Ultimately, Quave would like to see these discoveries translated to actual medicines.
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"We're standing on the precipice of a post-antibiotic era," Quave says.
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But to dismiss all of them, Quave thinks, would be a terrible oversight.
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Quave saw something quite different: a vast botanical tapestry, rich as a Persian rug.
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Botanical medicine, Quave learned, not only predates civilization — it is older than humanity itself.
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McKeithen was shot multiple times outside the Lopez Quave Public Safety Center around 10 p.m.
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Each of these species intrigued Quave enough to merit a pause, a verbal greeting, a photo.
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Quave parked near the edge of a pond crowded with the overlapping parasols of water lilies.
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If Quave is right, the impending medical crisis will eventually jump-start antibiotic research and development.
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And that, Quave says, is exactly the kind of antibiotic that can foil the evolution of resistance.
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"That trip caused a shift in my worldview and in how I thought about medicine," Quave told me.
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"Ever since Fleming discovered penicillin, we've been in the mind-set that we need to kill microbes," Quave says.
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"I really believe these kind of inhibitors are a major part of the solution to antibiotic resistance," Quave says.
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"Luckily, today we have advanced scientific methodologies and instrumentation that enables a deeper look at these historic remedies," said Quave.
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"I think it's important to look towards our past to try to understand better how these treatments worked," Quave said.
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An ethnobotanist based at Emory University in Atlanta, Quave, 20083, has an unabashed fondness for all citizens of the kingdom plantae.
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"We found that they worked against a number of bacteria that are commonly implicated in [wartime] wounds—including drug-resistant strains," said Quave.
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Growing up in Arcadia, Quave spent just as much time recuperating in hospital beds as she did in rough-and-tumble play outdoors.
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At school, Quave loved the sciences, and by the time she got to Emory for college, she was determined to be a surgeon.
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After Quave gave the all-clear, her colleague Kate Nelson and I pulled on some tall rubber boots and proceeded cautiously into the water.
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Over the past five years, Quave has gathered hundreds of therapeutic shrubs, weeds and herbs and taken them back to Emory for a thorough chemical analysis.
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One time, Quave tried to drive her four-wheeler up a steep pile of dirt, rolling off and burning the back of her knee on the motor.
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But if an antibiotic could disrupt bacteria's ability to collaborate, instead of killing them outright, it could render them more vulnerable and "sidestep resistance," as Quave puts it.
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Within this already-tiny field, a few groups of researchers are now trying to use this knowledge to derive new medicines, and Quave has become a leader among them.
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Quave sat on an overturned bucket, the casing of her prosthetic leg partially exposed: a 3-D-printed calf-shaped silver shell with a lacy pattern of steampunk flourishes.
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Cassandra Quave, professor of dermatology and human health at Emory University and the senior author on the paper,, decided to revisit the guide in hopes of understanding how traditional medicine worked.
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Looking ahead, Quave would like to determine which compounds are responsible for the specific antibacterial activities observed in the study, and to test formulations of the most promising extracts in wounds infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria.
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Quave suggests that the findings could inform new methods and drugs to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria, but more work needs to be done to understand exactly which compounds are responsible for the effects her team observed.
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During her two-week expedition in the marshes, wetlands and forests of Florida, Quave had already collected close to 175 species — primrose willow, carnivorous sundew, toothache grass, gallberry, black nightshade — but she could not pass this one up.
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"Plants have evolved this amazing array of chemicals that can serve as defense compounds to protect themselves from pathogens, herbivores, and insects," said Quave, who's also trained in medical ethnobotany, the study of plants for medicinal use in various cultures.
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CreditCreditDamon Casarez for The New York Times On a warm, clear evening in March, with the sun still hanging above the horizon, Cassandra Quave climbed aboard a jalapeño-green 4-by-4 and started to drive across her father's ranch in Arcadia, Fla.
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Before this trip to Florida, while reading an old compendium on plants used by Native Americans, Quave had learned that a decoction of N. lutea's roots could treat chills and fever, and that a poultice of its leaves could heal inflamed sores.
