172 Sentences With "queenship" | Random Sentence Generator

Sansa earned her queenship — she never claimed it as just her right.

Across the sea, Dany burns down all the Khals when they try to force her to retire from queenship.

Dana Nicole Bongiovanni and Eduardo Garcia were married April 22009 at the Queenship of Mary Church in Plainsboro, N.J. Msgr.

Dana Nicole Bongiovanni and Eduardo Garcia were married April 27 at the Queenship of Mary Church in Plainsboro, N.J. Msgr.

The evidence of Nefertiti's unique queenship is literally carved into Amarna artwork, which is considered to be as revolutionary as their new religion.

The broader focus is on the personal struggles of the royal family, not least those of Elizabeth (Claire Foy) as she feels her way into queenship.

There are at least three published studies on queenship among the Visigoths.

J. L. Laynesmith, The Last Medieval Queens: English Queenship 1445-1503, (Oxford University Press, 2004), 207 n143.

157 fig. 2a, 163 fig. 8d, 187 fig. 14. Almost nothing is known of queenship in the Isles.

Joanna L. Laynesmith (née Chamberlayne) is a scholar of medieval studies, focusing on medieval queenship. Her book: The Last Medieval Queens: English Queenship 1445-1503 (Oxford University Press, , ) jointly won the Longman- History Today Book of the Year Prize in 2005 and the Women's History Network (UK) Book Prize in 2004. She obtained her doctorate (her thesis on English queenship, 1445–1503) from University of York's Centre for Medieval Studies in 1999, and has taught at York, Reading and Oxford Universities. She is married to the Reverend Mark Laynesmith (né Smith).

William G. Most, a Catholic author, sees in the gebirah a type of Mary.Most, William G. "Mary's Queenship", Our Lady in Doctrine and Devotion, 1994.

J. Nelson, "Scottish Queenship in the Thirteenth century", in B. K. U. Weiler, J. Burton and P. R. Schofield, eds, Thirteenth-Century England (London: Boydell Press, 2007), , pp. 66–7.

Stands for Mary, a figure in the Catholic religion, who is the patroness of the school. The crown which adorns the top of the letter represents her queenship of heaven.

Queenship of Mary Church parish in Chintadripet, Chennai, India, was started in 1904 when it was known as St. Lazarus Church. Earlier, it had been a sub- station of St. Anthony's Church, Pudupet. A new church was built in 1952 with the name Queenship of Mary; it was consecrated on 18, December 1955 by Auxiliary Bishop Francis Arthur Carvalho, of Madras and Mylapore. Under the supervision of Reverend M. V. Jacob, a new church was constructed on 1 October 2003.

Nobody had participated in the life of her son more, than Mary, who gave birth to the Son of God. The word "Queen" is common during and after the sixth century.Most, William G. "Mary's Queenship", Our Lady in Doctrine and Devotion, 1994 Hymns of the 11th to 13th centuries address Mary as queen: “Hail, Holy Queen,” “Hail, Queen of Heaven,” “Queen of Heaven.” The Dominican rosary and the Franciscan crown as well as numerous invocations in Mary’s litany celebrate her queenship.

Originally this parish was dedicated to St. Lazarus, after the Second Vatican Council, it was rededicated to the Queenship of Mary on 18 December 1955, on the recommendations of the Sacred Congregation of Rites.

Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660–1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) Funds were raised to finance the return of Pescatori to Parma, but the queen continued to postpone it.

Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) Nonetheless, Maria Vittoria never became very intimate with the Queen; in 1726 she and Fleury speculated about who would replace Marie if she should die in childbirth.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) Maria Vittoria saw her son marry Landgravine Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg, whose sister Caroline of Hesse had married the disgraced Duke of Bourbon in 1728, in 1740.

IV. Stockholm: Hörbergska Boktryckeriet, 1852, p. 120 Six years later, he became king after the assassination of Sverker, and Christina became the Queen of Sweden. Her queenship probably lasted for four years, from 1156 to 1160.

Recent evidence has shown that he intervened with Queen Eleanor of Provence, wife of Henry III, on behalf of converts and the religious.Margaret Howell, Eleanor of Provence: Queenship in Thirteenth-Century England, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998), pp92–4.

She used her closeness with George III to keep herself informed and to make recommendations for offices.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660–1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) Apparently her recommendations were not direct, as she on one occasion, in 1779, asked her brother Charles to burn her letter, because the King suspected that a person she had recently recommended for a post was the client of a woman who sold offices.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660–1815: The Role of the Consort.

Fieschi was related distantly, by affinity, to Henry III; his sister had married Thomas II of Savoy, who was a cousin of Henry's wife, Eleanor of Provence.Howell, Margaret (1998). "Eleanor of Provence: Queenship in 13th Century England", p. 154\.

On 8 September 1953, the encyclical Fulgens corona announced a Marian year for 1954, the centennial of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception.AAS 1953, p. 577 In the encyclical Ad caeli reginam he promulgated the Queenship of Mary feast.AAS 1954, p.

Groups of laity and clergy, what has been called "a small but growing movement", continue to operate for proclaiming the dogma of the universal mediation of Mary.Mark Miravalle, 1993, Introduction to Mary. Queenship Publishing. page 51 One such group calls itself Vox Populi Mariae Mediatrici.

Monument for Otto IV on the Siegesallee Otto IV married twice, but died childless. In 1262, he married Heilwig, the daughter of Count John I of Holstein-Kiel and Elisabeth of Saxony.Theresa Earenfight, Queenship in Medieval Europe, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 173. She died in 1305.

Mary was never in danger of losing her life under Anne Boleyn's queenship, it was in fact under Jane Seymour's queenship that she feared for her life when she was forced to sign a document saying that her parents' marriage was invalid and she was a bastard. Also, despite popular myth, there is no proof that Jane Seymour actively worked for Mary's reinstatement as a princess. She was rather passive and did nothing to help Mary while she was forced to the document. The novel also displays Mary having to wear shabby dresses for a period because the king does not send her new ones as she outgrows her attire.

Females are hard to distinguish morphologically except for their level of ovary development, which generally increases with their age. Females are the default workers of R. marginata, but they may also rise to queenship by taking over a resident queen, founding a new colony, or adopting an abandoned one.

In some cases, all adult wasps will be absent from a nest when a migrant finds it. Females sometimes adopt these abandoned nests and take over queenship in variable numbers of foundresses. This has been observed to be more common in predator-protected vespiaries than in the field.

Pope Pius XII instituted the feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in 1944 to be celebrated on 22 August,Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 94 coinciding with the traditional octave day of the Assumption. (In 1969, Pope Paul VI moved the celebration of the Immaculate Heart of Mary to the Saturday immediately after the Solemnity of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.) Coronation of the Salus Populi Romani icon in Rome by Pope Pius XII in 1954, in association with his announcement of new Marian feast for the Queenship of Mary. In the October 11, 1954, encyclical Ad Caeli Reginam, he introduced a new Marian feast, the Queenship of Mary.

Margaret Howell, Eleanor of Provence: Queenship in Thirteenth-Century England, p.300 Mary's parents granted her £100 per year for life (approximately £ in ); she also received double the usual allowance for clothing and a special entitlement to wine from the stores,Berenice M. Kerr, Religious life for women, c.1100-c.

Almost nothing is known of queenship in the Isles.McDonald (2007b) p. 163. The precise identity of the half- brothers' shared father-in-law is uncertain.McDonald (2019) pp. 60–61; Oram (2013); McDonald (2007b) pp. 116–117. The chronicle describes him as a nobleman from Kintyre,McDonald (2019) pp. 60, 66; McDonald (2016) p.

In Indian astrology, the Moon is called Chandra or Soma and represents the mind, queenship and mother. The north lunar node (called Rahu) and the south lunar node (called Ketu) are considered to be of particular importance and are given an equal place alongside the seven classical planets as part of the nine navagraha.

Adelaide was one of the most politically active of all France's medieval queens.Facinger, 'Study of Medieval Queenship'. Her name appears on 45 royal charters from the reign of Louis VI.Huneycutt, 'Creation of a Crone,' p. 28. During her tenure as queen, royal charters were dated with both her regnal year and that of the king.

Natalie Mears, Queenship and Political Discourse in the Elizabethan Realms (2005), p. 242. He then faced charges in the Court of High Commission, including forgery of a will.History of the Catholic Church from the Renaissance to the French Revolution, Volume 2 - Part IV He was deprived of his see in 1593, dying shortly afterwards.

Crowned statue of Our Lady of Sorrows, Warfhuizen, the Netherlands. The four ancient Marian antiphons of the Liturgy of the Hours express the queenship of Mary: the Salve Regina, the Ave Regina caelorum, the Alma Redemptoris Mater, and the Regina Caeli. These are prayed at different times of the year, at the end of Compline.

She married Infante Philip, younger son of Philip V of Spain, who inherited the Duchy of Parma from his mother in 1748, thereby founding the House of Bourbon- Parma. In secondary sources she is referred to also as "Louise Élisabeth of France".Campbell Orr, C. (ed.) Queenship in Europe 1660–1815: the role of the consort.

Facinger, 'Study of Medieval Queenship', pp. 28-9. Among many other religious benefactions, she and Louis founded the monastery of St Peter's (Ste Pierre) at Montmartre, in the northern suburbs of Paris.Huneycutt, 'Creation of a Crone,' p. 30. After Louis VI's death, Adelaide did not immediately retire to conventual life, as did most widowed queens of the time.

Cambridge University Press (2004) Anne Marie was crowned with him in Sicily. At the death of her eldest son in 1715, both she and Victor Amadeus fell into severe depression and left the capital to mourn, leaving Marie Jeanne to handle their official duties.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort.

She married Frederick Augustus, Duke of Saxony, the younger brother of the elector, John George IV, on 20 January 1693 at age 21. The marriage was purely political and highly unhappy. Augustus considered her boring, while she was shocked and hurt by his constant infidelity.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660–1815: The Role of the Consort.

Coat of arms of Pope Pius XI. Miserentissimus Redemptor is the title of an encyclical by Pope Pius XI, issued on May 8, 1928 on reparation to the Sacred Heart.Burke, Raymond. 2008, Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons,seminarians, and Consecrated Persons, Queenship Publishing page 489. This encyclical deals with the concepts of Acts of Reparation and atonement.

