The Jats occupy an ambiguous position in India's social hierarchy.
|
|
This is a feature of the fish community's social hierarchy.
|
|
It's their way of establishing a social hierarchy within their flock.
|
|
There is a strict social hierarchy in place that is unspoken.
|
|
It's the cosmetic application of identity politics to an ancient social hierarchy.
|
|
Followers, your place in a social hierarchy and how you measure that.
|
|
There's always that kind of social hierarchy in school all the time.
|
|
Social hierarchy is very important in East Asian cultures, particularly in business.
|
|
Our brains are built for maintaining our status in a social hierarchy.
|
|
Each stage of Facebook's rollout expanded it a rung down the social hierarchy.
|
|
Something causes the social hierarchy to reshuffle, with some social class losing out.
|
|
The social hierarchy is long past due for revision: less creeps, more weird girls.
|
|
There are no smug jocks, mean girls, or other antiquated tropes about social hierarchy.
|
|
In contrast, the West Coast was nimble, networked, and decentralized, with little social hierarchy.
|
|
But the authors theorized that social hierarchy might have something to do with it.
|
|
His angst is real, as are the gradations of social hierarchy that cause it.
|
|
Nietzsche believed the lower you ventured on the social hierarchy, the less suffering mattered.
|
|
Hopefully an end to binaries and a lack of social hierarchy in the LGBTQ community.
|
|
Yes, and Marcus gets a very Mean Girls-esque explanation of his new school's social hierarchy.
|
|
When the school year resumes after their summer fling, social hierarchy threatens to keep them apart.
|
|
Survival requires an understanding of roles within the social hierarchy, and intuition of what others are thinking.
|
|
Grammars are seen as a ladder by which clever, poor children can climb up the social hierarchy.
|
|
They were defined by the presence or absence of social hierarchy, and the rate of social mobility.
|
|
And the higher a man rises in the social hierarchy, the more himpathy he tends to attract.
|
|
But it turns out that without an obvious social hierarchy we all get to feel equally powerless.
|
|
Keeping track of a social hierarchy is one thing, whereas solving a physical puzzle is something else entirely.
|
|
By and large, there are people who believe very strict hierarchy: biological hierarchy, racial hierarchy, and social hierarchy.
|
|
The establishment, in the experiment, was siding with anti-sexual assault crusaders against the university's traditional social hierarchy.
|
|
Medieval European feudalism instituted a social hierarchy and division of labor based on kinship, similar to the caste system.
|
|
You don't know what's going to happen if it's not about the social hierarchy, gender domination or intellection domination.
|
|
Around the same time, people started to build more complex houses, and the beginnings of a social hierarchy emerged.
|
|
The implication is that these people couldn't imagine an Asian family having money or outranking them in the social hierarchy.
|
|
Multiple times throughout the movie, Cady finds herself replacing the social hierarchy before her with a literal Darwinian food chain.
|
|
According to the Rig Veda, this division of labor is not predicated on a social hierarchy or dictated by bloodline.
|
|
The Roman plebeians class represented builders, bakers, and common laborers that were one step above slaves on the social hierarchy.
|
|
This group is not a monolith, but its social hierarchy often functions like the military, a university or private business.
|
|
But rulers have used Confucianism, today no less than a thousand years ago, to support social hierarchy and autocratic rule.
|
|
It was enforcement of a social hierarchy in which place, privilege and power are maintained through intimidation, threat and violence.
|
|
They all get a credential that entitles them to a higher place in the social hierarchy than they might have otherwise.
|
|
It's trying to embody how sorority can abolish social hierarchy but within a collective, small group with a kind of friendship.
|
|
According to a study from the Idiap Research Institute, eye contact shows a person's social hierarchy and dominance in a conversation.
|
|
Birds may broadcast their social hierarchy among song-sharing populations by allowing the dominant bird to pick the playlist and patterns.
|
|
Although many subplots are cheerfully thrown in and explored, Gelman shines brightest when describing the rigid social hierarchy of class parenting.
|
|
Caste was an ancient system of occupational class delineated in Hindu texts that over the years developed into a rigid social hierarchy.
|
|
Around 2010 American women without a college degree overtook similarly educated men when both self-assessed their place in the social hierarchy.
|
|
The people who are attracted to positions of authority appreciate social hierarchy, hold values that promote order, and desire inter-group connectivity.
