the powdered flower of the hookeri subspecies and saliva at night to swellings.

Specifically, of the 23 species which are both non-seasonal breeders and live in multi-male societies, 91% have sexual swellings. Nonetheless, nonseasonal reproductive environments are not a necessary precursor for the selection of sexual swellings. Indeed, females who are seasonal breeders, such as the female Barbary macaques, also exhibit exaggerated sexual swellings.Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (2008).

Acalitus brevitarsus is an eriophyid mite which induces domed, blister like swellings, known as galls, on some species of alder (Alnus species).

In general, males respond to female sexual swellings as though they provide indications of female fertility, using these swellings to determine their level of investment and effort in courting females. In male baboons, mating effort is determined by the size of the female's swellings, which, in turn, impacts levels of male- male aggression, competition and fighting behaviours, as well as how much time is invested in grooming and courting the female. Peak swelling also correlates with higher levels of mate guarding behaviour, with males preferring to guard those females whose swellings are close to or at maximal swelling, as well as performing more perineal inspections on such females. The greater access to the most swollen females is usually granted to and won by the most dominant males in the group.

Male primates are highly attracted to females when their sexual swellings are largest, and demonstrate preferential mating during periods of maximal swelling. Males tend to compete more for females whose swellings are at their maximum point. Male–male competition peaks, and males attempting to mate with the females with the largest swellings receive increased levels of aggression from other males as a result. Observations of chimpanzees have revealed that the presence of at least one female who was maximally swollen prompted higher levels of aggression between males in a group, as well as increased levels of sexual behaviour.

The desired effect was to make the patient sweat violently and thus purge all corruption from the blood which was caused by the disease.Eminent Physician, 1721, pp. 21–22 Another practice was the use of pigeons when treating swellings. Swellings which were white in appearance and deep were unlikely to break and were anointed with Oil of Lillies or Camomil.

One example of this stems from research into sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys); the females of this species have been found to produce sexual swellings both when they are fertile and when they are with child. Additionally, sexual swellings are only observed during the most fertile period of a female's menstrual cycle in 26-35 species of anthropoid primates, in contrast to Hrdy's prediction.

Oenothera coronopifolia, the crownleaf evening primrose, is a plant species. The Zuni people apply a poultice of the powdered flower and saliva night to swellings.

Metophyma is cushion-like swellings on the forehead above the saddle of the nose.Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. .

Use extensively in timber production. Timber is hard, and used in building constructions. A decoction of root-bark is used in rheumatism and swellings in traditional medicine.

The size of sexual swellings not only varies within each cycle, but also across female cycles and across species. Specifically, the maximal swelling size increases from cycle to cycle for individual female chimpanzees and baboons. Additionally, the duration of maximal sexual swellings size varies considerably between species. Baboons for instance, have a maximal swelling lasting approximately 15.1 days, whilst the duration of maximal swelling is 10.9 days in chimpanzees.

Muzzle short and broad. Nostrils small, rounded, and placed between facial swellings. Small ears with prominent tragus and antitragus. Fur is dense, short, silky, and covers entire body.

The association found between female fertility and sexual swelling size in several species of macaque offers support for this hypothesis. Specifically, females of low fertility, such as adolescents, exhibited substantially larger swellings than adults of a higher fertility level. Research remains fairly consistent across animal species; female yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) who struggle to conceive are, on average, those that display the most prominent sexual swellings. In contrast, some have been critical of the sensory exploitation theory; they uphold the belief that, if female sexual swellings were not honest signals of female fertility, males would have evolved to identify differences in female quality or to have equal preference over females with different swelling sizes.

The obvious-ovulation (or paternity confidence) hypothesis of sexual swellings was first suggested by Hamilton in 1984. The hypothesis proposes that exaggerated swellings indicate the timing of ovulation and as a result increase paternal certainty, allowing males to assess if they have been successful in siring that female's offspring. This has benefits for the female and her offspring, as paternal certainty has been frequently associated with the level of paternal care and investment. The obvious-ovulation hypothesis therefore suggests that sexual swellings function as an indicator of ovulation to males who can then be assured of the offspring's paternity, in order to encourage the male to invest preferentially in that female's offspring.

This is similar to the paternal care hypothesis, which proposes that sexual swellings enable a male to determine the likelihood of having sired a particular female's offspring by signalling her ovulation status, allowing them to subsequently allocate investment accordingly based on their assessment of whether they have achieved paternity. The obvious-ovulation explanation of sexual swellings is consistent with the observation that ovulation often coincides with maximum swelling. Further support that males use swellings in the way set out by this hypothesis to assess the timing of ovulation comes from observations that in wild long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis): males are more aroused and find females more attractive at peak swelling. Others have been critical of this hypothesis, however.

This led to related illnesses, with swellings, bad teeth and making them susceptible to diseases like tuberculosis. The death rate in January 1945 in Jersey was three times normal.

Hypericum sampsonii has been studied for potential use in medicine, including the treatment of "hematemesis, enteritis, traumatic hemorrhage, swellings, and cancer". It contains polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) including norsampsone.

These swellings grow downwards towards each other, quickly overgrowing the median tongue bud. The line of the fusion of the distal tongue buds is marked by the median sulcus.

The two-handed claymore seems to be an offshoot of early Scottish medieval longswords (similar to the espee de guerre or grete war sword) which had developed a distinctive style of a cross-hilt with forward-angled arms that ended in spatulate swellings. The lobed pommels on earlier swords were inspired by the Viking style. The spatulate swellings were later frequently made in a quatrefoil design.Highland grave slab national museum of Scotland.

And so, despite warnings, Enki consumes the other seven fruit. Consuming his own semen, he falls pregnant (ill with swellings) in his jaw, his teeth, his mouth, his hip, his throat, his limbs, his side and his rib. The gods are at a loss to know what to do; chagrined they "sit in the dust". As Enki lacks a birth canal through which to give birth, he seems to be dying with swellings.

Swellings and Sorton appealed against their convictions and sentences. Their case was heard at the Court of Appeal on 13 November 2008. Swellings lost the appeal against his conviction and sentence, although Sorton won a two-year reduction on his minimum sentence. Cunliffe later appealed against his murder conviction on the grounds that he had not taken part in the attack on Mr Newlove, although he had been present when it happened.

Synanthedon colchidensis is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is restricted to the Caucasian Mountains. The larvae feed on Abies nordmanniana. They live in swellings caused by a fungus.

Fibrinolysis syndrome is characterized by an acute hemorrhagic state brought about by inability of the blood to clot, with massive hemorrhages into the skin producing blackish, purplish swellings and sloughing.

Chronic sialadenitis is typically less painful but presents as recurrent swellings, usually after meals, without redness. Causes of sialadenitis are varied, including bacterial (most commonly Staphylococcus aureus), viral and autoimmune conditions.

The Blackfoot apply a poultice of chewed roots to swellings, to "diarrhea rash", to rashes, to the sore gums of nursing infantsHellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa.

However, the growing literature base is supportive of the hypothesis; if not as the sole reason behind the evolution of the swellings, then perhaps in conjunction with the reliable indicator hypothesis.

It was named after Charles Wright.Edmund C. Jaeger The Zuni people apply a poultice of the chewed root to swellings that they believe are caused by being witched by a bullsnake.

Indiana University Press. Under this hypothesis, young females who have safely integrated within the new community still benefit from sexual swellings. Specifically, young females are believed to require the support of the males acquired when integrating into the new group during conflicts with females of a higher social rank, or when protecting their infants from fights with the children of these higher-ranking females. Therefore, sexual swellings act as a social passport that eases female-female interactions.

According to Hrdy's many males hypothesis, sexual swellings enable a female to attract multiple different males as mating partners. This is attributed to males having an instinctive attraction to the swellings. By mating with several males across their menstrual cycle in this manner, a female can increase the males' parental uncertainty. Parental uncertainty describes the eventuality where males are uncertain as to whether the offspring of the female they have mated with is genetically his own.

The open neuropores of the neural tube close after the first month of development, and CSF pressure gradually increases. As the brain develops, by the fourth week of embryological development three swellings have formed within the embryo around the canal, near where the head will develop. These swellings represent different components of the central nervous system: the prosencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. Subarachnoid spaces are first evident around the 32nd day of development near the rhombencephalon; circulation is visible from the 41st day.

They found that females with the largest vaginal swellings incorporated the highest amount of sperm from a single male partner than did females who had smaller vaginal swellings (and thus had the option to re-mate). Other Dipterans who do not have females undergoing an insemination process were also observed; no radio-labeled material was found in the eggs of these females, showing that the insemination process characteristic of D. mettleri and other Desert Drosophila is essential in male paternity assurance.

For such a signalling system to be a reliable indicator of quality, it must fulfil two criteria: that the trait is costly to produce, and that mating effort is costly for the males in the group. In regards to sexual swellings, both of these ring true. In terms of costliness, swellings affect a female's weight and centre of gravity, affecting their ease when travelling. The skin itself increases vulnerability to predators due to its conspicuousness, as well as to infection.

Under the best-male hypothesis, the male with whom the female eventually copulates is the result of indirect mate choice, as the female does not have to directly assess the fitness of each potential partner; rather, her sexual swelling attracts competing males and results in the benefit of increased viability of her offspring. Support for this hypothesis argues that it accounts for some of the correlates and characteristics of sexual swellings, such as the proximity of peak swelling to ovulation, and increased male-male competition over females at peak swelling. The best-male hypothesis has been criticised, however, for its inability to account for the exaggerated nature of these swellings. Specifically, Pagel argued smaller swellings would be sufficient to incite competition between males since this behaviour was calculated to be an evolutionarily stable strategy.

Buerenia is a genus of fungi in the family Protomycetaceae. It was described in 1975. Species of Buerenia are parasitic on Apiaceae plants, on which they cause swellings and blisters on leaves and stems.

Newly hatched young are dark and have waxy-looking yellow gape swellings. The plate has a single heavy black circle inside the white mouth flange, which embraces the upper and lower parts of the gape.

Segment 9 half as long as s10. Segment 8, 9 and especially s10 are swollen. These swellings and small foliations give it the shape of a club. Wings are smoky and with a yellow costa.

Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The body is robust and stout. The snout is short and broadly rounded. The eyes are large; there are two well-developed bulbous, bony postocular swellings.

It is also used to treat dropsy, swellings, oedema and gout, and as an antidote for venomous stings and bites. In Northern Uganda a study found this species to be the most frequently used medicinal plant.

Its rostrum is shorter and more square-shaped than other species of its subfamily, Stenodermatinae Tavares, V. D. C. and A. Tejedor. 2009.The forelimb swellings of Pygoderma bilabiatum (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Chiroptera Neotropical, 15(1): 411-416.

The name Choeradoplana comes from Greek word χοιράς (scrofula) and the Latin word plana (flat) due to the two cushions on the ventral side of the head that resemble the neck swellings in patients affected by scrofula.

The male services hypothesis proposes that sexual swellings lead to direct benefits for the female by encouraging dominant males to engage in consortship behaviours (i.e. forming a partnership). Swellings elicit mate guarding behaviours from males who want to increase their chances of siring the swollen female's offspring, resulting in dominant males acting like bodyguards, to reduce and prevent harassment from other males in the social group. Females may also benefit in that dominant males may later protect the resulting offspring, reducing the threat of infanticide from other males.

Pattern of the pharyngeal arches. I-IV pharyngeal arches, 1-4 pharyngeal pouches (inside) and/or pharyngeal grooves (outside) a Lateral lingual swellings b Median tongue bud c Foramen cecum d Thyroglossal duct e Cervical sinus The median tongue bud (also tuberculum impar) marks the beginning of the development of the tongue. It appears as a midline swelling from the first pharyngeal arch late in the fourth week of embryogenesis. In the fifth week, a pair of lateral lingual swellings (or distal tongue buds) develop above and in line with the median tongue bud.

A majority of patients show advanced (stage III and IV) diseases and high International Prognostic Index (IPI) scores. Symptoms specific to subtypes include diffuse lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly in AITL, and swellings in skin in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Nasopalatine duct cysts usually present as asymptomatic palatal swellings, but they may rarely be accompanied by pain and/or purulent discharge.Vasconcelos, RF, et al. _Retrospective analysis of 31 cases of nasopalatine duct cyst_. Oral Dis 1999;5:325-328.

The interbands contain more RNA and less DNA. The amount of DNA in interbands ranges from 0.8 - 25%. The bands of polytene chromosomes become enlarged at certain times to form swellings called puffs. The formation of puffs is called puffing.

There have been accounts that beriberi was seen in Jamestown with people experiencing swellings and fluxes and high fevers as well as soldiers in the American Civil War who experienced the same symptoms as the disease beriberi.Jones (1963), p.8.

These are often sunken and cracked, giving a typical scabby appearance. Localized swellings or enlargement of epidermal cells due to excessive accumulation of water or fungal structures is termed intermuscence and the diagnostic symptom is the appearance of a blister.

Type III: Small amount of basic, soft tissue ear structure lacking cartilage; auricle is abnormal in appearance. Type IV: Most severe type, Anotia; all external structures of the ears are absent. Defects affecting the external ear such as the auricle results from malformation or suppression of the auricular hillocks, which are small swellings on the embryonic visceral arches or the beginnings of the external ears; the small swellings are derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. Because the ears and the kidneys develop simultaneously, children with ear defects are often checked for kidney defects at birth.

Some ectoparasitic nematodes (nematodes that live outside the plant in the soil), such as sting and stubby-root nematodes, may cause root tips to swell. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium species) cause swellings on the roots of most legumes (such as clover, peas and beans). These swellings, called nodules, are easily distinguished from root-knot galls by differences in how they are attached to the root and their contents. Nodules are loosely attached to the root, while root-knot galls originate from infection at the center of the root, so they are an integral part of the root.

Sexual swelling in female hamadryas baboon Exaggerated sexual swellings also increase gradually in size throughout the female's cycle, beginning after menstruation. For example, research on baboons showed that after 14 days of gradual increase, swellings peaked for 2 days before reducing. These cyclic changes in appearance of the sexual skin reflect the changes of ovarian hormones (estrogen and progestogen) during the female menstrual cycle. Specifically, the increase in sexual swelling size during the follicular phase is correlated with increased estrogen levels, and the decrease in swelling size during the luteal phase is associated with rising progesterone levels.

This can be explained through the combination of a number of previously mentioned hypotheses; most notably obvious-ovulation, best-male, and many males. In terms of obvious-ovulation, the swelling of the perineal skin has been likened to a distribution curve that would represent that probability that the female would ovulate, with larger swellings suggesting that ovulation is more likely to occur. As such, females are more likely to attract the attention of dominant, or "better", males when their swelling size peaks, and it has been shown that dominant males tend to only mate-guard at this peak swelling point, thus including the best-males hypothesis. This mate-guarding is costly to the male, and so they tend only to monopolise any single female for the most likely period of ovulation; once her swellings start to shrink, the male will move onto a female whose swellings are still growing to reach their peak.

However, Myristica is probably pollinated by true ants, a case of myrmecophily. A few New Guinea Myristica species have evolved hollow stem swellings in which ants reside. This facilitates a mutualistic relationship known as myrmecophily, and is similar to that of Cecropia.

A maximum of 20 such swellings may occur on any single tentacle. This species has a broad, flattened oral disc reaching 250 mm wide, and may have white or brown markings that radiate from the centre, and even continue up and along the tentacles.

Felimare aurantimaculata is similar to some specimens of Felimare picta. It is dark blue in colour with slightly raised round orange spots all over the mantle and foot. At the edge of the mantle a series of white glands are visible as raised swellings.

In south-eastern Europe, there is probably a second generation since adults were also collected in July in Italy, Greece and Montenegro. The larva feed on Quercus species, including Quercus robur. They feed in the young shoots. They cause withered leaves and occasionally swellings.

