In 1969, Rawls (along with fellow philosopher Stanley Cavell) made the formal proposal to the Harvard faculty to adopt an African American Studies program, and student radicals recall that he personally bailed them out of jail during a 1969 student strike against the Vietnam War and in favor of a panoply of radicalisms.
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The moment for abstract solutions and promises of gradual change has long since passed; no longer can even the most aloof, sheltered elites honestly deny the disastrous statuses quo, societal as well as environmental, that capitalistic overreach, empty 'Third Way' ideals, and failed neoliberal agendas have brought about, with all the electoral volatilities, economic uncertainties, refugee crises, radicalisms, recessions, repressions, and xenophobic outcries that have by now collectively become one and the same quaking political landscape.
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Bulgarian Communist leader Georgi Dimitrov headed the Comintern in 1934 and presided until its dissolution. Geoff Eley summed up the change in attitude at this time as follows: > By the Fifth Comintern Congress in July 1924 [...] the collapse of Communist > support in Europe tightened the pressure for conformity. A new policy of > "Bolshevization" was adopted, which dragooned the CPs toward stricter > bureaucratic centralism. This flattened out the earlier diversity of > radicalisms, welding them into a single approved model of Communist > organization.
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On 20 June 1923, Karl Radek gave a speech before the Comintern in which he proposed a common front with the Nazis in Germany. However, the two radicalisms were mutually exclusive and they later become profound enemies. While fascism is opposed to Bolshevism, both Bolshevism and fascism promote the one-party state and the use of political party militias. Fascists and communists also agree on the need for violent revolution to forge a new era, and they hold common positions in their opposition to liberalism, capitalism, individualism and parliamentarism.
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The work coincided with the Testi's conversion to the Marxism, and was followed by other compositions highlighting social and political concerns, including the Neruda setting Canto a las madres de los milicianos muertos (1967) and Cori di Santiago (1975). Testi's operas evolve towards junctures of violent scenic-musical realism. L’albergo dei poveri (1966) displays a clearly characteristic attitude of rough dramatic purpose, confirmed in Il sosia (1981) and Riccardo III (La Scala, 1987), works which probe intensely into the psychology of their characters. In general Testi's style, rather than adhering to the radicalisms of the post-Webern avant garde, re-elaborates and reflects, not without eclecticism, certain crucial 20th-century achievements, from Stravinsky and Bartók to early Schoenberg.
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Bennett (1996), whilst not accepting Rohl's thesis, suggests that such out-of- hand rejection may be inappropriate in Rohl's case, since "there is a world of difference between [Rohl's] intellectual standing and that of Velikovsky, or even Peter James" since, unlike "popular radicalisms" such as those of Velikovsky, Bauval or Hancock, "Rohl has a considerable mastery of his material." Professor Amélie Kuhrt, head of Ancient Near Eastern History at University College, London, in one of the standard reference works of the discipline, states: > An extreme low chronology has been proposed recently by a group devoted to > revising the absolute chronology of the Mediterranean and Western Asia: P. > James et al., Centuries of Darkness, London, 1991; similar, though slightly > diverging revisions, are upheld by another group, too, and partly published > in the Journal of the Ancient Chronology Forum. The hub for the dating of > other cultures is Egypt, so much of the work of both groups focuses on > Egyptian evidence.
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