Nathan Davis's "The Sand Reckoner," a meditation on vast quantities and multitudes for six voices and celesta, supplemented a basic declamation of a text by Archimedes with words of the Wycliffe Bible, William Blake and a French children's counting song.
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Replica of Leibniz's stepped reckoner in the Deutsches Museum. The step reckoner (or stepped reckoner) was a digital mechanical calculator invented by the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz around 1673 and completed in 1694., pp. 38–42, translated and edited from The name comes from the translation of the German term for its operating mechanism, , meaning "stepped drum".
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"Reckoner" was released on Radiohead's 2007 album In Rainbows. It was released as the fourth and final single from the album on 23 September 2008. Radiohead had electronic musicians James Holden, Flying Lotus and Diplo create remixes of "Reckoner". As they had done with their previous single "Nude", Radiohead also released the separate stems from "Reckoner" for fans to remix.
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The Sand Reckoner is the only surviving work in which Archimedes discusses his views on astronomy.
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An arrangement neither are pleased with. Cas next faces danger when she has to undergo the complicated process of birthing the Reckoner pup from its embryonic sac, knowing that if she fails she will likely die with it. The sac is carefully cut open with the Reckoner being safely released into a small pool. With the pup born Cas spends her time either on the training deck with the Reckoner baby she names Bao, or by Swifts side.
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For a ready reckoner to assist in converting O.S. dates to N.S. and vice versa, see this table.
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"House of Cards" and "Bodysnatchers" also received a single release on radio. In September, Radiohead announced a fourth single, "Reckoner". Radiohead held remix competitions for "Nude" and "Reckoner", releasing the separated stems for fans to remix. In April 2008, Radiohead launched W.A.S.T.E. Central, a social networking service for Radiohead fans.
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Journalism's Future Best Honoured by The Star In 2015, The Reckoner was named "Best Electronic Newspaper" once again by the Toronto Star.
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That she will make a good pirate, doing what ever is asked of her; except kill another Reckoner. It is at this point that Santa Elana informs Cas that Swift was the one who poisoned Durga, so a Reckoner killer is unneeded. Made numb by betrayal, Cas frees Bao by drops her Training Beacon into the ocean, and officially joins the Minnow's crew.
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"Reckoner" is a song by English rock band Radiohead, released on 23 September 2008 as the fourth single from their album In Rainbows. It was produced by longtime Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich. The song developed while Radiohead were working on another song, "Feeling Pulled Apart by Horses". "Reckoner" was named one of the best songs of the decade by Pitchfork and the NME.
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Bang Bang Films was ranked among the Top 5 Production Houses in India by advertising agency professionals in The Economic Times supplement, Brand Equity's Agency Reckoner 2014 list.
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Cassandra "Cas" Leung is at a dawn check up of her Reckoner Durga, one of many genetically engineered sea monsters bred and trained by Cas' family business. The Reckoners and their trainers act as paid protection for ships passing through the dangerous NeoPasific ocean. While checking up with Durga, Cas notes that it's making strange noises. She speaks to her mother, the lead biologist working on the Reckoner program, about this issue.
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After a failed suicide attempt, she is brought before the captain of the Minnow, the notorious pirate Santa Elana. Santa Elana presents Cas with a Baby Reckoner, still in an embryonic sac, that she is to train for use by the Minnow against other Reckoners. Cas then becomes the ward of Swift, one of Santa Elana's lieutenants. Swift is to make sure Cas successfully raises the Reckoner pup, and becomes situated within the Minnow's culture.
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The Reckoner of MGCI is the school's newspaper. The Reckoner's website is updated several times a week and a print edition is distributed monthly. With a staff of over eighty students, the site's authors consist of volunteers from all grades who undergo an application process in early September. The Reckoner was named "Best Volunteer Newspaper" at the "Toronto Star High School Newspaper Awards" in 2014 and "Best Electronic Newspaper" in 2011 and 2014.
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In 2012, the band stated they had reunited and were working on the Reckoner album. In 2014, he later rejoined Haste the Day, being featured on the band's 2015 release, Coward.
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Cas and Bao are often locked in the training deck together as Cas nurtures the infant Reckoner. Cas and Swift are made similarly inseparable by the consent threat of Cas being murdered or assaulted by a pirate in Swifts absence. Despite this danger, Cas is successful in bringing Bao into adolescence, with the Reckoner now able to swim in the open ocean. The danger has also done little to stop Cas from bonding with Swift and Santa Elana's other Lieutenants.
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The OK Computer version was inspired by Al Green, and featured a Hammond organ, a "straighter" feel, and different lyrics. During the early sessions for In Rainbows, Colin Greenwood wrote a new bassline for the song, which, according to Godrich, "transformed it from something very straight into something that had much more of a rhythmic flow". Radiohead performed a song with the working title "Reckoner" in 2001. During the In Rainbows sessions, they abandoned the original "Reckoner" and created a new song with the same name.
