Word of the Day adjective: pleasing to the sense of taste adjective: having an agreeably pungent taste adjective: morally wholesome or acceptable noun: an aromatic or spicy dish served at the end of dinner or as an hors d'oeuvre noun: any of several aromatic herbs or subshrubs of the genus Satureja having spikes of flowers attractive to bees noun: either of two aromatic herbs of the mint family noun: dwarf aromatic shrub of Mediterranean regions _________ The word savory has appeared in 247 New York Times articles in the past year, including on Feb.
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Small shrubs, less than 2 m (6.6 ft) tall are sometimes termed subshrubs.
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The heterogeneous group varies considerably in habit, from mat-like subshrubs to canopy trees in forest.
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Subshrubs may be largely herbaceous, with overwintering perennial woody growth much lower-growing than deciduous summer growth. Some plants described as subshrubs are only weakly woody and some persist for only for a few years; others however, such as Oldenburgia paradoxa live indefinitely, rooted in rocky cracks. Small, low shrubs such as lavender, periwinkle, and thyme, and many members of the family Ericaceae, such as cranberries and small species of Erica, are often classed as subshrubs.
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Subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely, small trees. - Leaves opposite, distichous. Stipules interpetiolar, usually persistent. - Inflorescences axillary, usually sessile.
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Centradenia is a genus of 4-5 species of tropical evergreen perennials or subshrubs, native to Central America and Mexico.
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Microlicia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Melastomataceae, native to northern South America, particularly Brazil. They tend to be subshrubs.
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A few are subshrubs or lianas. Hillia rivalis is a rheophyte. The tissues of all the species contain raphides. The capsules have a beak-like appendage.
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Small, low shrubs, generally less than 2 m (6.6 ft) tall, such as lavender, periwinkle and most small garden varieties of rose, are often termed subshrubs.
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Quaternella is a genus of flowering plants in the amaranth family Amaranthaceae, endemic to Brazil. They are shrubs or subshrubs found mostly in the cerrado biome.
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Pharnaceum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Molluginaceae, found in southern Africa. Some are annual or perennial herbs, others are shrubs or subshrubs.
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Wilsonia is a genus of perennial subshrubs in the family Convolvulaceae. The genus is endemic to Australia, occurring in coastal saltmarshes and occasionally in inland saline areas.
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Bastardiastrum is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family Malvaceae and is native to Mexico. They are shrubs or subshrubs with viscid (and usually malodorous) stems.
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Notopleura is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae, native to Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America. They tend to be subshrubs, herbs and epiphytes.
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The species of genus Bassia are annuals or perennial subshrubs. Their leaves are variable. The flowers are normally inconspicuous, in spike-like inflorescences without bracteoles. The fruits are achenes.
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Drabastrum is a monotypic genus of herbs or subshrubs in the family Brassicaceae. The sole species is Drabastrum alpestre (Mountain Cress) which is native to New South Wales and Victoria in Australia.
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Acmanthera is a genus in the Malpighiaceae, a family of about 75 genera of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. Acmanthera comprises 7 species of trees, shrubs, or subshrubs native to Brazil.
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Taxon 59(1):125-133. Many of the species are found in coastal habitats. The species of Volkameria are mostly shrubs, sometimes subshrubs or lianas, rarely small trees. The stems have swollen nodes.
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They are shrubs, subshrubs, or perennial herbs. Leaves usually alternate, bracts are brightly colored (red, purple, or yellow), and the sepals are bright red or purple.Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil .
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Chromosomes x=7-19. Subgenus Paucisignata: Corresponds to clade C2, with 25-27 species. Erect sometimes trailing shrubs or subshrubs, rarely geophytes or semi- geophytes. Petals five and equal, colour pink to red sometimes white.
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These are annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs. While some of the better-known species are aquatic plants, most are terrestrial. They take many forms, from prostrate to erect to floating. The leaves are oppositely arranged.
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Sympegma are a genus of flowering plants in the amaranth family Amaranthaceae, native to temperate Asia. Woody subshrubs, they are often the dominant species in the high (1,800 to 2,200m) alkaline deserts in which they live.
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Lasianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are tropical subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely, small trees. They inhabit the understory of primary forests. None of them are known to have any use.
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The genus Sauropus, of the family Phyllanthaceae, comprises about 40 species of herbs, shrubs or subshrubs, sometimes with woody bases. These plants can be monoecious or dioecious. They are distributed in Southeast Asia, Malesia and Australia.
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Vigna are herbs or occasionally subshrubs. The leaves are pinnate, divided into 3 leaflets. The inflorescence is a raceme of yellow, blue, or purple pea flowers. The fruit is a legume pod of varying shape containing seeds.Vigna.
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Peixotoa is a genus in the Malpighiaceae, a family of about 75 genera of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. Peixotoa comprises 29 species of vines, shrubs, and subshrubs native to Brazil and adjacent Paraguay and Bolivia.
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Selkirkia species are perennial, either a shrub (S. berteroi) or decumbent, ascending or erect herbs to subshrubs. The leaves are ovate to lanceolate, and mostly occurring along the stem, not in rosettes. The corolla is white (S.
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Sanchez, J. L., et al. (2005). Genetic differentiation of three species of Matthiola (Brassicaceae) in the Sicilian insular system. Plant Systematics and Evolution 253(1-4) 81-93. of annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants and subshrubs.
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Syzygium caryophyllatum Syzygium samarangense Syzygium zeylanicum Syzygium is a large, broadly distributed genus of flowering trees, shrubs, and subshrubs in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. , there are over 1,100 accepted species in Kew's Plants of the World Online.
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The species of Sarcocornia are perennial herbs, subshrubs or shrubs. They are taking an erect or prostrate, creeping form. The new stems are fleshy and divided into joint-like segments. Older stems are woody and not segmented.
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The Chenopodioideae are annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, shrub or small trees. The leaves are usually alternate and flat. The flowers are often unisexual. Many species are monoecious or have mixed inflorescences of bisexual and unisexual flowers.
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The species of Salsola are mostly subshrubs, shrubs, small trees, and rarely annuals. The leaves are mostly alternate, rarely opposite, simple, and entire. The bisexual flowers have five tepals and five stamens. The pistil ends in two stigmata.
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Members of Flemingia are shrubs, or herbs (or subshrubs); evergreen, or deciduous and perennial. They are generally about 0.2–1.5 m high. The stem is prostrate but weak. Leaves are small to medium-sized; not fasciculate, but alternate.
