113 Sentences With "surplus water" | Random Sentence Generator

There was even talk of exporting surplus water to its neighbors.

The dam&aposs spillway can control the flow of surplus water up to 890 feet above sea level.

The Senate Environment and Public Works Committee will hold a hearing on how the Army Corps of Engineers handles surplus water.

But transferring surplus water from Ken river to the Betwa river basin will have "no major adverse impact" from an environmental or ecological perspective, the report said.

She is one of dozens of farmers downstream from Tham Luang Cave whose fields have been flooded by the surplus water pumped out to reduce flood levels in the cavern.

Yet despite all this, Lake Mead's users have been overdrawing water in recent years — essentially assuming that there will be wet years in the future to provide surplus water and recharge the system.

There is surplus water in some dams, e.g. in the Oanob Dam, the Hardap Dam, the Naute Dam and the Friedenau Dam. This surplus water cannot be used because of the remote location of these dams and the comparatively limited local demand. Namibia suffers from regular droughts, the most recent one hitting the country in 2015/16.

Minutes p. 312. The main function of the Gileppe Dam in the 21st century is to provide drinking water. As these needs are met, surplus water is turbinated.Aubin and Varone, p. 18.

With a Rupees 16.10 crore grant from the state government, the Karnataka Lake Conservation and Development Authority, began a desilting program was run to use the surplus water and to remove silt mounds.

Because of these policies, production increased by $353 million, while water- use efficiency was also drastically improved. Surplus water is used for other purposes such as replenishing natural water bodies to support ecosystem services.

In modern times, a complex network of irrigation has been created, with the main axis centred on the diversion project. Beyond irrigation, these channels also take runoff and surplus water from the Turia to the wetlands and marshes around Valencia.

In 2017, Sierra Rutile constructed a 60-meter footbridge between Higima and Nyandehun villages in the Imperi Chiefdom to help people move more safely across the two areas. The bridge is located above Lanti Dredge pond's passage for surplus water (spillway).

Residents of the M and M Thiruvalluvar Nagar (Mugalivakkam and Manapakkam) Residents Welfare Association said surplus water from the Pour Lake should drain into the Manapakkam Channel through Moulivakkam, Mugalivakkam, Madha Nagar, Rajeswari Avenue and Mahalakshmi Nagar. The channel once 40 feet wide drains surplus water from the Porur Lake as well as storm water into the Adyar River at Manapakkam. The problem, residents complained, was primarily due to the shrinking of the Manapakkam Channel. Residents of the Thiruvalluvar Nagar unable to reach homes as the area is completely under water in the years 2005, 2006, 2008, 2011 and 2015.

First, the Mahanadi, Godavari. Krishna and Kaveri rivers would all be inter-linked by canals. Reservoirs and dams would be built along the course of these rivers. These would be used to transfer surplus water from the Mahanadi and Godavari rivers to the south of India.

It dates back to the 8th century. The lake is filled by the water of Madivala lake, through the Raja Kaluve. Surplus water is drained to the Bellandur Lake. The most famous attraction of Agara lake is the Children-Rooster Globe, which also has been cleaned.

On the outskirts of Burnley, the canal passes through the Gannow Tunnel, before turning to the north. At Barrowford, another flight of seven locks raise the canal by to the summit level. Barrowford Reservoir holds surplus water from the summit level. Soon, Foulridge Tunnel burrows through the hillside for .

A season of light rain may be sufficient for the needs of Ethiopia, but there is little surplus water to find its way to the Nile; and a shortness of rain means a low Nile, as practically all the flood water of that river is derived from the Ethiopian tributaries.

The 1438 Heumgyeonggak-nu (欽敬閣漏) was an astronomical clock that displayed the movements of celestial bodies and changes of seasons with both visual and audible time signals. It had an overflow tube that transferred surplus water to a miniature waterfall, pond, and tilting vessel (Kim et al. 2017: 174).

In the early 1970s, the SWP system still had a lot of "surplus" – water supply developed through the construction of Oroville Dam, which was running unused to the Pacific Ocean because the water delivery infrastructure for Southern California had not yet been completed (and when it was, southern California was slow to use the water). The surplus water was given for irrigation in the San Joaquin Valley instead. Because the water would only be a temporary supply, farmers were advised to use it for seasonal crops (such as alfalfa or hay) rather than permanent crops such as orchards. Nevertheless, many farmers used the water to develop new permanent crops, creating a dependency on SWP water that is technically part of Southern California's entitlement,Reisner, pp.

200 Tmcft surplus water annually from the Godavari River is planned to be fed into this tail pond by the Dummugudem Lift Irrigation Scheme which is under execution. The water transferred to this tail pond will be pumped to the upstream 410 Tmcft gross water storage capacity Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir to feed its right and left bank canals. Thus Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir need not receive the water supply from the upstream Srisailam reservoir. As the tail water level (48.33 m MSL) of this dam is below the full reservoir level (53.34 m MSL) of the downstream Pulichintala dam, surplus water in Pulichinthala reservoir can be pumped by envisaging pumped storage units from Pulichinthala reservoir to Nagarjunasagar reservoir via this pond.

This stretch of the river has substantial hydro electricity generation potential by building medium head (< 20 m) barrages in series to minimise land submergence. The surplus water of Indravati River in Odisha can also be diverted to Sabari river via Jouranala through which Indravati River flood waters naturally overflow into Sabari basin for power generation.

The seed bank is poor and very sensitive to changes in population size. The indehiscent fruit determines seed distribution in the soil around its mother plants. "A. nitidiflorus is able to form a short-term persistent soil seed bank". The seeding process happens in the summer months when there is a surplus water supply.

Spread of Prosopis in Bura. In order to avoid the destruction of the riverine forest and other environmental damage in Bura, a plantation programme was included in the BISP. The World Bank estimated that 3,900 ha forest would be necessary. It calculated that the cost of irrigating would be low, as surplus water would be used.

During the rainy season, when the water comes to river, Panthanenthal kanmai will be filled with the water through the canal. Then the surplus water will flow through the canal of the tiruchuli kanmai. In this case, for about sixteen years, the canals have been left without care. Thus, the big kanmai did not leave the water.