While Mansonella infections are often asymptomatic, they can be associated with angioedema (similar to Calabar swellings of loaisis), recurrent pruritic subcutaneous lesions, fever, headaches, arthralgia, and neurologic manifestations.CDC "Filariasis. Life Cycle of Mansonella perstans" (2009). Eosinophilia, headache, fever, or abdominal pain may also be present.

Magnocellular neurosecretory cells in rats (where these neurons have been most extensively studied) in general have a single long varicose axon, which projects to the posterior pituitary. Each axon gives rise to about 10,000 neurosecretory terminals and many axon swellings that store very large numbers of hormone-containing vesicles. These vesicles are released from the axon swellings and nerve terminals by exocytosis in response to calcium entry through voltage-gated ion channels, which occurs when action potentials are propagated down the axons. The cells typically have two or three long dendrites, which also contain large dilations and a very high density of hormone-containing vesicles.

In Manitoba Canada, infection by A. pusillum on White spruce reduced the annual radial growth from 6.7mm to 1.4-.4mm. A. pusillum is considered the most damaging disease in black spruce in the Great Lakes region. Dwarf mistletoe also causes major trunk swellings on red spruce, significantly reducing the value of the lumber; these swellings are not common on black spruce, perhaps due to the fact that black spruce is a much shorter-lived species. While A. pusillum does not spread rapidly and therefore cannot be considered a highly invasive species, it can build up gradually within a stand of trees and cause severe damage.

Jones had long been a herbalist and had succeeded in curing himself of scrofula. He circulated advertisements which proclaimed his ability for healing not only scrofula but also "Fistulous and running ulcers, the Fistula Lachrymalis and other disorders of the eyes, glandulous tumours, aedematous and dropsical swellings, white swellings of the joints, rheumatick, fixt and wandering Pains". He had planned to publish a book of household remedies; however, these plans, and his career as a healer, were cut short by the Medicine Duties Act of 1785, which obliged him to apply for a licence to operate as a doctor. In his later life Jones was a sorry figure.

Zootaxa, 2367: 1–68. Preview Stems of Epilobium with gall-like swellings caused by the larvae and section of stem inhabited by the larva Larva The wingspan is 11–15 mm.microlepidoptera.nl Adults emerge in July and overwinter. They can sometimes be found again in the following spring.

The bulb has carminative, expectorant, sedative, antitussive, pectoral and tonic qualities. It is used for treatment of bronchial problems as well as uterine fluxes, choreic affections, ulcers and swellings. The flowers invigorate the blood and are used as poultice to cure sore, boils and foul ulcers.

Other medicinal provisions from plant parts include balm for arthritis using leaves of Cassia tora. Cassia tora is one of the recognized plants that contain the organic compound anthraquinone and is used in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. This herb is used in Ayurveda for treatment of swellings.

Sexual swellings appear only during the most fertile phase of the female's ovarian cycle, with the purpose of advertising fertility. In sharp contrast, according to Hrdy, extended sexuality is adapted to conceal fertility and ensure mating across all stages of the ovarian cycle, to aid paternity confusion.

Symptoms causing enlargement of stems and roots are termed differently based on their nature. Excessive accumulation of food material in stems, above a constricted area produces a swelling termed sarcody. Localized swellings that involve entire organs are termed tumefaction. Commonly exhibited tumefactions are galls, clubs, and knots.

Leaves of Skimmia anquetilia made with turmeric, is used for treatment of swellings, rheumatism and therapy. Powder of its bark is used for the healing of burns and wounds. Its leaves are also used for the treatment of headache and smallpox as well as for freshness.

Reliable Indicator), maximising potential mates to confuse paternity of offspring (e.g. Many-Males), to aiding in a female's assessment of the best possible mating partners (e.g. Best- Male), and even assuring paternity certainty (e.g. Obvious-Ovulation), and all aim to account for aspects of exaggerated sexual swellings.

In Japan, it is used as a source of starch. The rhizomes are ground up to access the starch. In China, it is used in herbal medicines, the rhizome is used to treat injuries. As a decoction, it is used to treat bronchitis, internal injuries, rheumatism and swellings.

Besides mechanical breaking of the axonal cytoskeleton, DAI pathology also includes secondary physiological changes such as interrupted axonal transport, progressive swellings and degeneration. Recent studies have linked these changes to twisting and misalignment of broken axon microtubules, as well as tau protein and amyloid precursor protein (APP) deposition.

The Menominee use this plant for swellings. The Ojibwa are documented to use the root for pain in the solar plexus, which may refer to pleurisy. The Potawatomi mix an infusion of the root mixed with lard and use it as salve to massage sore muscles and tendons.

Monostotic fibrous dysplasia is a form of fibrous dysplasia where only one bone is involved. It comprises a majority of the cases of fibrous dysplasia. A rare bone disorder characterized by benign bone growths which can cause very painful swellings and bone deformities and makes bone prone to fractures.

All-male bachelor groups are not known to exist. The mating season of the mandrill takes place from June to October, which is when the sexual swellings of the female occur. They breed every two years. When breeding, a male will follow and guard a female in estrus.

The graded-signals hypothesis was first suggested by Nunn in 1999, and suggests that exaggerated sexual swellings exist in female primates to indicate their fertile period to the males of the species. A larger swelling suggests that ovulation is more likely to occur, thus indicating the phase when the female is most fertile. Inter-sexual conflict is considered, within this hypothesis, to be a key factor in the development of exaggerated sexual swellings. As male reproductive strategies of coercion (including infanticide and prolonged mate-guarding) may be costly to females, it has been necessary for females to resist these through developing features or counter-strategies that will protect them whilst still allowing for successful reproduction.

In these periods before and after the peak, females still continue to mate with lower-ranking males, as their probability of ovulation is not so high, but conception is still possible. This then serves to confuse the paternity of the offspring amongst the males, linking to the many-males hypothesis, and also resulting in reduced infanticide by the males within the species. Therefore, the protective role of the swellings against male coercion serve, in some ways, to manipulate male behaviour into benefiting the female, and enhancing the female's chances at successful reproduction. As one of the more recent hypotheses, the graded- signals hypothesis still has limited research supporting it as the evolutionary function of sexual swellings.

These areas are formed as swellings known as the three primary brain vesicles. In the fifth week of development five secondary brain vesicles have formed. The forebrain separates into two vesicles – an anterior telencephalon and a posterior diencephalon. The telencephalon gives rise to the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures.

Scattered throughout this mass are adults, pupae and larvae. White bodies of about .25 mm are strewn thickly upon the surface of the garden, which consist of an aggregation of hyphae with spherical swellings at the end. These bodies, called "Kohlrabi" clumps by Möller, are used for food by the ants.

Being a one-take film, he continued. After completing the scene, he was taken to a clinic and treated for a "minor injury with swellings". The project also dealt with freezing weather. One morning when shooting a swimming pool sequence at Guwahati, the temperature was as low as -4 °C.

Helix putris Linn. Nova Acta Physico- Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum 17(7), 85–100. Members of this genus cause pulsating swellings in the eye-stalks of snails (a phenomenon colloquially called a zombie snail), so as to attract the attention of predatory birds required in the parasites' lifecycle.

Behind the protruding eyes and above the tympanum, there is short, small gland. It does not have parotid glands. The underside is white, and around the pelvis yellowy orange. In the mating season, males develop dark swellings on the insides of their digits and forelimbs, as well as on the chest.

The Black Death pandemic occurred between 1347 and 1351. It is believed that the origin of the Back Death was bubonic plague. Symptoms of Bubonic Plague include swollen lymph nodes, fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches. Some people also developed swellings in which blood and pus seeped from them during the Black Death.

This root-knot nematode is sedentary endoparasitic nematode. Second-stage juveniles (J2) penetrate host roots where they establish a specialized feeding site (giant cells) in the stele. As J2 develop, they cause root swellings and become swollen females. Females rupture root cortex and sometime protrude with the egg masses from the root surface.

This plant was eaten by the Iroquois as a vegetable, often as a soup. It was added to oats and used as horse feed by Native Americans. American Indians used a root infusion as a remedy for stomachaches, diarrhea, anemia and heart trouble and made a poultice for swellings, tumors and sore muscles.

Swellings may last for 1 to 4 weeks in a given area and then reappear in a different location. Migration to other tissues (visceral larva migrans), can result in cough, hematuria, ocular (eye) involvement, meningitis, encephalitis and eosinophilia. Eosinophilic myeloencephalitis may also result from invasion of the central nervous system by the larvae.

Lemanea is a stiff bristle-like branched or unbranched alga similar to a coarse horsehair. Close inspection show it to have small swellings at more or less regular intervals along its length. It grows to 40 cm in length, in bunches in freshwater. It is blue-green to olive in colour when young.

The uppermost parts of the tree are affected first with loss of leaves and dieback of branches in the crown. One or more knot-like swellings may develop on affected branches. Lower branches are progressively affected over time. Wood-boring insects and fungi invade the diseased wood and the tree eventually dies.

Vermilacinia vesiculosa is a fruticose lichen known only from a vertical rock face north of Punta Canoas along the Pacific Coast of Baja California.Spjut, R. W. 1996. Niebla and Vermilacinia (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida Miscellany 14 The epithet vesiculosa is in reference to the bladder-like swellings on the thallus.

Toxic effects occur with prolonged high intake. The specific toxicity is related to exposure time and the exposure concentration. A medical sign of chronic poisoning is the presence of painful tender swellings on the long bones. Anorexia, skin lesions, hair loss, hepatosplenomegaly, papilloedema, bleeding, general malaise, pseudotumor cerebri, and death may also occur.

Hyphal swellings are intercalary and globose, from 12-28 µm in diameter. Oogonia average 17 µm in diameter and are also intercalary and globose, but rarely are terminal. In each oogonium are 1-2 diclinous antheridia coming out far away from the oogonial stalk. The antheridia's cells are clavate (club shaped) or globose.

Its bone structure is similar to many other bats, with minor differences that define the species. Its skull is only small, with a braincase breadth of only 7 mm. The supraorbital swellings are not pronounced and there is no median crest on the brain case. The total skull length around is 11.7 mm.

Having reasoned that the best-male and many-males hypotheses did not fully explain why estrus must be advertised so prominently, Pagel proposed the reliable indicator hypothesis, suggesting that exaggerated swellings evolved through sexual selection due to the need for an honest signal of female quality (both their likelihood of conception and their genetic quality) as a result of female- female competition to attract males. The hypothesis makes several assumptions: that females compete for access to male mates; that females differ in quality; that the characteristics of their sexual swellings honestly reflect these differences; and that males use certain swelling characteristics to allocate their mating efforts to the highest quality females. Should this be the case, swellings should occur in communities consisting of multiple adults of both sexes, in which males are the choosier sex due to the high mating costs of such groups, and when female competition is at its greatest. Such conditions have been described as "reversed sexual selection", as it is the females that ultimately make the mate choice in most species, and seemingly only this hypothesis that suggests the opposite.

By fusion of the urogenital folds – elongated spindle-shaped structures that contribute to the formation of the urethral groove on the belly aspect of the genital tubercle – the urogenital sinus closes completely and forms the spongy urethra, and the labioscrotal swellings unite to form the scrotum. In the absence of testosterone, the genital tubercle allows for formation of the clitoris; the initially rapid growth of the phallus gradually slows and the clitoris is formed. The urogenital sinus persists as the vestibule of the vagina, the two urogenital folds form the labia minora, and the labioscrotal swellings enlarge to form the labia majora, completing the female genitalia. A rare condition that can develop from higher than average androgen exposure is clitoromegaly.

Auckland Museum It is a large (76 cm long, 2.5 kg in weight) black and white cormorant with pink feet. White patches on the wings appear as bars when the wings are folded. Yellow-orange swellings (caruncles) are found above the base of the bill. The grey gular pouch is reddish in the breeding season.

This species is a fleshy dioecious herb growing from an underground tuber. It is parasitic on other plants via its tuber. The branching, yellowish tuber extends horizontally up to 10 or 15 centimeters through the soil. It forms bulb-like swellings at the points where it attaches to the roots of its host plants.

These swellings, or galls, can reach over 18 centimeters wide. The tuber can resemble a rhizome, but there is no true rhizome. The stem is coated with spirals of scale-like leaves. The leaves are not green; there is no chlorophyll, as the plant obtains nutrients from hosts and does not need to photosynthesize.

The lower burner relates to the organs below the abdomen and the urogenital functions. If the three burners function well, then the organs are in synergy. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the three burners is essential in transporting fluids throughout the body, removing itching and heat, treating swellings, and overcoming problems with various organs.

The roots have tuber-like swellings at their tips that resemble sweet potatoes. The flowers bloom at night. They are up to 10 centimeters wide with white or pinkish inner tepals and reddish or purplish outer tepals. The style is up to 6 centimeters long and the stamens are about one centimeter in length.

In Java the roots are considered demulcent. The leaves, when mixed with honey, are applied to swellings, and in Jamaica are used as a substitute for tea. Under the name of "Jequirity" the seeds have recently been employed in cases of ophthalmia, a use to which they have long been put in India and Brazil.

Basal forms such as Lemurosaurus and Lobalopex have the primitive condition of having a single supraorbital boss. Paraburnetia and Proburnetia have this variation. Whereas Bullacephalus and Burnetia show the derived variation in which the supraorbital boss comprises two separate swellings and a valley between. Sidor, C. A., Hopson, J. A., & Keyser, A. W. (2004).

Leucoagaricus gongylophorus is a mushroom cultivated by certain leafcutter ants. Like other species of fungi cultivated by ants, L. gongylophorus produces gongylidia, nutrient-rich swellings upon which ants feed. The fungus is completely dependent on ants for survival, as the ants feed the fungus. Production of mushrooms occurs only once ants abandon the nest.

According to Stallman and Froehlich's assessment, the hypothesis predicts monandry (i.e. that females will have only one mating partner), which runs counter to observations of species such as Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus), which have exaggerated sexual swellings, yet have been seen to be promiscuous and polyandrous (i.e. mating with multiple males) in their mating behaviours.

Neither nutrition nor temperature changes have a perceivable effect on symptoms, but increased light intensity inhibits the development of root/stem swellings in infected plants.Asomaning, E. J. A., and R. G. Lockard. 1964. Studies on the physiology of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). I Suppression of swollen-shoot virus symptoms by light. Ann. Appl. Biol.

The carapace of G. nigrinoda is slightly domed with the first four vertebrae possessing backward- projecting, knob-like processes, which are black in color. The second and third processes are more dominant in size compared to the first and fourth. With aging females, the knobs are reduced to small swellings. The carapace is dark olive-brown in color.

The medical signs in human gnathostomiasis are caused by migration of the immature worms (L3s). Migration in the subcutaneous tissues causes intermittent, migratory, painful, pruritic swellings (cutaneous larva migrans). Migration to other tissues (visceral larva migrans), can result in cough, hematuria, and ocular involvement, with the most serious manifestations eosinophilic meningitis with myeloencephalitis. High eosinophilia is present.

This could be accompanied by an external displacement of the earlobe usually adjacent to an inflamed parotid gland. Pus suppuration from major salivary gland duct openings may occur spontaneously or after manipulation of the affected gland. Mandibular trismus is a rare finding but may be present with larger swellings. Dysphagia may also be present in some cases.

Cranial nerve palsy – swelling increases the risk of compression of cranial nerves VII, IX and XII. Other diagnostic factors which are less common 1\. Connective tissue disorder or Sjogren’s syndrome – history of Sjogren’s syndrome, or a concomitant connect tissue disorder such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or scleroderma. 2\. Recurrent painless swellings – indicative of underlying autoimmune aetiology. 3\.

