That includes building reusable rockets that can "dramatically" reduce cost.
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All Lidar makers are seeking to reduce cost and size.
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We are working hard to increase revenue and reduce cost.
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We do not want to reduce cost only to have quality suffer.
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He believes this could make the doctor/patient relationship a priority and reduce cost.
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With addictive substances, if you increase availability and reduce cost, more people use them.
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It challenges NASA to find efficiencies and expand opportunities for collaboration to reduce cost.
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If I reduce cost, I have more money that I can use for innovation.
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This is intentionally manipulative behavior on behalf of the insurance company to reduce cost.
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The power of technology to increase convenience, reduce cost, and improve patient outcomes is undeniable.
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Behind the rising interest in airships is the aerospace's continuing drive for efficiency to reduce cost.
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Both saw an opening to reduce cost and complication in Egypt's B23B food and grocery markets.
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He has sought to reduce cost of living adjustments and retirement benefits and weakened civil service protections.
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Charles said Kushner Companies was forced to find other ways to reduce cost to keep the project profitable.
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COSTCO CFO ON TARIFFS- CO WORKED WITH SUPPLIERS TO BOTH REDUCE COST AND FIGURE OUT HOW TO DO THAT
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" * Hersvik: "We still see that there is a possibility to reduce cost by 20 percent in some of our projects.
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All of these developments in health technology will ultimately benefit patients and have the potential to reduce cost of care.
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Insurers have done little to reduce cost — look at the skyrocketing prices of drugs — and instead have probably increased it.
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And it's also letting customers run code directly inside the exchange in an additional effort to reduce cost for financial firms.
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Personalized or precision medicine is absolutely the future — not just because it's better care, but long-term, it will also reduce cost.
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But to reduce cost would be to reduce quality, and to hold onto a market of pious foodies, Blue Apron couldn't risk that.
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Automakers are constantly seeking to reduce cost and complexity—and increase profit—by joining forces with the folks whose strengths match their weaknesses.
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Large employers have been working on a variety of approaches tailored to their employees and locales to reduce cost growth and improve outcomes.
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That requires smart policies, not feel-good approaches that follow the latest trends despite evidence that they may not reduce cost or improve outcomes.
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Optimists about the venture say, if the company succeeds, it will most likely do so by finding strategies that improve care and reduce cost.
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In addition to targeting parents, Syounika aims its services at nurseries and schools to reduce cost and inconvenience of sending children to the doctor needlessly.
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As hospitals build on our progress to promote affordability and reduce cost, we encourage large drug and insurance companies enjoying record profits to join us.
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"This is part of our efforts to consolidate operations, bring more efficiency and reduce cost without impacting our liability or our quality of delivery," Benyan said.
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Even without the CSR payments, insurers would still be required to reduce cost sharing, but they would now have to do it without the government's help.
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"If you're making a lavatory higher tech, it's got to improve customers experience or reduce cost," said Phil Toy, a managing director at aerospace consulting firm AlixPartners.
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"Aviation schools are trying to find ways to reduce cost, offer scholarships and promote the real advantages of the industry to bring in the students," he said.
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Joyable, Lantern and SilverCloud use one-to-many delivery models with online tools and content to expand the capacity of existing mental health practitioners and reduce cost.
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"We hope to continue fostering competition in order to promote innovation and reduce cost to the taxpayer while maintaining our laser focus on mission success," Lt. Gen.
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Every concept car comes with a caveat: As the design moves to production, certain features will be dropped to reduce cost, simplify manufacturing, or kowtow to regulations.
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Eventually, Starship is designed to be stainless steel across its exterior surface, which Musk has said will reduce cost while also providing terrific durability and re-usability.
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We've gone to pretty much every supplier on every item to see what we can do to both reduce cost and figure out how to do that.
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Sapra's team thinks it will take about five to 10 years to build that prototype, which could reduce cost and increase precision for multiple fields, especially healthcare.
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Companies must keep up profitability, and will need to reduce cost while also driving greater volumes of consumers to become patients, and patients to become active patients.
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The way that we understand the world as scientists is directly relevant to how we make decisions, and how we mitigate risk, and how we reduce cost.
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As part of this new future, we will also be rolling out proposals to increase choice and reduce cost in childcare, offering much-needed relief to American families.
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Whenever tax credit levels exceed premiums, we assumed that the excess could be deposited in health savings accounts to reduce cost-sharing levels, as specified in the Republican bill.
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Innoviz is pursuing solid-sate LiDAR tech, which will help reduce cost and size of components by minimizing the number of moving parts required in a LiDAR sensor's construction.
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Although Bank of America is also hiring, the employees that it is trying to reduce cost more than those who are joining, Moynihan said at a conference last month.
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If the courts ultimately rule in favor of the House, insurers will still be responsible by law to reduce cost-sharing, but will not be reimbursed for doing so.
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"Subscription packages would likely encourage loyalty to ride-hail companies and also reduce cost/mile or monthly mobility payments to levels more attractive to current car owners," Barclays said.
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"We will implement further short-term actions mainly to reduce cost of sales, in order to adapt our operations to weaker mobile broadband demand," he added in a separate statement.
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"We are looking at opportunities for scale to reduce cost and make ourselves more competitive," said Nicholas Vamvakas, acting chief executive of Equipsuper which manages A$8 billion of assets.
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"We will implement further short-term actions mainly to reduce cost of sales, in order to adapt our operations to weaker mobile broadband demand," Frykhammar added in a separate statement.
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Whenever tax credit levels exceed premiums, we assumed that the excess could be deposited in health savings accounts to reduce cost-sharing levels (an option specified in the leaked bill).
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The new rules nix the post-treatment exam, make the drug available to women later in pregnancy, and reduce cost by decreasing the dosage of the first pill by two-thirds.
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Similarly, competitive RFP bidding used to reduce cost estimates encourages contractors to similarly overpromise, leading to plan revisions, construction issues and delays that seem to be inevitable for every major project.
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But Pogson suggested the "real upside" for European banks is being driven by cost, and whether banking giants can reduce cost for the technological innovation they need in order to remain competitive.
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If the House prevailed, and the CSR payments were not paid, insurers would still be required to reduce cost sharing, but they would now have to do it without the government's help.
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Right, so more people are able to buy cars that are of high quality with the same dollar than they would otherwise if we weren't using automation to maintain quality and reduce cost.
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For example, Svante, a capture technology provider, and Climeworks, a DAC company, have joined forces aiming to reduce cost and increase capture by capitalizing on synergies between point-source and direct air capture.
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Satoshi Tsunakawa, Toshiba's president, said at a news conference last month that Toshiba had approved the acquisition in the hope that, by taking direct control of Stone & Webster, Westinghouse could reduce cost overruns.
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Quiaoit and Macias, who walked in the Tank seeking $225,25 in exchange for 210 percent of the company, said they needed the cash to buy the higher volume of inventory necessary to reduce cost.
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The market was also bolstered by Beijing's commitment to further reduce cost burdens on companies, and growing expectations that index publisher MSCI will decide to include Chinese A shares into its benchmark on June 20.
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SKF said earlier this month it was taking major steps to reduce cost as it flagged the outbreak of the new coronavirus may lead to a "material" hit to earnings from the end of March.
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Congress has until September 85033 to reauthorize NFIP, and lawmakers are attempting to agree on a package that keeps the program funded while making major changes meant to reduce cost and modernize flood mapping procedures.
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With what conscience can a decent person like Pravin ( a man schooled in Infosys values for over 30 years) tell his juniors that they should work hard and make sacrifice to reduce cost and protect margin?
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The investment in UK is part of Boeing's strategy to start in-house manufacturing of key actuation components and systems in the United States and UK to reduce cost in its supply chain, the company said.
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Right now, the Affordable Care Act has provisions that help reduce cost-sharing below the out-of-pocket maximum for those making less than 250 percent of the poverty line who purchase a silver-level plan.
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"We believe the most effective way to reduce cost of aircraft carriers is to take a multi-ship purchase approach and build them every three to four years," said Mike Peters, the chief executive of Huntington Ingalls.
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A SERMO poll conducted in October 85033 found that there are still significant knowledge gaps among physicians about biosimilars, including what biosimilars are and how they can be used to increase access to patients and reduce cost.
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"Distributed Ledger Technology could provide a once-in-a-generation opportunity to reduce cost, time and complexity in the post-trade environment of Australia's equity market," the chief executive of ASX, Elmer Funke Kupper, said in a statement.
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"Distributed Ledger Technology could provide a once in a generation opportunity to reduce cost, time and complexity in the post-trade environment of Australia's equity market," ASX Managing Director and CEO Elmer Funke Kupper said in the statement.
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Such policies reduce cost, disruption, and delay, by allowing the work needed to prepare a utility pole for new fiber to be attached in as little as a single visit — which means more safety for drivers and the neighborhood.
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This year, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services began a five-year test of value-based design that permits Medicare Advantage plans in seven states to reduce cost-sharing and enhance benefits for enrollees with designated chronic conditions.
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And we already put on the screen, you can get your FICO score, and we're going to teach you ways in which you can improve your FICO, so that you can reduce cost of borrowing and stuff like that.
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The Florida insurance commissioner reached agreements with the four plans to move the HIV drugs to generic tiers and reduce cost sharing, and the same arrangement will continue in 2017, said Carl Schmid, deputy executive director of the AIDS Institute.
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CMS is also proposing to change a rule within Medicare Advantage — known as the "uniformity rule" — to allow plans the ability to reduce cost sharing, offer specialized supplemental benefits and more affordable deductibles for beneficiaries that meet specific medical criteria.
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The four women, none of whom are over 21-years-old, have developed a new, low-cost, reusable core needle biopsy technology for physicians and nurses that could dramatically reduce cost and waste, thereby increasing the availability of screening technologies in emerging markets.
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"We have learned many valuable lessons from designing and manufacturing Model S and Model X. Consequently, Model 2026 is designed with greater simplicity and fewer components to reduce cost, improve ease of manufacturability and further enhance reliability," the company said in its statement.
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PD: No it's going to be easy and this is why in our company we still very much focused on what we have to do to reduce cost, to increase margin because we know that there will be still strong volatility of the market.
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He believes it'll be made possible by high production volume manufacturing, which will reduce cost over time, since while the technology included in today's VTOLs is actually similar to that included in a car, the volume cost benefits are not there, leading to VTOLs being 20 times more expensive to make.
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"The increasingly global engineering and construction industry requires digital modernization in a way that automates manual processes and embraces the power of cloud computing to easily connect the construction job site, reduce cost overruns, and improve productivity," said Mike Sicilia, SVP and GM, Engineering and Construction Global Business Unit, Oracle, in a statement.
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"In line with its stated focus of creating a healthier and a more resilient business, Jet Airways has been implementing several measures to help it reduce cost as well as realise higher revenues, for desired business efficiencies," the company said in response to Economic Times without specifically mentioning the 60-day deadline given to employees.
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"Since the beginning of the campaign, Secretary Clinton has committed to expanding Social Security and she's made clear that she would not raise the retirement age or reduce cost of living adjustments," Clinton spokesperson Julie Wood told CNN In her 2000 campaign, Clinton has promised to look at raising Social Security taxes on wealthier Americans without specifying exactly how she would do it.
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It does have some health reforms that will reduce cost and save money, but by and large it's 1.3 trillion dollars of net spending cuts and a trillion dollars of less revenue, a good part of that being tax cuts by cutting the Affordable Care Act taxes and some of that being getting rid of the mandates and other things like that.
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MERLO: YOU KNOW, THE NEXT STEP IS, YOU KNOW, EXECUTING AND BEGINNING THE INTEGRATION PROCESS, AND, YOU KNOW, SAYS BRINGING THE THINGS THAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT TO LIFE SO THAT WE CAN CREATE THIS NEW HEALTH CARE PLATFORM AND MAKE IT EASIER FOR CUSTOMERS TO USE AND NAVIGATE, AT THE SAME TIME REDUCE COST SAND HELP THEM ACHIEVE THE BEST HEALTH POSSIBLE.
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During 2017, is progressing according to plan * Says in addition, we will reduce research and development investments in ip and capture efficiency gains from new company structure * Says current sales trends and business mix are expected to prevail for second half of year * Says given current industry trends, we will intensify our activities to reduce cost of sales and adapt our operations to a weaker mobile broadband market Source text for Eikon: For consensus, please double click on: Further company coverage:
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To protect doctor patient preference in decision-making, we need to reduce cost and address barriers to breast cancer treatments, such as requiring that insurance companies and government programs eliminate the difference in cost structure between oral chemotherapy drugs and those that are given through IV. Other reforms should include precluding specialty drug tiers, preventing protocols that require step therapy (trying cheaper alternative drugs first to show they won't work before moving on to the next drug, which ultimately wastes time that can be critical for a cancer patient), and preventing switching of medications for non-medical reasons.
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From our Expert Voices conversation on plans for health care reform after Trump's executive order: Here's what the bipartisan Alexander-Murray bill would do to prevent large marketplace premium hikes on the eve of the 2018 mid-term election: Ensure payments that reduce cost sharing for low-income enrollees for the next two years (cut by Trump's executive order) Provide needed outreach support to help Americans sign up for coverage for the next two years (previously cut by the Trump administration) Facilitate state waivers like Alaska's to provide reinsurance that lowers premiums Yet, should this deal pass, it could be undone — and then some — by regulations pursuant to the order.
