Caption: The Solfatara of Pozzuoli is one of forty volcanoes that make up the Campi Flegrei.
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An eruption in 1198 from the Solfatara was likely a steam-driven explosion from the hydrothermal system.
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And in 2017, an 11-year-old boy died after falling into the Solfatara Crater in Pozzuoli, Italy, and his parents also died when they tried to save him.
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Sulfolobus cells are irregularly shaped and flagellar. Species of Sulfolobus are generally named after the location from which they were first isolated, e.g. Sulfolobus solfataricus was first isolated in the Solfatara volcano. Other species can be found throughout the world in areas of volcanic or geothermal activity, such as geological formations called mud pots, which are also known as solfatare (plural of solfatara).
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The volcano contains several craters up to 400 m in diameter and five solfatara fields. The only historical account of its eruption occurred somewhere in the 1850s.
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The solfatara on the west side of Mt. Giron contained more than 400 tones of sulfur in 1880."Biliran, Philippines". Volcano World. Retrieved on 2013-11-06.
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Sibualbuali is a stratovolcano in the northern Sumatra, Indonesia. It has two solfatara fields on the eastern flank. There is a rhyolitic-dacitic lava dome, erupted from the Toru-Asik fault.
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Sulphatara or Solfatara is an Italian term for a volcanic vent that releases gaseous substances containing sulfur. It is also the name of a strain of bacteria that causes skin disease.
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Soon after the earthquake, reconstruction efforts were concentrated on repairing the Alamo and Solfatara irrigation canals to save the cantaloupe crop, and the water supply was restored in less than four days.
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It is possible this eruption was centered at Lake Seit, a volcanic maar with still active solfatara. Volcanoes in the Jolo Group are young and considered active on the probable eruptions above.
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Saccharolobus solfataricus is a species of thermophilic archaeon. It was transferred from the genus Sulfolobus to the new genus Saccharolobus with the description of Saccharolobus caldissimus in 2018. It was first isolated and discovered in the Solfatara volcano (which it was subsequently named after) in 1980 by two Germans microbiologists Karl Setter and Wolfram Zillig, in Solfatara volcano (Pisciarelli-Campania, Italy). However, these organisms are not isolated to volcanoes but are found all over the world in places such as hot springs.
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Ashfalls were reported at Caibiran and adjoining areas with maximum deposits at thick."Biliran". Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. Retrieved on 2013-11-13. There are five active solfatara fields on the island.
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Thermoplasma volcanium is a moderate thermoacidophilic archaea isolated from acidic hydrothermal vents and solfatara fields. It contains no cell wall and is motile. It is a facultative anaerobic chemoorganoheterotroph. No previous phylogenetic classifications have been made for this organism.
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In addition to co-writing the screenplay, he appears on-camera sporadically, serving as tour guide, cultural commentator, and occasional extra in music shoots. Scenes were filmed at San Domenico Maggiore's Square, at Castel dell'Ovo, at Castel Sant'Elmo and at Solfatara.
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Mount Besar (, means: Big Mountain) is a stratovolcano in the southeast of Sumatra, Indonesia. A minor sulfur deposit can be found in the crater. A big solfatara field called Marga Bayur is located along its north-south-west flanks or the Semangko fault system.
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On 29 April Brown Betty, with Childs again in the saddle, started at odds of 8/1 in a 22-runner field for the 120th running of the 1000 Guineas over the Rowley Mile at Newmarket. She won by half a length from Fur Tor with the favoured Myrobella three quarters of a length away in third. Brown Betty was strongly fancied for the Oaks Stakes over one and a half miles at Epsom Racecourse on 2 June but apparently failed to stay the distance and came home fourth behind Chatelaine, Solfatara and Fur Tor. Brown Betty finished second to Solfatara in the Nassau Stakes at Goodwood and then returned to winning form to take the Richemount Stakes over ten furlongs at Hurst Park.
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AE 1953, 00073; G. Gaggero Introduction to Suetonius's Life of the twelve Caesars Milan 1994 From StrabonStrabone Geografia. L'Italia V,4,6, Milan 1988 we know that at Pozzuoli there was an area called in Greek agora' of Hephaistos (Lat. Forum Vulcani). The place is a plain where many sulphurous vapour outlets are located (currently Solfatara).