Swellings called varicosities belonging to an autonomic neuron innervate the smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscles can be divided into two subgroups: single-unit (unitary) and multi-unit. Single-unit smooth muscle cells can be found in the gut and blood vessels. Because these cells are linked together by gap junctions, they are able to contract as a syncytium.

The bat is large, with dark brown fur. The anterior nose leaf does not cover the muzzle, and it has 4 lateral leaflets, with the outer one being very small. The posterior nose leaf is thickened and narrower than the median nose leaf with weak swellings behind it. It has a forearm length of and a weight of .

Males are distinguishable from females as they are smaller and have hard swellings, known as nuptial pads, on the first digits of the forelegs, used for gripping females during mating. During the mating season males' throats often turn white, and their overall colour is generally light and greyish, whereas the female is browner, or even red.

Prognosis is highly variable and depends on the symptoms, but life expectancy is normal for many. The prevalence of the disease is estimated to be 7 to 12 in 100,000. The disease is often abbreviated to tuberous sclerosis, which refers to the hard swellings in the brains of patients, first described by French neurologist Désiré- Magloire Bourneville in 1880.

The landlady's wig is a slow- growing species that may survive for five to ten years. It has different forms at different stages of its life cycle. On male plants there are spermatangial sori that form swellings on the middle parts of the frond. On female plants there are gametangial sori which are up to long.

However, Fluellen's reference to Bardolph's whole face being covered with abnormal growths suggests an extensive skin condition. It is possible that Fluellen's word "bubuckles" is a portmanteau of "carbuncles" and "bubos", implying swellings produced by syphilis.Crosby, Alfred W., The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492, Greenwood, 2003, p.159. Various comic explanations are given for Bardolph's face.

A developing pineapple gall on a Norway Spruce. Pseudocone on Sitka Spruce. Only females of the pineapple gall adelgid are known. In spring, the newly hatched nymphs formed from over-wintered eggs feed at the bases of the growing needles; the induced swellings eventually coalesce to form the pseudocone structure, each cell of which contains about twelve nymphs.

The facial prominences are five swellings that appear in the fourth week and come from the first and second pharyngeal arch. They are basically made of mesenchyme that comes from the neural crest. The frontonasal prominence is a single structure that is ventral to the forebrain. It is derived from neural crest cells, which have an ectodermal origin.

Additional agricultural damage is caused by the fact that it can host the nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the Groundnut rosette virus. In China it is used as a medicinal herb that is said to have diuretic, febrifugal and anti-inflammatory effects, while in Pakistan it is used to cure swellings of the skin, leprosy and as a laxative.

On 16 January 2008, Adam Swellings was convicted of the murder of Garry Newlove, along with 17-year-old Stephen Sorton and 16-year-old Jordan Cunliffe. The two other defendants were cleared of any involvement in the killing and walked free from court.Swellings, Sorton and Cunliffe were remanded in custody until being sentenced to life imprisonment on 11 February 2008. The trial judge recommended that Swellings, Sorton and Cunliffe should serve minimum terms of 17, 15 and 12 years respectively – sentences which were widely described as lenient by the victim's family and friends, as well as the tabloid media – as these sentences meant that the youngest of the three killers could be out of prison by the age of 28, and the oldest was likely to be paroled in his mid thirties.

Caladenia brachyscapa is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is native to Victoria and possibly Clarke Island in Bass Strait. It is a ground orchid with a single hairy leaf and a reddish-pink flower with thick, black, club-like swellings on the petals and sepals. Although formally described in 1988 living specimens have not been observed since 1979.

Both the tentacles and oral disc of H. aurora are brown or purplish. The tentacles reach 50 mm in length, may be sticky when touched, and can have tips of a magenta colouration. The longer tentacles contain swellings. These appear on only on a single side, or almost entirely surrounding the tentacle, giving the appearance of beads on a string.

It may appear as thickened, scaly, and sometimes boggy swellings, or as expanding raised red rings (ringworm). Common symptoms are severe itching of the scalp, dandruff, and bald patches where the fungus has rooted itself in the skin. It often presents identically to dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis. The highest incidence in the United States of America is in American boys of school age.

The glandular swellings on the muzzle, next to the nose, are hairless. The dark, short, round ears bear three to five ridges. The crescent- shaped tragus (a projection on the inner side of the outer ear) is about half as long as the ear and contains a slight constriction on the back side of its base. The wings are dark.

S. moniliformis has frequently been observed in the form of filamentous, non-branching chains and is highly pleomorphic. For example, the normally straight rod can develop lateral bulbar swellings. The bacteria vary in size from 0.1 to 0.5 μm by 2.0 to 5.0 μm, and can potentially grow up to 10 to 15 μm, with long, curved segments from 100 to 150 μm.

In rats, the neurotoxicity of 5-nonanone is enhanced by methyl ethyl ketone. This suggests induction of microsomal oxidizing enzymes, which results in greater production of toxic metabolites. Chronic exposure to the compound has been shown to produce a clinical neuropathy, characterized by giant axonal swellings filled with neurofilaments. It also resulted in an orange/brown discoloration of the hair of the rats.

About one year postpartum, her breasts rapidly atrophied to AA cup size. One of the most severe cases of macromastia was reported from Ilorin in Nigeria. In 2007, Dr Ganiyu Adebisi Rahman and his colleagues reported the case of a 26-year-old woman who presented with massive swelling of her breasts and bilateral axillary swellings of 6 years duration.

Mandrillus leucophaeus skull Both species of Mandrillus develop extremely large muzzles, prominent nasal ridges and paranasal swelling (swelling in the area adjacent to the nostrils). The size and colour of the paranasal swellings correlate to male dominance and rank, while the size of nasal ridges is a way of attracting mates.Lehman, S., & Fleagle, J. (2006). Primate Biogeography Progress and Prospects .

The males of each species have longer muzzles, much larger paranasal swellings and longer canines than their female counterparts. In a study of wild drills, female muzzles only grew up to 70% the length of the male muzzles. Furthermore males have brightly coloured, saturated rumps unlike their female counterparts. Both species also display the greatest visual sexual dimorphism within monkeys.

The crater-like glands on the underside of the lid may be up to 1.5 mm wide. These glands are so large that they are visible as swellings on the upper surface of the lid. The spur is simple and up to 1 cm long. Pitchers range in colour from light green to dark purple throughout and may be lightly speckled.

Sadako grew up like her peers and became an important member of her class relay team. In November 1954, Sasaki developed swellings on her neck and behind her ears. In January 1955, purpura had formed on her legs. Subsequently, she was diagnosed with acute malignant lymph gland leukaemia (her mother and others in Hiroshima referred to it as "atomic bomb disease").

In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon. The rhombomeres appear as a series of slightly constricted swellings in the neural tube, caudal to the cephalic flexure. In human embryonic development, the rhombomeres are present by day 29.

Once settled, the larva creates areas of swelling in the subcutaneous skin layer of their host. These swellings, known as warbles, are located between the anus and genital organs of the host. They last the same amount of time that the larva spends in its larval stage (3.5-4 weeks). The warble consists of a pore, a cavity, and a capsule.

A poultice prepared from the roots of cow parsnip was applied to swellings, especially of the feet. The dried stems were used as drinking straws for the old or infirm, or made into flutes for children. An infusion of the flowers can be rubbed on the body to repel flies and mosquitoes. A yellow dye can be made from the roots.

Infant and mother Chimpanzees mate throughout the year, although the number of females in oestrus varies seasonally in a group. Female chimps are more likely to come into oestrus when food is readily available. Oestrous females exhibit sexual swellings. Chimps are promiscuous; during oestrus, females mate with several males in their community, while males have large testicles for sperm competition.

Emerging from the anterolateral sulci are the CN XII (hypoglossal nerve) rootlets. Lateral to these rootlets and the anterolateral sulci are the olives. The olives are swellings in the medulla containing underlying inferior nucleary nuclei (containing various nuclei and afferent fibers). Lateral (and dorsal) to the olives are the rootlets for CN IX (glossopharyngeal), CN X (vagus) and CN XI (accessory nerve).

The woody, irregular swellings are on the twigs of willows with the larval chambers just below the bark. Larva are in individual chambers and are described as yellowish-orange, or greenish yellow to white or reddish depending on the authority. Larvae prepare emergence windows before pupating. Galls have been recorded on Salix alba, S. aurita, S. aurita x cinerea, S. cinerea subsp.

The ventral part is covered with dark spots and an ocellus can be observed up before the caudal peduncle. The first dorsal spine, called the "illicium", is modified and is used as a fishing rod. Its extremity is endowed with a characteristic esca (lure). This latter should look like a small fish and has a cluster of dark swellings and long filaments.

But as Schroth became tired of the repetitious activity, he developed a method of "wearing" cold compresses for several hours before changing them. Ultimately, the stiffness went away. Now being aware of the effectiveness of the newfound method, he started using compresses for wounds, bruises, swellings, and stiffness of the joints for both humans and animals.Johann Schroth der Naturarzt zu Lindewiese pp.

Flowering occurs over September and October, the prominent cylindrical golden flower spikes are 3–8 cm long and arise from the leaf axis. These are followed by straight or just curved seedpods that are up to long and wide. They have prominent swellings along them that mark where the seeds are. The seeds themselves are a shiny brownish black and measure in length.

It has been observed that male primates will attempt to monopolise, or gain exclusive sexual access to, a female early on in the duration of sexual swellings to ensure he has sexual access at maximum swelling when she is most likely to be ovulating. Though the males in these situations are guarding the females for their own gains (i.e. to ensure they will be able to sire the female's offspring) it has been observed in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) that females also benefit from these consortships, and are harassed less by subordinate males when they are with a dominant one. The male services hypothesis is praised for its ability to account for the evidence that swellings do not always precisely indicate ovulation; the lack of precision is likely to extend the duration of mate guarding and consortship behaviours outlined by the hypothesis.

Many insects and fungi cause disease in meadowsweet. The meadowsweet rust gall on leaf midrib Meadowsweet leaves are commonly galled by the bright orange- rust fungus Triphragmium ulmariae, which creates swellings and distortions on the stalk and/or midrib. The fungus Ramularia ulmariae causes purple blotches on the leaves. The fungus Podosphaera filipendulae causes mildew on the leaves and flower heads, coating them with a white powder.

The petiole node is separated from the anterior peduncle by swellings on the sides and tops. They have a well-developed sting that is similar in structure to that of the Dolichoderinae. Workers are yellow to orange in colour and the surface has striations running transversely. The queen is larger than the major and has reduced propodeal spines and a much broader head than the major worker.

The nasal crest side is very rugose with a series of bosses and swellings. The nasal bone contributes to the upper rear part of the depression around the antorbital fenestra. This area shows a number of pneumatic openings or pneumatopores, where diverticula of the air sacks entered the bone. In the front two small foramina are present, more to the rear two large horizontal oval openings.

One of the most studied vectors of this pathogen is Xenopsylla cheopis. After the bite of an infected flea, the bacteria enter into the host organism and travel to the closest lymph node, where bacteria replicate causing the large swellings called buboes. Bacteria can also disseminate into the bloodstream (causing septicaemia) and to the lung (causing pneumonia). The pulmonary disease has a direct human-to-human transmission.

Clinical features can be found in the subhyoid portion of the tract and 75% present as midline swellings. The remainder can be found as far lateral as the lateral tip of the hyoid bone. Typically, the cyst will move upwards on protrusion of the tongue, given its attachment to the embryonic duct, as well as on swallowing, due to attachment of the tract to the foramen caecum.

Several species of this group are used to alleviate pain. The herbs are generally regarded as an analgesic with anti-inflammatory activity, rather than an anodyne. Indigofera articulata (Khedaish in Arabic) was used for toothache, and Indigofera oblongifolia (hasr in Arabic) was used as an anti-inflammatory for insect stings, snakebites, and swellings. Indigofera suffruticosa and Indigofera aspalthoides have also been used as anti-inflammatories.

Colonies of Melithaea ochracea are arborescent and usually grow to about long although much larger specimens can be found. They grow in one plane and have a branching, fan- shaped structure. The main skeletal stalk and branches are jointed, with swellings at the larger joints. The internodes are composed of hard, calcareous material while the joints are flexible and made of a horny material.

When fully extended, Diadumene leucolena has a long and slender column, being up to tall and wide. Both column and tentacles are a translucent pale pink or flesh- colour, the column sometimes having a faint green tinge near the top. The column appears to be smooth but close inspection shows irregularly arranged darker swellings. The tentacles closest to either end of the mouth have yellow bases.

Root in the medicinal part which is used in constipation, abdominal pain, general anasarca, piles, calculus, helminthic infections, scabies, dermic affections, suppurative ulcers and diseases caused by the morbidity of kapha and pitta. Root paste is applied to painful piles and swellings. Leaves are used in treatment of asthma and seeds are used in snakebite.Kurup, P. N. V., Ramdas, V. N. K. and Joshi, P.1979.

Anaphylactic reactions are rarely fatal if treated in a timely fashion. If an allergic reaction occurs, future vaccinations may be amended by type or preceded by an allergy medicine. Another uncommon reaction is the development of a vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma, a tumor at the injection site that develops months or years after vaccination. Talk to your veterinarian about any persistent lumps or swellings at injection sites.

He was at the time running a sermon series on First Timothy for his Boston congregation which he was able to finish, despite becoming bed-ridden in December. On 2 December 1652, Amos Richardson wrote to John Winthrop, Jr.: "Mr. Cotton is very ill and it is much feared will not escape this sickness to live. He hath great swellings in his legs and body".

Wila is also used as a medicine by a variety of First Peoples across North America. Other species of Bryoria are undoubtedly used along with wila for many of these medicinal purposes. The Okanagan (British Columbia) use the lichen for baby medicines, and the Nlaka’pmx (British Columbia) use it for removing warts. The Atsugewi (California) use wila as a poultice for swellings,Garth, T. R. 1953.

Flea bites carry the disease into the lymphatic system, through which it makes its way to the lymph nodes. Here the bacteria multiply and form swellings called buboes, from which the term bubonic plague is derived. After three or four days the bacteria enter the bloodstream, and infect organs such as the spleen and the lungs. The patient will then normally die after a few days.

Research has discovered dystrophic (defective development) human microglia. "These cells are characterized by abnormalities in their cytoplasmic structure, such as deramified, atrophic, fragmented or unusually tortuous processes, frequently bearing spheroidal or bulbous swellings." The incidence of dystrophic microglia increases with aging. Microglial degeneration and death have been reported in research on Prion disease, Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, indicating that microglial deterioration might be involved in neurodegenerative diseases.

Pythium sulcatum is an oomycete that is slow growing, aggressively virulent, and consistently pathogenic. Pathogenesis begins with the germination of resting spores (oogonia and hyphal swellings), that occurs quickly in response to root exudates. This causes direct infection through the unwounded surface of the root. The lesions form under the intact periderm (corky outer layer of the root) and later ruptures causing dark, elongated lesions to develop.

In culture, E. jeanselmei produces slow growing colonies that are green black in color. Cultures manifest a combination of mycelial and yeast-like growth forms, however the yeast-like typically predominates. Black aerial mycelium develops on the colony surface that consists of hyphae with swellings at regular intervals. Conidia are variable in size and are often formed in clusters at the tip of annellidic conidiogenous cells.

A fourth teenager was charged and remanded the next day and the fifth and final suspect was charged and remanded on 13 September. Adam Swellings, 19, from Crewe, went on trial at Chester Crown Court charged with the murder on 14 November 2007, along with two 17-year-olds, a 16-year-old and a 15-year-old who could not be named for legal reasons.

Though articular cartilage damage is not life-threatening, it does strongly affect the quality of life. Articular cartilage damage is often the cause of severe pain, swellings, strong barriers to mobility and severe restrictions to the patient's activities. Over the last decades, however, surgeons and biotech ventures have elaborated promising procedures that contribute to articular cartilage repair. However, these procedures do not treat osteoarthritis.

