"I'm now beginning to question whether certification is the route for smallholders," said Simon Lord, chief sustainability officer at Sime Darby Plantation and former chair of the RSPO smallholders' working group.
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Smallholders account for about 40 percent of Indonesia's palm output.
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Smallholders account for about 40 percent of its palm output.
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But smallholders like Kasno have been left behind, say industry officials.
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Soon the smallholders were planting their own fields the same way.
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Most of those coffee farmers are smallholders, according to World Coffee Research.
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Growing oil palm promised big profits 25 years ago but has turned out to be a "false dream" for many smallholders, said Marianne Martinet of The Forest Trust, a non-profit that works with large plantations, consumers and smallholders.
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"If you get production of smallholders up, you can raise their income and allow them to reinvest in the farm…these smallholders can be part of a solution (to food security) in some parts of the world," he said.
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The Rwandan government's policy is to encourage smallholders to grow more valuable crops.
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Everyone—smallholders, herders, merchants—had to be involved and convinced it would work.
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It could ruin millions of pig-rearing smallholders in places just like Waijinggou.
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Meanwhile squeezed smallholders farm their shrinking plots too intensively, degrading already poor soils.
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Smallholders account for about 40% of global production but little is known about them.
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Between 5603,000 and 100,000 smallholders sold their green pods to middlemen known as "collectors".
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Acre Africa, based in east Africa, offers smallholders insurance for their crops and animals.
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Urban farmers' tractors are hired by smallholders to process maize or plough the fields.
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They fret that conservation measures would harm smallholders—individual farmers with just a few acres.
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I saw an opportunity to develop a new approach that could support the vulnerable smallholders.
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The sort of fence most Kenyan smallholders can afford is too flimsy to exclude an elephant.
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Lack of demand has muted the hype around index insurance, an innovative way to cover smallholders.
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After 2012 clear-cutting by industrial-scale palm oil plantations dropped, but smallholders felled more trees.
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If smallholders' market share grew, that would be good for development but bad for the environment.
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Indonesia's Environment Ministry spokesman Djati Witjaksono Hadi said smallholders, "not companies", owned plantations in national parks.
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Smallholders currently account for roughly 40 percent of Indonesia's 12 million hectares of palm oil plantations.
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The companies have expanded rapidly over the last year, seeking to grab market share from smallholders.
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Smallholders produced about 1,000 tons of crude palm oil last year, worth approximately $470,000, he adds.
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But he said some sectors, such as European smallholders and uncompetitive small businesses, could lose out.
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But he worries about the hundreds of smallholders on Kifuku's southern borders: "They're really on their knees."
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RSPO has certified 2,919 independent smallholders in Indonesia, its data showed, covering 7,272 hectares of cultivation area.
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Subsidised fertiliser intended for smallholders has often been resold at market rates with middlemen pocketing the profit.
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As a result, there is skepticism around whether it's possible to build sustainable enterprises for insuring smallholders.
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But Umanah does acknowledge that investment will be required to make training and equipment for smallholders viable.
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Smallholders across the region often live in poverty and have only a basic education level, industry officials said.
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Farm Africa and its partners will help Tanzanian and Ugandan smallholders store their surpluses of rice, maize and beans.
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And the large pool of poor smallholders on the island provides abundant workers to grow this labour-intensive plant.
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But rural roads will have to improve, as well as rural phones, if smallholders are to obtain better prices.
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Smallholders get sound advice from an army of government-trained "farmer promoters" and from One Acre Fund, a large charity.
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Most are smallholders, or small-scale farmers whose families live on less than $2 a day, the World Bank reports.
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GM was established in large-scale farming in South Africa, but not among the smallholders who produce most African cotton.
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For many smallholders, who account for 60% of the country's coffee production, there just isn't enough money in beans anymore.
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Rawls argued that justice would be compatible with either democratic socialism or a "property-owning democracy" of roughly equal smallholders.
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The standards aim to reduce deforestation, preserve bio-diversity and respect the rights of plantation workers, smallholders and local communities.
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There are more than 2 million smallholders across Malaysia and Indonesia producing about 40% of the two nations' palm oil.
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The country collects levies to help finance its palm oil policies such as biodiesel subsidies and replanting programs for smallholders.
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Under the new regulation, the government will fund certification process by Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) for smallholders, he told reporters.
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Planters, especially smallholders, are instead being pushed to optimize the yield from existing areas under cultivation instead of expanding such areas.
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Smallholders manage modest, usually family-owned farms, which means they might not have the resources available to adapt to these climate changes.
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The second is that most of Africa's farming is done by smallholders who use outdated techniques and whose yields are already low.
