Danylyuk said he had come under huge pressure to support a program for subventions for socio-economic development in Ukraine's regions.
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Comme tout bénéficiaire de subventions pour la restauration d'un château, il doit ouvrir ce dernier au public une partie de l'année.
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When paternal subventions were not forthcoming, Neruda hit on the idea of securing a diplomatic post abroad through Chile's Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
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Republicans who attempt to stand up for the rule of law will be putting their careers at risk, which presumably is why virtually all of them have been willing to overlook so many subventions of the rule of law already.
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One immediate result was the creation of the legendary leafy suburban America—thanks to the interlocking subventions of the Interstate Highway System, created under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, and government-sponsored mortgage financing of single-family homes.
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But then why is it that even though Ferrari receives the largest subventions from Formula One and generally has the healthiest budget — of nearly $210 million — as well as a vast staff, it is still struggling to regain the supremacy of its glory days?
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The Third Department administrates control over the community budgets, including dotations and subventions allocated to the communities and over the usage of the community property.
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Further such subventions in support of his work followed in 1645, 1651, 1655 and 1662.Finot, Inventaire sommaire, vol. 6, pp. 178, 205, 231, 273.
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300 anti-racist and anti-fascist groups and organizations; and documents relating to conferences organised by UNITED, with correspondence, documents concerning preparation, subventions, participants and accommodation.
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The cause was rather simple, the German Machtübernahme meant that financial subventions from Germany for Volkswille ceased.Blachetta- Madajczyk, Petra. Klassenkampf oder Nation?: deutsche Sozialdemokratie in Polen 1918-1939.
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The nuclear power industry, together with associated government and private research facilities (including the J-PARC particle physics laboratory), and government subventions form the basis of the local economy.
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The University of Geneva had a budget of roughly 760 million CHF for the year 2016. It mostly comes from the cantonal subventions, the other notable contributors being the federal state and the tuition fees.
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This partnership ended in 1961 with the demise of Real and Fontana bought back the shares he had earlier sold to Gomes. In 1962 Sadia bought TASSA – Transportes Aéreos Salvador and increased its presence in Bahia. In 1967 most of Sadia network was eligible to receive subventions from the Federal government and aiming at those subventions Sadia bought five Handley Page Dart Heralds. In 1968 Sadia joined the shuttle service () between Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont and São Paulo-Congonhas airports, operated since 1959 by Varig, Cruzeiro do Sul and VASP.
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With the reduction in coal production, the town has been experiencing gradual depopulation. , the Bogovina Coal Mine still employs 320 workers, but its destiny is uncertain due to the scheduled cessation of state subventions and likely closure of the "Resavica" mine complex.
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He enrolled there as a student in 1833, although he was informally the head, to the point of telling the trustees whom to hire. He had this power because on his recommendation the Tappans' subventions would continue, or go elsewhere (as they soon did).
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The SLRCS played a major part in containing and managing the Ebola crisis/outbreak and in recovery operations from 2014 to 2016. In 2012, the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society (SLRCS) Act was passed. Section 5, Subsection 2 of the Act states, "The government shall provide subvention to the Society.” Issue was raised in 2018 by the Secretary General, Kpawuru Sandy, as subventions had not been paid since the Act's enactment on December 3, 2012. “We are calling on the government of Sierra Leone to pay subventions to the Red Cross as enshrined in our revised act of 2012 to enable us effectively perform our auxiliary role in humanitarian services".
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To do so, the government launches calls for collective projects by neighbourhood, destined to the associative and communal services. In exchange for subventions for operations and after fixing quantitative objectives, these organizations are tasked with the proximity work in a neighbourhood (door to door solicitation, information meetings with an EEA Advisor...).
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Schenker Documents Online website, Hoboken page: . Deisinger (2015) gives instead 1934 as the terminal date of Hoboken's studies with Schenker. Hoboken's wealth permitted him to provide subventions facilitating the publication of a number of Schenker's works. He was also able to afford his own librarian to maintain his collection of first editions and autographs.
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A flexible retirement age after 62 years was introduced (1972) for invalids and handicapped persons, and social assistance was extended to those who previously had to be helped by their relatives. From 1971, special subventions were provided to enable young farmers to quit farming "and facilitate their entry into the non-agricultural pension system by means of back payments".