The grooves in the floor were intended to carry off the surplus water and make a visit to the conservatory more comfortable and pleasant. Several wooden plant benches that had rotted out were replaced by benches made of concrete wire netting to stand the constant change of temperature better than wood. The conservatory, one month after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.

Loch Achilty is a large picturesque lowland freshwater loch set within a sloping birch and oakwood forest, and located near to Contin in Ross-shire, Scottish Highlands, Scotland. Loch Achilty is notable for having no outflow, and it is assumed that it is discharging its surplus water via tunnel into the River Rosay that eventually flows into the larger River Conon.

In 1963, Arizona's congressional delegation proposed these dams as part of the Central Arizona Project to accomplish these goals. The state of California opposed the project, as it would eliminate the "surplus" water in the Colorado (really the Upper Basin's yet unused supplies) it had gotten accustomed to using.Martin, p. 56 The Bureau of Reclamation, meanwhile, had recognized a more serious problem.

Session-3 River and Drainage System in CMA It discharges about water annually to the Bay of Bengal. The discharge is seasonal with about 7 to 33 times more than the annual average during the Northeast monsoon season between September to December. The river is also supplied by surplus water from about 40 ponds. The present discharge of the river is 39000 cu.

Notwithstanding the damaged state of the sluices and the great force of the water when escaping through them, the embankment has always remained firm and uninjured, a satisfactory proof of the solidity of the structure.Mysore: a gazetteer compiled for government, Vol 2 Page No. 482 Google Books Online If required (as during drought) the tank can be fed by surplus water from Bhadra Dam's right bank canal.

The occasional surplus water leaves the lake through the canalised Sió. During the Pleistocene the lake was much larger, and deep. The southern shore of Lake Balaton is extremely shallow, the average depth only being reached at a distance of from the shore. There is a long beach ridge, covered by sand, on the southern shore, built up by the waves underneath the dominant north-westerly wind.

As spring approaches, the snow is melted from south to north alongside the river flow. There is also the possibility that the surplus water can hit unmelted ice on the river and back up. The flatness of the terrain and small slope of the river is a significant factor. The first known recorded accounts of floods along the Red River appeared in the 1770s.

The city of Veneta gets its drinking water from three deep wells located within the city limits. In 2013, a pipeline was completed which connected the city of Veneta to the Eugene Water & Electric Board (EWEB), allowing the city to purchase surplus water from EWEB. The pipeline supplies the city with an extra of water per day and provides the city with 20% of its water supply.

Wadi al-Abyad Barrage was built in 2002 at the lowest point in Wadi al-Abyad near Iraqi-Saudi border within Al Anbar Governorate to save rainwater during winter and spring to a long summer season. Saved water is used for bedouins and their cattle. A barrage's capacity is 25–50 million mc. A pipe is laid under the barrage to dispose of surplus water.

In 1912, the area's major employer, the Bonner Fruit Company, was canning over a million tons of peaches, apricots, and other fruits.Bearchell and Fried 1988, p. 124 When the Los Angeles Aqueduct opened in 1913, Valley farmers offered to buy the surplus water, but the federal legislation that enabled the construction of the aqueduct prohibited Los Angeles from selling the water outside of the city limits.Bearchell and Fried 1988, p.

Without being maintained, the 1,500 acres of the three villages of Tiruchuri, Pachcheri and Tamil Padi became the land of wasteland. In this case, the Tamil Nadu and Tiruchuri civilians were involved in the task of reconstructing the canals in their own efforts. In 2017, in the areas of Theni, Usilampatti and Tirumangalam, flooding in the Kunda, the water is filled kanmai with surplus water. Soil water level has increased.

The river formerly joined the River Mersey at Weston Marsh, but since the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal, begun in 1887, it has flowed into the canal, from where surplus water enters the Mersey by the Weaver sluices, just upstream of the junction. The tidal river section below Frodsham has been bypassed by the Weston Canal since 1810, and is no longer navigable, as Frodsham Lock is derelict.

Some of the off- road paths in the village reflect aspects of the past; for example, "Shell Road" and "Lime Brae" indicate the routes over which these materials were transported in the past; "Craw Road" and "Rocks Road" refer to the avian inhabitants and the underfoot surface respectively; "The Run" refers to the route by which surplus water was run off from the upper part of the village and down to the sea.

He also insisted that increasing the depth of lakes around Chennai city and its suburbs will also increase water capacity in these lakes. Thus in the rainy season the surplus water will not be wasted. Several initiatives have been taken by him and his team to provide uninterpreted water service to the public. Increasing diesel price, Congested traffic and ground water shortages have created a difficulty for many private lorry owners to leave their profession.

In Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu, the NGO Gramalaya, established in 1987, and women self-help groups promote access to water supply and sanitation by the poor through microcredit. Among the benefits are that women can spend more time with their children, earn additional income, and sell surplus water to neighbours. This money contributes to her repayment of the WaterCredit loan. The initiative is supported by the US-based non-profit Water Partners International.

During the last phase of the monsoon season when excessive rainfall occurs the dam cannot take in all the water and so much of it is released. This surplus water becomes voluminous and overflows the bank of the river and canals. The side embankments are not constructed perfectly everywhere, and the weak points are breached to cause flood. Flood waters can not always find passage to be drained out quickly causing water logging.

A device for transporting buckets of water called the satura existed in the city mainly to supply the soldiers of the citadel; surplus water was distributed to the city's residents.Luz 2014, p. 179. Al-Uthmani praised the natural beauty of Safed, its therapeutic air, and noted that its residents took strolls in the surrounding gorges and ravines. The Black Death brought about a decline in the population in Safed from 1348 onward.

This problem stemmed from the seasonal variations in the river flow due to monsoons and the absence of storage reservoirs to conserve the vast amounts of surplus water during those periods of high river discharge. The Mangla Dam was the first of the two dams constructed to reduce this shortcoming and strengthen the irrigation system of the country as part of the Indus Basin Project, the other being Tarbela Dam on River Indus.

Mookaneri lake (Kanankuruchi Aeri) is a lake spread over 58 acres in Kannankurichi, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located at the foot of the Shevaroy Hills, a major water body of the Salem city, source of Water for the Mookaneri Lake, has been from rainfall received in the Yercaud hill station. The rain water from the hills will reach the Puthu Yeri. The surplus water of Puthu Yeri reached Mookaneri Lake through the Kothukaran Odai.