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Caldera activity started 1 million years ago, with the youngest eruption dated to 27,000-29,000 years ago. Deposits from the caldera form thick ignimbrite sheets in Rizal, Metro Manila, Laguna, and Bulacan. Remnants of volcanic activity include undated maars at the southern end of Talim Island and a solfatara field on nearby Mount Sembrano.
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Only a dozen arches of this earlier work still exist. This lesser amphitheater measured 130 x 95 meters (427 x 312 feet). The site of the structure was chosen at the nearby crossing of roads from Naples, Capua, and Cumae. It was abandoned when it was partially buried by eruptions from the Solfatara volcano.
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Sorikmarapi is highly vegetated stratovolcano on Sumatra island, Indonesia. It has 600 m wide of crater lake at the summit and some sulfur deposits. Small parasitic crater, called Danau Merah, is found at the upper southeast flank of the mountain and several solfatara fields at the eastern flank. During the 19th and 20th century, small phreatic eruptions occurred.
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It was named for Italian mineralogist Federico Millosevich (1875–1942) of the University of Rome. The mineral is mainly known from burning coal dumps, acting as one of the main minerals forming sulfate crust. It can be also found in volcanic solfatara environments.Chesnokov B. V. and Shcherbakova E. P. 1991: Mineralogiya gorelykh otvalov Chelyabinskogo ugolnogo basseina - opyt mineralogii tekhnogenesa.
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Naples Metropolitan Railway service are two independent companies that operate a commuter rail system in Naples. The first one, Trenitalia, operates line 2 from Pozzuoli Solfatara to Gianturco station in East of Naples. The other one, EAV, operates the Circumvesuviana, Cumana, Circumflegrea and MetroCampania NordEst. In Italy, Naples is the only city possessing two independent metropolitan railway service companies.
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In Italian, a mefite is also a solfatara or fumarole (i.e., a gaseous fissure) associated with the Roman goddess Mefitis. The feature giving rise to this term is located in Italy along the Via Appia between Rome and Brindisi. There, the ancient Romans would rest on their travels and pay homage to the goddess by performing animal sacrifices using the fissure's deadly gases.
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Sulfur at the Solfatara crater Topographic relief map The Phlegraean Fields ( ; , from Greek , "to burn") is a large volcano situated to the west of Naples, Italy. It was declared a regional park in 2003. The area of the caldera consists of 24 craters and volcanic edifices; most of them lie under water. Hydrothermal activity can be observed at Lucrino, Agnano and the town of Pozzuoli.
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A solfatara area in Mt. Mandalagan. Elevation is 1885 metres (6,184 feet), with a base diameter of 26 kilometres. Mandalagan is a deeply dissected complex volcano, with a highly altered volcanic dome. Volcanic activity is reported to include seven volcanic centres, at least five craters and/or calderas up to 2 km in diameter, and a vigorous solfataric area at the highly altered volcanic dome structure.
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In 2004 the boardwalk was routed around the dangerous area and now leads behind Porkchop Geyser.For the whole paragraph: Yellowstone Resources and Issues: 2006, pages 190–191 Overview of Artists' Paintpots. North of Norris, Roaring Mountain is a large, acidic hydrothermal area (solfatara) with many fumaroles. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the number, size, and power of the fumaroles were much greater than today.
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In 2004, under the pen name Maciej Nawariak, he published his first novel According to Her. In 2015 his second historical novel, Solfatara, appeared and next year it was awarded The Witold Gombrowicz Literary Prize and the title of Book of the Year of the Warsaw Premiere of Literature, as well as shortlisted for Angelus Award. In 2019, Hen's third novel, Deutsch for Intermediates, was published by Wydawnictwo Literackie.
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Geureudong or Bur ni Geureudong or Bur ni Telong is a stratovolcanic complex in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The official name of the whole complex is confusing between the two adjacent volcanoes: Bur ni Geureudong and Bur ni Telong. Two other volcanic cones are Salah Nama and Pepanji, and there are small sediment hills. Bur ni Geureudong has been eroded since the Pleistocene age, but has solfatara and hot springs on its flanks.
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There are also effusive gaseous manifestations in the Solfatara crater, the mythological home of the Roman god of fire, Vulcan. This area is monitored by the Vesuvius Observatory. The area also features bradyseismic phenomena, which are most evident at the Macellum of Pozzuoli (misidentified as a temple of Serapis): bands of boreholes left by marine molluscs on marble columns show that the level of the site in relation to sea level has varied.
