To double-check that number, we ran the same count with Yahoo Finance, summing to a $3.002 trillion.
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The number of climbers on Everest has generally increased each year, summing to nearly 24,000 summit attempts through 2018.
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LARRY KUDLOW: For the USA, summing to something about 23,000 or higher jobs per year; and probably, Kelly, about $100 billion in new direct investment, not portfolio investment, for various sectors, you know, CAPEX, call it.
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The globe's two largest economies have been hard at work over the last two years, with several rounds of painstaking trade negotiations, broken promises and tit-for-tat tariffs only just summing to a partial "phase one" deal reached in December.
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By convention weights are fractions or ratios summing to one, as percentages summing to 100 or as per mille numbers summing to 1000. On the European Union's Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), for example, each country computes some 80 prescribed sub-indices, their weighted average constituting the national HICP. The weights for these sub- indices will consist of the sum of the weights of a number of component lower level indices. The classification is according to use, developed in a national accounting context.
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There are several different definitions and types of stochastic matrices: :A right stochastic matrix is a real square matrix, with each row summing to 1. :A left stochastic matrix is a real square matrix, with each column summing to 1. :A doubly stochastic matrix is a square matrix of nonnegative real numbers with each row and column summing to 1. In the same vein, one may define a stochastic vector (also called probability vector) as a vector whose elements are nonnegative real numbers which sum to 1.
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For example, the problem FIND-SUBSET-SUM is in NP-equivalent. Given a set of integers, FIND-SUBSET-SUM is the problem of finding some nonempty subset of the integers that adds up to zero (or returning the empty set if there is no such subset). This optimization problem is similar to the decision problem SUBSET-SUM. Given a set of integers, SUBSET-SUM is the problem of finding whether there exists a subset summing to zero.
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This specimen is one of the oldest in Scotland, measuring a height of 12 metres. There are a total of seven principal lawns summing to an area of . Further there are a total of five agricultural fields as part of the castle estate which are managed to accommodate cattle, sheep and crops of wheat, barley and hay. The castle is accessed via a private drive of about three quarters of a mile long, that runs across the castle estate.
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Every point has barycentric coordinates, and their sum is not zero. Two tuple of barycentric coordinates specify the same point if and only if they are proportional; that is to say, if one tuple can be obtained by multiplying the elements of the other tuple by the same non-zero number. Therefore, barycentric coordinates are either considered to be defined up to multiplication by a nonzero constant, or normalized for summing to unity. Barycentric coordinates were introduced by August Ferdinand Möbius in 1827.
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There are two alternative methods of disproving a conjecture that something is impossible: by counterexample (constructive proof) and by logical contradiction (non-constructive proof). The obvious way to disprove an impossibility conjecture by providing a single counterexample. For example, Euler proposed that at least n different nth powers were necessary to sum to yet another nth power. The conjecture was disproved in 1966, with a counterexample involving a count of only four different 5th powers summing to another fifth power: :275 \+ 845 \+ 1105 \+ 1335 = 1445.
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In the spherical model, for example, a triangle can be constructed with vertices at the locations where the three positive Cartesian coordinate axes intersect the sphere, and all three of its internal angles are 90 degrees, summing to 270 degrees. For sufficiently small triangles, the excess over 180 degrees can be made arbitrarily small. The Pythagorean theorem fails in elliptic geometry. In the 90°–90°–90° triangle described above, all three sides have the same length, and consequently do not satisfy a^2+b^2=c^2.
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Hübnerite, the manganese-rich end-member of the wolframite series, with minor quartz in the background The abundance and diversity of minerals is controlled directly by their chemistry, in turn dependent on elemental abundances in the Earth. The majority of minerals observed are derived from the Earth's crust. Eight elements account for most of the key components of minerals, due to their abundance in the crust. These eight elements, summing to over 98% of the crust by weight, are, in order of decreasing abundance: oxygen, silicon, aluminium, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium.