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The trigger housing and safety button are made of plastic to reduce cost.
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Lower data rates also reduce cost and improve performance when the data is transmitted.
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The line is operated with 20 Alstom Citadis trams, which were jointly purchased with the Dijon tramway to reduce cost.
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The municipality and the community is thought to benefit from the reduce cost that was associated with operating the public facility.
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This method of operation can reduce cost (for both the network operator and the subscriber), improve indoor coverage and increase data access speeds.
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Catadioptric Cassegrains use two mirrors, often with a spherical primary mirror to reduce cost, combined with refractive corrector element(s) to correct the resulting aberrations.
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Many minor improvements were introduced in this series, mostly to reduce cost and production time. Welding started to be implemented in building the pressure hull as well.
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Electronic and digital signatures can be applied to most document and content types (including training) within a clinical trial portal to reduce cost, timelines, and paper processes.
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Digital India driven digitalisation of railway to improvement efficiency and reduce cost. funding was approved in 2016.Indian Railways orders conversion to Broad Gauge, Rail Digest, 12 Apr 2017.
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Standard automotive wheels and tires were employed to reduce cost as low-cost World War II surplus was becoming too old, and new aviation tires cost nearly five times as much.
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The company also offered its own credit card to reduce cost of gasoline by 5 cents per gallon. The credit card was offered to customers in partnership with the bank First Bankcard.
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Most modern servomotors are designed and supplied around a dedicated controller module from the same manufacturer. Controllers may also be developed around microcontrollers in order to reduce cost for large-volume applications.
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The Fordson tractor Model F, designed during World War I, eliminated the frame to reduce cost of materials and assembly, and was probably influenced by the similar design of the 1913 Wallis Cub.
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In order to minimize the use of nickel alloy components, reduce cost, and accommodate the limited supply capacity, new turbine designs will incorporate welded rotors and castings, with nickel alloys restricted to the highest temperature regions only.
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By consolidating multiple sets of application services onto one system and by placing each into isolated virtual server containers, system administrators can reduce cost and provide most of the same protections of separate machines on a single machine.
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The stretches between Dahisar-Mira Road, Bhayander-Vasai and at Virar will also be at grade. The remaining stretches will be elevated. Initially, 26 stations were proposed. However, WR may cancel 3 or 4 stations to reduce cost and land acquisition.
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The primary goal of this research is to improve performance and gas purity, reduce cost and volume of expensive materials and reach the alternative energy targets set forth by the German government for 2050 in the Energy Concept published in 2010.
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Reformers generally seek to reduce prison populations and make increased use of alternatives with a focus on rehabilitation. The main arguments for this are that these punishments reduce the chance of reoffending, reduce cost burdens on the state and reduce prison overcrowding.
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The second design is a simplified version, intended to reduce cost by eliminating the rocket motor, depending on its natural buoyancy to propel the mine upward. There is yet a third mine derived from the second one with further simplification to reduce cost by further eliminating the control fins, thus lacking the directional capability, and this mine had to be released much earlier from its anchorage like the one with directional capability but without the rocket motor. The area control of both type, of course, is much less than the one with rocket motor, but still larger than the Specialized-1, which could only travel in straight line.
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According to the WHO, "The approach was designed to overcome the problem of large sample sizes and thus reduce cost."The sisterhood method for estimating maternal mortality: Guidance notes for potential users, page 5. WHO. Geneva, Switzerland. 1997.Indirect estimation of maternal mortality: The sisterhood method.
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The stations will not have any AFC gates to reduce cost, but ticket validators might be installed in trains and stations with National Common Mobility Card and other ticketing systems. Ticket checking will be random and heavy penalties will be levied on the passengers without a valid ticket.
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Actively increasing storage efficiency using these techniques has the following advantages: Backup and restore. Using snapshots, time used for both backup and restore RTO can be minimized. This can greatly reduce cost, and reduce hours of downtime to seconds of downtime. Snapshots also allow for better RPO values.
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Oceanpayment () is an independent payment service provider specializing in international and omni-channel payment solutions. Its supported payment methods include credit cards, debit cards, and alternative payment methods. Oceanpayment offers merchant payment solutions with fraud detection tools and risk management system to minimize risk, reduce cost and increase revenue.
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NEC VR5000 die shot. The R5000 is a two-way superscalar design that executes instructions in-order. The R5000 could simultaneously issue an integer and a floating-point instruction. It had one simple pipeline for integer instructions and another for floating-point to save transistors and die area to reduce cost.
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Dealer incentive programs are used to improve performance for dealer, resellers, channel partners and other types of brokers using sales incentive programs. These programs help companies capture market share, launch new products, reduce cost of sales and provide momentum for new launches by incenting an external party to drive additional sales.
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A 12-gauge shotgun shell in a transparent plastic hull, allowing the contents to be seen. Polymer-cased ammunition (or PCA) is ammunition with polymer-based casings instead of the usual metal-based casing. PCA is considered an alternative to reduce cost and weight in ammunition for guns and handguns.
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Currently, 80 percent of Chamalang Coal is utilized by bricks makers and the remaining is consumed by cement industry which in order to reduce cost of production, blend it with imported coal. The quality of Chamalang coal is better than the rest of coal being mined from different coalfields in Balochistan.
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In 2012, Sendmail partnered with MimecastMimecast and Sendmail announce enterprise email collaboration, CloudPro to provide hybrid- cloud email security, archiving and continuity as some predicted that 2013 would see more organizations implementing hybrid cloud computing strategies2013: Year of the hybrid cloud, Network World to reduce cost and complexity of their messaging infrastructure.
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MIPS IV is a 64-bit architecture, but to reduce cost the R10000 does not implement the entire physical or virtual address. Instead, it has a 40-bit physical address and a 44-bit virtual address, thus it is capable of addressing 1 TB of physical memory and 16 TB of virtual memory.
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The UltraSPARC has an integrated memory controller and implements a dedicated 128-bit bus operating at 150 MHz to access up to 4 GB of "local" memory. The integrated memory controller is used to reduce latency and thus improve performance, unlike some other UltraSPARC microprocessors that use the feature to reduce cost.
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The railway engineer John Miller was asked to revisit the route surveys to reduce cost, and he did so, getting the cost of construction down to £800,000, though this figure omitted the acquisition of coaching stock. The Edinburgh terminus was altered to be at North Bridge, having previously been intended at Leith Walk.
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The M1942 design was a result of wartime demands. From direct orders of the Führer, to ‘maintain intimidation but reduce cost’. The rolled edge on the shell was eliminated, creating an unfinished edge along the rim. This edge slightly flared out, along the base of the skirt, reducing the protection the helmet gave.
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There were three major years of great famine, 1556–57, 1567 and 1569–70. This was due to an imbalance between population and agricultural capacity. It was very difficult to reduce cost while balancing high admissions. During the sixteenth century, an increase in population impacted the Innocenti as well as high wheat prices.
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NASCO has received $2.5 million in earmarks from the United States Department of Transportation for the development of a technology and tracking tools. NASCO states that the deployment of a modern information system will reduce cost, improve efficiency, reduce trade-related congestion, and enhance security of cross-border and intra-corridor trade and traffic.
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Data warehouse automation (DWA) refers to the process of accelerating and automating the data warehouse development cycles, while assuring quality and consistency. DWA is believed to provide automation of the entire lifecycle of a data warehouse, from source system analysis to testing to documentation. It helps improve productivity, reduce cost, and improve overall quality.
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Starting with its Accelerated Bridge Program in the late 2000s, the Massachusetts Department of Transportation began employing accelerated construction techniques, in which it signs contracts with incentives for early completion and penalties for late completion, and uses intense construction during longer periods of complete closure to shorten the overall project duration and reduce cost.
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The use of advertising within "virtual worlds" is a relatively new idea. This is because Virtual Worlds is a relatively new technology. Before companies would use an advertising company to promote their products. With the introduction of the prospect of commercial success within a Virtual World, companies can reduce cost and time constraints by keeping this "in-house".
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The market is always moving. It's up to the trader to figure out what strategy fits the markets for that time period. Moderately bullish options traders usually set a target price for the bull run and utilize bull spreads to reduce cost or eliminate risk altogether. There is limited risk trading options by using the appropriate strategy.
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Kurt Metzmeier et al., United at Last: The Judicial Article and the Struggle to Reform Kentucky's Courts (2006), p. 45. Martin's goals at the time were to speed up the appellate process, reduce cost, and create an efficient chain of justice, while maintaining a high level of conscientious decision-making.The Louisville Courier-Journal, February 14, 1977 at B-4.
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Monoclinic vanadium dioxide VO2(M) is potentially of great value for applications such as intelligent temperature sensors and smart windows. The classic solid state transformation from vanadium precursors to rutile VO2(R) is slow and costly. A transformation from goethite VOOH to synthetic "paramontroseite" VO2 to the desired monoclinic VO2(M) promises to greatly reduce cost and time.
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The spacecraft also carries a camera, and a radiation counter. In order to simplify the system and reduce cost, a low power communications system will be used. It will broadcast a continuous wave with a data transfer rate of one bit per second. UNISEC has invited amateur radio operators to assist in collecting data from the spacecraft.
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The primary component of pot metal is zinc, but often the caster adds other metals to the mix to strengthen the cast part, improve flow of the molten metal, or to reduce cost. With a low melting point of 420 °C (786 °F), zinc is often alloyed with other metals including lead, tin, aluminium, and copper.
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Commercial bakeries have a need to reduce cost and increase the shelf life for mass-produced products. For these reasons they use many ingredients that vary from the traditional angel food cake recipe. Dehydrated and frozen egg whites are cheaper and more efficient than fresh egg whites. However, each lot of dehydrated egg whites varies from the next.
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Also, calibration should usually be at a number of wavelengths and power levels, since the device is not always linear. However a number of instruments do not in fact offer these basic features, presumably in an attempt to reduce cost. The most accurate variable attenuator instruments have thousands of calibration points, resulting in excellent overall accuracy in use.
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A six-month hiatus from racing was ended by an announcement in late December that a Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3 would be fielded at the 2015 24H Dubai. The goal of the switch to Mercedes-Benz was to reduce cost and gain a foothold for budgeting. On 9 December, the FIA granted the six-round 24H Series championship status.
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The class was to be specifically designed to reduce cost of both acquisition and life cycle costs by adopting commercial standards and practices in design. The ship was length overall, beam, draft, with a displacement tonnage of 946. The two shafts were driven by geared diesel engines for a cruising speed of , maximum speed of . Gyre had an hydraulic electric bow thruster.
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The most bearish of options trading strategies is the simple put buying or selling strategy utilized by most options traders. The market can make steep downward moves. Moderately bearish options traders usually set a target price for the expected decline and utilize bear spreads to reduce cost. This strategy has limited profit potential, but significantly reduces risk when done correctly.
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As technology shrinks, the cost to mask shops increase and the product turn around time grow longer as well. The trend in this new decade is for manufacturing to migrate eastwards to reduce cost and lead times. Once technology restrictions in the Wassenaar Arrangement are reduced, high end reticles and integrated circuits will be produced in mainland China rather than Taiwan.
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Their motors are almost always reloadable rather than single-use, in order to reduce cost. Recovery and/or multi-stage ignition may be initiated by small on-board computers, which use an altimeter or accelerometer for detecting when to ignite engines or deploy parachutes. High- power model rockets can carry large payloads, including cameras and instrumentation such as GPS units.
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Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a program that enables computers to sense, reason, act and adapt. AI is not new, but it is growing rapidly and tremendously. AI can now deal with large data sets, solve problems, and provide more efficient operation. AI will be more potential in healthcare because it provides easier accessibility of information, improves healthcare, and reduce cost.
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The Woodhopper was a development of the highly successful Weedhopper, substituting wood for aluminum tubing wherever possible and simplifying the design to reduce cost. It is therefore essentially a wooden Weedhopper. Both aircraft pre-dated the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, but comply with them, including the category's maximum empty weight of . The Woodhopper has a standard empty weight of .
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Variations offering high thermal insulation, or thermal conductivity combined with high electrical resistance for electronics applications, are available. As with other classes of thermoset polymer materials, blending different grades of epoxy resin, as well as use of additives, plasticizers or fillers is common to achieve the desired processing or final properties, or to reduce cost. Use of blending, additives and fillers is often referred to as formulating.
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Currently, 38% are operated as regional airliners, 31% in military aviation or special missions, 26% in industrial support and 5% in private air charter. Additionally, 70 are on regular landing gear wheels, 18 are configured as straight or amphibious floatplanes, 10 have tundra tires and 2 have wheel skis. In 2019, Viking started making plastic components for the Twin Otter by 3D printer to help reduce cost.
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The domiati cheese now contains less buffalo milk than in the past. The fat from cows' milk is replaced in part by vegetable oils to reduce cost and retain the white color expected by consumers. Various other changes have been introduced such as mandatory heat treatment of the milk, but manufacturers have striven to retain the familiar taste, texture and appearance of the cheeses.
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Designed by Slater, Uren and Pike, Kidbrooke School was LCC's first comprehensive school. The building was limited to three storeys and circulation space between classrooms was restricted to reduce cost. The central assembly hall had a standing capacity of 2000 so the whole school could gather for morning prayers - a requirement of the 1944 Education Act. It had a domed ceiling to optimise the acoustics.