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Unfortunately, while visiting Sossius in jail, he too was arrested. He and his colleagues were condemned to be thrown to wild bears in the Flavian Amphitheater at Pozzuoli, but the sentence was changed due to fear of public disturbances, and they were instead beheaded at the Solfatara crater near Pozzuoli. Other legends state either that the wild beasts refused to eat them, or that he was thrown into a furnace but came out unscathed.
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T. kodakarensis was isolated from a solfatara near the shore of Kodakara Island, Kagoshima, Japan. The isolate was originally named Pyrococcus kodakarensis KOD1, but reclassified as a species of Thermococcus, based on 16S rRNA sequence. Early research with T. kodakarensis was directed mostly at its thermostable enzymes, but its relative ease of handling and genetic manipulation facilitated by natural competence has made it an attractive system for the study of several biological processes.
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Their steam plumes were visible at distances of ; later reporting indicated visibility to distances of . Another report in 1999 found a solfatara surrounded by clay and sulfur deposits that looked like a snowcap. A fumarole field was described on the west side of the southeast cone, the venting clearly visible from a refuge farther down the mountain and covering a surface area of . The name "Taftan" is derived from these exhalations, which make the mountain appear to be burning.
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In 305, the arena was the setting for the persecutions of the patron of Pozzuoli, Saint Proculus, and the patron saint of Naples, Saint Januarius. After surviving being thrown to the wild beasts in the arena, the two were beheaded at the nearby Solfatara. The Flavian Amphitheater is the second of two Roman amphitheaters built in Pozzuoli. The smaller and older amphitheater (Anfiteatro minore) has been almost totally destroyed by the construction of the Rome to Naples railway line.
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The system has nine camera gantries over the road, located eastbound at the Solfatara tunnel entrance, Agnano, Fuorigrotta, Arenella and Capodichino. On the westbound side the gantries are located at Camaldoli, Vomero, Fuorigrotta and Agnano. The camera system calculates a vehicles average speed between the gantries and coils embedded in the road measure a vehicle's speed as it passes the gantries. A map of the camera locations is available from the Tangenziale di Napoli website: Chilometria_Tutor_Tangenziale_di_Napoli.pdf.
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Napoli Piazza Amedeo is an underground rail station on the Villa Literno line in Naples, Italy. The station went into service September 20, 1925, with the activation of the railway from Naples to Pozzuoli Solfatara (the so-called "underground"). The station has a pavilion made of reinforced concrete which leads through a long tunnel leading to the turnstiles and the docks. The station is located in the Rione Amedeo, in the heart of Naples' wealthy, near nightlife.
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At Gapang Beach (Gapang is name of a kind of a tree), one hour from Balohan Port to the west, there are also underwater fumaroles which are suitable for diving and are called Hydrothermal Point. A volcanic cone is found in the jungle. There are three solfatara (mudpot) fields on the island: one is southeast of the summit and the others are and northwest of the summit, on the western shore of Lhok Perialakot bay. There are four islets surrounding Weh Island: Klah, Rubiah, Seulako, and Rondo.
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Thermoplasma volcanium is most closely related to Thermoplasma acidophilum. Thermoplasma acidophilum was also isolated from the same acidic hydrothermal vents and solfatara fields as Thermoplasma volcanium, indicating a similar relationship between the two and their extremophile characteristics. These two members of the genus Thermoplasma are highly motile, lack a cell wall, and have homologous histone- like proteins indicative of an evolutionary divergence from eukarya. DNA homologies were significantly different between the two species, which is one source of uniqueness between Thermoplasma volcanium and Thermoplasma acidophilum.
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Sulfur, a common mineral associated with volcanic activity, is the most important mineral found at Koh-i-Sultan A number of minerals are found at Koh-i-Sultan; sulfur is the most important. Reserves were estimated in 1976 at of sulfur ore, of which were high-grade and low-grade ore. Sulfur is found on Sultan's southern flank, where it originated from solfatara activity. According to a 1975 report, about of 50-percent-sulfur ore were mined; the report indicated that between 1941 and 1944, of ore were produced.
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Solfatara Pozzuoli The Phlegraean Fields ( "burning fields") caldera is a nested structure with a diameter of around . It is composed of the older Campanian Ignimbrite caldera, the younger Neapolitan Yellow Tuff caldera and widely scattered sub-aerial and submarine vents from which the most recent eruptions have originated. The Fields sit upon a Pliocene - Quaternary Extensional domain with faults, that run North- East to South-West and North-West to South-East from the margin of the Apennine thrust belt. The sequence of deformation has been subdivided into three periods.