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In the theorem, an individual agent is faced with options called lotteries. Given some mutually exclusive outcomes, a lottery is a scenario where each outcome will happen with a given probability, all probabilities summing to one. For example, for two outcomes A and B, ::L = 0.25A + 0.75B denotes a scenario where P(A) = 25% is the probability of A occurring and P(B) = 75% (and exactly one of them will occur). More generally, for a lottery with many possible outcomes Ai, we write: :: L = \sum p_i A_i, with the sum of the p_is equalling 1.
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Because of Justin's contribution to the problem, Kawasaki's theorem has also been called the Kawasaki–Justin theorem. The fact that this condition is sufficient—that is, that crease patterns with evenly many angles, alternatingly summing to can always be flat-folded—may have been first stated by . Kawasaki himself has called the result Husimi's theorem, after Kôdi Husimi, and some other authors have followed this terminology as well. The name "Kawasaki's theorem" was first given to this result in Origami for the Connoisseur by Kunihiko Kasahara and Toshie Takahama (Japan Publications, 1987).
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The most basic identity in accounting is that the balance sheet must balance, that is, that assets must equal the sum of liabilities (debts) and equity (the value of the firm to the owner). In its most common formulation it is known as the accounting equation: :Assets = Liabilities + Equity where debt includes non-financial liabilities. Balance sheets are commonly presented as two parallel columns, each summing to the same total, with the assets on the left, and liabilities and owners' equity on the right. The parallel columns of Assets and Equities are, in effect, two views of the same set of business facts.
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George Martens (born September 23, 1958 in Elmont, New York) is a retired Champion jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing best known for winning the 1981 Belmont Stakes, the third leg of the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing. In 1976, George Martens was the top rated apprentice jockey in the United States, voted the Eclipse Award as the country's Outstanding Apprentice Jockey. In 1981 he earned the most important win of his career when he rode Summing to victory in the Belmont Stakes. Martens retired from riding in 1985 but returned to racing the following year.
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A tire that can withstand 0.8 G of force in braking can also withstand 0.8 G of force in turning or in acceleration, or for example approximately 0.56 G of cornering and 0.56 G of braking simultaneously, summing to 0.8 G at a 45 degree angle. Once the force exceeds the limit circle, that tire starts to slip. Skidding is the vehicle's response to one or more tires slipping. The vehicle dynamics during a skid will depend on whether some or all of the tires are skidding, and whether the car was rotating or turning when the skid began.
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In mathematics, a Gelfand ring is an associative ring R with identity such that if I and J are distinct right ideals then there are elements i and j such that iRj=0, i is not in I, and j is not in J. introduced them as rings for which one could prove a generalization of Gelfand duality, and named them after Israel Gelfand. In the commutative case, Gelfand rings can also be characterized as the rings such that, for every and summing to , there exists and such that :(1+ra)(1+sb)=0. Moreover, their prime spectrum deformation retracts onto the maximal spectrum.
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Similarly, the wavelength of sound or shock waves and phonons in the system is limited by the box size. In simulations containing ionic (Coulomb) interactions, the net electrostatic charge of the system must be zero to avoid summing to an infinite charge when PBCs are applied. In some applications it is appropriate to obtain neutrality by adding ions such as sodium or chloride (as counterions) in appropriate numbers if the molecules of interest are charged. Sometimes ions are even added to a system in which the molecules of interest are neutral, to approximate the ionic strength of the solution in which the molecules naturally appear.
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As said before, the security of FSB depends on a problem called regular syndrome decoding (RSD). Syndrome decoding is originally a problem from coding theory but its NP-completeness makes it a nice application for cryptography. Regular syndrome decoding is a special case of syndrome decoding and is defined as follows: Definition of RSD: given w matrices H_i of dimension r \times (n/w) and a bit string S of length r such that there exists a set of w columns, one in each H_i, summing to S. Find such a set of columns. This problem has been proven to be NP-complete by a reduction from 3-dimensional matching.
