378 Sentences With "Rock of Gibraltar" | Random Sentence Generator

We are the Rock of Gibraltar in the tough times.

Your proximity is my Rock of Gibraltar as is Michael's.

Think about Prudential (PRU) and its iconic Rock of Gibraltar commercials.

The product names are Basket of Rocks, Rock of Gibraltar, and Carnival of Lights.

"I'm used to being the Rock of Gibraltar and used to providing and protecting," she told People.

"The Lannisters aren't there yet, but Casterly Rock is certainly there; it's like the Rock of Gibraltar," he continued.

"The Lannisters aren't there yet, but Castlery Rock is certainly there; it's like the Rock of Gibraltar," Martin said.

"It's really about cloud at this point, it's the Rock of Gibraltar in terms of what Microsoft's seeing," Ives said.

Dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar, Gibraltar was ceded to the Brits in the early 1700s after being captured from Spain.

Other famous winners of what's become known as the "duel of the Downs" include Giant's Causeway, Rock Of Gibraltar and Brigadier Gerard.

At the box office, he is Hollywood's new Rock of Gibraltar -- his movies collectively have grossed almost $5.8 billion worldwide -- and everyone wants a piece.

Your rockstars are the people ... don't think about Ozzy Osbourne or something like that, think about the Rock of Gibraltar, they're solid as a rock.

But today is not like the aftermath of the 2009 or 2013 votes, when both Merkel and Merkelism were as solid as the Rock of Gibraltar.

His accounts of the collapse of Overend Gurney, supposedly the Rock of Gibraltar of Victorian finance, and of "Lombard Street", Bagehot's book about that debacle, are exemplary.

Prices have recovered to above $60 and Barkindo described the agreement, which will be reviewed in June to be "as solid as the Rock of Gibraltar," he said.

The four caves inside the limestone cliffs of the Rock of Gibraltar are a wealth of archaeological and paleontological deposits offering a glimpse into Neanderthal life in the area.

Prices have recovered to above $60 and Barkindo described the agreement, which will be reviewed in June to be "as solid as the Rock of Gibraltar," Barkindo said at CERAWeek.

The old town on Spain's Bay of Cádiz, 60 miles northeast of the Rock of Gibraltar, is packed with centuries-old churches, fountains, and bullfighting rings, some of them still in use.

They published a paper discussing "asteroid impact effects and their immediate hazards for human populations" on the same day an asteroid the size of the Rock of Gibraltar zoomed uncomfortably close to Earth.

It sits at the southernmost tip of Spain, where the massive Rock of Gibraltar overlooks the very heavily used shipping lane passing from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic through (you guessed it) the Straits of Gibraltar.

The recall includes three types of Lumière brand rock salt lamps — the Rock of Gibraltar Lamp, the Carnival of Lights Lamp and the Basket of Rocks Lamp — that were sold at Michaels craft stores from July 2016 to November 2016.

Spain is making noises about regaining sovereignty over the Rock of Gibraltar, a British possession off the Spanish coast, if its residents want to remain in the EU. Brexit was a such a surprise, and such a radical break with the status quo, that things that have long been taken for granted are now entirely unsettled.

Williams Way is a tunnel through the eastern part of the Rock of Gibraltar.

Levant cloud forming against the eastern cliffs of the Rock of Gibraltar The Rock of Gibraltar is a monolithic promontory. The Main Ridge has a sharp crest with peaks over 400 m above sea level, formed by Early Jurassic limestones and dolomites. It is a deeply eroded and highly faulted limb of an overturned fold. The sedimentary strata composing the Rock of Gibraltar are overturned, with the oldest strata overlying the youngest strata.

The Rock of Gibraltar, also known as the Jabel-al-Tariq (named after Berber commander that conquered Spain), is a monolithic limestone promontory located in the territory of Gibraltar, near the southwestern tip of Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.Welcome To The Rock of Gibraltar! by costarsure.com It is high.

He came out the best of the British contingent, coming home fourth behind the Irish-trained colts Rock of Gibraltar, Landseer and Tendulkar.

The guns have unusual cloud cover caused by the Levant wind which forms clouds as warm air meets the cool rock of Gibraltar.

Society Rock is the son of Rock of Gibraltar who won seven Group 1 races in a row, including the 2000 Guineas. Rock of Gibraltar has sired a number of other top racehorses, including Eclipse Stakes winner Mount Nelson and Prix de la Forêt winner Varenar. Society Rock's dam is High Society, a daughter of Key Of Luck. His stable name is Rocky.

Silene tomentosa is currently found growing wild only on the rocky outcrops of the Rock of Gibraltar. Specimens are also grown at Gibraltar Botanic Gardens.

During World War II Lewis Battery was the site of two 6 inch guns on the Rock of Gibraltar. These guns could fire over 6,000 yards.

Barbary macaque feeding her young at Mediterranean Steps, on the Rock of Gibraltar Approximately 40% of Gibraltar's land area was declared a nature reserve in 1993.

While preparing for his Channel swim, Thum also set a world record when he swam around the Rock of Gibraltar in 2 hours and 52 minutes.

Sorensen later divorced Frederick and in 1969 married author Alec Waugh at the rock of Gibraltar. After her second marriage, Sorensen and Waugh resided primarily in Morocco.

The European Pillar of Hercules: the Rock of Gibraltar (foreground), with the North African shore and Jebel Musa in the background. Jebel Musa, one of the candidates for the North African Pillar of Hercules, as seen from Tarifa, at the other shore of the Strait of Gibraltar. Pillars of Hercules from Mediterranean Sea: left, Jebel Musa, right, the Rock of Gibraltar The Pillars of Hercules (Latin: Columnae Herculis, Greek: Ἡράκλειαι Στῆλαι / (H)Erákleiai Stílai, Arabic: أعمدة هرقل / Aʿmidat Hiraql, Spanish: Columnas de Hércules) was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. The northern Pillar, Calpe Mons, is the Rock of Gibraltar.

The Orillon Batteries were artillery batteries in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The batteries were three-storey gun positions within a natural fault in the Rock of Gibraltar.

Signal Station Road is a road in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It leads down from the top of the Rock of Gibraltar, and skirts the Upper Rock Nature Reserve.

The Rock forms part of the Betic Cordillera, a mountain range that dominates southeastern Iberia. The sheer east side of the Rock of Gibraltar Today, the Rock of Gibraltar forms a peninsula jutting out into the Strait of Gibraltar from the southern coast of Spain. The promontory is linked to the continent by means of a sandy tombolo with a maximum elevation of . To the north, the Rock rises vertically from sea level up to at Rock Gun Battery.

Portland Stone quarry on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. Transgression of the Paleogene sediments over the Wetterstein Limestone of the Silicic Superunit, Western Carpathians, Slovakia. Gibraltar limestone: North face of Rock of Gibraltar.

Gibraltar Mountain is a peak in the Canadian Rockies, located east of Upper Kananaskis Lake, Alberta. Named in 1928 due to its physical likeness to the Rock of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean Sea.

Castle Gatehouse at Stevens Institute of Technology North side Castle Point is the highest point in Hoboken. The name is a corruption of "Castille Point", due to its supposed resemblance to the Castilian coast in Spain. To early navigators, the high serpentine crag jutting over the river reminded them of a miniature Rock of Gibraltar (although the Rock of Gibraltar is actually in Andalusia, not Castile which has no coast). The land was bought at public auction in 1804 by Col.

Rock of Gibraltar, who started poorly and was far back most of the way, had to swing around the fallen Landseer but made a powerful stretch run to finish second behind longshot winner, Domedriver.

The dolomitic limestone utilised in the construction of the monument came from the Rock of Gibraltar. The memorial is an example of the successful incorporation of a relatively recent work into older, existing architecture.

Enslow had a water mill that was recorded in 1086 in the Domesday Book, and again in 1340 and in the 17th and 18th centuries. The arrival of the Oxford Canal led to the building of a wharf and associated buildings in 1788. Early in the 19th century the Rock of Gibraltar public houseThe Rock of Gibraltar was built to serve the trade on and around the wharf. From 1845 the Oxford and Rugby Railway ran through the hamlet and in 1850 Bletchington railway station was built.

Fig Tree Cave is a cave in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is located on the eastern cliffs of the Rock of Gibraltar, not far from Martin's Cave within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve.

The use of Prudential's symbol, the Rock of Gibraltar, began after an advertising agent passed Laurel Hill, a volcanic neck, in Secaucus, New Jersey, on a train in the 1890s. The related slogans "Get a Piece of the Rock" and "Strength of Gibraltar" are also still quite widely associated with Prudential,America's Most Valuable Rock Collection Prudential Insurance. though current advertising uses neither of these. Through the years, the symbol went through various versions, but in 1989, a simplified pictogram symbol of the Rock of Gibraltar was adopted.

The Rock of Gibraltar Inn near Enslow Bridge Wallace died on 19 February 1897 as a result of a bicycle accident. While descending a steep hill in Enslow Bridge in Bletchington near Oxford, he lost control of his bicycle and hit a parapet wall, fracturing his skull. He was found unconscious under his bicycle and was carried on a hurdle to The Rock of Gibraltar Inn in Enslow, where he died early the next day without regaining consciousness. He is buried in Holywell Cemetery, Oxford, with his wife and one of his sons.

In the 2,000 Guineas, two distinct groups formed on either side of the straight track, with the faster ground on the far side. Hawk Wing was in the group on the stands side, while the group on the far side, containing Rock Of Gibraltar, was travelling slightly further ahead. Hawk Wing beat his own group, and was rapidly closing in on Rock Of Gibraltar but lost by a neck. His next run was in the 2002 Epsom Derby, where his run in the Guineas was enough to give him the position of market favorite again.

GBC on-screen branding and corporate identity have changed a number of times throughout its history. The iconic circle set against the backdrop of a computer animation of the Rock of Gibraltar was used throughout the 80s. During the 90s, coinciding with GBC limiting its service and handing over most of its broadcast hours to retransmissions of the BBC Europe channel, a new logo was introduced. Designed locally, the new logo featured a broken silhouette of the Rock of Gibraltar against a white background and red letters depicting the GBC TV name.

The cap cloud that forms in moist stable easterly winds over the Rock of Gibraltar Sometimes the levanter forms a characteristic cloud over the Rock of Gibraltar. However, this is not always the case and a particular set of conditions is required for its formation. Near the surface, the levanter is moist, but is unsaturated. As the moist air, which must be capped to be stable and so unable to rise by convection, is forced to rise over the Rock, the moisture condenses to form a cloud that streams away west from its top.

On 14 September Dubai Destination was moved up in class to contest the Group Two Champagne Stakes over seven furlongs at Doncaster Racecourse. He started the 3/1 second favourite behind the Irish-trained Rock of Gibraltar who had won the Railway Stakes and the Gimcrack Stakes. After being restrained at the back of the eight-runner field, accelerated in the last quarter mile, overtook Rock of Gibraltar 100 yards from the finish and won by a length despite being eased down by Dettori in the final strides.

The Rock of Gibraltar (2010) In May 2016 a report by the World Health Organization showed that Gibraltar had the worst air quality in any British territory. The report concentrated on PM10 and PM2.5 pollutants in the air.

Gibraltar's terrain consists of the Rock of Gibraltar made of Jurassic limestone, and the narrow coastal lowland surrounding it. It contains many tunnelled roads, most of which are still operated by the military and closed to the general public.

Seven Blocks of Granite? He was the Rock of Gibraltar.”Rozendaal, "Remembering Duke Slater", pg. 7. In 1927 and 1929, Duke Slater was the only black player in the NFL, yet he was an all-pro selection both seasons.

Tireless was spotted off the Rock of Gibraltar amidst the tensions between Spain and the UK over the disputed territory of Gibraltar. It was suggested that this SSN could be a key vessel used to strike Syria if military action occurred.

Farringdon's Battery (previously Willis' Battery) is an artillery battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. Named after Sir Anthony Farrington, 1st Baronet, it is located above the north face of the Rock of Gibraltar within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve.

During World War Two there were two 4 inch and two 4 inch Quick Firing guns at Martin's Battery on the west side of the Rock of Gibraltar. Presumably named for the drunken soldier who reportedly discovered Martin's Cave in 1821.

The colt's other notable results that year came in October when he ran second to stablemate Rock of Gibraltar in England's Dewhurst Stakes at Newmarket Racecourse. He finished second again under jockey Michael Kinane in the Critérium International at Saint-Cloud Racecourse in France. As a three-year-old, Landseer finished third in April's Prix de Fontainebleau at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris then won the May running of the Group One Poule d'Essai des Poulains. In June, he had another second-place finish to Rock of Gibraltar, this time in the St. James's Palace Stakes at Ascot Racecourse in England.

It is situated on the sandy isthmus which unites the Rock of Gibraltar with the coast in the eastern flank of the Bay of Gibraltar, between Sierra Carbonera and the Rock of Gibraltar. The town derives its name firstly from the or boundary line separating Spain from Gibraltar, and secondly from the Immaculate Conception of Mary, the Mother of Jesus. Its people are called in Spanish . The first dwellings, which date back to the 18th century, were behind the Spanish lines, being part of the Spanish municipality of San Roque until 1870, when La Línea became separate.

Windmill Hill viewed from the Rock of Gibraltar, looking due south Windmill Hill or Windmill Hill Flats is one of a pair of plateaux, known collectively as the Southern Plateaux, at the southern end of the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is located just to the south of the Rock of Gibraltar, which descends steeply to the plateau. Windmill Hill slopes down gently to the south with a height varying from at the north end to at the south end. It covers an area of about , though about at the north end is built over.

Douglas Cave is at the bottom of Douglas Path which runs north-south along the top ridge of the Rock of Gibraltar on the road leading up to O'Hara's Battery"The Gibraltar Tunnels" by Tito Vallejo, all within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve.

La Línea and Campamento, Algeciras and further beyond Are o'er- towered by the height Of the Rock of Gibraltar. America may be very big And have a great deal to see, I still love my little Rock Which gave my life to me.

In 2014, Modern Water and Northumberland Services signed a 22 million pound, 20-year contract to build and operate a wastewater plant on the rock of Gibraltar."Northumbrian Water and Modern Water JV to build wastewater treatment facility in Gibraltar". Water-Technology.

Hogg & Thurston 1972, page 158-159 Some guns were bored out and relined in 10-inch calibre. A battery of six such guns is known to have been mounted at Spy Glass Battery on the Rock of Gibraltar, and six guns at Gharghur, Malta.

The GPA employs a high specification Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) system. Supported by multiple radars and high-powered cameras, positioned in strategic locations around the Rock of Gibraltar, the VTS centre monitors the surrounding waters with high levels of accuracy on a 24/7 basis.

1909 insurance advertisement The saying "solid as the Rock of Gibraltar" is used to describe an entity that is very safe or firm. The motto of the Royal Gibraltar Regiment and Gibraltar itself is Nulli Expugnabilis Hosti (Latin for "No Enemy Shall Expel Us").

Where Or When began his second season in the 2000 Guineas over the Rowley Mile at Newmarket on 4 May in which he started at odds of 50/1 and finished unplaced behind Rock of Gibraltar. He was moved up in distance for the Dante Stakes at York in May and finished fourth behind Moon Ballad. In the 2002 Epsom Derby on 8 June he started a 66/1 outsider and came home sixth of the eleven finishers, thirty-seven lengths behind the winner High Chaparral. At Royal Ascot ten days later he ran fifth behind Rock of Gibraltar in the St James's Palace Stakes.

Gibraltar Rock is tall, and is part of a range that sits at high. The rock is made of rough granite. Its appearance has been compared to the Rock of Gibraltar. In the early 1990s, the Rock was yielding small amounts of gold to the "dollying" process.

Upper Battery is a former artillery battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It was located on the Upper Ridge of the Rock of Gibraltar at a site south of Signal Hill Battery and faced east over the Mediterranean. It mounted two 32-pdrs. in 1861.

Cave S is a limestone cave in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is located on the eastern side of the Rock of Gibraltar, near Holy Boy's Cave. Human remains were found in the cave in 1910 that did not appear to be of a modern man.

Darjeeling, where the expedition members gathered and where porters, supplies and transport were organised. Kangchenjunga is seen in the background. The main party left England by sea on 20 January 1933, stopping at Gibraltar, where the Rock of Gibraltar "offered a climbing problem or two",Ruttledge (1941), p. 53. and Aden.

View of Queensway Quay from the Rock of Gibraltar showing Queensway in the centre of the photograph. Queensway Quay located west of this road takes its name. In the early 1990s, Taylor Woodrow facilitated a £50 million development along Queensway, developing a hotel, apartments and marina complex at the quayside.

Fordham's Accommodation are underground parallel chambers within the Rock of Gibraltar built during the Second World War. These are part of the extensive tunnels of Gibraltar. The chambers were named after Colonel H M Fordham OBE, MC, who was Chief Engineer in Gibraltar. The chambers were based on Liddell's Union Tunnel.

Among his best offspring were Dylan Thomas, Duke of Marmalade, Rock of Gibraltar George Washington and North Light. Spartacus's dam Teslemi showed modest racing ability, winning one minor race from eight starts but did better as a broodmare, producing several other winners including the Hong Kong Derby winner Johann Cruyff.

Calcite, the mineral that makes up limestone, dissolves slowly in rainwater. Over time, this process can form caves. For this reason the Rock of Gibraltar contains over 100 caves. St. Michael's Cave, located halfway up the western slope of the Rock, is the most prominent and is a popular tourist attraction.

The copper sheathing on her hull needed to be replaced, and Paul Revere supplied the copper sheets necessary for the job.Toll (2006), p. 176.Allen (1905), p. 137. She departed Boston on 14 August, and she encountered an unknown ship in the darkness on 6 September, near the Rock of Gibraltar.

It was named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1967–68, because it is shaped like the famous Rock of Gibraltar. The name was officially decided by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names in 1969. It is included in the United States Gazetteer and the SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.

Its walls enclosed a considerable area, reaching down from the upper part of the Rock of Gibraltar to the sea. The most conspicuous remaining parts of the Castle are the upper tower, or Tower of Homage, together with various terraces and battlements below it, and the massive Gate House, with its cupola roof.

After he sent talent scout Henry Willson a picture of himself in 1947, Willson took him on as a client and changed the young actor's name to Rock Hudson; later in life, Hudson admitted that he hated the name. The name was coined by combining the Rock of Gibraltar and the Hudson River.

Gibraltarians are British citizens, albeit with a distinct identity of their own. Gibraltar is sometimes referred by the younger generation as "Gib" (/dʒɨb/). They are colloquially referred to as Llanitos (or Yanitos), both locally and in Spain. Additional nicknames exist for them in English for Gibraltar relating to the Rock of Gibraltar.

Sunline went into retirement at the McKee property near Auckland and produced four foals. Two of her progeny have won races, Sunstrike (2004 filly, by Rock of Gibraltar) and Sun Ruler (2005 colt, by Zabeel - Sun Ruler now stands at stud in New Zealand). She also left the unraced Sunalta (2006 filly, by Rock of Gibraltar) and the unplaced Sunsett (2007 filly, by Hussonet). Sun Ruler and Sunstrike met for the first time in a race on 19 December 2009 at Te Rapa with Sun Ruler defeating his older half-sister, Sunstrike, by a nose.Herald Sun: “Sunline's offspring fight it out” Retrieved 2009-12-19 On 1 May 2009 Sunline was put down after suffering from the debilitating hoof disease laminitis for nine months.

"A North View of the Rock of Gibraltar from the Spanish Lines" (1782) by T. Malton jnr showing the battery in the foreground Panoramic photograph of the Rock of Gibraltar taken from Devil's Tongue Battery in 1879 Devil's Tongue is one of the older batteries which was located on the Old Mole so that it could offer additional help to the Landport defences. This defence was required to protect Gibraltar from invasion from the mainland across the isthmus. A battery was being used here by the British in 1727 and was used during the Great Siege of Gibraltar (1779-1783). In 1761 additional batteries were planned by General John Thomas Jones who had one of the batteries named after him.

Gibraltar is sometimes referred to as the "Hill of Caves" and the geological formation of all the caves is limestone. The Poca Roca Cave fissure runs through the Rock of Gibraltar in a general west–east direction all the way from Bell Lane in the old town area to Catalan Bay on the coast.