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The number of Swiss games released in the 2010s increased significantly thanks to mobile platforms (iOS and Android), digital distribution service Steam for computers, and more accessible game engines available to create games. At the same time, state subventions kept growing. Many Swiss games are released every year. After Farming Simulator, another studio launched a series of simulator games.
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Of the total number of farmers who applied for cantonal subventions, the farmers from Bužim participated with 12.82%. In 2005, 75 applications were submitted to USK Cantonal Employment Bureau for agricultural production crediting. 25 applications were approved (140,000 km in crediting funds and 50,000 km in irreversible funds). These data were obtained from Bužim Employment Bureau.
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The further, for that time extremely high subventions, but lacking of alternative governmental cultural programs for the youth in Zürich, occurred in 1980 to the so-called Opernhauskrawalle youth protests – Züri brännt, meaning Zürich is burning, documented in the Swiss documentary film Züri brännt (movie). The most prominent politician involved was Emilie Lieberherr, then member of the city's executive (Stadtrat) authorities.
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Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 864 Baroja and Caro Baroja, 1955 In 1966 he was among initiators of the Euskaltzaindia memorandum to the Ministry of Education, suggesting pilot Basque classes in public schools, limited bilingualism in primary schools and graduation Basque classes in universities,Martorell Pérez 2011, p. 866 apart from state subventions and limited introduction of Basque in official public use.Martorell Pérez 2011, p.
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Coal mining companies received subventions worth more than €3.2 million from the state budget in 2008 and the privately owned HNB company received almost €500,000 of that sum. The state also guarantees demand for coal extracted from Slovak mines. For instance, the former state energy company, Slovenské elektrárne is obliged to buy coal for its power plant in Nováky, the only one fired with brown coal, exclusively from domestic sources.
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No taxes in minority regions are required to be sent to the central government; all of it can be spent locally. Minorities receive proportional representation in local government. Higher-level jurisdictions ask lower-level minority areas to put forth "extensive efforts to support the country's construction by providing more natural resources" and in exchange gives them infrastructural subsidies such as personnel training, budgetary subventions, and disproportionate public works investments.Sautman, p. 78.
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Energy Regulatory Office (ERO) is an independent company which sets the regulatory framework founded on the principals of free trade. The energy price is determined by different factors: operative cost, maintenance cost, import and other factors. The decrease of commercial and technical losses would affect positively. Factors that have kept the low prizes until now are: foreign investments as grants, government subventions, the lack of investments for environment protection and inexpensive labor force.
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House flag The Nauru Pacific Line (NPL) is the national shipping line of the Republic of Nauru, founded in 1969. Its fleet consists of five owned and two leased ships, which travel throughout all of Oceania. It is loss-making and gets subventions from the state. It is a member of the Pacific Forum Line, a joint venture between several national shipping lines established in 1977 after a dispute between the NPL and the Maritime Union of New Zealand.
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The Temple of Dormition. A rather shy church today, it served as Katholikon for a monastery before the latter's collapse by a wildfire in 1944. The EEC subventions in the 80's provided some financial support for the few remaining inhabitants to keep on living in the village. At the same period, the connection with the rural road and electricity network encouraged some emigrant families to build houses in their fatherland for use in the summer months.
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Financially, university presses have come under growing pressure. Only a few presses, such as Oxford, Harvard, Princeton, and Yale have endowments; the others depend upon sales, fundraising, and subventions (subsidies) from their sponsoring institutions. Subsidies vary but typically range from $150,000 to $500,000.Scott Sherman, 2014 p 20 Because the subsidies are often not indexed to inflation, university press operating budgets can face a functional squeeze as inflation chips away at the value of the subsidy.
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A kind of sequel to it were the Wanderungen durch den Markt des Lebens (1833). Among his other poetical efforts, the Elegien und vermischte Gedichte (1803) met with the greatest success. After his death, the Tiedge Foundation was established in Dresden for the purpose of caring for the poet's grave and of granting subventions to poets and artists or their widows and children. Administered by the Saxon Ministry of Public Instruction, its funds amounted to more than 662,000 marks in 1901.