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It was followed by "Nude" on 31 March, which debuted at number 37 on the Billboard Hot 100; it was Radiohead's first song to enter the chart since "High and Dry" (1995) and their first US top 40 since "Creep". "House of Cards" and "Bodysnatchers" were released to radio. In September, Radiohead released the final single, "Reckoner", using the music video created by one of the Aniboom competition winners. Radiohead held remix competitions for "Nude" and "Reckoner", releasing the separated stems for fans to remix.
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Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam ibn Muḥammad Ibn Shujāʿ (Latinized as Auoquamel, , also known as al-ḥāsib al-miṣrī--lit. "the Egyptian reckoner") (c. 850 – c. 930) was an Egyptian mathematician during the Islamic Golden Age.
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Shaken from their encounter, Cas and Swift spend the night in each other's company. Code is later executed by being fed to Bao, much to Cas' horror. Swift confronts Cas after she runs from the site of the execution, calling her a hypocrite for being appalled by the murder of Code by a Reckoner but not by the thousands who died at the hands of Reckoner Justice. In the ensuing fight Swift admits to caring deeply for Cas, a notion Cas rejects due to the power imbalance innate to their relationship.
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Radiohead performed an early version of "Feeling Pulled Apart by Horses", then titled "Reckoner", in 2001, which Yorke likened to heavy metal. Pitchfork described this version as a "droning rocker", and Rolling Stone wrote that it featured "one of the loudest and most sinister riffs in Radiohead's catalog". In 2005, Yorke performed the song solo on acoustic guitar at a Trade Justice Movement show. Working on the song for their 2007 album In Rainbows, Radiohead added a coda that became a different song with the same name, "Reckoner".
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On August 4, 2016, Trenches released an instrumental track, "The Death of All Mammoths", from the upcoming album, Reckoner. The band in November 2017, announced their new drummer, Dyllen Jerome Nance. On September 8, 2018, the band announced that Nance was recording the drums for the album's single, "The Death of All Mammoths", once again. During the Coronavirus pandemic, the band became much more active and began finishing Reckoner as a six-piece lineup, signing with Noise Order Collective and announced the release date of September 16, 2020.
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The "Reckoner" music video was created by Clement Picon, who entered an online competition to create a video for the song and was awarded $10,000. Yorke described his video as "one of my favourite video things that has ever happened".
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135–48; Linton (2004), pp.38–9). The work of Aristarchus's in which he proposed his heliocentric system has not survived. We only know of it now from a brief passage in Archimedes's The Sand Reckoner. but received no support from most other ancient astronomers.
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Archimedes dedicated to him his treatise The Sand Reckoner, in which he addresses him by the title of king.Archimedes Arenarius p. 319. ed Torell. The coins referred by earlier writers to the elder Gelon are admitted by some numismatists to belong to this prince.
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Thoth, the reckoner of time and god of writing who was also venerated as a god of wisdom, was closely identified with Seshat, with whom he shared some overlapping functions. At times she was identified as his daughter, and at other times as his wife.
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Arthur Griffith left Indiana University after five months, wrote a book of his methods, entitled The Easy and Speedy Reckoner, and toured the vaudeville circuit until his death, allegedly of a stroke, in a Springfield, Massachusetts hotel room at age 31 on Christmas Day, 1911.
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Despite the mechanical flaws of the stepped reckoner, it suggested possibilities to future calculator builders. The operating mechanism, invented by Leibniz, called the stepped cylinder or Leibniz wheel, was used in many calculating machines for 200 years, and into the 1970s with the Curta hand calculator.
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz built a machine called the stepped reckoner based on the design of the stepped drum in 1694.Ifrah, p. 125 (2001) It was made famous by Thomas de Colmar when he used it, a century and a half later, in his Arithmometer, the first mass-produced calculating machine.Chase, p.
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The song "Reckoner" from Radiohead's In Rainbows was used to play over the film's final credits. Palahniuk had said that the band would be writing the score for the film but a spokesman for the band later said that this was incorrect. The official soundtrack was released on iTunes on September 23, 2008.
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Notably, the polymath Archimedes (c. 287–212 BCE) invented a decimal positional system in his Sand Reckoner which was based on 108 and later led the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss to lament what heights science would have already reached in his days if Archimedes had fully realized the potential of his ingenious discovery.
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Only context could differentiate them. The polymath Archimedes (ca. 287–212 BC) invented a decimal positional system in his Sand Reckoner which was based on 108 and later led the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss to lament what heights science would have already reached in his days if Archimedes had fully realized the potential of his ingenious discovery.Menninger, Karl: Zahlwort und Ziffer.
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Hasib (also spelled Haseeb, Hasip, or Hasyb) () is an Arabic masculine given name. The name means "noble", "respected" or "reckoner". The name is mentioned in the Quran as Al-Hasib, translated as The Bringer of Judgement, one of the Names of God in Islam. The name is sometimes styled Abdul-Hasib; the prefix Abdul meaning servant, denoting subservience to God.
