The mutation makes the molecule warp into a rigid sickle shape.
|
|
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a single gene mutation that makes the body produce red blood cells in a "sickle" shape, instead of the regular one, which looks kind of like a jelly donut with a dent in the middle.
|
|
The forefeet have five claws, with the middle claw being greatly enlarged into a sickle shape. They have been described as possessing a pungent, musky odor.
|
|
The Surti is a breed of water buffalo found in the Charottar tract of Gujarat between the Mahi and Sabarmati rivers. The best animals of this breed are found in Anand, Kaira and Baroda districts of Gujarat. Sickle shape horn is the characteristic feature.
|
|
Mating couple Staria lunata can reach a length of . These shield bugs are mainly brown. Head, thorax, lateral tergites and abdomen have light erect hair. They have three bright calluses at the base of a rather rounded the scutellum, that shows at the lower end a whitish sickle shape marking.
|
|
The female is more full bodied and the male has a larger dorsal fin. The male is distinguished by longer extended dorsal and anal fins. The dorsal fin is elongated into a sickle shape that arches to the length of the tail base. The female has a shorter rounded fin.
|
|
An adult E. inaron deposits its eggs on the ash whitefly, where it develops inside. Inside the abdomen of the ash whitefly, the larvae begins to grow and have a sickle-shape. Before the end of development, the adult E inaron bursts out of the ash whitefly, thereby killing it. Maturation takes roughly three weeks.
|
|
Dicranoloma dicarpum plants are dull to bright green in colour, growing to form cushions or tufts. Stems are often branched, and range from 0.5-7.5 cm tall. The leaves are 3.0-12.4 mm long and 0.5-0.16 mm wide. They are falcate (curved into a sickle shape), spirally twisted, and taper to a pointed tip.
|
|
Sickle Ridge () is a ridge in East Antarctica. The ridge has a distinctive sickle shape. The Murcray Heights cluster of peaks is located at its far south end. Named descriptively by New Zealand Geographic Board (1994) following work in the area in the 1987-88 field season by New Zealand Geographic Board geologist Alan Sherwood.
|
|
At first glance, Ovalipes catharus appear to be fairly similar to many other crabs. Paddle crabs have a hard shell, or carapace and ten legs, five to each side. The first set of legs of the crab is tipped with large claws. The claws of the paddle crab are fairly long and narrow and are curled in a sickle shape.
|
|
The longfin yellowtail has a less elongated, more flattened body than most jack species. Their dorsal fin and anal fins are elongated, and their outer edges have a definite sickle shape. The first rays of the almaco dorsal fin's longest parts are nearly twice as long as the dorsal spines, also different from other jacks. They reach a typical length of , sometimes reaching and .
|
|
Overdominance occurs if the heterozygote phenotype has a fitness advantage over both homozygotes (heterozygote advantage, causing heterosis). One example is sickle cell anemia. It is due to a mutation in the hemoglobin gene leading to sickle shape formation of red blood cells, causing clotting in blood vessels, restricted blood flow, and reduced oxygen transport. At the same time, the mutation confers resistance to malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are passed off in red blood cells after transmission to humans by mosquitoes.
|
|
Apollonius of Rhodes depicts the island in Argonautica as a place visited by the Argonauts. Jason and Medea were married there in 'Medea's Cave'. Apollonius named the island Drepane, Greek for "sickle", since it was thought to hide the sickle that Cronus used to castrate his father Uranus, from whose blood the Phaeacians were descended. In an alternative account, Apollonius identifies the buried sickle as a scythe belonging to Demeter, yet the name Drepane probably originated in the sickle-shape of the island.
|
|
Cyrtanthus falcatus, the falcate fire lily, is a species of flowering plant in the amaryllis family Amaryllidaceae from the Natal region of South Africa. A bulbous perennial growing to , it has glossy, strap-shaped leaves and erect burgundy-coloured stems. These bear umbels of 8-10 narrowly-flared, pendulous tubular flowers in shades of red, green and cream in spring and summer. The umbels are bent over in a curious crook or sickle shape (hence The Latin specific epithet falcatus, “shaped like a sickle”).
|
|
The invasive apparatus of this species consists of non-adhesive, crescent-shaped conidia that are ingested by hosts and lodge in the esophagus or gut. The sickle shape of the conidia is also contributes to the ability of the fungus to pierce through the host cuticle. In the laboratory, cultures of the fungus can be cultivated on agar containing yeast hydrolysate or glucose, though growth is much slower on glucose. The fungus grows rapidly on water-agar and produces chlamydospores, implying an oligotrophic physiology.