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Glossoloma is a genus of Neotropical plants in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. The species in the genus were formerly placed in Alloplectus. They are subshrubs with the leaves clustered at the ends of branches, and tubular flowers.
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They are known commonly as bristleheads.Carphochaete. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). These are branching shrubs and subshrubs usually growing 20 to 45 centimeters tall, but known to well exceed one meter at times. The leaves have glandular pits.
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These are annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs, sometimes with rhizomes. The stem is usually branching and erect to a maximum height around 80 centimeters (31.5 inches). The leaves are alternately arranged. Some taxa have only basal leaves.
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Species of Fallopia grow as vines, lianas, shrubs or subshrubs. Unlike species of the related genus Duma, they do not have thorn- like tips to their branches. Nectaries are present outside the flowers (extrafloral). Plants usually have bisexual flowers.
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Subgenus Magnipetala: Corresponds to clade C1, with 24 species. Perennial to short lived, spreading subshrubs, rarely herbaceous annuals. Petals five, but may be four, colour mainly white. Mainly winter rainfall region of South Africa, spreading into summer rainfall region.
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Reaumuria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Tamaricaceae, found in North Africa, Sicily, Anatolia, the Middle East, the Caucasus, Pakistan, Central Asia, Mongolia, Tibet, and northern China. They tend to be perennial xerophytic and halophytic shrubs or subshrubs.
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Neillia is a genus of the botanical family Rosaceae. They are deciduous shrubs or subshrubs. They produce clusters of terminal or axillary flowers, and have dry dehiscent fruits.Neillia Flora of North America They are found exclusively in eastern and central Asia.
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Limoniastrum is a genus of plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, containing two known species of subshrubs found the Mediterranean region, within Africa and southern Europe. It was published by Fabricius in 1759 in 'Enum. Meth. Pl. Hort. Helmstad' Vol.25.
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These are herbs, subshrubs, shrubs and some trees. Stems and leaves are often succulent. The ovary contains a spiral embryo. In most genera, scarious wings develop at the outside of the fruiting perianth, allowing for dispersal by the wind (anemochory).
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Four new species of Chionolaena (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) from south-eastern Brazil. Kew Bulletin 66(2), 263-72. Plants in this genus are small, woody shrubs and subshrubs. They have leaves with rolled edges, phyllaries with white to opaque tips, and staminate central florets.
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Actephila consists of monoecious trees, shrubs, and subshrubs. The genus is not well understood and is in much need of revision. It is native to Southeast Asia, China, the Himalayas, Papuasia and northern Australia.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesFlora of China Vol.
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Stemona is a genus of vines and subshrubs in the family Stemonaceae, described as a genus in 1790.Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora cochinchinensis : sistens plantas in regno Cochinchina nascentes. Quibus accedunt aliae observatae in Sinensi imperio, Africa Orientali, Indiaeque locis variis.
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Plantago is a genus of about 200 species of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae, commonly called plantains or fleaworts. The common name plantain is shared with the unrelated cooking plantain. Most are herbaceous plants, though a few are subshrubs growing to tall.
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The name tansy can refer specifically to Tanacetum vulgare, which may be called the common tansy or garden tansy for clarity. Other familiar species include costmary (T. balsamita) and feverfew (T. parthenium). Tansies are mainly perennial herbs, but some are annuals and subshrubs.
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Amphistemon are erect perennial herbs or subshrubs with the unique feature in the Hedyotis- Oldenlandia group of having stamens inserted at two distinct levels in the corolla tube, the lower stamens with filaments and anthers shorter than those of the upper stamens.
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The species of Grayia are shrubs or subshrubs reaching 15–150 cm. The stems grow erect or ascending and are much branched and woody. Young stems are densely hairy, later glabrescent, lateral branches sometimes becoming spiny. Young branches are ribbed or striate.
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Crantzia is a plant genus in the family Gesneriaceae. Crantzia species grow in damp or wet forests, mostly on Caribbean islands. Some are epiphytes, others are subshrubs or herbaceous plants with fibrous roots. Several taxa from the Gesneriaceae genus Alloplectus have been reclassified as Crantzia.
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Wissadula is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae. It contains 25 to 30 species of herbs and subshrubs that are mostly native to the Neotropics, with several in tropical Asia and Africa. The name is derived from the Sinhala language.
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Ziziphora are a genus of annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs in the family Lamiaceae. Ziziphora has aromatic leaves; they are found in open and often xeric habitats in Southern and Eastern Europe, North-West Africa and Asia to the Himalayas and Altai mountains.
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Other subshrubs and herbaceous plants are prickly thrift (Acantholimon), sainfoin (Onobrychis), sheep's sorrel (Rumex acetosella), Thymus, Alyssum, sheep's fescue (Festuca ovina), Salvia, Ranunculus, Silene, rabbitfoot clover (Trifolium arvense), Pimpinella, Artemisia, squarrose (Centaurea triumfettii). Reedy areas are present In the northwestern part of Lake Nemrıt.
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Besleria is a genus of ca. 200 species of large herbs and soft-stemmed subshrubs or shrubs in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. They occur in Central America, South America, and the West Indies. The closely related genus Gasteranthus was previously included in Besleria.
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Gochnatia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae.Tropicos, Gochnatia Kunth It is named for botanist Frédéric Karl Gochnat. The genus contains mainly shrubs and subshrubs, with a few trees and herbs. All of the species are native to the American tropics.
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The taxa of the genus are herbaceous annuals or perennials, and also subshrubs, shrubs or small trees if Hebe is included. Most of the species are from the temperate Northern Hemisphere, though with some species from the Southern Hemisphere; Hebe is mostly from New Zealand.
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Colquhounia is a genus of about six species of evergreen or semi-evergreen shrubs or subshrubs in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1822. They are native to the Himalaya and southwestern China south to Peninsular Malaysia.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesColquhounia. Flora of China.
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Diacidia is a genus in the Malpighiaceae, a family of about 75 genera of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. Diacidia comprises 11 species of trees, shrubs, and subshrubs. Ten species (subg. Sipapoa) are found on the mountains of southern Venezuela and adjacent Brazil; one species (D.
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Hoffmannseggia is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae, known generally as rushpeas. These are pod-bearing herbs and subshrubs native to the Americas and southern Africa. The generic name honors Johann Centurius, Count of Hoffmannsegg, a nineteenth-century German nobleman and botanist.