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While there are large, successful farms on the continent, most farmers in sub-Saharan Africa are smallholders, cultivating an acre or less.
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Jakarta, which saw the pact as competition to the government's own standards, argued the agreement was too difficult for smallholders to comply with.
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Eventually, with more funding and training, the goal is to make it easier for smallholders to get RSPO certification and access international markets.
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By 2015, three-quarters of all Burkina Faso's production was GM, and it became a showcase for the technology among smallholders in Africa.
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Whereas most smallholders keep some of the previous year's crop to plant, as they have done for generations, she buys improved hybrid seeds.
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The RSPO is reviewing how to simplify its certification process and standards for smallholders, said Majail, a process likely to be finalised by November.
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On its website, the group says it is working with smallholders and other stakeholders along the supply chain to achieve sustainable palm oil production.
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Raphael Laizer, a government official who moved into farming, remembers paying smallholders to plant maize on his fields, insisting on precise distances between seeds.
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That holds true elsewhere too: FAO figures show smallholders in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa provide up to 80 percent of the food supply.
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Allan Hruska of the FAO hopes instead to teach farmers to use some of the techniques that smallholders in the Americas have long used.
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The agreement has given traditionally marginalized smallholders, fishing communities and other rural workers a powerful new way to force conversations with officials, Duminicioiu said.
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Besides helping farmers achieve RSPO certification, the hope is that other smallholders will notice the gains made by participating growers, and change their methods too.
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The fires are often started by palm oil plantation and paper firms or by smallholders who use slash-and-burn practices to clear land cheaply.
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The most impactful anti-poverty tool in China was agricultural reform, which broke up collective farms and gave smallholders an economic stake in their farms.
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Many smallholders either lack the expertise to protect their animals or cannot afford the fencing and uncontaminated feed needed to keep the disease at bay.
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The campaign coincided with a long period of low prices that had already forced many smallholders, concentrated in southern provinces, to leave the business altogether.
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Starbucks, for example, has committed $13 million to help smallholders they do business with in Central America until coffee prices rise above their cost of production.
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Although the majority of Bolivia's farms belong to smallholders, 91 percent of the country's agricultural land is tied up in just 4 percent of the farms.
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Smallholders have seen monthly incomes drop as low as 1,000-2,13 ringgit ($256.81-$513.61) when palm prices were low, forcing many into debt over the years.
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Mah said Malaysia's ambassadors in the 28 EU member countries will raise objections and that he will work closely with Indonesia to protect the interests of smallholders.
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But in 2012, it certified a first batch of smallholders, and three years later, set up a working group to look at how best to help them.
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Along with other smallholders, Kyakunda is optimistic that the three-year European Union-funded project will enable her family to get more land and improve their livelihoods.
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The landmark pledge to cut deforestation, agreed in 2014, was seen as in direct competition with the government's own standards and too difficult for smallholders to comply with.
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The RSPO launched a two-year pilot project late last year, partly funded by UN Environment, which will train smallholders in Sabah, Malaysia and Central Kalimantan in Indonesia.
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Such schemes train pockets of smallholders to adopt modern farming techniques and ensure workplace safety, as well as to avoid planting on peatland or burning during land clearance.
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Most smallholders belong to a co-operative, which skins, ferments and dries the coffee beans before passing them on to a miller that finishes the processing and grading.
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Some experts also worry that companies' new-found aversion to deforestation may be simply reducing the price of forest land, which is in turn bought by smallholders and cleared.
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The southern state of Tamil Nadu has also waived farm loans, while the western state of Maharashtra and northern state of Punjab are considering writing off loans to smallholders.
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Cutting out middlemen seems not to have done much for smallholders: studies suggest that the share of international prices received by coffee farmers has barely budged over the past decade.
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Session 403: 11:40am – 12:40pm FoodHubs: Uses mobile solar powered cold carts and cold rooms to help smallholders farmers store their produce, so as to avoid post harvest losses.
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Millions of smallholders in Asia miss out on new, resilient seeds that could improve yields in the face of climate change, according to the Netherlands-based Access to Seeds Foundation.
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JAKARTA (Reuters) - Indonesia to issue a new palm sustainability regulation to give greater support for smallholders to get sustainability certificates, Coordinating Minister of Economic Affairs Darmin Nasution said on Wednesday.
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Mr Jayne and other researchers find that in Kenya, Malawi and Zambia (though not in Ghana) most medium-sized farms were not built by successful smallholders but bought by urbanites.
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The curbs also threaten to disrupt the livelihoods of foreign workers and 650,000 smallholders, Nageeb added, saying the industry should be considered essential, as its output goes into cooking oil.