During the queenship of Marie de' Medici, he was a personal friend of the queen's favorites Concino Concini and Leonora Dori. When he died in Paris in 1615, riots broke out because of rumors about magicians caused by his refusal to receive sacrament on his deathbed, which was also the subject of a libel against him, denouncing him as a sorcerer.

Pope Pius XII consecrated the human race to the Immaculate Heart on December 8, 1942. In 1944 he extended the feast to the universal Church and set its date of celebration on August 22. Because August 22 is now the feast of the Queenship of Mary, the feast of the Immaculate heart is celebrated the day after the Sacred Heart.

Antonio R. Tobias as Bishop of Novaliches and appointed Rev. Fr. Roberto O. Gaa as his successor. On August 22, 2019 (Memorial of the Queenship of Mary), he was ordained and consecrated as a member of the Sacred Order of Bishops at the Manila Cathedral, by His Eminence Luis Antonio G. Cardinal Tagle with Most Rev. Mylo Hubert C. Vergara and Most Rev.

The union also ensured Fergus the protection of one of Britain's most formidable fleets, and gave him a valuable ally then outwith the orbit of the Scottish king.Oram, RD (1988) p. 80. queen gaming piece of the so-called Lewis chessmen.Caldwell; Hall; Wilkinson (2009) p. 157 fig. 2a, 163 fig. 8d, 187 fig. 14. Almost nothing is known of queenship in the Isles.

Co. Colonies are started more frequently from May to July when food is abundant and less frequently from December to February when temperatures are colder. Each colony has one reproductive female, a queen, and that position can be taken by adopting an abandoned nest, taking over queenship at an existing nest, or starting a new nest alone or with other foundresses.

She married her second husband John of Vilaragut in 1415. In secret, she gave birth to a son in 1416, whose name was Joan Jeroni de Vilaragut (1416–1452).Núria Silleras-Fernández: Widowhood and Deception: Ambiguities of Queenship in Late Medieval Crown of Aragon – 14 August 2011 John died in 1422 and Margaret entered the monastery of Bonrepòs. She died in 1429.

Meredith Morgan was a Welsh Anglican priest in the 16th century."Queenship and Political Discourse in the Elizabethan Realms" Natalie Mears, N. p242: Cambridge; CUP; 2005 Morgan was educated at Jesus College, Oxford.Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714, Mordaunt-Mytton He held Livings at Compton Beauchamp and Llanwrthwl. He was appointed Archdeacon of Carmarthen in 1583, a post he held until his death on 4 December 1612.

The Georgian sources speak of Mirian’s two marriages. His first wife was Abeshura, daughter of the last Arsacid Iberian king who also traced his ancestry to the ancient Pharnabazid dynasty of Iberia. She died without issue when Mirian was 15 years old, in 292 according to Toumanoff. With her death, "the kingship and queenship of the Pharnabazid kings came to an end in Iberia",—the chronicler continues.

127, argues the marriage took place during the queenship of Catherine Howard, likely between the summers of 1540 and 1541, he married secondly Margaret Garneys, daughter of Sir John Garneys, of Kenton. They had two children: # Sir Edward Devereux, of Castle Bromwich, married Catherine Arden. They were parents of Walter Devereux, 5th Viscount Hereford, ancestors of the present Viscount Hereford. # Katherine Devereux, married Sir James Baskerville.

2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 31: Alexander Nancy Johnson, 'Mary Stuart and Her Rebels-Turned-Privy Counsellors: Performance of the Ritual of Counsel', in Helen Matheson-Pollock, Joanne Paul, Catherine Fletcher, Queenship and Counsel in Early Modern Europe (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), pp. 161-186. Servais made furnishings for the bedchamber, including black cushions, a black tablecloth, and a suite of seat furniture in black velvet in November 1562.

Botticelli, the coronation of the Virgin Ad Caeli Reginam is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII, given at Rome, from St. Peter's Basilica, on the feast of the Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the eleventh day of October, 1954, in the sixteenth year of his Pontificate. The encyclical is an important element of the Mariology of Pope Pius XII. It established the feast Queenship of Mary.

Female workers forage to feed themselves and non-foragers, such as the queen, larvae, and males. They help to build the nest and care for the larvae. Workers may mate with males and remain inseminated even if they are never able to attain queenship and produce offspring. Worker-worker relatedness is not asymmetrically higher than relatedness between workers and males or workers and the queen.

Parsons, John Carmi: Medieval Queenship This power of attorney was to be used whenever the king was abscent, but it technically gave the queen the potential status of a co-ruler, and one reason suggested to Philip's great trust of Joan was his great distrust of his courtiers.Parsons, John Carmi: Medieval Queenship Intelligent and strong-willed, Joan proved a capable regent while her husband fought on military campaigns during the war. Joan reportedly favored people from her own home territory of Burgundy, a policy followed by her husband and her son, thus attracting animosity from the North Western nobility at court.Kibler, William W: Medieval France An Encyclopedia Her political activity attracted controversy to both her and her husband, which was accentuated by her deformity (which was considered by some to be a mark of evil), and she became known as la male royne boiteuse ("the lame evil Queen").

The Mayor of London believed they came "agaynst the peas," and excluded them from the city. Thus, Clifford and the others were forced to lodge at Temple Bar, between the city and Westminster,Hicks, M.A., Warwick the Kingmaker (Oxford, 1998), 132. probably in a house of one of the various bishops that lined the route.Maurer, H.E., Margaret of Anjou: Queenship and Power in Late Medieval England (Woodbridge, 2003), 154.

It does not dogmatically define the point one way or the other, as shown by the words "having completed the course of her earthly life". Before the dogmatic definition in Deiparae Virginis Mariae Pope Pius XII sought the opinion of Catholic Bishops. A large number of them pointed to the Book of Genesis (3:15) as scriptural support for the dogma.Introduction to Mary by Mark Miravalle (1993) Queenship Pub.

The 250 messages written from September 1988 to November 1995, which she attributed to Jesus, were gathered and printed as the first five volumes of the books I am your Jesus of Mercy. The 6th volume includes messages attributed to the Virgin Mary and ends with a message on January 7, 1999. The messages were originally published by the Riehle Foundation, and were later published by Queenship Publishing.

Since the era of the Church Fathers this statement has been used to reason that after the death of Jesus there were no other biological children to look after Mary, and she had to be entrusted to the disciple.Arthur B. Calkins, "Our Lady's Perpetual Virginity," in Mark Miravalle, ed. (2008), Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons pp. 308–309Mark Miravalle, 1993, Introduction to Mary, Queenship Publishing , pp.

Natalie Mears, Queenship and Political Discourse in the Elizabethan Realms (Cambridge, 2005), p. 109. In 1591 he joined the crew of the Revenge commanded by Sir Richard Grenville in a small fleet under Lord Thomas Howard. After encountering the Spanish at the Battle of Flores (1591), Gawdy was captured and imprisoned in Lisbon at São Jorge Castle. He was released after undertaking to pay £200 in an exchange of prisoners.

Eventually her guilty conscience effects her: she begins to show symptoms of mental breakdown, what Horatio calls "a moonflaw in her brains." Her ravings cool the king's ardor for her. When the soldiers mutiny over Sforza's reported execution, the king regrets his actions; Petruccio pacifies the revolt by showing that Sforza is still alive. A now-repentant king seeks out Eulalia in her countryside retreat, and restores her queenship.

Introduction to Mary by Mark Miravalle (1993) Queenship Pub. Co. pages 75-78Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations by J. Gordon Melton page 50 The Book of Revelation (12:1) has been interpreted as referring to it; with her coronation implying her previous bodily assumption to heaven. Before declaring the Assumption a dogma in Munificentissimus Deus in 1950, in the encyclical Deiparae virginis Mariae (1946) Pope Pius XII obtained the opinion of Catholic bishops, and based on their overwhelming support (1210 among the 1232 bishops) proceeded with the dogmatic definition.Introduction to Mary by Mark Miravalle (1993) Queenship Pub. Co. pages 72-75Encyclical Deiparae virginis Mariae at the Vatican web site The consensus of Magisterial teaching and liturgy affirms that Mary suffered death before her assumption, but this is not always accepted as settled doctrine. What is most clear is that her body was not left on earth to corrupt.St. Alphonsus Ligouri.

On 18 October 1735, she was appointed to succeed Catherine-Charlotte de Boufflers as dame d'honneur of the queen. A relation to a previous court official was a qualification to a court office, and she was the sister-in-law to the duchess de Béthune, who had been one of the twelve original Dame du Palais appointed to the queen in 1725.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) The position of dame d'honneur was formally the deputy and second in rank among the queen's female courtiers after the surintendante, but it was transformed to become the first in rank and chief lady-in-waiting when the position of surintendante was left vacant after 1741, which made her the first ranked of all ladies-in-waiting for the duration of her time in the position.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort.

Françoise de Mazarin (1688–1742), was a French court official.Clarissa Campbell Orr, Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort She served as the dame d'atours to queen Marie Leszczyńska in 1731–1742. She was born Françoise de Mailly, the daughter of Louis de Mailly (1663–1699) and Anne-Marie-Francoise de Sainte-Hermine. She married Louis Phélypeaux, Marquis de La Vrillière on 1 September 1700, but was widowed in 1725.

Portrait of Jane believed to have been painted during her short queenship and attributed to the "Cast Shadow Workshop" Jane's labour had been difficult, lasting two days and three nights, probably because the baby was not well positioned. After the christening, it became clear that she was seriously ill. She died on 24 October 1537 at Hampton Court Palace. Within a few weeks, there were conflicting accounts of the cause of her death.

Mediatrix is an ancient title. A prayer attributed to Ephrem the Syrian in the 4th century calls her "after the mediator, you (Mary) are the mediatrix of the whole world."Mark Miravalle, 1993, Introduction to Mary, Queenship Publishing , page 104 The title was also used in the 5th century by Basil of Seleucia. By the 8th century, the title Mediatrix found common use and Andrew of Crete and saint John of Damascus used it.

Violant was born in Zaragoza, the daughter of King James I of Aragon (1213–1276) and his second wife, Yolande of Hungary (ca.1215-1253).Elena Woodacre, Queenship in the Mediterranean: Negotiating the Role of the Queen in the Medieval and Early Modern Eras, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 52. Her maternal grandparents were Andrew II of Hungary and Yolanda de Courtenay.Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture, ed.

