Finally, they sent it down to the Linotype—the old racketing, reeking contraption for setting type from molten lead.
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With his old friend Connie Joerns serendipitously a co-worker, he stayed at Anchor for seven years, not only producing the art for 50 or so covers (all hand-lettered) but art-directing: doing layouts, pasting up mechanicals, setting type, all of which he learned on the job.
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This makes the setting type compounds harder and more time consuming to prepare, but they set quickly. Setting type compounds can be used at temperatures down to . Some drywall professionals use setting type mud for the first coat and a drying type for the thinner finish coat. Setting type compounds do not soften when they get wet, thus are better for moist environments, such as bathrooms.
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He was still setting type on the August issue of The Advance the day before he died.
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Greene worked on his father's newspaper as a boy, handling responsibilities that included delivering papers, sweeping floors, setting type, collecting bills, and proofreading.
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Setting type joint compounds come in powder form and are mixed with water immediately before use. This type contains plaster of paris and sets through a chemical hardening process rather than evaporation, which gives it an advantage in filling holes and gaps that would take many days to dry out and have shrinkage cracks using the drying compound. Setting type compounds are available in setting times ranging from 5 to 210 minutes and types that bond extremely well and are very hard and types that are soft and easy to sand. Once mixed with water, the setting type must be used before it sets; any leftover is wasted and if not enough is mixed, another batch is needed to finish the job, and all tools must be very clean or the compound may set up prematurely.
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He was a gifted writer, being in charge of editing the copy and galleys himself, and helping typeset in the printing room. He would sometimes write without using any sort of manuscript, simply setting type as he wrote. In fact, Burns described him as being a printer by trade. Others contributed to the second edition as well.
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Although the latter was now delayed for a second time, both books were certain to be published. In the meantime, Marquis, perpetually short of funds, moved to a small cabin on the property of his brother, Addie Marquis, in Bozeman. Here he spent some of his time setting type at a printing shop that employed his cousin, Nige Garrison, to whom he owed money.Weist, pp.
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Sami costume. Linnaeus is sometimes named as the lectotype of both H. sapiens and H. s. sapiens."as far as I know, there is no type material for Homo sapiens. To be fair to Linnaeus, the practice of setting type specimens aside doesn't seem to have developed until a century or so later." Bob Ralph, "Conforming to type", New Scientist No. 1548 (19 February 1987), p. 59.
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When Roy died on January 1, 1948, he was still the sole editorial writer and pressman using the old process of setting type by hand. Upon his father's death, Edwin M. Roy followed in his father's footsteps by remaining to write and publish The Voice. The Voice was finally updated to offset presses in November 1964. At some point in time, The Voice was scaled down to a tabloid.
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Mitchell has many revolutionary ideas. Despite The Globes precarious finances (it is printed on cheap materials at hand, including butcher paper), it instantly becomes very popular for the subjects it fearlessly tackles. When she visits its offices, she encounters Ottmar Mergenthaler, who is busy inventing the Linotype machine to automate the slow, laborious process of setting type by hand. She tries to recruit Mergenthaler for The Star, but fails.
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Though Dodsworth was the acquirer, he retained the JoC's name. The new paper became The Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, a name that was to be maintained through the 1990s. The merged paper benefited enormously from the Commercial's new presses and linotype machines, each of which could replace three or four men setting type by hand, one letter at a time. The papers also had complementary advertising support.
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The new century saw the Echo falling behind the times in its production methods. Established as a "leading daily newspaper", it was one of the last to still be setting type by hand in 1900. This changed in 1902, when Linotype lead-setting machines were brought in to set type mechanically. A landslide victory for the Liberal Party followed at the 1906 General Election, which heralded a new era for the Echo.
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The 1930s brought a redevelopment of interest with a mix of fine printing with quality material and crude leaflets from small hand-presses and mimeographs. Membership in associations has diminished to the hundreds in the United States and Canada and many are elderly as safety rules for motorized presses and hand-setting type have become lost arts. Citizen journalism and blogging have come with the advent of the internet, however. Retired Tampa Tribune reporter Leland Hawes is an aficionado.
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Die casting equipment was invented in 1838 for the purpose of producing movable type for the printing industry. The first die casting-related patent was granted in 1849 for a small hand-operated machine for the purpose of mechanized printing type production. In 1885 Otto Mergenthaler invented the Linotype machine, which cast an entire line of type as a single unit, using a die casting process. It nearly completely replaced setting type by hand in the publishing industry.
