Radiograms (a portmanteau of radio and gramophone), were popular through the 1960s, but eventually became outmoded.
|
|
By contrast, Guryeva funneled names of potential Columbia recruits to Moscow Center via radiograms or electronic messages concealed by special software.
|
|
The American Amateur radio community uses EMERGENCY, PRIORITY, WELFARE and ROUTINE precedence levels for ARRL Radiograms sent through National Traffic System nets.
|
|
Kolster-Brandes later went on to make mid-range electronics such as radios, radiograms, televisions, tape recorders, amplifiers and gramophones. KB made a large number of radios and radiograms, a few models of which were the 285, 422 Cavalcade, 666 and the CG20. The company also made a popular selection of record players which include the Playtime, Gaytime, Dancetime, Tunetime and Rhythm, the last two of which are valve operated.
|
|
Castiglioni's watch designed for Alessi The RR126 stereo system Achille Castiglioni (; 16 February 1918 – 2 December 2002) was an Italian designer of furniture, lighting, radiograms and other objects.
|
|
Message precedence is an indicator attached to a message indicating its level of urgency, and used in the exchange of radiograms in radiotelegraph and radiotelephony procedures. Email header fields can also provide a precedence flag.
|
|
The Military Affiliate Radio System uses radiograms, or MARSgrams, to transmit health & welfare message between military members and their families, and also for emergency communications. Some MARS radio procedure documents include instructions on how to exchange ARRL NTS Radiograms over a MARS radio net. Both formats include a procedure for counting the number of word groups (words in NTS, groups in the ACP/MARS format), but differ in how word groups are counted, for instance, so the counting method must be resolved when converting messages between formats.
|
|
Police radiograms had their own format, likely derived from the commercial radiogram format. Example radiogram from A National Training Manual and Procedural Guide for Police and Public Safety Radio Communications Personnel, 1968. 15 SHRF LEE COUNTY ILL 12-20-66 (A. Preamble) PD CARBONDALE ILL (B.
|
|
Since radiograms were manufactured in such huge numbers they are not as rare or valuable as TV sets or table radios from the same period. An exception to this are models from certain manufacturers which have become collectable such as Hacker Radio Ltd., Dynatron, Blaupunkt, Braun, and SABA.
|
|
Astor Records was an Australian recording company and recorded music distributor that operated from the 1960s to the early 1980s. Astor was the trade name of the consumer electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation Pty. Ltd, a division of Electronic Industries Ltd., and made Astor radios, radiograms and television sets.
|
|
For amateur radio nets, it's typically for the purpose of allowing stations to discuss their recent operating activities (stations worked, antennas built, etc.) or to swap equipment. For Military Auxiliary Radio System and National Traffic System nets, net business will involve mainly the passing of formal messages, known as radiograms.
|
|
For amateur radio nets, it's typically for the purpose of allowing stations to discuss their recent operating activities (stations worked, antennas built, etc.) or to swap equipment. For Military Auxiliary Radio System and National Traffic System nets, net business will involve mainly the passing of formal messages, known as radiograms.
|
|
It is also used by the NTSD (digital) portion of the ARRL's National Traffic System (NTS) to pass digital ARRL Radiograms. Newer PACTOR modes are used to transfer large binary data files and Internet e-mail, particularly via the Winlink global e-mail system. The SailMail network transfers e-mail on behalf of marine stations.
|
|
Radiograms are typically employed for conducting Record communications, which provides a message transmission and delivery audit trail. Sometimes these records are kept for proprietary purposes internal to the organization sending them, but are also sometimes legally defined as public records. For example, maritime Mayday/SOS messages transmitted by radio are defined by international agreements as public records.
|
|
However, the limited information still assisted the Germans in their own independent efforts and they too were able to crack the Black Code. Beginning in mid-December 1941 Germany was able to read the reports of Bonner Fellers, U.S. military attaché in Cairo.Jenner, pp. 170 & 199 Fellers' radiograms provided detailed information about troop movements and equipment to the Axis.
|
|
Integrated audio equipment has a long history, beginning with the integration of the record player and the wireless receiver. Such units were usually called radiograms or stereograms. Very often these were designed as items of household furniture, with a large wooden cabinet on legs. These units were originally monaural, and featured a single integrated loudspeaker in the main body of the cabinet.
|
|
Hacker made many mono record players, most of which could be converted to stereo with the purchase of a matching amplified loudspeaker; the GP15 Cavalier, GP42 Gondolier and GP45 Grenadier being commonly encountered examples. They also made a number of radiograms, and later music centres with matching loudspeakers and badge-engineered cassette decks from Japanese manufacturers including Sanyo and Nakamichi.