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As a part of the Digital Revolution, the ongoing development of electronics technology decreased the cost of digital circuitry to the point that the technology could be applied to consumer electronics. The application of such digital electronics to cassette decks provides an early example of mechatronic design, which aims to enhance mechanical systems with electronic components in order to improve performance, increase system flexibility, or reduce cost.
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The decision was made in part due to reduce cost. The switch was made possible by a state law passed in 2009 that allows five school districts in the state to use four-day schedules, of which two serve populations of fewer than 150 enrolled students and three serve populations of 150 to 500 students. The school year was reduced from around 180 days to 150 days.
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Eggert, David (March 20, 2014). House OKs school turnaround district legislation Associated Press. Recently, the Speaker proposed a change to Michigan's auto insurance laws, which would help reduce cost for Detroit's drivers; after promoting his proposal the Speaker met with Representatives John Olumba and Santana in an effort to create bi-partisan reform.Briscoe, Tony (March 21, 2014) Auto insurance reform sought The Detroit News.
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To simplify "do-it-yourself" building and reduce cost, the printed circuit board was designed as single-layer (one-side) board. This resulted in a relatively complicated design requiring many components-side connections to be made using wires. Galaksija's case was not pre-built. Instead, the guide suggested it to be built out of the printed circuit board material (such as Pertinax) also used for the mainboard.
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Bixby approached Doctor F. B. Fite, a leading resident of Muskogee, about obtaining funding for a new building. Fite passed the issue to the city council. To reduce cost, Bixby was willing to accept a frame structure, rather than brick construction. The building was constructed at the corner of Second Street and Okmulgee Avenue and housed 500 clerks working on appraisals of over two million acres of land.
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Presently, the Company has switched to Waste paper as basic raw material from original forest based and has thus been able to reduce cost of production. The in-house modifications/alterations to the pulping plants have also helped in processing various quality of waste paper to manufacture Newsprint. Mills is meeting its 100% requirement from Captive Power generation. Originally NEPA was a single product Company producing standard Newsprint.
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Not only does this reduce the chance of theft and consolidate packages but also payment for the purchase at the store may also be offered. To reduce cost retailers have researched using autonomous vehicles to deliver packages. US based Amazon and China based Alibaba have researched deploying drones for delivering goods to consumers. In Europe, Germany, Britain and Poland have experimented with services which provide automated parcel delivery.
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The Stand includes a cast of more than 125 speaking roles and features Gary Sinise, Miguel Ferrer, Rob Lowe, Ossie Davis, Ruby Dee, Jamey Sheridan, Laura San Giacomo, Molly Ringwald, Corin Nemec, Adam Storke, Ray Walston, Ed Harris, and Matt Frewer. The miniseries was shot in several locations and on 225 sets. However, each episode was given a $6 million budget. To reduce cost, the miniseries was shot on 16mm film.
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Standhardt designed the school in such a way as to make every element serve multiple purposes. To reduce cost of concrete, for example, the concrete shell roof of the school would double as a basketball court, and the drinking wells were designed to pump water into the air conditioning systems during peacetime. Two-way radio systems, Geiger counters, and fire fighting equipment were also built into the design.
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Newer techniques use asphalt emulsion (a mixture of liquid asphalt, surfactant, and water) instead of asphalt. This has been shown to help reduce aggregate loss and reduce cost of installation, but can increase stripping (separation of the binder from the aggregate). It reduces emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to the lower solvent content. New methods also utilize cross linking styrene acrylic polymers which also provide quality water resistance.
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Truckload is used for larger shipments of freights. If the number of items is large, a 48’ or 53’ capacity trailer will not be enough for shipping products. In such a case, truckload shipping is the best method to reduce cost, transporting goods quicker and reduce the chance of damage. The shipment will be cost effective if it is large enough to require the use of the space of the trailer.
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Over time manufacturers of automatic washers have gone to great lengths to reduce cost. For instance, expensive gearboxes are no longer required, since motor speed can be controlled electronically. Some models can be controlled via WiFi, and have angled drums to facilitate loading. Even on some expensive washers, the outer drum of front loading machines is often (but not always) made of plastic (it can also be made out of metal but this is expensive).
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When KSC separated from Marshall Space Flight Center in July 1962, it took 375 employees with it. In May 1965, KSC had 7,000 employees and contractors move from rented space in Cocoa Beach to the new Merritt Island facilities. The peak number of persons working on center was 26,000 in 1968 (3,000 were civil servants). In 1970, President Nixon announced intent to reduce cost of space operations and major cuts occurred at KSC.
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RAND partnered with IBM to create a system which could merge information either provided by user actions or generated by computers with information coming from other sources. The RAND Video Graphic System serves 32 consoles, each with a full range of interaction and full graphics, and can accommodate up to 8 different input devices. Several computers could be accessed from any terminal. Scanning and buffer storage was centralized to improve performance and reduce cost.
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A flushing hydrant is a hydrant that is used for flushing a water line of silt, rust, debris, or stagnant water. Many water utilities use standard fire hydrants for flushing their lines. Specialized flushing hydrants are often smaller and less expensive than a fire hydrant to reduce cost where fire fighting use is not needed or practical. Flushing hydrants typically only have one outlet, in contrast to fire hydrants, which normally have two or three.
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"The High Budgetary Cost of Incarceration" , "Center for Economic and Policy Research", 2010 Educating inmates is also cost effective. When investing in education, it could drastically reduce incarceration costs. For a one dollar investment in educational programs, there would be a reduction of costs of incarceration by nearly five dollars. Education reduces recidivism rates which can reduce cost of incarceration as well as reduce the number of people who commit crime within the community.
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The windscreen wipers were powered by a purely mechanical system: a cable connected to the transmission; to reduce cost, this cable also powered the speedometer. The wipers' speed was therefore dependent on car speed. When the car was waiting at a crossroad, the wipers were not powered; thus, a handle under the speedometer allowed them to be operated by hand. The wipers and speedometer could not be used at the same time.
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The economics of nuclear reactors are dominated by the capital cost—the cost to build and finance the construction of the facility. Fuel and operating cost are relatively low. Due to the dominance of capital cost, most nuclear power reactors have sought to reduce cost per Watt by increasing the total power output of the reactor system. However, this often leads to very large projects that are difficult to finance, manage and to standardize.
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Staunton pieces A chessboard is the type of used for the game of chess, on which the chess pawns and are placed. A chessboard is usually square in shape, with an alternating pattern of squares in two colours. Traditionally wooden boards are made of unstained light and dark brown woods. To reduce cost, many boards are made with veneers of more expensive woods glued to an inner piece of plywood or chipboard.
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Other switches transferred to the new control panel by trolley to the left of the driver's side near the window. Redesigned suspension and brake pedals at the same time control approached the car. On the other hand, ZiU- 682G supplied to provincial towns, 1993–2000., Compared with the previous model ZiU- 682V had significantly lighter load bearing elements of the frame component of the supporting frame (apparently, in order to reduce cost).
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In Australia, the X3 Accent is sold as the Hyundai Excel and is used in the Excel Rally Series, beginning in 2005. There are restrictions on modifications to the vehicle to reduce cost and encourage competition. Similarly in 2010 a circuit racing competition began in Queensland called Excel Cup and soon after in South Australia called Circuit Excels. The class has since spread to all six states with several hundred race cars built nationally.
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This violent stopping of the actuator could damage the fragile suspension system of the read/write head. To protect from this damage, the drive designers placed a small doughnut-shaped foam washer at the end of the thin steel bearing the actuator slid on. A cost reduction effort within Iomega manufacturing decided that to reduce cost, they would remove this part. Zip drives that followed for a several month period exhibited the click of death.
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It will be made of a combination of metals and composites. Features in the interior include seats that wirelessly charge troops’ radios, night-vision goggles, and other electronic gear and windows that display three-dimensional mission maps.Army May Pick Future Helo Designs This Summer - Defensetech.org, 5 May 2014 Special emphasis has been placed on reducing the weight of the V-280 in comparison to the V-22, which in turn would reduce cost.
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The Radeon 9000 (RV250) was launched alongside the Radeon 9700. The 9000 succeeded the Radeon 7500 (RV200) in the mainstream market segment, with the latter being moved to the budget segment. This chip was a significant redesign of R200 to reduce cost and power usage. Among hardware removed is one of the two texture units, the "TruForm" function, Hierarchical-Z, the DirectX 7 TCL unit and one of the two vertex shaders.
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In 2006, the AWD variant was dropped and the rear wheel drive was the only driveline layout available. In a further effort to reduce cost, buyers could also choose cloth interior and/or a bench seat. The Silverado SS also comes with the Z60 performance suspension and 20 inch aluminum wheels. All the SS trucks in both 2 wheel drive and AWD used the torsion bar style front suspension for better handling.
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With the success of the public library movement of the mid-19th century came the rapid expansion of library construction in the United States. Macdonald took advantage of this expansion to revolutionize a number of library features. In 1915 Snead standardized the length of a book shelf to three feet in order to reduce cost and create interchangeable parts. The company also standardized the stack range spacing to four feet six inches.
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Concrete canal lining is often used due to its high structural strength and longevity. Concrete used for canal lining is typically non-reinforced, as a way to reduce cost. A common method for constructing concrete lining is the use of slip forms, which are drawn down the length of the canal as the concrete is poured. Hand laying of concrete or prefabricated sections are also used when only a short distance needs to be covered.
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The HP-25 was a hand-held programmable scientific/engineering calculator made by Hewlett-Packard between 1975 and 1978. The HP-25 was introduced as a cheaper (US$195 MSRP) alternative to the ground-breaking HP-65. To reduce cost, the HP-25 omitted the HP-65's magnetic card reader, so it could only be programmed using the keyboard. After switching off, the program was lost and had to be typed in again.
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To achieve sustainability, the site uses a group of strategies to reduce cost: 1\. As of January 2010, all content is provided by outside sources. Stories come from the Associated Press, while comments are generated by children in the form of user-generated content (UGC). 2\. Editing of comments is provided by teachers, so editing is distributed among users as a means of reducing cost rather than centralizing editing with a paid staff.
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The basic ingredients of beer are water and a fermentable starch source such as malted barley. Most beer is fermented with a brewer's yeast and flavoured with hops. Less widely used starch sources include millet, sorghum and cassava. Secondary sources (adjuncts), such as maize (corn), rice, or sugar, may also be used, sometimes to reduce cost, or to add a feature, such as adding wheat to aid in retaining the foamy head of the beer.
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FAX was privately owned by Kamarudin Meranun, Raja Razali, Raja Azmi and Tony Fernandes. The airline was subcontracted by AirAsia to operate several domestic services following the withdrawal of Malaysia Airlines from rural air service routes within East Malaysia. Its maiden flight was on 1 August 2006, despite being delayed for 50 minutes by bad weather. FAX was not a low-cost carrier, but it incorporated some of AirAsia's practices to reduce cost.
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The Mirage 5 grew out of a request to Dassault from the Israeli Air Force. Since the weather over the Middle East is clear and sunny most of the time, the Israelis suggested removing avionics, normally located behind the cockpit, from the standard Mirage IIIE to reduce cost and maintenance, and replacing them with more fuel storage for attack missions.Jackson 1985, pp. 32–34. In September 1966, the Israelis placed an order for 50 of the new aircraft.
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The system as a whole was being developed under the Army's Aviation Applied Technology Directorate in the course of its Aerial Delivery of Effects from Lightweight Aircraft (ADELA) program. It used much commercial off–the–shelf hardware to reduce cost and development time. For instance, the system was controlled using an Xbox 360 video game controller. Other weapons considered for use with the ARSS included the M249 or M240 machine guns, the AA-12 shotgun or non-lethal weapons.
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The MC88110 was succeeded by PowerPC microprocessors Motorola developed jointly with International Business Machines (IBM) as part of the AIM alliance, but remained available until the mid-1990s. The MC88110 supported an optional external 256 KB to 2 MB secondary cache. The secondary cache controller was not integrated on the MC88110, but was located on a separate device, the MC88410, to reduce cost. The die contained 1.3 million transistors and measured 15 mm by 15 mm (225 mm2).
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A flat network is a computer network design approach that aims to reduce cost, maintenance and administration. Flat networks are designed to reduce the number of routers and switches on a computer network by connecting the devices to a single switch instead of separate switches. Unlike a hierarchical network design, the network is not physically separated using different switches. The topology of a flat network is not segmented or separated into different broadcast areas by using routers.
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Two streamlined pylons joined the wings to the box, above and below, carrying the fuselage at mid gap. For the aerodynamic investigations, the untapered part of the fuselage could be contained in circular fairings of different diameters; originally a range of five sizes was planned, but to reduce cost only the smallest () and largest () were flown. Since the diameter of the Jupiter was about , the cylinder heads were well exposed with the smaller fairing and enclosed by the larger.
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As the war continued, the demand for submachine guns increased greatly. In January 1944, under contract to the Army, larger scale production of the Type 100 started. In connection with the lower quality "substitute standard" variants of other Japanese weapons to increase speed and reduce cost of manufacture, a number of changes were made to simplify the Type 100. This led to the later 1944 model of the Type 100, know in the west as the "Type 100/44".
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Early in the 21st century, most countries tightened regulations to prevent this. If not for the rendering industry, the cost of waste animal material would be high and would place a significant economic and environmental burden on areas involved in industrial scale slaughtering. This cost would manifest itself through the use of expensive sanitary landfills, incinerators, and other similar waste disposal techniques without yielding profit from opportunity costs. Alternatives to rendering products may not reduce cost.
