Mark wrote "For Doug" on the stringer, a stiffener down the center of the board, which still gives me chills.
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On a recent trip back from Russia, I was sitting at the bar of a well-known American chain for a pre-flight stiffener.
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Kipling intended it as a sort of imperial spine-stiffener, urging America to colonize the Philippines and join England in the task of "civilizing" supposedly backward nations.
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Typically, clients provide the material, such as silk satin-faced organza or thick velvet, which gets dunked in a plastic bucket of fabric stiffener and hung on a wooden rack to dry.
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There doesn't appear to be any liquid plastic resin added as a stiffener, but at one point the excess cardboard is shredded, soaked, and boiled, presumably to extract all the glues holding it together, which the cardboard blade was soaked in to improve rigidity.
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"The key impact is the discovery that the massive brow ridge of this fossil, our last ancestor, is not simply explained by spatial requirements or as a stiffener of the face to help it resist strong biting forces," Paul O'Higgins, study senior author and professor of anatomy at the University of York, wrote in an email.
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Unless the duct and its stiffeners are insulated, the stiffeners can be designed in ASTM A36 steels, even at a duct temperature of 1000 °F. This is because the stiffener temperature is cooler than the duct gas temperature by several hundred degrees (F). Duct stiffener temperatures are assumed to drop about 100 °F per inch of depth (when uninsulated) (no reference available).
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Often, each end of the cable is reinforced with a stiffener to make insertion easier or to provide strain relief. The stiffener makes the end of the cable slightly thicker. Flexible flat cables are used in place of round cables for easy cable management, especially in high-flex applications. They usually take up less space than round cables, often offering better EMI/RFI suppression and eliminating wire- coupling issues.
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A rigid line inclusion, also called stiffener, is a mathematical model used in solid mechanics to describe a narrow hard phase, dispersed within a matrix material. This inclusion is idealised as an infinitely rigid and thin reinforcement, so that it represents a sort of ‘inverse’ crack, from which the nomenclature ‘anticrack’ derives. From the mechanical point of view, a stiffener introduces a kinematical constraint, imposing that it may only suffer a rigid body motion along its line.
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Even a one- inch (25 mm) deviation from cross-sectional roundness results in over 30 percent decrease of hydrostatic load.US Naval Academy Minor deviations are resisted by the stiffener rings, and the total pressure force of several million longitudinally-oriented tons must be distributed evenly over the hull by using a hull with a circular cross section. This design is the most resistant to compressive stress and without it no material could resist water pressure at submarine depths. A submarine hull requires expensive transversal construction, with stiffener rings located more frequently than the longitudinals.
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Tertiary strength and loads are the forces, strength, and bending response of individual sections of hull plate between stiffeners, and the behaviour of individual stiffener sections. Usually the tertiary loading is simpler to calculate: for most sections, there is a simple, maximum hydrostatic load or hydrostatic plus slamming load to calculate. The plate is supported against those loads at its edges by stiffeners and beams. The deflection of the plate (or stiffener), and additional stresses, are simply calculated from those loads and the theory of plates and shells.
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The characteristics of the elastic solution have been experimentally confirmed through photoelastic transmission experiments.G. Noselli, F. Dal Corso and D. Bigoni, The stress intensity near a stiffener disclosed by photoelasticity. International Journal of Fracture, 2010, 166, 91–103.
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European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids, 2010, 29, pp. 299–307.Bigoni, D. Nonlinear Solid Mechanics: Bifurcation Theory and Material Instability. Cambridge University Press, 2012 . . or in proximity of a rigid line inclusion (stiffener) embedded in an elastic medium.
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Schematic of some common components of a dress shoe including the insole, stiffener, shank, outsole, toe puff, and welt. In a boot or shoe, the shank is a long, thin piece of material between the insole and outsole intended to support the foot and provide structure.
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The original penstock, installed to pipe water into Bissorte 1, was a novelty at the time of its construction thanks to its stiffener rings, metal bands that provide reinforcement against the high tensile pressure of the water. A second penstock was installed underground with the addition of Super-Bissorte.
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The vertical boiler had a rounded top. On the foremost boiler section was the steam dome with a safety valve and spring balances. The frame comprised two outside stiffener frame sections (Futterrahmen) and four plate frame sections (Plattenrahmen) for the steam engine. The EXPANSION had two plate frame sections.
