In music, the term slap tonguing refers to a musician playing a single-reed instrument such as a clarinet or a saxophone employing a technique to produce a popping sound along with the note.
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The xaphoon is similar to the chalumeau, a European keyless single-reed instrument that was the ancestor of the clarinet, and has a comparable range. Although it has a complete chromatic scale, the maker considers it a primarily diatonic instrument, capable of playing well in a small number of keys.
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Two clarinet mouthpieces with ligatures. On the left, a silver Vandoren Optimum ligature (with interchangeable pressure plates), and on the right, a naugahyde Rovner wrap-around ligature. Both are displayed without reeds. A ligature is a device which holds a reed onto the mouthpiece of a single-reed instrument such as a saxophone or clarinet.
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The sipsi () is a clarinet-like, single-reed instrument used mainly in folk music and native to the Aegean region of Greece and Turkey. The word sipsi is possibly onomatopoeic. In ancient Greece, it was known as kalamavlos (καλάμαυλος), meaning cane-flute. The sipsi can be made of bone, wood, or reed, though the reed variant is most common.
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The dili tuiduk, дилли туйдук ( also dilli düdük, dilli tuyduk , dili tüidük, dilli tüidük ) is a Turkmen woodwind instrument. It is a clarinet-like, single-reed instrument used mainly in Turkmen folk music. Dilli-tuyduk These come in two kinds. In one, the reed end of the instrument is closed and in the other it is open.
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The reeds of alto (left) and tenor saxophones. They are of comparable dimensions to alto and bass clarinet reeds, respectively. A single-reed instrument is a woodwind instrument that uses only one reed to produce sound. The very earliest single-reed instruments were documented in ancient Egypt, as well as the Middle East, Greece, and the Roman Empire.
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Similar single-reed folk instruments with single, cylindrical tubes are found in many Arabic and European cultures throughout history. See Single-reed instrument, Albogue, Alboka, Diplica, Hornpipe, pibgorn, and Sipsi. A similar instrument called the xaphoon (also called "Maui bamboo sax" or "pocket sax") was developed by Hawaiian craftsman Brian Wittman. A similar instrument called the venova was created and sold by Yamaha Corporation in 2017.
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Musicians originally crafted reeds from cane using simple tools, a time-consuming and painstaking process. Specialized tools for cutting and trimming reeds by hand reduce the time needed to finish a reed. Today, nearly all single-reed instrument players buy manufactured reeds, though many adjust them by shaving or sanding. Some professionals make single reeds from blanks, but this is time-consuming and can require expensive equipment.
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Dances of Galánta is in five sections, lasting a total of about 16 minutes. It is scored for two flutes, piccolo, two oboes, two clarinets in A, two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, timpani, triangle, glockenspiel, snare drum, and string orchestra. The clarinet is particularly prominent, representing the traditional tárogató (a type of single-reed instrument). The piece recalls the two-part slow-fast structure of the traditional verbunkos music: it opens with a slow introduction moving to a clarinet cadenza and andante maestoso section, followed by four fast dance sections.
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Diplica or diplice is a single-reed instrument from the Balkans, which has been playing in different forms through many parts of Croatia, but now survives mainly in the Baranya region. Diplicas are double-clarinets. The widespread practice of playing wind instruments in pairs led to the development of the double, or even triple or quadruple, clarinets. Most were double clarinets, with two tubes of reed firmly tied or glued together in a parallel position where one of the tubes functions as a drone. Instruments of this kind can be traced back to approximately 2700 BCE in Egypt, where they were originally called ‘memet’.
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