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The Lebor Gabála Érenn interprets his epithet as meaning "the reckoner of Tara", saying that "by him was 'reckoning' first made in Ireland".R. A. Stewart Macalister (ed. & trans.), Lebor Gabála Érenn: The Book of the Taking of Ireland Part V, Irish Texts Society, 1956, p. 283-287 Geoffrey Keating gives his epithet as Tuirbeach, "ashamed", because of the incestuous conception of Fíacha.
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The band's national debut was during a performance at the Cornerstone Festival, the subsequent year. Trenches was to perform, in 2009, at the same festival, yet they were replaced on the line-up listing. Since then, Hook and Chastain have left the band, and drummer, Zach Frizzell, joined the band. The band is currently working on a new album, titled, Reckoner.
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Her mother suggests that her concerns are just nervousness for her first mission as Reckoner trainer. Cas begrudgingly relents. The next day Cas boards the Nereid, a luxury cruise ship she is tasked to protect with Durga. As the days move forwards Cas grows increasingly concerned with Durga's heath, as its strange noises grow to violent tremors and the water becomes thick with its blood.
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In 2000 she wrote her first science fiction novel, The Wrong Reflection, about an amnesiac who finds his given identity of "Paul Anderson" to be a fabrication. This was followed by historical novel The Sand- Reckoner, a telling of the story of Archimedes of Syracuse, Italy, from his studies at the Library of Alexandria to his involvement in the Second Punic War (218 – 202 BC).
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Stepped reckoner mechanism with the housing removed Leibniz got the idea for a calculating machine in 1672 in Paris, from a pedometer. Later he learned about Blaise Pascal's machine when he read Pascal's Pensees. He concentrated on expanding Pascal's mechanism so it could multiply and divide. He presented a wooden model to the Royal Society of London on 1 February 1673 and received much encouragement.
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Around 1640, Blaise Pascal, a leading French mathematician, constructed a mechanical adding device based on a design described by Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria. Then in 1672 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invented the Stepped Reckoner which he completed in 1694., p.38-42, translated and edited from In 1837 Charles Babbage first described his Analytical Engine which is accepted as the first design for a modern computer.
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Military Law and Writs was brought out by Major J.L. Obheroi in 2003 as author and publisher. The voluminous work – spread over 30 chapters – was meant to assist the practitioners of military law by providing them with a ready reckoner to deal with writ petitions. It also contained relevant case law. It covered the whole spectrum of one's service conditions, rights, duties and obligations.
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On the EP Florine, she uses a loop station and pedals to create minimalist repetition accompanied by layers of vocals and synthesizers. In 2010, Barwick was commissioned to remix "Reckoner" by Radiohead. During the next year, she released an album of improvisational music with Ikue Mori. She recorded her first full-length album The Magic Place on a rehearsal stage because it was sound proof and because it had a piano.
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Companies like Friden, Marchant Calculator and Monroe made desktop mechanical calculators from the 1930s that could add, subtract, multiply and divide. In 1948, the Curta was introduced by Austrian inventor Curt Herzstark. It was a small, hand-cranked mechanical calculator and as such, a descendant of Gottfried Leibniz's Stepped Reckoner and Thomas's Arithmometer. The world's first all-electronic desktop calculator was the British Bell Punch ANITA, released in 1961.
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310 BCE – c. 230 BCE) was the first to advance a theory that the earth orbited the sun. Further mathematical details of Aristarchus' heliocentric system were worked out around 150 BCE by the Hellenistic astronomer Seleucus of Seleucia. Though Aristarchus' original text has been lost, a reference in Archimedes' book The Sand Reckoner (Archimedis Syracusani Arenarius & Dimensio Circuli) describes a work by Aristarchus in which he advanced the heliocentric model.
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This "stepped reckoner" attracted fair attention and was the basis of his election to the Royal Society in 1673. A number of such machines were made during his years in Hanover by a craftsman working under his supervision. They were not an unambiguous success because they did not fully mechanize the carry operation. Couturat reported finding an unpublished note by Leibniz, dated 1674, describing a machine capable of performing some algebraic operations.
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In The Sand Reckoner, Archimedes gives his father's name as Phidias, an astronomer about whom nothing else is known. Plutarch wrote in his Parallel Lives that Archimedes was related to King Hiero II, the ruler of Syracuse. A biography of Archimedes was written by his friend Heracleides, but this work has been lost, leaving the details of his life obscure. It is unknown, for instance, whether he ever married or had children.
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Claude Perrault, p. 38 (1700). Pascal's calculator was the most successful mechanical calculator developed in the 17th century for the addition and subtraction of large numbers. The stepped reckoner had a problem in the carry mechanism after more than two consecutive carries, and the other devices had carry mechanisms (one tooth wheel) that were limited in their capacity to carry across multiple digits or had no carry mechanism in between the digits of the accumulator.
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Cas also learns that it was fabian who supplied Santa Elana with a Reckoner pup, and is likely responsible for the death of Durga. Santa Elana gives Cas three days to make Bao combat ready and fight off the mainland attack. It takes her one day. The first attack from the mainland comes early in the form of a squadron of quad-copters, which are shot down by the Minnow or swatted out of the air by Bao.
