Skin on dorsum has sparsely granular projections, especially on anterior half of the body. Eggs are non-pigmented. Tadpoles have a suctorial disk, an adaptation to mountain streams.
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The tadpoles have a large suctorial disk. They are light brown, but can have orange to slightly olive hue. The snout and body are depressed and streamlined. The tail is strong with a pointed tip.
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Eucinetids live in detritus or in fungus-covered tree bark, where both adults and larvae eat various sorts of fungi. Around half of the genera possess strongly modified mouthparts, particularly the labrum, adapted for suctorial feeding.
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The teeth are adapted for the suctorial feeding habits of the group. Kathe R. Jensen (2007)Jensen K. R. (November 2007). "Biogeography of the Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia)" . Bonner zoologische Beiträge 55(2006)(3-4): 255–281.
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Members of this family are suctorial sponge feeders. Prey of Dendrodoris krebsii include sponge Haliclona sp.Belmonte T., Alvim J., Padula V. & Muricy G. (2015). "Spongivory by nudibranchs on the coast of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil".
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The suctorial disc is large, extending about three-fourths length of body. The coloration is black with gold markings. The largest tadpoles are about in total length. A newly metamorphosed juvenile with a tail stub measured in snout–vent length.
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The head is incapable of rotating laterally. Two pairs of antennae are set at the front of the head. The eyes are usually well developed and the mouthparts do not form a suctorial cone or proboscis. The thorax or pereon is smooth or slightly sculptured and sometimes spinose or rugose.
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Millipedes in the order Siphonophorida are long and worm-like, reaching up to in length and up to 190 body segments. Eyes are absent, and in many species the head is elongated into a long beak, with mandibles highly reduced. The beak may serve in a suctorial function. The body has a dense covering of fine setae.
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The largetooth cookiecutter shark has a long, cigar-shaped body with an extremely short, blunt head and snout. The large, oval eyes are positioned to allow binocular vision, and are followed by wide, angled spiracles. The nostrils are small, each with a low, pointed skin lobe in front. The mouth is transverse, with a deep fold enclosing its corners and fleshy suctorial lips.
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Male diving beetles have suctorial cups on their forelegs that they use to grasp females. Other beetles have fossorial legs widened and often spined for digging. Species with such adaptations are found among the scarabs, ground beetles, and clown beetles (Histeridae). The hind legs of some beetles, such as flea beetles (within Chrysomelidae) and flea weevils (within Curculionidae), have enlarged femurs that help them leap.
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Hanging under the bell there are four pairs of oral tentacles, about two thirds as long as the diameter of the bell. The upper halves of these are somewhat flattened and the lower halves divide into three vanes which have multiple, inrolled edges. Among these are suctorial mouthlets leading to the interior of the bell and various thick dangling filaments. There is no central mouth.
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Rhizostomae or Rhizostomeae is an order of jellyfish. Species of this order have neither tentacles nor other structures at the bell's edges. Instead, they have eight highly branched oral arms, along which there are suctorial minimouth orifices. (This is in contrast to other scyphozoans, which have four of these arms.) These oral arms become fused as they approach the central part of the jellyfish.
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This previously undiscovered species is a cestoid Parasite, up to long and weighing up to from the late Holocene. The Parasites belong to the group Taeniidae. which are distinguished from the other families of the order Cestoidea by having a distinct head, furnished with four suctorial discs. They did not come to the present directly, but instead were carried through by 2 dodos that were their hosts at that point.
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Nicothoë astaci or the 'lobster louse' is an ectoparasitic copepod that parasitises the gills of the European lobster species Homarus gammarus. The lobster louse was first reported in 1826 by Audoin & Milne-Edwards. N. astaci has been found on lobsters inhabiting locations including Scotland, Lundy Island in the Bristol Channel and as far south as France and Portugal. The louse possesses a narrow suctorial mouthpart to feed on host haemolymph.
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The taillight shark is laterally compressed, with a long rounded snout and large oval eyes. The mouth is large, containing 29 tooth rows in the upper jaw and 34 tooth rows in the lower jaw. The upper teeth are small and needle-like, while the lower teeth are large and triangular, with their bases interlocking to form a continuous cutting surface. The lips are thick and fringed, though not modified to be suctorial.
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Recent studies have shown frog utilization to be one of the major threats, which include utilization of frogs for food, traditional medicine, research purposes and pet trade has also been considered a major contributor to their decline. Tadpole-harvesting was prevalent in the monsoon season during July–September every year. The Nadukani-Moolamattom-Kulamaav tribal people have developed an indigenous method for collecting these uniquely adapted suctorial tadpoles. Usually, about 2–5 individuals would participate in each harvesting event.