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Lucky Mike Torey is a retired army officer who was appointed Military Administrator of Ondo State, Nigeria from December 1993 to September 1994, and then of Enugu State until August 1996 during the military regime of general Sani Abacha. He died on 16 November 2013, after a brief illness. Colonel Lucky Mike Torey established the Enugu State Environmental Protection Agency in 1995. In 1996, Torey stopped state government subventions to some of the Enugu State parastatals, including the Enugu State water corporation.
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Although for that matter there were benefits reaped out of it. Generous outfitting subventions, restoration and security upgrades gave a momentum to further city development. Again, the castle's importance to the state was conformed by the Polish king and Litvonia prince' decree bestowing the town and vicinities to his spouse, Bona Sforza, thanks to whom Castle Hill received its another name, Bona. By the same streak fortress got new impulse for its development attributed to boundaries expansion of land and property.
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However, since it was not an airline with regular schedule, it could not receive subventions from the government. In order to avoid this restriction, on January 5, 1955 he created Sadia S/A – Transportes Aéreos. The first regular flight was operated on March 16, 1956. TransBrasil BAC 1-11 series 500 at São Paulo Congonhas Airport in 1975 Sadia enlarged Concórdia Airport so that a Douglas DC-3 could operate with full load and created the first route from Concórdia to Videira, Florianópolis, São Paulo-Congonhas.
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By its actions financed partly with public subventions and unbilled to the helped countries, the BEPTOM competited with the Société française d'études de télécommunications and France Câbles et Radio, even if the latter controlled the international communication market of around fifteen countries without financing and maintaining the interior network. Progressively, to respect competitors, the BEPTOM limited itself to urgency interventions and to help privatized France Télécom take step in these markets. After the BEPTOM disappeared, French associations, such as CSDPTT, continued the cooperative actions in Africa.
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P. 49 The issue of financing has earned NCWS criticism from some groups. For a long time, federal and state government gave subventions to NCWS which allowed the organization to build a national headquarters in Abuja and also own a commercial building in Victoria Island, Lagos. This financing relationship have sometimes made NCWS less critical of some actions of the government such as the annulment of the democratic process in 1993 a few years after mobilizing women to come out and participate in the electoral process.
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They soon established a reputation as strike breakers." Lannon, p.158 Claudio was an opponent of the Sindicatos Libres of Pedro Gerard, a Dominican who was convinced that workers must receive adequate wages, as of right, not merely subsistence wages. His Free Syndicates opposed the general strike of 1917 along with their confessional counterparts but the extreme conservatism of Claudio still found Gerard uncongenial and, : "one whose ideas if put into practice would cost capitalists like the Marquess of Comillas much more in higher wages than they paid into syndicate subventions and mass pilgrimages.
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Bénard was assisted in this work by an ENS student, Pierre- Michel Duffieux, who later (during World War II) founded the field of Fourier optics. Bénard's own war work on optics involved various systems of lenses, with applications to wide-angle photography; the use of polarized light for the improvement of the visibility of distant objects; and the conditions of the visibility of submarine wakes.H. Bénard, 1921. Le Bulletin Officiel de la Direction des Recherches Scientiques et Industrielles et des Subventions pour Recherches et Inventions, no. 4, pp. 229–248, and no.
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The School was originally accommodated in an old building situated at the corner of Silver Street and London Street known as 'The Talbot' in one of the oldest parts of Reading. The house, once an old inn, was in a dilapidated condition. Owing to litigation in connection with Aldworth's will, it was not until 1660, the year of Charles II's restoration, that the first boys entered the School to be taught. Despite many difficulties at the outset, the School flourished and even received generous subventions from local benefactors such as William Malthus and John West.
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In 1969, founded by Friedrich Wilhelm Schnitzler, MVH entered into an alliance with the interregional dairy Interessengemeinschaft Milch (Intermilch), Stuttgart-based Württ. Milchverwertung Südmilch AG (WMV) and Dauermilchwerk Hohenlohe-Franken GmbH from Künzelsau, to form the largest milk-processing company in Germany. In 1972 MVH merged with WMV to become Südmilch AG. The company went into receivership in 1993 following a scandal over government subventions and company investments in former East Germany. This resulted in the chairman going into hiding in South America and a takeover by the Dutch dairy cooperative Campina Melkunie.