|
|
Javert is the reverse, rising to prison officer and policeman, forcing his way up through the social hierarchy, but always feeling precarious.
|
|
Aristotle appealed to the "natural law" of social hierarchy to explain why women, slaves and animals were to be subjugated by intellectual men.
|
|
For those lower in the social hierarchy, there was the question of what would stop the bombings and where would it go next.
|
|
For an industry so desperate to maintain appearances, it's shocking that so much of this sexual social hierarchy must be learned through observation.
|
|
But laws guaranteeing ownership have been hamstrung by an entrenched social hierarchy, a rigid caste system and lack of political will, campaigners say.
|
|
Dalits are at the bottom of India's ages-old social hierarchy, making them vulnerable to attacks perpetrated by self-styled cow-protecting vigilantes.
|
|
In 19th-century England, the social hierarchy was as rigid in death as in life, with the wealthy buried closest to the church.
|
|
Will these technologies encourage the play of our better angels or exacerbate our all-too-human tendencies toward greed, jealousy, and social hierarchy?
|
|
The discovery is shedding new light on what life was like at this ancient work site, and the complex social hierarchy that likely existed.
|
|
The backdrop of Hannah and Zach's secret summer romance mirrors countless '80s teen classic set at a high school with a strict social hierarchy.
|
|
In such cases, physicians may be motivated not solely by the patient's best interests, but by other concerns: money, glamor, friendship, social hierarchy, prestige.
|
|
Bhatia says caste may have been to do with more than occupation: the darker you looked, the lower your place in the social hierarchy.
|
|
The Republican Party is committed to the maintenance of a grossly unequal social hierarchy that handicaps the poor for the circumstances of their lives.
|
|
Liu puts a magnifying glass where rural and urban China meet, where life is often caught between an established social hierarchy and new development.
|
|
Landless Dalits are at the bottom of the age-old social hierarchy, making them vulnerable to bias and deadly attacks by upper-caste Hindus.
|
|
The one-drop rule, which dates back to the 1600s, attempts to entrench a permanent social hierarchy, based on racial appearance, in American society.
|
|
It is the feeling that once-marginalized groups — women, immigrants, people of color — are now replacing white men at the top of the social hierarchy.
|
|
A study published in 2015 indicated that translocation can be particularly stressful for animals with an established social hierarchy, according to a Nature blog post.
|
|
Chandra Bhan Prasad, 58, was born into the Dalit Pasi community of pig rearers in northern India, considered untouchable in the ancient Hindu social hierarchy.
|
|
Dalits, formerly known as untouchables in the Hindu caste system, are at the bottom of the social hierarchy in neighboring India and face widespread discrimination.
|
|
Most animal conflicts aim at establishing a social hierarchy rather than causing lethal damage to opponents, which achieves the best cost-benefit for the group.
|
|
Typically students vote for who they want for homecoming king and queen, coveted titles in the social hierarchy of high schools all across the country.
|
|
Even below the lowest caste of laborers are the Dalits, so low on the social hierarchy that they are outside the formal structure of caste altogether.
|
|
All this suggests that the development of farming in the region led the locals around the Yellow River to develop a complex culture and social hierarchy.
|
|
Paramount's Heathers remake switches the classic social hierarchy seen in most high school television shows by making minority students the school bullies, instead of the victims.
|
|
And the merging of science fiction with social hierarchy only contributes to the film's excessiveness, and most of this falls on the shoulders of Smith's character.
|
|
Both the Jats and Patels rank fairly highly in India's social hierarchy, but fast population growth and a lack of jobs is fueling discontent among them.
|
|
Anna, 27You are so deeply uncool on every level, despite your extreme efforts to trample over everyone to reach the top of some invisible social hierarchy.
|
|
Tweens have to decide what a text might mean, and respond to an entire group of friends, while wondering where they fit in the social hierarchy.
|
|
The other side of this sinister coin is the view that interracial relationships will actually enforce, rather than undermine, the existing unjust and racist social hierarchy.
|
|
Meanwhile, he continued working his way up the nightlife social hierarchy, persuading Danceteria's owner Rudolf Piper to let him throw his own parties at the club.
|
|
By forcing itself into modern-day consciousness, "The Maids" reveals how little the social hierarchy has changed in the decades since Genet put pen to paper.
|
|
The place in space, history, and social hierarchy that we occupy is an accident of birth and a cage, Ishiguro shows—one that our humanity resists.