A busy port under the governance of the Lannisters of Casterly Rock, Lannisport thrives as a protected and wealthy city. The city is also home to many lesser Lannisters and other people with similar surnames, such as Lannys. George R. R. Martin stated on his blog that he drew inspiration for Casterly Rock from the Rock of Gibraltar.

The Calpe Hole Generating station is an abandoned power station located in the rock of Gibraltar, accessed via the Great North Road, Gibraltar. The turbines were made by Ruston (engine builder) which were taken over by English Electric in the early 20th century. The roof in the station was made by Herbert Morris Ltd from Loughborough.

His seniors in the army named him the Rock of Gibraltar. He was later elevated to officer rank and commissioned into the Guards regiment. He rose to be a lieutenant colonel. It has been speculated that his military background might have enabled him to organise the Gurjar protest with such precision and on the large scale which characterised it.

The Gibraltar Aerobeacon built in 1841 is one of several lighthouses in Gibraltar, the British Overseas Territory at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. It is also known as the Gibraltar Aviation Light and Gibraltar Aero Light. The active beacon is positioned atop the Rock of Gibraltar and is operated by the Government of Gibraltar.

300px Playa de El Chinarral is a beach in the municipality of Algeciras, southeastern Spain. It overlooks the Bay of Algeciras and the tip of the rock of Gibraltar. It is approximately 250 metres in length and 40 metres wide on average. It is located between Punta de San Garcia and El Rodeo, south of the city.

Martin's Cave is a cave in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It opens on the eastern cliffs of the Rock of Gibraltar, below its summit at O'Hara's Battery. It is an ancient sea cave, though it is now located over above the shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It is only accessible because Martin's Path was constructed.

This is the highest of the caves accessed along Mediterranean Steps, a footpath which gives access to the summit of the Rock of Gibraltar. The cave was created from water running down the fissure below Lord Airey's Battery. Most of the cave's speleothems were lost during World War II when the cave was widened for military accommodation.

The Great Gibraltar Sand Dune is an ancient sand dune in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It forms part of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve and dominates the eastern cliffs of the Rock of Gibraltar. It was once used to capture rainwater which was contained in underground tanks within the Rock to satisfy the population's potable water needs.

Anwar Ahmed "Anu" Khan (24 September 1933 – 2 May 2014) was a Pakistani field hockey player who won one gold medal (in 1960 Summer Olympics at Rome) and two silver medals at the 1956–1964 Olympics, as well as gold medals at the Asian Games in 1958 and 1962. He is known as the Rock of Gibraltar.

Graham thought of him as sure protection against opposing linemen. Teammates called him an "iron man" and a "Rock of Gibraltar". He was named to All-Pro lists in all but one year between 1951 and 1955. The Browns struggled after Graham retired in 1956 and ended the regular season at 5–7, their first-ever losing record.

An 18-meter high monolithic statue of Lord Buddha towers over the lake from atop the Rock of Gibraltar. The idea was a part of the Buddha Poornima project in 1985 by N. T. Rama Rao. The statue was chiseled out of a white granite rock, weighing 450 tons. It was carved by 200 sculptors for two years.

In Late Miocene a sill (land bridge) formed in the Gibraltar arc, disconnecting the Mediterranean from the Atlantic Ocean several times. This caused the evaporation of the Mediterranean Sea. The Rock of Gibraltar is a monolithic limestone promontory. The rock was created during the Jurassic period some 200 million years ago and uplifted during the Betic Orogeny.

Queen's Road is the longest road in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It runs north-south through the Upper Rock Nature Reserve on the Rock of Gibraltar. It forks into Old Queen's Road which runs almost parallel with it for some part. The narrow road is halfway up the Rock and overlooks the Bay of Gibraltar.

The Sierra Carbonera is a small range of mountains located in the Province of Cádiz in Spain, at the boundary between the municipalities of San Roque and La Línea de la Concepción, north of the Rock of Gibraltar. It rises to a maximum altitude of at the summit of Carboneras, which is occupied by a radio communications installation.

The problem that the carriage was designed to overcome: firing from the Rock of Gibraltar down into the Spanish positions below (located at the photographer's viewpoint) During the Great Siege, the British garrison of Gibraltar faced a French and Spanish army entrenched on the low ground of the isthmus that links Gibraltar with Spain. The British controlled the high ground of the Rock of Gibraltar, which reaches a height of at its north end. Although this was a major advantage for the British gunners, as it gave them an increased range and a clear view of the enemy, it also posed significant problems. Enemies close to their positions could not be targeted as existing gun carriages would not allow the amount of vertical depression required to hit such a close target.

The Rock of Gibraltar viewed from the north-west The Rock of Gibraltar is a klippe of Jurassic dolomitic limestone with series of 'shale' formations underlying and in part overlaying the limestone.Rose (2000), p. 244 It consists primarily of a series of carbonate deposits some thick, varying from dark grey bituminous dolomite at the base through to a very thick, apparently homogeneous sequence of light or medium grey fine-grained limestones. The formation appears to have been laid down in a tropical environment somewhat similar to the Bahamas today, and on the basis of fossil evidence an Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) age has been proposed for the Gibraltar Limestone, though in appearance it has a strong resemblance to the Carboniferous Limestone that underlies large parts of England and Wales.

Inside a gallery on the Rock of Gibraltar, engraved by I.C. Stadler after Rev C. Willyams (c. 1800), depicting one of the tunnels excavated by Henry Ince Henry Ince (1736–1808) was a sergeant-major (and later lieutenant) in the British Army who achieved fame as the author of a plan to tunnel through the North Face of the Rock of Gibraltar in 1782, during the Great Siege of Gibraltar. As a result of his work, by the end of the 18th century Gibraltar had almost of tunnels in which dozens of cannons were mounted overlooking the isthmus linking the peninsula to Spain. He was one of the first members of the Soldier Artificer Company, a predecessor to today's Royal Engineers, and rose to be the Company's senior non-commissioned officer.

The entrance to Gorham's Cave on the south-eastern flank of the Rock of Gibraltar The limestone massif of the Rock of Gibraltar is riddled with caves – its ancient name, Calpe, means "hollow"Hills, p. 13 – and it was here that archaeologists focused their efforts to find sites of Neanderthal occupation. Ten such sites have been discovered so far,Brown & Finlayson, p. 703 of which the most important are five caves on the eastern side of the Rock: Ibex Cave, high up on the east side, which was only discovered in 1975 due to being buried under the wind-blown sands of the Great Gibraltar Sand Dune, and four sea caves near sea level on the south-eastern flank, Boathoist Cave, Vanguard Cave, Gorham's Cave and Bennett's Cave.

There are no extant railways in Gibraltar. There was formerly an extensive railway within the Gibraltar Dockyard, and neighbouring works and storage facilities. It included tunnels, one of which went through the Rock of Gibraltar, and is still in use today as a road tunnel. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries there was also a temporary industrial railway in Gibraltar.

The site is now run by the Gibraltar Tourist Board in conjunction with the Nature Reserve.Fa and Finlayson, p. 57 Some of the 18th and 20th century tunnels can also be visited. The Upper Galleries (now known as the Great Siege Tunnels) on the North Face of the Rock of Gibraltar are a popular tourist attraction within the Nature Reserve.

Although the species is commonly referred to as the "Barbary ape", the Barbary macaque is actually a true monkey. Its name refers to the Barbary Coast of Northwest Africa. The Barbary macaque population of Gibraltar is the only such population outside Northern Africa and the only population of wild monkeys in Europe. About 230 macaques live on the Rock of Gibraltar.

Ibex Cave is a limestone cave on the Rock of Gibraltar which has yielded stone artifacts of Mousterian tradition. It was discovered in 1975. It is so named as an ibex skull was found within the cave which would have been hunted by the Neanderthals of Gibraltar thousands of years ago. Ibex Cave was named and excavated by the Gibraltar Museum in 1994.

1865 model of the Rock of Gibraltar showing the location of the Devil's Tower in the bottom right of the photo. The tower was constructed in limestone. It was demolished in 1940 during World War II on the orders of Governor General Sir Noel Mason- Macfarlane on the grounds that it was in the line of fire of one of Gibraltar's many guns.

There are presently two separate public water systems in Gibraltar – one providing potable water and the other salt water for flushing toilets, firefighting, street cleaning and other sanitary purposes. The salt water system pumps nearly annually, about four times the volume of potable water.Rose (2000), p. 253 The potable water system uses twelve reservoirs excavated inside the Rock of Gibraltar.

The Iris hut is a prefabricated steel structure used by the British military predominantly during the early part of the Second World War. They served as barracks, workshops, and storage facilities in World War II Great Britain. Iris huts were also used as accommodation in the tunnels of Gibraltar, where they were situated in chambers excavated under the Rock of Gibraltar.

These fossils indicate an Early Jurassic age (Lower Lias) for the deposition of the Gibraltar limestone. The Little Bay and Dockyard shale formations form a very minor part of the Rock of Gibraltar. The Little Bay Shale Formation consists of dark bluish-gray, unfossiliferous shale, which is interbedded with thin layers of grit, mudstone, and limestone. It predates the Gibraltar limestone.

Cricket has been played in Gibraltar by British servicemen since the late 18th century. A cricket ground is known to have existed north of the Rock of Gibraltar in 1800. Civilians were playing the game as well as servicemen by 1822. The Gibraltar Cricket Club was formed in 1883, and formed the backbone of civilian cricket until well into the 20th Century.

Gorham's Cave Complex, UNESCO tentative sites list. Retrieved 4 August 2014 It is located at Governor's Beach on the southeastern face of the Rock of Gibraltar. When first inhabited some 55,000 years ago, it would have been approximately 5 kilometres from the shore, but, due to changes in sea level, it is now only a few metres from the Mediterranean Sea.

The sheer east side of the Rock of Gibraltar, which was scaled by a Bourbon Spanish force on 11 November 1704 to carry out an unsuccessful surprise attack The Bourbon Spanish, meanwhile, were planning to carry out a surprise attack. Simón Susarte, a Spanish goatherd who had fled Gibraltar after its capture by Rooke a few months earlier, told Villadarias that there was a secret route by which the east side of the Rock of Gibraltar could be scaled. It required a climb of around , of which the upper section was near-vertical, but was passable with the use of rope and ladders via the Great Sand Dune. As the east side was considered virtually impregnable, only the west side was fortified; if the Rock could be climbed from the east, an attacker could evade the fortifications and descend directly into the town.

The IFF antenna can be seen on the left of this photo, meeting the fuselage in the RAF roundel. The lengthy antennas, which had to be placed on both sides of the fuselage, slowed the Spitfire by about . Rock of Gibraltar in background. Beyond the operational problems with the Mark I, a more serious issue was the growing number of new radar systems being deployed.

Forbes' Quarry is located on the northern face of the Rock of Gibraltar within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The area was quarried during the 19th century to supply stone for reinforcing the fortress' military installations. In the course of the quarrying, a limestone cave was found. The second ever Neanderthal discovery was made within this cave when Cpt.

Hesse's Demi Bastion is a demi-bastion in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is part of the Northern Defences of Gibraltar. The bastion forms a link in a chain of fortifications which ascend the lower north-west slopes of the Rock of Gibraltar, below the King's Lines Battery and Bombproof Battery. The Moorish Castle's Tower of Homage is at the top of the same incline.

Robinson joined the Jamaica Library Service (JLS) in 1949, as a library assistant. She completed a course in library science at the British Library Association, and in 1954 was promoted to deputy director. She was made director of the service two years later, the first native Jamaican to hold the post.Dr Joyce Robinson — 'a Rock of Gibraltar in times of emotional stress', Jamaica Observer, 16 May 2013.

Guns look to the north defending The Rock from an attack by land The Great Siege Tunnels in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, also known as the Upper Galleries, are a series of tunnels inside the northern end of the Rock of Gibraltar. They were dug out from the solid limestone by the British during the Great Siege of Gibraltar of the late 18th century.

Atrium site before renovation. The buildings of the university’s Europa Point campus were part of the southern defences of the Rock of Gibraltar. The bombproof barracks which now house the principal rooms of the University were constructed by the Royal Engineers in 1841 and feature finely executed terracotta brick-tile vaulted ceilings supported by massive square limestone pillars. The window ledges alone are over a metre thick.

Mount Misery Battery was an artillery battery situated on the Upper Ridge of the Rock of Gibraltar. It was situated at Mount Misery, one of the peaks of the Rock. In 1901 its name was changed to Breakneck Battery at the suggestion of Major-General Sir John Slade of the Royal Artillery. Slade was to go on command British troops in Egypt from 1903 to 1905.

Several Bond film settings have become fan tourism destinations. Ko Tapu found fame through the 1974 film The Man with the Golden Gun. It is now often known as James Bond Island and is toured by as many as 1,000 visitors per day. Other fan tourism destinations include the Contra Dam in Switzerland, the Rock of Gibraltar, the Meteora monasteries, and Jamaica's Green Grotto Caves.

Snake Hill has had a modest, if largely anonymous, impact on the popular consciousness. A New York advertising executive, passing the hill on a train, is said to have drawn from it the inspiration for the Prudential "Rock of Gibraltar" logo in the 1890s. Its rugged landscapes also feature prominently in artist Robert Smithson's 1968 work Untitled (6 Stops on a Section).Graziani, Ron (April 5, 2004).

Those civil mechanics were free to leave the Rock of Gibraltar whenever they decided to do so. Their disorderly behaviour was a source of frustration to the military authorities. The situation induced Lieutenant Colonel William Green to suggest the creation of a company of military artificers, a regiment of trained artisans. On 6 March 1772, a warrant was issued for the creation of a 68-man regiment, the Soldier Artificer Company.

View of the Rock of Gibraltar from the Mediterranean Steps Gibraltar from the air, looking north-west Gibraltar's territory covers and shares a land border with Spain. The town of La Línea de la Concepción, a municipality of the province of Cádiz, lies on the Spanish side of the border. The Spanish hinterland forms the comarca of Campo de Gibraltar (literally "Countryside of Gibraltar"). The shoreline measures in length.

In the late 19th century, a Sanitary Commission instigated major improvements which saw the introduction of large-scale desalination and the use of giant water catchments covering over 2.5 million square feet (nearly 250,000 m2). Today Gibraltar's supply of drinking water comes entirely from desalination, with a separate supply of saltwater for sanitary purposes. Both supplies are delivered from huge underground reservoirs excavated under the Rock of Gibraltar.

The company's name is derived from PFI's logo which incorporates an image of the Rock of Gibraltar. Its stated expansion plan is to offer easy-to-understand products, target the semi-rural and rural population, and leverage on BSN's eight million-strong customer base. It had an 800-strong agency force in April 2014. BSN also has a takaful JV with Prudential plc of the UK, Prudential BSN Takaful Berhad.

The Rock of Gibraltar was renamed Jebel al-Fath (the Mount of Victory), though this name did not persist,Hills, p. 13 and a fortified town named Medinat al-Fath (the City of Victory) was laid out on the upper slopes of the Rock.Fa and Finlayson, p. 11 It is unclear how much of Medinat al-Fath was actually built, as the surviving archaeological remains of Moorish Gibraltar are scanty.

Furthermore, a great deal of knights from the orders of Santiago Calatrava were also present. Pope Clement V granted King Ferdinand IV a tenth of all taxes and rents collected by the church for a period of three years. This edict was passed by papal bull on 28 April 1309 from the city of Avignon. The Rock of Gibraltar, which was taken by Fernando IV on 12 September 1309.

As the British returned after their victorious sortie the garrison watched in amazement as huge explosions from the ammunition ripped through the Spanish lines and destroyed what was left of them. This sortie postponed the great Spanish assault for several months. In that time the British began building an extensive tunnel network through the Rock of Gibraltar. The work was carried out by hand aided by gunpowder blasts, which was dangerous.

This was demonstrated on 15 February 1782 at Princess Royal's Battery.Red Plaque in Grand Casemates Square. This new carriage enabled the defending guns to take advantage of the height of the Rock of Gibraltar: they could strike out far, but also be angled downward to fire on approaching attackers. At the beginning of March news of the surrender of the Minorca garrison was received and lowered morale for the besieged.

View over the Alboran Sea from the entrance to Ibex Cave. Ibex Cave was named and excavated by the Gibraltar Museum in 1994. Before this, a sand collection operation had been ongoing on the Eastside of the Rock of Gibraltar. The sand from the slopes that was then beneath the water catchments was extracted and transported along a conveyor belt system to the road below for industrial use.

Eastern Beach is a sandy beach and settlement on the northeastern coast of the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is located on the isthmus which joins the Rock of Gibraltar to Spain. The beach extends from the north of Catalan Bay to the runway of Gibraltar International Airport near the Gibraltar-Spain border. Although only several hundred metres long it is the largest beach on The Rock.

Three large dry docks were constructed and plans were available by 1894. Over 2,000 men were required and had to be billeted in old ships which had not been required since convict labour was abandoned. The demand for stone and sand necessitated building the Admiralty Tunnel right through the Rock of Gibraltar. In 1903 Edward VII arrived to name the new No. 3 Dock of the new Gibraltar Harbour after himself.

The formation is named after the Rock of Gibraltar. Jersey Spring can be found into the trail; the spring feeds into two sandstone watering troughs, built in 1892 to provide water for horses and people traveling along Lady Carrington Road. The troughs, to this day, are still fed by the same spring. The spring is named after Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey, the then-Governor of New South Wales.

Gardiner's Battery was part of a second set of retired batteries which were proposed by General Sir John Jones. These "retired" batteries were set away from the shoreline in order that they could get greater range by taking advantage of the increased altitude of the Rock of Gibraltar. In addition the batteries were more difficult for the enemy to spot. Jones also built similar batteries at Raglan's Battery and Jones' Battery.

Jones' Battery is close to the Moorish Castle. It was one of the first set of retired batteries which were proposed by General Sir John Jones. Jones was an important fortifications expert well respected by military engineers. These "retired" batteries were the first to be set away from the shoreline in order that they could get increased range by taking advantage of the steep slopes of the Rock of Gibraltar.

The South Battery had four 3.7 inch guns during World War II. It was just south west of Buffadero Battery at the southern end of the Rock of Gibraltar. The battery was directed from the "Gun Operation Room" which was hidden and protected underground with tunnels leading to Lathbury Barracks and to the north end of the rock via a number of tunnels including the Great North Road.

By road, the mountain is about west of Ceuta and about east of Tangier.Google maps Jebel Musa is opposite the Rock of Gibraltar at the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean. It is an important landmark in the region of Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima on the north coast of Morocco. The coastlines around the mountain show evidence of having had varying sea levels through the ages.

Levant cloud forming against the eastern cliffs of the Rock of Gibraltar. The levant (, , , , ) is an easterly wind that blows in the western Mediterranean Sea and southern France, an example of mountain-gap wind. In Roussillon it is called "llevant" and in Corsica "levante". In the western Mediterranean, particularly when the wind blows through the Strait of Gibraltar, it is called the Viento de Levante or the Levanter.

London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. Willyams was in France in 1784 when he also graduated from Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He obtained a master's degree from the same college in 1789 and in 1792 first revealed his artistic skills in A History of Sudeley Castle. Inside the rock a gallery (inside the Rock of Gibraltar) by Willyams In 1793, he enlisted as chaplain on for its journey to the West Indies.

The Gibraltar limestone consists of greyish-white or pale-gray compact, and sometime finely crystalline, medium to thick bedded limestones and dolomites that locally contain chert seams. This formation comprises about three quarters of the Rock of Gibraltar. Geologists have found various poorly preserved and badly eroded and rolled marine fossils within it. The fossils found in the Gibraltar limestone include various brachiopods, corals, echinoid fragments, gastropods, pelecypods, and stromatolites.

In 2007, his painting American Shipping off the Rock of Gibraltar auctioned at £2.71 million, "more than four times its top estimate". It was, "the highest price paid at auction for Aivazovsky" at the time. In April 2012, his 1856 work View of Constantinople and the Bosphorus was sold at Sotheby's for a record $5.2 million (£3.2 million), a tenfold increase since it was last at an auction in 1995.