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In 2014, Harlem Academy purchased a half-acre lot at 655 St. Nicholas Avenue to build a permanent campus. The campaign was officially announced in May of 2019 and titled Future Leaders: The Capital Campaign for Harlem Academy. Construction began in August of 2020 with a projected completion of fall 2021. The new five-story, 29,000-square-foot school building will allow Harlem Academy to nearly double its student population, strengthen its program, and reduce cost per student.
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Large parts of the arches were shop-fabricated and transported to the assembly site west of reactor 4. Each of the steel tubes is made of high-strength steel to reduce cost and assembly weight. The steel used in the construction of the tubular members has a yield strength of no less than . Warm, dry air will be circulated in the gap between inner and outer roof sections to prevent condensation, which will reduce corrosion and prevent water from dripping into the interior.
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Kawasaki introduced the Vulcan 400 in 1986 as an entry level cruiser. For a first series, The Vulcan 400 featured a 398 cc liquid-cooled twin engine, and was fitted with a belt drive and six-speed transmission. The series 2 Vulcan 400 featured a 399 cc liquid-cooled V-twin engine similar in design to the 750. The series 2 was fitted with a chain drive and five-speed transmission to reduce cost and was produced in both Classic and Drifter variations.
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The Brick House Beautiful is a historic house located in northeast Portland, Oregon, United States. It was built in 1922–1923 to be a model house showcasing the product line of the Standard Brick & Tile Company, based in Portland. It was also a demonstration project for the brick hollow-wall method of construction, newly introduced in the Portland market to reduce cost and improve affordability of brick houses.. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.
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A pill-splitter holding a tablet ready to split. Pill-splitting refers to the practice of splitting a tablet or pill to provide a lower dose of the active ingredient, or to obtain multiple smaller doses, either to reduce cost or because the pills available provide a larger dose than required. Many pills that are suitable for splitting (aspirin tablets for instance) come pre-scored so that they may easily be halved. It is unsafe to split some prescription medications.
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An advantage of using TBO is that it identifies the value of the short term and the long-term benefits of the propositions. This system helps the company to prioritise the importance of each decision. This analysis not only serves as a tool to reduce cost but also as a way to plan the future of the business, in a more detailed and sophisticated way. For example, a company is considering whether to invest in a long-term project, such as infrastructure.
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This part creates distance and support between the knee- joint and the foot (in case of an upper-leg prosthesis) or between the socket and the foot. The type of connectors that are used between the shank and the knee/foot determines whether the prosthesis is modular or not. Modular means that the angle and the displacement of the foot in respect to the socket can be changed after fitting. In developing countries prosthesis mostly are non- modular, in order to reduce cost.
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In the United States, education reform acknowledges and encourages public education as the primary source of K-12 education for American youth. The one constant for all forms of education reform includes the idea that small changes in education will have large social returns in citizen health, wealth and well-being. For example, a stated motivation has been to reduce cost to students and society. From ancient times until the 1800s, one goal was to reduce the expense of a classical education.
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Minolta HI-Matic F Minolta entered the highly competitive 35mm compact camera market in the 1980s and transitioned from older rangefinder designs to "point-and-shoot" (P&S;) electronic autofocus/autowind cameras. Minolta, like other major manufacturers faced with low-cost competition from elsewhere in Asia, found it difficult to build quality P&S; cameras at a cost the consumer was willing to pay, and was forced to offshore production, gradually redesigning successive cameras to reduce cost and maintain profit margins.
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They were also made from better materials, stronger latches, and had fancier locks. Usually, officers were permitted to have custom drawings displayed on the outside of their footlockers. Most footlockers are made of plywood, but starting in World War II some footlockers were made out of a form of cardboard, which evolved into pressboard, covered with adhesive paper. Such materials were used to reduce cost of manufacture, although the materials also reduced durability when exposed to water and/or humidity.
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As mentioned in the introduction, the purpose of teletraffic theory is to reduce cost in telecommunications networks. An important tool in achieving this goal is forecasting. Forecasting allows network operators to calculate the potential cost of a new network / service for a given QoS during the planning and design stage, thereby ensuring that costs are kept to a minimum. An important method used in forecasting is simulation, which is described as the most common quantitative modelling technique in use today.
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A human proteome detection and quantitation project. 2009 May;8(5):883–6. A variety of MS instrument types have been used for quantitation of the enriched peptides, including most frequently triple quadrupole mass spectrometers implementing the “multiple reaction monitoring” (MRM) method (a format sometimes referred to as “immuno-MRM”Zhao L, Whiteaker JR, Voytovich UJ, Ivey RG, Paulovich AG. Antibody-Coupled Magnetic Beads Can Be Reused in Immuno-MRM Assays To Reduce Cost and Extend Antibody Supply. J Proteome Res.
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A complete list of foreign direct investment incentives that can be applied in regards to international business can be found in Foreign direct investment. Some researchers find foreign direct investment leads to strict environmental policy. Environmental consciousness has been a pressing topic for discussion and concern in the global community as has been seen in the recent Paris Agreement. For a country to become more attractive to foreign investors, one may consider implementing incentives that simultaneously reduce cost while also enabling environmental initiatives.
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The most common transfer pathway is from two-year community colleges to four-year colleges within a state. Students beginning their collegiate education at community colleges save "enormously" on tuition, since most live with their parents and many work full-time. United States president Barack Obama, as a youth, transferred from one four-year college to another. But there have been transfers occurring in the other direction, with students from private universities switching to state schools after two years, sometimes as a way to reduce cost.
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Thousands of chemical compounds are subjected to high-throughput screening to see if they have any activity against a target molecule which has been identified as biologically significant to a disease. Promising compounds can then be studied; modified to improve efficacy, reduce side effects, and reduce cost of manufacture; and if successful turned into treatments. The related technique of A/B testing is often used to help optimize the design of web sites and mobile apps. This is used by major sites such as amazon.
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Further, technologies enable security robots to track objects 360 degrees by introducing multiple motion sensors around the drones, once a sensor is triggered, embedded CPUs will guide the drones to turn to the spotted direction to follow objects even from behind. This innovative design eliminates the need to implement multiple cameras in a single unit to reduce cost. Amaryllo security robots can even talk to intruders if they are spotted and track intruders. Amaryllo iCamPRO FHD won 2015 WebRTC World Product of the Year Award.
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It is envisaged Platform 1 under the existing listed train shed will also be converted to a fifth HS2 platform to reduce cost. However at 242 metres long, it is the shortest platform at the station and falls short of the 400 metre platform required to accommodate High Speed trains. The HS2 concourse will be connected to the existing concourse at Piccadilly. HS2 will reduce the average journey time from central Manchester to central London from 2 hours 8 minutes to 1 hour 8 minutes.
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A new 49 cc pushrod OHV engine was designed for the Choinori. The aluminium engine had a linerless bore that was plated by a newly developed high-speed plating process, reducing both cost and weight. Another feature to reduce cost and weight was the lack of a rear suspension, with the rear axle being bolted directly to the frame. The minimalist design allowed the Choinori to be sold at an extremely low price, with the basic version advertised at a lower price than Suzuki's contemporary electric bicycle.
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FLV-2 is the result of the merging of FLV and FL-2000 SAMs, and thus also designated as FL-2000(V2). FLV-2 is designed as a lightweight, low-cost SAM system that can be equipped in large numbers and also rapidly transported. In comparison to FLV-1, the original chassis of FLV-1 based on armored personal carrier is replaced by a truck chassis in FLV-2/FL-2000V2 to reduce cost, and the protection of the crew is offered by add-on armor.
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They began the removal of bedrock and construction of the pier. Building work on the west pier began in earnest in 1891, but was affected by adverse weather including the Great Blizzard of March 1891. The west pier was completed in December 1892, when it was opened by Lord and Lady Robartes in an official ceremony with a procession which involved many guests and people from the village, and a speech at the village Reading Room. Construction of the south pier was delayed to reduce cost.
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This is done to during the competition between the two companies to reduce cost of production of UEC. Map started to give the citizens of Russia on the application, which can be fed into the open across Russia points for receiving applications and issuing cards. President of "UEC" Alex Popov said that the card uses an electronic signature CryptoPro. In February 2013, it was announced that some regions of the Russian Federation does not have enough money to ensure the production and issuance of cards.
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The cache tags were contained on the storage control unit chip. The POWER2+ has a narrower 64- or 128-bit memory bus and a smaller 64 or 128 KB data cache. As there is less cache, the data cache unit chips are smaller as a result, and the revised storage control unit chip is also smaller. A goal for the six-chip configuration was to reduce cost, and therefore the chips are packaged in a solder ball connect (SBC) package instead of a MCM.
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By supporting a variety of traditional and VoIP telephony services, Asterisk allows deployers to build telephone systems, or migrate existing systems to new technologies. Some sites are using Asterisk to replace proprietary PBXes, others provide additional features, such as voice mail or voice response menus, or virtual call shops, or to reduce cost by carrying both local and long-distance calls over the Internet. In addition to VoIP protocols, Asterisk supports traditional circuit-switching protocols such as ISDN and SS7. This requires appropriate hardware interface cards, marketed by third-party vendors.
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Hydrostatic bearings are externally pressurized fluid bearings, where the fluid is usually oil, water or air, and the pressurization is done by a pump. Hydrodynamic bearings rely on the high speed of the journal (the part of the shaft resting on the fluid) to pressurize the fluid in a wedge between the faces. Fluid bearings are frequently used in high load, high speed or high precision applications where ordinary ball bearings would have short life or cause high noise and vibration. They are also used increasingly to reduce cost.
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Blending of pozzolans with Portland cement is of limited interference in the conventional production process and offers the opportunity to convert waste (for example, fly ash) into durable construction materials. A reduction of 40 percent of Portland cement in the concrete mix is usually feasible when replaced with a combination of pozzolanic materials. Pozzolans can be used to control setting, increase durability, reduce cost and reduce pollution without significantly reducing the final compressive strength or other performance characteristics. The properties of hardened blended cements are strongly related to the development of the binder microstructure, i.e.
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A change of some manufacturing techniques to reduce cost and weight was also included in the refreshed design. The second generation Ace weighs , sits on a wheelbase of and an overall length of . The engine range was increased with two 5.0 L V8 options, in and V8 supercharged variations; a 4.6 litre V8 32-valve fuel injected quad cam engine, and a Lotus 3.5 V8 producing . The 1999 London Motor Show car was originally fitted with the Lotus engine, but as it was never operational a 4.6-litre Cobra engine was later installed.
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In late January, an unexploded bomb was located near the encampment of several National Guardsmen, likely in relation to these events. After six months of having soldiers deployed to the southern part of the state and with tensions easing due to the pacifying influence of union leader Louis Tikas and the National Guard–and despite a murder in Forbes in March 1914 that saw the Guard burn a striker tent colony down–the vast majority of the troops are withdrawn back towards garrisons in Denver in mid-April 1914 to reduce cost.
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The aircraft was designed for the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight class, with the intention of reversing the trend of its period, which saw heavier, more expensive trikes that stall faster and were harder to fly, thus requiring more flight training. The Butterfly addresses these issues by being a simple design and by employing a single surface wing with a large area. Similarly the carriage is simple and lacks options, to reduce cost and weight. The resulting aircraft has a low landing speed of at the cost of a low cruise speed of .
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EULYNX was started in 2014 by the railway infrastructure managers of 6 European countries: Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Luxembourg and Great Britain. This has expanded with time to 12 by including the railway infrastructure managers from: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Slovenia, Switzerland, Italy and Austria. The project is meant to standardise railway signalling and control interfaces, in order to reduce cost and installation time of signalling equipment. EULYNX stems from the shorter lifetime of new signalling equipment technology, especially of interlockings which are at the core of the railway safety system.
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City planners initially focused on three designs: cable-stayed, wave-frame girder, and through arch, but the design committee eventually recommended a hybrid suspension/cable-stayed design by architect, Miguel Rosales. Despite the recommendation, TriMet chose a cable-stayed option by MacDonald Architects in order to reduce cost. MacDonald had previously designed the similar Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge. T.Y. Lin International (TYLI), Engineer of Record on the Tilikum Crossing project, designed the distinctive, 180-foot-tall, pentagonal shaped stay-cable towers as the bridge’s focal point.
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The body was changed to steel to reduce cost. Stout Scarab Experimental (1946) Stout stated that the car would be manufactured in limited quantities and sold by invitation. Up to a hundred a year were to be made in a small factory at the corner of Scott Street and Telegraph Road (US 24), Dearborn, Michigan. Although the Scarab garnered much press coverage, at $5,000 (equivalent to $80,000 in 2010), when a luxurious and ultra-modern Chrysler Imperial Airflow cost just $1,345, very few could pay the hefty premium for innovation.
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After basic design work was completed on the Tu-4 bomber, Tupolev decided to design a passenger variant with a pressurized fuselage, given the internal designation of Tu-70. It was intended to use as many Tu-4 components as possible to reduce cost and save development time. It was a low-wing, cantilever monoplane with tricycle landing gear, powered by four Shvetsov ASh-73TK radial engines. Design work on a mockup began in February 1946 and the Council of Ministers confirmed an order for a single prototype the following month.