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In the episode "Reckoner", Lawrence Pressman guest-starred as Boyd Schuller, a terminally ill court judge who hires Tony Mecacci to commit a series of vigilante murders. Kristina Klebe appears in the episode "Outfoxed" as Miranda Jakar. In the episode "Hopeless", Clayne Crawford and Blake Shields guest-starred as C. Vincent and J.R. Baker, a gang of thrill killers known as "Turner's Group." Wade Williams guest-starred as Detective Andrews, who leads the investigation of the murders.
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There are numerous extra curricular activities at Marc Garneau. Some of the clubs include chapters of DECA, MGCI EcoTeam, MGCI Muslim Student Association, Student Council, The Reckoner of MGCI, and the Key Club. The school has had several first and second-place finishes in the International DECA Competition. Garneau provides students with a wide variety of sports teams including: Football, Rugby, Basketball, Soccer, Volley Ball, Baseball, Field Hockey, Ultimate Frisbee, Cricket, Tennis, and an annual ball hockey tournament.
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In 1896 he founded the Mathematical-Mechanical Institute in Berlin-Friedenau, where he developed and built mathematical instruments and surveying instruments. In 1900, he received the gold medal for his instruments at the World Exposition in Paris. Around 1889 he developed the calculation machines Gauss and Berolina inspired in part by the Gauss computing machine of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and the stepped reckoner drum. In 1907, his institute was taken over by Mercedes Büromaschinen in Berlin.
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In the 5th century BC in ancient India, the grammarian Pāṇini formulated the grammar of Sanskrit in 3959 rules known as the Ashtadhyayi which was highly systematized and technical. Panini used metarules, transformations and recursions. In the 3rd century BC, Archimedes used the mechanical principle of balance (see Archimedes Palimpsest#Mathematical content) to calculate mathematical problems, such as the number of grains of sand in the universe (The sand reckoner), which also required a recursive notation for numbers (e.g., the myriad myriad).
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Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2001. TCD is widely used by British crossword solvers and setters, and by Scrabble players (though it is no longer the official Scrabble dictionary). It contains many more dialectal, archaic, unconventional and eccentric words than its rivals, and is noted for its occasional wryly humorous definitions. Examples of such definitions include those for éclair ("a cake, long in shape but short in duration") and middle-aged ("between youth and old age, variously reckoned to suit the reckoner").
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Thomas started to work on his machine in 1818 while serving in the French Army where he had to do a great deal of calculations. He made use of principles from previous mechanical calculators like the stepped reckoner of Leibniz and Pascal's calculator. He patented it on November 18, 1820. This machine implemented a true multiplication where, by just pulling on a ribbon, the multiplicand entered on the input sliders was multiplied by a one-digit multiplier number and it used the method for subtracting.
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In July, Radiohead paid tribute to Johnson at their first concert after the collapse, in Nîmes, France, performing their single "Reckoner" as an encore while screens showed images of Johnson. Selway's second solo album, Weatherhouse (2014), and Radiohead's ninth album, A Moon Shaped Pool (2016), are dedicated to Johnson. Johnson's parents used royalties from Keane's charity EP Upstairs At United – Vol. 5, along with almost £3500 raised by Radiohead fans and £1200 of church and family donations, to create the Scott Johnson Bursary Fund.
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It was originally discovered from the air as anomalous terrain by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. It was first excavated in 2004. The pits align on the south east horizon and a prominent topographic point associated with sunrise on the midwinter solstice (thus providing an annual astronomical correction concerning the passage of time as indicated by the Moon, the asynchronous solar year and the associated seasons). The Aberdeenshire time reckoner predates the Mesopotamian calendars by nearly 5,000 years.
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On the Sphere and Cylinder, Measurement of a Circle, On Conoids and Spheroids, On Spirals, On the Equilibrium of Planes, The Quadrature of the Parabola, and The Sand Reckoner. The manuscript consists of 82 folio leaves, is held in the collection of the Biblioteca Riccardiana and is a copy of the translation of the Archimedean corpus made by Italian humanist Iacopo da San Cassiano.Paolo d'Alessandro e Pier Daniele Napolitani, Archimede latino.Iacopo da San Cassiano e il corpus archimedeo alla metà del Quattrocento, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2012.
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The Public Defender is a 1931 pre-Code crime film directed by J. Walter Ruben, starring Richard Dix and featuring Boris Karloff. Rich playboy Pike Winslow dons the mantle of 'The Reckoner', a mysterious avenger, when he learns that his lady friend Barbara Gerry's father has been framed in a bank embezzlement scandal. Using meticulous planning and split-second timing, Pike, along with his associates, the erudite 'Professor' and tough-guy scrapper 'Doc', attempt to find proof that will clear Gerry and identify the real culprits.
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The work of Aristarchus' in which he proposed his heliocentric system has not survived. We only know of it now from a brief passage in Archimedes' The Sand Reckoner. but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus' heliocentrism attracted little attention—possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic period. It was not until the 16th century that a mathematical model of a heliocentric system was presented, by the Renaissance mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic cleric Nicolaus Copernicus, leading to the Copernican Revolution.