Watrap or Vattirāyiruppu () is a taluk in Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India. The traditional name of Watrap, before The British colonization of India, was Vatratha Iruppu, which translates in Tamil to "surplus water". There is a Perumal temple (Pěrumāḷ Kōyil, பெருமாள் கோயில்) in the centre of the village and a Shiva and Hanuman temple at the outskirts of the village. The holy uphill shrine "Sundara Mahalingam (Lord Shiva) temple" (also known as Thaani Paarai and Sathuragiri Malai) is here.

Korattur Aeri, or Korattur Lake, also known as Vembu Pasumai Thittu, is a lake spread over 990 acres in Korattur, Chennai, India. It is located to the north of the Chennai–Arakkonam railway line. It is one of the largest lakes in the western part of the city. Korattur Aeri is one of a chain of three water bodies, including the Ambattur Aeri and the Madhavaram Aeri, where surplus water from one is transported to another.

Like other sponges, Oscarella lobularis is a filter feeder. Water is drawn into the interior of the sponge through the ostia, the bacteria and organic particles on which the sponge feeds are filtered out, and the surplus water is expelling through the osculi. This sponge is a hermaphrodite; ciliated larvae known as parenchymella larvae are liberated into the water and soon settle on the substrate and undergo metamorphosis into the adult form. This sponge can reproduce asexually.

After reconstruction, the water was pumped directly into the main line, with surplus water flowing into Tringford reservoir. The section of canal between Wendover and Drayton Beauchamp remained in water, resembling a chalk stream. In 1917, German prisoners of war built a railway bridge over it near Wendover. The standard gauge railway line was used to remove timber from Wendover Woods, and also supplied Halton Camp, a base for the Royal Flying Corps, which subsequently became RAF Halton.

The project was conceived by Sir Arthur Cotton, however designs were finalised during the N. T. Rama Rao government. The budget allocations started during the tenure of Y.S.Rajasekhara Reddy in 2004. The first phase of construction of the project was underway as of 2016. The project is constructed to utilise surplus water from the Krishna river; which is however unreliable and thus does not assure allocation of water to the drought-prone Rayalaseema and Nellore districts.

Tamirabarani–Nambiar Link Canal is a proposed canal in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu which will link Tamirabarani, Karumeniyar and Nambiyar rivers. Tamil Nadu depends heavily on water from the rivers originating from the neighbouring states of Kerala and Karnataka. The state government has envisioned a project which should potentially benefit the drier regions of the Tirunelveli and Tuticorin districts of the state. The project is expected to use the 13,000 mcft surplus water in Tamirabarani river.

By the junction is the intake for Otterbourne Water Treatment Works. Remains of Allbrook Lock on the former Itchen Navigation After some , the river continues straight ahead, and another cut begins, turning sharply to the right. Soon the remains of Brambridge Lock are reached, which include a derelict eel trap. The design of the gates, which included vents near the top of the structure, to allow surplus water to pass through, was clearly shown in a drawing dating from 1880.

The Himalayan component would consist of a series of dams built along the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers in India, Nepal and Bhutan for the purposes of storage. Canals would be built to transfer surplus water from the eastern tributaries of the Ganga to the west. This is expected to contribute to flood control measures in the Ganga and Brahmaputra river basins. It could also provide excess water for the Farakka Barrage to flush out the silt at the port of Kolkata.

On the right bank, a waste weir 4.572 m (15 ft) wide provides for the escape of surplus water. A pair of steel beam supports, being remnants of a standing platform remain at midpoint of the arch wall crest downstream side. Second-hand steel rails were used for reinforcement during the construction of the dam wall (providing about 12.4 kg/m, or 25 lb to the yard) and they appear to have provided adequate supports for the still structurally integral wall.

The most important of these projects, and the largest development project in Cyprus since independence, was the Southern Conveyor Project, which collected surplus water from the southwestern part of the island and conveyed it by a 110-kilometer long water carrier to the central and eastern areas. When the project reached completion in 1993, it, and a number of other large projects, would guarantee farmers and the inhabitants of Nicosia and other towns adequate amounts of water into the next century.

He proposed two methods to achieve the drainage of the levels. The first was to straighten the river, to remove all of the obstructions, and to construct an outfall sluice, to prevent the tides entering the river. The brooks on the west level and at Ranscombe would need better embankments, and adequate sluices to allow water to drain away when required. The second method involved raising the banks on all of the meadows, and constructing a separate sewer to carry surplus water from them to the sea.

The spillway is designed with an ogee crest to allow controlled discharge of surplus water from the watershed. The lake is also designed with an emergency spillway that would discharge excess floodwater away from the toe of the dam to ensure a safe operation in flooding conditions. The local fishing club provides an annual fish rescue for gamefish that have escaped the lake flowing over the spillway throughout the year. The rescue is performed below the dam in the stilling basin before entering the creek below.

The surplus water of Indravati River in Odisha can also be diverted to Sabari river via Jaura Nallah through which Indravati flood waters naturally overflow into Sabari basin. Sileru River (known as Machkund in its upper reaches) is the major tributary of Sabari which joins Sabari river at tri-junction boundary point of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. Sileru river has huge potential of hydro electricity generation which has been substantially harnessed by constructing Machkund, Balimela, upper Sileru, Donkarayi and lower Sileru hydro power projects.

The Greenock Cut, with one of the small stone buildings over a sluice gate. Automatic sluice gate mechanism. From Cornalees Bridge The Cut runs west then turns northward following along the contour of Dunrod Hill which it follows round until running eastwards directly above the town of Greenock at Overton, having come a distance of . On the way it collects some of the water from streams that cross its path, and a series of sluice gates incorporated an ingenious automatic way of releasing surplus water.

Ambattur aeri, or Ambattur lake, is a rain-fed reservoir which reaches top levels during the monsoon seasons. In November 2008, incessant monsoon rain filled the lake and encroachments on the north and south banks of the lake were demolished. It also caters to the drinking water needs of the Chennai city after Poondi and Chembarambakkam Lake. Ambattur aeri is one of a chain of three water bodies, including the Korattur aeri and the Madhavaram aeri, where surplus water from one is transported to another.