|
|
" As Coggin says: "An event like Frieze comes with a coded social hierarchy courting many archetypes: the Gallerist, the Artist, the Curator, the Collector, the Critic.
|
|
For young men struggling with prep-school expectations, a social hierarchy built on privilege and the explosion of teenage hormones, fitting into a tribe was essential.
|
|
The value of currency is virtual, our social hierarchy is virtual, and countries are virtual; those things are only reality because we believe they are reality.
|
|
The slogan on the poster is a reference to India's deeply entrenched caste system, an unofficial social hierarchy that has defined India's dominant Hindu society for centuries.
|
|
And if one objects to the ancient social hierarchy, one oughtn't to be placated by the fact that somebody with a different complexion has been recently imported.
|
|
I don't have a number, but until a social hierarchy based on racial appearance no longer has substantial benefits in America, the one-drop rule will persist.
|
|
As an Indian, I already knew that Dalits had long resided at the very bottom of the Indian social hierarchy and were continually subjected to discrimination and disenfranchisement.
|
|
Such care also extends to the supporting characters, their relationships to each other and to our heroines, and to the intricate rules that guide this entire social hierarchy.
|
|
Landless Dalits like Kunta are at the bottom of India's age-old social hierarchy, denied land ownership and facing slights and discrimination every day from upper-caste Hindus.
|
|
And her status as a cheerleader is mostly for show: an opportunity to wear a costume that announces, over and over again, her place in the social hierarchy.
|
|
It sucks enough for Sydney (Sophia Lillis) on Netflix's I Am Not Okay With This, as she copes with belligerent thigh acne, arbitrary social hierarchy, and unwanted crushes.
|
|
As in the film's towering modernist world, Monáe's city is black, white, and chrome and has a rigid social hierarchy — one that Cindi Mayweather has been born to disrupt.
|
|
Even though India today is a vibrant democracy, politics in the battleground state is still influenced by the Hindu caste system, a social hierarchy with its origins in antiquity.
|
|
The liberals who led Poland for much of the post-Soviet era, he argued, had made no effort at "changing the social hierarchy," which remained dominated by ex-Communists.
|
|
"New work has shown that females with many social allies can overtake other females with fewer social allies and ascend to higher positions in the social hierarchy," he said.
|
|
Royal tradition and colonial race science once afforded the Tutsi minority a superior place in Rwanda's social hierarchy, but Mukasonga grew up in the aftermath of this illusory privilege.
|
|
They weren't kids of the primary school variety, but fully-fledged, weird-smelling teens who gelled their hair and effortlessly fell into the top tier of a preordained social hierarchy.
|
|
If you didn't abide by what they said, you just fell out of their social hierarchy and I guess that's part of the toxic masculinity; there's a hierarchy amongst men.
|
|
Her photo essay, "Gentlemen" — which has recently been republished by Stanley/Barker — is a study of a certain type of Britishness: one that focuses on tradition, colonialism and social hierarchy.
|
|
Here, Tilikum is put into a tank with two other older and larger female orcas, Haida II and Nootka IV, leaving the male newcomer at the bottom of the social hierarchy.
|
|
The reactionaries who are attracted to Trump are, as numerous lines of research have demonstrated, more anxious than liberals and thus more prone to value order, stability, structure, and social hierarchy.
|
|
Some, like the British epidemiologist Michael Marmot, argue that the gradient emerges because of status at every rung of the social hierarchy: Health worsens as you go down the social ladder.
|
|
But it was still a high school, and there was a social hierarchy I felt I needed to actively climb in order to feel satisfied with my prospects and time there.
|
|
But enlightened or rational thinking is not enough, since the norms of thinking are already skewed by the structures of male privilege and social hierarchy, even down to the language we use.
|
|
In stark contrast to Western liberalism, Confucianism — and Chinese political culture more broadly — hinges not on individual rights, but on the acceptance of social hierarchy and the belief that humans are perfectible.
|
|
It was a kind of entertainment that was rooted in white supremacy and schadenfreude — demeaning others to secure and confirm one's place in the social hierarchy while finding pleasure in all that.
|
|
While all would identify tool making, tool use, and a higher social hierarchy, it is actually the fact that chimps (and Orangutans: Pongo pygmaeus) have self-awareness that makes them possible candidates.
|
|
There, they often encounter disease and mistreatment by dominant Bantu groups who, often physically bigger and higher up in the Central African social hierarchy, sometimes use them as cheap, even slavelike, labor.