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It also added a long internal rubber-coated collar to the pack's opening, instead of the two inside duck flaps, in an attempt to better keep the contents dry. In 1964, a 2nd Pattern of the Small Arms Ammunition Case were introduced that was missing the plastic stiffener in front.
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A bend stiffener is a type of cable protection system. They are conically shaped polyurethane mouldings designed to add local stiffness to a riser, flowline, cable or umbilical. They limit the bending stresses and curvature to acceptable levels. They are used in the oil and gas industry as part of offshore deep sea drilling operations.
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Testing identified flutter in the elevator and rudder at higher speeds. Increasing the radius of the leading edge of the elevator and adding an internal stiffener in the rudder corrected the issue. Saffire won a Silver Lindy award at AirVenture in 1991 and the Paul H. Poberezney award for best homebuilt aircraft over 20 years old in 2011.
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For cement plant and Lime plant process ductwork, duct loads are a combination of: # Duct dead loads: are often simplified (in Cement plant usage) by using duct plate weight, multiplied by 1.15 as a stiffener allowance, as duct stiffeners usually weigh less than 15% times the duct plate weight. Duct stiffener allowance for rectangular power plants ductwork may be 50% to 100% of the duct plate weight. # Duct internal dust loads (bottom of duct): which vary considerably with duct slope. These loads need to be approved by the client, but are often used as follows: For duct sloping 0 degrees to 30 degrees, duct internal dust is 25% of duct cross section. For duct sloping 30 degrees to 45 degrees duct dust loads are reduced to 15% of cross section, plus internal duct coating loads.
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G. Noselli, F. Dal Corso and D. Bigoni, The stress intensity near a stiffener disclosed by photoelasticity. International Journal of Fracture, 2010, 166, 91–103. In the former case, the problem is nonlinear due to the contacts between bricks, while in the latter case the elastic solution is singular, so that numerical methods may fail to provide correct results. These can be obtained through photoelastic techniques.
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Ducts are usually designed as if the duct plate and stiffener temperatures match the internal duct gas temperatures. For mild carbon steels (ASTM A36) temperatures, the design yield stress ratio at 300 °F is 84% of room temperature stress. At 500 °F, the design yield stress ratio is 77% of room temperature stress. At 700 °F, the design yield stress ratio is about 71% of room temperature stress.
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Rear view of tape transport. Two bronze flywheels in the bottom are capstan motor rotors. Above them is the solenoid that lifts the head subchassis (center) and its hydraulic damper (left, black) The B215, like all B-series Revoxes, is larger than the typical hi-fi component of the period. The enclosure measures and is a standard Studer pressed steel box with two internal stiffener rails that carry the tape transport.
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The F20C and F22C1 have two overhead cams with roller followers, a ladder-frame main bearing stiffener, a VTEC system for both the intake and exhaust camshaft, Fiber- Reinforced Metal cylinder liners (FRM), molybdenum disulfide-coated piston skirts for reduced friction, and uses a timing chain. The VTEC system consists of two separate cam lobe profiles. Variable cam phasing is not used. Roller followers are used to reducing friction in the valvetrain.
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The uppers are made from leather either cut according to patterns or stamped out. At the lighter end are various styles of sandals, then through shoe types to industrial, farming and army boots. When cutting either card or metal patterns are used, with the latter the knife makes a clicking sound and the term used is "clicking out". The vamp and the quarters and heel stiffener are stitched together and eyelets or fastenings attached.
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In 1909 aeroplanes remained frail and of little practical use. The limited engine power available meant that the effective payload was extremely limited. The basic structural and materials technology of the airframes mostly consisted of hardwood materials or steel tubing, braced with steel wires and covered in linen fabric doped with a flammable stiffener and sealant.Knights of the Air (1980) by Ezra Bowen, part of Time-Life's The Epic of Flight series.
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The weight reduction from the SWT was accomplished by eliminating portions of stringers (structural stiffeners running the length of the hydrogen tank), using fewer stiffener rings and by modifying major frames in the hydrogen tank. Also, significant portions of the tank were milled differently so as to reduce thickness, and the weight of the ET's aft solid rocket booster attachments was reduced by using a stronger, yet lighter and less expensive titanium alloy.
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A Jason's cradle is a maritime rescue device. The device is similar to a scramble net made of cloth webbing. It can be suspended over a rail, but it has stiffener batts which make it easier to climb. It can take the form of a hammock or stretcher for the rescue of weakened or injured people when the "top" and "bottom" of the net are lowered to the water level so they can simply roll into it.