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Archimedes' description of Aristarchus' theory is given in the former's book, The Sand Reckoner. The entire description comprises just three sentences, which Thomas Heath translates as follows:Heath (1913, p. 302). The italics and parenthetical comments are as they appear in Heath's original. Aristarchus presumably took the stars to be very far away because he was aware that their parallaxThat is, an apparent movement of the stars relative to the celestial poles and equator, and to each other, caused by the Earth's revolution around the Sun.
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The first geometrical, three-dimensional models to explain the apparent motion of the planets were developed in the 4th century BC by Eudoxus of Cnidus and Callippus of Cyzicus. Their younger contemporary Heraclides Ponticus proposed that the Earth rotates around its axis. In the 3rd century BC Aristarchus of Samos was the first to suggest a heliocentric system. Archimedes in his treatise The Sand Reckoner revives Aristarchus' hypothesis that "the fixed stars and the Sun remain unmoved, while the Earth revolves about the Sun on the circumference of a circle".
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Accordingly, he eventually designed an entirely new machine called the Stepped Reckoner; it used his Leibniz wheels, was the first two-motion calculator, the first to use cursors (creating a memory of the first operand) and the first to have a movable carriage. Leibniz built two Stepped Reckoners, one in 1694 and one in 1706.Jean Marguin, p. 64-65 (1994) Only the machine built in 1694 is known to exist, it was rediscovered at the end of the 19th century having been forgotten in an attic in the University of Göttingen.
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Elephant Design has been named India's Number 1 Design Agency in (2014, 2017, 2018) in the Brand Equity Agency Reckoner published by The Economic Times, India. In 2018, they were awarded the Design House of the Year by Lexus India for their packaging work for PaperBoat's range of traditional drinks. In the space of retail design, they won two consecutive VMRD awards for Best Retail Design for QSR chains Venky's Xprs & Krustys Bistro. Their long-time partnership with Axis Bank was instrumental in getting them the CMO Asia Award for Impactful Retail & Merchandising Program.
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Further, Krishnaraja Wodeyar provided new fillip to the artists of the Mysore school through his Magnum opus Sritattvanidhi, which would remain the ready reckoner on Mysore style for many years to come. On the walls of Jagan Mohan Palace, Mysore (Karnataka), the fascinating range of paintings which flourished under Krishnaraja Wodeyar can be seen; from portraits of the Mysore rulers, their family members and important personages in Indian history, through self-portraits of the artists themselves which Krishnaraja Wodeyar coaxed them to paint, to murals depicting the Hindu pantheon and Puranic and mythological scenes.
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He recorded on their first Three release and decided to leave in 2005, being replaced by ex-New Day Awakening vocalist Stephen Keech. A year after leaving Haste the Day, Ryan formed Trenches with Phil Hook, Eli Larch Chastain, Bill Scott, and Joel David Lauver. In 2008, the band released their debut album The Tide Will Swallow Us Whole through Solid State Records. The band stated on their Facebook page they were working on a New EP that was to be titled, Reckoner, but Lauver's personal page stated that Trenches had disbanded.
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Map of the South West Coast Path South West Coast Path, stone sign near Studland The route is described here anticlockwise, from Minehead to Poole. The distance and total ascent between any two points, in either direction, can be obtained from The South West Coast Path Association Distance Reckoner. A survey carried out in 1999 and 2000 found that at that time the path had 2,473 signposts or waymarks, and included 302 bridges, 921 stiles, and 26,719 steps. In practice, any such calculation is soon out of date because of path diversions due to landslips or access changes.
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He published in 1757 a New Naval History, with lives and portraits, dedicated to Admiral Edward Vernon. In 1763 he published a General History of the Late War. He issued in 1765 his New Spelling Dictionary; each edition comprised twenty thousand copies; in 1766 he brought out an edition of William Maitland's Survey of London with additions. In 1771 appeared his New Latin and English Dictionary and an English Grammar; and he is credited with a Ready Reckoner, pamphlets on freemasonry, and a share both in the new Week's Preparation and the new Whole Duty of Man.
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He first tried to build a machine that could multiply automatically while sitting on top of the Pascaline, assuming (wrongly) that all the dials on Pascal's calculator could be operated at the same time. Even though this could not be done, it was the first time that a pinwheel was described and used in the drawing of a calculator. He then devised a competing design, the Stepped Reckoner which was meant to perform additions, subtractions and multiplications automatically and division under operator control. Leibniz struggled for forty years to perfect this design and produced two machines, one in 1694 and one in 1706.
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Nevertheless, large numbers have an intellectual fascination and are of mathematical interest, and giving them names is one of the ways in which people try to conceptualize and understand them. One of the earliest examples of this is The Sand Reckoner, in which Archimedes gave a system for naming large numbers. To do this, he called the numbers up to a myriad myriad (108) "first numbers" and called 108 itself the "unit of the second numbers". Multiples of this unit then became the second numbers, up to this unit taken a myriad myriad times, 108·108=1016.