View of North Front Cemetery as seen from the Great Siege Tunnels. The North Front Cemetery is located in the North District of Gibraltar, the British Overseas Territory at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. It is situated between the north face of the Rock of Gibraltar to the south and the airport to the north. The cemetery is located off Devil's Tower Road, just west of Devil's Tower Camp.

Grandera was named as the Champion Older Horse in the 2002 Cartier Racing Awards. In the 2001 International Classification he was rated 119 making him the thirteenth-best three-year-old colt in Europe, ten pounds below the champion Galileo. In the 2002 International Classification he was rated as 126, placing him third behind Rock of Gibraltar and Marienbard. These ratings covered horses raced in Europe, North America and Japan.

The Gibraltar North Mole Lighthouse is one of several lighthouses in Gibraltar, the British Overseas Territory at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. Also referred to as the Gibraltar "D" Head Lighthouse, its cast- iron tower is painted black. The active lighthouse west of the Rock of Gibraltar is positioned on the Western Arm of the North Mole at Gibraltar Harbour, and is operated by the Gibraltar Port Authority.

The Gibraltar North Mole Elbow Lighthouse is one of several lighthouses in Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory at the south end of the peninsula of Iberia. Also known as the Gibraltar "E" Head Lighthouse, its tower is painted grey. The active lighthouse is west of the Rock of Gibraltar and positioned at the elbow of the North Mole at Gibraltar Harbour. The lighthouse is operated by the Gibraltar Port Authority.

It provides these products and services to individual and institutional customers through distribution networks in the financial services industry. Prudential has operations in the United States, Asia, Europe and Latin America and has organized its principal operations into the Financial Services Businesses and the Closed Block Business. Prudential is composed of hundreds of subsidiaries and holds more than $4 trillion of life insurance. The company uses the Rock of Gibraltar as its logo.

View of the South Mole at Gibraltar Harbour, from the Rock of Gibraltar The South Mole is a breakwater located in the southern section of Gibraltar Harbour, in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. Previously known as the New Mole and New Mole Extension, the South Mole, with the rest of harbour, is just north of the east entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar.

"The battle for the Rock of Gibraltar", Irish Independent, 27 March 2011. Retrieved 2012-09-28. In 1975 they paid just under $1.8 million for a number of young horses, including The Minstrel, a colt by Northern Dancer out of Fleur, who went on to win The Derby in 1977. With the success of The Minstrel, Sangster and his partners established themselves as among the world's leading racehorse owners, going on to extraordinary success.

Among his best offspring are Dylan Thomas, Duke of Marmalade, Rock of Gibraltar George Washington and North Light. Promising Lead's dam Arrive showed good form in a brief racing career, winning three of her five races including the Listed Bahrain Trophy in 2001. As a broodmare she produced several other winners including the Princess Margaret Stakes winner Visit. Arrive was a full-sister to the outstanding broodmare Hasili and a granddaughter of Sookera.

Dudley Ward Way is a road tunnel through the south-eastern part of the Rock of Gibraltar. It is named after Sir Alfred Dudley Ward, Governor of Gibraltar from 8 June 1962 to 5 August 1965. The road running through the tunnel links the eastern side of The Rock (including Catalan Bay and Sandy Bay) via Sir Herbert Miles Road, with Europa Point, at the southern tip of Gibraltar via Europa Advance Road.

The cave was discovered in the 19th century during tunnelling work on the Rock of Gibraltar. It has less deposits than the higher caves like St. Michael's Cave. In 1901 the Admiralty decided to convert the cave so that it could be used as a magazine and they arranged for the approach to be lined with bricks because the ground was made up of red sand. The magazine took four years to complete.

Boathoist Cave is only accessible from the east coast of Gibraltar by boat or from inside the Rock of Gibraltar. During World War II access steps were built from man-made tunnels inside the Rock. The steps were intended to be used as an escape route for the Governor of Gibraltar if the Rock was invaded under the Axis powers' planned Operation Felix. From the cave he could have been transported to a waiting submarine.

Vanguard Cave is a natural sea cave in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar which is part of the Gorham's Cave complex. This complex of four caves has been nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site status in 2016. The cave complex is one of the last known habitations of the Neanderthals, with a period of inhabitation from 55,000 to 28,000 years ago. It is located on the southeast face of the Rock of Gibraltar.

A sample photograph showing how the Gibraltar model, on display at the Gibraltar Museum, includes every house and roadway. From 1861 to 1865, Warren worked on surveying Gibraltar. During this time he surveyed the Rock of Gibraltar using trigonometry and with the support of Major-General Frome, he created two long scale detailed models of Gibraltar. One of these was kept at Woolwich, but the other, which survives, is on display at Gibraltar Museum.

In 1941, he was recruited for a highly classified mission, Operation Tracer. In the event that Gibraltar was taken by the Axis powers, he was to be sealed into a secret chamber in the Rock of Gibraltar with five other men for about a year and report the movements of enemy vessels. Over a period of two years, the secret complex was completed and the team assembled and trained. However, the mission was never activated.

112 However, most of Gibraltar's small land area is occupied by the Rock of Gibraltar, a limestone outcrop that is riddled with caves and crevices.Sawchuk, p. 131 There are no rivers, streams, or large bodies of water on the peninsula, which is connected to Spain via a narrow sandy isthmus. Gibraltar's water supply was formerly provided by a combination of an aqueduct, wells, and the use of cisterns, barrels and earthenware pots to capture rainwater.

In 1990, Coolmore purchased a half-interest in Danehill, a grandson of Northern Dancer, and began shuttling him between Ireland and Australia. Danehill became a champion sire first in Australia and then in Europe, siring well over 300 stakes winners. His sons include current Coolmore stallions Rock of Gibraltar, Dylan Thomas, Fastnet Rock and Holy Roman Emperor. left Coolmore's current leading sire is Galileo, who as of 2016 has led the sire list nine times.

21 Despite British counter-fire, the Spanish were able to advance slowly along the isthmus linking Gibraltar with Spain by extending their trenches towards the British lines. The closer they came, the more difficult it was for the British to aim their cannon down into the Spanish lines. The near-vertical cliff of the North Front of the Rock of Gibraltar greatly restricted the space in which the British cannon could be deployed.

Eagle Mountain (born February 25, 2004) is a racehorse owned by Sheikh Mohammed Bin Khalifa Al Maktoum. He was sired by seven-time group one winner Rock of Gibraltar with the mare Masskana. Formerly Eagle Mountain was trained by Mike de Kock but is now trained by Steven McKee in New Zealand. He was brought out of retirement to be trained by McKee following fertility issues while trying to breed in New Zealand.

The Gibraltar South Mole Lighthouse is one of several lighthouses in Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory at the south end of the Iberian Peninsula. Also known as the Gibraltar "A" Head Lighthouse, it has a cast- iron, skeletal tower which is painted black and features two galleries. The lighthouse remains operational and is positioned west of the Rock of Gibraltar, on the South Mole at Gibraltar Harbour. It is operated by the Gibraltar Port Authority.

Flat Bastion Road is a road in Gibraltar, the British Overseas Territory at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. The road runs north-south, providing views of the city and Bay of Gibraltar. Previously known in Spanish as Senda del Moro (), the traditional Llanito name for the road is Cuesta de Mr. Bourne. The road angles along the west side of the Rock of Gibraltar to the Flat Bastion, a fortification.

The climate of Gibraltar is Mediterranean/Subtropical with mild winters and warm summers. Gibraltar has two main prevailing winds, an easterly one known as the Levante coming from the Sahara in Africa which brings humid weather and warmer sea currents and the other as Poniente which is westerly and brings fresher air and colder sea. Its terrain consists of the Gibraltar.gov.uk high Rock of Gibraltar and the narrow coastal lowland surrounding it.

Dennis Woods at Tracer's cave in 1998. Since World War II, rumours circulated of a secret room in the Rock of Gibraltar. For years, people explored the Rock's cliffs, tunnels, and caves, but to no avail. However, in late 1997, after searching for more than two years as a team, the Gibraltar Caving Group unearthed a secret complex in close proximity to Lord Airey's Battery at the Upper Ridge of the southern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve.

Its garrison included troops from Britain and the Electorate of Hanover. Spain formally began the siege in June 1779, the fourteenth and longest of Gibraltar, with the Spanish establishing a land blockade around the Rock of Gibraltar. The Spanish strategy combined a steady bombardment of Gibraltar from the land with seaborne attacks and attempts to cut off the supply lines to Morocco,Jackson, p. 152 planning to retake Gibraltar by blockading and starving out its garrison.

La Mairena is a hill top residential resort on the Costa del Sol, just 5 km (3 mi) from the coastal ruralisation of Elviria, on the eastern outskirts of Marbella, Spain. At 400 m (1300 ft) above sea level, the village offers stunning views towards the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the Mediterranean Sea, the Rock of Gibraltar and the African coast. The village is located within the municipalities of Ojen and Marbella, in the Andalusian province of Málaga.

Gibraltar Limestone consists of greyish-white or pale-gray compact, and sometime finely crystalline, medium to thick bedded limestones and dolomites that locally contain chert seams. This formation comprises about three quarters of the Rock of Gibraltar near the southernmost tip of the Iberian peninsula. Geologists have found various poorly preserved and badly eroded and rolled marine fossils within it. The fossils found in the Gibraltar Limestone include various brachiopods, corals, echinoid fragments, gastropods, pelecypods, and stromatolites.

The area is covered with vegetation, mostly native pine trees and cork oaks. Elviria is a villa area with some low rise luxury apartment complexes between the villas. Just a ten-minute drive from the centre of Marbella, is close to the many amenities of the bustling town of Marbella. Elviria hills (La Mairena and El Soto de Marbella) offer views towards the Sierra Nevada, the Mediterranean Sea, the Rock of Gibraltar and the African coast.

Additionally, the fortress was the focus of underwater attacks by the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina) commando frogman unit (Decima Flottiglia MAS) and their human torpedoes. This Italian unit was based on the interned Italian ship SS Olterra in the nearby Spanish harbour of Algeciras. A number of attacks were also carried out by Spanish and Gibraltarian agents acting on behalf of the German Abwehr. Inside the Rock of Gibraltar itself, miles of tunnels were excavated from the limestone.

Soldiers in 1953 who were in the Royal Electrical & Mechanical Engineers would enter AROW Street through this cave and make their way to their instrument workshop located in the Rock. The engineers would get to their cave along one of the many internal roads that run within the Rock of Gibraltar. Their cave had windows which allowed the engineers to work with natural light and they were able to see views across the Straits of Gibraltar to Africa.

North Mole, Detached Mole, and South Mole Bay of Gibraltar c1750 includes Gibraltar Harbour with Old Mole and short New Mole. The "New" Mole in the 1890s. Photograph taken from the "New" Mole looking south along its length in the 1890s . The South Mole at Gibraltar Harbour is one of a trio of breakwaters that provides protection to the harbour, in addition to that which results from the presence of the Rock of Gibraltar on its east side.

High Chaparral was voted the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Male Turf Horse in both 2002 and 2003. In 2001, he was rated the seventh-best two-year-old in Europe, nine pounds below the champion Johannesburg. A year later, he was rated the second-best racehorse in the world, two pounds behind Rock of Gibraltar. In 2003, High Chaparral was rated the equal-fourth-best horse in the world by the International Federation of Horse Racing Authorities.

Raglan's Battery was one of the first set of retired batteries which were proposed by General Sir John Jones. These "retired" batteries were the first to be set away from the shoreline in order that they could get greater range by taking advantage of the increased altitude of the Rock of Gibraltar. In addition the batteries were more difficult for the enemy to spot. Jones also recommended similar batteries at the Civil Hospital and the Jones' Battery.

These high angle guns were the antithesis of the famous gun carriage created by George Koehler which were designed to fire at a depressed angle down the side of the rock of Gibraltar and made a major contribution to the Great Siege of Gibraltar. Here the guns fired up. The advantage of height that the Spyglass battery enabled the guns here to have increased range. The battery here has the date of 1898 on its signage today.

Rock Gun Battery is an artillery battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is located on the North Face of the Rock of Gibraltar at the northern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve, above Green's Lodge Battery. The emplacement on Middle Hill is at the northern summit of the Rock. It was constructed during the Great Siege of Gibraltar, due to its advantageous position and the success of the gun at Green's Lodge Battery.

Requested to suggest another physician, a friend, he recommended Arthur Milner, a civilian doctor in Morecambe. Four additional men were recruited for the top secret mission. Operation Tracer entailed the sealing of six men in a cave in the Rock of Gibraltar for about a year, so that they could report the movements of enemy ships should Gibraltar fall to the Axis powers. After initial training was completed, a rehearsal was undertaken at Romney Marsh, England.

However, it is perhaps most well known for the discovery that four of its members made in December 1996. While exploring tunnels in the southern portion of the Rock of Gibraltar, they found the entrance to Operation Tracer, also known colloquially as Stay Behind Cave. Rumours of a covert World War II observation post had circulated in Gibraltar for decades. The Gibraltar Caving Group continued its exploration and evaluation of the facility under the auspices of the Gibraltar Museum.

They also excavated tunnels inside the Rock of Gibraltar to enable the defenders to fire down into the Spanish lines. After the siege, they assisted in rebuilding the civilian settlement at Gibraltar. The Soldier Artificers' numbers were increased several times to a peak of about 250 men organised in two companies. Their success was such that similar units were raised back in Britain to form the Corps of Royal Military Artificers, a predecessor to today's Royal Engineers.

Traditionally, the Pillars of Hercules flank the Strait of Gibraltar. Clearly, the European pillar is the Rock of Gibraltar; the African pillar was presumably either Monte Hacho in Ceuta or Jebel Musa in Morocco. The Roman road that led from Cádiz to Rome was known by several names, one of them being Via Herculea, Hercules route returning from his tenth labor. The present coat of arms of Andalusia shows Hercules between two lions, with two pillars behind these figures.

Aroeste has performed all over the world, including the Balkans, Cuba,Margaret Teich, “Notes to Cuba: A Musical Project,” The Forward, March 6, 2009. Sevilla for International Women's Day,“La Fundacion Tres Culturas dedica a la mujer un ciclo de musica y cine,” El Pais, February 24, 2005. the Sephardic Music Festival in New YorkBen Jacobson, “Spreading the Hanukka Spirit,” Jerusalem Post, December 18, 2006. and the Gibraltar World Music Festival in the Rock of Gibraltar.

Jews' Gate Cemetery, also known as the Windmill Hill Cemetery, is located on Windmill Hill near the southern entrance to the Upper Rock Nature Reserve on the Rock of Gibraltar. It is positioned along Queen's Road, southeast of its junction with Engineer Road. That is also the location of the Pillars of Hercules Monument which depicts "The Ancient World" (see below). The earliest known Jewish burials in Gibraltar are located within the cemetery and date back to 1746.

The artillery battery was located at the upper ridge of the Rock of Gibraltar, near the southern end of what is now the Upper Rock Nature Reserve. Construction began in late 1941 and was complete by the late summer 1942. The chambers served as a dual observation post, with an observation slit overlooking the Bay of Gibraltar and a larger aperture over the Mediterranean Sea. Six men were selected for the operation, an executive officer as leader, two physicians and three wireless operators.

Gibraltar's alt=Ruins of stone castle on a hillside Gibraltar is a mountainous peninsula on the far southern coast of Spain at one of the narrowest points in the Mediterranean, only from the coast of Morocco in North Africa. It is dominated by the steeply sloping Rock of Gibraltar, high. A narrow, low-lying isthmus connects the peninsula to the Spanish mainland. High coastal cliffs and a rocky shoreline make it virtually impossible to attack from the east or south.

Thompson is responsible for some enduring brand images in popular culture, such as the Rock of Gibraltar used for the Prudential Insurance Company. Today, JWT is one of the largest advertising agencies in the United States and the fourth-largest in the world. It is one of the key companies of Sir Martin Sorrell's WPP Group (NASDAQ:WPPGY) and is headquartered in New York. The global agency is led by Worldwide Chairman and Global CEO Bob Jeffrey who took over the role in 1998.

The Devil's Bellows fortification near Lathbury Barracks During World War II the extensive tunnels within the Rock of Gibraltar were further extended. This included a tunnel that joined these barracks to the Gun Operations Room. This operations room was well connected to other tunnels meaning that it was possible to travel to the north face of Gibraltar whilst remaining within the rock. Some of this journey would be down the Great North Road where you could take a ride on a passing truck.

King's Regiment's 2nd Battalion HQ in 1941 was in Star Chamber Cave within the Rock of Gibraltar The 2nd Battalion continued to serve in India following the Armistice and mobilised during the Third Afghan War in 1919. Leading a "Special Column", the battalion reached the Toba Plateau, some high, but the war was concluded before the battalion could engage Afghan forces.Wyrall, (1935/2000), p. 697. Those personnel who remained after the majority demobilised in 1920 joined the Sudan garrison, where the battalion reformed.

The battery and gallery are part of the North Front defences of the Rock of Gibraltar together with Forbes' Battery, Couvreport Battery, Bomb Proof Battery and the tunnel system. The northern defences consist of lines or batteries known as the Queen's, King's and Princes Lines. These lines are accessed by underground galleries where soldiers could shelter or travel safely behind enemy fire. This is a Class A listed building as designated by the Government of Gibraltar's Gibraltar Heritage Trust Act of 1989.

This battery was originally built along the access path up to the Gate of Granada. It is part of the North Front defences of the Rock of Gibraltar together with Couvreport Battery, Hanover Battery, Bomb Proof Battery and the tunnel system. This is a Class A listed building as designated by the Government of Gibraltar's Gibraltar Heritage Trust Act of 1989. The King's Lines occupy part of much older Moorish or Spanish Lines already in use during the siege of 1704.

Early in his career, Harvey had a live-in relationship with actress Hermione BaddeleyJoan Collins, Past Imperfect, Hodder and Stoughton 1978 p.31. (who appeared in a supporting role in Room at the Top, for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress). He left Baddeley in 1951 for actress Margaret Leighton, who was then married to publisher Max Reinhardt. Leighton and Reinhardt divorced in 1955, and she married Harvey in 1957 off the Rock of Gibraltar.

One of Spain's principal goals upon its entry into the American War of Independence in 1779 was the recovery of Gibraltar, which had been lost to Great Britain in 1704.Chartrand, pp. 12, 30 The Spanish planned to retake Gibraltar by blockading and starving out its garrison, which included troops from Britain and the Electorate of Hanover.Chartrand, pp. 23, 30–31, 37 The siege formally began in June 1779, with the Spanish establishing a land blockade around the Rock of Gibraltar.

Tectonic map of major structures in the Iberian Peninsula The Rock of Gibraltar is a monolithic limestone promontory created during the Jurassic period some 200 million years ago and uplifted during the Betic Orogeny. The Betic Cordillera is a mountain range in southern and southeastern Spain, oriented in an ENE direction. It stretches from the Gulf of Cádiz to the Cabo de la Nao. The Betic Cordillera was formed as a result of a complex interaction of the African Plate with Iberia.

At the north end of the complex, a second passage led to the main tunnel system, as well as a steep tunnel. That steep tunnel to a lower level may have functioned as a "spoil chute." During the Second World War, it is generally thought that German spies observed the amount of garbage and construction debris removed from the Rock of Gibraltar at a variety of sites. It allowed German authorities to assess the amount of ongoing tunneling in the Rock.

In October 1985 NTR inaugurated work on structure. For over a year, hundreds of labourers helped the temple architect and builder S.M.Ganapathi Sthapati create the statue. After five years and the expenditure of US$3 million, the statue stood at and weighed 350 tons, making it the world's tallest monolithic statue of the Buddha. A concrete platform measuring , now referred to as the "Rock of Gibraltar," was constructed in the middle of Hussain Sagar to aid in erecting the statue.

On November 5, they could see the Rock of Gibraltar, and they moored at Malta on November 16. About December 1, they arrived at Smyrna, and spent a month at the home of her mother-in-law. At the end of December, they removed to their new home, which stood near the sea shore and included a garden with fruit trees. They found her husband's former associates who were friendly to them, and soon, their residence in Smyrna became pleasant.