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Structural Elements of a Ship's Hull This diagram shows the key structural elements of a ship's main hull (excluding the bow, stern, and deckhouse). # Deck plating (a.k.a. Main Deck, Weatherdeck or Strength Deck) # Transverse bulkhead # Inner bottom shell plating # Hull bottom shell plating # Transverse frame (1 of 2) # Keel frame # Keelson (longitudinal girder) (1 of 4) # Longitudinal stiffener (1 of 18) # Hull side beam The depicted hull is a sample small double bottom (but not double hull) oil tanker.
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Rigid-flex circuits are a hybrid construction flex circuit consisting of rigid and flexible substrates which are laminated together into a single structure. Rigid-flex circuits should not be confused with rigidized flex constructions, which are simply flex circuits to which a stiffener is attached to support the weight of the electronic components locally. A rigidized or stiffened flex circuit can have one or more conductor layers. Thus while the two terms may sound similar, they represent products that are quite different.
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Environmental lead contamination is predominantly due to burning off the plastic covering from copper wires. PVC insulation contains approximately 3000 mg/kg lead as a stiffener, and this lead is released during the burning. The Guardian in April 2019 reported that a study for IPEN and the Basel Action Network found dangerous levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS) in chicken eggs at Agbogbloshie. Lead containing glass used in computer monitors (CRT tubes) also contributes to elevated soil lead levels.
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Pleated blind Unlike horizontal blinds, vertical blinds are less likely to collect dust because they stand vertically. Since they draw to the side rather than lifting and lowering, they are easier and faster to operate. They operate best on patio doors and sliding windows that slide from side to side. In the 1970s there were few choices of fabric- usually beige or white, which had to have stiffener embedded to prevent fraying, rather like on roller blinds fabric but using a thicker textile.
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Military uniform berets feature a headband or sweatband attached to the wool, made either from leather, silk or cotton ribbon, sometimes with a drawstring allowing the wearer to tighten the hat. The drawstrings are, according to custom, either tied and cut off or tucked in or else left to dangle. The beret is often adorned with a cap badge, either in cloth or metal. Some berets have a piece of buckram or other stiffener in the position where the badge is intended to be worn.
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This > mangled cap was frowned upon, but tolerated for those who earned the right > to wear it. Normally, this cap had stiffeners - a support piece behind the cap device and a wire around the inside top perimeter to maintain the cap's round shape. These kept the cap in its proper, regulation military shape and angle. However, since pilots wore headsets over their caps during flights, they would remove the wire stiffener to make headset wear more comfortable, causing the sides of the caps to become crushed.
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Thanks to the Bark Crew, the group of guerrillas formed by Stiffener and Brogalaw to harass Trunn, the Blue Hordes are slowly starved, their supplies cut off. Ungatt Trunn tricks the Bark Crew into putting up a last stand in battle, but Lord Brocktree joins forces with the hares and saves the day. The book culminates in a massive final battle, with many memorable characters killed, including Jukka and Fleetscut. Eventually, when the battle ends up a near-stalemate, Trunn and Brocktree face off in a duel.
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Omitting the reinforcing stiffener on the vessel just aft of the door hub is a good way to learn how true this is. An autoclave with this type of door features heavily reinforced mountings which keep the door in alignment throughout the machine's service life. The O-ring gasket can be replaced in less than a minute and is fairly inexpensive. Autoclaves over four feet in diameter or those rated at higher pressures generally use the rotating locking ring door, also called a breech lock door.
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In typical construction, cords run vertically on the outer side of the blind running through evenly spaced horizontal stiffener rods or eyelets on the back of the shade and then attached at the bottom of the blind. In this case, the opened portion of the blinds remains smooth, while the bottom will be stacked evenly. Roman shades can also be made with top-down-bottom-up mechanisms which allow only the top of the shade to come down; allowing for privacy yet still letting in natural light from the top of the window.
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Despite the large and small tags, there was actually little difference between the two groups, the most crucial being larger boilers with an increase in tube heating surface. Cylinder and wheel dimensions were identical. The class was originally designed by Peter Drummond, whose elder (and better known) brother Dugald had been in the company's locomotive department in earlier years and was at that time Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London and South Western Railway. In appearance they were fairly typical Drummond family products with the stiffener across the cab roof.