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Jamesbrittenia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Scrophulariaceae, disjunctly distributed in southern Africa, Sudan and Egypt, and India and Bangladesh. Subshrubs with profuse flowering, they are amenable to containers, so a number of cultivars and hybrid cultivars have been developed for the garden trade.
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Flower diagram of Geranium pratense Geraniaceae are herbs or subshrubs. The Sarcocaulon are succulent, but other members of the family generally are not. Leaves are usually lobed or otherwise divided, sometimes peltate, opposite or alternate and usually have stipules. The flowers are generally regular, or symmetrical.
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Roldana also known as groundsel is a genus of large herbs or subshrubs from the tribe groundsel tribe within the sunflower family.La Llave, Pablo de & Lexarza, Juan José Martinez de. 1825. Novorum Vegetabilium Descriptiones 2: 10Turner, B. L. 2006. A recension of the Mexican species of Roldana (Asteraceae: Senecioneae).
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These plants are perennial herbs or subshrubs, often growing from rhizomes. The leaves are usually oppositely arranged and sometimes are borne on petioles. The inflorescences and flowers come in a variety of shapes. Like other species of the milkweed family, these plants bear follicles, which are podlike dry fruits.
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The Dryadoideae subfamily of the Rosaceae consists of four genera,. all of which contain representative species with root nodules that host the nitrogen- fixing bacterium Frankia.. They are subshrubs, shrubs, or small trees with a base chromosome number of 9, whose fruits are either an achene or an aggregate of achenes.
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The species of Kalidium grow as subshrubs or low shrubs. The stems are much branched and glabrous. Older stems are not jointed, younger stems may appear jointed or not. The alternate leaves are fleshy, glabrous, stem-clasping and decurrent, nearly orbicular to semiterete, their free blades 0.5–12 mm long.
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These plants are subshrubs, shrubs, or trees growing 0.5 meters to 15 meters tall. Many are very aromatic. The stems may be four-angled and smooth when new, becoming more angular or rounded and often furrowed or striated with age. The leaves are evergreen or deciduous in the dry season.
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The following description is adapted from the most recent monograph on Lamiaceae. Rotheca is a genus of shrubs, subshrubs, and perennial herbs, with a few becoming lianas or small trees. They emit an unpleasant odor when damaged. The leaves are opposite or whorled, and sessile or with a short petiole.
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Sphedamnocarpus is a plant genus in the Malpighiaceae, consisting of some 10 to 18 species. They are native to Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar, and may be subshrubs, shrubs or climbers. Their mostly yellow flowers have 5 sepals and 5 petals. The 3 to 4-locular ovaries develop into samaras.
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This annual, succulent plant can grow into small shrubs up to 0.7 m tall (sometimes called subshrubs). It has fleshy green leaves with either green or red stems. The tiny flowers develop from inflorescences that grow out of the base of the leaves near the stem. Jepson, Willis Linn (1993).
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Most are annual or perennial herbaceous plants from tall, but a few are subshrubs; some are aquatic. They have four-angled stems and opposite leaves. The flowers have upper and lower lips. The genus is most easily recognized by the typical shield on the calyx that has also prompted its common name.
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Salvia species include annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, along with woody subshrubs. The stems are typically angled like other members in Lamiaceae. The leaves are typically entire, but sometimes toothed or pinnately divided. The flowering stems bear small bracts, dissimilar to the basal leaves—in some species the bracts are ornamental and showy.
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Celmisia (New Zealand aster or New Zealand daisy) is a genus of perennial herbs or subshrubs, in the sunflower family.Cassini, Alexandre Henri Gabriel de. 1825. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles [Second edition 37: 259-260]in FrenchCassini, Alexandre Henri Gabriel de. 1817. Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique 1817: 32Tropicos, Celmisia Cass.
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Pterandra is a genus in the Malpighiaceae, a family of about 75 genera of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. Pterandra comprises 15 species of trees, shrubs, and subshrubs, all but two native to South America, principally Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil; the exceptions (P. mcphersonii, P. isthmica) are from Panama.Anderson, C. 1997.
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These are perennial herbs and subshrubs, sometimes with annual stems growing from a woody base or taproot. They are a few centimeters tall to well over a meter. The herbage is usually hairy and may be rough or soft in texture. The alternately arranged leaves have variously shaped blades that may be lobed or divided.
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Members of the subtribe are either subshrubs (Argyranthemum) or annual herbs (the remaining genera). The genus Heteranthemis has glandular hairs; the others either lack hairs or have non- glandular hairs. The flower heads (capitula) are solitary or arranged in loose corymbs. The ray florets are female, the long petal (ligule) usually being white or yellow.
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The species of genus Anabasis are annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs. Their stems are fleshy and articulated, mostly glabrous with the exception of hairy tufts at the nodes, rarely with papillae-like trichomes or woolly. The opposite leaves may be reduced to small scales or normally developed. The inflorescences are elongated or condensed spikes.
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Rubia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains around 80 species of perennial scrambling or climbing herbs and subshrubs native to the Old World. The genus and its best-known species are commonly known as madder, e.g. Rubia tinctorum (common madder), Rubia peregrina (wild madder), and Rubia cordifolia (Indian madder).
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Through manual intervention using chain saws and strimmers, attempts are being made to stop this reforestation. The vegetation consists mainly of common heather (Calluna vulgaris), mat-grass and subshrubs. Breeding birds on the heath include the meadow pipit and tree pipit. The black grouse used to breed here, but the population died out decades ago.
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The genus is composed of short (8–50 cm), xerophytic subshrubs or herbs, annual or perennial, that grow at high altitudes (usually over 1000 m) with little or no soil, often on the surface of rocks. It is pubescent, either villous or coated by a fine, woolly layer of microscopic intertwined hairs. Sideritis inflorescence is verticillaster.
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Phlomis armeniaca Phlomis tuberosa Phlomis is a genus of over 100 speciesPhlomis. Flora of China. of herbaceous plants, subshrubs and shrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China. The name Phlomis derives from a Greek word for "flame", and may refer to the leaves' use in ancient times as lamp wicks.
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Espeletia, commonly known as 'frailejones' ("big monks"), is a genus of perennial subshrubs, in the sunflower family.Tropicos, Espeletia Mutis ex Bonpl. The genus, which is native mainly to Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador, was first formally described in 1808.Mutis, José Celestino Bruno ex Bonpland, Aimé Jacques Alexandre in Humboldt, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von & Bonpland, Aimé Jacques Alexandre. 1808.
