Complaints on possible access to data by national intelligence authorities will be referable to a new Ombudsperson — with the position created as part of the arrangement.
|
|
Recent caliche deposts in Barbados may be referable to Girvanella.
|
|
The extinct genus Callicrypta from the Siberian Middle Cretaceous appears to be referable to Menispermaceae.
|
|
245-48 It may be referable to one of the ornithomimosaur species currently known from the Hell Creek Formation.
|
|
MCZ 1285, a specimen currently referable to Kronosaurus queenslandicus, from the Early Cretaceous of Australia, was estimated to have a skull length of .
|
|
Gregaripus is an ichnogenus of dinosaur footprint. It is possibly synonymous with Anomoepus, and may represent underprints that are instead referable to this ichnogenus.
|
|
Morforex (INN; Bo 637), also referable to as N-morpholinoethylamphetamine, is an anorectic which was never marketed. It produces amphetamine as an active metabolite.
|
|
A 2015 overview of extinct crocodyliforms from the former Soviet Union and adjacent countries treated Manracosuchus as a nomen dubium referable to Crocodylia incertae sedis.
|
|
Pteroplax means winged plate, in reference to the tabular horns of the isolated skull table that currently represents the only specimen certainly referable to this taxon.
|
|
Such works, however, ignore Moser (2003), the publication that shows the type series of P. engelhardti to be diagnostic, and other material to be referable to it.
|
|
Frenguellisaurus ischigualastensis was discovered in 1975, and was described by Novas (1986) who considered it a primitive saurischian, and possibly a theropod. Novas (1992) and Sereno and Novas (1992) examined the Frenguellisaurus remains and found them referable to Herrerasaurus. Ischisaurus cattoi was discovered in 1960 and described by Reig in 1963. Novas (1992) and Sereno and Novas (1992) reviewed its remains and found them to be referable to Herrerasaurus.
|
|
Paul Albers and Li et al. (2011) briefly reported the discovery of well-preserved material referable to Saurosphargis from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk, Netherlands. The material is currently under preparation.
|
|
Ph.D thesis, University of Alberta The referral of PIN 3142/250 to Saichania was contested by Penkalski & Tumanova who considered this specimen to be referable to a new species of Tarchia, T. teresae.
|
|
On Omosaurus phillipsii. Annual Report, Yorkshire Philosophical Society, 1892. 52-57. Seeley initially assumed that it was referable to Iguanodon, and named it Iguanodon Phillipsii. The specific name honoured geology professor John Phillips.
|
|
Serum therapy, also known as serotherapy, describes the treatment of infectious disease using the serum of animals that have been immunized against the specific organisms or their product, to which the disease is supposedly referable.
|
|
They also cannot be applied to persons whose flat feet are associated with foot symptoms, or certain symptoms in other parts of the body (such as the leg or back) possibly referable to the foot.
|
|
1 and TMP 82.19.295, both from the Dinosaur Park Formation of the Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, were referred to this taxon, but in 2019, Hone et al. recognized these as referable to their new azhdarchid Cryodrakon.
|
|
McHenry, Colin Richard (2009). "Devourer of Gods: the palaeoecology of the Cretaceous pliosaur Kronosaurus queenslandicus" (PDF): 1–460 MCZ 1285, a specimen currently referable to Kronosaurus queenslandicus, from the Early Cretaceous of Australia, was estimated to have a skull length of .
|
|
Aegypius prepyrenaicus is an extinct Old World vulture which existed in what is now Spain during the Middle Pleistocene period. An ulna possibly referable to this species has been found in Gibraltar. It was described in 2001 by Hernandez Carrasquilla.
|
|
Columbia University Press, New York The only remains that have been found have been isolated postcranial and jaw fragments. As a result, the genus is poorly known. All material yet found has been referable to the type species, D. manacensis.
|
|
G. crassidens holotype BMNH 3798 G. simus restoration The type species of the genus is G. crassidens which is known from the Berriasian of England, and the referable species G simus from the Berriasian of NW Germany, might be conspecific. Other species that are referable to Goniopholis include G. kiplingi from the Berriasian of England, and G. baryglyphaeus from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) of Portugal making it the oldest known Goniopholis species. The species G. kiplingi honors the author Rudyard Kipling, "in recognition for his enthusiasm for natural sciences". Eggs attributed to Goniopholis were found in the Late Jurassic of Portugal.
|
|
Ab Imperio: Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space – international scientific referable journal, which developing direction “New Imperial History”, devoted to the interdisciplinary and comparative study of the history of nationalism, national movements in the post-Soviet space.
|
|
Ansonia penangensis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Penang Island, Malaysia. Records from elsewhere represent other species; the mainland records are referable to Ansonia malayana and Ansonia jeetsukumarani. Its natural habitats are rocky streams in rainforests.
|
|
In the current concept, P. marmoratus is applicable only to marine and brackish water populations of the Black Sea basin. Freshwater populations of this basin are now referable to the western tubenose goby (P. semilunaris), except for a local Crimean Proterorhinus tataricus.
|
|
Although it is based solely on a rostrum fragment, "F." trauthi was found to possess a unique combination of characters that distinguish it from all other Triassic tetrapods. Thus it was reassigned to a new genus, Dolerosaurus, referable to Tetrapoda Incertae sedis.
|
|
Horses are withheld feed when colic signs are referable to gastrointestinal disease. In long-standing cases, parenteral nutrition may be instituted. Once clinical signs improve, the horse will slowly be re-fed (introduced back to its normal diet), while being carefully monitored for pain.
|
|
Ultimately most scientists consider the phrase 'living fossil' to be unhelpful and misleading. A species of sphenodontine is known from the Miocene Saint Bathans Fauna. Whether it is referable to Sphenodon proper is not entirely clear, but is likely to be closely related to tuatara.
|
|
John Hulke erected the genus in 1872 for NHMUK R.2522, a neural arch found by William D. Fox near Brighstone Bay, but provided no species name. He considered the Ornithopsis hulkei lectotype referable to the genus.Naish, D., and Martill, D.M. (2001). Saurischian dinosaurs 1: Sauropods.
|
|
Lamaceratops (meaning "Lama horned face"), is a ceratopsian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. It was discovered in the Khulsan locality in the Nemegt Valley, outer Mongolia. The validity of this species remains in doubt, as the fossils may in fact be referable to Bagaceratops.V. R. Alifanov. 2003.
|
|
Fossilized pollen referable to this genus has been recovered in upper Miocene deposits in northwest Borneo; its long history, and its wide variety of unusual features may indicate its climbing habit evolved independently of other rattans. Bees are observed visitors to the flowers while Anthracoceros convexus feeds on the fruit.
|
|
"Liodon" mosasauroides is apparently referable to the Maastrichtian-age genus Eremiasaurus based on unpublished morphological comparisons reported in an SVP abstract by Mohr et al. (2019).Mohr, LeBlanc, Caldwell, 2019. REDESCRIPTION AND REASSIGNMENT OF “LIODON” MOSASAUROIDES TO THE GENUS EREMIASAURUS (SQUAMATA, MOSASAURIDAE). SVP 2019, Annual Meeting, Program and Abstracts, 79A: 155.
|
|
They also described other Elongatoolithus specimens of an indeterminate oospecies. In 1991, the Russian paleontologist Konstantin Mikhailov created the modern, formal classification scheme for fossil eggs. He used Zhao's naming conventions, keeping Elongatoolithus, Macroolithus, and Nanhsiungoolithus in Elongatoolithidae. He mentioned that several Mongolian eggs were referable to Elongatoolithidae or Elongatoolithus.
|
|
This is further attested to since the masonry of the birket is inferior in character and resembles the later Roman work in Syria. Additionally, this reservoir appears to be mentioned by the Bordeaux Pilgrim (section 4) as already existing, and "would therefore most naturally be referable to Hadrian."Warren, Charles. Conder, Claude Reigner.
|
|
The majority of dinosaur skin impressions are referable to the Hadrosauridae. In North American specimens from the Maastrichtian age, skin impressions are 31 times more abundant in association with hadrosaurid specimens than with any other group. The reasons for this distribution is unclear. Of all known hadrosaurid skin impressions, 25% belong Edmontosaurus.
|
|
Fastnacht therefore concluded that Huene's two specimens belonged to different species, with the first high-spined specimen referable to Sclerothorax. However, three more specimens were uncovered in German museum collections with nearly complete skulls attached to vertebral columns. These specimens had broad heads, proving that Huene's second specimen also belongs to Sclerothorax.
|
|
The extinct "ungulate" order Notoungulata is represented by a few fossils only. Four isolated teeth may represent the same species, a sheep-sized member of the suborder Toxodontia. A single, very small tooth may belong to a member of the toxodont family Notohippidae. A jaw fragment is referable to the family Interatheriidae (suborder Typotheria).
|
|
377 Two years later, Prieto published a note to compare the two and concluded that they were referable to the same genus, but different species. Thus, the genus Seorsumuscardinus now includes the species Seorsumuscardinus alpinus from MN 4 and S. bolligeri from MN 5. Prieto provisionally placed the Tägernaustrasse material with S. alpinus.Prieto, 2009, p.
|
|
Tetragonosaurus was found to be juveniles of Corythosaurus or Lambeosaurus. T. erectofrons was assigned to Corythosaurus based largely on biometric information. The only non-typic specimen of Tetragonosaurus, assigned to T. erectofrons, was found later to be referable to Hypacrosaurus, although the holotype of the species was still found to be assignable to Corythosaurus.
|
|
Ciênc.. 1936; 8: 33–36 However, Andrade et al. (2011) rejected referral of the species of Goniopholis and treated it as a nomen dubium referable to Neosuchia indeterminate.Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zool J Linn Soc.
|
|
The silvery white stigma consists of a small anterior comma and of a wide angled V shape. In some specimens, the arms of the V do not meet at the apex and the stigma then consists of three spots. Occasional specimens without the stigma are referable to form innotata. The larvae feed on an unidentified Asclepiadoideae creeper.
|
|
This conclusion was supported by a 2015 re-description of O. velox, which found that only the holotype specimen was confidently referable to that species. The authors of this study tentatively referred to the Kaiparowits specimen as Ornithomimus sp., along with all of the specimens from the Dinosaur Park Formation.Claessens, L. & Mark A. Loewen, M.A. (2015).
|
|
B. mariantensis occurs in the Mariante 1 locality that yielded isolated dicynodont remains, which is near Mariante 2 that yielded more complete material referable to Dinodontosaurus, both of which belong to the Alemoa Member beds of the formation. This puts B. mariantensis in the Dinodontosaurus Assemblage Zone which is of Ladinian age, thus making it the youngest known stenaulorhynchine.
|
|
Le gisement de Dinosauriens triasiques de Maphutseng (Basutoland) et l'origine des Sauropodes [The Triassic dinosaur locality of Maphutseng (Basutoland) and the origin of sauropods]. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences à Paris, Série D. 262, 444-447. Ellenberger (1972) regarded the genus as a giant carnosaur, and Kitching and Raath (1984) treated it as possibly referable to Basutodon.Ellenberger, 1972.
|
|
It is the largest theropod known from Europe. It was the morphological distinctiveness of the holotype maxilla ML1100 that led to the naming of the Portuguese species. In 2020 a fragmentary maxilla referable to Torvosaurus was described from the middle Callovian Ornatenton Formation of Germany. This is the oldest record of the genus, and suggests that megalosaurines originated in Europe.