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To assess the antimicrobial potential of these Civil War-era remedies, Quave and her colleagues selected three specific plant-based medicines to test in the lab, specifically those derived from the white oak and tulip poplar (both trees) and devil's walking stick (a thorny, woody shrub).
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After working as an ethnobotanical research assistant in Ginestra, a tiny village in southern Italy; earning a Ph.D. in biology at Florida International University in 2008; and completing postdoctoral fellowships, Quave landed her current job as a medical ethnobotanist and assistant professor of dermatology at Emory in 2013.
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In the early evening of our penultimate day in Florida, while driving along the edge of an orchard, with the scent of orange blossoms wafting through the car's open windows and the lime-green sparks of fireflies blinking around us, Quave suddenly cried out to stop the car.
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By revealing the elemental secrets of these plants, Quave has discovered promising candidates for a new generation of drugs that might help resolve one of the greatest threats to public health today: the fact that an increasing number of disease-causing bacteria are rapidly evolving immunity to every existing antibiotic.
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Quave has learned, for example, that leaving a bottle of olive oil and St. John's wort to steep in the sun produces a scarlet solution that heals burn wounds, that immature green walnut can treat fungal infections and that the evergreen shrub Daphne gnidium can stop bleeding and rid dogs of fleas.
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"As we look toward a future where many of our current antibiotics may no longer work with the efficacy to which we have become accustomed, I think it's important to have alternative strategies in development to fill that gap," Cassandra Quave, senior author of the new paper and an ethnobotanist at Emory University, told Gizmodo in an email.
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Quave completed her first post-doctoral fellowship in microbial pathogenesis at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences between 2009-2011. Specifically, she continued her study of medicinal plants in Italy, focusing on anti-biofilm properties in MRSA. Additionally, Quave completed a second post-doctoral teaching fellowship between 2011-2012 with the Emory University Center for Human Health.
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As of January 2018, the mayor of D'Iberville is Russell "Rusty" Quave. He has held this position since 1993 for over two decades.
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Herrick, J. W. (1995). Iroquois Medical Botany. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. Researcher Cassandra Quave at Emory University has used ethnobotany to address the problems that arise from antibiotic resistance.
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Quave notes that the advantage of medical ethnobotany over Western medicine rests in the difference in mechanism. For example, elmleaf blackberry extract focuses instead on the prevention of bacterial collaboration as opposed to directly exterminating them.
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The offensive line was composed of brothers Daniel and Mykhael Quave, who started at right guard and left tackle respectively (Mykhael transitioned to tackle after playing at guard his freshman season), senior center Andre Huval, sophomore right tackle Octravian Anderson, and junior left guard Terry Johnson.
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"The only loss," Quave reported, "was loose lumber and tools amounting to $250". A charter member of the Southern Gulf Coast Yachting Association on April 28, 1901, along with Bay Waveland, Mobile, Southern and Pass Christian, BYC found itself cast in that role again in 1920.
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Cassandra Leah Quave (born June 2, 1978) is an American ethnobotanist, herbarium curator, and associate professor at Emory University. Her research focuses on analyzing natural, plant-based medicine of Mediterranean indigenous cultures to help combat infectious disease and antibiotic resistance. In particular, she studies bacterial biofilm inhibition and quorum-sensing inhibition of botanical extracts for inflammatory skin conditions.
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They have adopted a Bosniak identity in censuses, due to inter-marriage, during the period of SFR Yugoslavia, or due to sociopolitical discrimination against Albanians following the break-up of SFRJ.Andrea Pieroni, Maria Elena Giusti, & Cassandra L. Quave (2011). "Cross-cultural ethnobiology in the Western Balkans: medical ethnobotany and ethnozoology among Albanians and Serbs in the Pešter Plateau, Sandžak, South-Western Serbia." Human Ecology. 39.
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For the past two generations these villages have become partly bosniakicised, due to intermarriage with the surrounding Bosniak population. As such and also due to the Yugoslav wars and thereafter, they have opted to declare themselves in censuses as "Muslims" and "Bosniaks" instead of as Albanians to avoid problems. Elders in these villages are still fluent in Albanian.Andrea Pieroni, Maria Elena Giusti, & Cassandra L. Quave (2011).