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The first staff members arrived in Freetown in July 2002. On 10 March 2004 the new courthouse building of the Special Court for Sierra Leone was officially opened, before an audience of national and international dignitaries."Special Court of Sierra Leone unveils new building that will be home to trials" , UN News Centre, 10 March 2004 As of April 2012, over 40 states had contributed funds for the court's work, with the most notable African contributor being Nigeria. In 2004, 2011 and 2012, the SCSL received funding from subventions from the United Nations.
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The rich and varied content of the publication was complemented by expensive details such as fine magazine paper and photographs and illustrations (made possible by continued government subventions). In 1928, Jorge Cuesta would also publish, under the aegis of the Contemporáneos press, a poetic anthology titled Antología de la poesía mexicana moderna, which would give rise to heated polemics because of what were perceived, in certain literary and intellectual quarters, as glaring editorial omissions. Needless to say, much of the anthology's pages were taken up by the poetic output of Contemporáneos.
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While many organizations (and particularly religiously affiliated women's organizations) welcomed this change, some religious organizations such as the orthodox Hindu organization Sanatan Dharma Maha Saba stated that they would oppose the law on the grounds that it infringes on religious freedom. The government of Trinidad and Tobago hosts the Inter-Religious Organization, an interfaith coordinating committee with representatives from 25 religious groups, including Christian, Muslim, Hindu, Orisha and Baháʼí groups. Chaplains from the various religious denominations present in Trinidad Tobago are able to provide religious services to inmates in prisons. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago provides substantial subventions to religious groups.
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Originally, there was a wagon train that passed through Neustift to Salmannsdorf, with varying destinations in the city over the years. For financial reasons, the operation of this transport link also changed hands several times, even though it was the only such connection to receive subventions from the City of Vienna. In 1908, the Wiener Linien introduced a trolleybus operating the Mercédès- Électrique-Stoll system from Pötzleinsdorf via Neustift am Walde to Salmannsdorf. This was one of the longest-serving routes using this system and it was only replaced in 1938 by an omnibus with the route number 23.
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The Palm Island proposal was eventually withdrawn by the resort company, and in the end, neither proposal was accepted by government. In the meantime, additions were being suggested to the 'management plan' for the park, but still little was happening on the ground. Subventions provided by government paid the salaries of some park staff, but were usually insufficient to keep the boats running and maintain a regular presence in the park. The June 2, 2003 plan by Palm Island Resort Limited (PIRL) for the management of the Tobago Cays clearly offended the public, including those in the southern Grenadines.
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Under the Sports Subvention Scheme, the LCSD provides recurrent subvention to 58 national sports associations (NSAs) in Hong Kong, at levels ranging from around HK$0.5 million to HK$10 million (in 2011-12). Until 2004–2005, NSAs received subventions from the statutory Hong Kong Sports Development Board.Legislative Council Panel on Home Affairs LC Paper No. CB(2)772/11-12(04) NSAs are members of the Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China, which is the National Olympic Committee in Hong Kong responsible for the co-ordination of all local sports organizations and promotion of sports in Hong Kong.
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While a number of attempts at setting up small industrial units on the island have been made, the economy of the island is largely dependent on tourism. Subventions from Achill people working abroad, in particular in the United Kingdom, the United States and Africa allowed many families to remain living in Achill throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Since the advent of Ireland's "Celtic Tiger" economy fewer Achill people were forced to look for work abroad. Agriculture plays a small role and the fact that the island is mostly bog means that its potential for agriculture is limited largely to sheep farming.
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Grants may also be issued by private non- profit organizations such as foundations, not-for-profit corporations or charitable trusts which are all collectively referred to as charities. Outside the United States grants, subventions or subsidies are used to in similar fashion by government or private charities to subsidize programs and projects that fit within the funding criteria of the grant-giving entity or donor. Grants can be unrestricted, to be used by the recipient in any fashion within the perimeter of the recipient organization's activities or they may be restricted to a specific purpose by the benefactor.
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Traditionally, cattle breeding is the commonest branch of agriculture in this region, especially the production of milk and meat fattening. Regular purchase and paying of the milk as well as governmental subventions to larger production have the positive effects on intensifying of animal husbandry. The average milk production per head is 1814 liters during lactation period, which is little given to the genetic potential of the cows. By education and introduction of new technologies, the annual milk production per head must be increased to at least 2500 liters (the average production in European Community is 3500-4000 l).