|
|
This changes codon 6 from encoding the amino acid glutamic acid to encoding valine. This change in the primary structure of the hemoglobin B subunit polypeptide chain alters the functionality of the hemoglobin multi-subunit complex in low oxygen conditions. When red blood cells unload oxygen into the tissues of the body, the mutated haemoglobin protein starts to stick together to form a semi-solid structure within the red blood cell. This distorts the shape of the red blood cell, resulting in the characteristic "sickle" shape, and reduces cell flexibility.
|
|
The Ruhn Hills are located mainly on the Mecklenburg territory in the district of Ludwigslust-Parchim. Their eastern foothills extend into the district of Prignitz on Brandenburg soil. The ridge lies around 15 kilometres south-southeast of the town of Parchim and runs in a sickle-shape around the main village in the municipality of Marnitz and about 2 kilometres from it. On the western slopes of the ridge, which is about twelve kilometres long and only a few kilometres wide, rises the Löcknitz, a tributary of the River Elbe.
|
|
Sickle cell anemia is a pleiotropic disease because the expression of a single mutated HBB gene produces numerous consequences throughout the body. The mutated hemoglobin forms polymers and clumps together causing the deoxygenated sickle red blood cells to assume the disfigured sickle shape. As a result, the cells are inflexible and cannot easily flow through blood vessels, increasing the risk of blood clots and possibly depriving vital organs of oxygen. Some complications associated with sickle cell anemia include pain, damaged organs, strokes, high blood pressure, and loss of vision.
|
|
Photomicrograph of normal- shaped and sickle-shape red blood cells from a patient with sickle cell disease Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that causes deformed red blood cells with a rigid, crescent shape instead of the normal flexible, round shape. It is caused by a change in one nucleotide, a point mutation in the HBB gene. The HBB gene encodes information to make the beta-globin subunit of hemoglobin, which is the protein red blood cells use to carry oxygen throughout the body. Sickle cell anemia occurs when the HBB gene mutation causes both beta-globin subunits of hemoglobin to change into hemoglobinS (HbS).
|
|
Normally, red blood cells have a very flexible, biconcave shape that allows them to move through narrow capillaries; however, when the modified haemoglobin S molecules are exposed to low amounts of oxygen, or crowd together due to dehydration, they can stick together forming strands that cause the cell to distort into a curved sickle shape. In these strands, the molecule is not as effective in taking or releasing oxygen, and the cell is not flexible enough to circulate freely. In the early stages of malaria, the parasite can cause infected red cells to sickle, and so they are removed from circulation sooner. This reduces the frequency with which malaria parasites complete their life cycle in the cell.
|
|
The Heilbronn Hills forms the northwestern foothills of the Löwenstein Hills in the west- northwestern part of the Swabian-Franconian Forest. The region extends from north to south, bulging eastwards in a sickle-shape around the city of Heilbronn. In the north and northeast it is bounded by the valley of Weinsberger Tal on the far side of which is the Sulm Plateau. To the east on the other side of the valley of the Stadtseebach (Saubach) are the west- northwest foothills of the Mainhardt Forest, to the southeast the range transitions into the Lowenstein Hills themselves and in the southwest, west and northwest they descend in keuper escarpments into the Neckar Basin.
|
|
He was later named to the shortened list of players and was expected to be a starter alongside Jérémy Toulalan in the midfield. On 22 May, however, while training with the national team in the high-altitude commune of Tignes, it was announced that Diarra was dropping out of the squad due to his suffering severe intestinal pain and stomach cramps as a result of the altitude. A follow-up medical check revealed that Diarra would require rest for an indefinite period. His club, Real Madrid, later revealed that Diarra was resting at home following medical advice due to asthenic syndrome secondary to sickle-cell anemia, a genetic blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape.
|
|
Sickle cell trait describes a condition in which a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (is heterozygous), but does not display the severe symptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in a person who has two copies of that allele (is homozygous). Those who are heterozygous for the sickle cell allele produce both normal and abnormal hemoglobin (the two alleles are codominant with respect to the actual concentration of hemoglobin in the circulating cells). Sickle cell disease is a blood disorder wherein there is a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin protein of the red blood cells, which causes these cells to assume a sickle shape, especially when under low oxygen tension. Sickling and sickle cell disease also confer some resistance to malaria parasitization of red blood cells, so that individuals with sickle-cell trait (heterozygotes) have a selective advantage in environments where malaria is present.
|
|