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"A phylogenetic classification of tribe Poranthereae (Phyllanthaceae)." Kew Bulletin 63(1):41-59. They are monoecious herbs or subshrubs, native to semideserts and desert margins of the Americas, southern Europe, North Africa, and South Asia.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Linnaeus took the name from Theophrastus, but it is not clear to which plant Theophrastus applied the name.
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Pericallis is a small genus of about 14 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to the Canary Islands and Madeira. The genus includes herbaceous plants and small subshrubs. In the past, the genus was often included in either Cineraria or Senecio. The florist's cineraria (Pericallis × hybrida) is a hybrid between P. cruenta and P. lanata.
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Lithodora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae, native to southwestern Europe, southern Greece, Turkey and Algeria. They are low- growing, evergreen shrubs and subshrubs, producing 5-lobed blue or white flowers. The Greek lithodora literally means "stone gift", referring to their preferred rocky habitats. The genus Glandora was split from Lithodora in 2008.
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Squirrel topiary, Rufford Old Hall, Rufford, Lancashire, England. Jacques Cartier Park, Gatineau, Canada. Topiary is the horticultural practice of training perennial plants by clipping the foliage and twigs of trees, shrubs and subshrubs to develop and maintain clearly defined shapes, whether geometric or fanciful. The term also refers to plants which have been shaped in this way.
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The species of Allenrolfea are subshrubs or shrubs with erect or decumbent growth. The stems are much branched, succulent, glabrous and appear to be articulated. The alternate leaves are sessile and stem-clasping, fleshy, glabrous, their blades reduced to small, broadly triangular scales, with entire margins and acute apex. The inflorescences are terminal spikes with spirally arranged flowers.
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Bassia laniflora (illustration), Camphorosmoideae Most species in the Amaranthaceae are annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs; others are shrubs; very few species are vines or trees. Some species are succulent. Many species have stems with thickened nodes. The wood of the perennial stem has a typical "anomalous" secondary growth; only in subfamily Polycnemoideae is secondary growth normal.
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Typical plants are evergreen perennial subshrubs that grow up to tall and have pale gray stems. The leaves are arranged oppositely on the stems and are lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate shaped ending in acuminate or acute tips. Like other members of the genus, the sap is milky. The flowers are in cymes with 10-20 flowers each.
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These plants can be found growing in pastures, roadsides, railroad margins, and in disturbed areas and waste ground. They grow to about tall, but are typically shorter, existing as subshrubs. They prefer full sun, but can tolerate both wet or dry conditions. They grow readily in sandy or loamy soils, and may also tolerate a wide range of soil types.
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The Grevilleoideae grow as trees, shrubs, or subshrubs. They are highly variable, making a simple, diagnostic identification key for the subfamily essentially impossible to provide. One common and fairly diagnostic characteristic is the occurrence of flowers in pairs that share a common bract. However, a few Grevilleoideae taxa do not have this property, having solitary flowers or inflorescences of unpaired flowers.
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The species of Krascheninnikovia are erect subshrubs or shrubs. The plants are densely covered with dendroid stellate hairs and additionally with simple, unbranched hairs. The alternate leaves stand solitary or grouped in fascicles, and can be petiolate or nearly sessile. The flat, non-fleshy leaf blades are linear to narrowly lanceolate to ovate, with entire margins, and truncate, cuneate, rounded, or subcordate base.
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This is a list of plants which includes trees and other herbs, vines, climbers, lianas, shrubs, subshrubs that are native or endemic, found in Cuba. This list should exclude plants grown, invasive species or introduced by humans (example: weeds). The endemic genera or species (exclusive of Cuba) will be marked in bold type. This list is sorted in alphabetical order by binomial names.
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They are biennial or perennial plants, rarely annuals or subshrubs, growing to tall. The plants first form a dense rosette of leaves at ground level, subsequently sending up a tall flowering stem. Biennial plants form the rosette the first year and the stem the following season. The leaves are spirally arranged, often densely hairy, though glabrous (hairless) in some species.
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The Salicornioideae are annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, or low shrubs. Their stems are glabrous and often apparently jointed. The alternate or opposite leaves are fleshy, glabrous, often basally connate and stem-clasping (thus forming the joints), with missing or short free leaf blades. The spike-shaped inflorescences consist of alternate or opposite bracts, these are often connate and stem-clasping, sometimes free.
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The evergreen subshrubs are generally cushion to mat-forming, with densely tufted shoots bearing mostly awl (long, pointed spike) to needle or grass-like, prickle to spine-tipped hard-textured leaves. They have shortish, simple or branched flower stems which can be loose or dense. The summer-borne flowers are composed of a funnel-shaped calyx, usually with a flared membranous margin, and five spreading petals.
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The genus includes annual or short-lived herbaceous perennial plants, and shrub-like perennials, subshrubs or small shrubs. Leaf shape is diverse across the genus. They are simple in some commonly cultivated species; in other species, they are pinnately toothed, or pinnate, sometimes multiple pinnate and dissected. In most species the leaves are covered in fine hairs or indumentum, which normally contain the essential oils.
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Trichostema Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607 is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, which are aromatic herbs or subshrubs. These plants are native to North America.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesBiota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps Many plant of this genus which have whorls of small blue flowers are called by the common name bluecurls.
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Ballota (horehound) is a genus of flowering evergreen perennial plants and subshrubs in the family Lamiaceae. native to temperate regions. The Mediterranean region has the highest diversity in the genus, with more isolated locations in South Africa, Central Asia, northern Europe, and the islands of the eastern North Atlantic.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesAltervista Flora Italiana, Genere Ballota It is found in rocky and waste ground.
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A mere 10 plant taxa have been recorded from San Benedicto, containing mainly herbs and grasses, with the occasional subshrubs and vines. It does not appear that any became extinct due to the 1952 eruption. The local plant life contains several Revillagigedo endemics shared with Clarión: Bulbostylis nesiotica, Cyperus duripes and Perityle socorrosensis. The taxonomic status of the local Euphorbia anthonyi is not fully resolved.
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Iberis ,Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607 commonly called candytuft, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It comprises annuals, evergreen perennials and subshrubs native to the Old World. The name "candytuft" is not related to candy, but derives from Candia, the former name of Iraklion on the Island of Crete. In the language of flowers, the candytuft symbolizes indifference.