Female baboons and many other primates experience sexual swellings that advertise their fertility during estrus. Humans do not display any such obvious physical signals of fertility, but may still experience a subtle estrus-like state. Most female mammals experience reproductive fertility cycles. They typically consist of a long period of low fertility, and a brief period of high fertility just prior to and including ovulation.

M. perstans can also present with Calabar-like swellings, hives, and a condition known as Kampala, or Ugandan eye worm. This occurs when adult M. perstans invades the conjunctiva or periorbital connective tissues in the eye. M. perstans can also present with hydrocele in South America. However, it is often hard to distinguish between the symptoms of Mansonelliasis and other nematode infections endemic to the same areas.

In this form of leprosy Mycobacterium leprae are found in lesion in large numbers. This is the most unfavorable clinical variant of leprosy. This debilitating form of leprosy begins to spread causing the eyebrows to disappear and spongy tumor like swellings appear on the face and body. The disease attacks the internal organs, bones, joints and marrow of the body resulting in physical degeneration.

However, if finger function is compromised, then surgery may be required. Ganglion cysts are soft globular structures that occur on the back of the hand usually near the junction of the wrist joint. These small swellings are usually painless when small but can affect hand motion when they become large. The cysts contain a jelly like substance and usually do disappear on their own.

Native Americans produced witch hazel extract by boiling the stems of the shrub and producing a decoction, which was used to treat swellings, inflammations, and tumors. Early Puritan settlers in New England adopted this remedy from the natives, and its use became widely established in the United States. An extract of the plant is used in the astringent witch hazel. H. virginiana produces a specific kind of tannins called hamamelitannins.

At the front back vertebrae, the hypapophyses, the lower swellings of the front facet edges, are formed like low mounds. On the rear back vertebrae the facets of the joint processes are continued sideways as curved flanges. The shoulder joint is wider transversely than long, measured from the front to the rear. The notch on the underside of the front blade of the ilium has a shelf at the inner side.

In 1870, aged eleven, Ellen began work as a nursemaid in nearby Marlow, but she began suffering periods of somnolence and her employment was terminated. She was subsequently attended by a local doctor, Henry Hayman F.R.C.S., from nearby Stokenchurch. Ellen had been suffering for 13 weeks from "glandular swellings" or an abscess on the back of her head, and symptoms consistent with a spinal disease.Staff (March 8, 1873).

These structures are the future scrotal swellings and labia majora in males and females, respectively. The genital tubercles of an eight week old embryo of either sex are identical. They both have a glans area, which will go on to form the glans clitoridis (females) or glans penis (males), a urogenital fold and groove, and an anal tubercle. At around ten weeks, the external genitalia are still similar.

Dibotryon morbosum affects the genus Prunus. Included in this genus are multiple species of trees and shrubs, though the ones that Dibotryon morbosum infects are Prunus serotina (wild cherry trees), Prunus Persica (peach trees), Prunus Domestica (plum trees), and Prunus cerasus (sour cherry trees). The main symptom of Dibotryon morbosum is its “knot-like” gall structure. These swellings often start as green in color, and become black the next season.

6 May 2010 This frog, as compared to all other members of the genus, has multiple prominent glandular swellings: laterally behind the eyes, on the side of the dorsum, on the anterior side of the vent, on the dorsal side of the forearms and shanks, and on the posterior side of tarsus and metatarsus. Additional distinguishing characteristics include the colour of the iris (which is bright red), and extremely short legs.

They cause myiasis in frogs. The parent fly, like most adult Chloropidae, feeds mainly on plant juices, but it lays its eggs near the frog. The larvae burrow under the skin of the body rather than the head or legs, and there they form visible swellings in which they lie as parasites, presumably feeding on blood and other bodily fluids. Most of the host frogs survive, but some do die.

Homosexual behaviour has been recorded in the context of both affiliative and aggressive interactions. Unlike females of other great apes species, orangutans do not exhibit sexual swellings to signal fertility. The average age in which a female first gives birth is 15 years and they have a six to nine year interbirth interval, the longest among the great apes. Gestation lasts around nine months and infants weigh at birth.

Movement is performed by small waves of muscular contraction that flow along the body from tail to head. Several waves may occur simultaneously and the worm glides forward slowly and smoothly, the swellings running evenly along the body. It is carnivorous, either sucking the body juices of its prey or swallowing the whole animal. It feeds on protozoans, other small creatures and prey of a size up to its own.

They thicken and sink in to form Nasal Pits, which deepen to form the Nasal Sacs. At the same time, mesodermal cells proliferate around the placodes, and the sides of these swellings form the medial and lateral nasal prominences. The lateral nasal prominence is separated from the maxillary prominence by the nasolacrimal groove. As the maxillary prominences continue growing they merge laterally with the mandibular prominences to form the cheeks.

Muller and Wragham also correctly predicted the testosterone levels of more dominant chimpanzees to be higher as compared to lower status chimpanzees. Therefore, chimpanzees significantly increased both testosterone levels and aggressive male-male interactions when receptive and fertile females presented sexual swellings. Currently, no research has specified a relationship between the modified challenge hypothesis and human behavior, yet, many testosterone/human behavior studies support the modified hypothesis applying to human primates.

Other differences are subtler and not fully consistent. For one thing, the antennae of most Berytidae though long, geniculate, and in other ways generally similar to Emesinae, tend to have a more or less obvious swelling at the tip. Some members of the family also have slight swellings at the distal ends of the femora of their legs, though in many species this is either absent or not obvious.

When a new male takes over a female, she develops sexual swellings which may be an adaptation that functions to prevent the new male from killing the offspring of the previous male.Zinner, D., T. Deschner, 2000. When males reach puberty, they show a playful interest in young infants. They will kidnap the infants by luring them away from their harems and inviting them to ride on their backs.

In addition to simple rashes, inflammations, and swellings, the Biblical text mentions a number of other conditions that could be confused with tzaraath. Among other situations the text considers harmless are the appearance of dull white spots, white patches of skin without sores, and baldness without sores; the latter two of these are thought by scholars to most probably refer to vitiligo and alopecia, respectively, and the Bible remarks that the former – the dull white spots – are merely a form of freckles. The symptoms that the text considers to be indicative of disease include those of the spread of superficial swellings or spots (where there had previously been a boil), and those of reddish-white sores in areas of baldness; the former condition is identified by the Bible as plague, and scholars regard its symptoms as pointing to a diagnosis of smallpox, while the latter is unidentified in the Biblical text, but considered by scholars to indicate favus.

Pseudostellaria jamesiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae known by the common names tuber starwort and sticky starwort. It is native to much of the western United States, where it can be found in sagebrush, coniferous forests, and many other types of habitat. It is a perennial herb growing from a rhizome network with tuberlike swellings. The stem grows up to 45 to 60 centimeters in maximum height.

Arsenic sulfide (Xiong Huang) is a toxic mineral used in TCM to kill parasitic worms and treat sore throats, swellings, abscesses, itching, rashes, and malaria. Realgar, Acupuncture Today Arsenic, while possibly essential for life in tiny amounts, is extremely toxic in the amounts used and arsenic poisoning may result from use of arsenic containing remedies. They are most commonly given as a pill or capsule, although are sometimes incorporated into a mixture with other substances.

Verticordia multiflora is a shrub which grows to a height of up to and is irregularly and openly branched. Its leaves are oblong to elliptic in shape, long, semicircular in cross section and often have tiny serrations along their edges. The flowers are arranged in rounded groups on the ends of the branches, each flower on a stalk long. The floral cup is top-shaped, long and hairy with small swellings beneath each sepal.

Loreto's large territory comprises parts of the High and Low Jungle, and is largely covered with thick vegetation. This territory has wide river flood plains, which are covered with rainwater and usually are swamped in summer. In these flood areas there are elevated sectors called restingas, which always remain above water, even in times of the greatest swellings. There are numerous lagoons known as cochas and tipishcas, surrounded by marshy areas with abundant grass vegetation.

During development each gonad (ovary or testicle) descend from their starting point on the posterior abdominal wall (para-aortically) from the labioscrotal swellings near the kidneys, down the abdomen, and through the inguinal canals to reach the scrotum. Each testicle then descends through the abdominal wall into the scrotum, behind the processus vaginalis (which later obliterates). Thus lymphatic spread from a testicular tumour is to the para-aortic nodes first, and not the inguinal nodes.

Sexual differentiation takes place, and at the end of week 6 in the female, hormones stimulate further development and the genital tubercle bends and forms the clitoris. The urethral folds form the labia minora and the labioscrotal swellings form the labia majora. At this time the sexes still cannot be distinguished. The appearance of the external genitalia is similar in male and female embryos until the twelfth week and even then is difficult to distinguish.

As the Chronica de Alfonso XI puts it, Alfonso's determination was soon to cost him his life. The Chronica records that "it was the will of God that the King fell ill and had the swellings, and he died on Good Friday, 27 March of the year of our Lord Jesus Christ 1350." His death meant the immediate end of the siege. He was the only medieval monarch to die of the plague.

This disease primarily affects the southeastern portion of the United States and is known to infect the cultivars Rome Beauty, Grimes Golden, Delicious, York Imperial, and Golden Delicious. Lesions on twigs are well defined, conical, shiny black swellings and on the fruit itself they are black, spherical, slightly sunken spots. Severely affected leaves may die within 2 to 3 weeks of infection. Infected branches will grow poorly, lose their leaves early, and die.

Facial swelling – usually unilaterally and affecting parotid region, under the tongue, or below the jaw. May have acute onset and may have a history of repeated episodes. 4\. Recurrent painful swellings – indicative of chronic recurrent sialadenitis, may have similar signs and symptoms to an acute episode. 5\. Pus exudation from salivary gland openings – indicative of bacterial infection, may occur on manipulation of the affected gland or spontaneously. Other common diagnostic factors to consider 1\.

Key factors to also consider which are less common 1\. Mandibular trismus – restricted mouth opening to its full extent (of approximately 40mm) may be present with large swellings typically due to acute bacterial infection of affected gland. 2\. Respiratory distress – this could present in the form of stridor, use or reliance on accessory muscles of respiratory, nasal flaring, or wheeze. These signs may develop if glandular swelling is significant enough, resulting in airway obstruction. 3\.

The symptoms of pseudocyesis are similar to the symptoms of a true pregnancy. Signs of false pregnancy include amenorrhea (missed periods), galactorrhea (flow of milk from breast), breast enlargement, weight gain, abdominal growth, sensations of fetal movement and contractions, nausea and vomiting, changes in the uterus and cervix, and frequent urination. Abdominal distention is the most common symptom. In pseudocyetic abdominal swellings, the abdomen becomes uniformly swollen, and the navel stays inverted.

Frontorhiny is another subtype of FND. It consists of multiple characteristics. Patient are characterized by: hypertelorism, a wide nasal bridge, a split nasal tip, a broad columella (strip of skin running from the tip of the nose to the upper lip), widely separated narrow nostrils, a long philtrum (vertical groove on the upper lip) and two-sided nasal swellings. Frontorhiny is one of the two subtypes of FND where a genetic mutation has been determined.

Concealed estrus and sexual receptivity (at all times of the ovarian cycle) aids paternity confusion. This is because the males are unsure of who mated with the female during her fertile period, and so do not know the identity of the father. Hrdy's hypothesis has been criticised, however, on the basis that some female primates show both extended female sexuality and sexual swellings. In terms of Hrdy's hypothesis these two concepts are incompatible.

Stages in the development of the external sexual organs in the male and female: The external genitalia of both males and females have similar origins. They arise from the genital tubercle that forms anterior to the cloacal folds (proliferating mesenchymal cells around the cloacal membrane). The caudal aspect of the cloacal folds further subdivides into the posterior anal folds and the anterior urethral folds. Bilateral to the urethral fold, genital swellings (tubercles) become prominent.

Pawlowski presents the importance of bipedalism to the mechanics and necessity of ovulation signaling. The more open savannah environment inhabited by early humans brought greater danger from predators. This would have caused humans to live in denser groups, and, in such a scenario, the long-distance sexual signaling provided by female genital swellings would have lost its function. Concealed ovulation is thus argued to be a loss of function evolutionary change rather than an adaptation.

The life- history and galls of a spruce gall midge, Phytophaga piceae Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Can. Entomol. 84:272–275. As many as 100 larvae per shoot have been reported. Larvae bore immediately into the twig and form cells, the galls forming by the swelling of tissues surrounding the larval cells. Gall formation becomes noticeable within 10 days as a series of small, semi-globose swellings, which render the infected twig twice its normal diameter.

The preabdomen in male consists of five segments: tergites 1 and tergite 2 are fused. Between tergite 5 of the abdomen and the hypopygium only one sclerite is present dorsally, with two close-set spiracles on each side. Sometimes this sclerite is reduced and rarely membranous swellings occur in this region, which are usually retracted and visible only in macerated specimens. In the subfamily Oscinellinae the hypopygium usually has well developed cerci and edites.

Shorter pieces are sometimes laid horizontally in shallow trenches and, when covered with a few centimetres of soil, rapidly throw up sucker-like shoots. In Greece, grafting the cultivated tree on the wild tree is a common practice. In Italy, embryonic buds, which form small swellings on the stems, are carefully excised and planted under the soil surface, where they soon form a vigorous shoot. The olive is also sometimes grown from seed.

Apart from viral infection, other infections, such as bacterial, can cause parotitis (acute suppurative parotitis or chronic parotitis). These infections may cause blockage of the duct by salivary duct calculi or external compression. Parotid gland swellings can also be due to benign lymphoepithelial lesions caused by Mikulicz disease and Sjögren syndrome. Swelling of the parotid gland may also indicate the eating disorder bulimia nervosa, creating the look of a heavy jaw line.

And it was a disease in which there appeared certain swellings in the > groin and under the armpit, and the victims spat blood, and in three days > they were dead. And the priest who confessed the sick and those who nursed > them so generally caught the infection that the victims were abandoned and > deprived of confession, sacrament, medicine, and nursing. . .And many lands > and cities were made desolate. And this plague lasted till. . .

The canker disease presents as elongated fusiform swellings on the stems which eventually may break open. They are often found at the base of the trees. In 1993 Schwartz, who has spent much of his career researching the conservation of this species, and Sharon M. Hermann, reported on the progression of the disease. They monitored a census population of some 100 trees for four years, in this time 10% died, mostly the smaller individuals.

They have white plumage including a thick layer of down, with only the face and leg colours distinguishing the two species. They look plump and dove-like, but are believed to be similar to the ancestors of the modern gulls and terns. There is a rudimentary spur on the "wrist" (carpal) joint, as in plovers. The skin around the eye is bare, as is the skin above the bill, which has carbuncular swellings.

Besides papers in various medical serials Ford was author of a valuable treatise entitled Observations on the Disease of the Hip Joint; to which are added some Remarks on White Swellings of the Knee … illustrated by cases and engravings, 8vo, London, 1794, of which revised editions were published in 1810 and 1818 by his nephew and successor Thomas Copeland, to whom he bequeathed his house in Golden Square, London, and a considerable legacy.

The color of the shell is white and chalky under a pale greenish yellow periostracum. The suture is distinct, not appressed. The whorls are sloping flatly to the periphery which is marked by a rounded keel with (on the body whorl fifteen) obscure elongated swellings or undulations. The anal fasciole which is close to the suture is marked by lines of growth concavely arcuate, crossed by half a dozen spiral incised lines in the path of the sulcus.