The tunnel was planned in January 1942 and was designed to be large enough to accept Army trucks carrying ammunition. Along the tunnel were chambers intended to contain stores of ammunition and supplies. The tunnel is entirely within the Rock of Gibraltar behind the east side which overlooks the Mediterranean. The name of the tunnel was based on the initials of the man in charge of the tunnel, Lt Col Arthur Robert Owen Williams (1905–1989) of 178 Tunnelling Company, Royal Engineers.

It is positioned at the "A" head of the South Mole (formerly specified as the extension), from which it derives its alternate name. The lighthouse and port are to the north of the east end of the Strait of Gibraltar, the entryway to the Mediterranean Sea, and west of the Rock of Gibraltar. The South Mole Lighthouse comprises a black, octagonal tower built of cast iron, with a height of . This description correlates with the photograph from The Online List of Lights.

Golf Ball is an example of the emerging "confident authority" of his single- image paintings with its "Rock of Gibraltar-like thereness". The "frontal and centralized presentation"'s directness lacked the sophistication to market the images of household goods for advertising but was considered daring artistically. The black and white painting on a grey background challenges both the natural perception of realism and the boundaries of abstraction. The work "gives us both the impression of space and the fact of surface".

Iberis gibraltarica, the Gibraltar candytuft, is a flowering plant of the genus Iberis and the family Brassicaceae.Iberis gibraltarica L. plant profile by the National Resources Conservation Service website It is the symbol of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve in Gibraltar, but is a native of North Africa. Gibraltar is the only place in Europe where it is found growing in the wild. The candytuft grows from crevices in the limestone, and is often seen growing in abundance from the north face of the Rock of Gibraltar.

Casterly Rock was inspired by the Rock of Gibraltar (pictured). A stronghold carved from a mountain overlooking the harbor city of Lannisport and the sea beyond, Casterly Rock is the ancestral seat of House Lannister. According to popular legend, the hero known as Lann the Clever tricked the Casterlys into giving up the Rock, and took it for himself. The Rock is renowned as the wealthiest region due to its abundance of gold mining resources, and it is one of the strongest castles of the Seven Kingdoms.

While The Lighthouse Directory suggests that the Gibraltar Aerobeacon does not strictly meet its criteria for a lighthouse, the publishers of the directory indicate that the light merits an exception. In Publication 113, it is referred to as the Gibraltar Aviation Light; in The Online List of Lights, it is referred to as the Gibraltar Aero Light. The light by all three names has the same Admiralty number (see infobox). The Gibraltar Aerobeacon (pictured in link below) is positioned on top of the Rock of Gibraltar.

He was the top two-year-old of 2001 in the United Kingdom and Ireland, by virtue of a two and a half length win in the National Stakes. He was not undefeated at two, however, having earlier finished second in the Railway Stakes behind a horse named Rock Of Gibraltar. Hawk Wing's subsequent victories in the National Stakes (in an all age course record time), and the Futurity Stakes led him to the position of favorite for the following year's 2,000 Guineas and Epsom Derby.

Princess Charlotte's Battery was an artillery battery built in Gibraltar during the 18th century. It was constructed in the Willis's Plateau area on the upper northern slopes of the Rock of Gibraltar. Formerly called Catalan Battery, it was renamed after Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, the wife of King Frederick I of Prussia, who was the brother of King George I of Great Britain. The battery saw service in the Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar in 1727 and inflicted substantial damage on the attacking Spanish forces.

Starting in the summer of 710, the Muslim forces in Morocco had launched several successful raids into Spain, which demonstrated the weakness of the Visigothic state. Taking advantage of the situation, the Muslim Berber commander, Tariq ibn Ziyad, who was stationed in Tangiers at the time, crossed the straits with an army of Arabs and Berbers in 711. Most of the invasion force of 15,000 were Berbers, with the Arabs serving as an "elite" force. Ziyad landed on the Rock of Gibraltar on 29 April 711.

The British overseas territory of Gibraltar has been a British fortress and bulwark for over 300 years. From the first days of World War II, the Rock became a pivot of the Mediterranean, Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa, was coordinated from the Rock. Operation Tracer, a top-secret mission in which six men were to be concealed inside a secret bunker inside the Rock of Gibraltar so that they could monitor enemy movements if the Rock was captured was also conducted through Gibraltar.

The Gibraltar Building, headquarters for the financial services company until 1986, is situated between two other office towers later built for the firm, all of which are connected by underground passage The name is inspired by the company's logo, the Rock of Gibraltar. The Gothic Revival structure was designed by the architect Cass Gilbert, renowned for many works including the Woolworth Building and the United States Supreme Court Building. Gilbert was also architect for the Kinney Building at the southeast corner of Broad and Market Streets.Emporis:Kinney Building.

Approximately 500 Spanish soldiers, led by a goat herder, scaled the Rock of Gibraltar from the south side and made it to St. Michael's Cave, where they stayed the first night. The next night, they climbed the Charles V Wall and killed a guard at Middle Hill. The Spaniards then assisted several hundred more Spanish soldiers up the Rock with ropes and ladders. However, they were discovered and many were killed or sent over a precipice, the Wolf's Leap, with the rest taken prisoner.

The trip is around via the western route and via the eastern route, with satellite tracking yielding an average travel time of 37 and 80 days respectively. The western route goes over the Rock of Gibraltar or over the Bay of Gibraltar, generally on a southwesterly track that takes them to the central part of the strait, from where they reach Morocco. Many birds fly around the Sahara next to the coast. About 10% of the western storks choose the passage Sicily – Cap Bon, Tunisia.

The Prudential rock, inspired by the Rock of Gibraltar, was also installed in the plaza, and placed along Mulberry Street. Devil fans were able purchase a limited amount of bricks that would be placed in and around the plaza with personalized messages inscribed. The plaza was opened to the public on October 3, 2009. On the opposite end of the arena, a statue of former New Jersey Devils goaltender Martin Brodeur was dedicated outside of the Lafayette Street entrance tower and practice rink on October 22, 2016.

The airport was constructed during World War II upon the territory's race course (introduced by the Maltese), when Gibraltar was an important naval base for the British. Opened in 1939, it was only an emergency airfield for the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm. However, the runway was later extended by reclaiming some land from the Bay of Gibraltar using rock blasted from the Rock of Gibraltar while carrying out works on military tunnels. This last major extension of the runway allowed larger aircraft to land at Gibraltar.

Greeting sign at the Gibraltar Cruise Terminal. Tourism in Gibraltar constitutes one of the British Overseas Territory's most important economic pillars, alongside financial services and shipping. Gibraltar's main attractions are the Rock of Gibraltar and its resident population of Barbary macaques (or "apes"), the territory's military heritage, duty-free shopping, casinos and marinas. Although the population of Gibraltar numbers only some 30,000 people, the territory recorded nearly 12 million visits in 2011, giving it one of the highest tourist-to-resident ratios in the world.

From the observation post in Gibraltar, soldiers sealed inside the cave would report movements of enemy vessels to the Admiralty, using clandestine wireless communication. British officers, including Commander Geoffrey Birley and chief engineer Colonel Fordham, performed reconnaissance of the Rock of Gibraltar and selected the existing tunnel system for Lord Airey's Shelter as the site of Operation Tracer. Initially, plans were made to provide a year's worth of accommodations for five men, including food, water, sanitation, and wireless communication. The scheme was later changed to one which would support six men.

Construction materials included Alabama limestone, North Carolina pink granite and Georgia marble. The property is situated on the south/east bank of the St. Johns River and includes of riverfrontage. A 2-ton piece of the Rock of Gibraltar, once in the lobby, is now found in the courtyard on the riverfront.Emporis Buildings: Jacksonville-One Prudential Plaza The building was used as background in scenes from the film Creature From the Black Lagoon. A sister building, Two Prudential Plaza, was constructed next door in 1985. The Prudential Building underwent a major renovation in 1988.

Gibraltar (previously known as the Hugh Rodney Sharp Mansion), located at 2505 Pennsylvania Avenue in Wilmington, Delaware, is a country estate home dating from c. 1844 that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It takes its name from the Rock of Gibraltar, alluding to the high rocky outcrop on which the house was built. It is located just inside Wilmington's city limits and originally stood at the center of a much larger estate which has over time been reduced to the present area of about a city block in size.

The earliest evidence of human journey through these lands are the remains of Neanderthals found in the Rock of Gibraltar. That may correspond to one of the world's last populations of this group of people. Additionally, there are remains of the earliest modern humans in the area, from the Lower Paleolithic. There are about 34 known caves and shelters with rock art and funerary structures and dolmens different representative periods from the Palaeolithic to the Cueva del Moro to the Bronze Age of the Tombs of the Algarbes with veranda megalithic burials.

The Great North Road is a large road tunnel in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It was constructed by the British military during World War II inside the Rock of Gibraltar and remains property of the Ministry of Defence to this day. The road allowed lorries to travel from the north to the south of Gibraltar entirely within the Rock. The tunnel still contains the remains of World War II buildings such as Nissen huts, kitchens, offices as well as a generating station and period anti-submarine nets.

A Royal Naval Air Service seaplane base was opened at Gibraltar during the First World War.Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - RAF Stations The airport was constructed during World War II when Gibraltar was an important naval base for the British. Originally opened in 1939, it was only an emergency airfield for the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm. However, the runway was later extended by reclaiming some land from the Bay of Gibraltar using rock blasted from the Rock of Gibraltar while carrying out works on military tunnels.

While referred to in the early 18th century as Willis's Battery, it was later known as Queen Anne's Battery or Queen's Battery. After the Great Siege of Gibraltar (1779–1783), it was again renamed after Charlotte, Princess Royal (1766–1828), the eldest daughter of King George III (1738–1820) and Queen Charlotte (1744–1818). In 1797, at age 30, the Princess Royal married Frederick, the Crown Prince of Wurttemberg (1754–1816). The battery was constructed about 1705, "upon the second declivity" at the north end of the Rock of Gibraltar.

This allowed the angle of the gun to be aimed down at an angle of seventy degrees. This enabled the defending soldiers to take advantage of the height of the Rock of Gibraltar. It was ingenius because the sliding carriage allowed the gun to recoil without sending the gun carriage into the air. This idea was later built into more conventional gun carriages. Colonel John Drinkwater in his accounts claimed that the gun hit its target 28 times out of 30 when aimed at the Spaniard's San Carlos Battery.

Because of his strong winning performance in the Shadwell Turf Mile Stakes, Landseer was then sent to Arlington Park in Chicago where he was entered as a supplemental nominee in the Breeders' Cup Mile. Once again Landseer would compete against nemesis Rock of Gibraltar, the overwhelming betting favorite. Racing in the middle of a fourteen-horse field for the first half mile, jockey Edgar Prado made a move with Landseer but at the top of the stretch the colt went down. His injuries were such that he had to be euthanized.

The undefeated Frankel is inbred to Northern Dancer. Statistical analysis has shown that inbreeding to Northern Dancer is on average slightly less effective than when stallions of his line are bred to mares who do not have Northern Dancer in their pedigree (referred to as an outcross). However, many successful stallions are inbred, in part because this can make it easier to pass on dominant characteristics. Notable sires that are inbred to Northern Dancer (within four generations) include Oasis Dream, Rock of Gibraltar, Hernando, Spinning World, and Redoute's Choice.

Green's Lodge Battery is an artillery battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It is located on the North Face of the Rock of Gibraltar at the northern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve, above Farringdon's Battery. Also known as the Superior Battery, it was named after General Sir William Green, who served in Gibraltar for twenty-two years, most of them as the chief engineer of Gibraltar. In 1776, guns were first mounted on the battery, which also saw action during the Great Siege of Gibraltar.

A portrait of Green, oil on canvas, that was executed circa 1785, is held by the Convent, the residence of the Governor of Gibraltar. Part of the Government Art Collection, it is entitled Major-General Sir William Green, Royal Engineers (Chief Engineer during the Siege of Gibraltar 1779–83). Green's Lodge Battery was named after General Sir William Green, then Lieutenant Colonel Green. The artillery battery was constructed in 1776 at the North Face of the Rock of Gibraltar at the northern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve, above Farringdon's Battery.

An aerial view Gibraltar ( , ) is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula.Dictionary.com: GibraltarThe Free Dictionary: Gibraltar It has an area of and is bordered to the north by Spain. The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar at the foot of which is a densely populated town area, home to over 32,000 people, primarily Gibraltarians. The civilian population includes Gibraltarian residents, other British residents (including the wives and families of UK-based servicemen, but not the servicemen themselves) and non-British residents.

The Detached Mole at Gibraltar Harbour, is one of a trio of breakwaters that provides protection to the harbour, in addition to the protection resulting from the presence of the Rock of Gibraltar itself on the east side of the harbour. The Detached Mole is positioned at the western aspect of the middle section of the harbour, which is located just north of the east entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. The Detached Mole is 800 metres in length. Yachting facilities, including the Queensway Quay Marina, are also in the middle section of the harbour.

Given that Gibraltar was a small town with only a few defences protecting it, the solution was to build a massive series of tunnels and chambers inside the natural protection of the Rock of Gibraltar. This "town" inside the Rock contained its own power station, water supply, and hospital. Some soldiers posted here would not see the light of day for months on end. Two Canadian engineer companies, the only soldiers with diamond-tipped drills and 5 British engineer companies, added some of such tunnels, a feat thought impossible at the time.

Genista III and Genista IV followed and all showed some evidence of habitation but Genista four was very inaccessible and was thought be a place of refuge rather than a place to live as its entrance was forty feet down from the summit on a cliff face of the Rock of Gibraltar. Most of the Genista floors are covered in stalagmites and investigators found human remains, pottery and broken bones. One possibility is that the caves were used as a place to live but after being abandoned they were reused as burial places.

Among his best offspring are Dylan Thomas, Rock of Gibraltar, Danehill Dancer, Fastnet Rock, George Washington and Duke of Marmalade. North Light's dam, Sought Out was a successful racemare who won the Group One Prix du Cadran and traces back to Country House the dam of Reform. Apart from North Light, she has produced the Jockey Club Cup winner Cover Up, and the Glorious Stakes winner Researched. North Light was trained throughout his career by Michael Stoute at Newmarket, Suffolk and was ridden in all but one of his races by Kieren Fallon.

Musteen, p. 44 At 19:00, delayed by the effect of the Rock of Gibraltar on the wind, the British squadron rounded Gibraltar and found the French and Spanish ships still assembling at Cabrita Point. The light wind prevented any rapid movement, and Saumarez began to slowly tack towards the combined squadron in line of battle formation. Moreno's departure had been delayed due to the state of the captured Hannibal, renamed Annibal, which was unable to make any progress under its jury masts and had been taken under tow by the frigate Indienne.

Lockheed Hudson of No. 233 Squadron RAF preparing for take-off in August 1942, with the Rock of Gibraltar in the background. A detachment from No. 233 Squadron was sent to Gibraltar in December 1941, and gradually the rest of the unit followed (though another detachment was left at RAF Thorney Island). It was not until July 1942 that the squadron fully assembled in Gibraltar, where it remained until February 1944. No. 233 was one of three Hudson squadrons in Gibraltar newly arrived from the UK.; it immediately took up anti-submarine operations.

From the base station, the cable car travels up the Rock of Gibraltar to the Ape's Den midway up the Rock, and then to the top of the Rock. Despite being called "top of the Rock", it is actually the second highest peak of the Rock at above sea level. There are between the two stations and the cars can take an attendant and 30 people up or down the cables. The cars travel between the three towers and the journey takes approximately six minutes at a speed of .

Despite missing two more matches later in the 2007–08 season, In the summer transfer window of 2008, Mensah was linked with Portsmouth, which also looked likely to be his future destination due to strong presence of African players, along with his international teammate Sulley Muntari at the club. He was also linked with a transfer to Wigan Athletic. An enquiry from Wigan for the Ghanaian was welcomed by Rennes, with assistant coach Philippe Redon commenting it would take at least £7 million to prize the "Rock of Gibraltar" from the club.

Mensah was called up to the Ghana squad for the FIFA World Cup in Germany. He made his World Cup debut and started the whole game, in a 2–0 loss against Italy on 12 June 2006. Following a 2–0 win against Czech Republic, Mensah helped Ghana finished second place in Group E following a 2–1 victory over the United States in their final group match. After the final whistle, Mensah lifted his team jersey to reveal a T-shirt displaying "John Mensah – Rock of Gibraltar", his nickname in Ghana.

In 1820, St. Clair returned to the Rock of Gibraltar as one of the senior officers in command of the garrison at the age of just 36. In 1832 he was sent to Malta and in 1834 he published A Soldiers Recollections of the West Indies and America. This included his journey to Stabroek aboard HMS Brilliant that arrived early in 1806 and left him in South America until his return in June 1808. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1838 Coronation Honours.

Punctilious is a bay mare with a white star bred in the United Kingdom by her owner Bjorn Nielsen. She was sired by Danehill a highly successful breeding stallion who sired the winners of more than a thousand races, including one hundred and fifty-six at Group One/Grade I level. Among his best offspring were Dylan Thomas, Rock of Gibraltar, George Washington and North Light. Punctilious's dam Robertet was a high-class staying racemare who recorded her biggest win in the Grand Prix de Deauville as a four-year-old in 1990.

The Living World is a long-running natural history radio programme, made by the BBC and broadcast on its Radio 4. The series was created at the BBC Natural History Unit by Dilys Breese and Derek Jones, initially as a 52-week series, in 1968. It chiefly covers topics related to the flora and fauna of the British Isles, with occasional forays further afield, such as a 1997 episode on the wildlife of the Rock of Gibraltar. For many years until 2009 the lead presenter was Lionel Kelleway.

It is the oldest coat of arms in use in an overseas territory of the United Kingdom and is unique in that it is the only armorial insignia that dates from before the period of British colonial administration. The arms differ from the seal of Gibraltar, which is an image of the Rock of Gibraltar with a sailing ship in the forefront. There is no evidence available as to when this image was created. From 1982, a banner of the arms has been used as the flag of Gibraltar.

Directly above Sandy Bay and the Sir Herbert Miles coast road were Gibraltar's large water catchments, which are no longer in use. The slope on which they sat is the Great Gibraltar Sand Dune, an ancient consolidated sand dune which dominates the east side of the Rock of Gibraltar. The dune's naturally smooth surface allowed for the construction of a water catchment area made up of a corrugated steel sheets and a layer of concrete. Rainwater flowed down the slope into an open channel which fed into the reservoir system inside The Rock.Discovergibraltar.

Wilson's Cave is a large natural limestone cave within the Rock of Gibraltar. It was discovered by the military during World War II during excavation of Magazine Ramp near Green Lane Magazine"The Gibraltar Tunnels" by Tito Vallejo whilst carrying out extensive tunnelling within the Rock. The miners were developing a structure to absorb a possible blast (known as a blast trap) from an exploding magazine when part of the tunnel caved into the natural cavity. The magazine was served from Doncaster Adit off the Great North Road which supplied vehicular access to the outside.

Instead, the first wave ignored their orders and charged up the side of the Rock of Gibraltar in an attempt to reach the Moorish Castle. As the second wave was landing without cover, the Moorish garrison launched a sally and caught the Castilians landing on the beach. Many were killed there, forcing the remainder to retreat and cutting off around 1,500 men still on the upper slopes. The Moors positioned themselves to block any further landings, raining arrows on approaching boats and cavalry lined up to deal with any Castilians who made it ashore.

Remains of the Signal Station just south of Signal Hill Battery The top of the Rock of Gibraltar is a natural site for a signal station and the high Signal Hill has had a Signal Station since at least 1727. In 1773 it had its first 6-pounder gun installed. The height above sea level gave the gun extra range and it could also fire in any direction. However, in Gibraltar height can be a disadvantage as the levanter cloud can interfere with the gunners view of targets.

The Europa Batteries are a group of artillery batteries in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. Facing the North African coast, they are the most southerly batteries in Gibraltar and were built to cover ships approaching from the Mediterranean Sea. They run along the fortified clifftops of Europa Point from Camp Bay on the west side of the Rock of Gibraltar to the Europa Advance Batteries on the east side. The batteries were constructed in the 18th century on top of an old coastal wall built by King Charles V of Spain.