The Salus Populi Romani has been a favourite of several popes and acted as a key Mariological symbol. Roman-born Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Pacelli) celebrated his first Holy Mass there on 1 April 1899. In 1953, the icon was carried through Rome to initiate the first Marian year in church history. In 1954, the icon was crowned by Pope Pius XII as he introduced a new Marian feast Queenship of Mary.

Reasonable demands and repeated protests have not helped them. “May the powerful Queen of creation, whose radiant glance banishes storms and tempests and brings back cloudless skies, look upon these her innocent and tormented children with eyes of mercy” Ad caeli reginam §50 The encyclical established the feast of the Queenship of Mary which was initially celebrated on May 31 but subsequently transferred to August 22, seven days after the Solemnity of the Assumption.

In 1946, Empire Balham was sold to Queenship Navigation Ltd, London and renamed Nordic Queen. In 1958, Nordic Queen was sold to the Maldavian National Shipping Corp (Ceylon) Ltd, and renamed Maldive Star. In June 1959, Ceylon sent a shipment of arms to the Maldives. Ibrahim Nasir led an expedition of hundreds of armed men aboard the Maldive Star to the Fua Mulaku and Huvadhu Atolls during the Suvadive Rebellion of 1963.

Catherine of Bosnia (/Катарина Косача; 1424/1425 – 25 October 1478) was Queen of Bosnia as the wife of King Thomas, the penultimate Bosnian sovereign. She was born into the powerful House of Kosača, staunch supporters of the Bosnian Church. Her marriage in 1446 was arranged to bring peace between the King and her father, Stjepan Vukčić. The queenship of Catherine, who at that point converted to Roman Catholicism, was marked with an energetic construction of churches throughout the country.

Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons,seminarians, and Consecrated Persons, p.708, Queenship Publishing, 2008, His books Secret of the Rosary and True Devotion to Mary influenced the Mariological views of several popes. In Secret of the Rosary he taught how "focus, respect, reverence, and purity of intention" are essential in praying the rosary. He stated that it is not the length of a prayer that matters, but the fervor, purity, and respect with which it is said, e.g.

Robbins, R.H. (ed.), Historical Poems of the XIVth and XVth Centuries (New York, 1959), 192–3. A few months later he was appointed to the King’s Bench for the West Riding of Yorkshire, but when a great council was summoned for October 1458, it seems that Clifford – along with other anti-York peers such as the dukes of Somerset and Exeter – were excluded from it.Maurer, H.E., Margaret of Anjou: Queenship and Power in Late Medieval England (Woodbridge, 2003), 161.

As a young boy and in later life Eugenio Pacelli was an ardent follower of the Virgin Mary. On 8 September 1953, the encyclical Fulgens corona announced a Marian year for 1954, the centennial of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception.AAS 1953, 577 Pope Pius XII left open the Mediatrix question, the role of the Virgin in the salvation acts of her son Jesus Christ. In the encyclical Ad caeli reginam he promulgated the feast Queenship of Mary.

However, he was accused of theft and imprisoned in London. The legend recounts that one night he had a vision of Saint Etheldreda coming towards him, and as if by a miracle, his heavy chains fell from him and he was shackled no longer. When he awoke from his dream, he discovered that this was indeed true and he was free of his chains.Lois L. Huneycutt, Matilda of Scotland: a study in medieval queenship (Woodbridge: Boydell Press) 91.

Queen Blanche also played a political role as a mediator between her brother King Charles II of Navarre and France. In 1371, her only daughter Joan was engaged with John, eldest son and heir of King Peter IV of Aragon; however, she died during the journey to Aragon for her marriage on 16 September 1371 in Béziers.Marguerite Keane, Material Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331-1398), 2-3.

Ropalidia marginata is an Old World species of paper wasp. It is primitively eusocial, not showing the same bias in brood care seen in other social insects with greater asymmetry in relatedness. The species employees a variety of colony founding strategies, sometimes with single founders and sometimes in groups of variable number. The queen does not use physical dominance to control workers; there is evidence of pheromones being used to suppress other female workers from overtaking queenship.

Behaviorally dominant queens are standard among other primitively eusocial wasps, but in R. marginata, it is the workers who engage in subordinate- dominant behavior. Among the workers, the dominance hierarchy does not relate to reproductive competition or accurately predict individuals to take over queenship. Worker dominant-subordinate interactions seem to regulate foraging behavior. This is supported by the fact that dominance is received more by foragers and that frequency of received dominance correlates with foraging rate.

Her name is Teresa Chun Sun Ho. She received visions of Mary related to the Akita events during her recovery, the first while comatose. Her disease was diagnosed and the subsequent cure verified by medical professionals in South Korea.Fukushima, Francis Mutsuo, "Akita: Mother of God as CoRedemptrix Modern Miracles of Holy Eucharist" (Queenship Publishing, Santa Barbara, California, 83-93) Yasuda wrote that according to Chun and other October 1983 Korean pilgrims, Chun's cure "had been declared miraculous by Church authorities of Korea".

Introduction to Mary. 1993 Queenship Publishing pages 92–93 Similarly Theologian Sergei Bulgakov wrote that the Orthodox view Mary as "superior to all created beings" and "ceaselessly pray for her intercession". However, she is not considered a "substitute for the One Mediator" who is Christ. "Let Mary be in honor, but let worship be given to the Lord", he wrote.The Orthodox word, Volumes 12–13, 1976 page 73 Similarly, Catholics do not worship Mary as a divine being, but rather "hyper-venerate" her.

Morgan, D. A. L., 'The King's Affinity in the Polity of Yorkist England', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (1973), 12. The earl of Salisbury, also using his affinity as a show of strength in 1458, attended a royal council meeting with an affinity of about 400 horsemen and eighty knights and squires; the contemporary Brut Chronicle estimated it at around 500 men.Maurer, M., Margaret of Anjou: Queenship and Power in Late Medieval England (Woodbridge, 2003), 154 n.68.

Pope Benedict XV entrusted the protection of the world through the intercession of Mary Queen of Peace during the First World War .Sri, Edward P., and Hahn, Scott. Queen Mother: A Biblical Theology of Mary's Queenship, 2005 p. 13 The Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy, also known as the order of Our Lady of Ransom or Order of Captives began in the 13th century in the Kingdom of Aragon (Spain) to ransom captive Christians (slaves) held in Muslim hands.

The great majority of Roman Catholic churches had (and have) a side-altar or "Lady chapel" dedicated to Mary. The subject is still often enacted in rituals or popular pageants called May crownings, although the crowning is performed by human figures. The belief in Mary as Queen of Heaven obtained the papal sanction of Pope Pius XII in his encyclical Ad Caeli Reginam (English: Queenship of Mary in Heaven) of October 11, 1954. It is also the fifth Glorious Mystery of the Rosary.

Helen Damico (1984/1990) further suggests that Wealhþēow and Grendel's mother each represent different aspects of a goddess from Norse mythology, possibly the myth of the Valkyries. Wealhþēow has also been examined as a representative of Hrōðgār's kingdom and prestige and a fundamental component to the functioning of his court. According to Stacy Klein, Wealhþēow wore “elaborate garb” to demonstrate the “wealth and power” of the kingdom.Klein, Stacy S. “Reading Queenship in Cynewulf’s Elene.” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies.

Three examples are the depictions that involve the Immaculate Conception, Queen of Heaven and the Assumption of Mary. Given that the Immaculate Conception is a mostly Catholic doctrine, its depictions within other Christian traditions remain rare.Mark Miravalle, 1993, Introduction to Mary, Queenship Publishing pp. 64–70 The same applies to Queen of Heaven, for long an element of Catholic tradition (and eventually the subject of the encyclical Ad Caeli Reginam) but its representation within themes such as the Coronation of the Virgin continue to remain mostly Catholic.

At Riftgard, an isle in the far north, the ferret king, King Agarnu, and his cruel offspring, Princess Kurda and Prince Bladd hold sway over a Ratguard army and enslaved creatures. One of the slaves, Trisscar Swordmaid escapes with her friends Shogg and Welfo, southward to Mossflower. In the attempt, her friend Drufo is killed. Meanwhile, Kurda hires a pirate ship, the Seascab, captained by Plugg Firetail, to take her to Mossflower, where she must find the royal artefacts of Riftgard to seal her queenship.

Anne-Marie-Francoise de Sainte-Hermine (1670 – 1734), was a French court official.Clarissa Campbell Orr, Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort She served as the dame d'atours to queen Marie Leszczyńska in 1725-1731. She was a central figure in the French royal court and mentioned in contemporary memoirs. She was the daughter of Hélie de Sainte-Hermine, seigneur de La Laigne et du Roseau, and Anne-Madeleine de Valois de Villette, and married in 1687 to Louis de Mailly (1663-1699).

God's Wife (Egyptian ḥmt nṯr) is a title which was often allocated to royal women during the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The term indicates an inherited sacral duty, in which the role of "God's Wife" passed from mother to daughter. The role could also exist among siblings, as in the case of the role of "God's Wife" being shared or passed by daughters of Ahmose-Nefertari, Satamun (I) and her sister, Ahmose-Merytamun.Troy, L. 1986. Patterns of Queenship: in ancient Egyptian myth and history: 98. BOREAS14.

The Queenship of Mary Church, then known as St. Lazarus Church, with about 2500 members, was erected in Madras (now Chennai), near the Ripon Building and the Corporation of Madras. Originally, St. Lazarus was not meant to be a parish church. It was a chapel attached to St. Anthony's Church of Pudupet. The earliest references to this church, as a separate ecclesiastical unit, are from 1904, when it was raised to the status of a parochial church with the parish priest residing in Pudupet.

In 1533, More refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn as the Queen of England. Technically, this was not an act of treason, as More had written to Henry seemingly acknowledging Anne's queenship and expressing his desire for the King's happiness and the new Queen's health. Despite this, his refusal to attend was widely interpreted as a snub against Anne, and Henry took action against him. Shortly thereafter, More was charged with accepting bribes, but the charges had to be dismissed for lack of any evidence.