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In the post-Suharto era, it was private business capitalizing on free markets, and the companies promised to share profits with the smallholders — the villagers — who gave up their land.
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The children of smallholders in Malaysia, who complain about a lack of entertainment and the difficulty of finding a partner in rural areas, often seek better-paid work in urban areas.
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That could lead to layoffs as the harder-hit smallholders, which account for 40 percent of Indonesia's output, are forced to sell land to bigger firms looking to expand, they said.
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"The priorities of smallholders, in most cases, (are) to put food on the table," said Carl Bek-Nielsen, chief executive director of United Plantations, which has palm plantations in Malaysia and Indonesia.
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Even if the BJP's bung to farmers manages to get round the problem that many lack clear land titles, it will do nothing for landless labourers, who are often poorer than smallholders.
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Only 78,000 smallholders are certified by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), a body of consumer organizations, environmental groups and plantation firms that aims to make the industry greener and more ethical.
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But some say achieving RSPO certification is too costly and complicated for most smallholders, citing the remoteness of plantations, the number of middlemen in the supply chain and the scale of monitoring required.
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The official said he had heard reports that some smallholders had been dumping the corpses of infected pigs into the Danube, suggesting the highly contagious virus might have been spread by river water.
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However, a government official said in September that the country can only replant 180,000 hectares of plantation area per year, due to difficulties smallholders faced in proving they were eligible for the scheme.
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The findings are likely to fuel political tensions over the annual blight on the region, which is driven by Indonesian smallholders or plantation owners clearing land for farming and palm oil or paper production.
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Doug Hawkins of Hardman Agribusiness, an advisory firm, says that most cocoa is produced by smallholders who have not increased supply in recent years as much as other commodity producers, helping push up prices.
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Luis Herrera Estrella, the director of the National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity in Guanajuato State, said that the gourmet maize market had the potential to provide a livelihood for, say, 20 percent of smallholders.
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Indonesia wants big palm oil companies to row back on the historic pledges made at a climate change summit in 2014, arguing that they are hurting smallholders who cannot afford to adopt sustainable forestry practices.
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Progress need not mean turfing millions of smallholders off the land, as some had feared—though by making them richer it may yet give them and their children the means to move, should they wish.
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Last year One Acre Fund's large network of instructors, farmers themselves, taught some 305,000 more east African smallholders skills such as carefully spacing seeds so as to maximise productivity and measuring fertiliser using bottle caps.
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The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) estimates that sub-Saharan Africa has about 35m hectares of maize grown by smallholders, and that almost all of it is now infested or at risk of infestation.
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She is now working with local groups to see whether the U.N. declaration can be used to convince the government to provide smallholders with access to finance, help with marketing their crops and other resources.
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Farmers Unite says on its website it is a global coalition of oil palm small farmer associations and other supporting organizations, and that it speaks for more than 7 million oil palm smallholders across the world.
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Farmers Unite says on its website it is a global coalition of oil palm small farmer associations and other supporting organisations, and that it speaks for more than 7 million oil palm smallholders across the world.
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The southwestern forests - thought to be coffee's birthplace and the center of its genetic diversity - have long been a frontier for agriculture expansion, in the form of either large-scale clearances or piecemeal encroachment by smallholders.
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The majority of farmers in these countries are smallholders using traditional farming methods, who do not have the financial safety nets to invest in new crops which may improve yields in years to come, Hewston said.
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"We need to preserve this biodiversity, this crop diversity, to provide healthy diets and nutritious foods, and for providing farmers, especially smallholders, with sustainable livelihoods so that they can adapt to new conditions," Schmitz told Reuters.
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"We are optimistic with joint implementation of these measures, rubber price will recover and continue to be fair and remunerative to all smallholders and other stakeholders in the natural rubber industry," the ITRC said in the statement.
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Before mobile-phone usage exploded across Africa, starting a venture such as this on a shoestring would have been impossible—the costs of communicating with the thousands of smallholders who grow the trees would have been prohibitive.
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JAKARTA (Reuters) - A global palm oil industry watchdog is planning a separate standard for smallholders to help them adopt sustainable practices and get green certification, the Indonesian director of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) said.
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"While agricultural output and exports are growing in the Mekong as a result of the concessions, the benefits have not reached smallholders and indigenous people," said Micah Ingalls at the Center for Development and Environment in Vientiane.
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At the same time, they collected data on the smallholders themselves - about which crops they grew, their historical yields and how many people they employed, as well as sketches of their farmland using the Global Positioning System (GPS).