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Ready-mix joint compound is usually more forgiving than the setting type of joint compound. It can be used for as long a period of time as needed, and does not dry up unless left unattended for a long period of time, but must be kept from freezing. This type of compounds should be used at temperatures above and all of the materials should be a similar temperature. There are mainly three types of premixed joint compounds.
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The study was extensively cited and its outcomes led to health policy changes in Israel and abroad. Additional studies performed or led by Prof. Peleg brought about significant insights for the understanding of terror-related injury mechanisms, including the development of a new paradigm of injuries from terrorist explosions as a function of explosion setting type. Also among these are studies relating to characterization of injury patterns resulting from terror incidents and optimization of hospitals responses to mass casualty incidents.
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From the earliest days of machine printing, punctuation and Drop Capitals were indented slightly into the margin, as can be seen in the pages of the Gutenberg BibleGutenberg Bible in the British Library. Word-processing software lacks this attention to detail that could be achieved when manually setting type page by page, but professional page layout software like InDesign and Serif PagePlus can now achieve this with a fine level of adjustment over which letters to indent into the margin and by how much.
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An 1896 Mergenthaler Linotype stock certificate The invention of a machine to replace the labor-intensive task of setting type by hand had been tackled by many inventors during the 19th century. The most time consumed was not in creating the text, but in returning the characters to their proper position for future use. Mergenthaler solved this problem by placing a type mold for a letter on the side of a specially keyed matrix (with multiple matrix/molds available for any given letter). The linotype operator would type in a line of text.
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Giovanni is a lonely boy, whose father is away on a long fishing trip, while his mother is ill at home. As a result, the young Giovanni must undertake paid jobs before and after school, delivering papers and setting type at the printers, in order to provide food for his poor family. These adult responsibilities leave him with no time to study or socialize, and he is ridiculed by his classmates. Apart from Giovanni's mother and sister, the only person who really cares for him is his former playmate Campanella, whose father is a close friend of Giovanni's father.
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Josephine Conger was born in Centralia, Missouri. She learned about the publishing trade at an early age, setting type for the Linneus Bulletin, a newspaper established by her brother."Josephine Conger-Kaneko," Centralia [MO] Fireside Guard, May 12, 1916, p. 8. She also delved in the writing of poetry, gaining some degree of local notoriety for her work. After attending the radical Ruskin College at Trenton, Missouri, she became a socialistBuhle, Mari Jo (1970). "Women and the Socialist Party, 1901-1914," Radical America 4 (2), pp. 36-47, 50-54. and joined the staff of Appeal to Reason, a newspaper in Girard, Kansas.
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Catledge's first news job was at fourteen years old for the Neshoba Democrat, setting type. After college, the Democrat offered him another job but instead he became editor of the Tunica Times (Tunica, Mississippi) in 1922, and later managing editor and mechanical superintendent of the Tupelo Journal (Tupelo, Mississippi). At the Journal he campaigned against the Ku Klux Klan, who were most active during this time period; in response, the Klan burned down the newspaper plant. After Catledge lost his job due to the Tupelo Journal incident, he moved to Memphis, Tennessee; there, he worked for The Commercial Appeal, the city's daily newspaper.
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Women of the society worked in the house sewing, setting type for newsletters, and general housework, while the men worked the farm. One of the founding principles of the society was that of the "free gift". It dictated that, if anyone wanted something that they had to give—printed materials in particular—they had only to ask and it would be given to them without charge. After reading or seeing the society in practice, those people were free to contribute if they wished, but it was stressed that this was a "free gift" and not payment.
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Under normal orthographic rules, it has no uppercase form, as no word begins with the letter. However, Cyrillic type fonts normally provide an uppercase form for setting type in all caps or for using it as an element of various serial numbers (like series of Soviet banknotes) and indices (for example, there was once a model of old Russian steam locomotives marked "Ь" – :ru:Паровоз Ь). In the romanization of Cyrillic, the soft sign is typically replaced with a modifier prime symbol (ʹ). Occasionally, an apostrophe is used, or the soft sign can even be ignored if it is in a position that it does not denote iotation: Тверь=Tver, Обь=Ob.
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Because of their poverty, at a young age, Far left school to work in order to help support her family. Nonetheless, the children were educated at home and raised in an intellectually stimulating environment that saw both Far and her younger sister Winnifred Eaton, who wrote under the pen name Onoto Watanna, become successful writers. By age 18, Eaton was setting type for the Montreal Star. She began writing as a young girl; her stories and poetry were accepted for publication in Montreal's Dominion Illustrated magazine, and, beginning in 1890, she published anonymous journalistic articles about the local Chinese community in Montreal's English-language newspapers, the Montreal Star and the Daily Witness.