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The Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos was the first known individual to propose a heliocentric model of the universe. Though the original text has been lost, a reference in Archimedes' book The Sand Reckoner describes Aristarchus's heliocentric model. Archimedes wrote: > You, King Gelon, are aware the universe is the name given by most > astronomers to the sphere the center of which is the center of the Earth, > while its radius is equal to the straight line between the center of the Sun > and the center of the Earth. This is the common account as you have heard > from astronomers.
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In The Quadrature of the Parabola, Archimedes proved that the area enclosed by a parabola and a straight line is times the area of a triangle with equal base and height. He expressed the solution to the problem as an infinite geometric series, whose sum was . In The Sand Reckoner, Archimedes set out to calculate the number of grains of sand that the universe could contain. In doing so, he challenged the notion that the number of grains of sand was too large to be counted, devising his own counting scheme based on the myriad, which denoted 10,000.
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It is a ratio in the order of about 1080 to 1090, or at most one ten-billionth of a googol (0.00000001% of a googol). Carl Sagan pointed out that the total number of elementary particles in the universe is around 1080 (the Eddington number) and that if the whole universe were packed with neutrons so that there would be no empty space anywhere, there would be around 10128. He also noted the similarity of the second calculation to that of Archimedes in The Sand Reckoner. By Archimedes's calculation, the universe of Aristarchus (roughly 2 light years in diameter), if fully packed with sand, would contain 1063 grains.
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In his text The Sand Reckoner, the natural philosopher Archimedes gives an upper bound of the number of grains of sand required to fill the entire universe, using a contemporary estimation of its size. This would defy the then-held notion that it is impossible to name a number greater than that of the sand on a beach or on the entire world. In order to do that, he had to devise a new numeral scheme with much greater range. Pappus of Alexandria reports that Apollonius of Perga developed a simpler system based on powers of the myriad; was 10,000, was 10,0002 = 100,000,000, was 10,0003 = 1012 and so on.
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In The Sand Reckoner, Archimedes set out to calculate the number of grains of sand that the universe could contain. In doing so, he challenged the notion that the number of grains of sand was too large to be counted. He wrote: > There are some, King Gelo (Gelo II, son of Hiero II), who think that the > number of the sand is infinite in multitude; and I mean by the sand not only > that which exists about Syracuse and the rest of Sicily but also that which > is found in every region whether inhabited or uninhabited. To solve the problem, Archimedes devised a system of counting based on the myriad.
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In 2003, Narayan was invited to sing at a small state dinner for the first official visit of President George W. Bush to the UK. Narayan sang for and met Queen Elizabeth II, the Royal Family, and President George W. BushThey sang for Bush and the Queen! and Colin Powell. He also sang for then Senator John Kerry's presidential campaign, sponsored by Senator Hillary Clinton,Bombay Dreams: A reckoner as well as elsewhere with Cyndi Lauper, The Band's Garth Hudson and Martha Wainwright. As a recording artist, Narayan has collaborated on and recorded original and cover tracks for feature film soundtracks including The Love Guru, A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song, Good Night Good Morning and Walkaway.
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Eventually Swift leads them to a secluded rooftop where they speak about Swifts history as a pirate and being the breadwinner of her family. On their way back to the Minnow Cas is spotted by Fabian Murphey, an associate of her mother. Fabian tries to grab onto Cas, but she is pulled away by swift and the two escape the man by jumping off the Flotilla and into the ocean. Back on the ship, Santa Elana explains to her crew that Fabian will likely inform the mainland military that the Minnow has a Reckoner in its arsenal, and that they can expect an attack on their ship by the military in about three days.
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Nor were these jokes invented recently. There is still extant Archimedes' book on The Sand Reckoner; in which he reports that Aristarchus of Samos propounded the paradox that the sun stands still and the earth revolves around the sun. Even though subtle experts institute many investigations for the sake of exercising their ingenuity, nevertheless public proclamation of absurd opinions is indecent and sets a harmful example." Melanchthon went on to cite Bible passages and then declare "Encouraged by this divine evidence, let us cherish the truth and let us not permit ourselves to be alienated from it by the tricks of those who deem it an intellectual honor to introduce confusion into the arts.
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The pay-what-you-want release, the first for a major act, made headlines around the world and sparked debate about implications for the music industry. Radiohead promoted In Rainbows with webcasts, remix and music video competitions, a worldwide tour, and videos for the singles "Jigsaw Falling into Place", "Nude", "House of Cards" and "Reckoner". The retail release topped the UK Albums Chart and the US Billboard 200, and by October 2008 In Rainbows had sold over three million copies worldwide. It received critical acclaim, winning Grammy Awards for Best Alternative Music Album and Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package, and was ranked one of the best albums of the year and the decade by various publications.