|
|
The Brazilian spiny tree rat (Makalata didelphoides) is a species of rodent in the family Echimyidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and Trinidad & Tobago where it lives in lowland tropical rainforest. There is also a population in Ecuador which is referable either to this species or to Makalata macrurus. It is nocturnal, and eats seeds.
|
|
Cast of the P. tubicen holotype crest Parasaurolophus is known from three certain species, P. walkeri, P. tubicen, and P. cyrtocristatus. All of them can be distinguished from each other, and have many differences. The first named species, therefore the type, is P. walkeri. One certain specimen, from the Dinosaur Park Formation is referred to it, but many more are almost certainly referable.
|
|
Shapley though (Broadcasting a Life, p.46) believed the incident occurred during Coal (17 November 1938). Shapley had to use placards requesting Durham miners "not say bugger or bloody", one incident of several which persuaded BBC Director General Sir John Reith to insist on broadcasts being scripted.Peter M. Lewis "Referable Words", in Paddy Scannell (ed) Broadcast Talk, London: Sage, p.
|
|
The incisors are long and procumbent and contain a band of enamel on only part of the tooth. The jaw fragment contains a long tooth socket for the incisor and bears a bladelike fourth lower premolar, resembling those of multituberculates. The premolar of Argentodites is similar. Two upper premolars also resemble multituberculate teeth, but whether these premolars are referable to Ferugliotheriidae is controversial.
|
|
Finds of previously documented species included both sizable and hatchling Apatosaurus, hatchling Camarasaurus, several Camptosaurus of different age groups, and Stegosaurus fossils. The new theropoda species that would come to be known as Saurophaganax was also discovered there. By December 1939, excavation had commenced on the Stovall team's fifth quarry. The most significant remains uncovered there are referable to the large sauropod Diplodocus.
|
|
503 however, this announcement rescinded that decision. In 2003–04, all desert warbler records were reviewed, and it was concluded that all were referable to the newly split Asian desert warbler, rather than African desert warbler.BBRC report for 2003, pp. 606–07 right A review of American and Pacific golden plover records was begun in 1991,BBRC report for 1990, p.
|
|
The usage of basketry was similar to Unit II, and the first pottery from the site was identified in Unit III. They were identified as ollas and jars and five of them were referable to the Fremont culture and one of them was Shoshoni ware. Red-painted bone splinters and Fremont style moccasins became common for the first time during this era.
|
|
However, recent estimates suggest a total body length between and and a body weight between and . In a 2013 study by Ibiricu et al., it was concluded that the holotype and four more individuals referable to Aniksosaurus, were juvenile to sub- adult individuals as shown by a histological analysis. The two individuals analyzed had histological characteristics that suggested an approximate age of three.
|
|
Aphantophryne nana is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to the Philippines and is known with certainty only from the island of Camiguin. It is unclear whether similar frogs from northeast Mindanao are referable to this species. It was described as Oreophryne nana, but based on molecular data it was moved to Aphantophryne in 2017.
|
|
A second specimen from the same locality, ROM 41991, may be referable to this genus based on its forefin structure, but this cannot be confirmed due to its poor preservation. Macgowania has a very stable position in many cladistic analyses. The family Macgowaniidae was named by McGowan and Motani in 2003 to include this genus.McGowan C, Motani R. 2003. Ichthyopterygia.
|
|
These specimens are also similar to Owenetta, and therefore likely referable to Barasaurus as well. The presence of five phalanges in the fifth pedal digit (as seen in the phalangeal formula) is unique among amniotes to Barasaurus and mesosaurs, however their feet are easily distinguishable on the basis of other traits, suggesting that this unusual formula represents an additional autapomorphy for Barasaurus.
|
|
Shartegosuchids are considered to be basal crocodyliforms, but their classification within the group is still debated. At various times since the construction of the family, shartegosuchids have been considered to be protosuchians, mesosuchians, and perhaps notosuchians of atoposaurids. Fruitachampsa, a crocodylomorph from the Morrison Formation in Colorado, is also referable to Shartegosuchidae. Before it was formally named in 2011, it was commonly known as the "Fruita form".
|
|
This body length falls within the size range of the top predator of the Oxford Clay Sea, the pliosaurid Liopleurodon ferox. Two further specimens in the Museum of Jurassic Marine Life are referable to Plesiosuchus manselii: K181, isolated teeth, partial maxilla?, partial left mandible, ribs, vertebrae, femur; and K434, right dentary. The isolated Spanish tooth crown (MUJA-1004) described by Ruiz-Omeñaca et al.
|
|
Hence six unions are legitimate, that is, fully fertile, and 12 are illegitimate, or more or less unfertile. Wallace has shown that the females of certain butterflies from the Malay Archipelago appear in three conspicuously distinct forms without intermediate links. In crystallography, trimorphism refers to the occurrence of certain forms in minerals which have the same chemical composition, but are referable to three systems of crystallization.
|
|
Low plasma magnesium (hypomagnesemia) is common: it is found in 2.5–15% of the general population. From 2005 to 2006, 48 percent of the United States population consumed less magnesium than recommended in the Dietary Reference Intake. Other causes are increased renal or gastrointestinal loss, an increased intracellular shift, and proton-pump inhibitor antacid therapy. Most are asymptomatic, but symptoms referable to neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and metabolic dysfunction may occur.
|
|
In 2006, Susannah Maidment reviewed the material. In several specimens, ZDM T7002, CV 720 and CV 721, no shared distinguishing features with the holotype could be established; she considered them no longer referable to Huayangosaurus. For CV 720 the reason was that this specimen could not be located in the collection. CV 721 was found to be so different that she suggested it might be a separate taxon.
|
|
Sivaelurus is an extinct genus of felid. The type and only species, S. chinjiensis, was described based on a fragmentary fossil found in Asia. It was originally described as Pseudaelurus chinjiensis in 1910, but was reassigned to a new genus in 1915. A 2020 study of newfound material from the region suggested that the species Miopanthera lorteti be reassigned to this genus; it also descirbed fragmentary material referable to Sivaelurus sp.
|
|
Colic signs are referable to those seen with a strangulating lesion, such as moderate to severe abdominal pain, endotoxemia, decrease gut sounds, distended small intestine on rectal, and nasogastric reflux. This problem requires surgical correction. Survival for mesenteric rent entrapment is usually lower than other small intestinal strangulating lesions, possibly due to hemorrhage, difficulty correcting the entrapment, and the length of intestine commonly involved, with <50% of cases surviving until discharge.
|
|
Paramacellodus is an extinct genus of scincomorph lizards from the Early Cretaceous of England the Late Jurassic of Portugal and the western United States. The type species, Paramacellodus oweni, was named in 1967 from the Purbeck Formation in Dorset, England. Additional material referable to a species of Paramacellodus, possibly P. oweni, has been described from the Morrison Formation, specifically in Como Bluff, Wyoming, and Dinosaur National Monument, Utah.Foster, J. (2007).
|
|
This Angel created the world, in which he is the representative of God. God Himself never came in contact with men, nor did He speak to Israel on Mt. Sinai. The Law and the communications to the Prophets proceeded from the Angel, to whom are referable all the anthropological expressions concerning God found in the Bible (Hadassi, "Eshkol," 25b). The soul forms a part of the body, and is therefore perishable.
|
|
Three additional species, S. attridgei, S. charigi, and S. hirschoni, were named from the Manda Formation in 1972. In 1973, a Russian species of Scalenodon was named S. boreus. S. boreus is known from the southern Ural Mountains of Orenburg Oblast. A 2003 analysis of traversodontid relationships did not find the species of Scalenodon from the Manda Formation to form a single clade, meaning that many were not referable to the genus.
|
|
207; Kruchek, 2004, p. 269 They occur or occurred on many continental-shelf islands and one oceanic island, Jamaica; their adeptness at colonizing islands may be caused by their close association with water and frequent occurrence in coastal wetlands. The oldest fossils date to the Rancholabrean of the United States, about 300,000 years ago; although there have been some earlier North American records, those are not in fact referable to Oryzomys or even Oryzomyini.
|
|
The rufous trident bat, Persian trident bat, or triple nose-leaf bat (Triaenops persicus) is a species of bat in the genus Triaenops. It occurs in southwestern Pakistan, southern Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Yemen. In the last country, it occurs together with the much smaller Triaenops parvus. Populations from Madagascar and mainland Africa have also been assigned to T. persicus, but are referable to the species Triaenops menamena and Triaenops afer, respectively.
|
|
They should reduce UV light exposure, to minimize the risk of BCCs. They should also be advised that receiving Radiation therapy for their skin cancers may be contraindicated. They should look for symptoms referable to other potentially involved systems: the CNS, the genitourinary system, the cardiovascular system, and dentition. Genetic counseling is advised for prospective parents, since one parent with NBCCS causes a 50% chance that their child will also be affected.
|
|
Thus, the name butoti can at least be used for the color variation if it is decided to include the Kangean populations in the nominate form of perversus. Besides the nominate color pattern of butoti, shells referable to the infraviridis, infrapictus, rufocinctus, sultanus and typical perversus pattern were seen on Kangean Island. Paratypes: Specimens were seen from several localities on Kangean Island. The shells from Sepandjang are in Chicago Natural History Museum, no.
|
|
In Malabar District various preparations of the plant were used against asthma and tuberculosis and for 'nervous twitchings' (referable possibly to tic disorder), cramp, epileptic spasms, vertigo, palpitations, kidney stone and menstrual disorder. The plant has also been used in Assam to treat wounds, cuts and bruises. The plant has been used as an emollient in India and Nepal. Under the name of rasna the root is used to treat rheumatism throughout the Indian subcontinent.
|
|
Material from this site appears referable to Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis. In 1974, Grande Prairie, Alberta science teacher Al Lakusta found a large bonebed along Pipestone Creek in Alberta. When the area was finally excavated between 1986 and 1989 by staff and volunteers of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, paleontologists discovered an amazingly large and dense selection of bones—up to 100 per square meter, with a total of 3,500 bones and 14 skulls.
|
|
Accessed on 2015-3-30 It has also been reported along the South African coast from Saldanha Bay to Port Alfred.Gosliner, T.M. 1987. Nudibranchs of Southern Africa This disjunct distribution is probably an indication of several related species being included under one name. Some of these South African animals are referable to Limacia lucida.Caballer Gutiérrez, M., Almón Pazos, B., Pérez Dieste, J., (2015) The sea slug genus Limacia Müller, 1781 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) in Europe.
|
|
Trackways referable to small temnospondyls have also been found in Carboniferous and Permian rocks. The trackways, called batrachichni, are usually found in strata deposited around freshwater environments, suggesting the animals had some ties to the water. A fossil of Sclerocephalus showing a large pectoral girdle and ventral plates Unlike modern amphibians, many temnospondyls are covered in small, closely packed scales. The undersides of most temnospondyls are covered in rows of large ventral plates.
|
|
Fossil of Citipati parent sitting on its nest Elongatoolithus were most likely laid by oviraptorosaurs. While most eggs are preserved without any trace of embryo or parent, several elongatoolithid nests have been found in association with skeletons of adult oviraptorosaurs. The parents apparently brooded on the nest to incubate the eggs. An adult Citipati skeleton was discovered in the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia associated with a nest of eggs most likely referable to E. frustrabilis.
|
|
With treatment, including surgical drainage, resolution of the empyema occurs from the dural side, and, if it is complete, a thickened dura may be the only residual finding. Symptoms include those referable to the source of the infection. In addition, most patients are febrile, with headache and neck stiffness, and, if untreated, may develop focal neurologic signs, lethargy, and coma. The CSF profile is similar to that seen in brain abscesses, because both are parameningeal infectious processes.