|
|
Console televisions were originally accommodated in approximately rectangular radiogram style cabinets and included radio and record player facilities. However, from approximately the mid-1970s onwards, as radiograms decreased and Hi-fi equipment increased in popularity, console televisions became more cuboid in shape and contained most commonly television, and radio receiving features, and less commonly the addition of an eight track player. .
|
|
Lyman, Lauren D. "Lindbergh Family Sails for England To Seek a Safe, Secluded Residence; Threats on Son's Life Force Decision". The New York Times, December 23, 1935, p. 1. and even after the identity of their ship became known radiograms addressed to Lindbergh on it were returned as "Addressee not aboard". They arrived in Liverpool on , then departed for South Wales to stay with relatives.
|
|
Braun Table Radiogram, Model SK5, c 1962 Granada Radiogram, c 1960s In British English, a radiogram is a piece of furniture that combined a radio and record player. The word radiogram is a portmanteau of radio and gramophone. The corresponding term in American English is console. Radiograms reached their peak of popularity in the post-war era, supported by a rapidly growing interest in records.
|
|
"Radiograms: Minstrels to Sing for Amateurs", Cleveland Plain Dealer, August 25, 1921, page 7. The 8ACS programs were soon recognized as providing "exceptional wireless entertainment", and B. Dreher's Sons Company donated a Steinway grand piano for use in the station's studio."Steinway Tone Heard by Radio" The Music Trades, November 26, 1921, page 19. In October the Cleveland Radio Association concerts moved to Thursday nights.
|
|
Later models took on the modern lines, piano gloss finish and plastic and gilt trim of the 1960s. Stereogram versions became available to take advantage of stereo records. As valve radio development ended in the late 1960s and transistors began to take over, radiograms started to become obsolete. By the late 1970s, they had been replaced by more compact equipment, such as the hi-fi and the music centre.
|
|
In July 1911, Dr. E. S. Worrall refers to the utilisation of apparatus to produce radiograms in very short exposure times, a half or a quarter of a second. Worrall stated that in 1896, a typical exposure was 15 minutes. Worrall employed equipment supplied by Messrs. K. Schall and Son and hoped to achieve exposure times of 1/100th or 1/250th of a second or even less.
|
|
Kutsik and Pereverzeva pleaded guilty to "conspiring to act as an unregistered agent of a foreign country." They appeared to be an ordinary married couple with two young children. However, US authorities allege that they had both been spying for Russia in the US since at least 2004. They received specially coded radio transmissions at their high-rise Seattle apartment, and the FBI secretly entered their home, where they found random numbers used to decode the "radiograms".
|
|
During the 1950s and 1960s, the company produced excellent FM/AM tuners and audio amplifiers. Most of this valve-based audio equipment used circuits based on the Circlotron principle. Combined with Garrard or Thorens record players, it was also proposed in high-end, expensive radiograms like the Chairside and the Pro Arte models featuring the Thorens TD124 with the Ortofon arms and cartridges. The shah of Iran was among the proud owners of a Pro Arte set.
|
|
These fields include the message's priority, the callsign of the station of origin (the amateur radio operator who placed the message onto the message net), the date and time of origin, contact information of the message's recipient, as well as the callsign of the station that delivered the message. The headers' purpose and order is logical and intuitive enough that many amateur radio operators have memorized it and in extremis can transmit and receive radiograms without referring to the form.
|
|
The term "property-owning democracy" was coined in the 1920s, and three million houses were built during the 1930s. Land, labour and materials were cheap: a bungalow could be purchased for £225 and a semi for £450. The middle class also bought radiograms, telephones, three-piece suites, electric cookers, vacuum cleaners and golf clubs. They ate Kellogg's Corn Flakes ("never miss a day"), drove to Odeon cinemas in Austin Sevens (costing £135 by 1930) and smoked Craven A cigarettes, cork-tipped "to prevent sore throats".
|
|
PFS is widely used in oncology. The definition of "progression" generally involves imaging techniques (plain radiograms, CT scans, MRI, PET scans, ultrasounds) or other aspects: biochemical progression may be defined on the basis of an increase in a tumor marker (such as CA125 for epithelial ovarian cancer or PSA for prostate cancer). change in the radiological aspect of a lesion is defined according to RECIST criteria. Progression may also be due to the appearance of a new lesion or to unequivocal progression in other lesions.