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The following is a summary of regulations found in Chapters 327 and 328 of Florida Statutes which pertain to diving from small boats. # The size of divers-down flags displayed on vessels must be at least 20 inches by 24 inches, and a stiffener is required to keep the flag unfurled. Dive flags carried on floats must be at least 12 inches by 12 inches. Also, divers-down flags on vessels must be displayed above the vessel's highest point so that the flag's visibility is not obstructed in any direction.
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A typical peaked cap has a spring stiffening, often in the form of a wire grommet frame, to ensure the sides and rear of the fabric covering have the proper shape. A crusher cap removes the stiffener to allow headphones to be worn over the hat or use in confined spaces such as tanks and submarines, giving it a slouched and worn "crushed" appearance. Such modified caps were especially popular among US Army Air Forces combat pilots and German tank commanders and submariners in the Second World War.
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The wildcat Ungatt Trunn, son of Mortspear, Highland King of the North, lays siege to the fortress with his Blue Hordes. Eventually the mountain is overrun, leading to the deaths of many hares and even of Stonepaw himself, who dies valiantly defending his hares, taking many vermin with him as he does. The wildcat takes at least sixty hares as prisoners, but through the efforts of warrior Stiffener Medick and his otter friend Brogalaw, they escape. Lord Brocktree gets an army from the hare Bucko Bigbones, after Dotti defeats him in a contest.
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Launched at the 1934 Prague Motor Show, the Super Piccolo was designed as a mid-range replacement to the smaller Piccolo which would suit people who did not want the larger Alfa. Of conventional construction, with a rectangular frame chassis with X-shape stiffener, the car was initially produced as a four-door sedan only. This was joined by a small number of two-door Sidomka and Sodomkovy aerodynamic convertibles, but the biggest upheaval came at the 1935 Berlin Motor Show where Praga launched a distinctive aerodynamic sedan. The new model had a more curvaceous shape and covered front and rear wheels.
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The problem was solved with the introduction of the R-29B-300 which was better suited to this motion. Early models of the MiG-23 also ran into the problem that the plane's fuel tank, located in the fuselage wingbox, were integral to the structure rather contained within a fuel bladder. This meant that as the structure developed hairline fractures fuel would seep out, requiring severe g-force limits until a solution could be found. Until structure quality was improved in later models, one fix was to weld a plate on the inside surface and a stiffener on the outer skin.
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Hull cracks, feed water and fuel tank leaks, structural failures and turbine damage were a commonplace in Tribals even when they were new. Successive ship alterations which addressed these issues with stiffener plates, frames, stringers, braces and even turbine blade redesign had limited success. Likely it was this consideration which influenced the RN's decision to dispose of their four surviving Tribal destroyers before 1950 even though none of those ships were then more than 12 years old. As the years passed all of Canada's Tribals, both British and Canadian built, developed more frequent and more extensive structural defects necessitating increasingly long yard time for repairs and restrictions placed on their employment.
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Gunwale of the Cutty Sark The gunwale () is the top edge of the hull of a ship or boat. Originally the structure was the "gun wale" on a sailing warship, a horizontal reinforcing band added at and above the level of a gun deck to offset the stresses created by firing artillery. Over time it remained as a valuable stiffener mounted inboard of the sheer strake on commercial and recreational craft. In modern boats, it is the top edge of the hull where there is usually some form of stiffening, often in the form of traditional wooden boat construction members called the "inwale" and "outwale".
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Bend stiffeners are conically shaped polymer mouldings designed to add local stiffness to the product contained within, limiting bending stresses and curvature to acceptable levels. Bend stiffeners are generally suitable for water depths of 35 metres or less, and their suitability is highly dependent on currents and seabed conditions at site. Extreme care must be taken when selecting a stiffener, especially relating to the lifespan of the system as these themselves can become fatigued/fragile. As the stiffness of these products are dependent upon the nature of the plastic used, careful testing and QA of plastics should be carefully considered as flaws introduced during material manufacture, processing, machining and molding.
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Built on its own new platform, the TLX uses a front double wishbone suspension with forged aluminum lower control arms mounted up top to cast aluminum damper towers. To increase front suspension rigidity, a steel tubular strut bar connects the front damper towers together with two additional bars tying each damper tower to the cowl in a triangular arrangment. To reduce weight the front fenders and subframe are aluminum, with the AGM battery moved to rear to improve weight distribution. As with the previous TLX, a one-piece outer front door ring stiffener made from 1500-MPa hot stamped steel is used, additionally the lower dash area is made from 1500-MPa grade steel.
