Solving this problem required expertise in both statistical probability and livestock biology.
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I lack a degree in mathematics or statistical probability, so maybe my computations won't make sense.
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Dr. John Kress: The statistical probability is that it's bacterial, although it certainly could be viral pneumonia.
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Many of the most powerful are bafflingly opaque; others evade understanding because they involve an avalanche of statistical probability.
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But that's the statistical probability of finding someone who has nearly the exact same traits as you, who would be your genetic identical.
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But his darkest point was that climate scientists, being scientists, must confine themselves to making claims that have a high degree of statistical probability.
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Statoil said the statistical probability of a blow-out, an uncontrolled oil spill from a well, was 0.014 percent - or one for every 7,100 exploration wells.
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But assuming she doesn't have chronic illnesses, and isn't on medication that suppresses her immune system, I'd say the statistical probability for her recovery is pretty good.
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But that seems like a band-aid; a temporary fix used in the hope that statistical probability alone will magically result in a more representative group of nominees.
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Those who work in the industry "have chosen to do a very hard thing, with a very limited statistical probability of ever making any real money: serving food to people," Anthony Bourdain once wrote.
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"In simple terms, and with a high level of statistical probability that has never existed before, RLAs will 'limit the risk' that Colorado or any of its counties will certify official election results if the outcome is not correct," he said.
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"If statistical probability standing alone is sufficient to define probable cause, then probable cause is going to be virtually meaningless in an era of big data," Natalie Ram, a legal scholar at the University of Maryland who studies genetic privacy, told BuzzFeed News.
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There is also a growing need for more real-time monitoring of activity on a message "bus," because standard analytics methods based on probability and statistical probability often detect intrusions after the fact and are not always reliable or 100-percent accurate, cybersecurity experts and analysts explain.
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"I never got in trouble, because you're so busy," he says, citing a long-running tradition wherein it's a near statistical probability that everyone who passes through the British school system will spend an overwhelming amount of time toasting splints, magnesium, and jelly babies over Robert Bunsen's barrel of fire and fun.
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However, should state officials choose to continue the case, investigators say Florida's State Climatologist David Zierden is prepared to produce a comprehensive report detailing potentially contributing factors of the storm, and that subject matter experts with the U.S. Coast Guard or St. Petersburg's Eckerd College Search and Rescue Team could provide expert testimony as to the effect that a delayed overdue vessel report could have on the statistical probability of a search and rescue operation.
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Thus, with the given statistical probability, some of the partial-occupancy sites in such a unit cell are empty, and the remained sites are occupied.
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However, this may be a misinterpretation. Calculations support 1659 for the fall of Babylon, based on the statistical probability of dating based on the planet's observations. The presently accepted middle chronology is too low from the astronomical point of view.
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A skewed pattern might be more common in affected females than unaffected. This must be considered when studying X-linked diseases. Due to the random nature of inactivation, women can have skewed inactivation due to simple statistical probability. This makes it difficult to determine when the ratio is abnormally skewed.
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Glenair Airport is a private airport opened by eight adjacent property owners in March 1974. In 1989, members of Glenwood Estates Homeowners Association bought properties next to the airport, then attempted to close the airport. Citizens cited the danger from planes falling from the sky, which was countered with the low statistical probability relative to other common risks.
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Harvey and Keashly found that length of time at work was able to predict workplace aggression such that the longer hours a person worked, the more likely they were to report aggression. The authors attributed this finding to two possible reasons. First, the more hours worked, the greater statistical probability of being victimized. Second, longer hours worked could contribute to fatigue and frustration.
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Nonetheless, the speaker should not rely on their own intuition about audience expectations, but rather consider only "a small, yet significant statistical probability" (mi'ut ha-matzui). How small? According to Levine, the audience expectation is quantified under halakhah. On the one hand, a speaker would not be required to cite sources merely to disabuse someone's rare, naive expectation that sources are cited.
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This is large number of descendants that this ruler had with many concubines. The statistical probability of this happening is relatively small. Researchers have discovered quite a long time ago the puzzling coincidence of chronicles of Fredegar. The chronicler describes these events, and compared with reports of Polish medieval chronicles, claiming the 21 or 22 of children of Leszek III.
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National air space authorities may often set tighter limits. For instance, in Australia, a Primary Alarm limit may be set as low as ±0.5° on some Doppler VOR beacons. ARINC 711 - 10 January 30, 2002 states that receiver accuracy should be within 0.4° with a statistical probability of 95% under various conditions. Any receiver compliant with this standard can be expected to perform within these tolerances.