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Self-organizing Networks features are being introduced gradually with the arrival of new 4G systems in radio access networks, allowing for the impact of potential ‘teething troubles’ to be limited and gradually increasing confidence. Self-optimization mechanisms in mobile radio access networks can be seen to have some similarities to automated trading algorithms in financial markets. SON has also been retrofitted to existing 3G networks to help reduce cost and improve service reliability. The Mobile World Congress trade conference in 2009 saw the first major announcements of SON functionality for LTE mobile networks.
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Traditionally, hospitals often had a dispatcher, a person sat at a central desk, taking calls from across all wards and departments where a porter is needed. Just as porters could be needed at any time of the day or night so was this co- ordination function, making it quite an expensive overhead. This has often been replaced by a system using pagers. A more technically advanced solution, giving visibility of porters and allocating work more efficiently can reduce cost and improve efficiency, prioritising the most urgent tasks and giving more detail of what is required.
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The Carson and Colorado Railway was a U.S. narrow gauge railroad that ran from Mound House, Nevada, to Keeler, California below the Cerro Gordo Mines. It was incorporated on May 10, 1880 as the Carson and Colorado Railroad, and construction on the railroad began on May 31, 1880. narrow gauge track was chosen to reduce cost. Much of the route now parallels U.S. Route 95 Alternate, U.S. Route 95, Nevada State Route 360 and U.S. Route 6 The Carson & Colorado began operations with a single Baldwin 4-4-0, the Candelaria.
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However, during the early implementation stage of the construction the plan was scaled down in order to reduce cost. Nevertheless, in January 2007, the Malaysian federal government announced its intention to reactivate the initial plan to transfer the power generated by the dam to Peninsular Malaysia via a submarine power cable. The submarine cable will span a distance of 670 kilometres and reach the shore of Peninsular Malaysia at Yong Peng, at the state of Johor, southeastern part of the peninsula. It is expected to be completed the earliest by 2012.
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In high power applications an additional water cooling circuit for each electrode is necessary. To reduce cost, the water circuits are often not separated and the water needs to be deionized to make it electrically non-conductive, which lets the quartz or some laser media dissolve into the water. Perspective view of 3 kW lamp showing plastic safety shield used during shipping. To achieve maximum efficiency, the xenon gas inside short-arc lamps is maintained at an extremely high pressure — up to 30 atmospheres (440 psi / 3040 kPa) — which poses safety concerns.
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Certain high-end keyboards have "n-key rollover" (NKRO). This means that each key is scanned completely independently by the keyboard hardware, so that each keypress is correctly detected regardless of how many other keys are being pressed or held down at the time. mirror: Most music keyboards use isolation diodes in their keyboard matrix to implement full n-key rollover, making them immune to both key ghosting and key jamming. However, to reduce cost and design complexity, most computer keyboards do not isolate all keys in this way.
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Some cars, mostly from the 1960s and 1970s, had variable-speed, hydraulically-driven wipers, most notably the '61–'69 Lincoln Continental, '69–'71 Lincoln Continental Mark III (but not all '70 models), and '63–'71 Ford Thunderbird. These were powered by the same hydraulic pump also used for the power steering mechanism. On the earlier Citroën 2CV, the windscreen wipers were powered by a purely mechanical system, a cable connected to the transmission; to reduce cost, this cable also powered the speedometer. The wipers' speed was therefore variable with car speed.
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Thus manufacturers, dealers, suppliers, rental and services business can improve the value their customers derive from their equipment and subsequently improve their own profitability and reduce cost at the same time. Collaboration is a critical factor in the equipment supply chain. Interview with "Richard Wilding" on supply chain collaboration Equipment companies must have two fundamentals in place of operational control of service operations on the one hand and equipment intelligence on the other. (1) This enables companies to move to proactive service approaches and make better business decisions.
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With the Cartwright Loom, the Spinning Mule and the Boulton & Watt steam engine, the pieces were in place to build a mechanised textile industry. From this point there were no new inventions, but a continuous improvement in technology as the mill-owner strove to reduce cost and improve quality. Developments in the transport infrastructure - the canals and, after 1831, the railways - facilitated the import of raw materials and export of finished cloth. The use of water power to drive mills was supplemented by steam driven water pumps, and then superseded completely by the steam engines.
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CM applied over the life cycle of a system provides visibility and control of its performance, functional, and physical attributes. CM verifies that a system performs as intended, and is identified and documented in sufficient detail to support its projected life cycle. The CM process facilitates orderly management of system information and system changes for such beneficial purposes as to revise capability; improve performance, reliability, or maintainability; extend life; reduce cost; reduce risk and liability; or correct defects. The relatively minimal cost of implementing CM is returned manyfold in cost avoidance.
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Triton Knoll Wind Farm is a consented round 2 offshore wind farm off the coast of Lincolnshire, in the North Sea, England. RWE Npower Renewables (now: Innogy) were awarded the lease to the development area in 2003. The offshore elements of the wind farm of up to 1200MW power gained planning consent in 2013; RWE reduced the scope of the wind farm to 900MW or under in 2014, to reduce cost per MW. Statkraft became joint owner of the development in early 2015. The onshore and offshore electrical connection assets were given planning permission in September 2016.
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The reason for designing this software was twofold: Provide a powerful EDA tool for AV industry and to reduce cost of entry into AV industry by entrepreneurs. The features that were added were focused on end to end solutions from Customer presentation, to AV System design and finally full GUI development for touch screen panels and monitors. AVSnap has many different modes of operation, including a system design mode, a presentation mode, a remote access mode, and a web server mode. The software is designed to provide a professional quality design environment for Audio Visual market.
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The attempts to reduce cost were unsuccessful, as criticised in a report to the supervisory board. Nonetheless, Lütke Daldrup took the timely completion of terminal T2 as a sign that the problems at BER were coming to an end. Daldrup said that he was hopeful that the airport could open as soon as August 2020, two months earlier than currently scheduled. In late July 2019, Daldrup stated that, of the more than 11,000 shortcomings reported in March 2019, over 70% had been resolved, including several hundred problems of high priority that would preclude the start of the final TÜV rehearsal.
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Target costing was developed independently in both USA and Japan in different time periods. Target costing was adopted earlier by American companies to reduce cost and improve productivity, such as Ford Motor from 1900s, American Motors from 1950s-1960s. Although the ideas of target costing were also applied by a number of other American companies including Boeing, Caterpillar, Northern Telecom, few of them apply target costing as comprehensively and intensively as top Japanese companies such as Nissan, Toyota, Nippondenso. Target costing emerged from Japan from 1960s to early 1970s with the particular effort of Japanese automobile industry, including Toyota and Nissan.
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This enables easy integration of new features in a server or a whole data center. Data conditioning features delivered via a Data Conditioning Platform are designed to simplify system integration, and minimize implementation risks associated with deploying new technologies by ensuring seamless compatibility with all leading server and storage hardware, operating systems and applications, and meeting all current commercial/off- the-shelf (COTS) standards. By delivering optimization features via a Data Conditioning Platform, data center managers can improve system efficiency and reduce cost with minimal disruption and avoid the need to modify existing applications or operating systems, and leverage existing hardware systems.
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1991 replica, the Santa Maria Ship and Museum A replica, depicted as a Carrack, was commissioned by the city of Columbus, Ohio as a museum ship, the Santa Maria Ship and Museum. It was built by the Scarano Brothers Boat Building Company in Albany, New York, who later cut the ship in half and transported it by truck to the Scioto River. The replica cost about 1.2 million dollars. The ship was constructed out of white cedar as opposed to an oak wood used on the original to give the ship a long life in the Scioto River and to reduce cost.
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ZyMos Poach 1 Appian Technology, Inc,, formerly ZyMOS Corporation, was a semiconductor manufacturing company located in Sunnyvale, California. It initially designed and manufactured custom and semi-custom integrated circuits. After the introduction of the IBM PC in the early 1980s, there was strong customer demand for ICs to support the production of IBM PC-AT clones. In 1987, Appian responded to this demand by developing the POACH (PC-On-A- Chip) peripheral series, one of the first chipsets of its kind, enabling manufacturers of PC AT clones to simplify PC motherboard designs and reduce cost and time to market.
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In a perfect market of competing sellers and buyers seeking to trade in a rational manner, pricing fluctuates based on the capacity of the market. Payday lenders have no incentive to price their loans competitively since loans are not capable of being patented. Thus, if a lender chooses to innovate and reduce cost to borrowers in order to secure a larger share of the market the competing lenders will instantly do the same, negating the effect. For this reason, among others, all lenders in the payday marketplace charge at or very near the maximum fees and rates allowed by local law.
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The Policja are routinely armed, and use a variety of marked and unmarked cars, vans, motorbikes and other vehicles. Their most common patrol car is currently the Kia Cee'd. Other law enforcement agencies operate more standardised fleets which usually contain only one or two vehicle models. This is usually because City Guards source all the cars of their small fleets from one firm so as to reduce cost, whilst more specialised services buy large fleets of vehicles specific to their requirements, an example of which would be the large use of all-terrain Land Rover Defenders by the Border Guard.
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The ccTalk protocol is a byte-oriented protocol. The series of bytes in a message -- represented above as a series of decimal numbers -- is transmitted as 8-N-1. Many devices have single electrical connector that carries both power (typically +12 V or +24 V) and the ccTalk data over a total of 4 wires. To reduce cost, for short interconnection distances CPI recommends sending ccTalk data over an unbalanced multi-drop open-collector interface: both transmit and receive messages occur on the same bi-directional serial DATA line at TTL level, driven through an open-collector NPN transistor.
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The high cost of production for first generation dendritic cell therapies is often used as evidence that DCVax-Prostate and the other DCVax therapies will not be economically viable. These arguments consistently ignore the fact that Northwest Biotherapeutics has developed and regularly utilizes methods to freeze dendritic cells for transport and storage. This gives NWBO an enormous production cost advantage over these older therapies and over current would-be competitors, in part because it allows centralized processing of the patient samples at one enormous facility. Further, as mentioned, Northwest has developed and patented automated mfg processes that further reduce cost.
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Shorter lead times improve quality, reduce cost and eliminate non-value-added waste within the organization while simultaneously increasing the organization's competitiveness and market share by serving customers better and faster. The time-based framework of QRM accommodates strategic variability such as offering custom-engineered products while eliminating dysfunctional variability such as rework and changing due dates. For this reason, companies making products in low or varying volumes have used QRM as an alternative or to complement other strategies such as Lean Manufacturing, Total quality management, Six Sigma or Kaizen. However, the benefits of QRM are still mooted and contested by experts around.
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On 22 June 2015, it was announced that bowling made the cut from the 28 sports to the last eight to become a new sport for the 2020 Summer Olympics. The shortlist of these sports for consideration was based on applications from 26 international sport federations, many of which have applied for inclusion in previous Olympic tournaments.Sports that may soon be Olympic events include bowling, climbing, karate, and surfing However, in September 2015, it was announced that bowling, together with wushu and squash, were left out for 2020. The 2020 Olympic Committee wanted sports that appeal to youth and would not require building new facilities to reduce cost.
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The S.I.R. Method of Recruiting is a long-term strategy adopted by progressive organizations who wish to gain a competitive advantage in the "war on talent." S.I.R. is the acronym for Streamlined Internal Recruiting, and leverages the power of both technology and external recruiting agencies to effectively reduce cost-per-hire, while increasing overall process efficiency. This recruiting philosophy was first utilized in 2008, at the beginning of the American economic recession, and has gained a following by the Human Resources and Recruitment community within forward-thinking organizations. At the root of its success lies the fusion of traditional headhunters, social media, and video hiring.
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Churnalism is a pejorative term for a form of journalism in which press releases, stories provided by news agencies, and other forms of pre-packaged material, instead of reported news, are used to create articles in newspapers and other news media. Its purpose is to reduce cost by reducing original news- gathering and checking sources, to counter revenue lost with the rise of Internet news and decline in advertising; there was a particularly steep fall from late 2015. The origin of the word has been credited to BBC journalist Waseem Zakir. Churnalism has increased to the point that many stories found in the press are not original.
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Labour's manifesto stated that the party "proud of its record, sure in its policies—confidently asks the electors to renew its mandate". It identified four key tasks facing the United Kingdom which it would tackle: the need to work for peace, the need to work to "maintain full employment and to increase production", the need to reduce cost of living, and the need to "build a just society". The manifesto argued that only a Labour government could achieve these tasks. It also contrasted the Britain of 1951 with that of the interwar years (when there had largely been Conservative-led governments), saying this period saw "mass-unemployment; mass fear; mass misery".
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It would use wide engineering margins with strong simple materials to further enhance reliability and reduce cost of complexity. The system would be at least partially reusable with passive reentry and recovery of rocket sections for refurbishment and relaunch. The first stage was to be powered by a single enormous thrust engine burning RP-1 and LOX (liquid oxygen). The fuels were pushed into the engine by liquid nitrogen, which provided a pressure of for the RP-1 and for the LOX, providing a total pressure in the engine of at takeoff. As the vehicle climbed the pressures dropped off, eventually burning out after 81 seconds.
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PVC low-profile ducting has been developed as a cost-effective alternative to steel low-profile ducting. Low-profile ducting has been used extensively in apartment and hotel ventilation since 2005. The growth of low-profile ducting has grown significantly due to the reduction of available space in ceiling cavities in an effort to reduce cost. Since the Grenfell Tower fire in 2017 there has been a rise in the discovery of noncompliant building materials; many PVC low- profile ducting manufacturers have struggled to gain or maintain compliance, and some building projects have had to resort back to using the more expensive steel option.