|
|
She knows that these men want to reclaim their place above women on the social hierarchy — and as long as she has a place in this man-run society, she doesn't care.
|
|
They lack a structured social hierarchy, with men and women considered equal, and are renowned for their ancient polyphonic chorus, which is both borne of and a reflection of the forests they inhabit.
|
|
In 1993, India outlawed what it calls "manual scavenging", a practice that includes the barehanded cleaning of dry latrines, mostly by women and Dalits, who are at the bottom of Hinduism's social hierarchy.
|
|
In fact, the religious right consists of an alliance of several groups that, without experiencing anything like the oppression visited on black Americans, have consistently occupied lower rungs in the American social hierarchy.
|
|
In magazine Guerra al Crimen's "Usted es el juez" ("You are the judge") column, readers wrote in "to disclaim a justice system, which punished these victims of Mexico's unequal social hierarchy," Smith writes.
|
|
In a place where people who look like me were once conscientiously and methodically murdered to maintain a social hierarchy, it became clear that racial equity is not the elephant in the room.
|
|
"There is good reason to believe that Trump's statements — whether or not intended as such — do serve a strategic function," Kteily, who has published extensively on social hierarchy and power disparities, wrote back.
|
|
The intimately imagined social hierarchy and inner lives of the pachyderms are as layered — with spiritualism, intricate relationships among members of the herd and even poems and song — as any human family epic.
|
|
She and other students described a fierce social hierarchy that existed among the two schools — which have only about 2,000 students each — where one false step can cause a person to be ostracized.
|
|
Compared with rhetoric from the Tea Party or Goldwater-style conservatism before that, this brand doesn't emphasize strict readings of the Constitution or founding values so much as social order and social hierarchy.
|
|
The young woman who dominated the social hierarchy at her high school when she still lived at home is struggling with the responsibilities that come with being on her own in a new environment.
|
|
Our group was diverse, some were from respected families or even part of the royal family, some were from poorer families, and then there was me at the bottom of the school's social hierarchy.
|
|
In Kaala, Pa Ranjith takes on India's entrenched caste system, which he said is a key issue, as people fighting for land rights are often from the lower end of the strict system of social hierarchy.
|
|
It weaves throughout the social hierarchy and focuses on characters such as Dylan (who can swing from obnoxious to endearing in a single scene) and his prankster group the "Wayback Boys," student president Christa Carlyle (G.
|
|
"The design over all needed to be pyramidal in shape to reflect the social hierarchy of London, with it being more refined and affluent at the top and dirtier and poorer at the bottom," McGaugh said.
|
|
Mudbound is a period piece, set in the American South after World War II. Two families struggle against social hierarchy and try to keep their families alive as their dreams of farming fade before their eyes.
|
|
Yet, politically Mr Putin needs these technocrats to preserve a system in which entitlements, privileges and rents are allocated not according to law or merit but by access to resources and by position in the social hierarchy.
|
|
After the Scientific Revolution, priestcraft and superstition lost credibility, and after American independence, the French Revolution established hopes that liberty and equality for all were on the way, putting an end to material penury and social hierarchy.
|
|
With the latter comes a respect for authority and a social hierarchy (father above children because father is always right, Lakoff wrote, and in many scenarios the idea is extended to any authority over a non-authority).
|
|
IN from KOP PA explained how social media "likes" create a social hierarchy: This picture illustrates the standard at which people need to stand at to be famous or well known is receiving many likes and followers.
|
|
Victorian novels, certainly, are filled with high-hearted young people defying their parents' ideas about social hierarchy (especially when it comes to who qualifies as a suitable match), and sometimes smashing an heirloom to make a point.
|
|
There really are Trump enthusiasts who resent President Obama because he is black, and because his being black is symbolic of all the other ethnic groups and recent arrivals who threaten their place in the social hierarchy.
|
|
It was founded in 2002 by a non-profit group, Nirantar, that works in women's literacy and with low-caste Dalits, who are on the bottom rung of India's social hierarchy and find little representation in the media.
|
|
Gala night, which raises lots of cash for the Henry Street Settlement, is a major event with a finely gradated social hierarchy: How early you get in is determined by your charitable contribution, or your hunger to buy.
|
|
I hadn't yet gotten to the social hierarchy of high school, but was already able to recognize Cady's initial feeling of inadequacy thanks to the girls in my grade who were discovering hair dye, straighteners, and Aeropostale before me.