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Thiochoma canyon, Sousaki Sousaki () is a dormant volcano and modern solfatara field in northeastern Corinthia, Greece, at the northwest end of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. The volcano was active during the Pliocene and early Quaternary periods of the Earth's geological history. There is still significant solfataric activity at this location. The volcano erupted dacite lava.D’Alessandro, W. (2006) Gas hazard: an often neglected natural risk in volcanic areas, a chapter in Geo-Environment & Landscape Evolution II edited by Martin-Duque J.F., Brebbia C.A., Emmanouloudis D.E and Mander U., Southampton, WIT Press, pages 369-378.
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The area of Phlegraean Fields (Campi Flegrei), near Naples, is a collapsed caldera, namely a volcanic area formed by several volcanic edifices, which includes the Solfatara volcano, well known for its fumaroles. Campi Flegrei area is especially noted for bradyseismic uplift and subsidence. The inflation and deflation of this caldera is especially well documented due to its seaside location and a long history of habitation and construction in the area. In particular, the town of Pozzuoli features the Roman Macellum of Pozzuoli in which three marble columns show bands of boreholes or Gastrochaenolites left by marine Lithophaga molluscs.
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The vast works for the refining of sulfur in the volcanic district of Solfatara were erected under his direction. He afterwards made many journeys through the ancient Campania to illustrate its geology, and published in 1798 his Topografia fisica della Campania, which contains the results of much accurate observation. Breislak was a pioneer in the collection and analysis of volcanic gas.Morello, N. (editor) (1998), Volcanoes and History, Genoa, Brigati Breislak also published an essay on the physical condition of the seven hills of Rome, which he regarded as the remains of a local volcano, an opinion shown to be erroneous by the later researches of G. B. Brocchi.
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Thermoplasma volcanium is an extremophile, as is characteristic of most archaea. Thermoplasma volcanium is a highly motile (via flagella) thermoacidophilic archaea found in hydrothermal vents, hot springs, solfatara fields, volcanoes, and other aquatic places of extreme heat, low pH, and high salinity content. The lack of a cell wall in Thermoplasma volcanium is what allows it to survive and thrive in temperatures of 33-67 °C (optimal at 60 °C) and pH of 1.0-4.0 (optimal at 2.0). To amend the lack of a cell wall, a specialized cell membrane is present within the archaea species; the cell membrane is made up of ether-linked molecules of glycerol and fatty acids.
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Chatelaine upset the odds as she went to the front in the last quarter mile won by one and a half lengths from Solfatara, with the fast-finishing Fur Tor two lengths back in third place ahead of Brown Betty. Billy the goat, who had accompanied her to Epsom was reportedly there to greet her when she returned to her stable after the race. On her first appearance after her Epsom victory, Chatelaine was dropped back in distance for the Coronation Stakes over one mile at Royal Ascot and finished unplaced behind Betty. At York Racecourse in September Chatelaine finished second to the Epsom Derby runner-up King Salmon in the Great Yorkshire Stakes over fourteen furlongs.
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Mount Damavand and Haraz River are geographically located in north east of Tehran Mineral hot springs are mainly located on the volcano's flanks and at the base, giving evidence of volcanic heat comparatively near the surface of the earth. While no historic eruptions have been recorded, hot springs at the base and on the flanks, and fumaroles and solfatara near the summit, indicate a hot or cooling magma body still present beneath the volcano. The most important of these hot springs are located in Abe Garm Larijan in a village by the name Larijan in the district of Larijan in Lar Valley. The water from this spring is useful in the treatment of chronic wounds and skin diseases.
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The authorities discovered that these men were also Christians and they were thrown to the wild beasts as well, but as one modern account states, "...when the animals came near the Saints, they fell affectionately at their feet and refused to harm them.".Hieromartyr Januarius, bishop of Benevento, and his companions: Sosius, Proclus and Festus, deacons, Gantiol, Eutychius, Acutius, and Desiderius, at Puzzuoli (305) They were then condemned to be beheaded, along with Sossius. The deacon Proculus and the laymen Eutyches and Acutius protested this sentence while the other men were being led to their execution. As a result, these three were also decapitated with the others near the Solfatara, on September 19, 305.