The Tortum Waterfall is the tallest waterfall in Turkey. Since the completion of the Tortum Dam and Hydroelectric Plant in 1960, water is drawn from Tortum Lake through channels and tunnels, and allowed to rush down into the turbines. The waterfall is fed only from the surplus water and thus now functions only for a very short period during the months of May and June when the water level of the lake is exceptionally high. During the other months the bed of the waterfall is almost dry.

Condit dam was required to discharge at least 15 ft³/s (0.4 m³/s) to keep the river channel viable. Surplus water was used by the turbines for electrical power generation and returned to the river about a mile downstream. Additional flow beyond what the turbines could use was discharged through five tainter gates and two sluice gates. The dam crest had a pneumatically actuated hinged crestgate which was designed to fail catastrophically as a safety relief when flow exceeds 18000 ft³/s (510 m³/s).

Spynie Canal was created as the culmination of attempts to drain Loch Spynie (which survives as a small loch) and the low- lying areas between Spynie Palace and Lossiemouth, the surplus water flowing through sluice gates at Lossiemouth. Thomas Telford was consulted in 1808 and the contractor for the work 1808–11 was a Mr Hughes, who had worked on the Caledonian Canal. The unprecedented floods of 1829 caused considerable damage and subsequently dykes were thrown up along the canal's banks.Forres Gazette, 17 September 1884, p.

There is also possibility to install huge capacity Pumped-storage hydroelectricity station for the needs of peaking power using high high water level drop. This reservoir will serve as upper pond and existing Balimela reservoir as tail pond for installing Pumped-storage hydroelectricity units. Thus this reservoir water can be put to use more productively. The existing MHES can also be kept in operation by diverting the surplus water from the nearby upper Kolab reservoir into the Machkund river basin by joining with nearly 4 km long tunnel.

He suggested that the Brahmaputra and Ganga basins are water surplus areas, and central and south India as water deficit areas. He proposed that surplus water be diverted to areas of deficit. When Rao made the proposal, several inter-basin transfer projects had already been successfully implemented in India, and Rao suggested that the success be scaled up.A.K. Singh (2003), Interlinking of Rivers in India: A Preliminary Assessment, New Delhi In 1980, India’s Ministry of Water Resources came out with a report entitled "National Perspectives for Water Resources Development".

This arrangement created a large lagoon on the southern side of the lock, at the end of which a simple cascade weir allowed surplus water to flow into the next pound. The lagoons increased the volume of water in the short pounds. The locks were built with a single gate at the top and at the bottom, whereas most locks built previously on the BCN had double gates at the bottom end of the lock. After closure, the top seven locks were filled in and the area was landscaped.

Since the lake is fed by surplus water from the Senegal River, during the rainy season it can increase to a maximum length of 34 km and a width of up to 8 km, while the water level can fluctuate by as much as 4.29 m. In the marshland along its fringes, Phragmite and Typha reeds are growing, which are cut for thatching. Several species of birds are present, as are numerous snakes and small mammals such as otters and mongoose. Slender-snouted crocodiles can also be found.

It may be noted that the state government had also come up with a river linking project between Vansadhara and Rushikulya rivers a few years ago, which was shelved. According to him Mahanadi-Rushikulya river linking project is the only way to save water-scarce Ganjam district and to reduce regular floods in the Mahanadi. The RBM had also prepared a detailed viability report of the project. According to Mr Panda the viable solution to link the two rivers was to use the Subalaya barrage project to transfer surplus water of Mahanadi to Rushikulya.

In the past, surplus water has been sold to private companies, and in 2006 to neighboring New Windsor during a water shortage there. At times, more often than not, the Town of Newburgh has relied exclusively on the Aqueduct since manganese levels in the lake give its waters a brownish tint. This is especially true since a new, state of the art water treatment plant at the Delaware Aqueduct went on line in early 2014. Facilities near the lake's southern end, include picnic shelters, two playgrounds, fitness and walking trails and boating launches.

The lake is fed by surplus water from the unpolluted stretch of the Cooum river. The lake serves as a source for groundwater recharge in the neighbouring areas, such as Adhiparasakthi Nagar and Govardhanagiri. The average depth is 12 feet. The eco-park surrounding the lake consists of a 3-km-long walking track, children's play area, refreshment block, a central plaza for public gathering, a boat deck with three landing areas, a couple of islands for nesting birds, an open-air theatre, an administration office building, and vehicle parking lot.

Adayar River Joining the Bay of Bengal The Adyar or Adayar, originating near the Chembarambakkam Lake in Kanchipuram district, is one of the three rivers which winds through Chennai (Madras), Tamil Nadu, India, and joins the Bay of Bengal at the Adyar estuary. The long river contributes to the estuarine ecosystem of Chennai. Despite the high pollution levels, boating and fishing take place in this river. The river collects surplus water from about 200 tanks and lakes, small streams and the rainwater drains in the city, with a combined catchment area of .

The township of Coimbatore once was surrounded by the Noyyal river and its canals, tanks, and rivulets. The Noyyal river and its interconnected tank and canal system, believed to have been originally built by the Chalukya Cholas kings, was then an efficient system that provided water transport, storage, and maintained stable groundwater levels. Surplus water from the Noyyal river spilled into the canals and were channeled to the tanks, preventing unwanted flooding. The tanks were a major factor in replenishing the ground water through percolation of the subsoil water.

Shukla, D.C. 1994 Habitat characteristics of wetlands of the Betwa Basin, India, and wintering populations of endangered waterfowl species. Global wetlands, pp. 863–68 An ambitious project to link Ken and Betwarivers has become a stage for a unique man-animal conflict. Proponents of the project, led by the Union Water Ministry, say that the proposed Daudhan dam and the 230 km canal — the key structures of the project — that will transfer surplus water from the Uttar Pradesh section of the Ken to the Betwa in Madhya Pradesh are critical to irrigate nearly 7,00,000 hectares in drought-ravaged Bundelkhand.

If supplies around or treated water per day, although the maximum throughput of the works is per day. Water levels fluctuate seasonally, and during the winter months, up to per day are pumped into the reservoir via the Langford pipeline. In order to meet the rising demands for water faced by both companies, the next major project was the Ely-Ouse to Essex Transfer Scheme. Surplus water in the River Great Ouse, which would otherwise flow into the sea, was to be diverted via a series of channels, tunnels and pipelines to augment supplies to the Abberton and Hanningfield reservoirs.