|
|
A radiogram is a formal written message transmitted by radio. Also known as a radio telegram or radio telegraphic message, radiograms use a standardized message format, form and radiotelephone and/or radiotelegraph transmission procedures. These procedures typically provide a means of transmitting the content of the messages without including the names of the various headers and message sections, so as to minimize the time needed to transmit messages over limited and/or congested radio channels. Various formats have been used historically by maritime radio services, military organizations, and Amateur Radio organizations.
|
|
In medicine and dentistry, projectional radiography and computed tomography images generally use X-rays created by X-ray generators, which generate X-rays from X-ray tubes. The resultant images from the radiograph (X-ray generator/machine) or CT scanner are correctly referred to as "radiograms"/"roentgenograms" and "tomograms" respectively. A number of other sources of X-ray photons are possible, and may be used in industrial radiography or research; these include betatrons, and linear accelerators (linacs) and synchrotrons. For gamma rays, radioactive sources such as 192Ir, 60Co or 137Cs are used.
|
|
Meetings were held the house of Battal Battalov, where upon providing Alime with information she would radio the intelligence department of the North Caucasian Front. From the start of the operation in Dzermai-Kashik to 19 October, 16 radiograms were sent out to the Red Army, well above the requirement of two per week. In total the underground organization sent out over 80 intelligence transmissions, resulting in higher losses among German troops. On 13 December 1943 Major Athekhovsky, head of the second reconnaissance department at the headquarters of the North Caucasian Front nominated Abdenanova and Gulyachenko for the Order of the Red Banner.
|
|
Dr. Sidney Farber, founder of Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, and his colleagues achieved the first remissions in Wilms' tumor in the 1950s. By employing the antibiotic actinomycin D in addition to surgery and radiation therapy, they boosted cure rates from 40 to 89 percent. The use of computed tomography scan for the diagnosis of Wilms' tumor began in early 1970s, thanks to the intuition of Dr. Mario Costici, an Italian physician. He discovered that in the direct radiograms and in the urographic images, you can identify determining elements for a differential diagnosis with the Wilms' tumor.
|
|
It was taken over by Thorn Electrical Industries in the late 1950s, but the Ferguson name continued to be used by Thorn, and its successor Thorn EMI. Throughout the company's early history, Ferguson products were very popular across its wide customer base. By the early 1960s its wide product range included a most comprehensive range of audio and TV equipment. Small, battery- operated portable transistor radios to solid oak 6 ft wide hydraulic lid radiograms sporting fully automatic stackable Garrard turntables, multi- channel radios and 2-foot-wide stereo speakers were commonplace in many UK households.
|
|
Visual representation of traffic passing of ARRL radiograms between various nets, from Wisconsin to California. The National Traffic System (NTS) is an organized network of amateur radio operators sponsored by the American Radio Relay League for the purpose of relaying messages throughout the U.S. and Canada.ARRL Public Service Communications Manual 2 March 2010 During normal times, these messages are routine greetings ("Happy birthday Aunt Mary") and keep the system well oiled and the operators trained so that everything works when needed. When there is an emergency or disaster NTS works closely with the Amateur Radio Emergency Service to provide emergency communications.
|
|
8 November was a Friday, so he took advantage of the weekend to repeat his experiments and made his first notes. In the following weeks, he ate and slept in his laboratory as he investigated many properties of the new rays he temporarily termed "X-rays", using the mathematical designation ("X") for something unknown. The new rays came to bear his name in many languages as "Röntgen rays" (and the associated X-ray radiograms as "Röntgenograms"). At one point while he was investigating the ability of various materials to stop the rays, Röntgen brought a small piece of lead into position while a discharge was occurring.
|
|
Brehmer was born 1938 in Berlin After school he graduated from 1957 to 1959 as a process engraver and as early as 1959 he first made etchings. The training was followed from 1959 to 1961 by the study of graphics at the Werkkunstschule Krefeld, now in the class of, a disciple of . Beginning in 1961, he started using photographic films, radiograms, and block prints, and further studied graphics at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, where he worked until 1963 with Coester. After a year's residence in Paris at the studio of Stanley William Hayter, he returned to Berlin, and dedicated himself to various types of graphic design.
|
|
The Hacker brothers, Ron (born 1908) and Arthur (born 1910), shared a strong interest in radio, and started a company producing high quality radiograms and wireless receivers at the ages of just 19 and 17 respectively. As they were too young to become directors of a company, the firm was set up using their father's name, Harry Hacker, in 1927. The firm began in a room above the family grocery shop on Maidenhead High Street, and the first product emerged in 1928 - the Dynatron U53 radiogram. A factory was built in the large rear garden of the family house "Little Gables" in Ray Lea Road in Maidenhead, measuring just 50 by 25 feet initially, but extended several times.