|
|
E. M. Knutsen, P. S. Druckenmiller, and J. Hurum. 2012. Redescription and taxonomic clarification of ‘Tricleidus’ svalbardensis based on new material from the Agardhfjellet Formation (Middle Volgian). Norwegian Journal of Geology 92:175-186 This assignment, along with the discovery of new plesiosauroids from Svalbard, prompted a new revision of Kimmeridge Clay cryptoclidids. Plesiosaurus trochantericus was declared a nomen dubium, being referable to Colymbosaurus but indeterminate at the species level, while Kimmerosaurus and Plesiosaurus manselii were recognized as distinct.
|
|
Furthermore, they reported the discovery of material referable to Saurosphargis from the Lower Muschelkalk of Winterswijk, Netherlands, that is under preparation. Saurosphargis and Sinosaurosphargis were included in a phylogenetic analysis, and were recovered in a monophyletic Saurosphargidae which was found to be the sister taxon of Thalattosauriformes. Sauropterygia was recovered as the sister taxon of their combined group, with a clade formed by Eusaurosphargis and Helveticosaurus in a position basal to it. In 2014, Li et al.
|
|
Of the humerus, they found it distinguishable from that of the SRA material, and so also not referable to the species. First hand study for a 2013 re-evaluation of European lambeosaurine material supported these conclusions. Laurent had, in a 2003 dissertation, referred more French lambeosaurine material to Pararhabdodon, held at the Musée des Dinosaures d’Espéraza; the referral was made as the genus was at that point the only named lambeosaurine from the continent.Laurent, Y. (2002).
|
|
Here, more specimens of Saurosuchus were referred: PVSJ 369, 675 and 615. In addition to this, the previous specimens PVL 2472 and PVL 2267 were excluded, both of them being not referable to Saurosuchus. Saurosuchus was also reported from the Chinle Formation of Arizona in 2002 on the basis of isolated teeth and small skull fragments. The diagnostic value of these bones has been questioned in later studies, which considered them to be from an indeterminate species of rauisuchian.
|
|
A diverse assortment of palaeoniscoid fish teeth and scales and bivalve shells are by far the most abundant fossils. Worm burrows and ostracods are also very common. Tetrapod remains include Dimetrodon teeth, unusually small "Lysorophus" (Brachydectes) vertebrae, skull fragments from small Diplocaulus and Trimerorhachis, a few Eryops components, and fragments from various microsaurs, possibly referable to Pantylus, Microbrachis, and/or Pelodosotis. Most of the bones belong to small animals, likely due to taphonomic bias due to ease of transportation.
|
|
Recent studies find little kinship between Atychodracon and true Rhomaleosaurus spp., aside from traits that are shared between most rhomaleosaurids. In fact, all phylogenetic analyses that included representatives of Rhomaleosaurus and specimens now referable to Atychodracon, didn't find any close affinity. On the other hand, several phylogenetic analyses recovered Eurycleidus as the sister taxon of Atychodracon when both are included, which seems to imply a close kinship between the taxa, as originally suggested by Andrews (1922).
|
|
Nevertheless, all the referred skulls share the same patterns of caputegulae (although little variation among individuals is observable) and therefore referable to the genus. The most complete skull is MPC-D 100/1354. It nicely preserves the maxillary rostrum, which is broad and semi-rectangular in shape and fused, no teeth are found in this zone; probably useful on flat surfaces. As expected, the caputegulae are poligon to tubercle-shaped, with some being present on the nasal area.
|
|
Viverdon Down Viverdon Quarry is a Site of Special Scientific Interest on Viverdon Down and is a Geological Conservation Review site. The citations states: > This locality is a rare inland exposure which is fossiliferous and has > yielded a Dinantian (anchoralis Zone) conodont fauna. Recent work has also > recorded ostracods and bivalves referable to a Famennian age. This site is > of great importance in interpreting the local stratigraphy as it reveals > previously unknown structural features including the Upper Devonian thrust > over the Carboniferous.
|
|
While new material referable to Typothorax has been found in recent years throughout the American southwest, Episcoposaurus is no longer considered valid. Cope, along with later paleontologists such as Friedrich von Huene, recognized that remains of the type species E. horridus actually belonged to Typothorax. Another species, E. haplocerus, was reassigned to Desmatosuchus in 1953. Photograph of the carapace of Stegomus, described by Marsh in 1896 A third North American genus called Stegomus was named by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1896.
|
|
Another, very small ilium referred to Stokesosaurus, found in South Dakota, is lost but may actually belong to the related Aviatyrannis. More fragmentary remains possibly referable to Stokesosaurus have been recovered from stratigraphic zone 2 of the Morrison Formation, dated to the late Kimmeridgian age, about 152 million years ago.Turner, C.E. and Peterson, F., (1999). "Biostratigraphy of dinosaurs in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the Western Interior, U.S.A." Pp. 77–114 in Gillette, D.D. (ed.), Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah.
|
|
The presence of alula and a complete set of aerodynamic asymmetric feathers arranged forming a modern wing, (2012): "Primitive Wing Feather Arrangement in Archaeopteryx lithographica and Anchiornis huxleyi", Current Biology, . indicate well develop flight capabilities, as in many other enantiornithean taxa. Its hindlimb morphology remain uncertain as no material of this kind referable to the genus has been found to date. A 2018 study analyzed the proportions of Eoalulavis and Concornis to determine the optimal flight pattern for those genera.
|
|
A phylogenetic analysis conducted by Nesbitt (2011), one of the most extensive on archosaurs, found CM 73372 to be the most basal crocodylomorph, thus referable neither to P. kirkpatricki nor to Rauisuchidae. In their description of Vivaron, Lessner et al. (2016) questioned the random referral of all rauisuchid material from the southwestern US to Postosuchus, saying that the discovery of Vivaron stresses the need for a re-appraisal of all material from localities younger or older than unequivocal remains of Postosuchus and Vivaron.
|
|
Erpetosuchus. The first remains of Erpetosuchus were found in the Lossiemouth Sandstone Formation in Scotland, dating back to the late Carnian stage of the Late Triassic. The holotype specimen is BMNH R3139 and consists of a skull and a partial postcranial skeleton. During a field trip in 1995 to the lower part of the New Haven Formation in Connecticut, American palaeontologist Paul E. Olsen discovered a partial skull that, after preparation and description in 2000 (Olsen et al. 2000), was referable to Erpetosuchus.
|
|
Other findings of human bones, always referable to the final phase of the Paleolithic, include a jaw bone and a temporal bone. In addition, bone and stone tools were discovered that were used by these prehistoric people in their daily lives. The cave, as evidenced by further findings, was also inhabited during the Neolithic period. In addition to the human bones in the cave there were numerous bones of extinct animals such as the Megaloceros cazioti and the Prolagus sardus.
|
|
In the run up to the election, several polling organisations carried out public opinion polling in regard to voting intentions. Results of these polls are displayed below. The figures sometimes show extrapolations from the raw data contained in the pdf files, and in several cases the percentages are not directly referable to that data. ARPO, ICM, Ipsos MORI, Populus, TNS-BMRB (formerly TNS System Three) and YouGov are members of the British Polling Council, and abide by its disclosure rules.
|
|
Its consists of five vertebral centra, a neural arch, one dorsal and two sacral ribs, the right ischium, the complete right hindlimb, the right pes, an incomplete left pes, and various other fragments. AMNH 5266 was discovered in 1912 at Red Deer River and was collected by Barnum Brown with assistance from Peter Kaisen, George Olsen, and Charles M Sternberg in the sediments from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation.Coombs, W.P., Jr. (1986, June). A Juvenile ankylosaur referable to the genus euoplocephalus (reptilia, ornithischia).
|
|
Several traits suggest that the lower Triassic and upper Permian specimens are referable to Barasaurus. The presence of a fused astragalocalcaneum indicate that they belong to the Procolophonia. Among parareptiles, only specimens of Barasaurus and the millerettid Broomia possess a fifth distal tarsal, a reversal to the primitive amniote condition. This trait is considered an autapomorphy of both genera separately, as Broomia is easily distinguished from Barasaurus on the basis of several other characters and its phylogenetic position within Parareptilia.
|
|
He proposed in addition that those arcs are interconnected and interacting in the production of coordinated movement. The reflex function excited great attention on the continent of Europe, though in England some of his papers were refused publication by the Royal Society. Hall thus became the authority on the multiform deranged states of health referable to an abnormal condition of the nervous system, and he gained a large practice. Hall also published books on neurological diseasesHall M. Lectures on the Nervous System and its Diseases.
|
|
A common example would be the electronic health record, where it is imperative to accurately validate patient identity against a single referential repository, which serves as the SSOT. Duplicate representations of data within the enterprise would be implemented by the use of pointers rather than duplicate database tables, rows, or cells. This ensures that data updates to elements in the authoritative location are comprehensively distributed to all federated database constituencies in the larger overall enterprise architecture. SSOT systems provide data that are authentic, relevant, and referable.
|
|
Additionally, four small caudal vertebrae were associated with the specimen AMNH 6368, the vertebrae were not included in the original description. Nevertheless, in 1984 they were catalogued as AMNH 21784. Mader and Bradley described these vertebrae, and were provisionally identified as caudal vertebrae of a small theropod dinosaur that is not phylogenetically referable to either the Tyrannosauroidea or Therizinosauridae as they show resemblance to the caudal vertebrae of Deinonychus and Plateosaurus. The Bayan Shireh material may or may not belong to this genus, and needs further study.
|
|
Substantial numbers of patients with intestinal malabsorption present initially with symptoms or laboratory abnormalities that point to other organ systems in the absence of or overshadowing symptoms referable to the gastrointestinal tract. For example, there is increasing epidemiologic evidence that more patients with coeliac disease present with anemia and osteopenia in the absence of significant classic gastrointestinal symptoms. Microcytic, macrocytic, or dimorphic anemia may reflect impaired iron, folate, or vitamin B12 absorption. Purpura, subconjunctival hemorrhage, or even frank bleeding may reflect hypoprothrombinemia secondary to vitamin K malabsorption.
|
|
521 Several other mammals have been recorded from the late Cretaceous of Madagascar, mostly on the basis of isolated teeth. A possible second gondwanathere is represented by a tooth that is larger and lower-crowned than those of Lavanify, and a yet lower-crowned tooth may also be of a gondwanathere. A lower molar, UA 8699, may be of a marsupial or a placental and a molar fragment is referable to Multituberculata. Finally, an as-yet-undescribed mammal is known from a fairly complete skeleton.
|
|
They described several eggshell fragments, including some that were comparable to Continuoolithus, but perhaps more similar to the elongatoolithid Macroelongatoolithus in their ornamentation. In 2011, Kohei Tanaka et al. described numerous eggshell fragments from the Fruitland Formation in New Mexico, including a few fragments referable to Continuoolithus sp. In 2017, a team of Canadian paleontologists lead by Darla Zelenitsky reported the discovery of a pair of Continuoolithus shell fragments at the Willow Creek Formation in Alberta, representing the first fossils of the oogenus found in the Maastrichtian.
|
|
Several different species of Lystrosaurus have been reported from this formation in the past, but a 2005 analysis concluded that they were all referable to only a single species: Lystrosaurus murrayi. More recently, Lystrosaurus declivis and a species close to Lystrosaurus curvatus have also been found in lower portions of the Formation. A genus of cynodont, Panchetocynodon, was also present in the formation. Fossils of Thrinaxodon, a cynodont common to the Karoo supergroup, have also been reported in the Panchet Formation, although these claims remain unsubstantiated.