|
|
Though the experience allowed her a sneak peek behind the industry scenes and solidified her love of fashion (she spent hours studying poses and poring over magazines), it also made navigating the social hierarchy of high school pretty tricky.
|
|
The sentiment that markets are efficient and self-regulating – where the most astute and hardest workers are presumed to prosper while the least astute and laziest receive their "just rewards" – only serves the ideological device of maintaining social hierarchy.
|
|
The art world relies on preconceived notions of what it means and looks like to be "cultured," which provide a rubric for determining where various people belong on a social hierarchy, with the most cultured set at the top.
|
|
Early Muslims were often quite far down on the social hierarchy of the time -- many former or current slaves, women (treated especially poorly during that time), or they did not belong to tribes, all of which meant they had few protectors.
|
|
In a particularly smart early game twist, it even uses the resurrection mechanic as a vehicle for a metaphor about the ways those in power offload the costs of maintaining their status to those below them in the social hierarchy.
|
|
With a near-devotional following from tens of millions of people who, like her, belong to the bottom rung of India's social hierarchy, Mayawati is emerging as Modi's chief challenger in a key state election set for early next year.
|
|
Perhaps the most enduring and well-established finding, according to Renshon, is that status really matters: People who are perceived to be more important and influential, more respected by others or higher in their social hierarchy, get all sorts of benefits.
|
|
"Those who are familiar with the Saudi social hierarchy know very well that the thousands of tribes' leaders and provinces' notables spend directly and indirectly most of their allowances on hundreds of thousands of people they are responsible for," he wrote.
|
|
As in any caldron of attention seekers who live and work together in the same building, it's an atmosphere rife with cliquishness, jealousy, insecurity and the social hierarchy of high school, except everyone knows precisely how popular (or unpopular) you are.
|
|
This season, she's managing a new house, a new sense of self, a new boyfriend and new rumors that she's hooked up again with ex Whitney Sudler Smith — all while finding her place at the top of the social hierarchy, next to Patricia.
|
|
If you worked hard, respected your place in the social hierarchy, and conformed to community standards, you could expect to get a decent job, have the satisfaction of doing better than your own parents, and see your own kids do better than you.
|
|
If there's a shift in a social hierarchy, if there's anger—it's very important that people or non-human primates are able to pick up that emotional change, so that they'll be ready to adapt to the change, or a predator, or fear.
|
|
The things that appall feminists, however — aggressive opposition to abortion and contraception; documented histories of racism; hostility to LGBTQ rights — don't ruffle conservative white women too much, because the same social hierarchy that keeps white men in power serves white women, too.
|
|
Home prices may, unfortunately, be viewed as a measurement of success in life rather than merely of floor space, and fear of being priced out of housing may well be rooted in deeper broodings about maintaining a position in the social hierarchy.
|
|
Beginning with the discovery of Jason Blossom's dead body, the show challenges the idyllic façade of small-town America and tells a story of its protagonists trying to avoid being captured by the same social hierarchy and untrustworthy history of their parents.
|
|
His choice to center this story on two has-beens clinging by their fingernails to hold onto their position in Hollywood's social hierarchy is a poignant one, and it adds to much of the movie's glorious recreation of the feel of that period.
|
|
Just this year, Bong Joon-Ho's black comedy-thriller Parasite won critical acclaim (including the coveted Palme d'Or at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival) for its dark social commentary about the South Korean economy and its effects on the country's social hierarchy.
|
|
Why it matters: The various levels of attention and care given to each of the child's burial give scientists a better idea of the social hierarchy at the time and what life was like working at the quarry during the Thutmosid period (1493-1401).
|
|
If you're open to spirituality, this new moon references a religious awakening, as it gently harmonizes with power planet Pluto to encourage you to discover the truths of social hierarchy—it also squares off with Mars to push you to tweak your personal philosophy.
|
|
Cane River itself is a historically multicultural area in Natchitoches Parish in Louisiana, and the movie, in addition to being a Romeo-Juliet romance, deals with land swindles perpetrated against people of color, and "colorism"— that is, social hierarchy as dictated by skin tone.
|
|
Screenwriter Peter Barsocchini, who based the film on his daughter and most of her friends, turned to Grease for the film's main plot beats, including the existential conflict every teenager faces: Do you conform to your place within the rigid high school social hierarchy?