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At the same time the M34 side-cap was introduced for enlisted wear, a foldable field cap for officers was authorized. Superficially resembling the Schirmmütze, this cap had a crown of significantly smaller diameter without the wire stiffener, a soft band, and a visor of flexible leather or feldgrau wool. Insignia were jacquard-woven; although no chinstrap was authorized officers often added the Schirmmütze silver cords. This cap was officially replaced by the officers' Schiffchen M38, with a wear-out date of 1 April 1942, but this order was generally ignored and the popular "Knautschmütze" was worn throughout the war, coming to be known as the ältere Art (old style) field cap.
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Where the standard jackets were closed by a full-length zipper, covered by a buttoned flap, and buttoned cuffs, the windproof smock used velcro to close the flap over the zipper and to fasten the cuffs. The buttons fitted to the Windproof Smock (on the four, expanding front pockets, and the small arm pocket for the First Field Dressing) were all of an overlarge type, to ease use by cold or gloved fingers. Later, a similar DPM Windproof smock was introduced (the Smock, Windproof, Arctic), this was primarily issued to Royal Marine Commandos and Army units assigned to the AMF(L) for arctic warfare. This differed from the Smock, Windproof, DPM in that it had button-on rank tabs on the chest and back, as well as a wire 'stiffener' for the hood.
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Inside the waistband holsters made by Alien Gear have adjustable belt clips, which allow the user to set the height the holster rides at inside the waistband, as well as the angle the pistol sits at by moving the belt clip between the weld nut position on the wings of the holster. Belt clips available from the company include standard plastic clips, metal clips, leather loops and also "J" and "C" clips, which tuck under the belt when being worn. The backing platforms of Alien Gear's Cloak Tuck 3.0 and Cloak Mod holsters both have cores of woven ballistic nylon fabric and spring steel which act as internal stiffeners. Alien Gear's leather belts, intended for use while carrying a pistol and a holster, also uses an internal stiffener of spring steel.
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Plastic collar stay removed from shirt collar Underside of a men's shirt collar showing removable collar stay Metal collar stays are often used to replace plastic ones. Adjustable-length collar stay A collar stay, collar stick, collar tab (British English), collar stiffener, or collar stiff is a shirt accessory consisting of a smooth strip of rigid material, rounded at one end and pointed at the other, inserted into specially made pockets on the underside of a shirt collar to stabilize the collar's points. The stays ensure that the collar lies flat against the collarbone, looking crisp and remaining in the correct place. Collar stays can be made from a variety of materials, including metal (such as brass, stainless steel, or sterling silver), horn, baleen, mother of pearl, or plastic.
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The Apollo 7 spacecraft included Command and Service Module 101 (CSM-101) the first Block II CSM to be flown. The Block II craft had the capability of docking with a Lunar Module (LM), though no LM was flown on Apollo 7. The spacecraft also included the launch escape system and a spacecraft-lunar module adapter (SLA), though the latter included no LM and instead provided a mating structure between the SM and the S-IVB's Instrument Unit, with a structural stiffener substituted for the LM. The launch escape system was jettisoned after S-IVB ignition, while the SLA was left behind on the spent S-IVB when the CSM separated from it in orbit. Following the Apollo 1 fire, the Block II CSM was extensively redesigned—over 1,800 changes were recommended, of which 1,300 were implemented for Apollo 7.
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Perhaps the other side would have a man's smiling face carved on it.Alaska Native Collections : ayaperviik “central deck stiffener of a kayak” The umiak or open skin boat, large skin boat (angyaq sg angyak dual angyat pl in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, angyar in Cup'ig) is larger broad open skin-covered boat. The dog sleds (ikamraq sg ikamrak dual ikamrat pl in Yup'ik and Cup'ik, qamauk in Yukon and Unaliq-Pastuliq Yup'ik, ikamrag, qamaug in Cup'ig; often used in the dual for one sled)National Museum of the American Indian : Sled model. Kuskwogmiut Yup'ik (Kuskokwim) are an ancient and widespread means of transportation for Northern Indigenous peoples, but when non-Native fur traders and explorers first traveled the Yukon River and other interior regions in the mid-19th century they observed that only Yupikized Athabaskan groups, including the Koyukon, Deg Hit'an and Holikachuk, used dogs in this way.
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