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A page from a ready reckoner published in 1854 allowing at-a-glance conversion between Jersey currency and three other currencies in use at the time The livre was the currency of Jersey until 1834. It consisted of French coins which, in the early 19th century, were exchangeable for sterling at a rate of 26 livres = 1 pound. After the livre was replaced by the franc in France in 1795, the supply of coins in Jersey dwindled leading to difficulties in trade and payment. In 1834, an Order in Council adopted the pound sterling as Jersey's sole official legal tender, although French copper coins continued to circulate alongside British silver coins, with 26 sous equal to the shilling.
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Philolaus (4th century BCE) was one of the first to hypothesize movement of the Earth, probably inspired by Pythagoras' theories about a spherical, moving globe. Aristarchus of Samos, in the 3rd century BCE, proposed what was, so far as is known, the first serious model of a heliocentric Solar System, having developed some Heraclides Ponticus' theories (speaking of a "revolution of the Earth on its axis" every 24 hours). Though his original text has been lost, a reference in Archimedes' book The Sand Reckoner (Archimedis Syracusani Arenarius & Dimensio Circuli) describes a work in which Aristarchus advanced the heliocentric model. Archimedes wrote: It is a common misconception that the heliocentric view was rejected by the contemporaries of Aristarchus.
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Canon logarithmorum As the common log of ten is one, of a hundred is two, and a thousand is three, the concept of common logarithms is very close to the decimal-positional number system. The common log is said to have base 10, but base 10,000 is ancient and still common in East Asia. In his book The Sand Reckoner, Archimedes used the myriad as the base of a number system designed to count the grains of sand in the universe. As was noted in 2000:Ian Bruce (2000) "Napier’s Logarithms", American Journal of Physics 68(2):148, doi: 10.1119/1.19387 :In antiquity Archimedes gave a recipe for reducing multiplication to addition by making use of geometric progression of numbers and relating them to an arithmetic progression.
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Curta Type II mechanical calculator Curta Type I, on display at the Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris. A partially disassembled Curta calculator, showing the digit slides and the stepped drum behind them Curta Type I calculator, top view Curta Type I calculator, bottom view Curta Type I calculator shown in the operational position: held by the left hand, with the crank to be turned by the right hand The Curta is a small mechanical calculator developed by Curt Herzstark. The Curta's design is a descendant of Gottfried Leibniz's Stepped Reckoner and Charles Thomas's Arithmometer, accumulating values on cogs, which are added or complemented by a stepped drum mechanism. It has an extremely compact design: a small cylinder that fits in the palm of the hand.
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Ananda Vikatan Weekly, Madras (Aug 1969) Ravi Shankar is said to have declared "If you don't believe in God, look at Ravikiran",Page 253 of "Another Garland, Biographies of Carnatic Composers and Musicians" - N Rajagopalan 1992. and he was awarded a scholarship from The Madras Music Academy at the age of 2.The Hindu 29 Dec, 1969 Soon after, he was presented at leading institutions such as Shanmukhananda Fine Arts, Bombay and Tyagaraja Sabha, Coimbatore.Times of India, Bombay, 4 April 1971 "Ravi – the Raga Reckoner" Following intense training under his father, Chitravina Narasimhan, Ravikiran debuted as a vocalist in 1972, when he was five years old, in Coimbatore and performed at concerts in Madras, Mysore and Bangalore until he was 10.
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With Huygens as his mentor, he began a program of self-study that soon pushed him to making major contributions to both subjects, including discovering his version of the differential and integral calculus. He met Nicolas Malebranche and Antoine Arnauld, the leading French philosophers of the day, and studied the writings of Descartes and Pascal, unpublished as well as published. He befriended a German mathematician, Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus; they corresponded for the rest of their lives. Stepped reckoner When it became clear that France would not implement its part of Leibniz's Egyptian plan, the Elector sent his nephew, escorted by Leibniz, on a related mission to the English government in London, early in 1673.Mackie (1845), 69–70 There Leibniz came into acquaintance of Henry Oldenburg and John Collins.
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An individual particle in this range size is termed a sand grain. Sand grains are between gravel (with particles ranging from 2 mm up to 64 mm by the latter system, and from 4.75 mm up to 75 mm in the former) and silt (particles smaller than 0.0625 mm down to 0.004 mm). The size specification between sand and gravel has remained constant for more than a century, but particle diameters as small as 0.02 mm were considered sand under the Albert Atterberg standard in use during the early 20th century. The grains of sand in Archimedes' The Sand Reckoner written around 240 BCE, were 0.02 mm in diameter. A 1938 specification of the United States Department of Agriculture was 0.05 mm.Urquhart, Leonard Church, "Civil Engineering Handbook" McGraw-Hill Book Company (1959) p.
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Variety wrote that "Despite a cast that “reunites” some of Hindi cinema’s biggest names, the long-awaited “Hum tumhare hain sanam,” which finally preemed in late May, reps a major disappointment, of interest offshore only to Bollywood historians". Empire Online noted that "Love triangles are a common device in Bollywood flicks, and sadly, Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam has nothing new to offer". A critic from Radio Times stated that "Nuance isn't a Bollywood speciality, and there's little in the way of subtle shading here but, with its impressive all-star cast and songs from some of India's leading composers, this enjoyable melodrama can't be beaten for big, bold emotion". The Times of India wrote that "The film is a ready reckoner for everything that should be avoided in a good film".