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Originally, there was a wagon train that passed through Neustift to Salmannsdorf, with varying destinations in the city over the years. For financial reasons, the operation of this transport link also changed hands several times, even though it was the only such connection to receive subventions from the City of Vienna. In 1908, the Wiener Linien introduced a trolleybus operating the Mercédès-Électrique-Stoll system from Pötzleinsdorf via Neustift am Walde to Salmannsdorf. This was one of the longest-serving routes using this system and it was only replaced in 1938 by an omnibus with the route number 23.
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It has since benefited from legal municipal protection and two national laws (passed in 1982 and 1983) protecting sites of historical and national interest. The Office of the Cultural Site of Ambohimanga (OSCAR), created by the Ministry of Culture, has managed the site and its entrance fees and state subventions since 2006, when a five-year management plan was developed for implementation by the group's 30 employees. These management and conservation activities are conducted in cooperation with the local population within the Rural Commune of Ambohimanga Rova. The Village Committee, comprising representatives of all the adjacent quarters and the local community, are also involved in the protection of the site.
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The TCMP is governed by a Marine Parks Board, which contains ten members, including a chairperson and vice- chairperson. The ten members are two NGO representative, on nominee of the SVG National Trust, one nominee of the Hotel and Tourism Association, one nominee of the Minister of Tourism, one nominee of the Minister for Parks, the Chief Fisheries Officer, the Director of Finance (or nominee), the Solicitor General (or nominee) and the Commander of the Coast Guard (or nominee). There are 13 staff working at the Marine Park Authority in Union Island. The authority is self-financed (from fees), it does not rely on government subventions.
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The publishing house survived the December 1989 Revolution which toppled communism. Around the year 2000, it was managed by poet Daniela Crăsnaru. It was at the time openly engaged in the process of recovering anti-communist literature, publishing a diary of Gulag imprisonment, by the Bessarabian author Naum V. Lospa. Iulia Argint, "Lecturi la zi" , in România Literară, Nr. 33/2003 The company faced competition from newly founded independent publishers of children's books, and remained the only publisher in this class to receive subventions from the Ministry of Culture.United Nations, Committee on the Rights of the Child, Consideration of the Reports Submitted by States Parties under Article 44 of the Convention.
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Throughout its existence, the IUJF was involved with the Jewish community. It was represented on the Board of Deputies and the Zionist Federation and had an ongoing liaison with Jewish Youth Study Groups. For the almost fifty years from its foundation until the creation of the Hillel Foundation, the IUJF had no office, no staff, no sabbatical officers and no assured budget other than money that students could raise themselves. The Federation was run from the rooms of the then Chairman or Secretary; all activities were organized by the students themselves on a voluntary basis; from time to time, small subventions were obtained from the general community.
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The TNM Super League is TNM's major sponsorship property and it is Malawi's elite football league competed for by 16 teams from across Malawi. TNM ventured into football sponsorship in 2007 and its current agreement runs up to 2020. This sponsorship agreement includes the sponsorship of football equipment, awards to teams and individual players, awards to media personalities who promote the league, cash subventions to the teams in the league and administration fees to Super League of Malawi (SULOM) who are the league managers. The league runs from April to December and relegates three bottom teams who are replaced by those that emerge champions in the country's three regional leagues.
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Apart from the Federation, Wong had also involved deeply in a large number of social organisations including a number of local Christian churches. Since 1981, she had also been appointed as a member of the Executive Committee of the Hong Kong Council of Social Service and stepped down in 2005 after more than twenty years of service. From 1984 to 1988, she was appointed to the Subventions and Lotteries Fund Advisory Committee as a member by the government as well. In 1982, she was awarded Commonwealth Scholarship, studying social policy and planning in the London School of Economics of the United Kingdom, and obtained her master degree in science in 1983.