Repetitive motions can cause enlargement of muscles which causes compression of veins. Besides, overuse injury of the upper limbs causes swellings, small bleeding, and subsequent fibrosis which would cause the thrombosis of the subclavian vein, leading to Paget–Schroetter disease or effort-induced thrombosis. TOS can be related to cerebrovascular arterial insufficiency when affecting the subclavian artery. It also can affect the vertebral artery, in which case it could produce vision disturbances, including transient blindness, and embolic cerebral infarction.

The smooth inner surface of the chamber comprises the fertile spore-bearing tissue (the hymenium). The basidia (spore- bearing cells)—conspicuous when viewed under the microscope—are hyaline (translucent), more or less club-shaped, and usually have basal and apical swellings separated by a narrow strip of variable length. The basidia are four-spored, and have inflated sterigmata with a central constriction. The basidia measure 20–90 (typically 25–55) μm long by 8–10 μm thick.

The late 1990s saw replacement of this road with modern road construction, including rerouting of the entire highway. In World War II they were used by both German and Soviet forces on the Eastern Front.Military Improvisations During the Russian Campaign, Chap 5, Center of Military History, US Army In slang use, corduroy road can also refer to a road in ill repair, having many potholes, ruts, or surface swellings. This should not be confused with a washboard road.

The species has 35 to 42 gill rakers in total and 25 vertebrae are present. In 1972, a crevalle jack caught by fishermen off South Carolina displayed swollen, bulbous mandibles. These swellings were initially thought to be due to a copepod parasite, however radiographs and subsequent sectioning found them to be bony in nature. The cause of this calcified connective tissue is still unknown, and there remains only a single reported case of such an ailment in crevalle jack.

Each episode lasts for a few days to about a week and recurs in cycles of 7 to 11 days with extremes of 3 days to 30 days also reported. Sometimes the joint may begin to swell again as soon as the fluid has subsided. Where both knees are affected concurrently, as one joint ceases to swell the other may become involved. The cycle of joints swellings have been reported as being very regular, even predictable.

During the early stages of embryonic development, the brain starts to form in three distinct segments: the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. The rhombencephalon is the most caudal (toward the tail) segment of the embryonic brain; it is from this segment that the cerebellum develops. Along the embryonic rhombencephalic segment develop eight swellings, called rhombomeres. The cerebellum arises from two rhombomeres located in the alar plate of the neural tube, a structure that eventually forms the brain and spinal cord.

A few days after ingestion epigastric pain, fever, vomiting, and loss of appetite resulting from migration of larvae through intestinal wall to the abdominal cavity will appear in the patient. Migration in the subcutaneous tissues (under the skin) causes intermittent, migratory, painful, pruritic swellings (cutaneous larva migrans). Patches of edema appear after the above symptoms clear and are usually found on the abdomen. These lesions vary in size and can be accompanied by pruritus, rash, and stabbing pain.

Three flexures form in the part of the embryonic neural tube that develops into the brain. At four weeks gestational age in the human embryo the neural tube has developed at the cranial end into three swellings – the primary brain vesicles. The space into which the cranial part of the neural tube is developing is limited. This limitation causes the neural tube to bend, or flex, at two ventral flexures – the rostral cephalic flexure, and the caudal cervical flexure.

The following twelve were leaf- or spade-shaped, with fine crenelations on the trailing edge. These are similar to the teeth of some prosauropods and early ornithischians, but differ in important features. For example, the teeth lacked the swellings and ridges seen in the teeth of early ornithischians like Lesothosaurus, and the coarse denticles (smaller points) of leaf-shaped ornithischian and prosauropod teeth in general. Phyllodontosuchus also lacked a predentary as found in all known ornithischians.

Normal aging is described as aging unaccompanied by the behavioral or cognitive dysfunctions associated with the cholinergic basal forebrain system. In normal aging, there are beadlike swellings within the cholinergic fibers with enlarged or thickened axons, often in grape-like clusters. This fiber swelling can be induced in a laboratory setting by damaging the cell body of the cholinergic neuron, which implies there is a slow cell and fiber degeneration of affected neurons and their projecting axons.

Fucus ceranoides is a species similar to other species of Fucus. It is linear to about 1 cm wide and is attached by a discoid holdfast. The branches grow to a length of 60 cm and show a clear midrib. Its margin is entire and it differs from Fucus serratus in not having a serrated edge and unlike Fucus vesiculosus it does not have air vesicles, however irregular swellings gives it a resemblance to F. vesiculosus.

The variety tristis, in contrast, has caps that are more circular and appear to be pierced either centrally or off to the side. The surface of the caps is smooth and often brightly colored. The hymenium (spore-bearing surface) on the underside of the caps is pink and has a folded and corrugated surface. Close to the area of attachment between the cap and the stem-like connection to the main axis are swellings resembling warts or blisters.

The European rabbit is the only species fatally attacked by myxomatosis. The most lethal strain has a five day incubation period, after which the eyelids swell, with the inflammation quickly spreading to the base of the ears, the forehead and nose. At the same time, the anal and genital area also swells. During the last stages of the disease, the swellings discharge a fluid rich in viral material, with death usually following on the 11th-12th day of infection.

Even if the spines do not contain venoms, they still serve to protect larvae as physical barriers from small invertebrate predators. Painful stings and swellings are noted results that are inflicted by Hemileuca lucina spines. Other than the spines or hairs, aposematic larvae often use regurgitation as an alternative deterrent method. Acquisition of multiple defense mechanisms are especially beneficial as it not only maximizes protection but it also allows matching a certain type of defense to specific predators/parasites.

The jaws are quite large, lined with small teeth, and several types are notable for being able to consume fish larger than themselves. Some species in families Eurypharyngidae and Saccopharyngidae are bioluminescent. Like other eels, saccopharyngids have leptocephalus larvae. However, these larvae also have a number of unusual characteristics, such as remarkably deep bodies in the Cyematidae, long lower jaws in the Eurypharyngidae, and unique pigmented swellings at the ends of the gut in Saccopharyngidae and Eurypharyngidae.

In humans, this is called the ovulatory cycle, or menstrual cycle. The period of high fertility is also called the fertile window, and is the only time during the cycle when sex can result in conception. Females of most mammalian species display hormonally-induced physical and behavioral signals of their fertility during the fertile window, such as sexual swellings and increased motivation to mate. Some species will not—or cannot—engage in sex at all outside of this window.

Sexual differentiation starts on the internal sex organs at about 5 weeks of gestation, resulting in the formation of either testes in males, or ovaries in females. If testes are formed, they begin to secrete androgens that affect the external genital development at about week 8 or 9 of gestation. The urogenital folds form the labia minora in females, or penile shaft in males. The labioscrotal swellings become the labia majora in females, or they fuse to become the scrotum in males.

Boys who develop mild gynecomastia or even developing swellings under nipples during puberty are told the effects are temporary in some male teenagers due to high levels of estradiol. Another hormonal change in males takes place during the teenage years for most young men. At this point in a male's life the testosterone levels slowly rise, and most of the effects are mediated through the androgen receptors by way of conversion dihydrotestosterone in target organs (especially that of the bowels).

Miguel Venegas was born in Puebla, New Spain. He received an academic degree prior to joining the Jesuit order, which he did in 1700 in Tepotzotlán. Five years later he was an ordained member and he taught philosophy and moral theology at the Colegio S. Pedro y S. Pablo de México. He suffered from health problems and bodily swellings, which obliged him to retire to the Jesuit ranch of Chicomocelo, where he devoted himself to writing and botany until his death in 1764.

The gnathos is formed by two slim and curved parts; the uncus is likewise long and slim; it abruptly truncates at the end. The vinculum is broad, with a large slender saccus; the tegumen is elongated. The anellus is generally not sclerotized (hardened), and the aedeagus is somewhat more robust than the other organs, though not large, curves slightly, and is somewhat expanded near the tip. In the female genitals, the ostium is long and situated above two sclerotized horn-like swellings.

There is not a sufficient change in female sexual behaviour around the time of ovulation in order to demonstrate to the male that the female is fertile. The swellings, therefore, appear necessary for predicting fertility. Barbary macaque females differ from other non-human primates in that they often mate with a majority of the males in their social group. While females are active in choosing sexual associations, the mating behaviour of macaque social groups is not entirely determined by female choice.

The neural tube has a longitudinal axis called the neuraxis, from the future brain area at the cranial end, to the conus medullaris of the spinal cord at the caudal end. By the fourth week in the human embryo, at its cranial end, three swellings have formed as primary brain vesicles. These vesicles form the future forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The three vesicles need to develop further into five brain vesicles but the space at the cranial end is limited.

Symptoms generally begin around puberty but can occur earlier. These individuals have recurrent swelling in the extremities, genitals, face, lips, larynx or GI tract. Some patients describe a sensation of fullness but not pain or itching in the affected area except for those with abdominal swellings who often experience acute abdominal pain. Others experience an intense amount of pain, described as radiating from the bone outward along with intense itching just beneath the skin and intense heat, regardless of the area targeted.

As the symptoms and diagnostic tests are almost indistinguishable from an acute abdomen (e.g. perforated appendicitis) it is possible for undiagnosed HAE patients to undergo laparotomy (operations on the abdomen) or laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) that turns out to have been unnecessary. HAE may also cause swelling in a variety of other locations, most commonly the limbs, genitals, neck, throat and face. The pain associated with these swellings varies from mildly uncomfortable to agonizing pain, depending on its location and severity.

The first was the description, distribution, and ultimately, the etiology of a pediatric cancer that bears his name, Burkitt's lymphoma. p. 257 Burkitt in 1957 observed a child with swellings in the angles of the jaw. "About two weeks later ... I looked out the window and saw another child with a swollen face ... and began to investigate these jaw tumors."Denis P. Burkitt, "Discovering Burkitt's Lymphoma" in Paul H. Levine, Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Disease (Humana Press 1987) p.

A single fine raised not nodulous thread separates each pair of the preceding. The sixth and seventh spirals are smaller than the fifth and close together. They stretch over a series of more distant swellings, and are concavely impressed between them. As these lines form the periphery, this gives a wavy or scalloped outline to the base, which has about eighteen such waves arranged to a certain extent in pairs, the distance and concavity between them alternating greater and less.

Increased surface area and irregularity of the pollen receptacle, caused by swellings, hairs, grooves or ridges often ensure a more efficient pollen deposition. After elongation of the style, animals transport the pollen to flowers in the female or receptive stage with exposed stigmatic surfaces. A pollen catapult mechanism is present in the genera Molopanthera and Posoqueria (tribe Posoquerieae) that projects a spherical pollen mass onto visiting sphingidae. Heterodistyly is another mechanism to avoid inbreeding and is widely present in the family Rubiaceae.

This relates to another ultimate cause of sexual ornaments with function in obtaining non-genetic material benefits from males. In other animal species, even other primate species, these advertisements of reproductive value are not permanent. Usually, it is the point at which the female is at her most fertile, she displays sexual swellings. Adolescence is the period of time whereby humans experience puberty, and experience anatomical changes to their bodies through the increase of sex hormones released in the body.

This is a potentially dangerous period prior to a female's permanent emigration away from their native social group. Based on this observation, sexual swellings are believed to act as a "social passport" that advertises sexual receptivity during this transitional period between communities. The hypothesis proposes that the swelling transforms the potential aggression that males in the new social group may show to the female into sexual urges. This is thought to gain the female acceptance from males living within the new social group.

In turn, this male acceptance reduces the likelihood that the female will be attacked by the males, and increases the likelihood that the males will protect them from hostile resident females. Under the social passport hypothesis, sexual swellings therefore allow a relatively safe passage between different communities; allowing adolescent females to investigate the local competitors and resources of different territories before deciding where to re-settle and breed permanently.Bancroft, J. (Ed.). (2000). The role of theory in sex research (Vol. 6).

In the 18th century, Brighton was a small town based on a declining fishing industry and still suffering the effects of damage caused by the Great Storm of 1703. Its population in the middle of the century was approximately 2,000. Its fortunes improved after a doctor from nearby Lewes, Richard Russell, wrote a treatise encouraging the use of seawater as a cure for illness, in particular glandular swellings. He recommended bathing in the sea and drinking the water at Brighton.

The large dense-core vesicles are often found in all parts of a neuron, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (varicosities) and nerve endings, whereas the small synaptic vesicles are mainly found in clusters at presynaptic locations. Release of the large vesicles and the small vesicles is regulated differently. Neuropeptides are released in a calcium- dependent manner to bind to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Large dense core vesicles release low volumes of neuropeptide compared to synaptic vesicles and neurotransmitters.

A man demonstrates how to examine his both testicles. For men who choose to perform TSE, it is recommended to be done at the same time every month. TSE is performed in front of a mirror in the standing position, after a warm bath or shower, when the scrotum is relaxed and the testicles are lower and more easily felt. Subsequently, in a systematic order, any outer skin changes and swellings that are visible are noted, after which both hands are used to feel each testicle.

Female genitals will usually be formed in the absence of significant androgen exposure. The genitals begin to develop after approximately 4 to 6 weeks of gestation. Initially, the external genitals develop the same way regardless of the sex of the embryo, and this period of development is called the sexually indifferent stage. The embryo develops three distinct external genital structures: a genital tubercle; two urogenital folds, one on either side of the tubercle; and two labioscrotal swellings, each bounding one of the urogenital folds.

In June 2006, British Science Weekly reported that Cleve Hicks and colleagues from the University of Amsterdam had completed a year-long hunt for these apes during which they were able to observe the creatures a total of 20 full hours. Hicks reported, "I see nothing gorilla about them. The females definitely have a chimp's sex swellings, they pant-hoot and tree-drum, and so on". DNA samples recovered from feces also reaffirmed the classification of these apes in the chimp subspecies Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii.

Buboes are a symptom of bubonic plague, and occur as painful swellings in the thighs, neck, groin or armpits. They are caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria spreading from flea bites through the bloodstream to the lymph nodes, where the bacteria replicate, causing the nodes to swell. Plague buboes may turn black and necrotic, rotting away the surrounding tissue, or they may rupture, discharging large amounts of pus. Infection can spread from buboes around the body, resulting in other forms of the disease such as pneumonic plague.

Barbary macaques mating Although Barbary macaques are sexually active at all points during a female's reproductive cycle, male Barbary macaques determine a female's most fertile period by sexual swellings on the female. Mating is most common during a female's most fertile period. The swelling size of the female reaches a maximum around the time of ovulation, suggesting that size helps a male predict when he should mate. This is further supported by the fact that male ejaculation peaks at the same time that female sexual swelling peaks.

By 1954, before the introduction of crash helmets, UK road injuries were increasing rapidly. Motorcyclists alone accounted for over 1,000 UK deaths compared to the 2008 road user total of just 2,645. "Research work at the Birmingham Accident Hospital improved the treatment of injury immeasurably." Alan Ruscoe Clarke studied haemorrhagic shock for different types of injury and showed that the lethal collapse of blood volume was caused by swellings around a fracture or burn and not by blood becoming temporarily static in the capillaries.

Thermoregulatory systems were also modified in humans with the move to the savannah to conserve water. It is thought that female genital swellings would have incurred added cost because of ineffective evaporation of water from the area. Pawlowski continues by saying the change to bipedalism in early hominins changed both the position of female genitals and the line of vision of males. Since males could no longer constantly see the female genitals, swelling of them during estrus as a mode of signaling would have become useless.

Asthenosoma varium is a sea urchin (an echinoderm, a member of the phylum that also includes star fish). Growing up to in diameter, it lives on sand and rubble sea bottoms in the Indo-Pacific, from the Red Sea to Australia and Southern Japan. Its venom tipped spines, with distinctive globular swellings below the tip, can inflict a painful sting if handled; the pain lasts as long as several hours. This capacity, perhaps coupled with its reddish-brown color, has given it the common name Fire Urchin.