On 27 October 1708 Maria Anna of Austria married John V, King of Portugal to seal the alliance between the two countries against Bourbon France and Spain during the War of Spanish Succession. She was subsequently Queen of Portugal until his death on 31 July 1750. During her queenship, she acted as regent during times of her husband's illness. Once she was head of her household, Maria Anna reformed her court and its customs to follow the traditions and customs of the traditional Queens of Portugal.

Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660–1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) This move was viewed by the Polish nobility as a provocation and from the beginning the prince was treated with prejudice in Poland. Prince Frederick Augustus, by Louis de Silvestre, 1727 From his early years Augustus was groomed to succeed as king of Poland-Lithuania; best tutors were hired from across the continent and the prince studied Polish, German, French and Latin.Jacek Staszewski, August III Sas, Wrocław, 2010, p.

The Scala Dei includes the Ten Commandments, essays on the virtues of femininity and queenship, the seven deadly sins, a treatise on penance, and a treatise on contemplation. Eiximenis hoped that the Scala Dei would attract the Crown of Aragon to the reform movement of Observant Franciscanism, which was then in its beginnings. Maria de Luna's reputation during her ascent to the throne sharply contrasted with that of Violant de Bar, whom the Franciscans saw as "overly frivolous, too French, and scandalously neglectful of the affairs of the state".Silleras-Fernandez, p. 100.

265-271 Montfort's concept of consecration was influenced by Henri Boudon's book Dieu seul: le Saint esclavage de l'admirable Mère de Dieu, (Only God, the Holy Slavery of the admirable Mother of God). By reading Boudon, Montfort concluded that any consecration is ultimately made to "God Alone", for only God merits the loving servitude of man. Later, "God Alone" became the motto of Montfort. Montfort's approach followed Boudon very closely, but differed on one element: while Boudon's consecration was founded on the Queenship of Mary, Montfort approach was based on the divine maternity.

' He was domestic chaplain to Edmund Grindal, who procured for him the post of divinity reader at St. Paul's Cathedral. In 1569 he proceeded B.D., and on 28 July in that year he was admitted by Grindal's influence to the prebend of Chamberlainwood in the church of St. Paul's. On 8 January 1570 he preached before the court at Windsor, strongly rebuking vanity of attire; he also criticized the Queen for her leniency to the northern rebels and Catholics.Natalie Mears, Queenship and Political Discourse in the Elizabethan Realms (2005), p. 127.

Raymond Burke, 2008, Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons,seminarians, and Consecrated Persons, Queenship Publishing page 708 He began to consider the formation of a small company of priests to preach missions and retreats under the standard and protection of the Blessed Virgin. This eventually led to the formation of the Company of Mary. At around this time, when he was appointed the chaplain of the hospital of Poitiers, he first met Marie Louise Trichet. That meeting became the beginning of Marie Louise's 34 years of service to the poor.

Elizabeth Woodville died at Bermondsey Abbey, on 8 June 1492. With the exception of the queen, who was awaiting the birth of her fourth child, and Cecily of York, her daughters attended the funeral at Windsor Castle; Anne of York (the future wife of Thomas Howard), Catherine of York (the future Countess of Devon) and Bridget of York (a nun at Dartford Priory). Elizabeth's will specified a simple ceremony.J. L. Laynesmith, The Last Medieval Queens: English Queenship 1445–1503, Oxford University Press, New York, 2004, pp.127–8.

As queen, Dorothy appears to have been both politically active and a patron of art. The Ragusan authorities addressed the Queen as well as the King, and they made effort to flatter her by sending expensive gifts and emphasizing her family's traditionally close relations with the Republic. She was specifically invoked in 1432 when they requested that the larcenous Ljubibratić noble family be banished. The vigorous artistic activity at the royal court in Bobovac during Dorothy's queenship is linked either to her personally or to Tvrtko's desire to please her.

During their time as Prince and Princess of the Asturias, Ferdinand and Barbara became the target of the opposition known as the Spanish party, in parallel with Spain's deteriorating relations with Portugal. From 1733 until 1737 they were kept more or less under house arrest in their apartments, prevented from appearing in public and watched by the spies of Queen Elizabeth. This gave Barbara the time to deepen her relationship with Ferdinand, a timid person who suffered also from ill health.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660–1815: The Role of the Consort.

In several encyclicals and apostolic letters to the people of Poland and other countries behind the Iron curtain, he expressed certainty that the Blessed Virgin Mary would triumph over her enemies. On September 8, 1953, the encyclical Fulgens corona announced a Marian year for 1954, the centennial of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception.AAS 1953, 577 Pope Pius XII left open the Mediatrix question, the role of the Virgin in the salvation acts of her son Jesus Christ. In the encyclical Ad caeli reginam he promulgated the feast, Queenship of Mary.

The coronation of the Salus Populi Romani icon by Pope Pius XII in 1954 Queenship of Mary is a Marian feast day in the liturgical calendar of the Roman Catholic Church, created by Pope Pius XII. On 11 October 1954, the pontiff pronounced the new feast in his encyclical Ad caeli reginam. The feast was celebrated on May 31, the last day of the Marian month. The initial ceremony for this feast involved the crowning of the Salus Populi Romani icon of Mary in Rome by Pius XII as part of a procession in Rome.

Maria carried with her the relics of Saint Luke the Evangelist, her precious family heirloom. Upon the death of King Thomas in the summer of 1461, Maria's husband ascended as King of Bosnia. Maria became the new queen consort, with her stepmother-in-law Catherine possibly retiring from the court as queen dowager. Maria's queenship did not last long either; in 1462, her husband made a fatal decision of refusing to pay tribute to the Ottomans, who started preparing an attack which ended the independent Kingdom of Bosnia.

Membership is open to interested people from any country and to any discipline. The current President and Chairman of the Society since 2017 is Helen Watanabe-O'Kelly, who is a Fellow of Exeter College and Professor of German Literature at Oxford University. She is a distinguished scholar with numerous publications and projects aimed at German courts, festival court culture, and queenship. Other officers of the committee (2019) include David Gelber (Treasurer), Janet Dickinson (Conference Secretary), Jo Tinworth (Seminar Secretary), Charles Farris (Seminar Secretary), Fabian Persson (Social Media Officer), and Jonathan Spangler (Editor).

Temple reliefs from that time on show the king nursing at Isis's breast; her milk not only healed her child, but symbolized his divine right to rule. Royal ideology increasingly emphasized the importance of queens as earthly counterparts of the goddesses who served as wives to the king and mothers to his heirs. Initially the most important of these goddesses was Hathor, whose attributes in art were incorporated into queens' crowns. But because of her own mythological links with queenship, Isis too was given the same titles and regalia as human queens.

The traditional historiography on queenship has created an image of a queen who was the "helpmate" of a king. According to J.Nelson, a queen was unable to ‘rule in her own right’ and was often relegated to the private sphere of the Carolingian world, meaning she was heavily involved in the household and family. More recent historiography has examined how queens were integral to the survival of the dynasty through a maternal role. Z.Mistry has thoroughly examined Ermentrude of Orleans' role in the Carolingian dynasty by looking at the expectation of her to provide an heir for Charles the Bald.

Eleanor of Castile's queenship is significant in English history for the evolution of a stable financial system for the king's wife, and for the honing this process gave the queen-consort's prerogatives. The estates Eleanor assembled became the nucleus for dower assignments made to later queens of England into the 15th century, and her involvement in this process solidly established a queen- consort's freedom to engage in such transactions. Few later queens exerted themselves in economic activity to the extent Eleanor did, but their ability to do so rested on the precedents settled in her lifetime.

Almost nothing is known of queenship in the Isles.McDonald (2007b) p. 163. If the chronicle is to be believed, Óláfr's separation from Lauon enraged her sister—the wife of Rǫgnvaldr and mother of Guðrøðr—who surreptitiously tricked Guðrøðr into attacking Óláfr in 1223. Following what he thought were his father's orders, Guðrøðr gathered a force on SkyeMcDonald (2019) pp. viii, 14, 47, 61–62, 67, 76, 93; Cochran-Yu (2015) p. 36; Oram (2013) ch. 4; McDonald (2012) p. 155; McDonald (2007b) pp. 79–80, 93; Woolf (2007) p. 81; Barrow (2006) p. 145; Power (2005) p.

After Seregil is thrown into jail for supposedly writing treasonous letters against Queen Idrilain of Skala, it becomes clear that a plot is underway to overthrow the queen. Seregil briefly switches bodies with Thero, Nysander's apprentice, in order to assist Alec and Nysander in discovering the perpetrators. Their hunt eventually leads them to Lady Kassarie, a supporter of the "Lerans," a group of anti-Aurenfaie nobles who object to Idrilain's queenship (she is a distant descendant of Lord Corruth, an Aurenfaie consort). Alec manages to seduce a young servant of Kassarie's, allowing him and Seregil to break into her stronghold.

The fortified southern city of Zamora and the royal castle at Ceia north of Sahagún, both in León, were offered to Henry on top of his Portuguese possessions, as were some territories in Castile.Reilly, 75. Henry appears to have demanded more than his assistance to her cause could command, however, for Urraca soon entered into secret negotiations with her husband; before leaving she left orders with her men to surrender Palencia to him. The Crónicas anónimas de Sahagún attribute this to the ambitions of Theresa, Urraca's half-sister, Henry's wife, who coveted a queenship and had joined her husband at Palencia.

In the future, humanity is preparing to launch an attack on the homeworld of an alien race, called the Formics, that had attacked Earth and killed millions. The Formic invasion was stopped by Mazer Rackham, who crashed his fighter plane into the Formic queenship at the apparent cost of his life. Over the course of 50 years, gifted children are trained by the International Fleet to become commanders of a new fleet for this counterattack. Cadet Andrew "Ender" Wiggin draws the attention of Colonel Hyrum Graff and Major Gwen Anderson because of his aptitude in simulated space combat.

In his book It Is Time to Meet St Philomena, Mark Miravalle says that Pope Gregory XVI "liturgically canonized St. Philomena, in an act of the ordinary Papal Magisterium".Mark Miravalle, It Is Time to Meet St Philomena (Queenship Publishing Company, P. O. Box 220, Goleta, California 2007 ), p. 41 (of 51) This contrasts with the usual view that canonization is an exercise of infallible magisterium declaring a truth that must be "definitively held".Doctrinal Commentary on the Concluding Formula of the Professio Fidei, by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (now Pope Benedict XVI), Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

On November 30, 1934, Angelo Roncalli was appointed Apostolic Delegate to Turkey. Archbishop Roncalli had the words Ad Jesum per Mariam inscribed above his chapel in the Apostolic Delegation in Istanbul as he believed that Mariology was the key to unity with the Orthodox; the Theotokos being the essential part of a common heritage. When asked, in the spring of 1954, for his opinion regarding the proposed new feast of the Queenship of Mary, Cardinal Roncalli responded that he felt it unnecessary, and from an ecumenical perspective counter-productive.Alberigo, A. and G.: GiovanniXXIII, profezia nellafidelt& (Brescia, 1978), p.