|
|
The specimens did indeed suggest that a new species had been discovered, but they were not sufficient for formal publication. Early in May the following year, John Falconer drove over 2000 kilometres on unsealed tracks from Warburton to Point Culver and back again, in order to collect fresh flowers and fruit of the purported new species. Alex George then began preparing a formal description of the species. During his research, he discovered that Nelson's Toolinna Cove specimen was also referable to the undescribed species.
|
|
According to nomenclatural priority, the northwestern Mogollon Rim population of L. chiricahuensis, described in 1979, is referable to the 1893-described, extinct population of the species, L. fisheri. L. chiricahuensis may remain a valid taxon for the southern and eastern range of the Chiricahua leopard frog. Though what many may assume is that just because an identical species of the Vegas Valley leopard frog was discovered, many may not know that the Chiricahuensis Leopard Frog is actually endangered and listed under the federal threatend page. Apparently, two separate species are within the L. fisheri/L.
|
|
A Sunda colugo (Galeopterus variegatus), a living relative of Dermotherium Colugos are a small group of Southeast Asian gliding mammals closely related to the primates. Their fossil record is exceptionally poor. Although Paleogene groups such as the Plagiomenidae are considered by some to be closely related to colugos, no fossils undoubtedly referable to the living colugo family, Cynocephalidae, had been reported until 1992. In that year, Stéphane Ducrocq and colleagues described a jaw fragment from the Eocene of Thailand as a new genus and species of colugo, Dermotherium major.
|
|
Brazilotitan and Baalsaurus were described as a titanosaurs, closely related to A. wichmannianus. The back of the skull and the remainder of the skeleton are usually regarded as titanosaurian by researchers, although they do not necessarily belong to the same type of titanosaur. In 2005, Jeffrey Wilson considered the braincase as being referable to Nemegtosauridae but noted that other skull remains require further study. A study, published in 2012 by Ariana Paulina Carabajal, CT scanned the A. wichmannianus braincase which revealed the complete brain endocast and the inner ear structures.
|
|
Cast of a flipper referred to P. brachydeirus P. brachydeirus is known from the holotype which includes seven specimens found in association and housed at Oxford University Museum of Natural History, OUMNH J.9245, OUMNH J.9247 through OUMNH J.9301 and OUMNH J.10453. The specimen consists of a partial skull and lower jaw, several axial elements and limb material. Other specimens that are referable to this species include OUMNH J.9285, and OUMNH J.9192 through OUMNH J.9301, all described by Owen (1841–1842) and were found associated with the holotype.
|
|
The first Desmatosuchus discovery occurred in the late 19th century when E.D. Cope classified armor from the Dockum Group in Texas, USA, as the new species Episcoposaurus haplocerus. Case later classified a partial skeleton found in the Tecovas Formation as Desmatosuchus spurensis. Since the localities of Cope and Case were only a few kilometers apart, the two taxa were synonymized into Desmatosuchus haplocerus, the initial type species of the genus. A revision of Desmatosuchus by Parker (2008) found the lectotype of Episcoposaurus haplocerus to be referable to Desmatosuchus but indeterminate at the species level.
|
|
The component species of Atopula were later dispersed to other genera by Bolton (1976), who retained genus Brunella as its "affinities are unclear." Later however, Bolton (1982) synonymised Brunella under Aphaenogaster, thus returning M. belti to its original generic combination. More extensive recent sampling of the Madagascan ant fauna has made it clear that this synonymy was incorrect. The discovery of several species referable to Forel's Brunella has allowed the diagnosis of a distinct group of Madagascan endemics, which are convergent in some characters with Aphaenogaster but certainly not congeneric with it.
|
|
The specific name honours Kenneth Carpenter for his work on dinosaurs in general and iguandonts in particular. David Norman, in 2013, considered Paul's description of Mantellodon to be inadequate, identical to that given by Paul of Darwinsaurus and entirely incorrect, noting that no dentary is preserved in the holotype specimen, and that the preserved forelimb elements "are gracile, carpals are not preserved, the metacarpals are elongate and slender, and a thumb spike is not preserved". Norman considered the holotype specimen of Mantellodon carpenteri to be referable to the species Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis.
|
|
Palaeotherium belongs to the family Palaeotheriidae, a group proposed to consist of two subfamilies, the Palaeotheriinae representing Palaeotherium and the Plagiolophinae containing the closely related Plagiolophus. Although at times proposed to be ancestral to modern horses the palaeotheres are now considered a sister taxon to the Equidae, and not part of the same lineage. The species and subspecies referable to Palaeotherium are a subject of debate, due in part to the diversity of species within the genus. Species and subspecies are mainly assigned based on dental and cranial characteristics.
|
|
Two additional specimens, both housed at the National Museum of Ireland, are currently referable to A. megacephalus - NMING F10194, a partial skeleton that includes the skull but not the lower jaw from Street, and NMING F8749, a partial skeleton that includes a damaged skull and suffers from pyrite decay, from Barrow-upon-Soar. Both specimens also came from the lower Blue Lias, and likely date to the early Hettangian too. WARMS 10875, a complete skeleton from Wilmcote, Warwickshire was referred to "P." megacephalus in older publications, e.g. Cruickshank (1994a).
|
|
Yet, this is not supported by all analyses, and despite the difficulty in directly comparing the two, several differences exist. The holotype of Eurycleidus lacks a skull, and the previously referable OUM J.28585 probably represents a new taxon, so little overlapping material exists between the holotypes of Atychodracon and Eurycleidus. However the following differences are notable: in Eurycleidus the midline cleft on the bottom surface of the mandibular symphysis is not bordered by the splenials from the back, like in Atychodracon. In Eurycleidus, an additional large asymmetrical cleft separates the splenials on the midline.
|
|
In 1996, a newly described partial skull known as IVPP V8266 that was referable to Platyognathus was designated as a neotype. It was collected in 1984 from the Lower Lufeng in Yunnan. The authors of the paper that described the neotype agreed with the previous studies that the material described in 1965 does not belong to Platyognathus because CUP 2083 lacks many of the features of the holotype. In CUP 2083, the mandibular symphysis is unfused, there is a single caniniform tooth in the dentary, and there is no groove along the symphysis.
|
|
Wannia was first described and named by the late Dr. Wann Langston Jr. in 1949 as a species referable to Paleorhinus, P. scurriensis. An alternative generic name, Wannia, was proposed by Michelle R. Stocker in 2013 creating the new combination Wannia scurriensis. The generic name honors Langston for his extensive work on archosaur palaeontology, and the specific name refers to the Scurry County where the holotype was found. Wannia is known solely from the holotype TTU P-00539, a partial skull preserved in two parts housed at Texas Tech University.
|
|
The vegetation from the Kenslow member suggests a subtropical, seasonally wet climate, with an average temperature of 26-28°C for the warmest month, and 6-12°C for the coldest month. The palynomorph assemblage is dominated by pollen of the genera Picea, Pinus, Tsuga and Sciadopitys, the last of which today is confined to a single species in Japan. It was probably deposited close to sea level, but a significant distance from the sea. Fossil wood and pollen referable to the genus Cryptomeria has also been found.
|
|
The teeth show a typical replacement pattern in which during each replacement cycle every third tooth is renewed.C.E. Gow, 1975, "A new heterodontosaurid from the Redbeds of South Africa showing clear evidence of tooth replacement", Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 57: 335-339 Gow himself in 1990 concluded that the holotype of Lanasaurus was actually a specimen of Lycorhinus angustidens.Gow, C.E., 1990, "A tooth- bearing maxilla referable to Lycorhinus angustidens Haughton, 1924 (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)", Annals of the South African Museum 99: 367–380 This has been commonly accepted since.Norman, D.B., Sues, H.D., Witmer, L.M. and Coria, R.A.. (2004).
|
|
In this case the statues would have portrayed the retinue or the bodyguards of the god himself. One has to notice that nearby the necropolis a rectangular structure has been erected but this building is in concrete and clearly referable to the Roman age, even if it cannot be completely ruled out – due to the lack of excavations – that underneath the Roman building there was a nuragic megaron temple. The presence of other sacral monuments in the vicinity of the necropolis is in any case suggested by the finding of typical quoins employed in the construction of sacred wells.Giants' grave model.
|
|
The Greek sources translate the Knez-Titel consistently with "ἄρχων" (Archon), while the titulation in Latin sources is inconsistent. The dominating titles are "dux" and "rex", rarely "regulus", "princeps" and unique "comes". In what way the Knez-Titel is referable to modern titles such as Prince, Duke or King, is matter of scholarly debate. In the pre-state period the western Slavonic tribes regularly had more than one ruler, contrary to the situation in Moravia after Mojmir I. – In: Miroslav Lysý: Titul mojmírovských panovníkov, S. 24-33; František Graus: Dux-rex Moraviae, S. 181-190; Sommer et al: Great Moravia.
|
|
The most common species found, the polydolopimorphian Wamradolops tsulludon, shows features that suggest it was adapted for breaking down hard food items such as seeds or bark. Hundreds of rodent fossils have been found at Santa Rosa, many of which cannot be identified precisely. These rodents are referable to the caviomorph group of rodents, which is unique to the Americas, and includes at least eleven species classified in the families Erethizontidae (New World porcupines), Echimyidae (spiny rats), and Agoutidae (agoutis). All Santa Rosa rodents share a common morphological pattern of the teeth, suggestive of a basal place in the caviomorph radiation.
|
|
N. eos was a small species, about the size of a blackbird; it probably looked like a miniature gull with clawed wings and a neck and head more similar to that of a feathered theropod dinosaur. It presumably fed on marine invertebrates and small fish on the coast of what was then the Eromanga Sea, a shallow subtropical arm of the Tethys Seaway. The theory that Nanantius were seabirds is evidenced by the fact that another tibiotarsus referable to this genus, and quite possibly to N. eos itself, was found in the gut of an ichthyosaur with specimen number QM F16811.
|
|
The fragmentary nature of the material referable to Listrognathosuchus have made it hard to classify within Crocodylia, but it is now thought to be a relatively basal alligatoroid. Listrognathosuchus is closely related to Borealosuchus, a more basal eusuchian that is not an alligatoroid, but rather a close relative of a monophyletic group of which the superfamilies Alligatoroidea and Crocodyloidea comprise. In fact, Borealosuchus was first used as a replacement name for four species of Leidyosuchus, the same genus that Listrognathosuchus multidentatus once belonged to. Prior to the reassessment of Leidyosuchus in 1997, many relationships for the genus within Crocodilia have been considered.
|
|
The specific name honours Ricardo Farias, on whose land the initial discovery was made. The genus was originally known from an almost complete postcranial skeleton lacking a skull as the holotype, and many referred specimens however in 2003 it was found that a dentary was referable to the species, so more specimens are probably this taxon. Its skeleton was found near those of Piatnitzkysaurus and Volkheimeria in the Callovian to Oxfordian aged Patagonian deposits of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation. Patagosaurus is almost completely known with many articulated specimens found covering almost all of the skeleton, including parts of the skull.
|
|
Although Sorokin and Parsons worked together as colleagues, Sorokin would heavily criticize Parsons' works due to having opposing views. Sorokin disapproved of America's ways of civilization and felt as if it was in decline hence creating tension between Sorokin and Parsons; Parsons being an American sociologist while Sorokin was Russian. The rift between them was put to a hold when Harvard University and the American sociology community favored Parsons views and Sorokin's administrative position in Harvard was seized. Sorokin's research also focused on rural society hence making him more approachable and referable by other moral conservatives.