Innermost "Process 1" spikes, as present in Centrosaurus, are lacking with Achelousaurus. The frill had two large paired openings, the parietal fenestrae, with a midline parietal bar between them. A linear row of rounded swellings ran along the top of the parietal bar, which may be homologous to the spikes and horns in the same area of some Pachyrhinosaurus specimens. A row of relatively small processes ran along the parietal shield margin from the "Process 3" spikes outwards, for a total per side of seven.

They admitted that USNM 2412, in view of its pathologies, was not an ideal candidate for a transitional form, but stressed that, apart from swellings, the holes in its frill were also bordered by granular and thinning bone. Taking all the evidence into consideration, they thought it much more likely that Nedoceratops represented a diseased individual of Triceratops, than a genus of its own. They also pointed to Triceratops specimens showing precisely the combination of veined, granular and young striated bone that Farke had considered improbable.

In order to detect hypothyroidism in newborn babies, to prevent growth and development abnormalities in later life, many countries have newborn screening programs at birth. Infants with thyroid hormone deficiency (congenital hypothyroidism) can manifest problems of physical growth and development as well as brain development, termed cretinism. Children with congenital hypothyroidism are treated supplementally with levothyroxine, which facilitates normal growth and development. Mucinous, clear secretions may collect within these cysts to form either spherical masses or fusiform swellings, rarely larger than 2 to 3 cm in diameter.

Wrangham proposed the cost-of-sexual-attraction hypothesis as a result of comparing the number of sexual cycles between conceptions that are experienced by both parous and nulliparous female chimpanzees, as well as parous western and eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus and Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), and the size of the sexual swellings that came with these differences. Through observing these groups in both species, he suggested that two factors are most important in determining how obviously a female displays the ovulatory stage in her cycle: the level of scramble competition that exists between the females of the group for resources such as food; and the difference in travelling costs for parous and nulliparous females. With the assumption that females require a certain number of copulations before they can conceive, this would suggest that they may achieve this number faster either by having a high number of ovulatory cycles between conceptions, or by appearing more attractive to males around the time of ovulation by having larger swellings. However, more obvious ovulation leads to more male coercion, which may have negative consequences, such as undesired consortship from a low-ranking male, or injury from forcible mating.

Verticordia mirabilis is a bushy shrub which grows to a height of and about wide but sometimes grows as high as . Its leaves are crowded on short side-branches, linear in shape, triangular or almost circular in cross-section, long and have small, irregular teeth near the tips. The flowers are arranged singly or in small groups near the ends of the branches, each flower in diameter on a thick stalk long. The floral cup is top-shaped, long glabrous with 5 ribs and 5 large swellings near the top.

The presence of the disease can be established by inspecting the root system of plants and looking for abnormal development.Cereal Root Diseases The roots of infested plants develop a tangle of branches and swellings which are white when young but turn dark brown with age. It is the seedlings of cereals that are most readily infected with this nematode and damaged roots are often invaded by soil-borne pathogens such as root and crown rots.USDA: Guide to wheat diseases When nematode populations are high, significant losses in yield can occur.

Genital tubercle of female at fourteen weeks Development of genitals showing homologues from indifferent at A to both sexes - female on right In week three of the development of the embryo, mesenchyme cells from the primitive streak migrate around the cloacal membrane. Early in the fifth week the cells form two swellings called the cloacal folds. The cloacal folds meet in front of the cloacal membrane and form a raised area known as the genital tubercle. The urorectal septum fuses with the cloacal membrane to form the perineum.

In skeletal muscles, the junctions are mostly of the same distance and size because they innervate such definite structures of muscle fibers. In the Autonomic Nervous System however, these neuromuscular junctions are much less well defined. Analysis of non-noradrenergic/non- cholinergic (NANC) transmission at single varicosities or swellings indicates that individual synapses possess different probabilities for the secretion of transmitter as well as different complements of autoreceptors and mixtures of post-junctional receptor subunits. There is then a local determination of the quantitative properties of single synapses.

Before the Cisitalia, the prevailing approach followed by automobile designers when defining a volume and shaping the shell was to treat each part of the body as a separate, distinct element—a box to house the passengers, another for the motor, and headlights as appendages. In the Cisitalia, there are no sharp edges. Swellings and depressions maintain the overall flow and unity, creating a sense of speed. The 202 is featured in the 2011 video game L.A. Noire by Rockstar Games and Team Bondi as a secret car called the Cisitalia Coupe.

FCC proponents argue that menstruation became a key problem because it potentially creates conflicts between the females and conflicts between males. Menstruation has little social impact among chimpanzees or bonobos, since visible oestrus swellings are the focus of male attention. But once external signs of ovulation had been phased out in the human lineage, according to FCC, menstruation became salient as the one remaining external promise of fertility. Potentially, dominant males might exploit such information, repeatedly targeting newly cycling females at the expense of pregnant or nursing mothers (figure e).

S. labiatus has a laterally compressed, knife-shaped body with a nearly straight dorsal profile and a long anal fin. The head is laterally compressed, with a curved dorsal profile and small eyes that are covered by a thin membrane. The mouth is terminal, with a three-lobed rigid structure consisting of a pair of smooth, hard, bulbous swellings along the lower lip and a medial spur that projects down and forward. The lower jaw is longer than deep, bearing two rows of conical teeth numbering 17 plus 4 replacements each.

The species was first formally described in 1855 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Transactions and Proceedings of the Victorian Institute for the Advancement of Science. He gave it the name Duttonia gibbifolia. In 1859 he transferred the species into the genus Eremophila because the name Duttonia was already in use for a genus of plants in the daisy family Asteraceae, now the genus Syncarpha. The specific epithet (gibbifolia) is derived from the Latin words gibbus meaning "humpbacked", "humped", "crooked" or "bent" and folium meaning "a leaf", referring to the hump-like swellings on the leaves.

Under heavy infestation, R. echinobothrida is listed as one of the most pathogenic tapeworms, causing conspicuous intestinal nodules in chicken, with characteristic hyperplastic enteritis associated with the formation of granuloma. The symptom is termed “nodular tapeworm disease” in poultry. Intestinal nodules often result in degeneration and necrosis of intestinal villi, accompanied by anaemia with a significant increase of total leukocyte counts and decrease of total serum protein. The nodules can measure up to 6 mm in diameter, which can be seen as rugged swellings on autopsy, and often cause catarrh and enteritis.

Within the generally small Raorchestes, Raorchestes resplendens qualify as medium-sized frogs: males grow to a snout-vent length of and females to . Individuals of the species are distinguishable from all members of the genus by their bright reddish orange colour and multiple prominent glandular swellings present laterally behind the eyes, on the side of the dorsum, on the anterior side of the vent, on the dorsal side of forearm and shanks and on the posterior side of the tarsus and metatarsus. The limbs are much shorter than in other Raorchestes. The iris is red.

The frontonasal process, or frontonasal prominence is one of the five swellings that develop to form the face. The frontonasal process is unpaired, and the others are the paired maxillary prominences, and the paired mandibular prominences. During the fourth week of embryonic development, an area of thickened ectoderm develops, on each side of the frontonasal process called the nasal placodes or olfactory placodes, and appear immediately under the forebrain. By invagination these areas are converted into two nasal pits, which indent the frontonasal prominence and divide it into medial and lateral nasal processes.

The old man can only lift one arm and proceeds to inform the thief that he suffers from rheumatism. The thief, shocked at what he hears, lowers the gun and tells his victim that he as well, suffers from the disease. They proceed to exchange words of comfort about the haunting pain, and the young thief asks for tips to dull the swellings. Though both are filled with hope, the old man warns the thief that the pain only gets worse and he must find a way to cope with it, in his later years.

Due to cytokinins not being transported properly, witches broom may result on the infected trees. The combined effects of dwarf mistletoe distort and suppress the growth of branches and affect the main trunk by causing swellings, knots, or structural weakening. If a young tree or seedling is infected by the mistletoe, the probability that the tree will die is great. In one study it was determined that 50% of infected seedlings will die over 12 years and the survivors will often be bush-like and not develop properly.

Design of a guard for a ballock-dagger with top mount of the scabbard, by Hans Holbein the Younger, A set of bollock daggers found on board the 16th century ship Mary Rose. The blades have either completely corroded or remain only in the form of concretions. A bollock dagger or ballock knife is a type of dagger with a distinctively shaped hilt, with two oval swellings at the guard resembling male testes ("bollocks"). The guard is often in one piece with the wooden grip, and reinforced on top with a shaped metal washer.

It has been used historically and is used presently for purported health benefits. It has no known side effects (aside from being an emetic in large doses) or drug interactions. Common herbal uses are stopping bad cases of diarrhea by drinking the juice of the leaf or eating the leaves directly, and the juice is commonly applied directly to the skin for many of the same uses as aloe vera such as burns, warts and insect bites. It is furthermore said to bring relief in cases of swellings and water retention.

Retro-ocular nodule of a D. repens worm detected in a 20-year-old woman, Rostov-na-Donu, Russia: The cyst (arrows) is shown by computed tomography scan (A) and magnetic resonance imaging (B). Ultrasonography image (C) shows a worm-like structure inside the cyst (arrow), and color Doppler imaging (D) shows marginal vascularization of the lesion). Infections in humans usually manifest as a single subcutaneous nodule, which is caused by a macrofilaria that is trapped by the immune system. Subcutaneous migration of the worm may result in local swellings with changing localization.

The area postrema is located in the caudal medulla oblongata near the junction of the brainstem and the spinal cord. In humans and in most other mammals that have been studied, it consists of swellings on either wall of the fourth ventricle. In rodents and lagomorphs, however, the area postrema forms a midline structure dorsal to the obex. When viewed histologically for its capillary distribution and morphology, the area postrema has numerous subregions separated according to capillary permeability, rates of blood flow, and duration of blood transit through respective capillary beds.

The hypothesis was directly challenged by a 2011 paper by Andrew Farke and a 2012 one by Nicholas Longrich. Farke in 2011 redescribed the problematic Nedoceratops hatcheri as an aged or diseased individual of its own genus, against Scannella and Horner who argued for its identification with Triceratops. Farke pointed out that the irregular holes in the Nedoceratops frill, far from piercing thinning bone, were surrounded by thick swellings. Farke further concluded that several facts were difficult to reconcile with the proposed development of a Triceratops into a Torosaurus.

Examination of the thyroid gland includes the search for abnormal masses and the assessment of overall thyroid size. The character of the thyroid, swellings, nodules, and their consistency may all be able to be felt. If a goitre is present, an examiner may also feel down the neck consider tapping the upper part of the chest to check for extension. Further tests may include raising the arms (Pemberton's sign), listening to the gland with a stethoscope for bruits, testing of reflexes, and palpation of the lymph nodes in the head and neck.

Platygyra lamellina showing meandering corallites and evenly arranged septa Colonies of P. lamellina usually form massive rounded mounds, sometimes with nodular swellings, but may also form flat plates. The corallites are long, narrow and meandering, with thick walls which are up to one and a half times the thickness of the valleys between them. The septa protrude slightly and are rounded and even; they are very neatly arranged, and cross the valley walls. This coral is usually some shade of brown, with the valley bottoms sometimes being greenish or grey.

Indeed, it has been shown in ovariectomized chimpanzees that swelling can be induced by estrogen and inhibited by progesterone. As a result, the peak size of the swellings often coincides with the highest potential of ovulation, although this is not a perfect association. For example, research on West African chimpanzees showed that higher probabilities of ovulation tended to occur within 7 to 9 days of the onset of maximum swelling of sexual skin. Additionally, a study into wild white-handed gibbons showed that maximum swelling size and ovulation overlapped closely in 80% of menstrual cycles.

The duo complimented Deepika Padukone for her efforts though she sustained major bruises and swellings on her feet while performing some heavy-duty dance steps. It was reported that the actress stuck to the routine and shot for the song on the allotted schedule sporting medical braces to relax her movements. The shooting of the song took ten days at an expensive set put up at Film City. Sanjay Leela Bhansali brought over traditional Garba dancers from Gujarat to teach the Garba in the traditional way to Padukone.

Tibetan antelope in the 226x226px The Tibetan antelope is a medium-sized antelope, with a shoulder height of about in males, and in females. Males are significantly larger than females, weighing about , compared with , and can also be readily distinguished by the presence of horns and by black stripes on the legs, both of which the females lack. The coat is pale fawn to reddish-brown, with a whitish belly, and is particularly thick and woolly. The face is almost black in colour, with prominent nasal swellings that have a paler colour in males.

Erosion and winds in the county severely damaged a few beachfront homes, while wind-driven rain resulted in minor roof or structural damage to some oceanfront hotels and swellings. At the Banana River and Indian River lagoons, erosion was also reported, along with the loss of private boating piers. A total of 15 dune crossovers and possibly as many as 1,000 sea turtle nests were destroyed at the Canaveral National Seashore, with the park suffering about $480,000 in damage. Brevard County experienced its worst erosion since the November 1984 nor'easter.

Swellings in the body wall develop into either ovaries or testes. The testes release free-swimming gametes into the water, and these can fertilize the egg in the ovary of another individual. The fertilized eggs secrete a tough outer coating, and, as the adult dies (due to starvation or cold), these resting eggs fall to the bottom of the lake or pond to await better conditions, whereupon they hatch into nymph Hydra. Some Hydra species, like Hydra circumcincta and Hydra viridissima, are hermaphrodites and may produce both testes and ovaries at the same time.

In February 1982, Andrew Wilson was arrested for the murder of two Chicago police officers. Wilson was taken to Area 2 detective headquarters on the South Side for interrogation under Chicago Police Detective Jon Burge. Dr. John Raba, Medical Director of Cermak Health Services, the prison hospital in the Cook County Hospital system, examined Wilson, determined Wilson had been tortured, and complained in writing to then Chicago Police Superintendent Richard Brzeczek: > I examined Mr. Andrew Wilson on February 15 & 16, 1982. He had multiple > bruises, swellings and abrasions on his face and head.

The transverse sculpture consists of, on the body whorl, ten strong squarish ribs and numerous fine and occasionally impressed lines of growth. The longitudinal sculpture consists of a distinct angulation of the whorl, in front of the anal fasciole, which on the transverse ribs develops into stout swellings, which in the earlier whorls are connected by an obscure rib. The whole surface of the whorl is covered with rather wide and shallow grooves and their even wider interspaces. The grooves are closest and finest on the siphonal canal and behind the angulation, and faintest or nearly absent on the periphery.

The latter has two effects. It allows water to flow more freely and it reduces the colloidal or oncotic pressure difference by allowing protein to leave the vessel more easily. Another set of vessels known as the lymphatic system acts like an "overflow" and can return much excess fluid to the bloodstream. But even the lymphatic system can be overwhelmed, and if there is simply too much fluid, or if the lymphatic system is congested, then the fluid will remain in the tissues, causing swellings in legs, ankles, feet, abdomen or any other part of the body.

The fresh leaves are mostly used in the form of a stimulating poultice, applied to swellings, tumors and scrofulous ulcers. When made into a tea with horsetail (Equisetum hyemale), it is claimed to be good for bleeding or ulcers of bowels, or for tumors and inflammation of the bowels. It has been used as a quick relief for nose bleeds and sore eyes. The fresh roots or leaves are simmered in milk; or the juice of the plant infused in apple cider; and these treatments are used for dropsy, hiccups, vomiting and bleeding of the bowels.

In such situations a diagnosis of cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP) is made. CUP usually comes to attention because of masses or swellings found somewhere in the body, either by physical examination or on medical imaging performed for another indication. The disease typically develops rapidly, and metastases may occur in places in the body that are otherwise unusual. Comprehensive physical examination is part of the process to identify a possible primary source of cancer; this should include the breasts, lymph nodes, the skin, external genitals, as well as an internal examination of the rectum and of the pelvic organs.