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The basic marginal ratio statistics are obtained by dividing the 2×2=4 values in the table by the marginal totals (either rows or columns), yielding 2 auxiliary 2×2 tables, for a total of 8 ratios. These ratios come in 4 complementary pairs, each pair summing to 1, and so each of these derived 2×2 tables can be summarized as a pair of 2 numbers, together with their complements. Further statistics can be obtained by taking ratios of these ratios, ratios of ratios, or more complicated functions. The contingency table and the most common derived ratios are summarized below; see sequel for details.
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A dihedron can be considered a degenerate prism consisting of two (planar) n-sided polygons connected "back-to-back", so that the resulting object has no depth. The polygons must be congruent, but glued in such a way that one is the mirror image of the other. Dihedra can arise from Alexandrov's uniqueness theorem, which characterizes the distances on the surface of any convex polyhedron as being locally Euclidean except at a finite number of points with positive angular defect summing to 4. This characterization holds also for the distances on the surface of a dihedron, so the statement of Alexandrov's theorem requires that dihedra be considered to be convex polyhedra.
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The probabilistically symmetric coverage interval is an interval for which the probabilities (summing to one minus the coverage probability) of a value to the left and the right of the interval are equal. The shortest coverage interval is an interval for which the length is least over all coverage intervals having the same coverage probability. Prior knowledge about the true value of the output quantity Y can also be considered. For the domestic bathroom scale, the fact that the person's mass is positive, and that it is the mass of a person, rather than that of a motor car, that is being measured, both constitute prior knowledge about the possible values of the measurand in this example.
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The recording made extensive use of the 244's pitch control, Demarco described this to Tapeop Magazine: "I was trying to make a Ramones record... I thought, 'I'm going to do basic power chord riffs, I'm going to do solos, and I'm going to do it really fast.' It turned out I'm awful at it. When I slowed things down it was like, 'Ah, now I've got something'". Demarco also used a method of track summing to record more than the 4 track limit: "I learned to ping-pong the 4-track too, so I would do three tracks, bounce it to one, do another three, and hopefully the song would be done by then".
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The only integer triangle with three rational angles (rational numbers of degrees, or equivalently rational fractions of a full turn) is the equilateral triangle. This is because integer sides imply three rational cosines by the law of cosines, and by Niven's theorem a rational cosine coincides with a rational angle if and only if the cosine equals 0, ±1/2, or ±1. The only ones of these giving an angle strictly between 0° and 180° are the cosine value 1/2 with the angle 60°, the cosine value –1/2 with the angle 120°, and the cosine value 0 with the angle 90°. The only combination of three of these, allowing multiple use of any of them and summing to 180°, is three 60° angles.
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Governor Andrew Cuomo created the largest Green Bank in the nation, NY Green Bank (NYGB), and capitalized it through re-purposed ratepayer surcharges and revenues generated by the issuance of emissions permits.NYSERDA. "NY Green Bank Business Plan" The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) designed a 5-year capitalization structure with multiple infusions of capital summing to $1 billion. The NYGB is now a fully staffed entity and operates as a wholesale clean energy finance lender (as opposed to Connecticut, which operates more as a retail lender).Enerknol. "NY Green Bank Highlights Role of Innovation in Solar Financing" Rather than design specific financing products and programs, the NYGB relies on the market to learn what financing is needed.
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Hyperreal fields, non- Archimedean ordered fields containing the real numbers as a subfield, may be used to provide a mathematical foundation for nonstandard analysis. Max Dehn used the Dehn field, an example of a non-Archimedean ordered field, to construct non-Euclidean geometries in which the parallel postulate fails to be true but nevertheless triangles have angles summing to .. The field of rational functions over \R can be used to construct an ordered field which is complete (in the sense of convergence of Cauchy sequences) but is not the real numbers.Counterexamples in Analysis by Bernard R. Gelbaum and John M. H. Olmsted, Chapter 1, Example 7, page 17. This completion can be described as the field of formal Laurent series over \R.