|
|
On rare occasions, a piece of small intestine (or rarely colon) can become trapped through the epiploic foramen into the omental bursa. The blood supply to this piece of intestine is immediately occluded and surgery is the only available treatment. This type of colic has been associated with cribbers, possibly due to changes in abdominal pressure, and in older horses, possibly because the foramen enlarges as the right lobe of the liver atrophies with age, although it has been seen in horses as young as 4 months old. Horses usually present with colic signs referable to small intestinal obstruction.
|
|
Therefore, it was tentatively referred to as Pliosaurus cf. kevani. According to Knutsen (2012), OUMNH J.10454 is referable to P. macromerus, together with two associated fragments, OUMNH J.50376 and OUMNH J.50377, each constituting one ramus of a lower jaw from a single individual. All three specimens were collected from the same pit, are of similar size, and have "type III" retroarticular process. The referral to P. macromerus was based on this trait, a suggested similar symphyseal tooth count (six) between OUMNH J.10454 and the proposed neotype of P. macromerus, and their occurrence at approximately the same stratigraphic level.
|
|
Compared to the first specimen, this specimen was nearly complete (missing only the pygostyle of the tail) and was fully articulated. Although referable to Oligocolius, the two specimens could be distinguished by differing limb proportions, and so the new specimen was assigned its own species, O. psittacocephalon. The species was named for the distinctive parrot-like skull present in the specimen (from the Greek psittakos and cephalon). Oligocolius is the only coliid known from the Oligocene and is the most complete Paleogene coliid known, however, it is more unlike modern mousebirds than some older Eocene forms (such as Primocolius and Palaeospiza).
|
|
It possessed traits of the tsintaosaurin tribe which Pararhabdodon was by that point assigned to. It was referable to Pararhabdodon in particular because of the rostrocaudally broad rostrocaudal region of the maxilla, a trait unique to P. isonensis among the tribe. The specimen was discovered at the Serrat del Rostiar 1 locality, part of the Conques Formation; this is part of the Tremp Group just like the type locality, but in a lower section of the strata, making it older. The referral to Pararhabdodon thus extended the range of the genus further within the upper Maastrichtian.
|
|
The assignment of these two specimens to Chindesaurus has now come under question. These specimens are housed in the collection of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Additional material referable to Chindesaurus was discovered in 2006, in gray/green siltstone at the Hayden Quarry of the Petrified Forest Member of the Chinle Formation in New Mexico. Another specimen, TMM 31100-523 which consists of a proximal femur, was discovered in the Colorado City Formation in Texas, in mudstone considered to be from the Carnian stage of the Triassic, approximately 235-228 million years ago.
|
|
Before the initial description of the tribe as the family Micronoctuidae in 2005, about 20 species were described in the families Arctiidae (now Arctiinae), Noctuidae, Nolidae (now Nolinae) and Pyralidae. The first species now referable to the tribe were named by Walker in 1863. Species of this tribe are rare in collections, possibly because most species are drably coloured (often a unicolorous brown, grey, or black) and are extremely small. Furthermore, lepidopterists specialising in macrolepidoptera ignore these species, thinking they belong to the microlepidoptera instead, while microlepidopterists collect them but usually classify them with unknown miscellaneous microlepidoptera.
|
|
Some hindlimb and pelvis bones from the Upper Weald Clay Formation (late Barremian) were referable to V. canaliculatus. Some material from the earlier Hastings Beds (Valanginian) were referred to a Valdosaurus sp. Galton established that Richard Owen had in 1842 been the first to describe Valdosaurus thighbones, specimens BMB 004297-004300, assigning them to Iguanodon. Galton emphasized that though the type femora were very small, fourteen centimetres long (which has led to estimates of a length of 1.2 metres and a weight of ten kilogramsPaul, G.S., 2010, The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs, Princeton University Press p.
|
|
In addition to the work above mentioned he wrote two others: On the Motions of the Earth, and on the Conception, Growth, and Decay of Man and Causes of his Diseases as referable to Galvanic Action, 1834; and Hints for Australian Emigrants, with descriptions of the Water-raising Wheels in Egypt, 1841. He contributed an account of a visit to the Falkland Islands to the Athenaeum and was a frequent writer elsewhere. He was a man of remarkable powers of observation, greatly attached to his brother Allan, and very popular among his friends. He died at Greenwich on 6 March 1864, aged 74.
|
|
Plesiosaur skeleton of Meyerasaurus in the Museum am Löwentor, Stuttgart, seen from below In general, plesiosaurians varied in adult length from between to about . The group thus contained some of the largest marine apex predators in the fossil record, roughly equalling the longest ichthyosaurs, mosasaurids, sharks and toothed whales in size. Some plesiosaurian remains, such as a long set of highly reconstructed and fragmentary lower jaws preserved in the Oxford University Museum and referable to Pliosaurus rossicus (previously referred to Stretosaurus and Liopleurodon), indicated a length of . However, it was recently argued that its size cannot be currently determined due to their being poorly reconstructed.
|
|
The specific name, mongoliensis, refers to the country of its discovery, Mongolia. Translated paper Some therizinosaur fossil findings at the Iren Dabasu Formation were first thought to be referable to Enigmosaurus. Although it is commonly known from the pelvis, several remains not mentioned in the original description of the holotype were labelled under the same specimen number (IGM 100/84). These elements are in poor condition compared to the pelvis, and they were not measured and illustrated: proximal end of a femur; large femoral shaft, might be a tibial shaft; some ribs; distal end of a humerus; a tentative radius and the proximal end of an ulna.
|
|
However, a later reexamination of fossils from the Guimarota Formation had found skull material that included a dentary similar to the one seen in the holotype of L. mitracostatus. These remains, being more complete than those of the holotype, showed that L. mitracostatus was really a crocodylomorph rather than an anguimorph. Furthermore, it was shown to be a genus distinct from Lisboasaurus, which had by then been shown to be a crocodylomorph as well. Several teeth referable to Lusitanisuchus were also found from Porto Dinheiro, Lourinhã in strata deposited during the Berriasian stage of the Early Cretaceous, extending the temporal range of this taxon by about 15 Ma.
|
|
The first remains of Erketu were found back in 2002 by the American Museum of Natural History–Mongolian Academy of Sciences expedition conducted in Mongolia. The team discovered the outcrops of the new locality Bor Guvé, which overlies the Khara Kuthul locality and therefore is referable to the Bayan Shireh Formation. The unearthed specimen, IGM 100/1803, was found in exposure at the sediments of Bor Guvé, mainly composed by sandstone and interbedded grey siltstones, suggesting a fluvial environment that is consistent with the Bayan Shireh Formation. Collected elements are mainly represented by cervical vertebrae and postcranial remains, such as the partial right sternum, tibia and fibula with astragalus and calcaneum.
|
|
In the 2000s, additional members of Ferugliotheriidae were described. In 2004, Francisco Goin and colleagues described a single enigmatic tooth from the Paleogene of Peru, LACM 149371; their best estimate was that it represented a member of Ferugliotheriidae. On the basis of a single p4, Kielan-Jaworowska and colleagues named Argentodites coloniensis, from the Late Cretaceous La Colonia Formation of Argentina, in 2007 as a multituberculate, possibly referable to the suborder Cimolodonta. Gurovich and Beck argued, however, that the p4 of Argentodites did not differ materially from that in the jaw they allocated to Ferugliotherium, and that Argentodites was based on a specimen of either Ferugliotherium or a closely related animal.
|
|
According to Taylor in 2009, it is not clearly referable to Brachiosaurus despite its large size of . Jensen himself worked at the Potter Creek site in 1971 and 1975, excavating the disarticulated specimen BYU 4744, which contains a mid-dorsal vertebra, an incomplete left ilium, a left radius and a right metacarpal. According to Taylor in 2009, this specimen can be confidently referred to B. altithorax, as far as it is overlapping with its type specimen. Jensen furthermore mentioned a specimen discovered near Jensen, Utah that includes a rib in length, an anterior cervical vertebra, part of a scapula, and a coracoid, although he did not provide a description.
|
|
Two species were referred to Goniopholis from Brazil. Goniopholis hartti from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil is in fact a member of the genus Sarcosuchus. G. paulistanus, based on two tooth crowns and a disassociated fragment of the right tibia from the Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group, has been reassigned to Itasuchidae and given its own genus Roxochampsa. From North America, G. lucasii and G. kirtlandicus are currently placed in their own genera Amphicotylus and Denazinosuchus, respectively, while G. felix, G. gilmorei, and G. stovalli, all from the Morrison Formation, are referable to Amphicotylus and closely related to Eutretauranosuchus which are known from the same formation.
|
|
Clinical signs of colic are usually referable to pain, although the horse may appear depressed rather than painful in cases of necrosis (tissue death) of the gastrointestinal tract, inflammation of the intestines, endotoxemia, or significant dehydration. Pain levels are often used to determine the need for surgery (See Surgical intervention). Horses are more likely to require surgery if they display severe clinical signs that can not be controlled by the administration of analgesics and sedatives, or have persistent signs that require multiple administrations of such drugs. Heart rate is often used as a measure of the animal's pain level and a heart rate >60 bpm is more likely to require surgery.
|
|
In the mid 19th century, the old travellers' accounts were incorrectly assumed to refer to white relatives of the dodo, due to one account specifically mentioning dodos on the island, and because 17th-century paintings of white dodos had recently surfaced. However, no fossils referable to dodo-like birds were ever found on Réunion, and it was later questioned whether the paintings had anything to do with the island. Other identities were suggested as well, based only on speculations. In the late 20th century, the discovery of ibis subfossils led to the idea that the old accounts actually referred to an ibis species instead.
|
|
As there do not appear to be any existing type specimens referable to Gilchrist's account, in 2006 Brett Human designated a long male caught in Hondeklip Bay as the species neotype. Historically, there has been much confusion in the scientific literature between H. regani, H. punctatus, and H. melanostigma, the last of which at various times had been considered a junior synonym of H. regani and was itself confounded with H. grennian. Furthermore, two forms of H. regani were once recognized: the "Cape" or "typical" form and the "Natal" or "northeastern" form. The latter "northeastern" form was described as a separate species, H. favus, in 2006.
|
|
In 2007, Gary Kaiser mentioned a Confuciusornis skeleton preserving an egg near its right foot – the first possible egg referable to the genus. The skeleton is from the short-tailed form and thus might represent a female. The egg might have fallen out of the body after the death of the presumed female, although it cannot be excluded that this association of an adult with an egg was only by chance. The egg is roundish in shape and measures 17 mm in diameter, slightly smaller than the head of the animal; according to Kaiser, it would have fitted precisely through the pelvic canal of the bird.
|
|
The same year Horner and Andrew T. McDonald moved Styracosaurus ovatus to its own genus, Rubeosaurus, finding it a sister species of Einiosaurus, while Styracosaurus albertensis was again located on the Centrosaurus branch. They also assigned specimen MOR 492, the basis of "Taxon A", to Rubeosaurus. In 2011, a subsequent study by Andrew T. McDonald in this respect replicated the outcome of his previous one, as did a publication by Andre Farke et al. In 2017, J.P. Wilson and Ryan further complicated the issue, concluding that MOR 492 ("Taxon A") was not referable to Rubeosaurus and announcing that yet another genus would be named for it.