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She has frequently represented the industry in Washington D.C. on matters including the design of carbon markets to contain global warming, curbs on large commodities trading positions and the financial regulatory overhaul. From March 2015 to December 2018, Masters is the CEO of Digital Asset Holdings. Digital Asset is a startup that uses distributed ledger technology to reduce cost, risk and capital requirements in wholesale financial services. In December 2015, it was posited in the media that the new Barclays CEO Jes Staley had approached Masters about running the bank’s investment banking division, however Masters indicated she was fully committed to her current role at Digital Asset Holdings.
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Industrial and production engineering includes three areas: Mechanical engineering (where the production engineering comes from), industrial engineering, and management science. The objective is to improve efficiency, drive up effectiveness of manufacturing, quality control, and to reduce cost while making their products more attractive and marketable. Industrial engineering is concerned with the development, improvement, and implementation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, materials, as well as analysis and synthesis. The principles of IPE include mathematical, physical and social sciences and methods of engineering design to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from the systems or processes currently in place or being developed.
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The speed limit of rail transport had been pushed so hard to enable it to effectively compete with road and air transport. But this achievement was not done for different rail operating companies to compete among themselves. This phenomenon also reduces the airline desirability of SSTs, because, for very long distance transportation (a couple of thousand kilometers), competition between different modes of transport is rather like a single-horse race: air transport does not have a significant competitor. The only competition is between the airline companies, and they would rather pay moderately to reduce cost and increase service quality than pay much more for a speed increase.
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The first is a buyout, by the majority owner, of all shares of a public corporation or holding company's stock, privatizing a publicly traded stock, and often described as private equity. The second is a demutualization of a mutual organization or cooperative to form a joint stock company. Privatization has also been defined as the sale of public assets to private companies who then provide that service back to the community or municipality at a competitive price. The whole idea behind the privatization issue is that the new provider will be able to provide the same service but at a reduce cost to the public.
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In making health care a largely "invisible cost" to the patient, health care seems to be effectively free to its consumers - there is no specific NHS tax or levy. To reduce cost and ensure that everyone is treated equitably there are a variety of "gatekeepers." The GP functions as a primary gatekeeper - without referral from a GP, it is often impossible to gain higher courses of treatment, such as an appointment with a consultant. These are argued to be necessary - Welshman Bevan noted in a 1948 speech in the House of Commons, "we shall never have all we need... expectations will always exceed capacity".
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In the mid-1970s, both the French Air Force (Armée de l'Air) and Navy (Marine Nationale) had requirements for a new generation of fighters to replace those in or about to enter service.Williams 2002, p. 92. Because their requirements were similar, and to reduce cost, both departments issued a common request for proposal. In 1975, the French Ministry of Aviation initiated studies for a new aircraft to complement the upcoming and smaller Dassault Mirage 2000, with each aircraft optimised for differing roles. In 1979, the French company Dassault joined the MBB/BAe "European Collaborative Fighter" (ECA) project which was renamed the "European Combat Aircraft".
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James decided that the majority of the sets would have to be redresses of the Voyager standing sets in order to reduce cost, but that new bridge and engineering rooms would need to be built for the Dauntless. The bridge set would be difficult as despite it needing to look like a Starfleet vessel, but would need to "instantaneously change" to an alien bridge as required by the beat-sheet. He wanted to repeat the sleekness of the exterior design by curving the walls of the bridge, something which was too difficult with a wooden set. Instead, he used several steel grids with a muslin cover.
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NASA Design Reference Mission Architecture 5.0 (2009) Mars to Stay missions propose astronauts sent to Mars for the first time should intend to stay. Unused emergency return vehicles would be recycled into settlement construction as soon as the habitability of Mars becomes evident to the initial pioneers. Mars to Stay missions are advocated both to reduce cost and to ensure permanent settlement of Mars. Among many notable Mars to Stay advocates, former Apollo astronaut Buzz Aldrin has been particularly outspoken, suggesting in numerous forums "Forget the Moon, Let’s Head to Mars!" and, in June 2013, Aldrin promoted a crewed mission "to homestead Mars and become a two-planet species".
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He was featured both in the 2007 and the 2008 Power List of American automotive magazine Motor Trend. After he succeeded Pischetsrieder in 2007, Winterkorn embarked on the "Strategie 2018" with the goal to bypass General Motors and Toyota by the year 2018, to become the world's largest automaker. Among Winterkorn's initiatives are the platforms MQB and MLB which standardize the area between accelerator pedal and front wheels (including engines) where 60% of the development costs occur, to reduce cost while increasing design flexibility for the rest of the car. In the VW Group, he was viewed as having attention to detail,Muller 2013.
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Honey is sometimes adulterated by the addition of other sugars, syrups, or compounds to change its flavor or viscosity, reduce cost, or increase the fructose content to stave off crystallization. Adulteration of honey has been practiced since ancient times, when honey was sometimes blended with plant syrups such as maple, birch, or sorghum and sold to customers as pure honey. Sometimes crystallized honey was mixed with flour or other fillers, hiding the adulteration from buyers until the honey was liquefied. In modern times the most common adulterant became clear, almost-flavorless corn syrup; the adulterated mixture can be very difficult to distinguish from pure honey.
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Since 2005, the FDA and European regulators have required that nearly all new molecular entities be evaluated in a Thorough QT (TQT) study to determine a drug's effect on the QT interval. The TQT study serves to assess the potential arrhythmia liability of a drug. Traditionally, the QT interval has been evaluated by having an individual human reader measure approximately nine cardiac beats per clinical timepoint. However, a substantial portion of drug approvals over the past decade have incorporated a partially automated approach, blending automated software algorithms with expert human readers reviewing a portion of the cardiac beats, to enable the assessment of significantly more beats in order to improve precision and reduce cost.
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The project was originally started as a US-only project called the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE); in around 2012-2014 a descope was considered with a near-surface detector to reduce cost. However, the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) concluded in its 2014 report that the research activity being pursued by LBNE "should be reformulated under the auspices of a new international collaboration, as an internationally coordinated and internationally funded program, with Fermilab as host", reverting to a deep- underground detector. The LBNE collaboration was officially dissolved on January 30, 2015, shortly after the new collaboration recommended by P5 was formed on January 22, 2015. The new collaboration selected the name Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE).
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IBM and Nintendo have revealed that the Espresso processor is a PowerPC-based microprocessor with three cores on a single chip to reduce power consumption and increase speed. The CPU and the graphics processor are placed on a single substrate as a multi-chip module (MCM) to reduce complexity, increase the communication speed between the chips, further reduce power consumption and reduce cost and space required. The two chips were assembled to the complete MCM by Renesas in Japan.Iwata asks: Wii U: The Console Espresso itself was manufactured by IBM in its 300 mm plant in East Fishkill, New York, using 45 nm SOI-technologyNEW WII U™ ON SOI and embedded DRAM (eDRAM) for caches.
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Lord Gill's report identified that many litigants and legal practitioners had been happy with the improvements to personal injury claims in the Court of Session by the introduction of new rules, but concluded that creating an all-Scotland specialist sheriff court for personal injury claims was the best option. This would relieve pressure on the Court of Session, and reduce cost to litigants as they would not need to engage an advocate or solicitor advocate as solicitors have the right of audience before the sheriff courts. At the same time, he allowed for the pursuer to a have a choice between the local sheriff court or the new specialist court in Edinburgh.
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On 8 May 2013 Reuben led other County representatives in Kakamega in a coordinated walkout to assert their right to the constitutionally mandated pay and other compensation which the National government wanted to reduce, obstinately to reduce cost but overtly to test the will of the counties to protect their turf. In early 2013 police investigated an incident in which the majority leader in the Kakamega County Assembly, Mr. Reuben Nyangweso, allegedly threatened a Kenya Power worker with a pistol. (newskenya.co.ke and ) This allegation was found without merit, and the police apologized to Mr. Nyangweso. Mr. Nyangweso runs a pharmacy and other businesses in Kakamega town besides serving the county as their elected representative.
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Damljanovic D., Vukovic Ð., Vitic A., Isakovic J., Ocokoljic G. "Observations on Some Transonic Wind Tunnel Tests of a Standard Model with a T-Tail", Scientific Technical Review 66 (4), 2016, pp. 34-39 AGARD-C is primarily used in the transonic wind tunnels and the database of published test results is somewhat smaller than the one for the AGARD-B model. In order to reduce cost and produce more versatile wind tunnel models, actual designs of AGARD-B and AGARD-C are sometimes realized as an AGARD-B configuration to which a body segment with the T-tail can be attached at the rear end to form the AGARD-C configuration (see figure).
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As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth- generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack or a USB data and charging port for the dock/cable. The dock connector also allowed the iPod to connect to accessories, which often supplement the iPod's music, video, and photo playback.
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The Paramount had an aluminium over wood frame body with BMW like grille and was mounted on a separate tubular steel chassis with front transverse and rear semi elliptical leaf springs. It was originally intended to have Alvis engine and suspension but to reduce cost the production versions used Ford 10 components including the 1172 cc side valve engines, but fitted with twin SU carburettors, which resulted in poor performance. The car was listed in both 2 and 4 seat versions. In 1953, the company was bought by Camden Motors and production moved to Leighton Buzzard and the Ford Consul 1,508 cc engine was an option in a longer chassis as also was a Wade or Shorrock supercharger.
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The shared registers are used for passing function parameters and returning values, and the local registers are used for retaining local values across function calls. The "Scalable" in SPARC comes from the fact that the SPARC specification allows implementations to scale from embedded processors up through large server processors, all sharing the same core (non-privileged) instruction set. One of the architectural parameters that can scale is the number of implemented register windows; the specification allows from three to 32 windows to be implemented, so the implementation can choose to implement all 32 to provide maximum call stack efficiency, or to implement only three to reduce cost and complexity of the design, or to implement some number between them.
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Nintendo president Satoru Iwata stated, "Wii U does not have DVD or Blu-ray playback capabilities. The reason for that is that we feel that enough people already have devices that are capable of playing DVDs and Blu-ray, such that it didn't warrant the cost involved to build that functionality into the Wii U console because of the patents related to those technologies". Like with the GameCube and Wii optical discs, it was chosen by Nintendo to prevent copyright infringement of games, to reduce cost by avoiding licensing fees to the Blu- ray Disc Association (BDA), and to reduce loading times. This also prevents the console from being modified into a DVD or Blu-ray movie player.
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For any given route, a flight planning system can reduce cost by finding the most economical speed at any given altitude and by finding the best altitude(s) to use based on the predicted weather. Such local optimisation can be done on a waypoint- by-waypoint basis. Commercial airlines do not want an aircraft to change altitude too often (among other things, it may make it more difficult for the cabin crew to serve meals), so they often specify some minimum time between optimisation-related flight level changes. To cope with such requirements, a flight planning system must be capable of non-local altitude optimisation by simultaneously taking a number of waypoints into account, along with the fuel costs for any short climbs that may be required.
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As of 2019 research continued in many fields. President Jenkins described his hope that Notre Dame would become "one of the pre-eminent research institutions in the world" in his inaugural address. The university has many multi-disciplinary research institutes, including the Medieval Institute, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Kroc Institute for International Peace studies, and the Center for Social Concerns. Recent research includes work on family conflict and child development, genome mapping, the increasing trade deficit of the United States with China, studies in fluid mechanics, computational science and engineering, supramolecular chemistry,Leotaud, V. R. "Scientists develop technique to reduce cost, environmental impact of mining precious metal", by Valentina Ruiz Leotaud, reporting on study published by the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Mining.
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A video made by a Chinese dietitian has become popular on Internet showing a commonly adopted way to turn boiled water into "high quality pork soup" for hot pot. By adding ethyl maltol, capsicum oleoresin, and Disodium 5’-ribonucleotide into boiled water, fake pork hot pot soup becomes ready to serve in 20 seconds. As investigators dug deeper, it was revealed to the public that many cooks of hot pot restaurants took training programs in China that approved the fraud to reduce cost. Investigators also found antimalarial drugs in the soup to cover the side effects of rotten meat. In the same video, the dietitian also showed a common method to make “beef balls” from bean powder by adding sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7·10H2O) and sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10).
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Quanergy was co-founded in 2012 by Louay Eldada, Angus Pacala (also co-founder of lidar company Ouster), and Tianyue Yu. Headquartered in Sunnyvale, CA; it is a provider of LiDAR sensors and perception software for real-time capture and processing of 3D spatial data and object detection, tracking, identification and classification. Quanergy’s AI_based LiDAR-based sensing solutions address needs in five primary application areas: 3D mapping, security, smart cities & smart spaces, social distancing, industrial automation], and transportation to increase productivity, efficiency, and safety and reduce cost. In April 2020, Kevin Kennedy was appointed CEO in addition to his existing role as Chairman of the Board. Following his appointment, the company raised additional funding, bringing the total funds raised to approximately $195 million.