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The total combined area of all of Kazbek's glaciers is 135 km². The best-known glacier is the Dyevdorak (Devdaraki), which creeps down the north-eastern slope into a gorge of the same name, reaching a level of 2,295 meters (7,530 feet). Kazbegi's other glaciers include the Mna, Denkara, Gergeti, Abano, and Chata. The recent collapse of the Kolka Glacier, located in a valley between Mt. Jimara and Kazbegi in the year 2002 was attributed to solfatara volcanic activity along the northern slope of the mountain, although there was no eruption. In addition to the 2002 event, a massive collapse of the Devdaraki Glacier on the mountain's northeastern slope which occurred on August 20, 2014, led to the death of seven people.
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With ninety percent of the damage done to the canals south of the international border, water rationing became necessary in Brawley and Imperial during the days following the earthquake spanning the restoration period. The canals brought water from the Mexican side of the border to the United States and supplied 3000 miles of irrigation waterways and ditches in the Imperial Valley. The primary trunkline was the Alamo Canal and it sustained nine breaks, each several hundred feet in length, along a twenty-mile stretch between Sharp's heading and Cudahy check. In Mexico, a long wooden flume was completely destroyed south of Mexicali where the Solfatara canal crossed the New River, and water storage tanks were destroyed at Imperial and Holtville.
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The legend conserved in the Atti Bolognesi states that during the persecutions carried out by Diocletian, Januarius, bishop of Benevento, escaped from his see and traveled to Pozzuoli "incognito." However, his presence became known to Christians in the area, and Januarius maintained contact with a deacon of Miseno, Sossius, as well as the deacon Festus and the lector Desiderius. Sossius was soon discovered to be a Christian by the local authorities and he was condemned by the judge Dragontius, who condemned him to be killed by wild bears in the local amphitheater. Januarius, Festus, and Desiderius, on hearing of Sossius’ arrest, took a risk and visited him in prison at the sulphur mines of Pozzuoli, near the volcano of Solfatara.
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S. solfataricus is an extreme termophile Archea, as the rest of the species of the genus Sulfolobus, it has optimal growth conditions in strong volcanic activity areas, with high temperature and very acid pH, these specific conditions are typical of volcanic area as geyser or theraml springs, in fact the most studied countries where microorganism were found are: U.S.A (Yellowstone National Park), New Zealand, Island and Italy, notoriously famous for volcanic phenomena like these. A study conducted by a team of Indonesian scientists has shown the presence of a Sulfolobus community also in the West Java, confirming that high fears, low ph and sulfur presence are necessary conditions for the growth of these microbes. Fumarole of Solfatara volcano - Campania, Italy.
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Long-chain dicarboxylic acids containing vicinal dimethyl branching near the centre of the carbon chain have been discovered in the genus Butyrivibrio, bacteria which participate in the digestion of cellulose in the rumen. These fatty acids, named diabolic acids, have a chain length depending on the fatty acid used in the culture medium. The most abundant diabolic acid in Butyrivibrio had a 32-carbon chain length. Diabolic acids were also detected in the core lipids of the genus Thermotoga of the order Thermotogales, bacteria living in solfatara springs, deep-sea marine hydrothermal systems and high-temperature marine and continental oil fields. It was shown that about 10% of their lipid fraction were symmetrical C30 to C34 diabolic acids. The C30 (13,14-dimethyloctacosanedioic acid) and C32 (15,16-dimethyltriacontanedioic acid) diabolic acids have been described in Thermotoga maritima.
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The legend conserved in the Atti Bolognesi states that during the Diocletian persecutions, Januarius, bishop of Benevento, escaped from his see and traveled to Pozzuoli "incognito." However, his presence became known to Christians in the area, and Januarius maintained contact with Sossius, who was a deacon of Miseno, as well as the deacon Festus and the lector Desiderius. Legend says Januarius, with whom he studied to become a priest, predicted the martyrdom of Sossius when he saw a luminous red light and a dove hover over his head while he read the gospel at mass. Sossius was soon discovered to be a Christian by the local authorities and he was condemned by the judge Dragontius, who condemned him to be killed by wild bears in the local amphitheatre. Januarius, Festus, and Desiderius, on hearing of Sossius’ arrest, took a risk and visited him in prison at the sulphur mines of Pozzuoli, near the volcano of Solfatara.
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