Blanche of Navarre (; 1330 – 5 October 1398) was Queen of France as the wife of King Philip VI.Patrick Van Kerrebrouck, Les Capetiens 987-1328, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 2000,184. She was the second child and daughter of Queen Joan II of Navarre and King Philip III of Navarre.Marguerite Keane, Material Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331-1398), (Brill, 2016), 43-44. She belonged to the House of Évreux, a cadet branch of the House of Capet, and married into the House of Valois, another cadet branch of the House of Capet.

Throughout the centuries, Catholics have viewed the Virgin Mary from a number of perspectives, at times derived from specific Marian attributes ranging from queenship to humility and at other times based on cultural preferences of events taking place at specific points in history.The thousand faces of the Virgin Mary by George Henry Tavard 1996 pages vii–viii and 81Catholic beliefs and traditions: ancient and ever new by John F. O'Grady 2002 page 183 In parallel with the traditional approaches to Mariology, opposing views based on progressive interpretations have been presented by feminists, psychologists and liberal Catholics.

Amanimalel lived in the second half of the 7th century BC. Several date have been proposed for her queenship based on those estimated for Senkamanisken's rule: 643–623 BC, or 642–623 BC. Amanimalel is presumed to have been a queen consort of Senkamanisken, who was also married to queen Nasalsa and, possibly, Masalaye. As such, Amanimalel could be the mother of queens Asata and Madekan who espoused kings Aspelta and Anlamani, respectively. These possibilities are debated however because of the lack of direct evidence on the matter. Amanimalel's parents are equally uncertain, she could be a daughter of Atlanersa.

Despite the growing prominence of these deities, Hathor remained important, particularly in relation to fertility, sexuality, and queenship, throughout the New Kingdom. After the New Kingdom, Isis increasingly overshadowed Hathor and other goddesses as she took on their characteristics. In the Ptolemaic period (305–30 BC), when Greeks governed Egypt and their religion developed a complex relationship with that of Egypt, the Ptolemaic dynasty adopted and modified the Egyptian ideology of kingship. Beginning with Arsinoe II, wife of Ptolemy II, the Ptolemies closely linked their queens with Isis and with several Greek goddesses, particularly their own goddess of love and sexuality, Aphrodite.

Female deities were often relegated to a supporting role, stimulating their male consorts' virility and nurturing their children, although goddesses were given a larger role in procreation late in Egyptian history. Goddesses acted as mythological mothers and wives of kings and thus as prototypes of human queenship. Hathor, who was the mother or consort of Horus and the most important goddess for much of Egyptian history, exemplified this relationship between divinity and the king. Female deities also had a violent aspect that could be seen either positively, as with the goddesses Wadjet and Nekhbet who protected the king, or negatively.

She prevented her daughter from attending William's coronation out of a disagreement of precedence, a decision attributed by the Duke of Wellington to Conroy. In 1831, the year of William's coronation, Conroy and the Duchess embarked on a series of royal tours with Victoria to expose her to the people and solidify their status as potential regents. Their efforts were ultimately successful and, in November 1831, it was declared that the Duchess would be sole regent in the event of Victoria's young queenship. The Duchess further offended the King by taking rooms in Kensington Palace that the King had reserved for himself.

The Benedictine monastery, dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul, was founded in about 991 by Adelheid, the second wife of Otto I and dowager empress, later Saint Adelheid, who was buried there on 16 December 999.see Odilo of Cluny's Epitaph of Adelheid, chapter 20, in Sean Gilsdorf, Queenship and Sanctity: The Lives of Mathilda and the Epitaph of Adelheid (Catholic University of America Press, 2004) In January 992 it was granted royal tuitio and immunity (roughly the equivalent of the later Imperial immediacy) by Otto III.Monumenta Germaniae Historica DD Otto III, no. 79. The abbey suffered from severe floods in 1307, and was rebuilt between 1307 and 1315.

In 1954, the icon was crowned by Pius XII as he introduced a new Marian feast Queenship of Mary with the encyclical Ad Caeli Reginam. Perhaps the ultimate example of this interplay is on Tepeyac hill, in Mexico, the site of the reported apparition of Our Lady of Guadalupe to Saint Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin. The Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe on Tepeyac hill houses the tilma (cloak) of Saint Juan Diego on which the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe is said to have been miraculously imprinted, where he had gathered roses. Saint Juan Diego's tilma is a key national and religious icon in Mexico.

In Belgium, 8 years later, Redemptorist priest François Xavier Godts wrote a book, De definibilitate mediationis universalis Deiparae (On the definability of the universal mediation of the Mother of God), proposing precisely that it be defined that Mary is the Mediatrix of all graces. Désiré-Joseph Mercier, Cardinal Archbishop of Mechelen, Belgium championed this cause. In response to petitions from Belgium, including one signed by all its bishops, the Holy See approved in 1921 an annual celebration in that country of a feast day of Mary Mediatrix of All Graces.Mark Miraville (editor), 2008, Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, Seminarians, and Consecrated Persons, Queenship Publishing. .

These lands were parallel to the confiscated Polish properties of Stanislaus. Stanislaus appealed to the Regent of France, the Duke of Orléans, and the Duke of Lorraine for help, with the Queen of Sweden acting as his mediator.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) In 1718, with the support of the Duke of Lorraine, the family was allowed to settle in Wissembourg in the province of Alsace, which had been annexed by France, a place suggested by Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, a nephew of Louis XIV and Regent of the Kingdom of France during Louis XV's minority.

According to Adelaide's contemporary biographer, Odilo of Cluny, she managed to escape from captivity. After a time spent in the marshes nearby, she was rescued by a priest and taken to a "certain impregnable fortress," likely the fortified town of Canossa Castle near Reggio.Odilo of Cluny, Epitaph of Adelheid ch. 3, in Gilsdorf, Queenship and Sanctity, 131 She managed to send an emissary to Otto I, and asked the East Frankish king for his protection. The widow met Otto at the old Lombard capital of Pavia and they married on 23 September 951.Burgundy and Provence, 879–1032, Constance Brittain Bouchard,The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.

Lewis, Suzaanne M. "Crowning an Image of the Blessed Virgin Mary", Pastoral Liturgy The Virgin has been called "Queen of France" since 1638 when, partly in thanksgiving for a victory over the Huguenots and also in hope of the birth of an heir after years of childless marriage, Louis XIII officially gave her that title. Siena, Tuscany, hails the Virgin as Queen of Siena, and annually observes the race and pageant called the "palio" in her honor."The Queenship of Mary", Queen of Angels foundation Mary was declared "Queen of Poland" by king John II Casimir during the Lwów Oath in the 17th century.

Joseph Lusenberg, 1876. Saint Antony's Church, Urtijëi, Italy. This dogma states that Mary was conceived without original sin. This means that from the first moment of her existence she was preserved by God from the lack of sanctifying grace, and that she was instead filled with divine grace.Mark Miravalle, 1993, Introduction to Mary, Queenship Publishing pages 64 and 70 The dogma of the Immaculate Conception is distinct from and should not be confused with the perpetual virginity of Mary or the virgin birth of Jesus; for this dogma refers to the conception of Mary by her mother, Saint Anne, and not the conception of Jesus.

Merici was not included in the 1570 Tridentine Calendar of Pope Pius V, because she was not canonized until 1807. In 1861 her feast day was included in the Roman Calendar – not on the day of her death, 27 January, since this date was occupied by the feast day of St. John Chrysostom, but instead on 31 May. In 1955 Pope Pius XII assigned this date to the new feast of the Queenship of Mary, and moved Merici's feast to 1 June. The celebration was ranked as a Double until 1960, when Pope John XXIII gave it the equivalent rank of Third-Class Feast.

After her son was elected King of Poland and converted to Catholicism in 1697, she, as well as her daughter-in-law Queen Christiane Eberhardine, enjoyed immense popularity in Saxony as a symbol of Protestant faith and protection against Catholic Poland, which the Protestants feared would enforce a counter reformation.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660–1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) Anna Sophie brought up her grandson Friedrich August, born on 17 October 1696, the only child of her second son and his estranged, self-exiled wife, Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth. The boy would one day succeed his father as Augustus III of Poland.

Carolyne Larrington takes an interesting look into the comparative amount of power Gunnhild held, as well as her overall role as queen within the Norwegian court. Queenship as a concept emerged relatively late in Norway, and as Larrington points out, the most powerful women in Norwegian history were usually king's mothers rather than kings' wives. Gunnhild acts as one of the most important partial exceptions to this rule, as she was influential during both Eirík's and her sons' rules. Gunnhild became increasingly politically active in her own right after her husband, Eirík, died in battle, after which she later returned to Norway where she put her sons in power, and her son Harald on the throne.

His monograph “Philosophical Views of the Russian Masons”, based on a thorough and comprehensive evaluation of archive printed works and manuscripts, was published in 1995. This essay became the first monograph published on the “post-soviet” territory after G.V. Vernadsky's dissertation “Russian Masons during Catherine II Queenship” (Petrograd, 1917). The monograph preserved and developed the tradition to provide a complex investigation of Russian Masons’ views covering works by M.N. Longinov, A.N. Pypin, S.V. Eshevsky, P.P. Pekarsky, N.S. Tikhonravov, V.O. Kluchevsky, T.O. Sokolovskaya and others. The monograph became the academic novelty due to the fact that here one can find the bibliography classification concerning the history of philosophical and political views of Freemasons.

However it is clear that their role has been evaluated by historians as one of domesticity and child bearing. P.Stafford has examined queenship in a lot of depth. She summarises how vital a queen’s role was in the continuation of a dynasty, by analysing how ‘a wife’s survival depended on the production of sons’ and her primary function was to provide heirs.. Stafford also described the queen’s involvement of the running of the household and being a hostess of kind. She was in charge of gift giving to high officials in a society where this was very important to maintain loyalties and bonds. The queen was also in charge of ‘the maintenance of the royal dignity’.