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181 Built by the Navy's Naval Aircraft Modification Unit, located in the former Brewster Aeronautical Corporation factory in Johnsville, Pennsylvania,Pattillo 1998, p.145 the TD2N-1 was of conventional design, with a monoplane wing and twin-tail configuration; to reduce cost and pressure on strategic materials, it was constructed primarily of wood with some portions of the fuselage being fabric- covered.National Air and Space Museum: Drone, Target, KDN-1 The aircraft was powered by a Westinghouse 9.5 – later redesignated J32 – turbojet engine mounted beneath the airframe. The drone was controlled by a combination of preset navigation and radio command guidance, and was equipped with a parachute recovery system to allow the aircraft to be reused if it was not shot down.
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Consumers come together in order to obtain lower electricity rates by pooling their usage together: e.g. EnPowered. A site that focuses on people joining together to make a group purchase is GroupGets. Other examples include: DYI custom apparel vendor CustomInk and its affiliates T-shirt fundraising site Booster.com, and Represent (custom merchandise from influential celebrities) - which also aggregate demand and reduce cost for groups and occasions ranging from families, Little League teams, animal shelters, nonprofits, #STRONG charitable campaigns, and fan clubs. Another recent development is the growth of the “paint-and-sip” industry which matches public demand for fun activities with excess space at bars and restaurants (e.g. PaintNite “Girls Night Out” and PlantNite events in cities across the U.S.
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Traditionally, pharmaceutical companies preferred to manufacture their own products internally. They were keen on “making” what they “sold” because it provided them with more control of the quality of their products. However, since the pressures to reduce cost these days are high, to save money, the pharmaceutical industry is increasingly outsourcing manufacturing to countries in Asia – where the regulatory standards are evolving and sometimes could lag several years behind the U.S. The science required to transform a new discovery to a marketable new drug has definitely not kept pace with advances on the drug discovery side. Pharmaceutical product development today is more of an art than science. Once the new drug discovery is made, product development and manufacturing are left to traditional “tried and true” practices.
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Extrusion process can be done with the material hot or cold, but most of the metals are heated before the process, if high surface finish and tight tolerances are required then the material is not heated. DFM stands for design for manufacturing, so as the name suggest the design is manufacturing friendly, in simple terms design that can be manufactured easily and cheaply. DFM guidelines define a set of rules for a person designing a product to ease the manufacturing process, reduce cost and time. For example, if a hole is to be drilled, if the designer specifies a standard hole size then it reduces the cost because the drill bits of unusual sizes are not readily available they have to be custom made.
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In October 2003, Liebherr introduced the T 282 B haul truck for large-scale mining operations to reduce cost and increase productivity. The large dump body allowed for each T 282 B operating to carry more material per haul, with fewer trips from loading tool to fill pile. Engineers at Liebherr Mining Equipment Newport News Co. designed the truck to have the largest haul truck payload capacity in the world at the time of release; with one of the lightest Empty Vehicle Weight (EVW) at 261 short tons (237 t), making for a highly productive truck with a relatively low operating cost. The T 282 B requires fewer operating hours to achieve the same level of production as trucks produced by other companies.
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In October 2017 The Financial Times stated that "..officials inside the Ministry of Defence, the Treasury and Royal Navy have long resented the obligation, set a decade ago, to maintain skills and shipbuilding capacity at BAE’s shipyards on the Clyde regardless of naval needs." It quoted Francis Tusa, a defence analyst, who argued that the competition appeared to be designed to break BAE's hold on naval shipbuilding; “Were they to have bid as BAE Systems, they wouldn’t win. That is absolutely obvious. The fact is that the Type 31 is slanted probably to exclude any bid that includes BAE.” However this was denied by the MoD which stated that the competition is designed to improve speed of delivery and reduce cost.
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The first dam to be built at the Wind River Canyon site was actually in 1908, when Asmus Boysen supervised the construction of a small concrete run-of-the-river structure that generated 710 kilowatts of electricity. This early dam, located just downriver of the present Boysen Dam, silted up by 1925 and was removed in 1948. As early as 1904, the Bureau of Reclamation also made investigative forays into the area for the construction of a dam, although a final report was not completed until 1942. Initially, by a suggestion of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Boysen Dam would be built right over the site of the old dam, but the location was changed to about upstream in order to reduce cost.
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Carne had consistently advocated that moving from analogue signalling to digital signalling using the European Train Control System (ETCS) would reduce cost, increase capacity and reliability and improve safety. Carne was presented with an award by 'Women in Rail' in 2018 in recognition of his industry leadership in diversity and inclusion. The number of women employed by Network Rail increased by 30% during CP5 (2014-2019) In October 2017 the statement of funds for the next five year Control Period (CP6) of £47.9 Bln (for England and Wales) was announced. This represented an increase in funding of 25% in the operations, maintenance and renewal of the railway, which came as a welcome surprise to some in the industry who had expected funding would be frozen or reduced.
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Construction of the SIM-VIII employs several new construction solutions designed to reduce cost and streamline production, without compromising aircraft flight characteristics, built mostly of wooden construction with steel fittings at high stress areas. The fuselage is entirely made of wood covered with plywood, and the wings have supporting structure made of wood covered with fabric. On each side, the wings are supported by a pair of inclined struts attached to the lower fuselage longerons, and the fuel tank is also located in the centre fuselage. The control surfaces are made of welded steel tube, covered with fabric and the fixed V-strutted landing gear was built up from high strength steel tube enabling the SIM-VIII to handle rough landing strips.
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FFEA Van Diemen RF01 ChassisA Formula Ford car is one of the more distinctive-looking open-wheel race cars because it does not have wings to create aerodynamic downforce. In order to reduce cost and allow smaller manufacturers to produce their own design of chassis without prohibitive tooling costs, chassis are steel space frame, unlike the monocoques found in other types of single seater racing. The more popular marques were Van Diemen, Mygale and the Australian-built Spectrum, but smaller manufacturers such as Ray Race Cars and Vector have had some success. Historical designers who have made a mark on the series have included: Titan, Lotus, Merlyn, Hawke, Citation, Swift, Euroswift, Elden, Reynard, Crosslé, Lola, Zink, Bowin, Royale, and Cooper Racing.
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For the sauce, originally fresh white tuna (in most restaurants canned tuna is used today to reduce cost and preparation time) is simmered until fully cooked in white wine, cider vinegar, white onion and garlic, and then puréed with a mix of olive and vegetable oil and egg yolks in an electric blender or food processor to form a thick mayonnaise. For the mayonnaise a variety of seasonings can be used, including anchovies, cayenne pepper, capers and lemon juice. The thick, smooth purée is then somewhat thinned with a little water and cooking liquid from the veal and a few capers are stirred in. Some of the sauce is spread out on a serving platter and the cold slices of veal are arranged in a single layer on top.
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It was planned for three phases: complete closure from December 27, 2013 to March 12, 2014 during deck and curb replacement; closures 11pm-5am from March 13, 2014 to late August 2014 for wall panel replacement; and final work until November 2014. McCourt Construction of South Boston was awarded the $19.3 million contract in August. During closures, Logan-bound traffic was diverted into the Ted Williams Tunnel, Tobin Bridge, and Massachusetts Route 1A South via Revere or East Boston. Starting with the Accelerated Bridge Program in the late 2000s, MassDOT began employing accelerated construction techniques, in which it signed contracts with incentives for early completion and penalties for late completion, and used intense construction during longer periods of complete closure to shorten the overall project duration and reduce cost.
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Allan truss The Allan truss, designed by Percy Allan, is partly based on the Howe truss. The first Allan truss was completed on 13 August 1894 over Glennies Creek at Camberwell, New South Wales and the last Allan truss bridge was built over Mill Creek near Wisemans Ferry in 1929. Completed in March 1895, the Tharwa Bridge located at Tharwa, Australian Capital Territory, was the second Allan truss bridge to be built, the oldest surviving bridge in the Australian Capital Territory and the oldest, longest continuously used Allan truss bridge. Completed in November 1895, the Hampden Bridge in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia, the first of the Allan truss bridges with overhead bracing, was originally designed as a steel bridge but was constructed with timber to reduce cost.
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In the same year, Cohen, Rubenstein, and Wanlass published "MTOS four phase clock systems." Wanlass had been director of research and engineering at General Instrument Microelectronics Division in New York since leaving Fairchild Semiconductor in 1964. Lee Boysel, a disciple of Wanlass and a designer at Fairchild Semiconductor, and later founder of Four-Phase Systems, gave a "late news" talk on a four-phase 8-bit adder device in October 1967 at the International Electron Devices meeting. J. L. Seely, manager of MOS Operations at General Instrument Microelectronics Division, also wrote about four-phase logic in late 1967. In 1968 Boysel published an article "Adder on a Chip: LSI Helps Reduce Cost of Small Machine" in Electronics magazine; Four-phase papers from Y. T. Yen also appear that year.
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The primary purpose of the Reference Mission was to stimulate further thought and development of alternative approaches which can improve effectiveness, reduce risks, and reduce cost. Improvements can be made at several levels; for example, in the architectural, mission, and system levels. The report of the Reference Mission Version 3.0 states: > From the work of the original Reference Mission (Version 1.0), the strategy > for the human exploration of Mars has evolved from its original form to one > of reduced system mass, use of a smaller, more reasonable launch vehicle, > and use of more current technology. The steps which have been taken by the > Exploration Team are motivated by the need to reduce the mass of the payload > delivery flights, as well as the overall mission cost, without introducing > additional mission risk.
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The Bermuda Principles is a private accord declaring that all DNA sequence data should be released in publicly accessible databases within 24 hours after generation. Open synthetic biology is a theoretical framework supporting a global ecosystem of responsible and capable research scientists working collaboratively on synthetic biology application development projects to reduce cost, time, and risks of developing new synthetic biology applications (including open synthetic biology therapeutics) from the inception of primary science to applications reaching market readiness and commercial viability. Its general principle is that participating research scientists agree to share research, data, findings and results with the open synthetic biology community and the public generally. The Open SynBio community will set standards and expectations of the participants and their "science to market" process and the community will work collaboratively with downstream stakeholders (e.g.
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In 1978, the federal government required that all states implement Certificate of Need (CON) programs for cardiac care, meaning that hospitals had to apply and receive certificates prior to implementing the program; the intent was to reduce cost by reducing duplicate investments in facilities. It has been observed that these certificates could be used to increase costs through weakened competition.Improving Health Care: A Dose of Competition, Report by the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice, 2004 Many states removed the CON programs after the federal requirement expired in 1986, but some states still have these programs. Empirical research looking at the costs in areas where these programs have been discontinued have not found a clear effect on costs, and the CON programs could decrease costs because of reduced facility construction or increase costs due to reduced competition.
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Continuing to look for ways to reduce cost, the Company applied in November 1902 for a Light Railway Order under the terms of the Light Railways Act 1896. It is not clear what benefit this was expected to give them, but a hearing was held on 31 July 1903 and the Order was refused. The locomotive Ealhswith required an overhaul, and a third locomotive was procured from the Hunslet Engine Company, paying by instalments. In 1902 the GWR made an offer to purchase the line for £45,000. At this time the Company had debts of over £27,000, but they rejected the offer outright, relying on optimistic ideas of improving income on the line and the Directors' willingness to fund necessary outgoing s personally. The offer was repeated in 1904 with an offer of £50,000 but was again rejected.
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Due to the process shrink, it was able to include features that were desirable in cost-sensitive embedded systems. These features include an on-die B-cache and memory controller with ECC support, a functionally limited graphics accelerator supporting up to 8 MB of VRAM for implementing a framebuffer, a PCI controller and a phase locked loop (PLL) clock generator for multiplying a 33 MHz external clock signal to the desired internal clock frequency. The memory controller supported 64 KB to 2 MB of B-cache and 2 to 512 MB of memory. The ECC implementation was capable of detecting 1-, 2- and 4-bit errors and correcting 1-bit errors. To reduce cost, the Alpha 21066 has a 64-bit system bus, which reduced the number of pins and thus the size of the package.
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There are 565 cards, more than twice the number of the original game, including upgradeable cards. Cards vary drastically: some allow the player to attack (Weapon Cards), some provide support such as the ability to dodge an attack (Support Cards), giving the player the ability to perform an action such as the "hold-up" move that incapacitates enemies when the player threatens them from behind or to choke an enemy unconscious (Action Cards), to use items like rations or body armor (Item Cards), or special character cards with varying effects based on the characters they represent (either all from Metal Gear games or other Konami games) such as the Sniper Wolf card with gives the player 40% more accuracy on equipped weapon for one use (Character Cards). Some cards reduce cost or give an extra turns or action points (each card takes up one action point).
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The four of them would finish designing a part or a system, build it, and return to designing. Experimental aircraft innovator Molt Taylor gave the Klapmeiers and Vikens technical advice surrounding the VK-30. resin over the VK-30's fiberglass mold in the basement of their barn, about 1985 The Klapmeier brothers would often fly their Champ from the farm up to their uncle's boat- building business in Mora to borrow tools and other supplies—such as polyester resin—for building the plane and molding its fuselage. To reduce cost, they went to different junk yards around Wisconsin and bought what they needed: a control system out of a wrecked Piper aircraft, a Cherokee nose landing gear to weld parts onto it and convert it to a retractable gear, and an O-540 (290 hp) engine they got off a scrapped de Havilland Heron.