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The refugees are led safely out of the city, and David ponders why Regalia plans to destroy the city she has seemed to care for and help grow all along. After finally being able to connect with Val and meeting with Prof, who is in isolation to keep his powers at bay (they nearly overtook him after greatly exerting them), David runs into Megan, who snuck into the Reckoner base via their submarine, the two talk, and it's revealed that Megan hasn't been using her powers, and her Epic powers have been at bay. David and Megan finally embrace and kiss. Megan reveals that she is not, in fact, an illusion-making Epic, but can pull semi-real objects and people from alternate universes, and her weakness was fire.
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It was the law of 31 July 1920 which clarified the question of subsidies available from the State. A "ready reckoner" was issued and stated inter alia that the amount of any subsidy would be linked to the number of deaths per 1 00 inhabitants and also took into account the amount of revenues available to any commune; in other words the wealth of any given commune would be taken into account when calculating any subsidy. One fact which emerges from a study of the monument aux morts of the Somme is that for the most part they avoid any expression of triumphalism but adopt a sombre and reflective tone with a marked concentration on the portrayal of grief. Another fact worth noting is that communes tended where possible to choose a sculptor or marbrier who was local to their area.
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The original text has been lost, but a reference in Archimedes' book The Sand Reckoner (Archimedis Syracusani Arenarius & Dimensio Circuli) describes a work in which he advanced the heliocentric model as an alternative hypothesis to geocentrism: Aristarchus suspected the stars were other suns that are very far away, and that in consequence there was no observable parallax, that is, a movement of the stars relative to each other as the Earth moves around the Sun. Since stellar parallax is only detectable with telescopes, his accurate speculation was unprovable at the time. It is a common misconception that the heliocentric view was held as sacrilegious by the contemporaries of Aristarchus. Lucio Russo traces this to Gilles Ménage's printing of a passage from Plutarch's On the Apparent Face in the Orb of the Moon, in which Aristarchus jokes with Cleanthes, who is head of the Stoics, a sun worshipper, and opposed to heliocentrism.
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David and Exel delve into the lore of 'Dawnslight', a believed good Epic who watches over the city and grants it with glowing lights on the spraypaint on the side of the walls of buildings, as well as filling the interiors of the city's skyscrapers with luscious, jungle-like greenery and fruit to feed the people. However, the conversation is cut short when it's discovered that Obliteration is sitting on top of a rooftop in Babilar, collecting up heat from the sun, most likely in an effort to vaporize the city. David keeps in touch with Megan via text, and Prof (who is thinking of a plan to stop Obliteration from destroying the city) becomes suspicious that he's putting her in front of the mission to end Regalia's reign over Babilar, and even threatens to send him back to Newcago. Prof leaves David still unsure if his presence helps or hinders the Reckoner team.
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Ancient writers refer to other works of Apollonius that are no longer extant: # Περὶ τοῦ πυρίου, On the Burning-Glass, a treatise probably exploring the focal properties of the parabola # Περὶ τοῦ κοχλίου, On the Cylindrical Helix (mentioned by Proclus) # A comparison of the dodecahedron and the icosahedron inscribed in the same sphere # Ἡ καθόλου πραγματεία, a work on the general principles of mathematics that perhaps included Apollonius's criticisms and suggestions for the improvement of Euclid's Elements # Ὠκυτόκιον ("Quick Bringing-to-birth"), in which, according to Eutocius, Apollonius demonstrated how to find closer limits for the value of than those of Archimedes, who calculated as the upper limit and as the lower limit # an arithmetical work (see Pappus) on a system both for expressing large numbers in language more everyday than that of Archimedes' The Sand Reckoner and for multiplying these large numbers # a great extension of the theory of irrationals expounded in Euclid, Book x., from binomial to multinomial and from ordered to unordered irrationals (see extracts from Pappus' comm. on Eucl. x., preserved in Arabic and published by Woepke, 1856).
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Algorithms for performing computations have existed since antiquity, even before the development of sophisticated computing equipment. Wilhelm Schickard designed and constructed the first working mechanical calculator in 1623. In 1673, Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated a digital mechanical calculator, called the Stepped Reckoner. Leibniz may be considered the first computer scientist and information theorist, for, among other reasons, documenting the binary number system. In 1820, Thomas de Colmar launched the mechanical calculator industryIn 1851 when he invented his simplified arithmometer, the first calculating machine strong enough and reliable enough to be used daily in an office environment. Charles Babbage started the design of the first automatic mechanical calculator, his Difference Engine, in 1822, which eventually gave him the idea of the first programmable mechanical calculator, his Analytical Engine. He started developing this machine in 1834, and "in less than two years, he had sketched out many of the salient features of the modern computer". "A crucial step was the adoption of a punched card system derived from the Jacquard loom" making it infinitely programmable.
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