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The type genus is restricted to freshwater Famennian strata of Europe and North America. It is also the youngest genus of phyllolepid, being the only taxon that survived the Frasnian-Famennian extinction event. Most species are known only from isolated or fragmented plates. Gill arches seen in whole fossils of the recently described P. thomsoni, together with the castanets-shaped mouths typical of the family, confirm that phyllolepids were suctorial predators analogous to goosefish or flatheads.
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A typical fish louse of the genus Argulus is very flat with an oval or rounded carapace, two compound eyes, sucking mouthparts with a piercing stylet, and two suction cups it uses to attach to its host. These "suctorial organs" are the first of its two pairs of maxillae, modified in shape. Its paired appendages have hooks and spines, and are used for swimming. A. foliaceus in particular is up to 7 millimeters long by 5 millimeters wide.
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About 46-63 eggs are laid beneath rocks, to prevent them from being washed away with the stream. The tadpoles are stream-dwellers, and have suctorial mouth parts to allow them to survive in fast-flowing water. Large population decreases have occurred in areas above 400 m (1500 ft) above sea level, with many populations completely wiped out. This first occurred around 1989, south of the Daintree River, but was replicated in the highlands north of the Daintree River in 1993.
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The suctorial lips and large lower teeth of the cookiecutter sharks are adaptations for its parasitic lifestyle. Best known for biting neat round chunks of tissue from marine mammals and large fish, the cookiecutter shark is considered a facultative ectoparasite, as it also wholly ingests smaller prey. It has a wide gape and a very strong bite, by virtue of heavily calcified cranial and labial cartilages. With small fins and weak muscles, this ambush predator spends much of its time hovering in the water column.
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Cookiecutter sharks have adaptations for hovering in the water column and likely rely on stealth and subterfuge to capture more active prey. Its dark collar seems to mimic the silhouette of a small fish, while the rest of its body blends into the downwelling light via its ventral photophores. When a would-be predator approaches the lure, the shark attaches itself using its suctorial lips and specialized pharynx and neatly excises a chunk of flesh using its bandsaw-like set of lower teeth. This species has been known to travel in schools.
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The feeding mechanism of the female Nicothoe astaci has been studied extensively. The parasite feeds upon the haemolymph (blood) of the lobster by attaching to the gill filament using its circular ('oral disc') mouthparts and limbs. Recent cryo-scanning electron microscopy has revealed structural adaptations that facilitate attachment of these parasites to the gill filaments of their lobster host. It is thought that sharp mandibles pierce the wall of the gill filament before the suctorial oral disc attaches to the gill, which in conjunction with an observed peristaltic mechanism of the stomach, ensures a ‘vacuum seal’ to the host, extracting haemolymph to be ingested.
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Diseased or otherwise weakened animals appear to be more susceptible, and in the western Atlantic observations have been made of emaciated beached melon-headed whales with dozens to hundreds of recent and healing cookiecutter shark wounds, while such wounds are rare on nonemaciated beached whales. The impact of parasitism on prey species, in terms of resources diverted from growth or reproduction, is uncertain. The cookiecutter shark exhibits a number of specializations to its mouth and pharynx for its parasitic lifestyle. The shark first secures itself to the body surface of its prey by closing its spiracles and retracting its basihyal (tongue) to create pressure lower than that of the surroundings; its suctorial lips ensure a tight seal.
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Other gastropods (Littorina saxatalis) and lumbricid worms were all observed at various times to be fed on by Strigamia maritima. Strigamia maritima attacks small Orchestia (or Drosophila if offered) by tearing the prey to pieces. When attacking larger Orchestia, 1 cm or more in length (which it only did if they were damaged or dying) it made a transverse slit and pushed its head and anterior segments inside and the poison claws were seen to be constantly in motion macerating tissue whilst the centipede was involved in what seemed to be external digestion and suctorial feeding. Group feeding, as observed in this species could be advantageous in dealing with prey that would otherwise be invulnerable to them.
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It either extends freely or can be retracted, and may be developed into a stinger for both defence and for paralysing prey. In addition to their large compound eyes, wasps have several simple eyes known as ocelli, which are typically arranged in a triangle just forward of the vertex of the head. Wasps possess mandibles adapted for biting and cutting, like those of many other insects, such as grasshoppers, but their other mouthparts are formed into a suctorial proboscis, which enables them to drink nectar. The larvae of wasps resemble maggots, and are adapted for life in a protected environment; this may be the body of a host organism or a cell in a nest, where the larva either eats the provisions left for it or, in social species, is fed by the adults.
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