Outside the equine business, Magnier has proven to be an astute investor and together with associates J. P. McManus, Dermot Desmond, Joe Lewis, Michael Tabor and Derrick Smith has enjoyed phenomenal success. A high-profile venture was his stake of 28.89 per cent shareholding in the famous football club, Manchester United F.C., which was sold in May 2005 to Malcolm Glazer, an American businessman. A personal friendship with manager Alex Ferguson was tested in a dispute over bloodstock rights to prolific Group 1 winner (seven wins) Rock of Gibraltar which currently stands at Coolmore.

Logo of the ABB, featuring the Rock of Gibraltar The African Blood Brotherhood for African Liberation and Redemption (ABB) was a U.S. black liberation organization established in 1919 in New York City by journalist Cyril Briggs. The group was established as a propaganda organization built on the model of the secret society. The group's socialist orientation caught the attention of the fledgling American communist movement and the ABB soon evolved into a propaganda arm of the Communist Party of America. The group was terminated in the early 1920s.

100 A statue on Gibraltar's Main Street commemorates the Soldier Artificer Company. It bears the inscription: "Presented to the people of Gibraltar by the Corps of Royal Engineers to commemorate the continuous service given by the corps on the Rock of Gibraltar from 1704, and the formation here in 1772 of the first Body of Soldiers of the Corps, then known as the Company of Soldier Artificers. (26 March 1994)." In 1972, the Gibraltar Philatelic Bureau issued a stamp commemorating the Soldier Artificers and the bicentenary of the Royal Engineers in Gibraltar.

A Barbary macaque sitting on a fence at the Gibraltar Cable Car top station. The name Barbary refers to the Berber People of Morocco who since the beginning of history had ties with the animals surrounding their region, as the Barbary macaques. The macaque population had also been present on the Rock of Gibraltar long before Gibraltar was captured by the British in 1704 and according to records, since prior to reconquest of Gibraltar from the Muslims. It was during the Islamic period where a purported introduction may have taken place.

Atlas was petrified; his hair became a forest and his shoulders became cliffs. Heracles was then directed to get the Cattle of Geryon and deliver them to Eurystheus. Heracles' way was blocked by the mountain that Perseus had created; to clear a way, he used his mace to split the mountain in half, one part becoming the Rock of Gibraltar and the other becoming a mountain in Morocco. According to the myth, this split in the mountain created a sea link between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea.

The "Gibraltar Brigade" was a famed infantry brigade within the Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War. Noted for its tenacity in combat, the brigade drew its nickname from the steadfastness of the Rock of Gibraltar. It served in many of the leading battles of the Eastern Theater, including key actions during the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 when elements of the brigade counter-attacked Confederates from North Carolina and the Louisiana Tigers on Cemetery Hill. Another portion of the brigade helped repulse Pickett's Charge the following day.

Mediterranean Steps is a path and nature trail in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. One of the footpaths of Gibraltar, the path is located entirely within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve and was built by the British military but is now used by civilians as a pedestrian route linking Martin's Path to Lord Airey's Battery near the summit of Rock of Gibraltar. The path offers views over the Strait of Gibraltar, Windmill Hill, Europa Point, the Great Sand Dune, Gibraltar's east side beaches, the Mediterranean Sea and the Spanish Costa del Sol.

Nun's Well, thought to be the oldest surviving water storage structure in Gibraltar Gibraltar was uninhabited during ancient times due in part to a lack of easily accessible water to support a permanent population,Jackson, p. 22 but in the 11th century the Moors established a fortified stronghold there in response to military threats from the Christian kingdoms of Aragon and Castile.Hills, p. 13 The Moors obtained water through roof catchment of rainfall, shallow wells in the Quaternary sands to the west of the Rock of Gibraltar, and storing local surface runoff in cisterns.

At this time, Laine had become more popular in the United Kingdom than in the US, as many of his hit records in the UK were only minor hits in his native country. Songs like "The Gandy Dancer's Ball", "The Rock of Gibraltar", and "Answer Me, O Lord" were much bigger hits for him abroad. "Answer Me" would later provide the inspiration for Paul McCartney's composition "Yesterday". It was also there that he broke attendance records when appearing at the Palladium, and where he launched his first successful television series (with songstress Connie Haines).

The ship encounters dense clouds of radioactive smoke all around Great Britain, through which can be seen the ruins of Big Ben and London. Lacking information, the ship sets off to scout the Mediterranean coastline, counterclockwise from southern Italy to Gibraltar. Off the coast of Brittany the ship encounters a non-communicative submarine which tails them until the ship arrives off the destroyed Rock of Gibraltar, where it vanishes. Nathan James continues to scout the Mediterranean coastline, finding only masses of people suffering from radiation sickness who have fled the chaos inland.

Samitar is a bay filly with no white markings bred in England by the Wiltshire-based Norman Court Stud. As a yearling she was consigned to the Tattersalls sale in October 2010 and was bought for 39,000 guineas by the bloodstock agent Gill Richardson. She entered the ownership of Nick & Olga Dhandsa and John & Zoe Webster and was sent into training with Mick Channon at West Ilsley in Berkshire. Samitar was from the sixth crop of foals sired by Rock of Gibraltar who won seven Group 1 races in a row, including the 2000 Guineas.

This was deliberately contrasted with the concurrent scene featuring Scully, who is speaking to Mulder over a telephone. This was shot using a camera dolly and a "graphically balanced" mise-en-scène, intended to leave the character seeming as "balanced, confident, strong" as "the Rock of Gibraltar".Edwards, p. 158 Bowman, who felt that the finished episode "was really like a movie", has stated that his cut of the episode impressed series creator Chris Carter enough for Carter to offer Bowman the job of directing the series' film adaptation.

The sailors showed their gratitude and encouraged continued burning of the lights in the chapel and adjacent tower by leaving supplies of oil at the Roman Catholic shrine. While the shrine's tower is not listed in nautical publications, its history as an aid to navigation in earlier centuries is sufficiently well known that many consider it "Gibraltar's first lighthouse." Aside from the aerobeacon on the Rock of Gibraltar and the lighthouse at Europa Point, all of the lighthouses in Gibraltar are located within the harbour. They may be divided into two groups: west and east.

Flat Bastion Road begins to the southeast of the Garrison Library, at the intersection of Prince Edward's Road and Castle Road, north of its junction with Devil's Gap Road. Proceeding in a southerly direction, it becomes Gardiner's Road as it passes through Charles V Wall, just before it reaches Europa Road. The road runs along the west side of the Rock of Gibraltar, leading to the Flat Bastion fortification. The original Flat Bastion, then called Baluarte de Santiago (Santiago's Bastion), was built by the Spanish some time between 1565 and 1627.

Barbary macaque Northern bald ibis, Morocco's only endemic bird species One of the best-known mammals of Morocco is the Barbary macaque, the only monkey in Africa to be found north of the Sahara. It is found in the forests and more remote parts of the Rif, Middle and High Atlas, as well as on the Rock of Gibraltar in extreme Southern Europe. Their numbers are declining in Morocco as their habitat is reduced by logging, clearing for crops and overgrazing. Other large mammals include the mouflon, gazelles and wild boar, but they are not plentiful.

In 1892, T.H. Barton at Hornsbys enhanced the engine by replacing the vaporiser with a new cylinder head and increased the compression ratio to make the engine run on compression alone. This Hornsby- Akroyd oil engine design was hugely successful: during the period from 1891 through 1905, a total of 32,417 engines were produced. They would provide electricity for lighting the Taj Mahal, the Rock of Gibraltar, the Statue of Liberty (chosen after Hornsby won the oil engine prize at the Chicago World's Fair of 1893), many lighthouses, and for powering Guglielmo Marconi's first transatlantic radio broadcast.

During the 18th and 19th centuries a gallows was accessible from within the 18th century tunnels inside Willis' Gallery in the northeastern part of the Rock of Gibraltar. The nearest entrance to this part of the tunnel system is by Princess Anne's Battery. The gallows and floggings were administered in sight of the Spanish troops who manned the Spanish Lines across the isthmus (the Spanish fortifications were later dismantled). Prior to the foundation of the Alameda Gardens in 1816, its location (the Grand Parade, an assembly ground situated to the south of the town, beyond Southport Gates) was the place of public executions.

There were several unsuccessful attempts to establish a museum in Gibraltar during the 19th century. Significant local finds could not be kept on The Rock because there was no museum, resulting in the first known adult Neanderthal skull (the so-called Gibraltar skull) went to the Natural History Museum in London. This was the second Neanderthal fossil to be found and was excavated in 1848 at Forbes' Quarry on the north face of the Rock of Gibraltar. The first known collection established in Gibraltar was due to the Reverend John White, chaplain at Gibraltar from 1756 to 1774.

Few fortifications exist on the east side, as the sheer cliff of the Rock of Gibraltar is a virtually impassable obstacle. Further fortifications occupy the plateaus of Windmill Hill and Europa Point at the southern end of the peninsula. Lookout posts and batteries on the summits of the Rock provide a 360° view across the Strait and far into Spain. Although Gibraltar is now largely demilitarised, many of the fortifications are still intact and some, such as the Great Siege Tunnels and the Charles V Wall – where many of Gibraltar's famous "apes" live – have become tourist attractions.

An aerial view of modern Gibraltar, looking north- west The nature and position of Gibraltar's defences have been dictated by the territory's topography. It is a long, narrow peninsula measuring by wide at maximum, with a land area of about . The only land access to the peninsula is via a sandy isthmus, only above sea level, most of which is now occupied by the Spanish town of La Línea de la Concepción. The peninsula is dominated by the limestone massif of the Rock of Gibraltar, which presents a sheer cliff over high at its north end, facing the isthmus.

In 2003, Ferguson launched legal action against the then major Manchester United shareholder John Magnier over stud rights for race horse Rock of Gibraltar. Magnier counter-sued Ferguson by filing a "Motion to Comply" requiring Ferguson to substantiate his claim for half of Rock of Gibraltar's stud fees. The legal issues were further compounded by Magnier being a significant shareholder in the football club managed by Ferguson at the time. Magnier requested that "99 Questions" be answered over Ferguson's transfer dealings, including those of Jaap Stam, Juan Sebastián Verón, Tim Howard, David Bellion, Cristiano Ronaldo and Kléberson.

The Great Siege of Gibraltar was an attempt by France and Spain to capture Gibraltar from Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. Lasting from July 1779 to February 1783, it was the fourteenth and final siege of Gibraltar. During the siege, British and Spanish forces faced each other across an approximately wide stretch of the marshy open ground that forms the isthmus immediately to the north of the Rock of Gibraltar. The British lines blocked access to the City and the western side of the Rock, while the eastern side of the Rock was inaccessible because of its steep terrain.

Among his best offspring are Dylan Thomas, Rock of Gibraltar, George Washington and North Light. Love Me True is a half-sister to Shuailaan (Winter Hill Stakes), Madison's Charm (Comely Stakes) and Bite The Bullet (Sanford Stakes), and, as a granddaughter of Lassie Dear, is closely related to Summer Squall, A.P. Indy and Lemon Drop Kid. The name "Duke of Marmalade" is derived from a title created by King Henri Christophe for a member of the new Haitian nobility following the Haitian Revolution. The name had previously been used for an Italian thoroughbred racehorse which won the Premio Roma in 1975 and 1976.

The coat of arms of the government of Gibraltar combines that of Her Majesty's Government and Gibraltar's own coat of arms. Today, the official coat of arms as used by the government of Gibraltar consists of the original coat of arms with the addition of the motto Montis Insignia Calpe ("Insignia of the Mountain of Calpe"; Mons Calpe was the Latin name of the Rock of Gibraltar), which was granted by the College of Arms in 1836 to commemorate the 1779–83 Great Siege of Gibraltar.Ian Sumner, British Colours & Standards 1747-1881 (2): Infantry, p. 9. Osprey Publishing, 2001.

The University of Gibraltar is a degree-awarding higher education institution established by the Government of Gibraltar through the University of Gibraltar Act 2015. The founding of the university was described by Gibraltar's Chief Minister Fabian Picardo as "a coming-of-age" for the British Overseas Territory. The university's main campus is at Europa Point, the southernmost part of the Rock of Gibraltar, within a range of restored former military buildings. Aligned to UK standards, the range of disciplines offered for research and study include Business & Management, History & Culture, Education, Natural Sciences & Environment, Health & Sport Sciences and Responsible Gaming.

Retrieved 17 December 2014. During her February appearance, which was Hall's first ever appearance at the Palace Theatre, she received a roaring welcome in front of a capacity house, and took six bows at the end of her performance. It was also noted in several newspapers that Lew Leslie had tried everything in his capacity bar from erecting a 'Rock of Gibraltar' to prevent Hall from appearing at any venue without his consent since she quit Blackbirds. Having failed, Leslie did however manage to put a temporary restraint on her using any of the songs from Blackbirds in her show.

Star Chamber Cave is a natural limestone cave in Gibraltar which was incorporated into the Northern Defences complex/ The cave is within the Rock of Gibraltar at the centre of a tunnel system known as the Lower Galleries. King's Battalion HQ Unlike the Upper Galleries these are not a tourist attraction but can be visited by prior arrangement. The main entrance is by Hanover Battery and Star Chamber Cave is only found after travelling through the Hanover and King's Galleries which were created from 1787 to 1789. Star Chamber Cave could also be accessed via the King's Lines fortification.

In April 1683 he was recalled from Hull to join Lord Dartmouth's expedition to Tangier as chief engineer. Samuel Pepys sailed with this expedition, and his narrative of the voyage was published in 1841. On 29 August, when at sea, Pepys read Beckman's project for the destruction of Tangier. The object of the expedition – the destruction of the mole and defences of Tangier and the withdrawal of the garrison – having been satisfactorily accomplished, Beckman went to Gibraltar, and made a plan of the Rock of Gibraltar in two sheets, which is now in the King's Library, British Museum.

Mount Nelson was a bay horse with a white star and stripe bred by the Cliveden Park Stud in Buckinghamshire. Mount Nelson was from the first crop of foals sired by Rock of Gibraltar who won seven Group 1 races in a row, including the 2000 Guineas. He has gone on to sire a number of other top racehorses, including Society Rock, Eagle Mountain, Varenar (Prix de la Forêt) and Samitar (Irish 1000 Guineas). Mount Nelson's dam, Independence, was a high-class racemare who won four races including the Matron Stakes and the Sun Chariot Stakes in 2001.

One of the reservoirs constructed inside the Rock of Gibraltar The third phase of tunnelling was prompted by the rise of Nazi Germany and the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. Air-raid shelters and underground hospitals were constructed from 1936, while improvements to Gibraltar's water supply were made between 1933–38 with the construction of four new underground reservoirs. An additional reservoir was begun but was used, in its incomplete state, as a storehouse and barracks for 4th Battalion the Black Watch during the Second World War. The improvements made during this phase increased the total length of the tunnels from to .

The Prince's Lines are part of the fortifications of Gibraltar, situated on the lower slopes of the north-west face of the Rock of Gibraltar. They are located at a height of about on a natural ledge above the Queen's Lines, overlooking the landward entrance to Gibraltar, and run from a natural fault called the Orillon to a cliff at the southern end of the isthmus linking Gibraltar with Spain.Hughes & Migos, p. 335 The lines face out across the modern Laguna Estate, which stands on the site of the Inundation, an artificial lake created to obstruct landward access to Gibraltar.

Entrance to Second World War tunnels on northwestern side of Rock of Gibraltar Keightley Way road tunnel, constructed in 1960 The reduction in the British military presence from the 1980s onwards has led to decommissioning of many of the tunnels. The responsibility for maintaining them was devolved to the Government of Gibraltar's Ministry of Works and then to the British Ministry of Public Building and Works, and their successors. Some of the tunnels are now open to the public. The Upper Galleries, excavated during the Great Siege, are now a tourist attraction under the name of the Great Siege Tunnels.

Aside from humans' (genus Homo), the macaques are the most widespread primate genus, ranging from Japan to the Indian subcontinent, and in the case of the barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), to North Africa and Southern Europe. Twenty-three macaque species are currently recognized, all of which are Asian except for the Barbary Macaque; including some of the monkeys best known to non-zoologists, such as the rhesus macaque (M. mulatta), and the barbary macaque, a colony of which lives on the Rock of Gibraltar in Southern Europe. Macaques are robust primates whose arms and legs are about the same in length.

In 1892, T.H. Barton at Hornsbys enhanced the engine by replacing the vaporiser with a new cylinder head and increased the compression ratio to make the engine run on compression alone pre-dating Rudolph Diesel's engine. This Hornsby-Akroyd oil engine design was hugely successful: during the period from 1891 through 1905, a total of 32,417 engines were produced. They would provide electricity for lighting the Taj Mahal, the Rock of Gibraltar, the Statue of Liberty (chosen after Hornsby won the oil engine prize at the Chicago World's Fair of 1893), many lighthouses, and for powering Guglielmo Marconi's first transatlantic radio broadcast.

Most of the Rock's upper area is covered by a nature reserve, which is home to around 300 Barbary macaques. These macaques, as well as a labyrinthine network of tunnels, attract many tourists each year. The Rock of Gibraltar was one of the two Pillars of Hercules and was known to the Romans as Mons Calpe, the other pillar being Mons Abyla or Jebel Musa on the African side of the Strait. According to ancient myths fostered by the Greeks and the Phoenicians, and later perpetuated by the Romans, the two points marked the limit to the known world.

While many movies in film noir have predictable plots, The Running Man featured a plot that was unpredictable, which was its best asset. The film's finale saw Lee Remick standing wearily on a dock, looking at a departing boat with the Rock of Gibraltar looming in the background. Bates went into an adaptation of Harold Pinter's The Caretaker (1963) with Donald Pleasence and Robert Shaw. It was directed by Clive Donner who then made Nothing But the Best (1964) with Bates. He supported Anthony Quinn in Zorba the Greek (1964) and James Mason in Georgy Girl (1966).

In January 1940, he meets Oberbeil due to his friendship with Ramón Serrano Suñer, who suggests that he goes to London as a spy for the German intelligence service Abwehr. While other Spaniard Miguel Piernavieja, takes charge of sending reports to the Germans, Alcázar de Velasco created a spy network in Spain. His main objective in this task was to inform about the traffic of British ships, to gain information from the staff of British embassies and, eventually, to come up with a plan in order to blow up the Rock of Gibraltar. To do this, Wilhelm Canaris came to Spain.

Fairy King Prawn is a bay gelding bred in Australia by Catherine Redmond. His sire Danehill (who died in 2003) was a highly successful breeding stallion, producing the winners of more than a thousand races, including one hundred and fifty-six at Group One/Grade I level. Among his best offspring are Duke of Marmalade, Dylan Thomas, Rock of Gibraltar, George Washington and North Light. Fairy King Prawn's dam Twiglet was a high-class Australian racehorse who won the Edward Manifold Stakes in 1990 and went on to be a successful broodmare, also producing the Salinger Stakes winner Easy Rocking.

The Gibraltar North Mole Elbow Lighthouse (shown on map and pictured in links below) is located at the elbow of the L-shaped North Mole of Gibraltar Harbour. It is positioned at the "E" head of the North Mole, from which the lighthouse derives its alternate name. The lighthouse and harbour are west of the Rock of Gibraltar, and north of the east end of the Strait of Gibraltar, which serves as access to the Mediterranean. The Gibraltar North Mole Elbow Lighthouse is a grey, square, skeletal tower, with a height of 25 metres (82 feet).

Europa Point Lighthouse The lighthouse, which remains active, is strategically located at the southeastern tip of the Rock of Gibraltar at Europa Point, between the Atlantic and Mediterranean, rising to above the high-water mark. The Mediterranean is to the east, the Bay of Gibraltar to the northwest, and the Strait of Gibraltar to the southwest. The lighthouse has a masonry tower with lantern and gallery; the tower is painted white, with a single wide red horizontal band in the middle. It is locally known as "La Farola" (literally 'lamppost' in Spanish) in Llanito, Gibraltar's spoken vernacular.