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Iberis consists of about 30 species of annuals, perennials and evergreen subshrubs. Some of the better known are: Iberis amara - rocket candytuft, bitter candytuft, wild candytuft Iberis ciliata Iberis gibraltarica - Gibraltar candytuft Iberis linifolia Iberis procumbens - dune candytuft Iberis sempervirens - evergreen candytuft, perennial candytuft Iberis umbellata - globe candytuft They are used as ornamental plants for rock gardens, bedding, and borders in full sun or light shade.
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The species of Heterostachys grow as subshrubs or low shrubs. The stems are much branched, glabrous, and not jointed. The alternate leaves are fleshy, glabrous, scale-like, stem-clasping, with very short free blades (1–2 mm). The inflorescences are orbicular to cone-like, with alternate to nearly opposite scale-like bracts, and with one free flower sitting in the axil of each bract.
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The species of Betoideae are annuals, biennial or perennial herbs, vines (Hablitzia) or subshrubs. The flowers have 5 tepals (Aphanisma only 3) and 5 stamens (Aphanisma only one). The fruits of Betoideae are capsules that open with a circumscissile lid. In tribe Beteae, the perianth is basally indurated in fruit, and the stamens a basally inserted to a thickened bulge surrounding the visible part of the ovary.
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They grow naturally only up to tall subshrubs, with the leafy above ground growth that dies back each dry season to the underground woody rootstocks. In South Africa three species grow naturally. The scarcity of A. natalensis trees and their restricted range has received the global conservation status (IUCN) of "vulnerable D2". A. capensis has a global conservation status (IUCN) listing also, of "Lower Risk / conservation dependent" .
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Summer rainfall region of South Africa, spreading into winter rainfall region and northern Namibia, with a few species in tropical Africa, Ethiopia, Somalia, Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula and Asia Minor. Chromosomes x=mainly 9 or 10, but from 4-18. Subgenus Pelargonium: Corresponds to clade A, with 167 species. Frequently xerophytic deciduous perennials with many geophytes and succulent subshrubs, less frequently woody evergreen shrubs or annual herbs.
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The species of Halocnemum are subshrubs or low shrubs up to 1.5 m, much branched from base. Young stems are succulent, glabrous, apparently articulated, with characteristic globular to short-cylindrical lateral branches. The opposite leaves are fleshy, glabrous, sessile, joined at base and surrounding the stem, their blades reduced to small scales. The inflorescences are terminal or numerous opposite lateral, short-cylindrical or orbicular spikes.
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Rhodanthemum syn. Chrysanthemopsis, Pyrethropsis (Moroccan daisy), is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, mostly native to exposed rocky places in Northern Africa (Morocco and Algeria). Formerly included in either Chrysanthemum or Leucanthemum, the 10 or 15 species of Rhodanthemum display many similarities to their former congeners, with composite daisy-like flowers. They are mat-forming, prostrate perennials or subshrubs, and some are cultivated as ornamental plants.
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Both plants are subshrubs with exposed semi-woody branches and serrated leaves; the larger lower leaves are divided into palmately arranged leaflets. Plants bloom in May, June, or July; blooms are composed of five slender white petals which are loosely arranged and typically appear slightly twisted and limp as if they were wilted. The flowers mature into small capsules. These plants are often planted as ornamentals and used in herbal medicine.
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Plants in the genus Simsia consist of annuals, perennials and subshrubs, ranging from anywhere between in height with stems that are either fully erect or ascending. Of the Simsia calva species, the average height ranges from . The leaves are cauline in their arrangement and can be proximal or whorled. The petioles are winged and usually form what are considered "discs" when they occasionally fuse with one another at the base.
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The species are mostly herbaceous perennials, a few are annual or biennial, and some are low subshrubs with woody basal stems. The leaves are opposite, simple, mostly linear and often strongly glaucous grey green to blue green. The flowers have five petals, typically with a frilled or pinked margin, and are (in almost all species) pale to dark pink. One species, D. knappii, has yellow flowers with a purple centre.
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Fabiana is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family, native to dry slopes in western South America. They are evergreen shrubs or subshrubs, with needle-like leaves and profuse tiny tubular flowers in summer. The common name is false heath because the leaves superficially resemble those of the distantly related heaths. The species F. imbricata is cultivated as a common horticultural plant and a common herbarium specimen.
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Crocanthemum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cistaceae. They are native to both North and South America where they are widespread. Crocanthemum are herbaceous perennials or subshrubs with alternate leaves. With the exception of species in California, they generally produce two types of flowers: showy, yellow chasmogamous (cross-pollinated) produced earlier in the growing season, followed by cleistogamous (self-pollinated) flowers that are smaller and lack petals.
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Ceratostigma (;Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607), or leadwort, plumbago, is a genus of eight species of flowering plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Common names are shared with the genus Plumbago. They are flowering herbaceous plants, subshrubs, or small shrubs growing to tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, simple, 1–9 cm long, usually with a hairy margin.
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Gesneria is a genus of approximately 50 species in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. Except for two or three odd South American species, all are native to islands of the Caribbean. The genus is classified in the tribe Gesnerieae along with the genera Bellonia, Pheidonocarpa, and Rhytidophyllum. Gesneria species are usually woody shrubs or subshrubs, and (with the closely related Rhytidophyllum) are unusual in the family in having alternately (rather than decussately) arranged leaves.
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They are small shrubs and subshrubs, mostly with erect woody stems reaching 30–100 cm tall, but low-growing and prostrate in some species. The leaves are usually opposite, ericoid, often crowded, simple, entire, from 0.5-3.5 cm long. The flowers are produced in terminal clusters, 0.7–2 cm diameter, with five white, pink, red or purple, petals. Many of the species are highly aromatic, and the genus name means "good fragrance".
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Kohleria is a New World genus of the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. The plants are generally tropical herbs or subshrubs with velvety stems and foliage and brightly colored flowers with spots or markings in contrasting colors. They are rhizomatous and commonly include a period of dormancy in their growth cycle. The genus was recently revised by Kvist & Skog (1992) and was recognized as having 19 species distributed in Central America and South America.
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Blue is an unusual colour for Brassicaceae, being known in only one other genus, the unrelated Solms-laubachia from the Himalayas. Within the genus are mainly herbs and subshrubs, although shrubs and lianas appear as well. They may be annual or perennial and the majority of the fruits produced by species in this genus are dehiscent, not woody, and lack a carpophore. The plants are generally either glabrous or possess simple hairs.