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Andy Evans approached Tom Walkinshaw Racing (TWR) about the possibility of running a full-works IMSA GTP Jaguar sports prototype for the 1991 IMSA GT Championship season, but such a deal proved unworkable. However, as TWR were winding down their project, a deal was struck to instead strip down a Jaguar XJR-16 for use in the IMSA Camel Lights championship. David Fullerton designed the car, dubbed the XJR-17, whilst TWR SVO and Andy Morrison were the constructors. The XJR-16 chassis was stripped down to reduce cost and parts from various Jaguar XJR Sportscars were installed: the front wing came from the XJR-14, the rear wing came from one of the XJR-9, the gearbox casing was a mixture of XJR-11 tunnels and the XJR-16's bellhousing, and the nose was remodelled in the style of the XJR-14, as was the engine inlet.
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A Huntington-Ingalls study found that the NSC would be a better match for the listed mission set while lacking the LCS's mission modules to perform many missions.Ewing, Philip. "Industry view: Why the Navy needs a ‘Patrol Frigate’." DoD Buzz. 28 March 2012. In May 2012, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems released a study that showed seven LCS can more efficiently perform anti-piracy patrols in the Western Indian Ocean than a fleet of 20 conventional ships for a quarter of the cost. To help reduce cost of each ships, in September 2009, Navy Acquisition Chief Sean Stackley and Vice Admiral Barry McCullough indicated that only one contractor would be offered a fixed price contract in 2010 for up to ten ships, followed by an offer to build five additional ships of the same design as the first contract to the secondary builder. The Congress agreed with the Navy on this plan.
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The literal costs of supporting old software is considered a large drawback to the usage of backward compatibility. The associated costs of backward compatibility are a higher bill of materials if hardware is required to support the legacy systems; increased complexity of the product that may lead to longer time to market, technological hindrances, and slowing innovation; and increased expectations from users in terms of compatibility. Because of this, several gaming consoles chose to phase out backward compatibility toward the end of the console generation in order to reduce cost and briefly re-invigorate sales before the arrival of newer hardware. A notable example is the Sony PlayStation 3, as the first PS3 iteration was expensive to manufacture in part due to including the Emotion Engine from the preceding PS2 in order to run PS2 games, since the PS3 architecture was completely different from the PS2.
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In July 1993, President Bill Clinton asked regulators to reform the CRA in order to make examinations more consistent, clarify performance standards, and reduce cost and compliance burden. Robert Rubin, the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, under President Clinton, explained that this was in line with President Clinton's strategy to "deal with the problems of the inner city and distressed rural communities". Discussing the reasons for the Clinton administration's proposal to strengthen the CRA and further reduce red-lining, Lloyd Bentsen, Secretary of the Treasury at that time, affirmed his belief that availability of credit should not depend on where a person lives, "The only thing that ought to matter on a loan application is whether or not you can pay it back, not where you live." Bentsen said that the proposed changes would "make it easier for lenders to show how they're complying with the Community Reinvestment Act", and "cut back a lot of the paperwork and the cost on small business loans".
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IR's Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) undertakes research, design and standardisation. The railway has undertaken several initiatives to upgrade its ageing infrastructure and improve its quality of service. The Indian government plans to invest to upgrade IR by 2020. Infrastructure modernisation projects include high-speed rail, with the first Ahmedabad-Mumbai train in operation in 2022; redevelopment of 400 stations by monetizing of spare railway land under a plan;Railways appoints IRSDC as nodal agency for station redevelopment , Livemint, 5 December 2017. doubling tracks to reduce congestion and delays while improving safety; the refurbishing of 12- to 15-year-old coaches at the Carriage Rehabilitation Workshop in Bhopal to enhance passenger amenities and fire safety; Global Positioning System (GPS)-enabled tracking of trains to improve safety and service; Digital India- driven digitalisation of the railway to improve efficiency and reduce cost; rainwater harvesting, with 1885 systems installed by December 2016;Rain Water Harvesting System In Indian Railway , 7 December 2016.
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Like the American Cancer Society, ACS CAN is devoting a significant portion of its resources to raising public awareness of shortcomings in the US health care system from the perspective of cancer patients. Recently, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, supported by the American Cancer Society and ACS CAN, was signed into law by President Barack Obama and has multiple provisions which will gradually take effect over several years. Under the Affordable Care Act, patients are protected from discrimination by insurance companies against people with pre-existing conditions, such as cancer, and insurance companies can no longer drop a person if he or she gets sick. These provisions ultimately reduce cost burden on patients and their families. Further, the law prohibits companies from denying coverage to children with pre-existing conditions, eliminates lifetime benefit limits and annual benefit limits that can cause sudden termination of health care coverage, and allows children to stay on their parent’s health plan until the age of 26.
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Before the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) was created and implemented, there were many different regulations on hazard classification in use in different countries, resulting in multiple standards, classifications and labels for the same hazard. Given the $1.7 trillion per year international trade in chemicals requiring hazard classification, the cost of compliance with multiple systems of classification and labeling is significant. Developing a worldwide standard accepted as an alternative to local and regional systems presented an opportunity to reduce cost and improve compliance. The GHS development began at the 1992 Rio Conference on Environment and Development by the United Nations also called Earth Summit (1992) when the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), various governments and other stakeholders agreed that "A globally harmonized hazard classification and compatible labelling system, including material safety data sheets and easily understandable symbols, should be available if feasible, by the year 2000".
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The combustor is equipped with patented new-type burners, Wide-angle Swirler, to facilitate stable combustion and more uniform heat distribution at the outlet. To reduce cost, the high-pressure turbine disk is manufactured by forging technique instead of powder metallurgy (PM) employed in the XF5; the material is a nickel-cobalt base superalloy, TMW-24, developed by NIMS, of which heat resistance is comparable to that of PM superalloys. Turbine blades made of a Japanese fifth generation nickel base single-crystal superalloy are friction welded to the disk to form the blisk, which is enclosed in the shroud made of ceramic matrix composites. The afterburner is a new type to eliminate the conventional annular flame holders to improve efficiency. As another characteristic, the XF9-1 incorporates a starter generator that outputs 180 kW, meaning that a twin-engine fighter with this engine can be supplied with as much as 360 kW of electricity by engines alone.
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To reduce cost the reactors share safety systems including containment and the emergency core cooling system. Pickering A station started operations in 1971 at a cost of $716 million (1965). It was followed by the Bruce A station, built in 1977 at a cost of $1.8 billion on the same site as the Douglas Point reactor. Beginning in 1983 four B reactors were added to the existing Pickering units, with all of them sharing the same common infrastructure as the A reactors. The final cost for these four new reactors was $3.84 billion (1986). Likewise for $6 billion, four new reactors were added to the Bruce site starting in 1984, but in a separate building with their own set of shared infrastructure for the new reactors. After a loss of coolant accident occurred at Pickering reactor A2 in August 1983, four of the reactors had their pressure tubes replaced between 1983 and 1993 at a cost of $1 billion (1983). Gentilly-1 (right) and 2 (left) nuclear reactors.
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As a result of the CD price fixing issue, a settlement was reached in 2002 involving the music publishers and distributors; Sony Music, WMG, Bertelsmann Music Group, EMI Music, Universal Music. In restitution for price fixing they agreed to pay a $67.4 million fine and distribute $75.7 million in CDs to public and non- profit groups but admitted no wrongdoing. Looking to reduce its debt load, Time Warner—the corporate successor to Warner Communications—sold Warner Music Group in 2004 to a group of investors led by Edgar Bronfman Jr. for US$2.6 billion. This spinoff was completed on February 27, 2004. In the 2004 transition to independent ownership, WMG hired record industry heavyweight Lyor Cohen from Universal Music Group (the result of the merger between the PolyGram and MCA label families) to attempt to reduce cost and increase performance. Time Warner (now WarnerMedia) no longer retains any ownership in WMG, though it had the option to reacquire up to 20% of WMG for three years following the closing of the transaction.
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Slot 2 refers to the physical and electrical specification for the 330-lead Single Edge Contact Cartridge (or edge-connector) used by some of Intel's Pentium II Xeon and certain models of the Pentium III Xeon. When first introduced, Slot 1 Pentium IIs were intended to replace the Pentium and Pentium Pro processors in the home, desktop, and low-end symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) markets. The Pentium II Xeon, which was aimed at multiprocessor workstations and servers, was largely similar to the later Pentium IIIs, being based on the same P6 Deschutes core, aside from a wider choice of L2 cache ranging from 512 to 2048 KBIn the context to semiconductor memory such as cache, KB refers to 210 bytes and a full-speed off-die L2 cache (the Pentium 2 used cheaper third-party SRAM chips, running at 50% of CPU speed, to reduce cost). Because the design of the 242-lead Slot 1 connector did not support the full-speed L2 cache of the Xeon, an extended 330-lead connector was developed.
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First-generation DRAM ICs (those with capacities of 1 kbit), of which the first was the Intel 1103, used a three-transistor, one-capacitor (3T1C) DRAM cell. By the second-generation, the requirement to increase density by fitting more bits in a given area, or the requirement to reduce cost by fitting the same amount of bits in a smaller area, lead to the almost universal adoption of the 1T1C DRAM cell, although a couple of devices with 4 and 16 kbit capacities continued to use the 3T1C cell for performance reasons (Kenner, p. 6). These performance advantages included, most significantly, the ability to read the state stored by the capacitor without discharging it, avoiding the need to write back what was read out (non- destructive read). A second performance advantage relates to the 3T1C cell has separate transistors for reading and writing; the memory controller can exploit this feature to perform atomic read-modify-writes, where a value is read, modified, and then written back as a single, indivisible operation (Jacob, p. 459).
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As an alternative to bricks, the Committee recommended the use of local hardwood and sandstone for the works, the latter quarried on site, The building committee architect, James Nangle, also recommended the use of concrete for the buildings, which would reduce cost and overcome the problem of transport. James Nangle had worked as an architect in Sydney since 1891, being employed in the design of residential, commercial and industrial projects. His work with the Department of Public Instruction on the design of portable classrooms made him well qualified to sit on the Building Committee for Mount Penang. Nangle's association with the Department was further strengthened through his teaching in the technical education branch from 1890 to the late 1930s. From 1913, he was the Superintendent of the Branch, being instrumental in its move towards a more vocationally orientated approach. The Minister for Public Instruction approved the plans, with a budget set at £12,000 for the main structures. Work commenced on the first day of July 1912, with the boys providing the labour; another cost-cutting measure. To begin with, the boys were accommodated in military-style bell tents while they worked on the construction of their own dormitories.
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The AR-10 was submitted for rifle evaluation trials to the US Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground late in 1956. In comparison with competing rifle designs previously submitted for evaluation, the AR-10 was smaller, easier to fire in automatic, and much lighter. However it arrived very late in the testing cycle, and the army rejected the AR-10 in favor of the more conventional T44, which became the M14. The AR-10's design was later licensed to the Dutch firm of Artillerie Inrichtingen, who produced the AR-10 until 1960 for sale to various military forces. ArmaLite AR-15 M16A1 rifle At the request of the U.S. military, Stoner's chief assistant, Robert Fremont along with Jim Sullivan designed the Armalite AR-15 from the basic AR-10 model, scaling it down to fire the small-caliber .223 Remington cartridge, slightly enlarged to meet the minimum Army penetration requirements. The AR-15 was later adopted by United States military forces as the M16 rifle. After ArmaLite sold the rights to the AR-15 to the Colt Firearms Company, Stoner turned his attention to the AR-16 design. This was another advanced 7.62 mm rifle but used a more conventional piston and a number of stamped parts to reduce cost.
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The Personal Video Recorder (PVR) range uses an on-board MPEG/MPEG-2 encoder to compress the incoming analogue TV signals. The benefits of using a hardware encoder include lower CPU usage when encoding live TV. The first WinTV-PVR product was the WinTV PVR-PCI, launched in late 2000 and not receiving any driver updates since February 2002. It was joined by the WinTV PVR-USB, which has two variants. The first variant supported MPEG-2 streams up to 6 Mbit/s and supported Half-D1 resolutions (320 × 480). This was replaced by an updated model supporting up to 12 Mbit/s streams and Full-D1 resolution (720 × 480). The first WinTV-PVR to gain popularity was the PVR-250. The original version of the PVR-250 was a variant of the Sag Harbor (PVR-350) which used the ivac15 chipset. Although the chipset was able to do hardware decoding the video out components were not included on the card. In later versions of the PVR-250 the ivac15 was replaced with the ivac16 to reduce cost and to relieve heat issues. The PVR-250 and PVR-350 were joined by the USB 2.0 PVR-USB2 to complete their generation of devices.
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Kepler's launch on March 7, 2009 Interior illustration of Kepler A 2004 illustration of Kepler In January 2006, the project's launch was delayed eight months because of budget cuts and consolidation at NASA. It was delayed again by four months in March 2006 due to fiscal problems. At this time, the high-gain antenna was changed from a gimbal-led design to one fixed to the frame of the spacecraft to reduce cost and complexity, at the cost of one observation day per month. The Kepler observatory was launched on March 7, 2009, at 03:49:57 UTC aboard a Delta II rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. The launch was a success and all three stages were completed by 04:55 UTC. The cover of the telescope was jettisoned on April 7, 2009, and the first light images were taken on the next day. On April 20, 2009, it was announced that the Kepler science team had concluded that further refinement of the focus would dramatically increase the scientific return. On April 23, 2009, it was announced that the focus had been successfully optimized by moving the primary mirror 40 micrometers (1.6 thousandths of an inch) towards the focal plane and tilting the primary mirror 0.0072 degree.
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