The major development project on the river is the Daman Ganga Multipurpose project completed which benefits the state of Gujarat and the Union Territory of Dadra Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. In 2015, a major river interlinking project involving inter-basin transfer of surplus water from the Daman Ganga called the "Daman Ganga-Pinjal River Linking Project" has been approved for implementation. The two historical forts on either side of the river at Daman, are the Moti Daman ('Moti' means "big") on the southern bank and the Nani Daman ('Nani' means "small"), on the northern bank.

Throughout its length, the Jefferson River is used extensively as a source of irrigation water for local farms and ranches. Dams constructed upstream on the Ruby and Beaverhead rivers store surplus water from spring runoff which is released to augment natural flows during the summer irrigation season. However, portions of the river can become severely dewatered, shallow, and warm in drought years, adversely impacting fish populations. The unnaturally warm water, combined with excess nutrients from irrigation runoff and grazing practices, can stimulate rapid growth of algae in mid-summer, to the detriment of anglers and floaters.

To keep the canals topped up with water, reservoirs were built to collect water from streams. These had to be above the relevant canal levels, often some distance away. The small Titford Reservoir (Titford Pool), as well as feeding the Titford Canal supplies its surplus water to Edgbaston Reservoir along a feeder through Smethwick. Water from Edgbaston Reservoir feeds the Birmingham Level at the adjacent Icknield Port Loop, and once fed the Wolverhampton Level via a long feeder (now overgrown and dry) along the top of a raised embankment along Telford's BCN New Main Line to the Engine Arm.

The Athi Drainage system, the Tana Drainage system and the Ewaso Ng'iro North Drainage system all flow towards the Indian Ocean. The water distribution in the basins is highly uneven with the highest water availability in the Lake Victoria Basin (more than 50%) and the lowest in the Athi Drainage system. Only the Tana and Lake Victoria Basins, have surplus water resources while the three other basins face deficits. The capital city Nairobi receives its water resources from two drainage systems: The oldest sources, the Kikuyu Springs (used since 1906) and the Ruiru Dam (since 1938) are located in the Athi River Basin.

Oondreswarar temple was moved to ease the construction of the reservoir Poondi Reservoir (later named as Sathyamoorthy Sagar) was constructed in 1944 across the Kosathalaiyar River or Kotralai River in Thiruvallur district with a capacity of 2573 Mcft and placed in service for intercepting and storing Kosathalaiyar River water. Surplus water flows down the river which is again intercepted by Tamaraipakkam Anicut and diverted to Sholavaram Lake and Puzhal lake. (A lined canal known as Poondi Canal was later constructed in 1972 to convey water from Poondi Reservoir to Sholavaram Lake). This reservoir was constructed at the cost of Rupees 65 lakhs.

Among them is Svitiaz, the deepest lake in Ukraine, with an area of 28 square kilometers and a depth of . The water reserve is 310 million cubic meters; 180.8 million cubic meters of them are kept in Svitiaz. Park logo The majority of lakes are joined to each other by soil-reclamation canals of Soviet or earlier times, or natural channels. As long as the main European watershed goes through Shatsk Region, surplus water from them periodically replenishes basins of the Baltic and the Black seas via the Bug and the Vistula, the Prypiat and the Dnieper rivers accordingly.

The main rivers of the district are the Manu, the Dholoi and the Juri which flow from India. Every year during the rainy season, when there is excessive rainfall in India, the surplus water flows through these rivers and causes floods in low-lying parts of Moulvibazar (for example, the villages of Balikhandi and Shampashi on the northern side of the river Manu). Unless the rivers are properly dredged the floods can be devastating. In the last few years Moulvibazar has had a muti-million dollar flood defence system built, which is the only one like it in the whole country.

Media reports stated the Chennai Corporation had ignored September warnings of above-average monsoonal rains issued by the Indian Meteorological Department, and that extensive and costly projects begun in 2013 to desilt city storm drains had been ineffectively conducted. The drains themselves were reported to have been shoddily built and improperly designed. Drains carrying surplus water from tanks to other wetlands had also been encroached upon, while city storm water drains were clogged and required immediate desilting. Chennai has only 855 km of stormwater drains against 2,847 km of urban roads, resulting in flooding after even a marginally heavy downpour.

The balancing reservoir initiated as part of SRSP stage-II for which the foundation stone was laid by the former Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao in 1991. The surplus water from Sriram Sagar Project flow through SRSP Flood Flow Canal (SRSP FFC) into Mid Manair Dam apart from Manair River water. Once the dam reached to full capacity, water can be released into Lower Manair Dam, a major balancing reservoir at Karimnagar city with 24Tmcft Gross Capacity. Dam construction was started in 2004-05 as part of Jalayagnam, but was delayed due to the several political reasons.

This Canal initiated as part of Sriram Sagar stage-II in which the foundation stone was laid by the former Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao in 1991. With this Canal the surplus water from Sriram Sagar Project can be taken into Mid Manair Dam to utilize another 25 tmcft and also it can be used to fill the Lower Manair Dam at Karimnagar City. Canal construction was completed by July 2010, It was open in Aug 2010 after couple of trials. Canal is currently using to fill Lower Manair Dam as Mid Manair is under construction.

As outlined on FERC's website, any hydroelectric project must apply for a license or an exemption from licensing if the project is or will be: # located on a navigable waterway of the U.S.; # occupying U.S. lands; # utilizing surplus water or water power from a U.S. government dam; or # located on a body of water over which Congress has Commerce Clause jurisdiction, project construction occurred on or after August 26, 1935, and the project affects the interests of interstate or foreign commerce. Licenses are valid for a 30 to 50-year period. FERC has three processes by which an applicant can file a license: integrated, traditional, and alternative.

Once opened, the great majority of the Shannon's water was diverted via the head-race canal to the power station. The ESB are required by law to allow 10 cubic meters per second (10 m3/s) to flow down the natural channel. This is roughly what the natural flow would be during dry summer periods prior to the weir being built. All surplus water can be diverted for power generation. The maximum capacity of Ardnacrusha is approximately 400 m3/s, 40 times that which is required to flow down the natural channel (although the power station does not necessarily run at this capacity at all times).