|
|
To help address this problem, the Service Regulation's Article XXXII specified that "Coastal stations engaged in the transmission of long radiograms shall suspend the transmission at the end of each period of 15 minutes, and remain silent for a period of three minutes before resuming the transmission. Coastal and shipboard stations working under the conditions specified in Article XXXV, par. 2, shall suspend work at the end of each period of 15 minutes and listen in with a wave length of 600 meters during a period of three minutes before resuming the transmission." During distress working all non-distress traffic was banned from 500 kHz and adjacent coast stations then monitored 512 kHz as an additional calling frequency for ordinary traffic.
|
|
The first diagrid tower was built for the All-Russia Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod in 1896, and later was bought by Yury Nechaev- Maltsov, famous manufacturer of the city. Shukhov was responsible for constructions of a new types of lighthouses, masts, water and transmission towers. Broadcasting tower at Shabolovka has become one of the diagrid structures in the form of a rotated hyperboloid. The Khodynka radio station, built in 1914, couldn't longer handle the increasing amount of radiograms. On July 30, 1919, Vladimir Lenin signed a decree of the Council of Workers' and Peasants' Defense, which demanded “to install in an extremely urgent manner a radio station equipped with the most advanced and powerful devices and machines”, sufficiently to ensure the security of the country and constant communication with other republics.
|
|
Ekco Electronics Avro Anson XI at Blackbushe Airport in 1954, the company's trademark on its tail It is estimated that by 1945 EKCO had over 8,000 people working for it across various sites making mains and portable TVs, mains and portable radios, radiograms, tape recorders, car radios, electric heaters, thermovent heaters, electric blankets, plastic toilet seats, various plastic utensils, plastic bathroom fittings and 'Superbath' baby-baths. It was at one of those sites in Malmesbury, Wiltshire that in 1948 production of the 'Thermotube' tubular heaters started. In 1947, the company introduced the Wireless Set No. 88 VHF man-pack transceiver for use by the British Army. Ekco bought the Dynatron business in 1954Dynatron Museum - History and the Ferranti brown goods brand in 1957 (though not Ferranti's heavy industries, defence electronics or meter businesses).
|
|
Many of the earliest programs originated from a mixture of amateur and experimental stations. The amateurs in the Cleveland area were particularly well organized, and in early May 1921 the Cleveland Radio Association announced that its members had inaugurated a weekly Friday evening series of live concerts, transmitted on the standard amateur wavelength of 200 meters (1500 kHz) by a rotating roster of local amateur stations."Radiograms: Last Concert is Voted a Success", Cleveland Plain Dealer, May 12, 1921, page 8. Soprano singer Carolina Hudson Alexander broadcasting over 8ACS in November 1921 Warren R. Cox made his first contribution to the series on August 26, 1921, operating amateur station 8ACS at 3138 Payne Avenue S. E.The leading "8" in 8ACS's call sign denoted that the station was located in the eighth Radio Inspection district.
|
|
In the United States, the Wireless Ship Act of 1910, which required that most passenger vessels plying U.S. ports carry radio equipment, also specified that they had to be willing to communicate "with shore or ship stations using other systems of radio- communication"."Wireless Ship Act", Annual Report of the Commissioner of Navigation to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1911, page 48. The Radio Act of 1912 instituted radio station licensing, and further required that shore stations open to general public service "shall be bound to exchange radiograms with any similar shore station and with any ship station without distinction of the radio system adopted by such stations"."Regulations Governing Commercial Radio Service Between Ship and Shore Stations", United States Army Manual No. 2-A, 1914, page 104.
|
|
The label was started by the Radio Corporation of New Zealand Limited (RCNZ), which manufactured Columbus and Courtenay radios and radiograms, sold through their Columbus Radio Centre 30 retail outlets. The Managing Director and founder of RCNZ, Mr W. Marks (born William MarkovDiscogs - Radio Corporation of NZ Ltd), was single minded in concentrating the development of the company on the design and manufacture of radios and apart from some wartime production this was the case until his death in late 1946. Following his death his eldest son Alex became Managing Director and the Directors and executives realised that the company needed to expand and recording was chosen as a new venture. Fred Green, RZNZ Production Manager, approached Stan Dallas, then at radio station 2ZB, to set up a recording studio to record advertisements for the advertising industry which was to be the main business of TANZA.
|
|