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Frankenia (sea heath) is the only genus in the Frankeniaceae family of flowering plants. Other genera have been recognized within the family, such as Anthobryum, Hypericopsis and Niederleinia, but molecular phylogenetic studies have consistently shown that they all belong inside Frankenia. Frankenia comprises about 70–80 species of shrubs, subshrubs and herbaceous plants, adapted to saline and dry environments throughout temperate and subtropical regions. A few species are in cultivation as ornamental plants.
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Ruta angustifolia – MHNT Ruta (commonly known as rue) is a genus of strongly scented evergreen subshrubs, 20–60 cm tall, in the family Rutaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, Macaronesia and southwest Asia. There are perhaps 8 to 40 species in the genus. The most well-known species is Ruta graveolens (rue or common rue). The leaves are bipinnate or tripinnate, with a feathery appearance, and green to strongly glaucous blue-green in colour.
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Monochaetum is a neotropical genus of shrubs and subshrubs with about 54 species. It occurs in warm temperate to tropical montane habitats from Mexico and Central America to the South American Andes of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru with one species reaching the Guayana Highlands of Venezuela and Guyana. Monochaetum is characterized by its tetramerous flowers, prevailingly dimorphic stamens with dorsally appendiculate anthers, capsular fruits that are free from the hypanthium, and cochleate seeds.
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Pelargonium occurs in a large number of growth forms, including herbaceous annuals, shrubs, subshrubs, stem succulents and geophytes. The erect stems bear five-petaled flowers in umbel-like clusters, which are occasionally branched. Because not all flowers appear simultaneously, but open from the centre outwards, this is a form of inflorescence is referred to as pseudoumbels. The flower has a single symmetry plane (zygomorphic), which distinguishes it from the Geranium flower, which has radial symmetry (actinomorphic).
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Logging in the past has mostly occurred in the southern part ("Kessi"), a large proportion of Vätsäri's forests being old-growth forests. The barren soil makes for poor growth conditions and most of the ground vegetation in the forests is subshrubs. One area with limestone rock features green spleenwort. The reserve is located in an area between a western and eastern vegetation zones, giving rise to unique combinations of species, such as Siberian spruce and red cottongrass.
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Atriplex patula, female flower with bracteoles and seed The species in genus Atriplex are annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs. The plants are often covered with bladderlike hairs, that later collapse and form a silvery, scurfy or mealy surface, rarely with elongate trichomes. The alternate or rarely opposite leaves are petiolate or sessile, often persistent or tardily deciduous. The flat or slightly fleshy leaf blades are either entire, or serrate, or lobed and very variable in shape.
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Tomato vines, for example, live several years in their natural tropical/subtropical habitat but are grown as annuals in temperate regions because they don't survive the winter. There is also a class of evergreen, or non-herbaceous, perennials, including plants like Bergenia which retain a mantle of leaves throughout the year. An intermediate class of plants is known as subshrubs, which retain a vestigial woody structure in winter, e.g. Penstemon. The local climate may dictate whether plants are treated as shrubs or perennials.
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Inula helenium Inula oculus-christi Ploughman's-spikenard (Inula conyzae) Inula is a large genus of about 90 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe, Asia and Africa. They may be annuals, herbaceous perennials or subshrubs that vary greatly in size, from small species a few centimeters tall to enormous perennials over tall. They carry yellow daisy- like composite flowerheads often with narrow ray-florets. Some common characteristics include pappus with bristles, flat capitulum, and lack of chaff.
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The Crassulaceae, also known as the stonecrop family or the orpine family, are a diverse family of dicotyledon flowering plants characterized by succulent leaves and a unique form of photosynthesis, known as Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Flowers generally have five floral parts. Crassulaceae are usually herbaceous but there are some subshrubs, and relatively few treelike or aquatic plants. Crassulaceae are a medium size monophyletic family in the core eudicots, among the order Saxifragales, whose diversity has made infrafamilial classification very difficult.
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Dubautia linearis The silversword alliance, also known as the tarweeds, refers to an adaptive radiation of around 30 species in the composite or sunflower family, Asteraceae. The group is endemic to Hawaii, and is derived from a single immigrant to the islands. For radiating from a common ancestor at an estimated 5.2±0.8 Ma, the clade is extremely diverse, composed of trees, shrubs, subshrubs, mat-plants, cushion plants, rosette plants, and lianas.Carlquist, S., B. G. Baldwin, and G. D. Carr, eds. 2003.
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Cineraria is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family,Linnaeus, Carl von. 1763. Species Plantarum, Editio Secunda 1242–1245 in LatinTropicos, Cineraria L. native primarily to southern Africa with a few species farther north. The genus includes herbaceous plants and small subshrubs. In the past, the genus was commonly viewed in a broader sense including a number of species from the Canary Islands and Madeira which are now transferred to the genus Pericallis, including the florist's cineraria (Pericallis × hybrida).
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Camphorosma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae, found in northern Africa, southern and eastern Europe, Crimea, Russia, Anatolia, the Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Central Asia, the Altai, western Siberia, Xinjiang in China, and Mongolia. Annuals or subshrubs, they can be distinguished from closely related taxa such as Bassia by their flattened perianths which have four lobes, inflorescences with multicellular glandular hairs, a distinct C4 leaf anatomy type (called the Camphorosma type), and a chromosome count of 2n = 12.
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Most species are herbaceous, perennial, short-lived or annual plants, rarely subshrubs, shrubs or vines. All Cichorieae-species have latex canals in both the roots, stems and leaves, and this occurs to be a unique character among the Asteraceae, although latex as such occurs rather widespread in this family. The leaves are in a rosette or alternately set along the stem, but this is the dominant situation in the Asteraceae. The only exception in the Cichorieae are the opposite lower leaves of Shinnersoseris.
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Plants in the genus Prostanthera are usually shrubs or subshrubs, rarely trees, with leaves arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are arranged in panicles in leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets with bracts and bracteoles at the base. The sepals are joined at the base but with two lobes. The petals form a tube with two lips, the lower lip with three, usually spreading lobes and the upper lip with two lobes or a notch at the tip.
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Tecoma capensis Members of this family are mostly trees or lianas, sometimes shrubs, and rarely subshrubs or herbs. Lianas of the tribe Bignonieae have a unique vascular structure, in which phloem arms extend downward into the xylem because certain segments of the cambium cease the production of xylem at an early stage of development. The number of these arms is four or a multiple thereof, up to 32. When four, the phloem arms appear as a cross, hence, the common name "cross vine".