Since the development of the Colorado River Compact, California has been using the surplus water that has been left over from other states. With increasing population growth in the Southwest there is concern that this surplus soon will not exist for California's use. In 2001, Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt signed an interim agreement, determining how water surplus from the Colorado River will be allocated between the states, and creating a fifteen- year period to allow California time to put conservation methods in place to reduce the state's water usage and dependence on Colorado River water. There is also concern regarding Nevada's increasing population and the state's water usage.

According to the report of the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts the structure was assigned to the second half of the 18th century AD (Maratha rule) based on architectural ground and building materials. The present bridge has been placed directly on top of the structure which had been started as early as 13th century AD by Bhanu Deva I (1266–1278) of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty and continued by Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306). He reconstructed the Atharanala bridge for proper discharge of surplus water of that time Saradhar rivulet with an additional culvert thus increasing its total number to nineteen (290 ft long).

Appropriate technology options in water treatment include both community-scale and household-scale point-of-use (POU) or self-supply designs. Such designs may employ solar water disinfection methods, using solar irradiation to inactivate harmful waterborne microorganisms directly, mainly by the UV-A component of the solar spectrum, or indirectly through the presence of an oxide photocatalyst, typically supported TiO2 in its anatase or rutile phases. Despite progress in SODIS technology, military surplus water treatment units like the ERDLator are still frequently used in developing countries. Newer military style Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Units (ROWPU) are portable, self-contained water treatment plants are becoming more available for public use.

Temporary dam stopping the Gomti River for construction on the riverbed Gomti riverfront, with heavy machinery over the riverbed and floodplain Gomti riverfront reclaimed riverbed and floodplain The Gomti has been stressed, particularly in and around Lucknow, for decades. There are three major issues: # Embankments - High embankments were built around the river to protect the population of Lucknow after a major flood during 1970s, altering the Gomti's natural floodplain. # Pollution - The Gomti has 40 natural drains, of which 23 are major. The drains, which carried surplus water into the river during the monsoon and recharged the underground water table, were reduced to carry residential and industrial sewage into the river.

The initiative has been taken up by the Central and State governments to clean up the river and rediscover the pleasures of traditional boat racing. The Chennai Rivers Restoration Trust (CRRT) has asked the Chennai Corporation to chalk out an action plan to remove construction debris dumped on the banks of the river. The Water Resources Department (WRD) started flushing a stretch of the Cooum in December 2010, initially discharging about of surplus water from the Poondi reservoir into the river. In September 2011, the WRD began cleaning the river at a cost of 10.2 million and the work is expected to be completed within a fortnight.

The Cynon Valley is a narrow valley, and the canal followed the course of the northern bank of the Afon Cynon for most of its length. Water was supplied to the top pound by the feeder from the Afon Cynon, and later by the pumping engine at Tyr Founder. The Cwmbach lock had a fall of , after which the middle pound crossed the Nant Pennar stream on an aqueduct to arrive at the Dyffryn lock, which lowered the level by another . There were a total of seven overflow weirs, to allow surplus water to return to the river, and a stop lock before the junction with the Glamorganshire Canal.

The buildings are of an Edwardian Baroque style, rather than the classical Roman style that Leslie had used on earlier works. Near to Talla Reservoir is the Fruid Reservoir, built to impound the waters of the next upstream tributary of the Tweed, the Fruid Water. The top water level is above sea level, and it covers an area of . Construction started in 1967, and surplus water is used to top up Talla Reservoir. In 2014, a survey of the Talla aqueduct, which now carries water from Fruid and Talla to a new water treatments works at Glencorse, was undertaken, after which of the tunnels were refurbished.

Odisha is not permitting AP to install hydropower units (30 MW capacity) at the toe of Balimela dam on the grounds of another jurisdiction. Though AP is permitted in the agreements, Odisha says the site of power house is located in Odisha's territory and AP cannot install the hydro power units in its land. Thus 30 MW power generation capacity at a very low generation cost can not be developed for the last 40 years due to the dispute. The agreement also states that Kolab river surplus water available in Upper Kolab reservoir can be diverted jointly by Odisha and AP to Sileru/Machkund river basin for enhancing hydro power potential substantially.

The inverse of a summit pound is a sump pound. In contrast to a summit pound, a sump pound is a point where every boat entering or leaving the pound causes an addition of water. The longest one is the Fenny Stratford pound on the Grand Union Canal, between Cosgrove Lock, which starts the ascent to the Braunston summit to the north, and Fenny Stratford lock, which starts the ascent to the Bulborne summit to the south. Every sump pound needs somewhere to discharge the surplus water, and in this case, a large viaduct and aqueduct immediately to the south of Cosgrove Lock carries the canal over the River Great Ouse, which serves that function.

Of the rivers flowing to the Indian Ocean, the only one draining any large part of the interior plateaus is the Zambezi, whose western branches rise in the western coastal highlands. The main stream has its rise in 11°21′3″ S 24°22′ E, at an elevation of . It flows to the west and south for a considerable distance before turning eastward. All the largest tributaries, including the Shire, the outflow of Lake Nyasa, flow down the southern slopes of the band of high ground stretching across the continent from 10° to 12° S. In the southwest, the Zambezi system interlaces with that of the Taukhe (or Tioghe), from which it at times receives surplus water.

The navigation included two locks, one near the junction with the Glen, and the other near Bourne. In order to ease the problems caused by the north bank, the Black Sluice Commissioners negotiated with the Trustees to allow them to build a set of flood gates at Tongue End, where the river joined the Glen, and an overfall weir, which allowed surplus water to flow over the bank and into the Weir Dyke in Bourne Fen. The self-acting doors were replaced by a sluice in the 1860s, which effectively brought navigation to an end, and the sluice was replaced by a pumping station in 1966, which removed the need for the overfall weir.

The section from Derby Road to Radford Bridge Road, including locks 4 and 5, was completed in 1955, and by 1962, had reached lock 12 on the Wollaton flight. Lock 13 was adapted to feed surplus water into the pipes. Wollaton Colliery continued to use the canal to discharge water from the colliery bathhouse until its closure in late 1963, and once it had closed, the section up to lock 19 was drained and culverted in 1966. On 23 September 1964, a section of the top pound was drained, between Trowell and Wollaton, and a large portion of the remainder, between Awsworth and Bailey Grove, was subsequently destroyed by opencast coal mining.