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The department produces three productions per year, normally a drama, a children's theatre piece, and a comedy or musical. Their venue is the Joe and Virginia Tatum Theatre. Carey Dinner Theatre began in 1974 as the "Carey Summer Showcase" under the management of Obra Quave. The longest-running dinner theatre in the state of Mississippi (30+ years), CDT brings professional summer theatre to WCU and the surrounding community.
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The house band, The Groove, was led by Ray Chew and features: Deanna Johnston, Paula MacNeill, Wes Quave, Tom Sartori, Storm Lee, Kelli Sae, Jeschelle Magbitang, Carmen Carter, Kara Shaw, Leah Shaffer, Karen Ashe, Christopher "C.J." Emmons, Vann Johnson and Chris "Breeze" Barczynski. The back-up singers were Toni Scruggs and Tanya Diona. Dancing to the band are the house dancers, The Honeybees: Ferly Prado Dunn, Monique Cash, Holly Cruikshank, and Lisa Byrne.
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Another major project of Quave's has been studying quorum-sensing inhibiting (QSI) activity in medicinal plants that prevent bacterial cells from effectively communicating, colonizing, and releasing toxins. Her focus has been upon both the Brazilian pepper tree extracts (Schinus terebinthifolia) and the European chestnut (Castanea sativa). According to Quave, these QSI extracts could help in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. However, she acknowledges a number of difficulties of the drug development process.
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After collection, the Jimbu plant is dried in a closed area, such as a shed, for several days before it is completely air-dried. About 3288 kilograms of air dried Jimbu was estimated to be collected in Upper Mustang during 2004, and almost all of that was used to sell. Most household income in alpine regions of Nepal is from collection and trade in medicinal plants.Bhattarai, S., Chaudhary, R. P., Quave, C. L., Taylor, R. S. (2010).
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Dual-threat quarterback Terrance Broadway and running backs Elijah McGuire – an elusive sophomore named the conference's offensive player of the year – and Alonzo Harris – a bruising senior – each had over 600 yards rushing and combined for 29 touchdowns to help lead the Ragin' Cajuns' rushing attack, the fifth-best in the Sun Belt Conference. Overall, the offense averaged 30.6 points per game, 55th in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), 228.4 rushing yards per game, 26th in the FBS, and 188.9 passing yards per game, 102nd in the FBS. A trio comprised the Ragin' Cajuns' upper-echelon of receivers – senior James Butler, whose 417 yards led the team, McGuire, whose 40 receptions were best on the team, and Al Riles, a converted defensive back. Larry Pettis was the team's predominant tight end, a second team all-conference honoree The offensive line was anchored by the Quave brothers – senior Daniel, a first team all-conference honoree, and junior Mykhael Quave, a second team all-conference recipient – along with center Terry Johnson, a second team honoree.
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The defensive mechanism of bacterial biofilms in resisting antimicrobial drugs comes from the ability of microbes to develop and hide within a protective extracellular matrix. Quave's work during her first post-doctoral fellowship focused on the significant biofilm-inhibiting activity of 10 individual botanical extracts from unique species of plants, something she believes could be utilized in new drug therapies. Since then, one of her current research projects focuses on finding the specific compounds in the elmleaf blackberry plant (Rubus ulmifolius) that contribute to the property. In doing so, Quave hopes to translate the biofilm inhibiting extracts into a wound management device such as bandages.
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Melissa M. Stilley, superintendent Janice Fultz Richards (D), District A Tom Tolar (R), District B Robin Abrams (R), District C Glenn Westmoreland (R), District D Brett Duncan (I), District E Randy Bush (R), District F Jerry Moore (D), District G Sandra Bailey-Simmons (R), District H Rose Quave Dominguez (R), District I The Board has a long history of racial discrimination in the hiring of teachers. In 1975, it was ordered to ensure one-third of the teaching staff were Black. Both the Board and the Court ignored the mandate for more than thirty years. During the period from 1998 to 2008, the Board hired fewer Black teachers than any other school system in the state.
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