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It is possible that Schiavo was expressing herself humorously, and did not expect to be taken literally. Another hypothesis is that a meteor might have struck the plane; however, the statistical probability for this is extremely low. A poll posted on CNN's website reported that 9% of respondents thought it was either very or somewhat likely that the plane was abducted by aliens, "time travelers or beings from another dimension".
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The poor state of public statistical literacy and the non-statistical nature of human intuition permits misleading without explicitly producing faulty conclusions. The definition is weak on the responsibility of the consumer of statistics. A historian listed over 100 fallacies in a dozen categories including those of generalization and those of causation. A few of the fallacies are explicitly or potentially statistical including sampling, statistical nonsense, statistical probability, false extrapolation, false interpolation and insidious generalization.
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All of the technical/mathematical problems of applied probability would fit in the single listed fallacy of statistical probability. Many of the fallacies could be coupled to statistical analysis, allowing the possibility of a false conclusion flowing from a blameless statistical analysis. An example use of statistics is in the analysis of medical research. The process includes In this article anything less than the best statistical practice is equated to the potential misuse of statistics.
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Currently, the purpose of carving the rocks and the intended use of the niches are unknown. So far, the “Who? When? Why?” questions could not be answered without doubts remaining. However, the results of research to date, accompanied by the statistical probability based on evaluation of topographic data, make the idea of the beekeeping use rather doubtful; while “reasons to exclude cultic, sacrificial use of the niches have not been drawn up”.
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Theoretical Criminology (5) 4 Often there is a noticeable difference between the perceived risk of becoming a victim of crime and the statistical probability. However, hearing about events in the media or knowing others who have been victimised increases public perception of the risk of victimisation.Tyler, T. R. (1984) ‘Assessing the risk of crime victimization: The integration of personal victimization experience and socially transmitted information.’ Journal of Social Issues, 40, 27-38.
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Homozygotes for the Ile118Lys mutation on the equine endothelin receptor type B gene have lethal white syndrome. In any crossing of two carrier parents, the statistical probability of producing a solid-colored, living foal is 25%; a 50% chance exists for a frame-patterned, living foal; and a 25% chance exists of a LWS foal. This Thoroughbred mare was born pure white with pink skin. Such foals are occasionally born with no apparent white ancestry.
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Michaelis worked primarily on the inheritance and segregation of cytoplasmic mutations in Epilobium, a genus related to Oenothera. He calculated in 1955/1956 the statistical probability of the segregation of two different types of plastids under different conditions. With further research Michaelis concluded that segregation of a mutant plastid could be the only cause of the observed variegation in the species. After this Michaelis examined thirty cases of plastid variegation where no mixed cells were found.
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The concept of gateway drug is based on observations that the sequence of first-time use of different drugs is not random but shows trends. On the basis of established techniques of longitudinal studies such trends can be described precisely in terms of statistical probability. As to the interpretation of the observed trends, it is important to note the difference between sequence and causation. Both may – but need not – be coupled, a question which is subject of further research, e.g.
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The lung allocation score is calculated from a series of formulas that take into account the statistical probability of a patient's survival in the next year without a transplant, and the projected length of survival post-transplant. A raw allocation score, summarizing all of the above values, is calculated, and finally this score is normalized to obtain the actual LAS, which has a range from 0 to 100. Higher lung allocation scores indicate the patient is more likely to benefit from a lung transplant.
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In this way, it is theoretically possible to have any combination of parental alleles in an offspring, and the fact that two alleles appear together in one offspring does not have any influence on the statistical probability that another offspring will have the same combination. This principle of "independent assortment" of genes is fundamental to genetic inheritance. However, the frequency of recombination is actually not the same for all gene combinations. This leads to the notion of "genetic distance", which is a measure of recombination frequency averaged over a (suitably large) sample of pedigrees.
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In the Parchment model, a single sheet of graphite is rolled in around itself, resembling a scroll of parchment or a rolled newspaper. The interlayer distance in multi-walled nanotubes is close to the distance between graphene layers in graphite, approximately 3.4 Å. The Russian Doll structure is observed more commonly. Its individual shells can be described as SWNTs, which can be metallic or semiconducting. Because of statistical probability and restrictions on the relative diameters of the individual tubes, one of the shells, and thus the whole MWNT, is usually a zero-gap metal.
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If the statistical probability distribution of the variable is known or can be assumed, it is possible to derive confidence limits to describe the region within which the true value of the variable may be found. For example, the 68% confidence limits for a one-dimensional variable belonging to a normal distribution are approximately ± one standard deviation from the central value , which means that the region will cover the true value in roughly 68% of cases. If the uncertainties are correlated then covariance must be taken into account. Correlation can arise from two different sources.