|
|
This small genus was established by Emery (1899) for two conspicuous, large, darkly coloured Madagascan species that superficially resemble Tetramorium. Initially, Emery (1912, 1914) was of the opinion that the genus was referable to the tribe Myrmecinini, but Ashmead (1905) and Wheeler (1910) had already referred it to Tetramoriini, an opinion that Emery (1915, 1924) also came to accept. Bolton (1976) excluded Eutetramorium from Tetramoriini on morphological grounds, and tentatively transferred it to Myrmicini. This placement persisted until recently, when a molecular analysis of Myrmicini by Jansen & Savolainen (2010) showed that the monophyly of the tribe was dubious, and that Eutetramorium formed a clade with Huberia.
|
|
Additionally, W. scurriensis differs from both species of Paleorhinus in the presence of a ridge, rather than a row of nodes, on the lateral surface of the jugal. The small partial skull previously catalogued as referable to this species, TTU P-11422, does not share any diagnostic characters with the holotype. The specimens can be compared only in the area surrounding the right antorbital fenestra. Although TTU P-11422 does have a large antorbital fossa with a slightly posterodorsally inclined antorbital fenestra as in W. scurriensis, but the nasals just posterior to the nares are not swollen in contrast to the autapomorphic condition seen in the latter.
|
|
Juvenile B. sp. specimen SMA 0009 (the skull is reconstructed following the initial diplodocoid identification), Sauriermuseum Aathal The ontogeny of Brachiosaurus has been reconstructed by Carballido and colleagues in 2012 based on SMA 0009, a postcranial skeleton of a young juvenile with an estimated total body length of just . This skeleton shares some unique traits with the B. altithorax holotype, indicating it is referable to this species. These commonalities include an elevation on the rear blade of the ilium; the lack of a postspinal lamina; vertical neural spines on the back; an ilium with a subtle notch between the appendage for the ischium and the rear blade; and the lack of a side bulge on the upper thighbone.
|
|
Germanosaurus, meaning "German lizard", is an extinct aquatic genus of nothosaurid sauropterygian known from the early Middle Triassic (early Anisian stage) Lower Muschelkalk of what was known as Upper Silesia, now a part of Poland. The type species of Germanosaurus is G. latissimus, originally named as a species of Nothosaurus. After a new generic name was erected for it, the holotype fragmentary skull was lost, possibly during World War II. Rieppel (1997) thus considered the species to be a nomen dubium in the species. However, from surviving illustrations and descriptions of the material, he concluded that another taxon known as Cymatosaurus schafferi, is referable to Germanosaurus and possibly even represents the same species as G. latissimus.
|
|
Cyrtura is a dubious genus of extinct Testudinata from the Late Jurassic (early Tithonian) of the Solnhofen Formation of Bavaria, Germany. Cyrtura was originally described as a temnospondyl amphibian by Otto Jaekel in 1904 on the basis of MNB 1890, the distal portion of a tail with 14 caudal vertebrae. Most authors overlooked the genus, although those who mentioned Cyrtura dismissed it as either undiagnostic or referable to Testudines rather than Temnospondyli. Warren and Hutchinson (1983) rejected the temnospodyl classification of the genus based on examination of a cast of the holotype, and subsequent studies showed that Cyrtura is actually a marine turtle, although the lack of diagnostic characters renders it a nomen dubium.
|
|
Doubts arose in following years regarding whether Gracilisuchus was actually referable to the Ornithosuchidae. In 1979, Arthur Cruickshank separated pseudosuchians ("crocodile-line" archosaurs) into two groups based on whether they bore "crocodile-normal" or "crocodile-reversed" (where the peg and socket are located on the opposite bones) ankles. He observed that, while Gracilisuchus had a "crocodile-normal" joint, other ornithosuchids had a "crocodile-reversed" joint; he thus removed Gracilisuchus from the Ornithosuchidae. Donald Brinkman noted in 1981 that, without further information regarding the origin of "crocodile-reversed" joints, it would be possible that "crocodile-normal" joints represent the basal condition, which was retained in Gracilisuchus, with "crocodile- reversed" joints representing a specialization of later ornithosuchids.
|
|
Additionally, the anterior cervical vertebra attributed to NHMUK PV R6795 is extremely elongated relative to that of the middle dorsal vertebrae with a low centrum to neural arch ratio and a significant displacement between the two sides of the articular facet of the centrum. However, it is probable that the limb bones and other elements included in NHMUK PV R6795 do not belong to the same individual. Therefore, it is possible that the vertebrae of Teleocrater rhadinus are also referable to Nyasasaurus parringtoni. An analysis of the interior structure of the humerus indicates that bone growth was rapid, with interwoven bone fibers, many channels for blood vessels that radiate in all directions, and few lines of arrested growth.
|
|
This mosaic of features mirrors that seen in the Peștera cu Oase find, indicating possible Neanderthal admixture or generally robust (archaic) traits (or both).BBC Science news: Cave fossils are early Europeans, 30 October 2006 The early date makes the find referable to the early Cro-Magnon group of finds. On the basis of radiocarbon dating and also the analysis of the archaeological context, some researchers advanced the hypothesis of the association of these bones with Cro-Magnons and the Aurignacian archaeological culture. Others mention the possibility that these findings could belong to a certain regional culture from the Southern Carpathians, from the period of the Final Middle Paleolithic and Early Upper Paleolithic.
|
|
Plesiosaur skeleton of Meyerasaurus in the Museum am Löwentor, Stuttgart, seen from below In general, plesiosaurians varied in adult length from between to about . The group thus contained some of the largest marine apex predators in the fossil record, roughly equalling the longest ichthyosaurs, mosasaurids, sharks and toothed whales in size. Some plesiosaurian remains, such as a long set of highly reconstructed and fragmentary lower jaws preserved in the Oxford University Museum and referable to Pliosaurus rossicus (previously referred to Stretosaurus and Liopleurodon), indicated a length of . However, it was recently argued that its size cannot be currently determined due to their being poorly reconstructed and a length of metres is more likely.
|
|
The genus was based on a partial left maxilla (holotype AAIZ 1/1 or IZ AN KSSR 1/1), with the lower end of a left femur (AAIZ 1/2) possibly referable. Both were found at Akkurgan-Boltyk near Qyzylorda.Shilin, F.V., and Suslov, Y.V. (1982). A hadrosaur from the northeastern Aral Region. Paleontological Journal 1982(1):132-136 [translated version]. This is not much material for naming a new genus, and it was largely ignored until the mid-1990s, when the hypothesis that it was really a ceratopsid appeared.Nesov, L.A. (1995). Dinozavri severnoi Yevrasii: Novye dannye o sostave kompleksov, ekologii i paleobiogeografii [Dinosaurs of Northern Eurasia: new data about assemblages, ecology and paleobiogeography].
|
|
Pravusuchus is known from the holotype AMNH FR 30646, mostly complete but partially disarticulated skull, and from the referred specimens PEFO 31218, a partial skull, and PEFO 34239, partial skull, partial mandible, and possible partial postcrania. Although the holotype is slightly crushed dorsoventrally, it is not as flattened as PEFO 31218. All specimens referable to Pravusuchus were collected from the Sonsela Sandstone Bed (later referred to as Jasper / Rainbow Forest Bed) of the Norian-aged Sonsela Member, Chinle Formation from Navajo County, Arizona. PEFO 31218 and PEFO 34239 were found in the same stratigraphic horizon just west of Colbert's 1946 locality where AMNH FR 30646 was collected, and only 2–3 m higher stratigraphically than the holotype.
|
|
However Turner only referred to the taxa referable to Fucus; either Menzies collected very few or he gave only a few to Turner. Three of these species described by Turner later became the types of new genera (Papenfuss, 1976) and (Huisman, 2000) Turner also received plants from Robert Brown (1773–1858) the botanist who accompanied Captain Matthew Flinders on the Investigator (1801–1805). This collection also included many plants from Australia (Huisman, 2000). The real awakening of interest in American algae resulted from a visit by William Henry Harvey in 1849–1850 when he visited areas from Florida to Nova Scotia and produced three volumes of Nereis Boreali-Americana. These gave an incentive to others to study algae (Taylor, 1972 p. 21).Taylor,W.
|
|
The first discovery of the fossil remains of the duck, a single tarsometatarsus associated with large numbers of moa bones, was made at Enfield, near Oamaru in the South Island of New Zealand. It was first described, as Biziura delautouri, in March 1892 by Dr Henry Forbes, the director of the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch at the time, who named it after Dr H. de Lautour of Oamaru, who helped acquire the specimen. Another paper by Forbes later used the spelling Biziura lautouri; but the earlier name has priority. Subsequently, additional material was obtained from Marfells Beach, adjacent to Lake Grassmere at the north-eastern end of the South Island, and described in 1969 by Ron Scarlett, who considered the bird to be referable to B. lobata.
|
|
Civil law is a legal system originating in Continental Europe and adopted in much of the world. The civil law system is intellectualized within the framework of Roman law, and with core principles codified into a referable system, which serves as the primary source of law. The civil law system is often contrasted with the common law system, which originated in medieval England, whose intellectual framework historically came from uncodified judge- made case law, and gives precedential authority to prior court decisions. Historically, a civil law is the group of legal ideas and systems ultimately derived from the Corpus Juris Civilis, but heavily overlaid by Napoleonic, Germanic, canonical, feudal, and local practices,Charles Arnold Baker, The Companion to British History, s.v.
|
|
Another species of hadrosaurids, referable to the genus Hypacrosaurus, coexisted with Maiasaura for some time, as Hypacrosaurus remains have been found lower in the Two Medicine Formation than was earlier known. The discovery of an additional hadrosaurid, Gryposaurus latidens, in the same range as Maiasaura has shown that the border between hypothesized distinct faunas in the upper and middle is less distinct than once thought. There seems to be a major diversification in ornithischian taxa after the appearance of Maiasaura within the Two Medicine Formation. The thorough examination of strata found along the Two Medicine River (which exposes the entire upper half of the Two Medicine Formation) indicates that the apparent diversification was a real event rather than a result of preservational biases.
|
|
In 1903, the skeleton was mounted as preserved in the British Museum, so it could be more easily compared with other mounted sauropods from North America. The mount of Cetiosauriscus was put on display just prior to the cast skeleton of Diplodocus, and was displayed with the dorsal vertebrae NHMUK R1984 and some isolated teeth from a camarasaurid (possibly referable to Cetiosauriscus), making it the first sauropod skeleton mounted in the United Kingdom. NHMUK R3078 was referred in 1905 by Arthur Woodward to the species Cetiosaurus leedsi, as it was from the same geologic formation as other specimens that were assigned to C. leedsii. Woodward also referred the dorsal vertebrae NHMUK R1984 and the tail tip NHMUK R1967 to the species.
|
|
In 2004 and 2007, Kielan-Jaworowska and colleagues aligned the dentary with the multituberculate suborder "Plagiaulacida" because the p4 is rectangular in labial view, not curved as in the suborder Cimolodonta. This feature was also used to distinguish MACN Pv-RN 975 from the single p4 assigned to Argentodites, which was tentatively placed in Cimolodonta. Gurovich, Guillermo Rougier, and colleagues, on the other hand, maintain that the dentary is referable to Ferugliotherium and that the p4s of Argentodites and MACN Pv-RN 975 are very similar. The alveolus of MACN Pv-RN 975 fits the lower incisors attributed to Ferugliotherium in size and the blade-like premolar is of the size expected for an animal with molariforms the size of Ferugliotherium teeth.