None of these writers, however, used contemporary chronicles or records to provide accurate information about Eleanor's life. Such documents began to become widely available in the late 19th century, but even when historians began to cite them to suggest Eleanor was not the perfect queen Strickland praised, many rejected the correction, often expressing indignant disbelief that anything negative was said about Eleanor. Only in recent decades have historians studied queenship in its own right and regarded medieval queens as worthy of attention. These decades produced a sizeable body of historical work that allows Eleanor's life to be scrutinized in the terms of her own day, not those of the 17th or 19th centuries.

One of the young women who danced in Robert White's Masque of Cupid's Banishment at Deptford in May 1617 was Anne Sandilands, thought to be a daughter of the Scottish courtier Sir James Sandilands of Slamannan Mure.John Nichols, Progresses of James I, iii, (London, 1828), p. 284. The masque was performed while James VI and I was in Scotland, and it has been suggested that it was subversive of the king's authority, after he refused to make Anna of Denmark regent in his absence.Anna Whitelock, 'Reconsidering the Political Role of Anna of Denmark', Helen Matheson-Pollock, Joanne Paul, Catherine Fletcher, Queenship and Counsel in Early Modern Europe (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), p. 249.

Her most recent book is Elizabeth of York and Her Six Daughters-in-Law: Fashioning Tudor Queenship, 1485–1547 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2017). The newest book examines the lives and reigns of Elizabeth of York, wife of Henry VII, and her six daughters-in-law, Henry VIII's six queens, by comparing them within important spheres of influence—as mothers, diplomats, and domestic managers, as well as participants in social and religious rituals. She is best known for her controversial theories over the life of Henry VIII's second wife, Anne Boleyn. These theories were outlined in various articles in the mid-1980s, "Anne Boleyn's Childhood and Adolescence" and "Sexual Heresy at the Court of Henry VIII".

King Philip IV's sons, Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV, left no surviving sons, leading to the accession of Joan's husband to the French throne in 1328. The Hundred Years' War ensued in 1337, with Edward III of England, a nephew of Louis X, claiming the French crown. In a document issued by Philip VI at Clermont-en-Beauvaisis in August 1338, queen Joan was invested with power of attorney to manage the affairs of state whenever circumstances made it necessary. Parsons, John Carmi: Medieval Queenship She was explicitly allowed to manage the finances of the state, to make verdicts and issue pardons and all powers included in the king's duties except managing warfare.

Recent Popes promulgated the veneration of the Blessed Virgin with two dogmas, Pius IX the Immaculate Conception in 1854 and the Assumption of Mary in 1950 by Pope Pius XII. Pius XII also promulgated the new feast Queenship of Mary celebrating Mary as Queen of Heaven and he introduced the first ever Marian year in 1954, a second one was proclaimed by John Paul II. Pius IX, Pius XI and Pius XII facilitated the veneration of Marian apparitions such as in Lourdes and Fátima. Later Popes such from John XXIII to Benedict XVI promoted the visit to Marian shrines (Benedict XVI in 2007 and 2008). The Second Vatican Council highlighted the importance of Marian veneration in Lumen gentium.

He is not to be confused with the knight Pere de Queralt of the thirteenth century, who reportedly fought a lion and won: an act commemorated in a carved vault keystone in the church of Santa Maria de Bell-lloc in Santa Coloma.Riquer, 612 n1, credits the conflation of the two to Manuel Milà i Fontanals, Poetas catalanes del siglo XIV, III, 330-31. In 1389 Pere was one of the barons that revolted against John I at Calasanç after having signed the sentence against Carroça de Vilaragut.According to Núria Silleras-Fernández (2004), "Widowhood and Deception: Ambiguities of Queenship in Late Medieval Crown of Aragon", Shell Games: Studies in Scams, Frauds, and Deceits (1300-1650), edd.

Cambridge University Press (2004) She also reported attempts of Queen Marie Leszczyńska to influence Louis XV politically – which involved the Duke of Bourbon's trying to dispose of Fleury, a move which ended very badly for the duke.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) However, Maria Vittoria is alleged to have remained loyal to Fleury: When the Duke of Bourbon suggested, via an intermediary, that if she could mend the relationship between himself and the Cardinal her husband's huge debts in both France and Savoy would be settled and an income of half a million livres would be assured her, she is said to have indignantly refused.

The first wife called "queen" in Scottish sources is the Anglo-Saxon and German princess Margaret, the wife of Malcolm III, which may have been a title and status negotiated by her relatives. She was a major political and religious figure within the kingdom, but her status was not automatically passed on to her successors, most of whom did not have the same prominence.J. Nelson, "Scottish Queenship in the Thirteenth century", in B. K. U. Weiler, J. Burton and P. R. Schofield, eds, Thirteenth-Century England (London: Boydell Press, 2007), , pp. 63–4. Ermengarde de Beaumont, the wife of William I, acted as a mediator, judge in her husband's absence and is the first Scottish queen known to have had her own seal.

The first wife called "queen" in Scottish sources is the Anglo-Saxon and German princess Margaret, the wife of Malcolm III, which may have been a title and status negotiated by her relatives. She was a major political and religious figure within the kingdom, but her status was not automatically passed on to her successors, most of whom did not have the same prominence.J. Nelson, "Scottish Queenship in the Thirteenth century", in B. K. U. Weiler, J. Burton and P. R. Schofield, eds, Thirteenth-Century England (London: Boydell Press, 2007), , pp. 63–4. Ermengarde de Beaumont, the wife of William I acted as a mediator, judge in her husband's absence and is the first Scottish Queen known to have had her own seal.

Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) Flavacourt was in fact often the subject of speculations whether she would become the mistress of the king or not. In reality, however, she had no wish to become a royal mistress and only wanted to enjoy her position as courtier because it gave her independence from her spouse: she once told the minister of war count, d'Argensson, that she wished for her husband to be promoted, because otherwise he would leave the army and return to her, a prospect she lamented. Her husband had reportedly threatened to kill her if she should ever become the mistress of the king like her sisters.

Maria Vittoria eventually developed a close relationship with Cardinal Fleury, "She pretends to be devout and makes money out of the transactions of the court through the Cardinal, with whom she is on good terms." She also became an intimate of Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon, Louis XV's prime minister after the death of Phillipe d'Orléans. Her husband's position and their connections at the French court were important to their circumstances, as Prince Victor Amadeus proceeded to incur massive debts in France, adding to those already contracted in Savoy. Maria Vittoria is alleged to have intrigued with the Duke of Bourbon, reporting all to her father back in Savoy, effectively acting as a spy.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort.

Salus Populi Romani crowned by Pope Pius XII The Roman Catholic teaching that Mary is far above all other creatures in dignity, and after Jesus Christ possesses primacy over all goes back to the early church. Saint Sophronius said: "You have surpassed every creature" and Saint Germain of Paris (496–576) stated: "Your honor and dignity surpass the whole of creation; your greatness places you above the angels." Saint John of Damascus went further: "Limitless is the difference between God's servants and His Mother."Dictionary of Mary, Catholic Book Publishing Co., New York, 1985Ad Caeli Reginam 40 Coronation of the icon by Pope Pius XII in 1954 The feast of the Queenship of Mary was only formally established in 1954 by Pope Pius XII in his encyclical Ad Caeli Reginam.

Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) During the first years of his reign, he did somewhat revive the court life, but after Sanssouci palace in Potsdam was completed in 1747, he spent his life more isolated in Sanssouci in the summer and the Potsdam royal residence in winter, and only appeared at the official royal court in Berlin at special occasions such as birthdays of members of the royal house and visits of foreign princes. Despite his personal contempt for representational court life, however, he realized its importance in the system of state and therefore didn't abolish court life in Prussia, but rather left virtually all court duties to Elisabeth. Elisabeth therefore had a very visible and official role in Prussia.

Gynecocracy is defined by Scalingi as "government by women", similar to dictionary definitions (one dictionary adding 'women's social supremacy' to the governing role). Scalingi reported arguments for and against the validity of gynocracy and said, "the humanists treated the question of female rule as part of the larger controversy over sexual equality." Possibly, queenship, because of the power wielded by men in leadership and assisting a queen, leads to queen bee syndrome, contributing to the difficulty of other women in becoming heads of the government. Some matriarchies have been described by historian Helen Diner as "a strong gynocracy" and "women monopolizing government" and she described matriarchal Amazons as "an extreme, feminist wing" of humanity and that North African women "ruled the country politically," and, according to Adler, Diner "envision[ed] a dominance matriarchy".

Mark Miravalle, 2008, Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, seminarians, and Consecrated Persons, Queenship Publishing page 448 In printings of the Roman Missal from that date until 1961, the Mass of Mary Mediatrix of All Graces was found in the appendix Missae pro aliquibus locis (Masses for Some Places), but not in the general calendar for use wherever the Roman Rite is celebrated.See, for instance, the 1957 printing and a late-1920s printing. Other Masses authorized for celebration in different places on the same day were those of the Blessed Virgin Mary Queen of All Saints and Mother of Fair Love and Our Lady of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. The Belgian celebration has now been replaced by an optional memorial on 31 August of the Virgin Mary Mediatrix.

Georges Touchard-Lafosse, Chroniques pittoresques et critiques de l'Oeil de Boeuf: des petits appartements de la cour et des salons de Paris, sous Louis XIV, la régence, Louis XV et Louis XVI She discontinued the relationship with Richelieu, and became the lover of Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon, with whom she had a daughter, Henriette de Bourbon-Condé (1725–1780), in 1740 married to Jean Roger de Laguiche, marquis de Laguiche, comte de Sivignon.Patrick Van Kerrebrouck, La Maison de Bourbon, Villeneuve d'Ascq, l'auteur, 2004, 1010 p. () In 1725, she was one of the officials appointed to the Household of the new queen, Marie Leszczyńska, due to her rank and her connections to Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon and Madame de Prie.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort.