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"If we want to drive more production with the same land - improve productivity (and) minimize deforestation - the way to go about it is to work with the smallholders," said Girish Deshpande, a global business planner at P&G.
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Now, almost eight years after the war ended, hundreds of smallholders are pinning their hopes on the newly-minted Right to Information (RTI) Act to unearth details of who owns the land on which they live and work.
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Mr. López Obrador also launched one of his signature social programs in Tabasco, an effort to revive the abandoned countryside and bolster domestic production by paying smallholders to grow fruits and vegetables and plant fruit and timber trees.
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Indonesia is the world's biggest palm oil producer and smallholders account for roughly 40 percent of the country's 14 million hectares of palm plantations, and are often blamed for practices such as burning to clear land, causing forest fires.
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Smallholders, who account for about 40 percent of Malaysia's palm oil output, say the EU's move could threaten their livelihoods because prices will likely fall if supply that would normally go to Europe is left sloshing around the market.
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"We are protesting (the EU's call) ... as we will lose out," said Aliasak Ambia, president of the National Association of Smallholders, which has submitted a petition to the EU representative office in Kuala Lumpur in protest of the vote.
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David Kureeba from Friends of the Earth Uganda, a charity supporting the smallholders' legal case, said affected farmers should not only have been consulted but also offered first priority to buy their fields before they were sold to Bidco.
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Rawls was able to presuppose a state strong enough and with enough freedom of action to enforce democratic socialism, if that were what its citizens chose, or, if they preferred, to build a non-racist Jeffersonian democracy of smallholders.
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Stoll describes how outsiders did their worst to the agrarian smallholders of Appalachia: taking their land by fiat in the 19th century and later stripping the region's trees for lumber and violating its landscape in the extrication of coal.
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For all its complexity and importance, on every scale from that of smallholders to empires, at its heart the monsoon is something fairly simple: a season-long version of the sea breezes familiar to all those who live by coasts.
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But though development means progress to many—to corporations selling projects, to politicians who want to create jobs—to farmers and smallholders and indigenous people it often means destruction, not just of the land itself, but of the way they live.
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Malaysia's 21,23.8940 smallholders, who cultivate 40 percent of acreage dedicated to palm, fear they will bear the brunt of the EU ban, which William Simadiputra, an analyst at DBS Vickers, reckons could cost Malaysia about $500 million annually in export revenue.
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"I'm particularly concerned that smallholders won't be able to harvest enough crops to feed their own families through the year, let alone to sell what little they can in order to cover school fees and other household needs," Cousin said.
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Under the amendment, "it will not matter if the land is owned by smallholders or plantation giants, as long as there is a substantial fire the government will take control of the land," Wan Junaidi said at a press conference.
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"I'm particularly concerned that smallholders won't be able to harvest enough crops to feed their own families through the year, let alone to sell what little they can in order to cover school fees and other household needs," she said.
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Back in rural Johor, Malaysian navy veteran Farid Harith, 48, spotted a trend of smallholders leaving their land back in 2004, and now manages 70 plantations for owners who have moved to the cities or are too elderly to manage their crops.
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Extending to the smallholders and subsistence farmers of Africa and Asia the best of today's agricultural practices, in such simple matters as how much fertiliser to apply and when, would get humanity quite a long way towards a requisite 70% increase in output.
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The appetite for native maize offers hope to smallholders who have been hammered over the past 20 years by competition from cheap American corn and could save varieties that would otherwise disappear as farmers put down their tools and take off to El Norte.
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While studying at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, Matt Forti and Andrew Youn planned the One Acre Fund, a charity they launched in 0003 that lends to African smallholders so they can pay for agricultural training, equipment and high-yield seeds.
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JAKARTA, Sept 2000 (Reuters) - Indonesia could take at least 2247 years to complete a program of replanting palm-growing areas after a farm ministry official said it was revising down annual targets, due to difficulties smallholders faced in proving they were eligible for the scheme.
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P.H.: A primary goal of Drawdown is to help people who feel overwhelmed by gloom-and-doom messages see that reversing global warming is bursting with possibility: walkable cities, afforestation, bamboo, high-rises built of wood, marine permaculture, multistrata agroforestry, clean cookstoves, plant-rich diet, assisting women smallholders, regenerative agriculture, supporting girls' ongoing education, smart glass, in-stream hydro, on and on.
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"For the kind of agriculture that smallholders tend to engage in, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and parts of Latin America, there are a lot of barriers to the adoption of new technologies," said Kyle Murphy, a policy and agricultural development analyst at the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab at M.I.T. He added that robots like the TerraSentia may be more likely to help smallholder farmers indirectly, by promoting the development of better or more suitable crops.
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