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In order to operate the route NAB invested in upgrading the airport facilities of Bom Jesus da Lapa and Petrolina. Later NAB tried also to fly between Rio de Janeiro and Recife via the coast but it had no success due to the fierce competition with Serviços Aéreos Condor (later Cruzeiro do Sul) and Panair do Brasil. Because of financial difficulties, the Brazilian government granted three successive subventions, which were used to enlarge the fleet and extend the network. The end of World War II brought a boom in the creation of new airlines in Brazil and due to fierce competition, in order to survive, NAB was granted further two loans.
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The lot for the construction of the Club was donated by the Administration of the City of Belgrade , as a gift to former veterans. The Veterans' Club was built thanks to the donations of the members of the National Defence and the subventions given by the patron king Aleksandar the Unifier . Apart from the military purpose, many cultural associations which cherished patriotism and good relations between the army and the people, that is, the civilians. The most active associations were The Association of the reserve officers and veterans, The Association of the volunteers, Sokolska matica, Adriatic guard, the League of the friends of France etc.
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Antiochus III resettled 2000 Jewish families from Babylonia into the Hellenistic Anatolian regions of Lydia and Phrygia. He is not the king of the Hanukkah story who was resisted by the Maccabees; rather, that was his son, Antiochus IV. On the contrary, Josephus portrays him as friendly towards the Jews of Jerusalem and cognizant of their loyalty to him (see Antiquities, chapter 3, sections 3–4), in stark contrast to the attitude of his son. In fact, Antiochus III lowered taxes, granted subventions to the Temple, and let the Jews live, as Josephus puts it, "according to the law of their forefathers."E. Bickerman, "La Charte séleucide de Jérusalem," REJ 100 (1935): 4–35.
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Not uncommon were the conflicts between the Patronage and certain teachers and students, which largely diminished the reputation of the school After The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 there ensued the period of great changes in the school's work. Conditioning the state subventions the then Hungarian authorities made an attempt to implement the assimilation policy with respect to the school. In the school year of 1870/71 the Hungarian Assembly approved the funds of 8000 forint to help the school, provided that the Ministry of Education had the right to choose the curriculum and the teachers. The Patronage refused this subsidy claiming that it was in contradiction with the School Foundation Act.
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Görgey in 1867 After the Austro-Hungarian compromise from 1867, it was well known that an amnesty will be promulgated for the Hungarian soldiers and politicians, and this meant a chance for Görgei to finally return home. Although he wanted very much to return home, Görgei was pessimistic about this. His brother, István proposed to ask Ferenc Deák to help Görgei to obtain the permission to return home, but his brother said that he consider that the constitutionalism will be considered as restored in Hungary only after the coronation of Franz Joseph as king of Hungary, so he believes that after this event he will be granted to return to his country. He also pointed that for the time being his only income is the subventions which he receives from the Austrian government, which will stop after he will go back to Hungary.
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Yanukovych has been widely criticized for "massive" corruption and cronyism. By January 2013, more than half of the ministers appointed by Yanukovych were either born in the Donbas region or made some crucial part of their careers there, and Yanukovych has been accused of "regional cronyism" for his staffing of police, judiciary, and tax services "all over Ukraine" with "Donbas people". Over 46% of the budget subventions for social and economic development was allotted to the Donbas region's Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast administrations – 0.62 billion UAH ($76.2 million) versus 0.71 billion UAH ($87.5 million) for the rest of the country. Anders Åslund, a Swedish economist and Ukraine analyst, described the consolidation of Ukrainian economic power in the hands of a few "elite industrial tycoons", one of the richest and most influential of whom has become President Yanukovych's own son Oleksandr Yanukovych.
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The CCDC grew out of the activities of the crystallography group led by Olga Kennard OBE FRS in the Department of Organic, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry of the University of Cambridge. From 1965, the group began to collect published bibliographic, chemical and crystal structure data for all small molecules studied by X-ray or neutron diffraction. With the rapid developments in computing taking place at this time, this collection was encoded in electronic form and became known as the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). The CSD was one of the first numerical scientific databases to begin operations anywhere in the world, and received academic grants from the UK Office for Scientific and Technical Information and then from the UK Science and Engineering Research Council. These funds, together with subventions from National Affiliated Centres, enabled the development of the CSD and its associated software during the 1970s and 1980s.