More recently, her interests have expanded into the relationship between local- and central government, the Black Death, medieval female authority, and queenship. As well as lecturing full-time at Cambridge, she also lectures privately and for high schools, and campaigned against the dissolution of the AS Level in 2013. During the 2012-15 controversy surrounding the burial place of the recently discovered bones of Richard III, she supported the claim of York to be the most fitting final resting place for the last Plantaganet king, saying that the dead king's "self-identification with the North is reflected in his plans for a chantry of 100 priests in York Minster, where he surely hoped to be buried."Christopher Howse, A sordid song and dance over Richard III’s bones, Telegraph (September 24, 2013).

The king confirmed the verdict of guilty which the jury found, and Balmerino was in March 1609 sentenced to be beheaded, quartered, and demeaned as a traitor. The sentence, however, was not carried out, due to the intercession of Anne of Denmark at the instance of Jean Drummond, her lady in waiting and Balmerino's relative.Anna Whitelock, 'Reconsidering the Political Role of Anna of Denmark', Helen Matheson-Pollock, Joanne Paul, Catherine Fletcher, Queenship and Counsel in Early Modern Europe (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), p. 241. According to a second account of Balmerino, James was not averse to correspondence with Pope Clement, but had scruples about addressing him by his apostolical titles, which were therefore afterwards prefixed by Balmerino to the letter which James, who was aware of its contents, had signed without hesitation.

Mary, his mother, assumed into heaven by her son, participates in his heavenly glory. The earliest known Roman depiction of Santa Maria Regina depicting Mary as a queen dates to the 6th century and is found in the modest church of Santa Maria Antiqua (i.e., ancient St. Mary) built in the 5th century in the Forum Romanum. Here Mary is unequivocally depicted as an empress.Erik Thunø, 2003 Image and relic: mediating the sacred in early medieval Rome page 34Bissera V. Pentcheva, 2006 Icons and power: the Mother of God in Byzantium page 21Anne J. Duggan, 2008 Queens and queenship in medieval Europe page 175 As one of the earliest Roman Catholic Marian churches, this church was used by Pope John VII in the early 8th century as the see of the bishop of Rome.

Despite this, some people believe in the apparitions of Zeitoun; the church, however, has never judged the alleged apparitions. Another human source of false revelations is misattribution, where people put words into saints' and other persons' mouths, such as the "three days of darkness" prophecy attributed to Saint Padre Pio of Pietrelcina,The 3 Days of Darkness Padre Pio and other Catholics eminent for sanctity, have for centuries prophesied the dreadful coming chastisement of the Three Days of Darkness; where at least half to three quarters of the world's population will be killed by God's Just Wrath. the "end-times" prophecy attributed to Our Lady of Laus, and the Medjugorje sayings attributed to Pope John Paul II.Sr. Emmanuel; Nolan, Denis, Međugorje: What Does the Church Say?, Queenship Publishing (2000) p. 19.

The star figures in many of the titles of Mary, including La Madonna della Stella, Star of the New Evangelization, Star of the Sea, Star of Jacob, Morning Star, and Fixed Star, to name a few. The crown of stars depicted in the Queen of Angels Foundation logo is a Crown of Immortality, reflecting the Catholic teaching of Queenship of Mary. That there are seven stars above her crown also call to mind the key role Mary played in Salvation History. The seven stars on the Crown of Immortality of Our Lady of the Angels also signify the Seven Corporal Works of Mercy as well as the Seven Spiritual Works of Mercy, the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit, the Seven Virtues, the Seven Joys of Mary and the Seven Sorrows of Mary.

She was a part of the intimate circle of friends with whom the queen retired to her apartments after having fulfilled her ceremonial duties, consisting also of her grand almoner Cardinal de Luynes, Duke Charles Philippe d'Albert de Luynes, President Hénault, her Surintendant since 1753, and Count d'Argensson.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) From 1751, Marie Brûlart allowed her duties to be handled by her deputy, her daughter-in-law Henriette-Nicole Pignatelli d'Egmont, duchess de Chevreuse (1719-1782), but she formally kept her rank and title of dame d'honneur and kept attending court in her capacity of the queen's friend. When de Chevreuse resigned in 1761, Marie Brûlart resumed the duties of her office again and retained them until her death.

Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (19 December 1671 - 4 September 1727) was Electress of Saxony from 1694 to 1727 (her death) and titular Queen of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1697 to 1727 by marriage to Augustus II the Strong. Not once throughout the whole of her thirty-year queenship did she set foot in Poland, instead living in Saxony in self-imposed exile. Born a German margravine, she was called Sachsens Betsäule, "Saxony's pillar of prayer", by her Protestant subjects for her refusal to convert to Catholicism and her loyalty to the Protestant faith. Despite the allegiance of Christiane Eberhardine and her mother-in-law, Anna Sophie of Denmark, to Lutheranism, her husband and son, later Augustus III, both became Catholics, ensuring Catholic succession in the Albertine lands after a century-and-a- half.

A rare picture of Salus Populi Romani crowned for the Marian year 1954 by Pope Pius XII Sacro Vergente anno (July 7, 1952) is an Apostolic Letter of Pope Pius XII to all people of Russia. In it the Pope consecrates all the people of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary.Mark Miravalle, 1993, Introduction to Mary, Queenship Publishing , page 170 Because of the Virgin Mary, he has great faith in the future of their country but is anguished about the Soviet hostility towards religion in general and the Catholic Church in particular.Acta Apostolicae Sedis 1952, page 505Vatican Website (the papal letter) The Pope remembered that after he solemnly declared the Virgin Mary taken up into heaven, many wrote to him, asking that he may dedicate the whole Russian people to the immaculate heart of the Virgin.

Woodacre, Elena: Queenship in the Mediterranean: Negotiating the Role of the Queen in the Medieval and Early Modern Eras (2013) She was close to her sisters-in-law, the Duchess of Aosta and the Duchess of Chablais. She was well liked by the members of her household for her consideration for them, and her piety and frequent private worship established her reputation of piety among the public. Her first years in Savoy, she enjoyed fashion and entertainment and, despite her saintly reputation, her spouse himself said that it was in fact not her nature to be humble and submissive, and that she had to struggle to achieve this. Although the union was arranged for political reasons, Clotilde and Charles Emmanuel became devoted to each other, united in their piety and a strong belief in the Catholic faith.

Following in the footsteps of his predecessors, Pius XII instituted a number of new feasts and approved new Propers. After defining the Dogma of the Assumption in 1950, a new mass formula (the mass Signum magnum) was introduced for the feast, which falls on August 15.AAS 1950, 795 Pius XII also instituted the feast of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, which he established as a double of the second class and fixed to August 22, the octave day of the Assumption.AAS 1944, 44 Other new feasts included the feast of the Queenship of Mary (May 31) and the feast of Saint Joseph the Worker (to coincide with the socialist holiday of May 1), which thus replaced the Feast of Saint Joseph Patron of the Universal Church, observed until then (from 1870) as a movable feast on the third Wednesday after Easter.

Queenship Publishing 2007, pp. 12–13).. Historian Michael S. Carter (who supports Miravalle's position) has written about devotion to St. Philomena within the broader context of veneration of "catacomb martyrs" and their relics in the history of the United States. The inscription on the three tiles that had provided the Latin name "Filumena" ("Philomena" in English) belonged to the middle or second half of the second century, while the body that had been found was of the fourth century, when the persecutions of Christians had ended. Not only the name but also the leaf, the two anchors and the palm that decorated the three tiles, and which had been believed to indicate that Filumena was a martyr (though the necessary connection between these symbols and martyrdom has been denied), had no relation to the person whose remains were found.

To maintain French influence in the Italian states, her uncle King Louis XIV arranged her marriage, at the age of fourteen, to her third cousin Victor Amadeus II of Savoy, then Duke of Savoy, later King of Sicily and then of Sardinia. Louis XIV was an ally of her future mother-in-law, Marie Jeanne, and supported Marie Jeanne when she extended her regency even after her actual mandate as regent had come to an end in 1680: Marie Jeanne did, in fact, not surrender her position as regent until shortly before her son's wedding.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004) The proxy marriage of Anne Marie and Víctor Amadeus took place at Versailles on 10 April 1684, the day after the signature of the marriage contract.

When Wolsey died in 1530, Lady Margaret was invited to the royal Palace of Beaulieu, where she resided in the household of Princess Mary. Because of her nearness to the English crown, Lady Margaret Douglas was brought up chiefly at the English court in close association with Mary, her first cousin, the future Queen Mary I, who remained her lifelong friend; even when her father fled to England in May 1529 and remained there until 1542, Margaret never entered her father's custody, remaining in royal custody instead. Margaret gave Princess Mary gifts on New Year's day, in 1543 her gift was a satin gown of carnation silk in Venice fashion.Maria Hayward, 'Dressed to Impress', Alice Hunt & Anna Whitelock, Tudor Queenship (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), p. 91. At Christmastime at Greenwich Palace in 1530, 1531, and 1532, Henry VIII gave Margaret the generous sum of 10 marks (£6-13s–4d).

Miravalle is a member of the Mariological Society of America and the Ecumenical Society of the Blessed Virgin Mary, U.S.A. In the preface to Miravalle's book Introduction Mary Cardinal Edouard Gagnon stated that Mark Miravalle is "internationally renowned for his unquestioned fidelity to the Church's Magisterium and for his outstanding scholarship".Cardinal Edouard Gagnon in Introduction to Mary: The Heart of Marian Doctrine and Devotion by Miravalle, Mark I. (1993) Queenship Pub. Co. pages 1-2 Miravalle is president of Vox Populi Mariae Mediatrici, a Roman Catholic movement which seeks the solemn papal definition of the Spiritual Maternity of the Mother of God, the Blessed Virgin Mary, as Co-Redemptrix, Mediatrix of All Graces, and Advocate for the People of God. Miravalle has given numerous international lectures in Mariology, has addressed several Catholic bishops' conferences, and has served members of the episcopal hierarchy with preliminary investigations for reported apparitions.

Calendarium Romanum, p. 67. The devotional feasts of the Blessed Virgin Mary that have been kept are those of her Motherhood of God (a solemnity), her Queenship, Sorrow, Rosary, and Presentation (obligatory memorials), and as optional memorials Our Lady of Lourdes, the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Our Lady of Mount Carmel, and the Dedication of the Basilica of St Mary Major. Reduction of the number of devotional feasts of Our Lady results in raising of profile of the feasts of the Lord closely associated with the Mother of Jesus (the Annunciation and the Presentation of the Lord) and of the major feasts of mysteries of her life (Immaculate Conception, Nativity, Visitation, and Assumption).Calendarium Romanum, pp. 67–68. Progress in historical and hagiographical studies led to distinguishing three classes of saints included in the 1960 calendar that it seemed better not to keep in the revision.