At the caudal part of the medulla these tracts cross over in the decussation of the pyramids obscuring the fissure at this point. Some other fibers that originate from the anterior median fissure above the decussation of the pyramids and run laterally across the surface of the pons are known as the anterior external arcuate fibers. The region between the anterolateral and posterolateral sulcus in the upper part of the medulla is marked by a pair of swellings known as olivary bodies (also called olives). They are caused by the largest nuclei of the olivary bodies, the inferior olivary nuclei.

On the smaller whorls there are eight or ten transverse swellings extending from the edge of the notch-band to the suture, too wide and ill defined to call ribs, and chiefly evident as oblique waves most prominent at the anterior edge of the band. On the body whorl these are barely evident as ten or twelve faint nodules just before the band and wholly obsolete before the periphery. The whorl and the aperture taper imperceptibly into the short siphonal canal, with about seven spiral threads distinguishable as larger than the secondaries. The anal sulcus is moderate.

Wartlike load casts in Hettangian arkoses from the northern Aquitaine Basin Load casts form on the underside of the overlying denser layer (sands, coarse sands, or gravels), which is superimposed on a less-dense hydroplastic layer (muds, silts or finer sands). The casts take on the form of slight bulges, swellings, deep or rounded sacks, knobby excrescences or highly irregular protuberances. In profile, they appear as a row of flattened, lobe-shaped masses of similar size, shape, and spacing bulging into the lower layer. Between the lobes penetrate flame-like fingers or diapir-like shapes from the underlying less-dense layer.

Myers was carried to the dressing room where a doctor examined him and recommended that he be taken to hospital. Myers was taken to Dewsbury Infirmary, conscious on arrival he complained of pain in the neck and was unable to move his arms or legs. The doctors who assessed him were sure there were severe spinal injuries but due to swellings at the site of the injury they could not confirm the full nature of the injury. X-rays detected no fracture of the spine and the doctors concluded that the paralysis was caused by an internal haemorrhage putting pressure on the spine.

The middle ear includes the tympanic cavity and the three ossicles. The inner ear sits in the bony labyrinth, and contains structures which are key to several senses: the semicircular canals, which enable balance and eye tracking when moving; the utricle and saccule, which enable balance when stationary; and the cochlea, which enables hearing. The ears of vertebrates are placed somewhat symmetrically on either side of the head, an arrangement that aids sound localisation. The ear develops from the first pharyngeal pouch and six small swellings that develop in the early embryo called otic placodes, which are derived from ectoderm.

P. macrosporus galls on a petiole and mid-rib of A. podagraria The gall develops as a chemically induced swelling, arising from the surface of the leaf lamina, veins, mid-ribs, and petiole. On the leaf lamina it forms yellowish bulges standing out on the upper surface, but missing the black sori that are typical of an otherwise similar gall caused by the rust fungus Puccinia aegopodii. On veins, mid-ribs and petioles the gall appears as translucent yellow-white swellings that are often elongated and blister-like. It is particularly apparent in early spring when the greatly distorted leaves first appear.

On the underside of the vertebrae of the neck there is a depression with at the mid-line a ridge. The vertebrae of the back have below their front extensions, the prezygapophyses, a groove which is divided in three smaller depressions. The middle vertebrae of the back have a second ridge extending from the base of the upper rib joint, the diapophysis, to the back of the vertebra. In the arm, the shaft of the humerus is reinforced by powerful, somewhat obliquely placed, thickenings extending towards the condyles of the lower joint, which swellings have a hollow front edge.

Bayly was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he took the degree of B.C.L. on 12 June 1749, at age 21. He entered the church and rose to some distinction in that profession, becoming minor canon of St Paul's Cathedral and also of Westminster, and sub-dean of the Chapel Royal. On 15 January 1750–51 he was presented by the chapter of St Paul's to the vicarage of Tottenham, Middlesex. On 10 July 1764, he took the degree of D.C.L.. In 1787 he patented an elastic girdle, designed to prevent and relieve ruptures, fractures, and swellings.

Among the committee's members were John Evelyn (1620–1706), Thomas Sprat (1635–1713), and John Dryden (1631–1700). Sprat regarded "fine speaking" as a disease, and thought that a proper style should "reject all amplifications, digressions, and swellings of style" and instead "return back to a primitive purity and shortness" (History of the Royal Society, 1667). While the work of this committee never went beyond planning, John Dryden is often credited with creating and exemplifying a new and modern English style. His central tenet was that the style should be proper "to the occasion, the subject, and the persons".

Therefore, females will only accept this high level of coercion if the scramble competition in their community is high, and if the coercion will allow them to reach their required number of copulations in a short time. For example, eastern chimpanzees who have previously produced offspring tend to experience high within-group scramble, and so are driven towards having fewer ovulatory cycles between conception. As a result, they need to mate with a high number of males during each ovulatory period. They therefore need to appear more attractive during these periods, and so they develop larger sexual swellings.

The physios used whatever methods they could to reduce the swellings in his knees, and as he was a big-money signing, Charles would be forced to take to the field week in and week out, despite his injuries. His team were wildly inconsistent, beating Newcastle United 5–0, only to lose 6–0 to West Ham United a few weeks later; meanwhile supporters were anxious at the rise of their North London rivals. Arsenal finished eleventh, some 25 points behind Double-winning Tottenham Hotspur. The 1961–62 season was another difficult one for both Charles and Arsenal.

Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) is a rare adult onset autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cerebral white matter degeneration with demyelination and axonal spheroids leading to progressive cognitive and motor dysfunction. Spheroids are axonal swellings with discontinuous or absence of myelin sheaths. It is believed that the disease arises from primary microglial dysfunction that leads to secondary disruption of axonal integrity, neuroaxonal damage, and focal axonal spheroids leading to demyelination. Spheroids in HDLS resemble to some extent those produced by shear stress in a closed head injury with damage to axons, causing them to swell due to blockage of axoplasmic transport.

Compared to infections with other filarial parasites such as Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Loa loa, Mansonella infections are relatively mild. However, the pathogenicity of M. perstans infection has been recently reconsidered in various studies. These studies have demonstrated that M. perstans has the ability to induce a variety of clinical features, including angioedema Calabar-like swellings, pruritus, fever, headache, eosinophilia, and abdominal pain. The overall disability among populations in regions where filariae are endemic has been difficult to determine because of high rates of coinfection with other filariae and the nonspecificity of M. perstan infections.

Cherubism was first documented and named in 1933 by Dr. W. A. Jones of Kingston, Ontario, describing a case of three siblings of the same family of Jewish Russian heritage. All that was known at the time was the characteristic swelling pattern and the increase and then regress of bone lesions. By the time the children reached the ages of fifteen, sixteen, and seventeen, the facial deformity had become an obvious disfigurement and in 1943, the children were operated on by the Jones medical team, reducing the hard swelling of their jaws. Four years following the surgeries, there was no reappearance of the swellings.

Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed. The modifications can involve the length and the nature of the internodes and the phyllotaxis, as well as variations in the proportions, compressions, swellings, adnations, connations and reduction of main and secondary axes. One can also define an inflorescence as the reproductive portion of a plant that bears a cluster of flowers in a specific pattern. The stem holding the whole inflorescence is called a peduncle and the major axis (incorrectly referred to as the main stem) holding the flowers or more branches within the inflorescence is called the rachis.

According to chapter 6, the plague was not relieved until the Philistines returned the Ark of the Covenant to the Israelites, along with a trespass offering of "five golden emerods and five golden mice" (the plague of emerods occurred simultaneously with a plague of mice). The concept of "golden hemorrhoids" has on occasion given rise to puzzlement or humor. Modern scholars have pointed out that the Hebrew term Apholim, translated "emerods" in the King James Version, could also be translated as "tumors", as is done in the Revised Version of the Bible. In the fourth century A.D., the early Christian scholar Jerome translated it as "swellings of the secret parts".

In Argentina, a decoction is made with the dried leaves and is taken for menstrual disorders and is also used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and disorders. Brazilian peppertree is still employed in herbal medicine today in many countries. It is used for many conditions in the tropics, including menstrual disorders, bronchitis, gingivitis, gonorrhea, gout, eye infections, rheumatism, sores, swellings, tuberculosis, ulcers, urethritis, urogenital disorders, venereal diseases, warts and wounds. In Brazilian herbal medicine today, the dried bark and/or leaves are employed for heart problems (hypertension and irregular heart beat), infections of all sorts, menstrual disorders with excessive bleeding, tumors and general inflammation.

One unique graphic feature of the game is the gradual bruises gained by players as the fight progresses (like hematomas and swellings), present in all fifth-generation versions. While this is not necessarily a new feature to games (it had been implemented before in SNK's 1992 game Art of Fighting), it garnered much appraisal from reviewers, because of the added fun factor this element supplied to the game. The Game Boy Color version was one of the few games for the system to feature built-in rumble. The Dreamcast, PlayStation, and Nintendo 64 versions each have an exclusive boxer: these are, respectively, Jimmy Blood, Gino Stiletto, and J.R. Flurry.

Lende is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian from Malawi. It contains one species, Lende chiweta, first reported by Jacobs and colleagues in 2005 and is a burnetiamorph – a group of biarmosuchians characterized by numerous bosses and swellings on the skull. The type specimen was discovered in the early 1990s in the Permian Lower Bone Bed (B1) of the Chiweta Beds of Malawi, which are believed to correlate with the Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone of the South African Karoo Supergroup, the Usili Formation of Tanzania, and the Upper Madumabisa Mudstone of Zambia. The holotype of the genus Lende is MAL 290, which comprises an almost complete skull and lower jaw.

Eimer's organs are sensory organs in which the epidermis is modified to form bulbous papillae. First isolated by Theodor Eimer from the European mole in 1871, these organs are present in many moles, and are particularly common in the star-nosed mole, which bears 25,000 of them on its unique tentacled snout. The organs are formed from a stack of epidermal cells, which is innervated by nerve processes from myelinated fibers in the dermis, which form terminal swellings just below the outer keratinized layer of epidermis. They contain a Merkel cell-neurite complex in the epidermis and a lamellated corpuscle in the dermal connective tissue.

Heberden's nodes are hard or bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) (the joints closest to the end of the fingers and toes). They are a sign of osteoarthritis and are caused by formation of osteophytes (calcific spurs) of the articular (joint) cartilage in response to repeated trauma at the joint. Heberden's nodes typically develop in middle age, beginning either with a chronic swelling of the affected joints or the sudden painful onset of redness, numbness, and loss of manual dexterity. This initial inflammation and pain eventually subsides, and the patient is left with a permanent bony outgrowth that often skews the fingertip sideways.

Aspiny neurons, the second class of neurons found in the stratum lucidum, are another type of inhibitory cell similar to spiny neurons, though lacking dendrite projections. They make up the majority of the neuron composition in comparison to spiny neurons, about 63 percent. The somata of aspiny neurons are for the most part bipolar, generating 2–5 primary dendrites "that to a varying extent displayed varicose swellings in their course". Similar to spiny neurons, aspiny neuron dendrites "branch extensively in stratum lucidum and stratum radiatum of CA3", in contrast to spiny neurons, however, some dendrites "traversed stratum pyramidale and entered stratum oriens", the second deepest layer of the hippocampus.

While it was one of the most destructive diseases of plum and cherry trees in the late 19th century, today it is relatively well controlled in many cultivated areas and seen primarily in poorly managed orchards, or where strongly established, including in the wild. Many urban centres in North America have black knot control programs. Black knot occurs only on the woody parts of trees, primarily on twigs and branches, but can spread to larger limbs and even the trunk. Olive-green swellings from the disease are visible in the late spring; as it spreads and matures, typically by autumn, rough black knots circle and kill affected parts.

The endocardial cushions are thought to arise from a subset of endothelial cells that undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process whereby these cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards the interior of the heart tube). These migrated cells form the "swellings" called the endocardial cushions seen in the heart tube. Upon sectioning of the heart the atrioventricular endocardial cushions can be observed in the lumen of the atrial canal as two thickenings, one on its dorsal and another on its ventral wall. These thickenings will go on to fuse and remodel to eventually form the valves and septa of the mature adult heart.

"Sweetgrass: Like DEET, Traditional Native American Herbal Remedy Acts As Mosquito Repellent," American Council onf Science and Health They apply a poultice of chewed roots Asclepias viridiflora to swellings, to "diarrhea rash", to rashes, to the sore gums of nursing infants and to sore eyes. They also chew the root of Asclepias viridiflora for sore throats, and use the plant to spice soups, and use the fresh roots for food. They make use of Viola adunca, applying an infusion of the roots and leaves to sore and swollen joints, giving an infusion of the leaves and roots to asthmatic children, and using the plant to dye their arrows blue.

Around the sixth week of gestation, six swellings of tissue called the hillocks of Hiss arise around the area that will form the ear canal. These eventually coalesce to form the outer ear. Darwin's tubercle is a minor malformation of the junction of the fourth and fifth hillocks of Hiss. It is found in a substantial minority of people and takes the form of a cartilaginous node or bump on the rim of their outer ear, which is thought to be the vestige of a joint that allowed the top part of the ancestral ear to swivel or flop down over the opening to the ear.

Vermilacinia vesiculosa is classified in subgenus Vermilacinia in which it is characteristically unique in having large bladder like swellings and pycnidia elevated on pustular lobes. The round warty "bladders" develop laterally on branches and are conspicuous by their size relative to the width of the branch, up to four times greater in width than the branch. Lichen substances are of the chemotype found in most species of the subgenus: an unknown T3, the triterpene zeorin and the diterpene (-)-16 α-hydroxykaurane, with accessory β-orcinol depsidone, salazinic acid. The thallus was pendulous, lying flat against the vertical rock face, and has a cortex 100–200 µm thick.

Early flowering stage when the pollen presenter is still encased by the perianth claws like a capThe wart-like swellings on older stems are a unique feature of this pincushion speciesL. cuneiforme has the largest distribution area of the entire genus, and can be found all along the southern coast of the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces, and the adjacent mountain ranges between Greyton (Caledon district) in the west and Qolora Mouth in Transkei in the east. It occurs in various climatic circumstances with both dominant rain in winter or summer or without a clear-cut peak. The distribution includes Riviersonderend, Potberg, Langeberg Range, Outeniqua and Swartberg Mountains.

PDF file Famous Roman author Pliny the Elder, in his Natural History, described two kinds of Cimolian earth, the one white, and the other "inclining to the tint of purpurissum". Both of these were employed for curing various medical conditions, > Both kinds, moistened with vinegar, have the effect of dispersing tumours > and arresting defluxions. They are curative also of inflammatory swellings > and imposthumes of the parotid glands; and, applied topically, they are good > for affections of the spleen and pustules on the body. With the addition of > aphronitrum,The meaning of this term is not entirely certain; it could refer > to sodium carbonate, or washing soda.

These are not the swellings of buboes, but rather "darkish points or pustules which covered large areas of the body". The uncharacteristically rapid spread of the plague could be due to respiratory droplet transmission, and low levels of immunity in the European population at that period. Historical examples of pandemics of other diseases in populations without previous exposure, such as smallpox and tuberculosis transmitted by aerosol amongst Native Americans, show that the first instance of an epidemic spreads faster and is far more virulent than later instances among the descendants of survivors, for whom natural selection has produced characteristics that are protective against the disease.

489–481 They have been called "non-laminate proto-leaves" by Beerling and Fleming, reflecting the belief that such structures were precursors to true leaves, which evolved by first – flattening to produce a two-dimensional branched structure – and then 'webbing' – tissue growing out between the flattened branches. One consistent difference between the two species is that T. schmidtii had branches which very distinctly narrowed along their length whereas only the third order branches of T. reposana showed any tapering. Another is that T. reposana had swellings at the bases of first and second order branches. In both species, the primary xylem strand was central to stems, branches and appendages.