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The Marquis of Tavistock - who became the Duke of Bedford - committed suicide after the Second World War, making no provision for Aldred in his will. Nevertheless, Aldred continued to publish The Word until his death in 1963 supported by Ethel MacDonald and Jenny Patrick. MacDonald acted as manager and bookkeeper of the company until her death in 1960, setting type and printing alongside Patrick who continued working at Strickland Press until its dissolution. The George Street premises had to be vacated in 1962, when they were demolished to make way for expansion of the Royal College of Science and Technology, which later became the University of Strathclyde who now hold Aldred's archive.
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The next quire was printed by the same method: pages 13 and 24 on one side of one sheet, etc. This meant that the text being printed had to be "cast off" – the compositors had to plan beforehand how much text would fit onto each page. If the compositors were setting type from manuscripts (perhaps messy, revised and corrected manuscripts), their calculations would frequently be off by greater or lesser amounts, resulting in the need to expand or compress. A line of verse could be printed as two; or verse could be printed as prose to save space, or lines and passages could even be omitted (a disturbing prospect for those who prize Shakespeare's works).
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The Oxford online dictionary describes the origin of the "leger" spelling as a "variant of ledger" that first appeared in the 19th century . Although ledger lines are found occasionally in manuscripts of plainchant and early polyphony, it was only in the early 16th century in keyboard music that their use became at all extensive . Even then, printers had an aversion to ledger lines which caused difficulties in setting type, wasting space on the page and causing a messy appearance. Vocal music employed a variety of different clefs to keep the range of the part on the staff as much as possible; in keyboard notation a common way of avoiding ledger lines was the use of open score on four staves with different clefs .
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Wooden type for English printing Letterpress can produce work of high quality at high speed, but it requires much time to adjust the press for varying thicknesses of type, engravings, and plates called makeready. The process requires a high degree of craftsmanship, but in the right hands, letterpress excels at fine typography. It is used by many small presses that produce fine, handmade, limited-edition books, artists' books, and high-end ephemera such as greeting cards and broadsides. Because of the time needed to make letterpress plates and to prepare the press, setting type by hand has become less common with the invention of the photopolymer plate, a photosensitive plastic sheet that can be mounted on metal to bring it up to type high.
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While studying in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, he supplemented his allowance by taking to journalism, setting type for La Oceana Española as well as writing for periodicals such as Diario de Manila, El Comercio, La Revista Popular, and La Opinion. In November 1882, his work, La expedicion de Li-Ma-Hong contra Filipinas was published in Diario de Manila and garnered him a prize. In 1886, de los Reyes worked as Manila correspondent for El Eco de Panay, a newspaper in Iloilo, but was replaced by Wenceslao Retana when his reports began to appear too liberal. His reputation as an independent-minded writer was such that in 1887, La Opinion hired him as a foil for their ultra-conservative staff writer, Camilo Millan.
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In 1817 the brothers founded J. & J. Harper in New York at the corner of Dover and Front streets; James was nearly 22 years old and John was 20. The business was supported by a loan from their father to purchase two Rampage printing presses, some typesetting stock, and simple binding equipment. In 1817 Paul received an order from the prominent New York bookseller Evert Duyckinck for 2,000 copies of an English translation of Seneca's Morals ("Seneca's morals by way of abstract", translated by Roger L'Estrange and first published in England in 1678.) Paul gave the order to his young apprentices, James and John, who did the printing, working with their younger brothers Joseph Wesley (25 December 1801 – 14 February 1870) and Fletcher (31 January 1806 – 29 May 1877) who aided in setting type, and issued it under the imprint J. & J. Harper.
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A composing stick loaded with metal movable type, held over a lower case with larger boxes for more common minuscule letters: the upper case holds capital letters. A Miller & Richard composing stick, showing the adjustment mechanism (left side) In letterpress printing and typesetting, a composing stick is a tray-like tool used to assemble pieces of metal type into words and lines, which are then transferred to a galley before being locked into a forme and printed. Many composing sticks have one adjustable end, allowing the length of the lines and consequent width of the page or column to be set, with spaces and quadrats of different sizes being used to make up the exact width. Early composing sticks often had a fixed measure, as did many used in setting type for newspapers, which were fixed to the width of a standard column, when newspapers were still composed by hand.
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