Between 1909 and 1928, the city of Los Angeles grew from 61 square miles to 440 square miles. This was due largely to the aqueduct, and the city's charter was worded such that it stated the City of Los Angeles could not sell or provide surplus water to any area outside the city. Outlying areas relied on wells and creeks for water and, as they dried up, the people in those areas realized that if they were going to be able to continue irrigating their farms and provide themselves domestic water, they would have to annex themselves to the City of Los Angeles. Growth was so rapid that it appeared as if the city of Los Angeles would eventually assume the size of the entire county.

Poverty in Surplus ... water, water, everywhere; little ever to drink; 2005 Edition of Justice Chike Idigbe Memorial Lecture, Oduduwa Hall, Obafemi Awolowo University Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 29 July 2005. Poverty in Nigeria ... we are all in it together; Annual Lecture, Investiture and Dinner of the International Association of Lions Club, District 404 B, Nigeria, Sheraton Hotel and Towers, Ikeja, Nigeria, 30 July 2005. Nigeria Central: Middle Belt, Glue of the Nation; 2005 public lecture series of the Nigerian Union of Journalists (NUJ), Plateau State Council; Hill Station Hotel, Jos, Nigeria, 16 August 2005. Agenda for Better and Stronger Nigeria, Welcome Speech at the Conference of Governors, Legislators and Leaders of Thought of Southern States of Nigeria, held at the Eastern Nigeria Parliament Building, Enugu; 19 December 2005.

The Government of India's National Water Development Authority (NWDA) has proposed the Daman Ganga-Pinjal River Linking Project linking the Daman Ganga River to the Pinjal reservoir on the Pinjal River to the south, in the Vaitarna basin allowing surplus water from the Daman Ganga to be diverted south to Mumbai via the Pinjal reservoir. The feasibility report was prepared by NWDA in 2004, and in 2010 a tripartite agreement was signed between the Central government and the two state governments of Gujarat and Maharashtra. In January 2015, the project was approved for implementation. Under this project the two reservoirs to be created by building dams are the Bhugad dam on Damanganga River in Gujarat and the Khargihill dam on the Vagh River near Behapada village in Thane in Maharashtra.

The crushed ore is irrigated with a dilute alkaline cyanide solution. The solution containing the dissolved precious metals in a pregnant solution continues percolating through the crushed ore until it reaches the liner at the bottom of the heap where it drains into a storage (pregnant solution) pond. After separating the precious metals from the pregnant solution, the dilute cyanide solution (now called "barren solution") is normally re-used in the heap-leach-process or occasionally sent to an industrial water treatment facility where the residual cyanide is treated and residual metals are removed. In very high rainfall areas, such as the tropics, in some cases there is surplus water that is then discharged to the environment, after treatment, posing possible water pollution if treatment is not properly carried out.

Work began at Llanishen soon afterwards, so that surplus water from the Lisvane catchment would not be lost while the Beacons reservoir scheme was being built. The contract for Llanishen Reservoir was awarded to John Mackey, but it is not clear exactly what this included, since the Corporation awarded a contract for enlargement works soon after Mackey completed his contract in 1884. Hill Brothers began work on this second phase, but pulled out in July, due to financial difficulties, after which T A Walker took over, completing the work in 1886. A bill for the Taff Fawr scheme was submitted to Parliament in November 1883, and a House of Commons Committee considered it between 1 May and 20 May 1884, as there were 16 petitions against it, particularly from riparian landowners.

Crawley Development Corporation became a local water authority from 20 November 1948 by order of the Ministry of Health. This allowed it to plan the co-ordination of the New Town's water supply by forming a joint supply company with input from all four water authorities that served the Crawley area at the time. The Weir Wood Joint Water Board was founded in 1950, two years after it was first proposed. In 1952 the Development Corporation built a 250,000-gallon reservoir at Pease Pottage; in the same year the Mid Sussex Joint Water Board started to pump an extra 350,000 gallons per day to Crawley from a reservoir at Ardingly; and a temporary 250,000-gallon reservoir was built at Forest Row to hold surplus water pending improvements to Weir Wood Reservoir.

The canal level dropped by 13 ft (4m) over its length, and this was accommodated by building two locks, one at Cwmbach and the other at Dyffryn. A feeder from the Afon Cynon supplied water to the canal at Canal Head, an aqueduct carried the canal over Nant Pennar, and a stop lock was built at the bottom end, where the canal joined the Glamorganshire Canal just below lock 17. There was a dispute with Richard Blakemore, who owned the Pentyrch ironworks and the Melingriffith Tin Plate Works, and who wanted surplus water to be returned to the river, but he was ultimately ignored, and the water supplied the Glamorganshire Canal. The canal was open for traffic by May 1812, although some outstanding work was completed over the following months.

Lower Saxony falls climatically into the north temperate zone of central Europe that is affected by prevailing Westerlies and is located in a transition zone between the maritime climate of Western Europe and the continental climate of Eastern Europe. This transition is clearly noticeable within the state: whilst the northwest experiences an Atlantic (North Sea coastal) to Sub-Atlantic climate, with comparatively low variations in temperature during the course of the year and a surplus water budget, the climate towards the southeast is increasingly affected by the Continent. This is clearly shown by greater temperature variations between the summer and winter halves of the year and in lower and more variable amounts of precipitation across the year. This sub-continental effect is most sharply seen in the Wendland, in the Weser Uplands (Hamelin to Göttingen) and in the area of Helmstedt.

The Macclesfield Canal had been authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained on 11 April 1826, but the Trent and Mersey Canal had managed to get a clause inserted into the Act that required them to build the final mile (1.6 km) of the route. It also enabled them to charge tolls for use of the final section, and to receive all surplus water from the Macclesfield Canal. Work began on construction in 1827, and on 20 March 1829 the engineer Thomas Telford wrote to the Trent and Mersey Company, following an inspection he had made of Knypersley Reservoir, Harecastle Tunnel and the Hall Green Branch. While generally pleased with the standard of the work on the branch, he was not happy with the use of "dense blue clunch", which had been laid on top of the puddle clay.