E2-EN/DHPA was first studied as a combined injectable contraceptive in 1964. It was developed by Squibb under the developmental code name and tentative brand name Deladroxate for potential use as a combined injectable contraceptive in the United States. Due to toxicological findings of DHPA of pituitary hyperplasia in rats, mammary tumors in beagle dogs, and "uterine swellings" in animals, as well as concerns about possible accumulation of DHPA, Squibb discontinued the development of E2-EN/DHPA in the late 1960s. Subsequently, in 1973, a pharmacokinetic study of E2-EN/DHPA in women generated concerns about potential accumulation of E2-EN with once- monthly use as well.

The lower pinnae are widely spaced on the rachis, and reflexed downwards. Leaf veins are free (they do not rejoin one another) and are difficult to see; fertile veins are once-forking and do not terminate in hydathodes (prominent swellings). Fertile pinnae bear 2 to 6 pairs of sori (rarely as few as 1 pair or as many as 10), about in length, on both sides of the midrib; the sori are crowded at the edges and often merge as they age. The indusia covering them are from long (rarely to ) and from wide, greenish or pale yellowish to whitish in color and opaque, with straight or slightly jagged edges.

Neurulation and neural crest cells vesicle stages of development in the early embryo to the fifth week Brain of a human embryo in the sixth week of development At the beginning of the third week of development, the embryonic ectoderm forms a thickened strip called the neural plate. By the fourth week of development the neural plate has widened to give a broad cephalic end, a less broad middle part and a narrow caudal end. These swellings are known as the primary brain vesicles and represent the beginnings of the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Neural crest cells (derived from the ectoderm) populate the lateral edges of the plate at the neural folds.

According to some mediums, the ectoplasm cannot occur in light conditions as the ectoplasmic substance would disintegrate. The psychical researcher Gustav Geley defined ectoplasm as being "very variable in appearance, being sometimes vaporous, sometimes a plastic paste, sometimes a bundle of fine threads, or a membrane with swellings or fringes, or a fine fabric-like tissue". Arthur Conan Doyle described ectoplasm as "a viscous, gelatinous substance which appeared to differ from every known form of matter in that it could solidify and be used for material purposes". The physical existence of ectoplasm has not been scientifically demonstrated, and tested samples purported to be ectoplasm have been found to be various non-paranormal substances.

It is associated with a Merkel cell-neurite complex at the base of the cell column, a lamellated corpuscle in the dermis just below the column and a series of free nerve endings that originate from myelinated fibers in the dermis, run through the central column and end in a ring of terminal swellings just below the outer keratinized skin surface. All 25,000 Eimer’s organs distributed along the surface of the star have this basic structure in all 22 appendages. Nevertheless, the fovea region (11th pair of rays), which is shorter in area, has a lower density of these organs – 900 Eimer's organs on its surface while some of the lateral rays have over 1500.

It is seen that predominately women receive treatment with natural medicines particularly for issues which arise during pregnancy as it is viewed as less invasive and harmful for the child. Women also predominately use traditional medicines due to the Tongan syndrome of Kahi which affects mostly adult women caused by an increased intake of salty or fatty foods, smoking, withholding bowel motions and drinking carbonated beverages which then causes swellings in the vulva, backaches and is even linked to infertility. Traditional methods of treatment for Kahi and other obstetric or gynaecological conditions include remedies from native flora easily accessible along the islands. Mango leaves and Tavahi bark scrapings are infused and drunk daily by women to relieve their symptoms.

Phyllactinia guttata is a species of fungus in the family Erysiphaceae; the anamorph of this species is Ovulariopsis moricola. A plant pathogen distributed in temperate regions, P. guttata causes a powdery mildew on leaves and stems on a broad range of host plants; many records of infection are from Corylus species, like filbert (Corylus maxima) and hazel (Corylus avellana). Once thought to be conspecific with Phyllactinia chorisiae, a 1997 study proved that they are in fact separate species. Microscopically, P. guttata is characterized by large ascomata, long narrow pointed appendages with bulbous swellings at base, 2- or 3-spored asci with large ascospores; the ascomata also have gelatinous cells with tufts of hyphae somewhat resembling hairs.

Camillo Golgi, using his silver staining technique (later deemed the Golgi method), first described radially oriented cells spanning from the central canal to the outer surface of the embryonic chick spinal cord, in 1885. Using the Golgi method, Giuseppe Magini then studied the mammalian fetal cerebral cortex in 1888, confirming the similar presence of elongated radial cells in the cortex (also described by Kölliker just before him), and observing “various varicosities or swellings” on the radial fibers. Intrigued, Magini also observed that the size and number of these varicosities increased later in development, and were absent in the adult nervous system. Based on these findings, Magini then hypothesized that these varicosities could be developing neurons.

The initial appearance of the fetal genitalia looks basically feminine: a pair of "urogenital folds" with a small protuberance in the middle, and the urethra behind the protuberance. If the fetus has testes, and if the testes produce testosterone, and if the cells of the genitals respond to the testosterone, the outer urogenital folds swell and fuse in the midline to produce the scrotum; the protuberance grows larger and straighter to form the penis; the inner urogenital swellings grow, wrap around the penis, and fuse in the midline to form the penile urethra. Each sex organ in one sex has a homologous counterpart in the other one. See a list of homologues of the human reproductive system.

The two urogenital folds of the genital tubercle form the labia minora, and the labioscrotal swellings enlarge to form the labia majora. There are conflicting views on the embryologic origin of the vagina. The majority view is Koff's 1933 description, which posits that the upper two-thirds of the vagina originate from the caudal part of the Müllerian duct, while the lower part of the vagina develops from the urogenital sinus. Other views are Bulmer's 1957's description that the vaginal epithelium derives solely from the urogenital sinus epithelium, and Witschi's 1970 research, which reexamined Koff's description and concluded that the sinovaginal bulbs are the same as the lower portions of the Wolffian ducts.

With the exception of the olfactory nerve (I) and optic nerve (II), the cranial nerves emerge from the brainstem. The oculomotor nerve (III) and trochlear nerve (IV) emerge from the midbrain, the trigeminal (V), abducens (VI), facial (VII) and vestibulocochlea (VIII) from the pons, and the glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), accessory (XI) and hypoglossal (XII) emerge from the medulla. The olfactory nerve (I) and optic nerve (II) emerge separately. The olfactory nerves emerge from the olfactory bulbs on either side of the crista galli, a bony projection below the frontal lobe, and the optic nerves (II) emerge from the lateral colliculus, swellings on either side of the temporal lobes of the brain.

In attempting to resolve a periapical lesion of endodontic origin, it is essential to be conscious of these principles in order to effectively combat the infection. Without proper consideration for the causes, the pulpal and periapical infection cannot be suitably treated, for effective patient management requires the correct diagnosis and removal of the cause of the infection of endodontic origin to correct the associated periapical lesion. Because periapical disease is almost inevitably preceded by pulp disease, proper chemomechanical debridement of the infected root canals, together with incision and drainage of associated periradicular swellings, will usually allow for rapid improvement in patient signs and symptoms.Baumgarten, JC, Hutter, JW: Endodontic Microbiology and Treatment of Infections.

Numerous "Magic Songs" were catalogued by in the Suomen kansan muinaisia loitsurunoja, translated into English by Abercromby; these contain numerous references to "Hiisi" : Hiisi was often used as a prefix in figurative expressions referring to certain things in Finnish life when casting spells ("magic songs")- for example for animals (in English): "Hiisi's bandy legs": a Hare; "braid of hair of Hiisi's girl", or "Hiisi's scourge": a Snake; "Hiisi's eye": A Lizard.; "Hiisi's bird": a Hornet;. The same was used for diseases and afflictions: "Hound of Hiisi": disease causing principle; "Hiisi's son", "Hiisi's cat": Toothache; "Hiisi's toadstool", "Hiisi's filth": tumors or swellings, etc. - the term "Hiisi" alone was also used for ailments, Tempo and Juntas's names were also used in similar contexts.

White, or simple, diacyhlon is compounded of common oil, litharge of gold (litharge mixed with red lead), and adhesives drawn from the root of the Althaea, the seeds of flax and fenugreek. The diachylon called direatum has for its basis the common white diachylon, but with every pound of which is mixed an ounce of powder of Iris; this plaster digests, incides, and ripens with more force than the simple diachylon. There is also the great diachylon, or diachylon magnum, composed of litharge of gold, oils of iris, chamomile, and aneth, turpentine, pine resin, yellow wax, and adhesives derived from flax, fenugreek, with new figs, raisins of Damascus, icthyocolla, juices of iris, squill, and hyssop. This diachylon was said to soften hard swellings called scirrhus, and dissipate tumors.

Lester Bangs' Rolling Stone review stated, "The arrangements by Carla Bley are miracles of dynamics, rising and falling in volume and velocity and the awe-inspiring balance of collective ensembles improvising freely through swellings and contractions of individual voices entering and leaving the mysterious swirling circle of simultaneous songs as diverse as the number of performers yet never lacking in the kind of transporting telepathic unity that makes this multiplicity of musical lines such a far cry from the chaos of the charlatans in other sections of the avant-garde hiding under the mantle of these geniuses. An extremely tight, moving substantial record." Robert Christgau was less impressed in The Village Voice, regarding the album as merely "competent Jazz Composer’s Orchestra style ensemble jazz, full of nice dissonances and not much more".

Montagu believed Treves's statement in his book, The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences, referring to Merrick's first name as John, not Joseph, was due to confusing him with his supposed younger brother, who was later discovered to be of no relation to Joseph Merrick. A pamphlet titled "The Autobiography of Joseph Carey Merrick", produced c. 1884 to accompany his exhibition, states that he started to display anatomical signs at approximately five years of age, with "thick lumpy skin... like that of an elephant, and almost the same colour". According to a 1930 article in the Illustrated Leicester Chronicle, he began to develop swellings on his lips at the age of 21 months, followed by a bony lump on his forehead and a loosening and roughening of the skin.

Since infant mortality in Amboseli yellow baboons depends in part on the number and ages of other infants born into the group, pre-ovulatory females that are most susceptible to stress-induced delay or inhibition of ovulation are the most frequent targets of female coalition attacks. Female attackers are often in advanced stages of pregnancy and have the most to lose if the number of infants in the group reaches an unsustainable level. A similar study of Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) noted high levels of female-female aggression around the mating season when the number of ovulating females was high (indicated by sexual swellings) and that aggression directed toward suppressing the mating opportunities of ovulating females. Among elephant seals (Mirounga) high neonatal mortality occurs when the number of pups born in a season is high, with deaths resulting from injury and starvation.

Sophisticated medical equipment for both diagnostic and treatment purposes has been developed and marketed worldwide, such as computer tomography (CT) scanners, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems, ultrasound scanners, nuclear medical cameras, and surgical lasers. Other innovations include a controlled-release liquid polymer to prevent accumulation of tooth plaque, a device to reduce both benign and malignant swellings of the prostate gland, the use of botulin to correct eye squint, and a miniature camera encased in a swallowable capsule used to diagnose gastrointestinal disease, developed by Given Imaging. In 2009, scientists from several European countries and Israel developed a robotic prosthetic hand, called SmartHand, which functions like a real one, allowing patients to write with it, type on a keyboard, play piano and perform other fine movements. The prosthesis has sensors which enable the patient to sense real feeling in its fingertips.

The two chimney stacks of the Windscale reactors, with the visible swellings to house Cockcroft's filters As director of the AERE, Cockcroft famously insisted that the chimney stacks of the Windscale plutonium production reactors be fitted, at great expense, with high performance filters. This was in response to a report of uranium oxide being found in the vicinity of the X-10 Graphite Reactor in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Since this was decided after the stacks had been designed, they produced pronounced lumps in the shape of the structures. The reactors were designed to remain clean and uncorroded during use; thus, it was not considered that there would be any particulate present for the filters to catch, and the uranium oxide at Oak Ridge turned out to be from the chemical plant, and not the reactor after all.

Additionally, the increased attention from males also puts females at a risk of injury through male aggression. In terms of the cost to males, mate guarding has been found to significantly reduce foraging in male baboons, therefore reducing their available food. Additionally, males expend effort in both grooming and consorting the female with whom they are mating, as well as warding off other males; the more attractive the female is, the greater the male-male competition, therefore increasing the risk to the male, as fights between baboons are potentially lethal. Although Pagel performed a field experiment which found support for all predictions of the hypothesis through the observation of olive baboons (Papio anubis), its methodology has since been criticised, and subsequent research has failed to find empirical evidence that sexual swellings reliably indicate female quality in this, and other, species (e.g.

Additional diagnostic characters were proposed by the authors, but their character-states cannot be determined in other protosuchian taxa. These characters include a width of the mandibular symphysis across the swellings of the caniniform teeth that is almost equal to the anteroposterior length of the symphysis and an anterolateral process of the ectopterygoid with an inverted V-shaped ridge on the dorsal surface. The shortness of the snout relative to the rest of the skull and the presence of a laterally and ventrally open notch between the premaxilla and maxilla indicate that Platyognathus is a member of Protosuchia as defined by Wu et al. (1994). Because the infratemporal fenestra of Platyognathus is very small and the mandibular symphysis extends posteriorly to the level of the seventh to ninth tooth, the genus is thought to be more derived than Orthosuchus.

Hemigalinae resemble the Viverrinae in having the scent glands present in both sexes and wholly perineal, but differing by their simpler structure, consisting in the male of a shallower, smaller pouch, with less tumid lips, situated midway between the scrotum and the penis, but not extending to either. In the female, the scent glands consist of a pair of swellings, each with a slit-like orifice, situated one on each side of the vulva and a little behind it and on a common eminence, the perineal area behind this eminence being naked. The prepuce is long and pendulous. The feet are nearly intermediate in structure between those of the digitigrade Viverrinae and the semiplantigrade Paradoxurinae, but more like the latter, both the carpal and metatarsal pads being well developed, double, and joining the plantar pad below, and as wide as it is at the point of contact.

High endothelial venules (HEV) are specialized post-capillary venous swellings characterized by plump endothelial cells as opposed to the usual thinner endothelial cells found in regular venules. HEVs enable lymphocytes circulating in the blood to directly enter a lymph node (by crossing through the HEV). Table 14-1 In humans, HEVs are found in all secondary lymphoid organs (with the exception of spleen, where blood exits through open arterioles and enters the red pulp), including hundreds of lymph nodes dispersed in the body, tonsils and adenoids in the pharynx, Peyer's patches (PIs) in the small intestine, appendix, and small aggregates of lymphoid tissue in the stomach and large intestine. In contrast to the endothelial cells from other vessels, the high endothelial cells of HEVs have a distinctive appearance, consisting of a cuboidal morphology and with various receptors to interact with leukocytes (express specialized ligands for lymphocytes and are able to support high levels of lymphocyte extravasation).

Oeceoclades ugandae is a terrestrial orchid species in the genus Oeceoclades that is native to parts of tropical Africa, including west tropical Africa (Ghana and Ivory Coast), west-central tropical Africa (Gulf of Guinea islands and the Democratic Republic of the Congo), northeast tropical Africa (Ethiopia), and east tropical Africa (Kenya and Uganda). It was first described by the British botanist Robert Allen Rolfe in 1913 as Eulophia ugandae and later transferred to the genus Oeceoclades in 1976 when Leslie Andrew Garay and Peter Taylor resurrected and revised that genus. The English botanist V.S. Summerhayes treated this species as a synonym of O. latifolia, but Garay and Taylor noted that while the two species share a superficial resemblance in the appearance of the labellum, they are distinct in vegetative morphology. The labellum of O. ugandae also has two swellings or protuberances between the lateral and midlobes, a feature that O. latifolia lacks.