Grand Casemates Square, renovated and pedestrianised in the late 1990s. Signage erected on the Rock of Gibraltar by the Gibraltar Tourist Board. For much of Gibraltar's history as a British territory, its economy relied on its dual status as a key British military base and a trading entrepôt at the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea. Tourism first became significant between the two World Wars and expanded considerably after World War II due to the opening of Gibraltar's first marina, built in 1961, as it was the first in the region and began to attract increasing numbers of yachts and cruise ships.

The battery was refurbished by 10 Signal Regiment in 2012 and 2016 whilst being on Ceremonial duties whilst the Gibralter Regiment where on exercise and is one of three surviving 9.2-inch gun emplacements at the Upper Ridge of the Rock of Gibraltar. By the late twentieth century, the 9.2-inch guns in Gibraltar, Bermuda (also known affectionately as "the Rock", and the former site of a Royal Naval Dockyard, and once considered "the Gibraltar of the West"), Portugal, South Africa, and Australia were the remaining examples of an emplacement that at one point had been mounted at strategic locations across the British Empire.

Jackson, p. 152–153. Throughout the siege, the Spanish attempted to starve the garrison into submission by blockading the isthmus and bribing the Sultan of Morocco into cutting off supplies while bombarding the town and its fortifications. The Great Siege was noteworthy for the efforts of engineers on both sides to gain advantage through the adoption of novel technologies, such as the Spanish floating batteries and the British depressing carriages to allow cannon to fire downwards from the Rock of Gibraltar. The siege ended in a humiliating failure for Spain, as all attempts made on Gibraltar were repulsed with 6,000 killed and all floating batteries destroyed.

The estate was developed around 1844 by John Rodney Brincklé, grandnephew of the first Governor of Delaware, Caesar Rodney. It was located in the western part of Wilmington just within the city limits and was named for its position on a high rocky outcrop overlooking the city, in an allusion to the Rock of Gibraltar. Brincklé was said to have built it in an unsuccessful attempt to woo a woman from Philadelphia and subsequently used it as a retreat and as a base where he could carry out horticultural experiments and entertain friends and relatives. The estate originally extended over an area of about .

During World War II the British military constructed an underground bombproof city for 16,000 troops with enough supplies to last sixteen months, entirely within the Rock of Gibraltar. Facilities included a telephone exchange, a generating station, a water desalination plant, a hospital, a frozen food store, a bakery, ammunition magazines, a vast Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) shed where damaged vehicles and equipment could be repaired and roads. The road was built within a tunnel started when the 180 Tunneling Company of the Royal Engineers was created in 1940. The following year the 180 Company was joined by the 170 and 178 Companies.

O'Hara's Tower was a watchtower in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. It was located at the highest point of the Rock of Gibraltar, at what is now O'Hara's Battery, near the southern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve. Initially known as St. George's Tower, it was constructed in the late 18th century on the order of then Lieutenant Governor Charles O'Hara, under the presumption that it would be useful in observing the enemy at the Port of Cadiz. Not only was it unsuccessful, it was struck by lightning shortly after it was built, and remained in ruins for much of the 19th century until its demolition in 1888.

O'Hara's Tower was in Gibraltar, the British Overseas Territory at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. The watchtower was located at the summit of the Rock of Gibraltar near what is now O'Hara's Battery in the southern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve, at an altitude of . It was positioned at the southern terminus of the current O'Hara's Road, known as O'Hara's Point. O'Hara's Tower, Gibraltar by George Lothian Hall 1825-1888 from Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection The tower had first been proposed by General Charles O'Hara, then Lieutenant Governor, who served as Governor of Gibraltar from 1795 to 1802.

Green's Lodge Battery is in Gibraltar, the British Overseas Territory at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. The artillery battery is located more than 1,000 feet up the North Face of the Rock of Gibraltar, at the northern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve, above Farringdon's Battery and adjacent to Ministry of Defence property. Also referred to as the Superior Battery, the emplacement is positioned at the end of the Green's Lodge Nature Trail, off Signal Station Road. Green's Lodge Nature Trail is more formally referred to as Green's Lodge Road, although it bears little resemblance to a road in its current state.

Phoenician archeological site, dated to the 7th centuryBC, next to the Cathedral of Ceuta Controlling access between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar is an important military and commercial chokepoint. The Phoenicians realized the extremely narrow isthmus joining the Peninsula of Almina to the African mainland makes Ceuta eminently defensible and established an outpost there in the early 1st millenniumBC. The Greek geographers record it by variations of Abyla, the ancient name of nearby Jebel Musa. Beside Calpe, the other Pillar of Hercules now known as the Rock of Gibraltar, the Phoenicians established Kart at what is now San Roque, Spain.

Peeping Fawn was bred by Barnett Enterprises, a breeding organisation associated with Coolmore Stud. She is by Danehill, a leading sire in Europe and Australia who sired over 300 stakes winners including Danehill Dancer, Dylan Thomas and Rock of Gibraltar. Her dam, Maryinsky by Sadler's Wells, was bred to Danehill in Ireland then sent to the United States where she foaled Peeping Fawn, who is thus considered an American-bred horse. Maryinsky was out of Kentucky Oaks winner Blush With Pride, who was also the dam of Better Than Honour, the dam of four stakes winners including back-to-back winners of the Belmont Stakes, Jazil and Rags to Riches.

In the 2004–05 FA Cup, they lost on penalties to Arsenal. A second-round exit from the European Cup at the hands of Milan and a semi-final exit from the League Cup at the hands of eventual winners Chelsea (who also clinched the Premier League title) meant that 2004–05 was a rare instance of a trophyless season for United. During the season, Ferguson managed his 1,000th game in charge of United in a 2–1 home win against Lyon. Ferguson's preparations for the 2005–06 season were disrupted by a high-profile dispute with major shareholder John Magnier, over the ownership of the racehorse Rock of Gibraltar.

The Rock of Gibraltar was first fortified with the Moorish Castle in 710 AD. It was the site of ten sieges during the Middle Ages, some of them successful. An Anglo-Dutch force captured the Gibraltar peninsular in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession; possession was assigned to Britain in the 1713 peace Treaty of Utrecht that ended the war. The Spanish made an unsuccessful attempt to recapture Gibraltar in 1727 during the Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729). After the war ended with the Treaty of Seville (1729), in 1730 Spain built a line of fortifications across the north of the peninsula, cutting Gibraltar off from the mainland.

While playing for Indian Railways, Singh won a vital link under the leadership of Charanjit Singh. He was included in the Indian field hockey team headed for the Tokyo Olympics in 1964, which regained the Olympic title at Tokyo after defeating their arch-rivals Pakistani team. Commenting on the performance of Indian team at Tokyo, Melville de Mellow wrote: "All played brilliant hockey, but as always some were superb: Prithipal Singh, who scored 11 of India's 22 goals in the tournament will be remembered particularly for he was like the Rock of Gibraltar".Victory Among the Chrysanthemums, From 'Story of the Olympics', Melville de MellowTokyo, 1964. www.bharatiyahockey.

The Queen's Lines are a set of fortified lines, part of the fortifications of Gibraltar, situated on the lower slopes of the north-west face of the Rock of Gibraltar. They occupy a natural ledge which overlooks the landward entrance to Gibraltar and were an extension to the north-east of the King's Lines. They run from a natural fault called the Orillon to a cliff above the modern Laguna Estate, which stands on the site of the Inundation, an artificial lake created to obstruct landward access to Gibraltar.Hughes & Migos, pp. 344–5 The Prince's Lines run immediately behind and above them on a higher ledge.

Europa Point as seen from the Strait of Gibraltar. Europa Point (Spanish and Llanito: Punta de Europa or Punta Europa), is the southernmost point of Gibraltar (the Southeast most point of the Iberian Peninsula being Punta de Tarifa 25 km southwest of Gibraltar). At the end of the Rock of Gibraltar, the area is flat and occupied by such features as a playing field and a few buildings. On a clear day, views of North Africa can be seen across the Strait of Gibraltar including Ceuta and the Rif Mountains of Morocco; as well as the Bay of Gibraltar and the Spanish towns along its shores.

George's Bottom Cave is a cave in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. This together with Tina's Fissure and Levant Cave are a close group of three caves at the southern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve. The existence of George's Bottom Cave was suspected on 27 November 1965 when the Gibraltar Cave Research Group found a small hole in the Rock of Gibraltar near Spur Battery, above sea level. As the group could feel a draught from this hole they suspected it was the entrance to a cave and they arranged to have a large boulder moved to reveal a larger but still small entrance.

Grand Battery is an artillery battery in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. To the west of the grand battery was a very formidable flank which was considered to have been a "great annoyance to the besiegers." The same view from 1828 Known as the Muralla de San Bernando () during Gibraltar's Spanish period, it was fully adapted to mount cannon facing the isthmus with the old Moorish archery towers being pulled down and replaced by bastions. This battery forms part of a series of batteries built on the Moorish and Spanish lines that zigzagged up the hill of the Moorish Castle to the Tower of Homage on the Rock of Gibraltar.

This was demonstrated during the Great Siege of Gibraltar on 15 February 1782 at Princess Royal's Battery.Red Plaque in Grand Casemates Square This new carriage enabled the defending guns to take advantage of the height of the Rock of Gibraltar. Although not a new idea it was ingenious and the invention of the sliding carriage allowed the gun to recoil without pulling the gun carriage into the air. This idea was later built into more conventional gun carriages. Colonel John Drinkwater in his accounts claimed that the gun hit its target 28 times out of 30 when aimed at the Spaniards' San Carlos Battery.

Tom O'Brien (born 1986) is an Irish jockey who competes in National Hunt racing. Son of Wexford-born Jim O'Brien, O'Brien began his career in racing riding out for Shay Slevin before starting to ride out for his uncle, Aidan O'Brien, where he rode champion horses such as High Chaparral and Rock of Gibraltar. After riding in point-to-points, O'Brien moved to England in 2004 in the hope of getting more rides. In the 2005–06 season, Tom was crowned Champion Amateur rider with 32 winners and turned professional in June of that year, winning two races at his first professional race meeting.

Kissing Cousin was a bay mare with a small white star and a white sock on her left hind leg bred in Ireland by her owner Sheikh Mohammed. She was from the first crop of foals sired by Danehill a sprinter who won the Cork and Orrery Stakes and the Haydock Sprint Cup in 1989. Danehill went on to become and exceptionally successful breeding stallion producing the winners of more than a thousand races, including one hundred and fifty-six at Group One/Grade I level. Among his best offspring are Duke of Marmalade, Dylan Thomas, Rock of Gibraltar, George Washington and North Light.

In 1941, Rear Admiral John Henry Godfrey, the Director of British Naval Intelligence, chose Colonel Gambier-Parry as his radio consultant for Operation Tracer, a highly classified, military operation in which a team sealed in a clandestine observation post was to monitor enemy vessels should Gibraltar fall to the Axis Powers. The team of six volunteers included three signalmen who would radio information back to the Admiralty. The covert complex (diagrams pictured left and right) was excavated in the existing tunnel system of Lord Airey's Shelter in the Rock of Gibraltar. There were two observation apertures, one west over the Bay of Gibraltar, and the other east over the Mediterranean.

Among Iannelli's most famous industrial designs are the Streamline Moderne-inspired C-20 "Coffeemaster" vacuum coffeemaker and T-9 electric toaster for Sunbeam Products, which the company introduced as its flagship modern appliances in honor of the 1939 New York World's Fair. Iannelli also designed many significant interiors for churches and movie theaters, two of which remain in operation today: the Pickwick Theater in Park Ridge and the Catlow Theater in Barrington, Illinois. He also designed the large-scale Rock of Gibraltar relief on the facade of the Prudential Building (now called One Prudential Plaza) in Chicago. He died in Chicago on 23 March 1965.

Aguadores (water sellers) filling their barrels at a fountain in Gunner's Parade (now Governor's Parade) The former water catchments on the east side of the Rock of Gibraltar in 1992 Another cholera outbreak in 1865, which killed several hundred people, prompted the establishment of a Sanitary Commission for Gibraltar. Ironically, the fragmented water provision system in Gibraltar probably hindered the spread of the outbreak as it isolated the contaminated water supplies.Sawchuk, pp. 140–141 Inhabitants who drew their water from private wells or cisterns were far less likely to succumb to the disease than those who relied in public wells or imported Spanish water.

Scottish scenes figured prominently as subjects for Lee, but he also traveled extensively elsewhere in Britain and the continent: Gillingham Mill, Dorset; North Duffield Bridge, Derbyshire; Swiss Bridge, Lynedoch; Fulford Park, Exeter; Ben More looking up Glen Dochart; Shattered Oak in Bedfordshire; Sleaford, Lincolnshire; Rock of Gibraltar; and Pont du Gard, are all examples of this. Lee also spent considerable time at Penshurst, Kent where a number of his paintings originate. His wife Harriet Eves Lee was buried in the churchyard there (at plot 147) after her death in 1850. Lee's life has been documented elsewhere, and the popularity of his painting remains his lasting legacy.

Stanley Matthews described him as being "like a rock in a raging sea", and Bobby Moore likened him to the Rock of Gibraltar when defending but also noted that he was "dynamic coming forward". His imposing physique earned him the nicknames "Big Dunc" and "The Tank", and he has been ranked amongst the toughest players of all time. Edwards was noted for the power and timing of his tackles and for his ability to pass and shoot equally well with both feet. He was known for his surging runs up the pitch and was equally skilled at heading the ball and at striking fierce long-range shots.

Anthony Hayward of The Independent described Helen for Anne Haddy's obituary, he stated: "When the serial started, Helen was the widowed mother-in-law of Jim Robinson, and to the Robinson family she was known as "The Rock of Gibraltar". She was the diplomat and voice of reason to whom residents of Ramsay Street, in the fictional Melbourne suburb of Erinsborough, turned for advice." He also branded her "the most glamorous granny on television". Ruth Deller of television website Lowculture gave Helen a 5 out of 5 for her contribution to Neighbours, during a feature called "A guide to recognising your Ramsays and Robinsons".

Joe Namath, the Jets' selection in the first round of the 1965 AFL Draft. The New York Jets, originally known as the Titans of New York from the team's conception in 1960 until 1962, joined the NFL as part of the 1970 AFL–NFL merger, two years after defeating the Baltimore Colts 16-7 in Super Bowl III. The Titans made their first American Football League Draft selection in 1961. They chose Tom Brown, a defensive lineman/guard from the University of Minnesota, known as the "Rock of Gibraltar", who won the 1960 Outland Trophy as the nation's best lineman and finished 2nd in the Heisman Trophy voting.

This fort was just one part of a whole line of defence known as the Lines of Contravallation of Gibraltar. This fortification was constructed by the Spanish after Gibraltar was formerly ceded to the United Kingdom after being captured by an Anglo- Dutch force in 1704. The agreement to cede the isthmus was part of the Treaty of Utrecht and Spain gave Britain Menorca, Gibraltar and the right to sell slaves to Spanish colonies. As a result, a defensive line (hence La Línea) was built at the north end of the isthmus joining the Rock of Gibraltar to Spain in order to keep the British from attacking or encroaching on Spain.

In the tourist shops, cork items are popular, because cork forests surround the village. Gaucín offers visitors a window facing the Mediterranean sea Gaucín has been the inspiration of a number of artists and writers, and has been referred to as the "balcony of the Ronda Mountains, where the Holy Child appeared to St. John of God: the illustrious, always noble, very hospitable village of Gaucín." Gaucín offers visitors to the region a panoramic view to the Mediterranean including the rock of Gibraltar. An example fossil that can be found in Gaucín In Gaucín fossils can be found in the stoneworks of city building and street constructions.

Gibraltar Harbour (pictured on map), also referred to as the Port of Gibraltar, is on the west side of the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, at latitude 36º09'N, and longitude 5º20'W. In addition to the protection provided to the port by the Rock of Gibraltar on the east, there is a system of manmade defences on the west. These include a trio of breakwaters: the North Mole (formerly the Commercial Mole) including its Western Arm, the Detached Mole, and the South Mole. The South Mole includes an extension which was added later, and was formerly known as the New Mole and New Mole Extension.

After running second to Rock of Gibraltar in the September 8 Prix du Moulin de Longchamp, she was sent back to the United States in September 2002 where she ran third in the October 5 Yellow Ribbon Stakes after which trainer André Fabre recommended she be transferred to American trainer Robert Frankel to prepare for the defense of her Breeders' Cup title. For Frankel, Banks Hill ran second behind stablemate Starine in her return to the Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf on October 26 at Arlington Park, and in the final start of her career on December 2, ran fourth in the Matriarch Stakes at Hollywood Park Racetrack.

View of Gorham's Cave on the east face of the Rock of Gibraltar The cave is named after Captain A. Gorham of the 2nd Battalion Royal Munster Fusiliers, who discovered it in 1907 while opening a fissure at the rear of a sea cavern. Gorham inscribed his name and the date of his discovery in lamp-black on the wall of the cave, which has borne his name ever since. After this initial discovery, it seems the cave was forgotten—at least at an official level—as Gibraltarian historian and potholer George Palao recalls an inscription on the cave wall that read J. J. Davies 1943.

5.25 inch quick-firing dual-purpose gun at Princess Anne's Battery, Gibraltar The fortifications of Gibraltar have made the Rock of Gibraltar and its environs "probably the most fought over and most densely fortified place in Europe, and probably, therefore, in the world", as Field Marshal Sir John Chapple has put it.Hughes & Migos, p. vii The Gibraltar peninsula, located at the far southern end of Iberia, has great strategic importance as a result of its position by the Strait of Gibraltar where the Mediterranean Sea meets the Atlantic Ocean. It has repeatedly been contested between European and North African powers and has endured fourteen sieges since it was first settled in the 11th century.

John Mensah (born 29 November 1982) is a former Ghanaian professional footballer who last played as a defender for AFC United in the Swedish second- tier . Born in Obuasi, Ashanti, Mensah is a product of the scouting system in Ghana that identifies talented youngsters long before they enter any formal structures and exports them to potential fame and fortune in Europe. A centre- half by choice, he is also adept at right-back and has played in both positions for his national side, also captaining the team on occasions. His physique has earned him the moniker the "Rock of Gibraltar", and Mensah was considered a certainty to be named to Ghana's squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

Zenyatta, the only mare to win the Breeders' Cup Classic, only horse to win two different Breeders Cup events, one of the leading U.S. money earners, the first horse to break Cigar's 16 consecutive win streak, and the horse that broke the world record set by Rock of Gibraltar for consecutive Grade/Group I victories, resides there as a broodmare. She has lived there since her retirement in 2010. Like Zenyatta, the U.S. Champion 3-Yr-Old Filly of 2006 Wait A While also calls Lane's End home during her retirement. Stallion City Zip stood at Lane's End for the majority of his stallion career, beginning in 2004 until his passing in 2017.

Following the Anglo-Dutch capture of Gibraltar in 1704 and the subsequent Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar, in which the Spanish and their French allies sought unsuccessfully to recover the territory, the Spanish built a permanent line of fortifications facing south across the isthmus. Construction began in November 1730 under the Marquis of Verboom with the intention that the lines would block any British invasion of Spanish territory mounted from Gibraltar, act as a starting point for any future Spanish operations against Gibraltar, and cut off access to the territory by land. The lines covered a distance of 950 toises () and were built 1,000 toises () from the Rock of Gibraltar, where the British defences began.Heriot, p.

His final show for the station was a live outside broadcast from the Science Museum in London at the BBC Stargazing event to watch the launch of British ESA astronaut Tim Peake to the International Space Station. In 2016 his podcast Serial Box, a satire of the global podcast hit Serial, achieved notoriety when the makers of the original Serial issued a Cease and Desist order claiming copyright infringement of the letter 'S'. In October 2019 he published his first novel, All Hollow, a horror thriller set in the tunnels within the Rock of Gibraltar. The story is based on a screenplay he wrote in 2016 with Hal Stewart who is credited on the cover.

The university campus is at Europa Point on the Rock of Gibraltar. The area includes what is thought to be a Moorish cistern, now known as the Nun’s Well, though it could pre-date the arrival of Tarik in 711 AD. The earliest known inhabitants of the area though were the Neanderthals, and the nearby Gorham’s Cave complex they occupied is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In mythology Gibraltar is one of the Pillars of Hercules, standing astride the point at which the Atlantic Ocean meets the Mediterranean Sea. There is archaeological evidence of Europa Point, the end of the known world in Classical times, being a place where ritual offerings were made, including during the Phoenician period.