Its use underwent a notable development in the Cistercian reform movement and in the orders of evangelical apostolic life that arose from the beginning of the twelfth century onwards.Servants of the Magnificat: The Canticle of the Blessed Virgin and Consecrated Life, Order of Servants of Mary, 1996 Pope Sixtus IV, in his apostolic letter Cum Praeexcelsa of 1476, establishing a Mass and Office for the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, referred to Mary as a "Queen,"... "Who is always vigilant to intercede with the king whom she bore." Pope Leo XIII refers to Mary as "Queen of Heaven" in the 1891 encyclical Octobri Mense.Pope Leo XIII, Octobri Mense, §8, September 22, 1981, Libreria Editrice Vaticana This title of Mary became generally accepted so that with the encyclical Ad Caeli Reginam, of October 11, 1954, Pope Pius XII instituted the feast of the Queenship of Mary.

When the war was ended in 1713 by the Treaty of Utrecht, Victor Amadeus received the Kingdom of Sicily, formerly a Spanish possession. Anne Marie's stepmother wrote: I shall neither gain nor lose by the peace, but one thing I shall enjoy is to see our Duchess of Savoy become a queen, because I love her as though she were my own child ...Pevitt, Christine. Philippe, Duc d'Orléans: Regent of France Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1997, p.133 When Victor Amadeus left for his coronation in Sicily, he had originally planned to leave Anne Marie behind to function as regent in his absence, but as he feared that she would let herself be directed by his mother because of her loyalty to her, he changed his mind and took her along with him instead.Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort.

The Brothers and Sisters of Penance of St. Francis is an Association of the faithful"Franciscan Family", Capuchin Franciscans, Province of St. Conrad of the Roman Catholic Church whose members strive to model their lives according to the Rule and Statutes of the Primitive Rule of the Third Order of St. Francis, which was written for lay people in 1221 by Cardinal Hugolino dei Conti dei Segni at the request of St. Francis of Assisi. The order was originally started in 1996 by members of the Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis in Minnesota, with the approval of Archbishop Harry J. Flynn. On August 22, 2003, ( the feast of the Queenship of Mary), the Brothers and Sisters of Penance was refounded as the Confraternity of Penitents. Right now there are more than several hundred members within the United States, and a few hundred more throughout the world.

The historian K. D. Reynolds adds that Lehzen was a major influence on Victoria's character and moral development, in particular giving the queen the strength of will to survive her troubled childhood and young queenship. Not all of her influence was positive, however; Reynolds also speculates that the 1839 Bedchamber crisis stemmed partly from Victoria's unwillingness to lose Lehzen. Baroness Lehzen has been portrayed numerous times in film and television. She was played by Renée Stobrawa in the 1936 German film Mädchenjahre einer Königin, Greta Schröder in the films Victoria the Great and Sixty Glorious Years, Barbara Everest in 1941's The Prime Minister, Magda Schneider in the 1954 television serial The Story of Vickie, Olga Fabian in an episode of Hallmark Hall of Fame, Patience Collier in Edward the Seventh, Diana Rigg in the 2001 television serial Victoria & Albert, Jeanette Hain in the 2009 film The Young Victoria and Daniela Holtz in the 2016 television series Victoria.

Prince Bernhard returning from his holiday due to PM Den Uyl's communiqué In February 1976, the huge international Lockheed bribery scandals came out during public hearings by an investigative commission of the United States Congress. Key political and military people from West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Japan had been bribed by aircraft manufacturer Lockheed Martin. Prince Bernhard, Inspector-General of the Armed Forces, appeared to be the Dutch person involved: an inquiry by a Commission of Three showed that he had accepted bribes to the value of 1.1 million guilders to try and persuade Defence to purchase Lockheed aircraft (specifically, the Lockheed P-3 Orion). On 20 August, the Den Uyl cabinet convened a crisis meeting, during which the Commission of Three's conclusions were unanimously confirmed, and earnest discussions ensued over which measures should be taken, and the consequences they would have for Juliana's queenship, who would have threatened to abdicate if her husband were to be prosecuted.

Woodacre, Elena: Queenship in the Mediterranean: Negotiating the Role of the Queen in the Medieval and Early Modern Eras (2013) They were tutored in botany by M. Lemonnier, in history and geography by M. Leblond, and in religion by Abbé de Montigat, Canon of Chartres, and they followed the court among the royal palaces, with their days divided between studies, walks in the Park, and drives in the forest. Madame de Marsan would often take her to visit the students at St. Cyr, where select young ladies were presented to be introduced to the princess. While Clothilde was described as a docile pupil "who made herself loved by all who approached her", Élisabeth long refused to study, saying that "there were always people at hand whose duty it was to think for Princes", and treated her staff with impatience. Madame de Marsan, who was unable to handle Élisabeth, preferred Clothilde, which made Elisabeth jealous and created a rift between the sisters.

The Blessed Virgin is Queen, because of the unique manner in which she assisted in our redemption, by giving of her own substance, by freely offering Him for us, by her singular desire and petition for, and active interest. Mary was chosen Mother of Christ so she might help fulfill God's plan in the redemption of humankind; The Catholic Church from the earliest times venerated the Queen of Heaven, according to Pius XII: The Queenship of Mary is commemorated in the last of the Glorious Mysteries of the Holy Rosary—the Coronation of the Virgin as Queen of Heaven and Earth. Parishes and private groups often process and crown an image of Mary with flowers. This often is referred to as a "May Crowning". This rite may be done on solemnities and feasts of the Blessed Virgin Mary, or other festive days, and offers the Church a chance to reflect on Mary’s role in the history of salvation.

The Annunciation by Paolo de Matteis, 1712. This dogma states that Mary was a virgin before, during and after giving birth (de fide). This oldest Marian doctrine, (also held by Lutheran, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox, and many other Christians) affirms Mary's "real and perpetual virginity even in the act of giving birth to the Son of God made Man."Catechism of the Catholic Church §499 Thus, by the teaching of this dogma, the faithful believe that Mary was ever- Virgin (Greek ') for the whole of her life, making Jesus her only biological son, whose conception and birth are held to be miraculous.Mark Miravalle, 1993, Introduction to Mary, Queenship Publishing , pages 56-64Mary in the New Testament edited by Raymond Edward Brown 1978 page 273 The doctrine of perpetual virginity is distinct from the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary, which relates to the conception of the Virgin Mary herself without any stain (macula in Latin) of original sin.

The Roman Catholic Church celebrates the feast every August 22, where it replaced the former octave of the Assumption of Mary in 1969, a move made by Pope Paul VI. The feast was formerly celebrated on May 31, at the end of the Marian month, where the present general calendar now commemorates the Feast of the Visitation. In addition, there are Canonical coronations authorized by the Pope which are given to specific Marian images venerated in a particular place. The Coronation of the Blessed Virgin Mary is the fifth of the Glorious Mysteries of the Rosary (following the Assumption, the fourth Glorious Mystery) and therefore the idea that the Virgin Mother of God was physically crowned as Queen of Heaven after her Assumption is a traditional Catholic belief echoed in the Rosary. This belief is now represented in the liturgical feast of the Queenship of Mary (August 22), that follows closely after the solemnity of the Assumption (August 15).

St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków Through the centuries, the progression of Medieval architecture towards Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and eventually modern Marian church architectures may be viewed as a manifestation of the growth of Marian belief - just as the development of Marian art and music were a reflection of the growing trends in the veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Roman Catholic tradition.Raymond Burke, 2008, Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, seminarians, and Consecrated Persons, Queenship Publishing page 189From Trent to Vatican Two by Raymond F. Bulman, Frederick J. Parrella 2006 Oxford UP pages 179-180 A good example of the continuation of Marian traditions from the Gothic period to the present day is found at St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków in Poland. On every hour, a trumpet signal called the hejnał (meaning "St. Mary's dawn" and pronounced hey-now) is still played from the top of the taller of St. Mary's two towers, the noon-time hejnał being heard across Poland and abroad broadcast live by the Polish national Radio 1 Station.

Clotilde adapted herself to strict Catholic devotion early on and had the wish to follow the example of her aunt, Madame Louise, and join the Order of the Carmelites.Woodacre, Elena: Queenship in the Mediterranean: Negotiating the Role of the Queen in the Medieval and Early Modern Eras (2013) Instead, however, Clotilde was in February 1775 officially engaged by her brother King Louis XVI to Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont, eldest son of Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain. The match between Clotilde and Charles Emmanuel was part of a wider series of Franco- Savoyard dynastic marriages taking place in a time span of eight years: after the wedding between Charles Emmanuel's cousin Princess Marie Louise of Savoy and her relative Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe in 1767, Charles Emmanuel's sister Marie Joséphine, had married Clotilde's older brother, the Count of Provence in 1771, and another of Charles Emmanuel's sisters, Marie Thérèse, had married Clotilde's youngest brother, the Count of Artois in 1773. Clothilde did not wish to marry, but adjusted herself to the will of her brother.

Hardy, B. C. (Blanche Christabel), The Princesse de Lamballe; a biography, 1908, Project Gutenberg While her sister Elisabeth was described as "proud, inflexible, and passionate", Clothilde was in contrast estimated to be "endowed with the most happy disposition, which only needed guiding and developing".Maxwell-Scott, Mary Monica, Madame Elizabeth de France, 1764-1794, London : E. Arnold, 1908 They were given the usual education of royal princesses in that time, focusing upon accomplishments, religion and virtue, an education to which Clothilde reportedly willingly subjected herself.Woodacre, Elena: Queenship in the Mediterranean: Negotiating the Role of the Queen in the Medieval and Early Modern Eras (2013) They were tutored botany by M. Lemonnier, history and geography lessons by M. Leblond, and religion by Abbe de Montigat, Canon of Chartres, and they followed the court between the royal palaces with their days divided between studies, walks in the park, or drives in the forest. While Clothilde was described as a docile pupil, "who made herself loved by all who approached her", Élisabeth long refused to study, stating that "there were always people at hand whose duty it was to think for Princes", and treated her staff with impatience.