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The second law of thermodynamics ensures (through statistical probability) that two bodies of different temperature, when brought into contact with each other and isolated from the rest of the Universe, will evolve to a thermodynamic equilibrium in which both bodies have approximately the same temperature. The second law is also expressed as the assertion that in an isolated system, entropy never decreases. Maxwell conceived a thought experiment as a way of furthering the understanding of the second law. His description of the experiment is as follows:Maxwell (1871), reprinted in Leff & Rex (1990) on p. 4.
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Google Springboard is an AI-powered assistant which aid users to quickly find relevant information, as and when they need it across all associated Google apps, including (but not restricted to) Gmail, Google Docs, Google Drive, Google Calendar, Google Contacts and others alike. It also provides “actionable information & recommendations” to users based on statistical probability gathered using Machine Learning. Springboard also integrates with Google Sites – a tool for creating web pages. The updated app now supports collaboration between users and lets them add content from services like Google Docs, Calendar and Google Maps.
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Courts have looked into the statistical probability of HIV transmission to overturn or reduce criminal sentences resulting from prosecutions. For example, on 23 February 2015, the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces reversed the aggravated assault conviction of Technical Sergeant David Gutierrez upon determining, that the risk of HIV transmission through sexual intercourse was not "likely to produce death or grievous bodily harm" under the applicable statute. As of 2017, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that those who have undetectable levels of HIV in their blood cannot transmit the virus.
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An advantage with phone-number 90 000 was the low statistical plausibility that the number would be generated by mistake. The statistical probability for a loose connection, or other types of electrical fault, to achieve the number series 90 000 is very low compared to the number series 112. When the British telephone company BT Group introduced 112 to the United Kingdom the number of erroneous calls caused by electrical faults to be 8 million per year, which after technical measures was lowered to 200 000 per year. In relation British BT received about 25 million emergency calls in year 2001.
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Genetic experts agree that the statistical probability of Jack Worthington, Sr. being the biological father of Jack Worthington, II is 0%, based on the eye color combinations of Worthington's father (brown), mother (brown), and grandparents (three brown – one blue). Worthington's eye color is hazel (blue green), the same color as President Kennedy's. Worthington also has a similar appearance to President Kennedy. Worthington is approximately the same height, weight, hair color, eye color, facial and body type as President Kennedy, materially different from Jack Worthington, Sr. Kennedy researchers who know Worthington also confirm a striking similarity in personality.
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It was also revealed that treatment on mice with the new knowledge resulted in a "complete eradication of established tumours in 60% of mice". Their 2015 submission to the Senate Standing Committee on Community Affairs Inquiry into the Availability of New, Innovative and Specialist Cancer Drugs in Australia states that the 5 year survival rate of patients with advanced cancer is consistent with statistical probability that a patients treatment will be administered at exactly the right place in their immune cycle. In 2013, Dr Svetomir Markovic of the Mayo Clinic gave a public lecture in which he described the immune cycle and the potential developments to medicine it provides.
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Steinfeld was cast as Eliza opposite Ender's Game co-star Asa Butterfield in the film adaptation of Ten Thousand Saints, which premiered on January 23, 2015, at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. Steinfeld was originally cast to play the female lead in the 2015 film, For the Dogs, but was replaced by actress Emma Roberts. In spring 2014, Steinfeld narrated as the voice of Anne Frank for an exhibition on Frank at the Museum of Tolerance. In October, she was cast to star as Hadley in The Statistical Probability of Love at First Sight, based on the novel of the same name by Jennifer E. Smith.
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According to the Red River Basin Task Force News, the Red River Flood of 1997 "deserved the superlative, the 'flood of the century'." The flood along the Red River of the North in North Dakota, Minnesota, and Southern Manitoba, in April and May 1997 was the most severe Red River flood since 1826. The International Joint Commission (IJC)'s 1998 report warned that although the 1997 Red River flood had a "return interval ranging from 100 to 500 years, depending on the location", there was a "statistical probability of a similar flood each year." It was the most severe flood of the river since 1826.
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Life expectancy is commonly confused with the average age an adult could expect to live. This confusion may create the expectation that an adult would be unlikely to exceed an average life expectancy, even though, with all statistical probability, an adult, who has already avoided many statistical causes of adolescent mortality, should be expected to outlive the average life expectancy calculated from birth. One must compare life expectancy of the period after childhood, to estimate the life expectancy of an adult. Life expectancy can change dramatically after childhood, even in preindustrial times as is demonstrated by the Roman Life Expectancy table, which estimates life expectancy to be 25 years at birth, but 53 years upon reaching age 25.