In 1940, at the beginning of World War II, he returned to the Royal Navy, at the age of 64, to take up a position, as a specialist in guerrilla warfare, at the Commando Special Training Centre at Lochailort, on the west coast of Scotland. He taught fitness, diet and survival techniques, many of which were published in his 1944 training manual Hardening of Commando Troops for Warfare. He was one of the consultants for Operation Tracer; in the event that Gibraltar was taken by the Axis powers, a small party was to be sealed into a secret chamber, dubbed Stay Behind Cave, in the Rock of Gibraltar to report enemy movements.

During the Tour 37 decided to honour British soldiers who had lost their lives on Op TELIC. They built the BASRA Memorial wall outside the front of the Headquarters of the Multi-National Division (south-East). The sappers Worked often in their own time, into the night after a day on task, to complete the wall before the end of their tour, and they fixed onto it plaques bearing the name of every fallen soldier. In March 2008 the Squadron, commanded by Major A. Devey RE, deployed to Gibraltar on Ex 29th SHOT, where they completed the difficult and dangerous demolition of a second World War observation post (OP) 300 ft up the Rock of Gibraltar.

Shrine of Our Lady of Europe at Europa Point In 2009, the Vatican and the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar released a joint issue of stamps to commemorate the 700th anniversary of Gibraltar's devotion to Our Lady of Europe. The stamps, which featured an image of the hand-carved statue of the Virgin and Child in the shrine at Europa Point, were the design of photographer Stephen Perera. It represented the first time that Gibraltar participated in a stamp joint issue with the Vatican. The sheetlet for the Gibraltar stamp had a background image of St. Peter's Basilica and Square, while the sheet for the Vatican stamp featured the Rock of Gibraltar.

When Britain insisted that the image be replaced with one of Tel Aviv, after the stamps were already printed and set to be released in June 2011, the Israel Philatelic Service withdrew from the project. The design had been approved by authorities in Gibraltar, and had featured the David Citadel and the Rock of Gibraltar, with the sentence: "Our friendship unites the west with the east of the Mediterranean." The reason given for the insistence on the part of Britain that the image be altered was that Jerusalem was "politically controversial." When Britain requested a Tel Aviv image not only on the stamps issued by Gibraltar, but also the ones issued by Israel, the project was cancelled.

He also misappropriated the food itself, selling it to the Moors, and kept the garrison under strength. The shipwreck of a grain ship off the Gibraltarian coast, only eight days before the siege began, gave the garrison a little extra food supply, but as events were to prove, it was not nearly enough. The town consisted of a series of individually fortified districts that reached from the dockyard on the sea front to a castle several hundred feet up the slope of the Rock of Gibraltar. By the end of February, Abd al- Malik's forces had captured the dockyard and the area on the Rock above the castle, where he set up siege engines.

After the 1999 relaunch, GBC again rebranded to an earlier version of the current logo which is depicted by a "silver-coloured wavy impression" of the silhouette of the Rock of Gibraltar. It also features "Gibraltar sunshine" represented by a yellow coloured Sun emerging from behind the Rock, and the Mediterranean Sea depicted by a "blue-coloured wavy" which also serves to underline the GBC red-coloured letters. Recently GBC has opted for a reworking of the current logo, which uses silver colours against a blue background. The new logo is solely made up of a "silver coloured wavy" depiction of the silhouette of the Rock against a blue background and the GBC lettering now in a silver colour.

Oratorio is a good-looking bay horse with a small white star and three white socks bred jointly by the County Wicklow-based Barronstown Stud and Orpendale, a breeding organisation associated with John Magnier's Coolmore Stud. Oratorio's sire Danehill (who died in 2003) was one of the most successful stallions of the last twenty years, producing the winners of more than a thousand races, including one hundred and fifty-six at Group One/Grade I level. Among his best offspring are Duke of Marmalade, Dylan Thomas, Rock of Gibraltar, George Washington and North Light. His dam, Mahrah, was a moderate racehorse who won one minor race from six starts before being retired to the breeding paddocks.

The remark soon reverberated around the RAF and it was not long before the term was in general use. Another version of the nickname rationale was that the German Minister of Propaganda Goebbels heard the legend that, if the barbary apes on the Rock of Gibraltar ever left, the British Empire would crumble. At that stage of the war, when things were not going well for the Axis forces, he decided that a propaganda coup was required and reportedly sent a commando raid to eradicate the apes. The story goes that Winston Churchill heard of the mission and immediately tasked the RAF Regiment with protecting the apes, and thus the nickname was born.

The King's Lines are a walled rock-cut trench on the lower slopes of the north-west face of the Rock of Gibraltar. Forming part of the Northern Defences of the fortifications of Gibraltar, they were originally created some time during the periods when Gibraltar was under the control of the Moors or Spanish. They are depicted in a 1627 map by Don Luis Bravo de Acuña, which shows their parapet following a tenaille trace. The lines seem to have been altered subsequently, as maps from the start of the 18th century show a more erratic course leading from the Landport, Gibraltar's main land entrance, to the Round Tower, a fortification at their western end.

Cockney Rebel, ridden by Olivier Peslier, was a 25-1 chance for the 2000 Guineas (G1) at Newmarket in 2007, but beat Vital Equine, his Champagne Stakes (G2) conqueror, by a length and a half. He proved that there was no fluke about the result when he followed up in the Irish 2,000 Guineas (G1) at The Curragh three weeks later, in similarly impressive style. He only the second horse in the previous 15 years (and the sixth in racing history) to win both the English and Irish 2000 Guineas Classics. The last horse to achieve the double Guineas feat was Rock of Gibraltar – who ran a slower time than Cockney Rebel in both races.

Naval combat between the French ship commanded by Captain Troude, and three British naval ships, Caesar, Spencer, Venerable and the frigate Thames in sight of Cadiz, 13 July 1801 By July 1801 Spencer was at the Rock of Gibraltar in the squadron under the command of Rear Admiral James Saumarez in James (1837), Vol. 3, p.113. On 6 July Saumarez sailed from Gibraltar with Caesar, Pompee, Spencer, , and with the intention of attacking Admiral Linois's squadron of three French line-of-battle ships and a frigate, which were lying a considerable distance from the batteries at Algeciras. As Venerable, the leading ship, approached the wind dropped and she was forced to anchor.

Rock Gun Battery is in Gibraltar, the British Overseas Territory at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. The artillery battery is located up the North Face of the Rock of Gibraltar, at the northern end of the Upper Rock Nature Reserve, above Green's Lodge Battery. The emplacement is positioned on Ministry of Defence property, at the terminus of Rock Gun Road, on Middle Hill, at the northern summit of the Rock. In October 1779, during the Great Siege of Gibraltar (1779–1783), the military operations at the recently constructed Green's Lodge Battery were so successful that the British decided to establish a battery even higher on the North Face, at the summit.

The wind rises in the central Mediterranean or around the Balearic Islands and blows westwards reaching its greatest intensity through the Strait of Gibraltar. The winds are moist carrying fog and precipitation in the eastern side of the Strait, but dry in the western side, as the moisture rains on the mountains between Algeciras and Tarifa. The winds are well known for creating a particular cloud formation above the Rock of Gibraltar; In Almería, the winds are well known for making the temperatures rise as the wind blows across the desert interior of the province. The Levanter winds can occur at any time in the year, but are most common from May to October.

This became increasingly inadequate as Gibraltar's population grew in the 18th and 19th centuries; the settlement was a breeding ground for lethal diseases such as cholera and yellow fever, which killed thousands of its inhabitants and members of the British garrison in repeated outbreaks. In the late 19th century, a Sanitary Commission instigated major improvements which saw the introduction of large-scale desalination and the use of giant water catchments covering over 2.5 million square feet (nearly 250,000 m2). Today Gibraltar's supply of drinking water comes entirely from desalination, with a separate supply of saltwater for sanitary purposes—both supplies are delivered from huge underground reservoirs excavated under the Rock of Gibraltar.

Passing the Rock of Gibraltar on 1 April 1956, Bassett began several months of operations in the Mediterranean, making goodwill port visits and engaging in amphibious exercises. She ranged the length and breadth of the Mediterranean from Gibraltar to Athens, Greece, and Izmir, Turkey, and from the Isle of Rhodes to the French Riviera. In the course of her training evolutions, Bassett served as primary control ship for the landing practice at Porto Scudo, Sardinia, and Dikili, Turkey, in addition to supporting her own underwater demolition unit in each instance. After the seven-month Mediterranean deployment, Bassett reached Little Creek on 18 October 1956 and spent the remainder of the year there engaged in upkeep and post-deployment repairs.

The skull of a Neanderthal child was discovered nearby in 1926. The Neanderthals are known to have occupied ten sites on the Gibraltar peninsula at the southern tip of Iberia, which may have had one of the densest areas of Neanderthal settlement of anywhere in Europe, although not necessarily the last place of possible habitation. The caves in the Rock of Gibraltar that the Neanderthals inhabited have been excavated and have revealed a wealth of information about their lifestyle and the prehistoric landscape of the area. The peninsula stood on the edge of a fertile coastal plain, now submerged, that supported a wide variety of animals and plants which the Neanderthals exploited to provide a highly varied diet.

In 1863 British paleontologist George Busk, who had Schaaffhausen's treatise translated into English in 1861, came into possession of the 1848 in the Forbes' Quarry discovered Gibraltar 1 skull. Due to its similarity to Neandertal 1 he scoffed that even Professor Mayer should find it hard to suspect "that a "rickety" cossack of the campaign of 1814 would have holed up in the clefts of the rock of Gibraltar".zitiert aus Friedemann Schrenk, Stephanie Müller: Die Neandertaler, S. 18–19 Final recognition of Neanderthal man as a distinct species separate from Homo sapiens only came after 1886, after two almost complete Neanderthal skeletons were found in the Spy Cave in Belgium.Ian Tattersall: Neandertaler.

Ridden by Richard Hughes he took the lead in the straight and maintained his advantage until the final furlong when he was overtaken and finished third behind Rock of Gibraltar and Noverre. On 17 August, Reel Buddy, racing for the twenty-fifth time, started 7/2 second favourite for the Group Three Hungerford Stakes over seven furlongs at Newbury. Ridden by Richard Quinn, he started slowly but began to make progress approaching the last quarter mile. After looking unlikely to obtain clear run he took the lead inside the final furlong and held off the late challenge of his stable companion Umistim to win by a short head and record his first Group race success.

After combat operations ended, John F. Kennedy remained briefly in the Red Sea stopping off the coast of Egypt for a portcall before returning to NAS Oceana after eight months at sea. In December 1991, VF-14 became one of the first squadrons to begin training for the Tomcat's new air-to-ground mission. After low altitude flight training and several strike-related schools, the squadron put their new skills to the test during Air Wing work-ups in Fallon, Nevada. In October 1992, the squadron again headed east for a Mediterranean deployment. Once past the Rock of Gibraltar, VF-14 began flying air superiority and reconnaissance missions in the Adriatic Sea in support of UN policies in the former Yugoslavia.

Domedriver (foaled 1998 in Ireland) is a Thoroughbred racehorse owned and raced in France by the Stavros Niarchos family. Out of the mare, Napoli, his sire was Indian Ridge who also sired Breeders' Cup winner and 1995 European Horse of the Year, Ridgewood Pearl and Relaxed Gesture, winner of the $2 million Canadian International, as well as Irish 2,000 Guineas winner, Indian Haven. At the 2002 Breeders' Cup races at Arlington Park near Chicago, Illinois, Domedriver earned the most important win of his career. Jockey Thierry Thulliez, riding in his first ever Breeders' Cup race, guided Domedriver to an upset win over the heavily favored Rock of Gibraltar who had come into the race having won a world record seven straight Group One races.

Synergy successfully conceived a foal by the stallion Zamindar in 2011, sold in public auction Arqana August yearling sales 2012 for €65.000 to Hautieres Bloodstock, to be trained by Yan Durepaire, named Kaskarau won 4 races in France. In her second season at stud she was covered by Soldier of Fortune, finally barren. In 2012 she was covered by Rock of Gibraltar and again was barren. In 2013 was covered by MyBoyCharlie producing a filly sold in public sales Arqana August v2 2015 bought by Sylvain Vidal in a price of €65.000 on behalf of Augustin-Normand, the filly named Gaillefontaine went to be trained by Yan Durepaire and broke her maiden at Lyon as 2yo on 30/10/2016 on her second race.

Hesse set about improving Gibraltar's defences to make it as difficult as possible for the enemy to mount a frontal attack. The town is set on the western side of a rocky peninsula connected to the Spanish mainland by a narrow sandy isthmus. The north side of the Rock of Gibraltar presents a vertical cliff; the only access to the town was via a narrow strip, only about wide, which was blocked by the heavily fortified curtain wall known as the Muralla de San Bernardo (later the Grand Battery).Jackson, p. 105 The prince sought to reduce this strip even further by flooding it, forcing any attackers to use a narrow path between the Rock and the inundated area or to advance along the narrow shoreline.

At daybreak they climbed the Philip II Wall, which extends up the west side of the Rock, and killed the English sentries in the lookout point at Middle Hill. A drummer boy bringing food to the lookout saw the invaders and raised the alarm.Hills, p. 187–8 Route over the Rock of Gibraltar by the unsuccessful Bourbon surprise attack Hesse had anticipated some kind of attack from the rear and had kept a mobile force in reserve to guard against such an eventuality. It was formed by an English company, and two Spanish companies: a regular company under captain Francisco de Sandoval and a Catalan company of miquelets under Jaume Burguy, numbering 300 men, all of them led by Hesse's brother Heinrich.

The British victory at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 heralded the beginning of a new world order in which Britain would be the supreme world power for the next one hundred years. At the time of Waterloo, the British Empire consisted of the New World territories in the West Indies and North America which had been retained following the loss of the Thirteen Colonies. In addition to this, there was the penal colony of New South Wales, the Rock of Gibraltar at the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea, and the territories controlled by the British East India Company. Victory in the Napoleonic Wars brought spoils to Britain which added more territories such as Malta, British Guiana, and Mauritius to the empire.

The Caves of Hercules The cave was long thought to be bottomless. It was believed that the cave is one end of a subterranean ley tunnel over long which passes under the Strait of Gibraltar and emerges at St. Michael's Cave in Gibraltar. Legend has it that the Barbary macaques entered the Rock of Gibraltar from Morocco this way.Government of Gibraltar - St. Michael's Cave Mythological tradition also holds that the Roman god Hercules stayed and slept in this cave before doing his 11th labour, (one of the 12 labours which King Eurystheus of Tiryns had given to him) which was to get golden apples from the Hesperides Garden, which some ancient Greek writers said was located nearby at Lixus (one of the cities of Larache) .

Wannabe Grand was a bay mare with a large white star and a white sock on her left hind leg bred in Ireland by the horse breeding company Vizcaya Ag. She was sired by Danehill, a sprinter who won the Cork and Orrery Stakes and Haydock Sprint Cup in 1989. He went on to become a highly successful breeding stallion, producing the winners of more than one thousand races including 156 at Group One/Grade I level. Among his best offspring are Dylan Thomas, Duke of Marmalade, Rock of Gibraltar George Washington and North Light. Wannabe Grand's dam Wannabe won one minor race from six starts as a three-year-old in 1993 and also produced the Ballycorus Stakes winner Wannabe Better.

Asked if his companies paid full corporation tax, Banks said: "I paid over £2.5m of income tax last year ... My insurance business, like a lot of them, is based in Gibraltar but I've got UK businesses as well that deal with customers and pay tax like everyone else." One of the UK businesses of which Banks is director, Rock Services Ltd, the name of which refers to The Rock of Gibraltar, had a turnover of £19.7m in 2013 and paid corporation tax of as little as £12,000. The company deducted £19.6m in "administrative expenses", and the main activity appears to be "recharge of goods and services" with Southern Rock Insurance Company. Southern Rock Insurance states on its website that it underwrites policies for the customers of GoSkippy.

Shattered Oak in Bedfordshire By F.R.Lee (1851) 1862 painting of the Rock of Gibraltar with Windmill Hill Barracks in view Lee was the son of Thomas Lee of Barnstaple in north DevonThomas Lee (1756 — 1836), also son of Thomas Lee of Barnstaple, was a minor architect, the pupil of William Rhodes; he won a silver medal from the Royal Academy in 1776, but soon afterwards retired from London to his native Barnstaple upon inheriting a modest fortune (Howard Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600-1840 3rd ed. [Yale University Press] 1995, s.v. "Thomas Lee". and brother of Thomas Lee (Jnr), an architect.Some men who made Barnstaple.., 2010,Pauline Brain Frederick enrolled as a student at the Royal Academy on 16 January 1818, aged nineteen.

The Rock of Gibraltar, at the head of the Strait, is a prominent headland, which accumulates migrating birds during the passage periods. The vegetation on the Rock, unique in southern Iberia, provides a temporary home for many species of migratory birds that stop to rest and feed before continuing migration for their crossing over the sea and desert. In spring, they return to replenish before continuing their journeys to Western Europe, journeys which may take them as far as Greenland or Russia. The Rock has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International, because it is a migratory bottleneck, or choke point, for an estimated 250,000 raptors that cross the Strait annually, and because it supports breeding populations of Barbary partridges and lesser kestrels.

El Calpense was a Spanish language newspaper that was published in the then Crown colony (now British overseas territory) of Gibraltar between 1868 and 1982. Its name is synonymous, in Spanish, to "The Gibraltarian" (Calpe being an ancient name for Gibraltar, as it was the name given to the Rock of Gibraltar as one of the Pillars of Hercules). El Calpense (subtitled a political, commercial and advertising daily, ) was founded as a dailyLa frontera estéril: la literatura en español en Gibraltar (in Spanish) and was the first Spanish language newspaper published in Gibraltar. Owned and run by Spaniards, its emergence was at first resisted by the Governors of Gibraltar, who worried about possible troubles with Spain and disruption in the town.

73, p. 87\. The latter page carries an account by historian Edward Gibbon: "A victorious line of march had been prolonged above a thousand miles from the rock of Gibraltar to the banks of the Loire; the repetition of an equal space would have carried the Saracens to the confines of Poland and the Highlands of Scotland: the Rhine is not more impassable than the Nile or Euphrates, and the Arabian fleet might have sailed without a naval combat into the mouth of the Thames. Perhaps the interpretation of the Koran would now be taught in the schools of Oxford, and her pulpits might demonstrate to a circumcised people the sanctity and truth of the revelation of Mahomet." # Richard Brooks (editor), Atlas of World Military History. p. 43\.

Mozart was bred in Ireland by Fahd Salman's Newgate Stud. His sire Danehill was one of the most successful stallions of his era, producing the winners of more than a thousand races including one hundred and fiftty-six at Group One/Grade I level. Among the best of his offspring have been Dylan Thomas, Rock of Gibraltar George Washington, Duke of Marmalade and North Light. Mozart's dam, Victoria Cross was an unraced daughter of the highly successful broodmare Glowing Tribute, making her a half sister of the Kentucky Derby winner Sea Hero. Mozart was sent as a yearling to the Tattersalls Houghton Sale in September 1999 where he was bought for 340,000gns by the bloodstock agent Dermot "Demi" O’Byrne on behalf of John Magnier and the Coolmore organisation.

The film was shot at the Pinewood Studios at its 007 Stage in UK, as well as Weissensee in Austria. The pre-title sequence was filmed on the Rock of Gibraltar and although the sequence shows a hijacked Land Rover careering down various sections of road over several minutes before bursting through a wall and towards the sea, the location mostly used the same short stretch of road, at the very top of the Rock, shot from numerous different angles. The beach defences seen at the foot of the Rock in the initial shot were also added solely for the film, to an otherwise non-military area. The action involving the Land Rover switched from Gibraltar, to Beachy Head in the UK for the shot showing the vehicle actually getting airborne.