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Gasteranthus is a genus of 35 species of herbs and soft-stemmed subshrubs in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae. The species occur in Central America and South America, from southernmost Mexico to Bolivia.Weber & Skog (2007) Numerous species are threatened with extinction, mainly due to deforestation. This is due to two reasons: For one thing, Gasteranthus species are native to countries in which destruction of primary forest runs rampant; also, these plants do not distribute well and therefore endemism is very frequent, for example on isolated mountain ranges.
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Members of this family are annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs or shrubs. The leaves are simple and entire, in opposite pairs; they are sometimes dotted with black or translucent glandular spots. The inflorescence consists of a branched, flat-topped cluster, each flower being radially symmetrical, with a superior ovary. Flowers have the following components: sepals, four or five, which tend to persist; petals four or five, usually yellow, sometimes dotted with black specks; stamens many, on long filaments; styles, three to five, often fused at the base.
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Vinca difformis in habitat, Cáceres, Spain Vinca plants are subshrubs or herbaceous, and have slender trailing stems long but not growing more than above ground; the stems frequently take root where they touch the ground, enabling the plant to spread widely. The leaves are opposite, simple broad laneolate to ovate, long and broad; they are evergreen in four species, but deciduous in the herbaceous V. herbacea, which dies back to the root system in winter.Blamey, M., & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe.
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Tecticornia flowers Tecticornia arbuscula Illustrations of Tecticornia pergranulata (up) and Tecticornia halocnemoides (down) Tecticornia tenuis- shrubland in Australia The species of Tecticornia grow as annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs or small shrubs. Stems are branched, glabrous and appear jointed. The opposite leaves are fleshy, glabrous, connate in the lower part and cup-like or collar-like stem-clasping, with minute (0–3 mm long) two-lobed to triangular leaf blades. The spike-shaped inflorescences consist of opposite bracts, mostly connate and stem-clasping, free in some species.
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Codonanthe is a New World genus, consisting of a dozen or more species of evergreen epiphytic compact creeping vines with rooting along their stems, and scandent herbs or subshrubs with woody, upright stems from Brazil, Guiana, Central America and West Indies. In its own habitat, the plant usually grows in association with tree ant nests. The botanical name comes from the Greek for bellflower. Small red stems held flat or hanging, about 30 cm long, with pairs of relatively succulent, hard-surfaced and small round dark foliage.
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Individuals of this species are subshrubs that have horizontal shoots low to the ground. These plants grow low to the ground with 15–50 cm long prostrate and procumbent stems. It has opposite leaves in pairs which are not equal in size. The blades are 1/3 to 2/3 bigger than the petioles. The plant’s petioles are thick and ovate shaped with rough surface, 5–45 mm long and 2–30 mm wide, sharp to dull but particularly sharp at the apex and triangular to round shaped at the base.
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Origanum syriacum Origanum ( Oxford English Dictionary, first edition, entry "origanum") is a genus of herbaceous perennials and subshrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and much of temperate Asia, where they are found in open or mountainous habitats. A few species also naturalized in scattered locations in North America and other regions.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesAltervista Flora Italiana, genere Origanum includes photos plus distribution maps for Europe + North AmericaFlora of China Vol. 17 Page 233 牛至 niu zhi Origanum vulgare Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 590. 1753.
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The most distinctive feature of the genus is the prominent staminode, an infertile stamen. The staminode takes a variety of forms in the different species; while typically a long straight filament extending to the mouth of the corolla, some are longer and extremely hairy, giving the general appearance of an open mouth with a fuzzy tongue protruding and inspiring the common name beardtongue. Most penstemons are deciduous or semi-evergreen perennials, the remainder being shrubs or subshrubs. Heights can range from 10 cm to as much as 3 metres.
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Deciduous forests are concentrated in areas with higher rainfall (1,500-2,000 mm) facing the prevailing southwest winds, notably the Geyik Mountains in the Western Taurus and the Nur Mountains in the east. Deciduous broadleaf trees are predominant, including Oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis), European hop-hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia), oaks (Quercus cerris, Q. libani, Q. trojana, and Q. petraea ssp. pinnatiloba), and maples (Acer hyrcanum, A. platanoides, A. campestre, and A. monspessulanum). The dry alpine meadows are characterized by low-growing subshrubs, tufted herbaceous plants, grasses, and geophytes, including many species of Astragalus.
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Lavandula stoechas Linnaea borealis A subshrub (Latin suffrutex) or dwarf shrub is a short woody plant. Prostrate shrub is a related term. "Subshrub" is often used interchangeably with "bush".Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co. London, 4th ed 1928 Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub; examples of reasons for describing plants as subshrubs include ground-hugging stems or low growth habit.
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The broad alluvial floodplain of Bell Canyon Creek has historically supported and still supports a riparian woodland and understory that extends from canyon wall to canyon wall. This riparian area consists of plentiful undergrowth bordering and near the stream, and many trees including the California Sycamore (Platanus racemosa), Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii), and Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia). However, non-native invasive species of plants carried into lower Bell Canyon Creek from its tributaries, such as Periwinkle (Vinca major) and Ivy (Hedera spp.), are replacing the California native plant subshrubs, bunchgrasses, perennials, bulbs, annuals, and groundcovers.
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Astereae is a tribe of plants in the family Asteraceae that includes annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, and trees. Plants within the tribe are present nearly worldwide divided into 170 genera and more than 2,800 species, making it the second-largest tribe in the family behind Senecioneae. They are found primarily in temperate regions of the world. The taxonomy of the tribe Astereae has been dramatically changed after both morphologic and molecular evidence suggested that large genera such as Aster, as well as many others, needed to be separated into several genera or shifted to better reflect the plants' relationships.
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The geoxylic growth forms of woody subshrubs is characterised by massive lignotubers or underground woody axes from which emerge aerial shoots which may be ephemeral. These growth forms are found in savannahs in southern Africa. It is thought they developed in tandem with the spread of savannahs which resulted in an increase in tall grasses which are easily flammable during the long dry season associated with the savannah climate. Some well-known examples of geoxyles are the sand apple (Parinari capensis), the plough-breaker (Erythrina zeyheri), the red wings (Combretum platypetalum) and the wild grape (Lannea edulis).