|
|
Chhaang The plant name Aconite may refer to two plant genera in the family Ranunculaceae, namely Aconitum and Eranthis, although Eranthis is known more usually as Winter Aconite. The plants used in the brewing of Chhaang in Baltistan and Ladakh are, however, almost certainly referable to Aconitum species, which have a long history of use in the folk medicinal systems of Asia. Aconitum species are amongst the most virulently poisonous plants known, containing a variety of extremely toxic alkaloids, including aconitine and pseudaconitine. The use of Aconitum as an additive in beer-brewing is therefore a practice fraught with the danger of fatal poisoning and should on no account be undertaken by any individual attempting to replicate a traditional Chhaang recipe.
|
|
Caterpillar Forewing dull lilac grey, flushed with fawn colour, especially in median area; a black, semibifid streak from base below cell; lines brownish, double, indistinct; the median shade dark grey or fawn colour, diffuse and prominent; orbicular stigma pale, black-edged; reniform large with grey centre, blackish in lower lobe, with pale annulus and black outline; claviform small, with dark outline; submarginal line dull, with darker shades in places on each side; hindwing greyish fuscous, paler towards base; — in basistriga Stgr. the ground colour is bluish grey except the median area, and the black basal streak is stronger; this form is recorded from western Turkestan, eastern Siberia, Japan, and China, also from Norway; a small series from Pescocostanzo, Italy, seems referable here; — ab. grisescens Stgr. from Tibet and Turkestan is altogether paler and greyer; — ab.
|
|
Giovanni da Udine, ceiling of Callisto's Chamber (part) This chamber dedicated to the nymph Callisto and to the history of her metamorphosis refers to the famous Ovidian text. The story unfolds on the ceiling in five squares with a gold background, starting from the first - on the wall opposite the windows -, where the sleeping nymph is loved by Jupiter, up to the epilogue - in the middle of the ceiling-, in which Callisto and his son Arcas are turned into constellations. The ancient stucco technique was rediscovered in Rome by Giovanni da Udine. In this room, the artist who worked with Raphael offers an essay of his great ability recreating animals, still lifes and twelve putti, symbolizing the months of the year, accompanied by four referable zodiacal signs to the seasons.
|
|
It was collected at Dry Creek Tank SE (also known as UCMP V82040, UCMP 7043 and PFV 55), Apache County of Arizona, from the Norian-aged Upper Petrified Forest Member / Formation according to most authors, or possibly Sonsela Member of the Chinle Formation according to Parker & Irmis (2005). Ballew (1989) also referred to this species USNM 15839, another incomplete skull lacking the anterior half of the rostrum from Arizona. Long and Murry (1995) restricted this species to its holotype, although recent studies suggest that USNM 15839 is referable to it. Long and Murry (1995) also considered M. mccauleyi to be a species of their Arribasuchus, probably synonymous with A. buceros, although most subsequent studies, like Hungerbühler (2002), Parker and Irmis (2006), Stocker (2010) and Stocker and Butler (2013) treated M. mccauleyi as a valid species.
|
|
Liberty Hyde Bailey of Cornell University in New York, United States created the word cultivar in 1923 when he wrote that: > The cultigen is a species, or its equivalent, that has appeared under > domestication – the plant is cultigenous. I now propose another name, > cultivar, for a botanical variety, or for a race subordinate to species, > that has originated under cultivation; it is not necessarily, however, > referable to a recognized botanical species. It is essentially the > equivalent of the botanical variety except in respect to its origin. In that essay, Bailey used only the rank of species for the cultigen, but it was obvious to him that many domesticated plants were more like botanical varieties than species, and that realization appears to have motivated the suggestion of the new category of cultivar.
|
|
He also concluded that it was a nomen dubium.Bennett, S.C., 1994, "Taxonomy and systematics of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea)", Occasional Papers of the Natural History Museum Kansas 169: 1-70 This in 2001 was rejected however, by David Unwin who thought Ornithostoma to be a valid genus belonging to the Pteranodontidae, but limited the referable material to the original three fragments, including perhaps CAMSM B.54406. Hooley's postcranial fragments he referred to Lonchodectes.Unwin D.M., 2001, "An overview of the pterosaur assemblage from the Cambridge Greensand (Cretaceous) of Eastern England", Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 4: 189–221 In 2012, Alexander O. Averianov again recombined the holotype with CAMSM B.54406 and selected postcrania, the combination showing traits that indicated a position in the Azhdarchoidea, representing an animal similar in some ways to Tapejara.
|
|
Although it was difficult to set a concrete age for the Megaspore-bearing strata.Koppelhus, E.B. & Batten, D.J. 1992: Megaspore assemblages from the Jurassic and lowermost Cretaceous of Bornholm, Denmark. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse Serie A 32, 81 pp With both, the palynological–sedimentological study of all available exposures and cores from the Lower–Middle Jurassic lead to the revelation that the Hasle Formation (Lower-Middle Pliensbachian) are covered by a succession referable to both the Levka and Sorthat Beds, that are composed mostly by bioturbated Sands, Heteroliths and Clays along with abundant Coal seams containing relatively diverse brackish-marine dinoflagellate assemblages that are indicative of the upper Pliensbachian, Toarcian and possibly lower Aalenian strata. While the upper strata is covered by the fluvial gravels and sands, along with lacustrine clays, carbonaceous clays and coals belonging to the Bagå Formation.
|
|
The Moulin Quignon mandible (above) compared to a neanderthal mandible (below) Moulin Quignon, a quarry near Abbeville, France, celebrated for the discovery in 1863 by Boucher de Perthes of a human jawbone believed to be referable to the Quaternary period. By his collection of flints Boucher de Perthes had been the first to attempt to establish the existence of man in remote ages; but it had been objected that if the flints were indeed the work of man, human remains would have been found in association with them. Considerable excitement therefore was created both in England and France by the "find" of bones at Moulin Quignon, and a commission of inquiry was appointed. The report was favourable to the genuineness of the relics, but latterly doubts have arisen as to whether they can be regarded as earlier than the Neolithic age.
|
|
Olive oil was used since ancient times in Albanian cooking. The Albanian cuisine, a representative of the Mediterranean cuisine, has developed through the centuries of social and economic changes and more importantly referable to different factors that stands in close interaction with each other such as the small and mountainous territory of the country with virgin forests, narrow valleys, vast plains and a favourable climate that offers excellent growth conditions for a variety of vegetables, herbs and fruits. Food is for Albanians an important component of their culture and is deeply rooted in the history, traditions and values of the country. The cooking traditions of the Albanian people are diverse and nevertheless olive oil is the most commonly used vegetable fat in Albanian cooking, which has been produced since antiquity throughout the country particularly along the coasts.
|
|
Saurosphargis is known solely from the unnumbered holotype that was housed at the Breslaw Museum, a partial postcranial skeleton that included a section of 12 incomplete back vertebrae with ribs. The specimen collected at Gogolin, Gorny Slask of Upper Silesia, Poland, from the Chorzower Schichten horizon of the Lower Muschelkalk, dating to the early Anisian stage of the early Middle Triassic, about 246 million years ago. Rieppel (1995) described an isolated vertebra MGU Wr. 3873s housed at Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, that is possibly referable to Saurosphargis, collected from the same general location. The holotype was destroyed during World War II, and as a result many authors considered Saurosphargis to be a nomen dubium prior to the discovery of additional saurosphargid species, that enabled better comparisons with the detailed descriptions and figures of Saurosphargis in Huene (1936).
|
|
The earliest known ichthyornitheans appear in the fossil record about 95 million years ago, during the Cenomanian age of the Late Cretaceous. Based on fragmentary fossil remains, the two known species present in the Ashville Formation have not been given names, but overall were very similar to Ichthyornis dispar. I. dispar itself had a very long temporal range, and specimens referred to it or very similar species existed relatively unchanged (other than some fluctuations in average adult size) for nearly 10 million years, when species referable to I. dispar disappeared and were replaced by other, though still somewhat similar, species of ichthyornitheans. The fact that ichthyornitheans appear to have existed virtually unchanged in their general size and anatomy for nearly the entire duration of the late Cretaceous period suggests that their evolutionary pace was in relative stasis compared to other, contemporary species of closely related avialans, like the hesperornitheans.
|
|
The ruins late imperial of the ancient Castelseprio Further down the valley, archaeological finds belonging to Canegrate culture have been discovered. During the excavations, 165 tombs dating from the 13th century BC were identified that are referable to the recent Bronze Age The culture of Canegrate, which has an importance that goes beyond local boundaries, developed up to the Iron Age. The chronologically later furnishings, two bronze spearheads linked to the archaic Golasecca culture and always found in Legnano, date back to between the 9th and 8th centuries BC (early Iron Age). Along the Olona were also discovered other finds that belong to the Golasecca culture; these furnishings, which are more recent than those previously mentioned, date back to the 6th-5th century BC. The archaeological findings found along the Olona then become more and more frequent as they approach the ancient Roman conquest of the Po valley.
|
|
The kelvin (the word is spelled with a lower-case k) is the unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI). The temperature of a body in its own state of thermodynamic equilibrium is always positive, relative to the absolute zero. Besides the internationally agreed Kelvin scale, there is also a thermodynamic temperature scale, invented by Kelvin, also with its numerical zero at the absolute zero of temperature, but directly relating to purely macroscopic thermodynamic concepts, including the macroscopic entropy, though microscopically referable to the Gibbs statistical mechanical definition of entropy for the canonical ensemble, that takes interparticle potential energy into account, as well as independent particle motion, so that it can account for measurements of temperatures near absolute zero. This scale has a reference temperature at the triple point of water, the numerical value of which is defined by measurements using the aforementioned internationally agreed Kelvin scale.
|
|
The appellant sought damages under s82 of the Trade Practices Act, referable to the commissions they would have been owed had the contract not been terminated. The primary judge found that damages should be assessed by reference to the presumed continuation of the agency agreement as automatically renewed every two years up to the date of trial The judge also held that as the respondent had engaged in misleading/deceptive conduct, the respondent could not be heard to complain it had a lawful alternative means of termination it elected not to take. On appeal the Full Federal Court considered that the primary judge's approach gave insufficient weight to the possibility of lawful termination. It concluded that despite the respondent's conduct; the agreement would have been lawfully terminated on 30 June 2008, dis-entitling the appellant to damages for lack of a causal link between the breach and the harm suffered.
|
|
Both the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Associations (IFPMA) and the US PhRMA have stated that the Australian anti- evergreening provisions are inconsistent with obligations under the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights TRIPS article 27 which prohibits discrimination in an area of technology (in this case pharmaceuticals). The argument is that the Australian anti-"linkage evergreening" legislation affects only pharmaceutical patents and is therefore discriminatory under TRIPS. On the other hand, international trade law recognises that where a unique problem arises specifically referable only to a particular field of technology, a solution applying sui generis only to that field of technology cannot be said to be discriminatory according to the ordinary meaning and purpose of the TRIPS agreement or the AUSFTA as required by article AUSFTA 21.9.2 (incorporating articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT).
|
|
Skeletal reconstruction of Heptasuchus holotype showing bones in white where specimens are figured or in collections, and those in grey that have been reported but not figured or available at the time of illustration Heptasuchus was a medium- sized archosaur, with a skull about 65 cm (25.6 inches) long and an estimated total length of about 4.9-5.2 meters (16–17 feet) based on comparisons to Batrachotomus and 18–23 feet based on Dawley et al.'s restoration. It is unknown whether this taxon was an obligate quadruped or faculative biped and the only limb elements represented are a fragmentary humerus, an ulna, a tibia, calcanea, possible metapodials, and some phalanges that may be referable. No complete skull is known, but preserved elements indicate a taxon very similar to Batrachotomus from Germany with an arched nasal, large naris, and a postorbital bar that enters the orbit.