|
|
Such inability might be caused by neurological immaturity, as psychologists tend to assume, or it might be adaptive, as evolutionary biologists could argue, with young adults wrestling to establish their positions in the social hierarchy and to look good in the eyes of the opposite sex.
|
|
Actress Billie Dove in a football uniform on the cover of "The Flapper," 220 (Wikimedia Commons) The new girl featured in advertisements was the epitome of leisure who was pictured as being removed from rank and social hierarchy, although that was almost certainly not the case.
|
|
But nevertheless, over the course of many centuries and due to a variety of factors, a rigid caste system of social stratification developed in India that was based on status and kinship, with the priests at the top of the social hierarchy and the laborers at the bottom.
|
|
Landless Dalits are at the bottom of the age-old social hierarchy, making them vulnerable to discrimination and attacks by upper-caste Hindus, including recent ones by hardline "gau rakshak" vigilantes who have lynched them on suspicion of eating beef or transporting cows, which they regard as sacred.
|
|
Where Westworld is an emblem of the colonization of Native American land, this park represents Britain's takeover of the subcontinent, and the racial-social hierarchy is clearly encoded: Women in saris and men in turbans—the hosts—walk amidst people dressed in turn-of-the-20th-century British garb.
|
|
New York Times columnist Ross Douthat wrote a piece in May, "The Redistribution of Sex," arguing that a "right to sex" — that is, the right to have some sort of sexual intercourse regardless of where you fit in a social hierarchy — will eventually become an established part of a liberal society.
|
|
Building on the philosophies of Wilhelm Reich, Gilles Deleuze, and Michel Foucault, Lennard doesn't shy away from telling us the uncomfortable truth: Within each of us, she says, there lies a love of power, authority, and social hierarchy we must work to undo every day to live a non-fascist life.
|
|
I am not here to make the case that there is a new crisis in masculinity, or that we need to take special focus on redeeming our Millennial "lost boys"—the losers of a changing social hierarchy who posted once on 4chan as teenagers and turned into neo-Nazis as adults.
|
|
But as marchers blocked train tracks and highways, they also expressed deeper frustrations with both of India's major political parties, which they accuse of failing to improve the lot of the hundreds of millions of Indians who have traditionally been stuck at the bottom of the country's economic and social hierarchy.
|
|
It's not surprising, then, who is most attached to the consumption of animals: "Recent scientific studies confirm that those of us who hold authoritarian beliefs, who think social hierarchy is important, who seek wealth and power and support human dominance over nature, eat more meat than those who stand against inequality," Zaraska writes.
|
|
Jensen's observation that "violence done by those lower on the [social] hierarchy to those higher is unthinkable, and when it does occur is regarded with shock, horror, and the fetishization of the victims" made a really strong impression on me, including shoring up my skepticism of the moralization happening in the last book.
|
|
Peter Kavinsky, our heroine's love interest and "King of the Cafeteria," is on the lacrosse team, which makes sense, even translated from Virginia to Oregon—my high school had a lacrosse team, and it was always the LAX bros who occupied the top of the social hierarchy, taking the hallowed position that might have been traditionally held by the football team.
|
|
Ayesha Singh visually overlays the arched hallways of the palace with architectural sculptures that borrow from Gothic, Indo-Saracenic, Victorian, Mughal, sacred Hindu, and Brutalist architectural styles found in India and the UK. Her two sculptures, "Hybrid Drawings" (1) and (2) from 2018, investigate evidence of colonialism and social hierarchy embedded in the ornamentation, design, and materials of architectural facades in India.
|
|
It's held in a scenic lodge, there are a lot of cozy sweaters and puffy vests and stress about social hierarchy, and everyone pretends they're there for one reason (in the case of the kids, to ski; in the case of the adults, to attend panels and innovation-themed nature walks) when they are really there for another (to touch each other/ do world-changing corporate mergers).
|
|
Both Bach's music and his Calov notations put powerful stress upon: (1) contempt for human reason, along with the exalting of biblical revelation as the proper arbiter of truth; (2) disparagement of notions of human autonomy and achievement, along with the exalting of dependence on God, including for one's position in the social hierarchy; (3) contempt — explicit or implicit — for Judaism, Catholicism and Islam, along with the exalting of orthodox Lutheranism; (4) disdain for foreigners, along with the exalting of German faithfulness and goodness; and (5) the emphatic exalting of monarchical power, as authorized not by the people but by God.
|
|