Simply Perfect is a grey mare with white socks on her hind legs bred by Derek Clee's Trehedyn Stud Her sire Danehill (who died in 2003) was one of the most successful stallions of the last twenty years, producing the winners of more than a thousand races, including one hundred and fifty-six at Group One/Grade I level. Among his best offspring are Duke of Marmalade, Dylan Thomas, Rock of Gibraltar, George Washington and North Light. Simply Perfect's dam, Hotelgenie Dot Com, from whom she inherited her colour, won only one minor race, but finished second in the Moyglare Stud Stakes and third in the Fillies' Mile. She is a descendant of Aurorabella, a half sister to the dam of the 2000 Guineas winner Only for Life.

Over the course of its history, the Rock of Gibraltar has changed hands many times, among Spanish, Moorish, and British hands, although it has been consistently under British control since the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. Before the British takeover, Spanish was widely spoken, but afterwards as most residents left the Rock, the language had a much smaller population (in 1753 there were just 185 Spaniards, and only 134 in 1777Census of Gibraltar, 2001 ). However, the border with Spain has been opened since 1985, allowing easier travel in and out of Spain, one of the factors which has given Andalusian Spanish considerable presence in Gibraltar. In 2001, there were 326 people of Spanish nationality in Gibraltar, and a large number of "Frontier Workers" who commute there for work.

Dry docks at Gibdock as seen from the Rock of Gibraltar. The three large graving docks initially known as docks Number 1, 2 and 3, were excavated on what had been the site of the old naval yard. Number 3 dock, the smallest at just over 50,000 tons of water capacity, was the first to be named in 1903 and was named King Edward VII, Queen Alexandra named the 60,000 ton Number 2 dock after herself in 1906, and the largest, Number 1 dock, which could hold over 100,000 tons of water, was called the Prince and Princess of Wales dock, having been named by their Royal Highnesses in 1907, subsequently King George V and Queen Mary. In 1937 the warning of the Chiefs of Staff gave way to rearmament.

Bomb Proof Battery was an artillery battery near Bomb Proof Barracks in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. The battery was located at the south end of the King's Lines on the north-west face of the Rock of Gibraltar. It comprised a casemated battery built on two levels, each of which had two embrasures built into the old Spanish defences constructed above the then Puerta de Villavieja some time in the 16th century. The battery was partly built over when the King's Lines Battery was constructed. It was recorded as housing one 18-pdr (8.1 kg) and one 4-pdr (1.8 kg) in 1781, two 18-pdrs and one 24-pdr (10.9 kg) carronade in 1834, two 24-pdrs in 1859 and two 12-pdrs (5.4 kg) in 1885.

Governor's Lookout Battery is located off Signal Station Road within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve on the Rock of Gibraltar which is the likely site of former Governor of Gibraltar General George Augustus Eliott's observation post during the Great Siege of Gibraltar (1779–83). The battery had a commanding view of the Bay of Gibraltar to the west and Spain to the north and was originally built to take one 9.2 inch breechloading gun Mk VI to bear on both the land batteries in Spain and out over the Bay at a range of . In 1886 it mounted one 9 inch rifled muzzle- loading gun (RML). By July 1904 the battery was intended to carry four 9.2 inch breechloading guns Mk IV but one Mk X on a Mk V mounting was installed instead.

Royal Engineer tunnellers using a water pressure drill to clear solid rock inside the Rock of Gibraltar, 1 November 1941 Gibraltar's first tunnels were constructed by hand in a slow, laborious but durable method of excavation. The first task was to fragment the limestone rock. This was done by using a variety of methods, including gunpowder blasting, fire setting (building a fire against the face of the rock to heat it, then quenching it with cold water to cause it to shatter), quicklime (used to fill boreholes which were then slaked with water, causing it to expand and so shattering the surrounding rock) and hammering in wooden wedges which were expanded by soaking them with water, again causing the rock to shatter. The fragments were then removed with crowbars and sledgehammers.

A.Jews Gate B.Levant Battery C.Martin's Cave D.Goat's Hair Twin Caves E.Tunnel and Pumping Station F.WW2 Observation Posts G.View point H.Top of Steps South east section of a 1961 military map of Gibraltar showing where Martin's Path joins Mediterranean Steps View of the Rock of Gibraltar from the Mediterranean Steps The Mediterranean Steps were built as part of the military communications system built by the British to allow access to their various defence posts at the southern end of the Rock. At the highest point of the steps are the two 9.2 inch guns of Lord Airey's Battery and O'Hara's Battery. Other gun emplacements and ancillary buildings dating back to World War II are evident along the route. The steps were restored in 2007 by the Bonita Trust, the Government of Gibraltar and the Gibraltar Ornithological and Natural History Society.

One of the huge reservoirs inside the Rock of Gibraltar that supplies the peninsula with water Shortages of water between 1949 and 1986 led to the costly temporary expedient of importing water from the United Kingdom, the Netherlands or Morocco. On a few occasions, newly commissioned oil tankers were employed to carry up to of water at a time, taking advantage of their maiden voyages to the Middle East to carry the water in tanks that had not yet been contaminated with oil products. Such an approach was unaffordable and since 1953, Gibraltar has come to rely on the desalination of sea water, which now accounts for over 90% of the potable water supply. The running costs are high, however, as the energy required means that the cost of acquiring water through desalination is about three times higher than getting it from wells.

Fans and sports writers have affectionately nicknamed the arena "The Rock" in reference to the Rock of Gibraltar, the corporate logo of Prudential Financial, a financial institution that owns the naming rights to the arena and is headquartered within walking distance of it. In December 2013, the arena ranked third nationally and ninth internationally for self-reported annual revenue. The arena was built amidst financial concerns and years of speculation that the Devils would relocate, despite the fact that the team was a perennial playoff contender and had been at or near the top of the NHL's standings for over a decade. The arena is located two blocks from Newark Penn Station in downtown Newark, just west of Newark's Ironbound district, which makes it easily accessible via New Jersey Transit, PATH, Newark Light Rail, and Amtrak.

Entrance to the Prince's Gallery, one of Ince's tunnels excavated in 1790 In January 1787 Ince was granted a plot of ground on the Queen's Road, some distance up the Rock of Gibraltar, which is still called Ince's Farm. During the siege he had turned it into a small cultivated plot with the permission of the Governor.Gilbard, p. 54 The original grant still survives and states: He was charged a rent of 12 reals a month for which he was required to fulfil certain conditions, including building a fence around the farm and planting as many lemon trees as possible. The lease was renewed for a further 66 years in January 1803 "on account of his former and meritorious services." Perhaps appropriately, by the mid-20th century it had been turned into a store depot for the Soldier Artificers' successors, the Royal Engineers.

The new navy base was begun in 1893, but for some time the stone was brought by barge from the east side of the rock to Gibraltar Harbour on the west side. The tunnel allowed stone from the quarries on the east side to be brought via a one-metre narrow gauge railway to help construct the navy base on the west side. thumb It is the only tunnel that runs from east to the west of the Rock of Gibraltar, and during World War Two the tunnel was reworked and a 3,000-square-metre area roughly halfway down it became a state-of-the-art communications centre. This Allied Command Headquarters centre was protected from enemy bombs by metres of rock in every direction and contained the board room where the invasion of North Africa (Operation Torch) was planned by Dwight Eisenhower.

Sotogrande is the largest privately owned residential development in Andalusia. Originally a gated community, it is located in the municipality of San Roque, Cádiz, Spain and is composed of a 25 square kilometres stretch from the Mediterranean Sea 25 km east of Gibraltar, back into the foothills of Sierra Almenara, providing contrasting views of sea, hills, cork forests and green fairways, including the Rock of Gibraltar and Morocco. Some of the richest and most powerful families of Spain, Russia, and the United Kingdom reside in Sotogrande. Current and past regulars and inhabitants of Sotogrande include Peter Caruana, former Chief Minister of Gibraltar, Fabian Picardo, current Chief Minister of Gibraltar, Tony Blair, Emilio Botín, Ana Rosa Quintana, Royal Shakespeare Company actor Mike Gwilym, Vladimir Gusinsky, Boris Berezovsky, as well as Prince Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou, the legitimist pretender to the throne of France.

Town Range was originally the uppermost of three parallel streets running part-way along the west slope of the Rock of Gibraltar; the lower two are Main Street, which runs the full length of the old town, and Irish Town, which runs from the north end of Gibraltar to about half-way along the old town. The three streets are generally level, although located at different heights on the slope. The street is the location of the Town Range Barracks, twin blocks built in 1740 to provide accommodation for soldiers with pavilions at each end for their commanding officers. Local historian Tito Benady describes them "as probably the most magnificent buildings of the British period in Gibraltar", although the construction of a mid-Victorian structure erected between Officers Quarters No. III and IV has somewhat spoiled the line of the buildings.

Examples include the Rock of Gibraltar, the Burren in County Clare, Ireland; the Verdon Gorge in France; Malham Cove in North Yorkshire and the Isle of Wight, England; the Great Orme in Wales; on Fårö near the Swedish island of Gotland, the Niagara Escarpment in Canada/United States, Notch Peak in Utah, the Ha Long Bay National Park in Vietnam and the hills around the Lijiang River and Guilin city in China. The Florida Keys, islands off the south coast of Florida, are composed mainly of oolitic limestone (the Lower Keys) and the carbonate skeletons of coral reefs (the Upper Keys), which thrived in the area during interglacial periods when sea level was higher than at present. Unique habitats are found on alvars, extremely level expanses of limestone with thin soil mantles. The largest such expanse in Europe is the Stora Alvaret on the island of Öland, Sweden.

New St. Michael's Cave, also known as Lower St. Michael's Cave, is a cave system in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. Unlike its namesake, St. Michael's Cave (proper), which has been known for over 2,000 years, this cave was discovered as recently as World War II. The cave was accidentally discovered during World War II, when in 1942 the Royal Engineers were blasting inside the Rock of Gibraltar so as to create an alternate entrance to the lower chambers of St. Michael's Cave, which had been prepared as an emergency hospital. The first sign was when their tunnelling appeared to create no rubble as it had fallen through the newly created opening into this previously undiscovered cave which may have remained sealed for some 20,000 years. The cave's chambers include examples of almost all known cave formations, including a lake nearly long containing an estimated of crystal-clear water.

They point out that as "Utrecht" ceded "the town and castle of Gibraltar, together with the port, fortifications, and forts thereunto belonging" and there were such "fortifications and forts" along the line of the current frontier (Devil's Tower, El Molino), then this area was included in the cession. Furthermore, they argue, international practice at the time was that all territorial cessions included an extended surrounding area equivalent to the length of two cannon shots. When the treaty of Seville was concluded between Great Britain, France and Spain in 1729, long arguments ensued between Spain and Britain as to how far north the 'undoubted right' of Britain extended from the north face of the Rock of Gibraltar. It was finally accepted that a distance of 600 Toises, being more than two cannon shots distance between the British guns and the Spanish guns, would be considered “the neutral ground”.

His "Netty Netty", the song of a prostitute who left town to have an abortion operation, shocked not only Trinidad and Tobago, but also neighbouring countries such as Grenada, where he was banned for a while (as his song "Excursion to Grenada" relates). Further, the lyrics of many of his "war calypsoes" (essentially insult songs) presage those of similar hip- hop battle rap songs by over 50 years. An extract from his lyrics to "War" (recorded during the 1930s by Roaring Lion with Executor, Caresser, and Attila and directed against their fellow calypsonian Wilmoth Houdini) is a particularly good example of such lyrics: :The earth is a trembling and a tumbling :And the heavens are falling and all :Because the lion is roaring. :My tongue is like the blast of a gunman... :Destruction, desolation and damnation – :All these I'll inflict on insubordination, :For the Lion in his power is like the rock of Gibraltar.

Bray's Cave is located at a height of above sea level on the western slopes of the Rock of Gibraltar, within the Upper Rock Nature Reserve. It is important to note its location on the western slopes of the Rock where caves are far less common than on the eastern cliffs where sea caves like Gorham's Cave or Vanguard Cave for example are located. Before archaeological excavations began, the cave was almost entirely infilled with carstic detritus and some foothill sediments as well as large boulders from past rockfalls, giving the cave the characteristics of a rock shelter. The arduous excavation process not only revealed its important archaeological sequence but also the true nature of this cave; the cave was formed along the stratification joints of the limestone levels, in a north-south direction dipping to the west, with a varied range of speleothems typical of closed cavities with a gallery morphology.

Episodes revolve around the lightweight and humorous sorts of situations and problems a middle-class family experienced in the late 1950s and the early 1960s set in fictional Hilldale, state never mentioned. Donna, for example, would sometimes find herself swamped with the demands of community theatricals and charity drives; Mary had problems juggling boyfriends and finding dresses to wear to one party or another; and Jeff was often caught in situations appropriate to his age and gender such as joining a secret boys' club, avoiding love-smitten classmates, or bidding at auction on an old football uniform. Alex was the family's Rock of Gibraltar, but often found himself in situations that tested his patience: in one episode, Donna volunteered him as the judge of a baby contest, and, in another episode, Mary insisted her gawky, geeky boyfriend was the spitting image of her father. Very occasionally eccentric relatives would descend on the Stones to complicate the household situation.

Its submarines were more suited to the Mediterranean, but they successfully ran the British gauntlet through the Straits of Gibraltar and joined the Atlantic blockade. On 20 August Benito Mussolini announced a blockade of all British ports in the Mediterranean, and over the next few months the region would experience a sharp increase in fighting. Meanwhile, in Spain, which had still not recovered from her own civil war in which over one million died and which was in the grip of famine, General Francisco Franco continued to resist German attempts to persuade him to enter the war on the Axis side. Spain supplied Britain with iron ore from the Bay of Biscay, but, as a potential foe, she was a huge threat to British interests as she could easily restrict British naval access into the Mediterranean, either by shelling the Rock of Gibraltar or by allowing the Germans to lay siege to it from the mainland.

Carlos P. Garcia, 8th President of the Philippines, a native of Bohol and fellow Visayan, said of Sotto: "Vicente Sotto was a rock of Gibraltar in character because of the ruggedness of his conviction, the indomitability of his soul, the sublimity of his courage, and the depth of his faith in the ultimate triumph of justice. His knees no bending, his pen signed no retraction, his march saw no retreat, and his soul of steel knowns no surrender. He marshaled his efforts and used his influence to secure and safeguard for the press the fullest measure of freedom. By his death the country has lost a great patriot, his family has lost a loving and devote father, the Senate has lost an illustrious member..." Southern Islands Hospital, the primary public medical care facility in southern Philippines, was renamed on May 21, 1992 to Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, in honor of the late senator.

The first wave of real "modern" historians, especially scholars on Rome and the medieval period, such as Edward Gibbon, contended that had Charles fallen, the Umayyad Caliphate would have easily conquered a divided Europe. Gibbon famously observed: > A victorious line of march had been prolonged above a thousand miles from > the rock of Gibraltar to the banks of the Loire; the repetition of an equal > space would have carried the Saracens to the confines of Poland and the > Highlands of Scotland; the Rhine is not more impassable than the Nile or > Euphrates, and the Arabian fleet might have sailed without a naval combat > into the mouth of the Thames. Perhaps the interpretation of the Koran would > now be taught in the schools of Oxford, and her pulpits might demonstrate to > a circumcised people the sanctity and truth of the revelation of Mahomet.The > Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon , Chapter LII.

Levant cloud hanging over the Rock of Gibraltar. The Strait of Gibraltar, located at the western entrance to the Mediterranean Sea, is frequently associated with strong gap winds that can produce dangerous seas, especially when they blow against tide, current or swell through the Strait, which is a narrow sea-level passage about 15 km wide and 55 km long that is surrounded by terrain reaching several thousand feet. The most pronounced gap wind through the Strait, the Levanter, can produce winds of 20–40 kt (10–20 m/s) in and to the west of the gap when there is higher pressure to the east, over the Mediterranean, with lower pressure to the west of Gibraltar. The sinking motions accompanying such anticyclonic conditions cause stability in the low-level air flow, strongly suppressing vertical air motion and may result in the formation of an inversion within a few thousand feet of the surface.

Flag of Gibraltar atop the Rock of Gibraltar "An escutcheon on which the upper two thirds shall be a white field and on the said field set a red castle, and below the said castle, on the other third of the escutcheon, which must be a red field in which there must be a white line between the castle and the said red field, there shall be a golden key which hangs by a chain from the said castle, as are here figured". The flag was regularised in 1982 and is formed by two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the centre of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centred in the red band. The flag differs from that of other British overseas territories, in that it is not a British ensign nor does it feature the Union Jack in any form. The castle does not resemble any in Gibraltar but is supposed to represent the fortress of Gibraltar.

The Group flew on board the Navy's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, the recently commissioned , on 22 June 1962. CVG-6 participated with the in LantFlex 2–62, a nuclear strike exercise from 6–12 July, providing eight "pre-planned" strikes and six call strikes while operating off the Virginia capes, against targets ranging from the Tidewater area to central Florida. The air group also participated in RipTide III from 3–5 August, which involved long-range simulated nuclear strikes against targets off the Portuguese and Spanish coasts, including 14 strikes and nine call strikes, all opposed. The Group embarked on board the Enterprise during its first deployment to the Mediterranean, passing the Rock of Gibraltar on 16 August 1962. CVG-6 participated n Lafayette II, 7 September, which involved 14 scheduled conventional strikes coordinated with aircraft from against multiple targets in southern France, with opposition provided by French air force and naval aircraft. The air group was involved in Indian Summer from 7–8 September, comprising three long-range, simulated nuclear strikes, with fighter escort by F-4Bs from VF-102, against Spanish targets defended by USAF and Spanish commands assigned to NATO.

" In The New York Times, Katherine Knorr wrote that "Bawer is one of the best literary critics in America today", who proves "that the best literary criticism comes from a serious, close reading of the work that avoids the temptations of celebrity and fashionable politics". Reviewing Prophets and Professors, Washington Post critic Jonathan Yardley described Bawer as "one of the appallingly few American literary journalists whose work repays the reading" and "an intelligent, independent, tough-minded critic and a clear-eyed observer of literary affairs". In The New York Times Book Review, Andrea Barnet described the book as "immensely readable... provocative and entertaining", saying that Bawer was "thoughtful, sharply opinionated, high-minded and unafraid to slash at sacred cows", Leslie Schenk of World Literature Today opined that Bawer "has the uncanny knack of writing good sense precisely in those fields where good sense seems to have been taboo... As though with the scalpel of a surgeon removing tumors, he deftly, coolly, cuts through the ephemeral malarkey that hitherto obscured his subjects. His book A Place at the Table, for example, stands as solid as the Rock of Gibraltar in the seas of mush that otherwise surround the subject of homosexuality.

Sanchez holds a PhD in English Literature from the University of Leeds. _List of books_ Rock of Empire (2001) Rock Black: Ten Gibraltarian Stories (2006) Writing the Rock of Gibraltar: An Anthology of Literary Texts, 1720-1890 (2006) The Prostitutes of Serruya's Lane and other Hidden Histories (2007) Diary of a Victorian Colonial and other Tales (2008) Georgian and Victorian Gibraltar: Incredible Eyewitness Accounts (2012) The Escape Artist (2013) Solitude House (2015) Jonathan Gallardo (2015) Past: A Memoir (2016) Bombay Journal (2018) Crossed Lines (2019) Border Control and other Autobiographical Pieces (2019) _Critical bibliography_ Sarah M. Abas, 'M. G. Sanchez: an Interview,' ES Review 39, 2018, pp. 319-330. Esterino Adami, ‘La Rocca di Babele: narrazioni e trasformazioni linguistiche in M. G. Sanchez,' Ritorno a Babele: prove di globalizzazione (Turin: Neos Terrenia, 2013), pp. 71-81. Esterino Adami, ‘An Interview with Gibraltarian author M. G. Sanchez followed by a review of The Escape Artist,' Il Tolomeo 13, 2013, pp. 29-36. Esterino Adami, ‘Recensione di Jonathan Gallardo,’ Il Tolomeo 18, 2016, pp. 233-35. Esterino Adami, ‘Recensione di Solitude House,’ Il Tolomeo, 17, 2015, pp. 185-187. Esterino Adami, ‘A Passage to Gibraltar: Alterity and Representation in M. G. Sanchez,’ Postcolonial Passages: incursions and excursions across the literatures and cultures in English (Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018), pp. 204–214.