|
|
Fraenkel (1992) believes that the "sexual revolution", which the West supposedly experienced in the late 1960s, is a misconception/misnomer, and that sex is never actually enjoyed freely as such, being rather observed in all fields of culture: a stance adopted toward human behavior referable to the concept of "repressive desublimation". According to this concept or interpretation (first evolved by Marxist philosopher Herbert Marcuse), the 'sexual revolution' would be an instance of a conservative force masquerading under the guise of liberation - a force sapping energies (here sexual) which would otherwise be available for a true social critique of a given behavior - and thus an impediment to any real political change which might emancipate the individual from "totalitarian democracy". (See also Bread and circuses, False consciousness and Frankfurt School). Put baldly, the pursuit of "sexual freedom" may be construed as a distraction from the pursuit of actual freedom.
|
|
The type and only valid species known today is Montanoceratops cerorhynchos. The original type material discovered by Barnum Brown, designated specimen AMNH 5464, included an incomplete skull and mandible (with most of the skull absent), a complete series of eleven cervical, twelve dorsal and eight sacral vertebrae, thirteen complete caudal vertebrae and the centra of two others, several ribs, a complete pelvic girdle except for the right pubis and the distal part of the right ischium, both femora (346mm), the left tibia (355mm), left fibula and left astragalus, the second phalanx of digit three, and the ungual phalanges of the first, third and fourth digits of the left pes (foot). This specimen is housed in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, USA. In 1986, David B. Weishampel discovered more material referable to Montanoceratops in the Little Rocky Coulee locality of the St. Mary River Formation, in Glacier County, Montana.
|
|
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) insensitivity, or ovarian insensitivity to FSH in females, also referable to as ovarian follicle hypoplasia or granulosa cell hypoplasia in females, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic and endocrine syndrome affecting both females and males, with the former presenting with much greater severity of symptomatology. It is characterized by a resistance or complete insensitivity to the effects of follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH), a gonadotropin which is normally responsible for the stimulation of estrogen production by the ovaries in females and maintenance of fertility in both sexes. The condition manifests itself as hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (decreased or lack of production of sex steroids by the gonads despite high circulating levels of gonadotropins), reduced or absent puberty (lack of development of secondary sexual characteristics, resulting in sexual infantilism if left untreated), amenorrhea (lack of menstruation), and infertility in females, whereas males present merely with varying degrees of infertility and associated symptoms (e.g., decreased sperm production).
|
|
On Ingleborough the limestone is not very fossiliferous, but the Main Limestone contains small corals of a zaphrentoid type and an upper Visean fauna. Posidonomya Becheri occurs fairly low down in the series in the Shale above the Hardraw Scar and Gayle limestones, but it is not accompanied by any of the goniatites or other cephalopods and lamellibranchs which characterize the Posidonomya Becheri beds of the Pendleside Series, the faunas of the Yoredale and Pendleside phases being very distinct. The Red Bed Limestone of Leyburn, the uppermost limestone of the series, is very rich in fish remains, which are identical in many cases with those found in the topmost beds of the massive Carboniferous Limestone at Bolt Edge quarry in Derbyshire. The shales between the limestones are rich in fossils and contain abundant single corals referable to Zaphrentis enniskilleni, Cyclophyllum pachyendothecum, and others; these, though high- zonal forms, occur low down in the Yoredale strata, even in the shale above the Hardraw Scar limestone.
|
|
Reconstructed E. platyurus skeleton, Milwaukee Public Museum Following the description of the type species, E. platyurus, a number of other Elasmosaurus species were described by Cope, Williston, and other authors. However, none of these species are still definitely referable to the genus Elasmosaurus today, and most of them either have been moved to genera of their own or are considered dubious names, nomina dubiathat is, with no distinguishing features, and therefore of questionable validity. Cope's outdated 1869 restoration of fossil reptiles from New Jersey, including a short-necked E.orientalis confronting a Dryptosaurus Accompanying his 1869 description of E. platyurus, Cope named another species of Elasmosaurus, E.orientalis, based on two dorsal vertebrae from New Jersey. He distinguished E.orientalis from E.platyurus by the more strongly developed processes known as parapophyses on the vertebrae, in which he considered it to approach closer to Cimoliasaurus; however, he still assigned it to Elasmosaurus on account of its large size and angled sides.
|
|
He is a religio-political figure, a sacerdotal king who represents the link connecting the three realms of Heaven (An), Earth (Ki) and humanity. He is the reflection of Heaven on Earth, specifically embodying Heaven's third aspect, Enki, representing human craft and productivity in alliance with the creation of the gods; representing humanity co-creating with the gods a celestially-centred kingdom where all the spirits are at peace and from where all evil demons are cast away. The lugal is like the "personal god" (also referable to as tutelary spirit, genius, numen or demon) of an individual and the father of a family. Like the personal god generating and organising the individual (joining the ishtaru, which is the individual's female aspect, or matter, or "personal goddess"), and the father generating and organising a family in conjunction with the mother, his wife, so the lugal is the father of the city and its population.
|
|
In Aphaenogaster there is always a conspicuous pair of setae, one on each side of the midpoint of the anterior clypeal margin. Second, Aphaenogaster species do not have the characteristic structure of the anteroventral peduncle of the petiole. In addition to these, Malagidris always has the following: a transverse crest present on the stipes of the maxilla; a 3-segmented antennal club; a subpetiolar process present; a strongly developed sting; the anterior clypeal margin convex at the midpoint. In Aphaenogaster, by contrast, the stipes usually lacks a crest (a crest is incompletely and weaky developed in a few species, strong only in A. relicta, from Haiti, which may not be properly referable to Aphaenogaster), usually has a 4-segmented antennal club (5-segmented to gradually incrassate in some species but never 3-segmented), lacks a subpetiolar process, has a very weakly developed or vestigial sting, and usually (but not always) has the midpoint of the anterior clypeal margin concave or indented.
|
|
Quadrate, tooth and articular bone Sisteronia was named by Valentin Fischer, Nathalie Bardet, Myette Guiomar and Pascal Godefroit in 2014 and the type species is Sisteronia seeleyi. The generic name honors Sisteron, a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, southeastern France, where relatively complete specimens referable to Sisteronia were collected, including a partial articulated skeleton and at least three additional articulated specimens held in a private collection. The specific name, seeleyi, honors the renowned British paleontologist Harry Govier Seeley who cataloged thousands fragmentary ichthyosaur specimens from the Cambridge Greensand Member of the Lower Chalk Formation. Now housed in the collections of Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences (CAMSM), the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (IRSNB), Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery (GLAHM), Leicester Museum & Art Gallery (LEICT) and Natural History Museum (NHMUK), most of these specimens have never been reassessed thoroughly since Seeley's publication in 1869, and include the holotype of Sisteronia.
|
|
610 by Archbishop Laurence of Canterbury and countersigned by Mellitus, the Bishop of London and Justus, Bishop of Rochester, was sent to the Irish bishops urging them to adopt the Roman method of calculating Easter. According to John of Tinmouth and Capgrave (who mistakenly refer to Tómméne as Terenannus rather than Thomianus), Tómméne heard St. Laurence speaking on the matter and- “He thus laid hold of the truth, and afterwards took a great deal of pains, referable to those matters, in reforming his own people”. The southern part of Ireland accepted the Vatican computation at the Synod of Magh Lene in 630 A.D. However the Northern clergy were followers of the method proposed by Iona and its affiliate churches, known as the Irish Computation. In order to settle the matter Tómméne, with some other Ulster bishops and clergy, sent a letter in the first half of 640 to Pope Severinus setting out both sides of the argument and requesting his advice.
|
|
The assessment designated the primary feature for the selection of Cors Caron as _active raised bog_ described as: > The Cors Caron sequence of peat domes (also known as Tregaron Bog) developed > on the floodplain of the Afon (River) Teifi in mid-Wales now represents the > most intact surviving example in the UK of a raised bog landscape > (macrotope). The three main extant domes are hydrologically isolated by the > River Teifi and associated surface drainage features, and all three have > suffered extensive damage as a consequence of past drainage and peat- > cutting. The river terraces associated with the component bog mesotopes are > regularly flooded and support vegetation that includes reed canary-grass > Phalaris arundinacea, soft rush Juncus effusus, purple moor-grass Molinia > caerulea and, more rarely, water sedge Carex aquatilis. Substantial areas of > the surface of each of the three component bogs still retain good quality > active raised bog vegetation mainly referable to NVC type M18 Sphagnum > papillosum – Erica tetralix community, with frequent bog-rosemary Andromeda > polifolia and white beak-sedge Rhynchospora alba and, more locally, the bog- > mosses Sphagnum magellanicum and S. pulchrum.
|
|
Thus, he concluded that the specimen did not bear close resemblances to any known synapsid, including the ones collected at the same locality, and suggested possible close affinities with archosaurs due to the vertebral morphology and the presence of hollow limb bones and an ectepicondylar groove on the humerus. Hughes (1963) subsequently noted similar vertebral morphology in some "pelycosaurian" synapsids and concluded that, as the combination of a derived vertebral column and a primitive limb structure occurs in proterosuchian archosauromorphs, UMZC T836 might possibly be a proterosuchian ancestor. Subsequent studies came to a similar conclusion, listing the specimen as a possible member of Proterosuchidae, however Gower and Sennikov (2000) noted that it still could possibly be archosaurian. Ezcurra, Butler and Gower (2013) indicated that UMZC T836 is an archosauromorph likely not referable to Archosauriformes, and thus not proterosuchian. Aenigmastropheus was first erected for UMZC T836 by Martín D. Ezcurra, Torsten M. Scheyer and Richard J. Butler in 2014 and the type species is Aenigmastropheus parringtoni, following a re-description of this "problematic reptile".
|
|
141–2 per Knox CJ, Isaacs, Rich & Starke JJ. > The more the decisions are examined, and compared with each other and with > the Constitution itself, the more evident it becomes that no clear principle > can account for them. They are sometimes at variance with the natural > meaning of the text of the Constitution; some are irreconcilable with > others, and some are individually rested on reasons not founded on the words > of the Constitution or on any recognized principle of the common law > underlying the expressed terms of the Constitution, but on implication drawn > from what is called the principle of 'necessity', that being itself > referable to no more definite standard than the personal opinion of the > Judge who declares it. The judgment then returned to first principles on how the Constitution is to be interpreted. The use of American precedent was rejected in favour of applying the settled rules of construction that gave primacy to the text of the Constitution and anchored its interpretation to its express words.
|
|
Recent stratiographic information from the Lago Colhue Huapi Formation has the area that the holotype was collected from being a more probable early late Maastrichtian age instead of early Coniacian.Lucio M. Ibiricu, Gabrieal A. Casal, Ruben D. Martinez, Bruno A. Alvarez, Stephen F. Poropat, (2019). New Materials and an overview of Cretaceous vertebrates from the Chubut Group of the Golfo San Jorge Basin, Central Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. Vol. 98 When discovered, the forelimb was apparently a part of a complete skeleton, however, during excavation the rest of the remains were completely destroyed. In the same publication, Lydekker assigned a partial left femur from Chubut Province, MLP 21, to Argyrosaurus but he did not explain his reasoning why he thought the femur was referable to the genus. He also assigned two caudal vertebra centra, MLP 22, from the Santa Cruz Province.alt=After these specimens, other remains were found, including other limb bones, a clavicle, a pubic bone and some tail vertebrae that were referred to the same genus.Upchurch, Barrett, Dodson; Sauropoda, in The Dinosauria, 2 vol, Weishampel, Dodson, Osmólska, University of California Press, (2004), pag. 259–322, .
|
|