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A cube has 1 cube, 6 faces, 12 edges, and 8 vertices, which corresponds to the next line of the analog triangle (1, 6, 12, 8). This pattern continues indefinitely. To understand why this pattern exists, first recognize that the construction of an n-cube from an -cube is done by simply duplicating the original figure and displacing it some distance (for a regular n-cube, the edge length) orthogonal to the space of the original figure, then connecting each vertex of the new figure to its corresponding vertex of the original. This initial duplication process is the reason why, to enumerate the dimensional elements of an n-cube, one must double the first of a pair of numbers in a row of this analog of Pascal's triangle before summing to yield the number below.
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The problem of finding a single simple cycle that covers each vertex exactly once, rather than covering the edges, is much harder. Such a cycle is known as a Hamiltonian cycle, and determining whether it exists is NP-complete.. Much research has been published concerning classes of graphs that can be guaranteed to contain Hamiltonian cycles; one example is Ore's theorem that a Hamiltonian cycle can always be found in a graph for which every non-adjacent pair of vertices have degrees summing to at least the total number of vertices in the graph.. The cycle double cover conjecture states that, for every bridgeless graph, there exists a multiset of simple cycles that covers each edge of the graph exactly twice. Proving that this is true (or finding a counterexample) remains an open problem...
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Sam Loyd's unsolvable 15 puzzle, with tiles 14 and 15 exchanged. This puzzle is not solvable as it would require a change of the invariant to move it to the solved state. U.S. Political cartoon about finding a Republican presidential candidate in 1880 The puzzle was "invented" by Noyes Palmer Chapman, a postmaster in Canastota, New York, who is said to have shown friends, as early as 1874, a precursor puzzle consisting of 16 numbered blocks that were to be put together in rows of four, each summing to 34. Copies of the improved Fifteen Puzzle made their way to Syracuse, New York, by way of Noyes' son, Frank, and from there, via sundry connections, to Watch Hill, Rhode Island, and finally to Hartford (Connecticut), where students in the American School for the Deaf started manufacturing the puzzle and, by December 1879, selling them both locally and in Boston, Massachusetts.
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The Sulam Loan Fund, the main initiative within the Business Unit, was founded in 2004 in order to provide urgently required credit for small businesses under Arab or joint Jewish-Arab ownership. The fund is a joint partnership between CJAED, UJA-Federation of NY, Mercantile Discount Bank, Olivestone Trust, and large private donors. Over the past five years, loan funds in Israel have become an emerging strategy for Jewish Federations to provide resources for economic development, regional growth, and the creation of much-needed new jobs."2009,"Groundbreaking Jewish-Arab Loan Fund" Jewish in St. Louis" Within this partnership, CJAED guarantees 50% of the loan to facilitate access to credit for entrepreneurs who do not have sufficient collateral including small individually or family-run enterprises, innovative businesses, women entrepreneurs and young business owners.""Sulam Loan Fund" CJAED" It is the first loan fund to specialize in Israel’s Arab sector and has assisted in the disbursement of 279 loans totaling $6.4 million since 2004. Loan sizes vary from $10,000 - $38,000 with the average loan summing to $23,000.
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Definition of 2-RNSD: Given w matrices H_i of dimension r \times (n/w) and a bit string S of length r such that there exists a set of w' columns, two or zero in each H_i, summing to zero. (0 < w' < 2w). Find such a set of columns. 2-RNSD has also been proven to be NP-complete by a reduction from 3-dimensional matching. Just like RSD is in essence equivalent to finding a regular word w such that Hw = S, 2-RNSD is equivalent to finding a 2-regular word w' such that Hw'=0. A 2-regular word of length n and weight w is a bit string of length n such that in every interval [(i-1)w , iw) exactly two or zero entries are equal to 1. Note that a 2-regular word is just a sum of two regular words. Suppose that we have found a collision, so we have Hash(m1) = Hash(m2) with m_1 eq m_2. Then we can find two regular words w_1 and w_2 such that Hw_1=Hw_2 .
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