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11, No. 2, p173-191 (2005) The concept of the cartel party was first proposed in 1992 as a means of drawing attention to the patterns of inter-party collusion or cooperation rather than competition; and as a way of emphasising the influence of the state on party development. In definitional terms, the cartel party is a type of party that emerges in advanced democratic polities and that is characterised by the interpenetration of party and state and by a pattern of inter-party collusion. With the development of the cartel party, the goals of politics become self- referential, professional and technocratic, and what little inter-party competition remains becomes focused on the efficient and effective management of the polity. The election campaigns that are conducted by cartel parties are capital-intensive, professionalized and centralized, and are organized on the basis of a strong reliance on the state for financial subventions and for other benefits and privileges.
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Foxwell was a dedicated book-collector and bibliophile. He concentrated on the purchase of economic books printed before 1848. He described his library as a collection of books and tracts intended to serve as the basis for the study of the industrial, commercial, monetary and financial history of the United Kingdom as well as of the gradual development of economic science generally. Foxwell's library provides the nucleus of the Goldsmiths' Library of Economic Literature. When The Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths purchased the library of economic literature from Foxwell in 1901 for £10,000 it contained about 30,000 books. The Company also generously provided Foxwell with a series of subventions following the purchase of the Library to enable him to make further acquisitions prior to the gift of the Goldsmiths' Library of Economic Literature to the University of London in 1903. From the sale in 1901, Foxwell kept back duplicates that formed a second collection which he sold to Harvard University for £4,000 in 1929. From the termination of dealings with the Goldsmiths' Company in 1903, he began creating a second major collection.
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The sheep farming products are meat, milk, wool, and other raw material. The attainable supporting measures in animal husbandry: influence on the change of agrarian policy in Bosnia-Herzegovina with the aim of assurance of products placement, for crediting farmers for purchasing reproductive cattle, lactose freezers, milking devices, mechanization etc. The aforementioned measures should also be targeted towards encouraging fodder production, giving bonuses for milk production, stimulating the farmers by awarding the largest production, giving subventions for artificial fertilization, organizing advisory service work (through seminars, brochures, informing farmers on new animal husbandry technologies etc.), stimulating export, breeding the sheep sorts suitable for this region, with the reproduction rate of three lambs per two years and high milk and meet production. By developing and organizing cattle breeding the conditions should be created for building milk processing facilities for both cow and sheep milk, cheese, butter and other milk products, facilities for wool and leather processing, which could be a good precondition for development of craftsmanship and handicraft, e.g. carpet-making.
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An increase was made in tax-free allowances for children, which enabled 1,000,000 families to claim an allowance for the second child, compared to 300,000 families previously. The Second Modification and Supplementation Law (1970) increased the allowance for the third child from DM 50 to DM 60, raised the income-limit for the second child allowance from DM 7,800 to DM 13,200; subsequently increased to DM 15,000 by the third modification law (December 1971), DM 16,800 by the fourth modification law (November 1973), and to DM 18,360 by the fifth modification law (December 1973). A flexible retirement age after 62 years was introduced (1972) for invalids and handicapped persons, and social assistance was extended to those who previously had to be helped by their relatives. From 1971, special subventions were provided to enable young farmers to quit farming "and facilitate their entry into the non-agricultural pension system by means of back payments". The Third Modification Law (1974) extended individual entitlements to social assistance by means of higher- income limits compatible with receipt of benefits and lowered age limits for certain special benefits.
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In its first six months the National Refugee Service received $2.6 million from the UJA (in comparison, approximately $3 million had been raised for refugee needs in the United States in the previous five years combined). Over the seven years of its existence the National Refugee Service spent a total of over $15 million, most of it raised by the UJA.p. 365 In meeting the diversity of needs among refugees the National Refugee Service integrated within its structure special committees to assist refugees of different professional backgrounds, including the National Committee for Refugee Musicians; the National Committee for the Resettlement of Foreign Physicians; and the National Committee on Refugee Jewish Ministers (also known as the Rabbis Committee). The National Refugee Service also gave subventions to other organizations serving particular needs. It worked very closely with some of these organizations, including the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars; the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Medical Scientists; the Committee for Displaced Foreign Social Workers; the New York and Brooklyn sections of the National Council of Jewish Women; and German Jewish Children’s Aid (later known as European Jewish Children’s Aid).p.
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