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Acanthus is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae, native to tropical and warm temperate regions, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean Basin and Asia. This flowering plant is nectar producing and is susceptible to predation by butterflies, such as Anartia fatima, and other nectar feeding organisms. Common names include Acanthus and Bear's breeches. The generic name derives from the Greek term (akanthos) for Acanthus mollis, a plant that was commonly imitated in Corinthian capitals.. The genus comprises herbaceous perennial plants, rarely subshrubs, with spiny leaves and flower spikes bearing white or purplish flowers.
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Globularia is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae, native to central and southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwest Africa and southwest Asia. They are dense low evergreen mat-forming perennials or subshrubs, with leathery oval leaves 1–10 cm long. The flowers are produced in dense inflorescences (capitula) held above the plant on a 1–30 cm tall stem; the capitula is 1–3 cm in diameter, with numerous tightly packed purple, violet, pink or white flowers. Globularia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora virgatella.
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General: Crassulaceae is a family of morphologically diverse terrestrial perennial, rarely annual or hapaxanthic (flowering once in a lifetime), flowering plants that demonstrate xerophytic adaptations, with thick succulent leaves, a thick waxy cuticle and Crassulacean acid metabolism. Crassulaceae are generally herbaceous but there are some subshrubs, and relatively few treelike, epiphytic (growing on surface of plants), scandent (vine like) or aquatic plants. Most species are herbaceous leaf succulents, with regular 5 part (pentamerous or fivemerous) flowers, isomerous free carpels and one or two whorls of stamens. Vegetative: Stems are sometimes succulent, as may also be the underground caudices (rootstock), and may form rhizomes or corms.
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Most species are herbaceous perennials or subshrubs but a few are woody shrubs or small trees. The phyllotaxy is usually opposite and decussate, but leaves have a spiral or alternate arrangement in some groups. As with other members of the Lamiales the flowers have a (usually) zygomorphic corolla whose petals are fused into a tube and there is no one character that separates a gesneriad from any other member of Lamiales. Gesneriads differ from related families of the Lamiales in having an unusual inflorescence structure, the "pair-flowered cyme", but some gesneriads lack this characteristic, and some other Lamiales (Calceolariaceae and some Scrophulariaceae) share it.
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The Botanic Garden was originally planted exclusively with Californian native plants in 1959. Since then the garden has evolved and expanded into a diverse collection representing many different geographic regions and themes, with over 1,200 species and cultivars present. The different sections of the garden contain: trees, palms, shrubs, 'subshrubs,' perennials, bulbs, cacti, succulents, herbs, annual plants and wildflowers, ground covers, butterfly and beneficial insect sustainers, edibles, and other plant types from; California and the other four Mediterranean climate plant regions of the world, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Europe, the Americas, and other continents and regions. An ethnobotanical and a contemporary water-conserving landscape are being developed.
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For example, some of the most commonly described herbs such as sage, rosemary and lavender would be excluded from the botanical definition of a herb as they do not die down each year, and they possess woody stems. In the wider sense, herbs may be herbaceous perennials but also trees, subshrubs, shrubs, annuals, lianas, ferns, mosses, algae, lichens, and fungi. Herbalism can utilize not just stems and leaves but also fruit, roots, bark and gums. Therefore, one suggested definition of a herb is a plant which is of use to humans, although this definition is problematic since it could cover a great many plants that are not commonly described as herbs.
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They are not prairie in the usual sense, but are herbaceous bogs with peaty soil that is saturated for most of the growing season, and are dominated by mosses, sedges and low growing ericaceous subshrubs; rather than having well-drained soil dominated by grasses. Both Ahlstrom's and Roose's prairies were used to gather berries, Labrador-tea, and basketry materials, and as hunting areas for elk, deer, and black bear. Oral histories from both Makah tribal members and descendants of early settlers indicate that the Makah people regularly burned these prairies to keep the herbaceous bogs from succeeding to trees and dense brush. Bog cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus), in particular, grew only in the prairies, and was both a dietary staple and a valuable trade item.
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In mainland Australia's warmer places, twelve species are known by published formal botanical descriptions—trees, shrubs and subshrubs, growing naturally in rainforests, brigalow scrubs, monsoon forests (rainforests in a climate of a summer wet season and cool dry season, with drought–deciduous trees), tropical savannas, coastal scrubs, some arid desert areas and in similar vegetation associations further south than the tropics. Certain species particularly occur in Australia's restricted areas of naturally high nutrient soil types, for instances, soils built from limestone or basalt parent materials. Areas of more fertile soils than average Australian soils, have not surprisingly had their native vegetation associations preferentially destroyed for converting the soils to European–Australian agricultural methods. This has disproportionately brought about the decline of the specialised native plants of these soils.
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The overall morphology of these plants is highly reduced compared to other members of the Ericaceae, which are practically all subshrubs, shrubs, or trees. By contrast, the Monotropoideae are all herbaceous perennials, in which an annual shoot reemerges seasonally (in spring or early summer, depending on climate) from a perennial root. The shoot can be characterized as a single inflorescence or cluster of inflorescences, and is generally a raceme with one to many flowers per axis, though occasionally the raceme may be so reduced as to appear similar to a spike, and in Monotropa, the inflorescence can take the form of a solitary flower. Notably, the shoots are achlorophyllous, in keeping with the mycoheterotrophic and non-photosynthetic nature of the plant, and the plants have a striking and distinctive appearance, with coloration ranging from pure white to pastel tones to very bright yellow or red.
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Annuals or subshrubs (possibly also biennials) clad in sticky trichomes, the plants between 0.3 and 0.8 m in height, greatly dichotomously branched or with only one branched main stem, terminal branches spine-like. One species almost leafless: the others with lower leaves with large (circa 40 mm) pinnatifid – almost pinnatisect – blades decurrent on conspicuous petioles, or forming a basal rosette of broad leaves with long petioles. Upper leaves small, almost sessile, uppermost often reduced to tiny thread-like scales. Flowers solitary, terminal, small, pedicels 10–20 mm, calyces 2–4 mm, strongly glanduliferous – like the pedicels – with five short, equal, acute teeth; corolla zygomorphic, 6–13 mm, tubulose to funnel-shaped, violet, blue or yellow, with or without violet stripes, lobes five, of which four equal (the remaining anterior lobe slightly larger), lobes much shorter than tube; stamens included and somewhat curved towards the larger anterior corolla lobe; stamens four, in two pairs of different lengths, the posterior pair fertile with larger anthers, the lateral pair with smaller anthers, fertile (in R. chilensis) or sterile (in R. parviflora).
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