The amount of water secured by the four major rivers project is 1.30 billion m3, and plans to secure 1.02 billion m3 of water from the Nakdong River by 2012. Although the residual water in the Nakdong River area is already developed, it is not calculated by region. But it can be used in regions where there is not enough water remaining in the region in an appropriate way. Therefore, it is appropriate to calculate the amount of water deficit by area calculated on the assumption that surplus water quantity can be supplied to the adjacent area after calculation of oversize and abundance by 33 areas (33 subwatersheds) of Nakdong River. Therefore, in the Nakdong River area, it is estimated that 0.11 billion m3 of water will remain in 2011 and 201 billion m3 of water will be lacking in 2016.

The brooks on the west level and at Ranscombe would need better embankments, and adequate sluices to allow water to drain away when required. A second option involved raising the banks on all of the meadows, and constructing a separate sewer to carry surplus water from them to the sea, leaving the main river largely unaltered. The outfall sluice would have been located at Tarring Tenantry near Piddinghoe, and would contain three openings, two of , each with a set of pointed doors facing in opposite directions, to prevent the sea entering the river, and to retain water in the river during dry periods. The third opening would be wide, with double pointed doors facing in both directions, so that it could additionally be used as a navigation lock at all states of the tide and river.

The decreasing water level is due to the loss of the surplus water that once made up for the annual overdraft. Lake Mead as seen from the Hoover Dam with the white band clearly showing the high water level on December 22, 2012. In June 2010, the lake was at 39% of its capacity, and on November 30, 2010, it reached , setting a new record monthly low. From mid- May 2011 to January 22, 2012, Lake Mead's water elevation increased from after a heavy snowmelt in the Rocky Mountains prompted the release of an extra from Glen Canyon into Lake Mead. In 2012 and 2013, the Colorado River basin experienced its worst consecutive water years on record, prompting a low Glen Canyon release in 2014 – the lowest since 1963, during the initial filling of Lake Powell – in the interest of recovering the level of the upstream reservoir, which had fallen to less than 40% capacity as a result of the drought.

With the prospect of the Chard Canal in particular damaging trade on the Parrett, four traders from Langport including Vincent Stuckey and Walter Bagehot, who together operated a river freight business, commissioned the engineer Joseph Jones to carry out a survey for the Parrett Navigation which was then put before Parliament. It was supported by Brunel and a large quantity of documentary evidence. Objections from local landowners were handled by including clauses in the Parrett Navigation Act to ensure that surplus water would be channelled to the Long Sutton Catchwater Drain by culverts, siphons, and sluices, and the Act of Parliament was passed on 4 July 1836. The Parrett Navigation Act allowed the proprietors, of whom 25 were named, to raise £10,500 in shares and £3,300 by mortgage, with which to make improvements to the river from Burrow Bridge to Langport, to reconstruct the restrictive bridge at Langport, and to continue the improvements as far as Thorney.

It also includes an early reference to water power associated with, and subservient to, the water's usage for navigation. The act includes that the Secretary of War is (hereby) authorized and empowered to grant leases or licenses for the use of the water powers on the Muskingum River at such rate and on such conditions and for such periods of time as may seem to him just, equitable, and expedient. Provided, that the leases or licenses shall be limited to the use of the surplus water not required for navigation, and he is also empowered to grant leases or licenses for the occupation of such lands belonging to the United States on the Muskingum River as may be required for mill-sites or for other purposes not inconsistent with the requirements of navigation. All moneys received under such leases or licenses shall be turned into the Treasury of the United States, and the itemized statement shall accompany the annual report of the Chief of Engineers.

He also suggested that its capacity could be increased from to without exceeding the limits of deviation specified in the Act. The Corporation were unsure how to proceed and sought the advice of the water engineer, John Frederick Bateman who agreed with Williams that the Taff Fawr scheme was the most promising solution which would fulfil the town's requirements at the least cost. They decided to build Llanishen Reservoir first, so that surplus water from the Lisvane catchment would not be lost, while the larger Taff Fawr project was under construction. The contract for the initial work was awarded to John Mackay in 1882 and completed in 1884, but it is unclear exactly what this involved, as soon afterwards, another contract for further work was awarded to Hill Brothers. They were unable to complete the work, due to financial difficulties arising from a sewerage contract at High Wycombe, and so T A Walker took over, completing the construction in 1886.

Airman using a Super Soaker The following are the original models of Super Soaker guns: ;Super Soaker 10 : Weighing in at less than 3 ounces, the SS10 was a sub-compact, pistol-type model that was easily concealable due to its small size (56 mL tank volume, model year 1993) ;Super Soaker 20 : The SS20 was a pistol-type model which came with an either a rear-mounted or a grip- mounted pump. (115 mL tank volume, model year 1992) ;Super Soaker 25 : Designed with the grip-mounted pump, the SS25 came with a belt and additional, surplus water tank. (177 mL tank volume, model year 1992) ;Super Soaker 30 : The original pistol-sized gun, the SS30 was released with the very first models in 1991. While only slightly heavier than the SS20, it holds more than twice the water in its reservoir. (265 mL tank volume, model year 1991) ;Super Soaker 40 : With a design similar to that of the classic SS50, the SS40 possessed somewhat more compact size dimensions.

Yamuna River near the Haryana Border The Yamuna, tributary of Ganges, flows along the state's eastern boundary. Northern Haryana has several north-east to south-west flowing rivers originating from the Sivalik Hills of Himalayas, such as Ghaggar-Hakra (palaeochannel of vedic Sarasvati river), Chautang (paleochannel of vedic Drishadvati river, tributary of Ghagghar), Tangri river (tributary of Ghagghar), Kaushalya river (tributary of Ghagghar), Markanda River (tributary of Ghagghar), Sarsuti, Dangri, Somb river. Haryana's main seasonal river, the Ghaggar-Hakra, known as Ghaggar before the Ottu barrage and as the Hakra downstream of the barrage, rises in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and the Satluj and enters the state near Pinjore in the Panchkula district, passes through Ambala and Sirsa, it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs for before disappearing into the deserts of Rajasthan. The seasonal Markanda River, known as the Aruna in ancient times, originates from the lower Shivalik Hills and enters Haryana west of Ambala, and swells into a raging torrent during monsoon is notorious for its devastating power, carries its surplus water on to the Sanisa Lake where the Markanda joins the Sarasuti and later the Ghaggar.