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The application of radiation can aid the patient by providing doctors and other health care professionals with a medical diagnosis, but the exposure of the patient should be reasonably low enough to keep the statistical probability of cancers or sarcomas (stochastic effects) below an acceptable level, and to eliminate deterministic effects (e.g. skin reddening or cataracts). An acceptable level of incidence of stochastic effects is considered to be equal for a worker to the risk in other radiation work generally considered to be safe. This policy is based on the principle that any amount of radiation exposure, no matter how small, can increase the chance of negative biological effects such as cancer.
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If we would like today to again review the ancient history of Lechia, we should focus on a few similarities that allow us to measure reliably and with a high statistical probability these events. Both Samon, and Leszek III from Polish medieval chronicles, had a similar number of male descendants- one had them 21, the other 22. It is very likely that both chronicles describe the same ruler, because at this time and in this area there is very unlikely occurrence of two the rulers of similar character traits (cleverness, cunning) and with a similar number of sons. The key to the mystery is the 22 sons of the ruler Samo, Zamo, mentioned in the chronicle of Fredegar.
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A theory attempts to draw a correlation between the United States' unprecedented nationwide decline of the overall crime rate during the 1990s and the decriminalization of abortion 20 years prior. The suggestion was brought to widespread attention by a 1999 academic paper, The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime, authored by the economists Steven D. Levitt and John Donohue. They attributed the drop in crime to a reduction in individuals said to have a higher statistical probability of committing crimes: unwanted children, especially those born to mothers who are African American, impoverished, adolescent, uneducated, and single. The change coincided with what would have been the adolescence, or peak years of potential criminality, of those who had not been born as a result of Roe v.
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The earliest reported synthesis of a rotaxane in 1967 relied on the statistical probability that if two halves of a dumbbell-shaped molecule were reacted in the presence of a macrocycle that some small percentage would connect through the ring. To obtain a reasonable quantity of rotaxane, the macrocycle was attached to a solid-phase support and treated with both halves of the dumbbell 70 times and then severed from the support to give a 6% yield. However, the synthesis of rotaxanes has advanced significantly and efficient yields can be obtained by preorganizing the components utilizing hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, covalent bonds, or coulombic interactions. The three most common strategies to synthesize rotaxane are "capping", "clipping", and "slipping", though others do exist.
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A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity System, the failure to recognize self antigens as "self", has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is thought by many researchers to be a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self, though others are beginning to think that many autoimmune diseases are due to mutations governing programmed cell death, or to environmental products that injure target tissues, thus causing a release of immunostimulatory alarm signals,. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.
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Our research, however, demonstrates that when study participants > are placed in real, rather than hypothetical, bargaining situations and are > presented with accurate information regarding their statistical probability > of success, just as they might be so informed by their attorney or the > government during a criminal plea negotiation, innocent defendants are > highly risk-averse. More pressure to plea bargain may be applied in weak cases (where there is less certainty of both guilt and jury conviction) than strong cases. Prosecutors tend to be strongly motivated by conviction rates, and "there are many indications that prosecutors are willing to go a long way to avoid losing cases, [and that] when prosecutors decide to proceed with such weak cases they are often willing to go a long way to assure that a plea bargain is struck". Prosecutors often have great power to procure a desired level of incentive, as they select the charges to be presented.
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First, the most important trace is located in the chronicle of Fredegar. It is located in the section describing a Slavic prince who had 22 sons- similar reference does not appear in any other sources- except maybe from the Polish annals of the Middle Ages which reported on the ruler Leszek III having a very similar number of sons. We can try to identify the ruler in Polish historical records based on similarities in descriptions, and emphasize the high statistical probability of the correctness of that interpretation. One of his many sons- most important son of Leszek III, the son of "the right bed" - was to be Popiel I. Leszek III was the ruler of the precatholic Poland who shared his empire after his death among his sons, among others, Popiel I. Both Samon and Leszek III were characterized by similar tactics of warfare, they were- clever - and that's what the name of Leszek, or Lestek is explained in the annals by its etymology.
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The original anemometer that measured The Big Wind in 1934 at Mount Washington Observatory The fastest wind speed not related to tornadoes ever recorded was during the passage of Tropical Cyclone Olivia on 10 April 1996: an automatic weather station on Barrow Island, Australia, registered a maximum wind gust of The wind gust was evaluated by the WMO Evaluation Panel who found that the anemometer was mechanically sound and the gust was within statistical probability and ratified the measurement in 2010. The anemometer was mounted 10 m above ground level (and thus 64 m above sea level). During the cyclone, several extreme gusts of greater than were recorded, with a maximum 5-minute mean speed of the extreme gust factor was in the order of 2.27–2.75 times the mean wind speed. The pattern and scales of the gusts suggest that a mesovortex was embedded in the already strong eyewall of the cyclone.
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