This sensory ability combined with engineering that allows scientists to place self-activating heat sources within the robots could be used to build soft robots that can detect their injuries and start the healing cycle by themselves.
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So-called "self-activating"—as when a posse member drives a patrol car with lights flashing and siren wailing, without direct orders to do so from a sheriff's deputy—is a serious no-no, which can see volunteers "booted" from the posse.
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Think about regulating a financial entity with a billion globally dispersed retail customers (the Apple/Goldman venture); or regulating Facebook's multi-billion member platforms using its own currency and payment network; or regulating a blockchain network supporting all the world's major corporate and institutional payments (the JPMorgan venture); or regulating self-activating "smart contracts," artificially intelligent trading systems or new cryptocurrencies.
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The manufacturer had found a method to add sodium perborate—a bleaching agent—to its base washing agents (silicate), creating what the marketing department called a "self-activating powder" detergent. During the washing process, oxygenated perborate forms small bubbles, doing the "work of the washboard"—saving consumers time and rendering the historic method of "sun-bleaching" (by laying clothes out in the sun) unnecessary. Persil was the first commercially available self-activated laundry detergent (combining bleach with the detergent). The invention of Persil was a significant breakthrough.
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This reporter region facilitates both positive and negative selection by HIS3 and URA3, respectively, which together allow for isolation of the prey containing the true DNA target sequence. HIS3 and URA3 encode proteins required for biosynthesis of histidine and uracil. Using a negative selectable marker is crucial for greatly reducing the incidence of false-positives. Self-activating prey, where the randomized region facilitate reporter expression in the absence of TF binding, are removed by transforming the reporter vector library into bacteria in the absence of bait and assaying for growth on plates containing 5-fluoro-orotic acid (5-FOA).
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It uses a randomized prey library consisting of many (<2x108) unique potential target sequences and also adds a negative selection step in order to purge this library of self-activating clones. Although these ideas were borrowed from the original yeast one-hybrid system, they had not yet been applied to a bacterial host before 2005. As the technique grew in popularity, researchers amended their protocols to improve the B1H system. Designing the fusion construct (bait) to the omega, rather than the alpha, subunit of RNA polymerase has recently been favoured in order to improve the chimera’s stereochemistry and dynamic range.
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The DNA segment labeled 'RR' refers to the randomized region on prey vectors. Self-activating sequences are purged from the original binding-site library by attempting to grow prey-transformed E.coli on medium containing 5-FOA, a compound that is cleaved into a toxin by URA3. The resulting purified prey library is then transformed with the bait plasmid and grown on minimal medium lacking histidine in order to positively select for actively expressed reporter vectors. This medium is supplemented with varying concentrations of 3-AT, a competitive inhibitor of HIS3, to elucidate the binding affinities of the transcription factor to each particular target sequence.
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Some BIOSes contain a software licensing description table (SLIC), a digital signature placed inside the BIOS by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM), for example Dell. The SLIC is inserted into the ACPI data table and contains no active code. Computer manufacturers that distribute OEM versions of Microsoft Windows and Microsoft application software can use the SLIC to authenticate licensing to the OEM Windows Installation disk and system recovery disc containing Windows software. Systems with a SLIC can be preactivated with an OEM product key, and they verify an XML formatted OEM certificate against the SLIC in the BIOS as a means of self-activating (see System Locked Preinstallation, SLP).
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The protein product of URA3 converts 5-FOA into a toxic compound, thereby allowing survival of only those colonies that contain reporter vectors which are not self-activating. Negative selection normally precedes positive selection so that a smaller, purified prey library can be subjected to the more rigorous positive selection process. Upon transformation of the purified prey library with the bait plasmid, positive selection is achieved by growing the host E. coli on minimal medium lacking histidine (NM selective medium) that is usually supplemented with varying concentrations of 3-amino-triazole (3-AT), a competitive inhibitor of HIS3. HIS3 encodes a protein required for histidine biosynthesis and thus only those cells containing bait-prey combinations that activate the reporter genes will be able to grow.
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The household chore of doing the laundry began to change with the introduction of washing powders in the 1880s. These new laundry products were pulverized soap. New cleaning-product marketing successes, such as the 1890s introduction of the N. K. Fairbank Company's Gold Dust Washing Powder (which used a breakthrough hydrogenation process in its formulation),The Holland Evening Sentinel; Holland, MI; Newspaper James F. Boyce, Sr. Obituary Article, Jun 4, 1935 and Hudson's heavily advertised product, Rinso, proved that there was a ready market for better cleaning agents. Henkel & Cie's "self-activating" (or self bleaching) cleaner, Persil; (introduced in 1907); the early synthetic detergent, BASF's Fewa (introduced in 1932); and Procter & Gamble's 1933 totally synthetic creation, Dreft (marketed for use on infant-wear)Eduard Smulders, Wolfgang Rybinski, Eric Sung, Wilfried Rähse, Josef Steber, Frederike Wiebel, Anette Nordskog, "Laundry Detergents" in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
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Abilities supply the functional modules for performing specific activities and may activate each other in a hierarchical structure in the same way behaviors use abilities. Both behaviors and abilities are implemented by the same kind of functional modules, but a fundamental difference exists: behaviors are self-activating modules in response to a robot+environment state, whilst abilities are just functional blocks activated and controlled by behaviors for accomplishing their tasks (or by higher-level abilities that have been already activated by a behavior). Behaviors exist for satisfying specific needs, whilst abilities are not related to any need, because they are used by behaviors for accomplishing their tasks, but have no meaning alone. The list of abilities needed by each module (behavior or ability) is represented by its activation tree; the complete set of activation trees can be represented by a system-wide acyclic activation graph.
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