463 Sentences With "quackery" | Random Sentence Generator

" Mr. Alda called on people to not "follow quackery.

The 2900th century was the golden age of American quackery.

"Kids and parents need to know that this practice is quackery."

I think what does happen is this quackery just gets amplified.

Homeopathy might easily be considered the lowest-hanging fruit of medical quackery.

Some health professionals worry that this opens the door to more quackery.

"The government is giving sanction to quackery," said IMA president KK Agarwal.

" He's sick of seeing homeopathy labeled as "pseudoscience," or "quackery," or a "scam.

Rather than subsidising quackery, he would do China more good by championing science.

Chelation is the branch of quackery that most alarms him at the moment.

It may sound like quackery, but this is a legitimate project backed by IBM.

Letter of Recommendation Ear candles are widely and emphatically denounced by doctors as quackery.

We see it with cancer, we see all sorts of cancer quackery popping up.

According to Mr Zhu, they "blurred the line" between regulated traditional medicine and outright quackery.

In 20013, Dynatone was at the forefront of an FDA awareness-raising campaign about quackery.

That helped to reassure Lisy, Amy's partner, who initially thought the idea reeked of quackery.

But these church ladies and their pastors dish up a special kind of moral quackery.

Joe Rogan is a transphobic bigot who shills for quackery and cuddles up to dangerous racists.

Is it just modern-day quackery, a hankering for any life-prolonging quicksilver, however unscientific and unorthodox?

Alas, a similar quackery increasingly infects politics across the Western world, and the side-effects are grave.

He became something of an expert on the history of quackery and the methods of promoting it.

Skeptics promote science and reason over superstition and quackery, and have a big overlap with the atheist community.

I'm not about to abandon a belief in the importance of randomized controlled trials for separating medicine from quackery.

"The genesis of this project stems from a fascination and fetishism with medical equipment and quackery," Atkinson told me.

Some of those opinions are science-based, and others are veiled quackery with little evidence to back them up.

"At some point I heard that people were being treated with ketamine, but suspected this was quackery," he says.

It isn't hard to see why the Trumps have adapted the conventions of quackery and self-styled self-help gurus.

These practices have no basis in science or medicine and they will now be relegated to the dustbin of quackery.

There is plenty of fodder for Paltrow's critics, who have accused the former film star of elitism, quackery, and ignorance.

As for the Parkers of today, they would be online, researching their next twinge in the annals of digital quackery.

Incidences of such quackery should be reduced by a study published in this week's Lancet by Dr Charman and his colleagues.

The 1864 Spectropia used optical illusions to manifest ghosts in Victorian homes, and was designed to attack the quackery of Spiritualism.

But Goldstein is serious about his work, and the film addresses the criticisms and accusations of quackery that have plagued him.

In developed countries, leech applications are often, and perhaps unfairly, associated with quackery, like the once popular practice of bleeding patients.

"It's really sort of a commentary on product marketing, and especially sort of health-quackery product marketing," he said to Global News.

The fact that journalists are ridiculing Thiel's investments in medical research as quackery reveals their ignorance for the need for such investigations.

Dodgy postings for questionable medical treatments may have led to a cancer patient's death—after reportedly he paid $203,000 for the quackery.

Jones falls for a very common logical fallacy, especially in the field of quackery, that a lot of people nevertheless find convincing.

What to ignore and what to privilege—that discernment can be the difference between brilliance and quackery, and between fame and obscurity.

Epstein contrasts "quackery" with "legitimate research," and "craziness" with "serious science," but the crucial question of how to distinguish between them is unaddressed.

This was more quackery, attributing a recent uptick in the self-reported sex lives of male redheads to the celebrity of Ed Sheeran .

But for decades, from the tail end of World War I until just before D-Day, Brinkley's increasingly popular quackery could not be contained.

Second, without credible science, the void has been filled with an explosion in the growth of quackery and the harm that comes with it.

"Torture" is what Washington later called the quackery, describing with remarkable deadpan the regular administration of ice-cold enemas as the antidote for any ailment.

But they can't go after every little fish in the sea of quackery out there, so some of these products may simply fall through the gaps.

YouTube is filled with time-wasting distractions: sports bloopers, alt-right propaganda, fitness and nutrition quackery, trick shot bros, "let's play" video game tutorials, and firearms.

Dr Asghar, deputy director of the Anti-Quackery Department of the Pakistani province of Punjab, spends his days hunting for people practising medicine without the proper qualifications.

The Anti-Quackery division had sealed the shop next door, but an enterprising fraudster has simply rented the adjacent premises and knocked a hole through the wall.

The field of psychology had never been particularly welcoming to queers, but by the time Nicolosi began practicing, attempts to convert gays had already been relegated to quackery.

A consensus has started to emerge in the media: Cable news networks must stop airing the president's daily coronavirus briefings in full, which are dense with dangerous quackery.

It is historically an area rich in hope, hype and quackery, and it will take some time for well-founded research to clean the stables—if, indeed, it can.

And Bill Nye Saves the World's agenda is explicitly skeptical — that is, it's geared toward debunking false assumptions about science, bad pseudoscience, medical quackery, and harmful non-scientific beliefs.

In order to dominate the market, they slandered all other modalities as "quackery," including midwifery, which we know achieved safer birth outcomes back then, as it still does today.

They surely fear that overhauling their targets and tools could lead to a free-for-all in which stability and independence give way to populist interference or even economic quackery.

Quackery alarm bells will no doubt start ringing for the cynical when she starts talking about seeing the soul through the eyes and raw food cleansing the soul, yadda yadda.

But Amazon in particular—with its massive audience and extraordinary revenue—is remarkable for how little it has changed despite numerous investigations of quackery and review manipulation over the years.

This form of quackery, rooted in the idea that gay people are mentally ill and need to be "cured," has been thoroughly discredited by the medical and mental health establishment.

This form of quackery, rooted in the idea that gay people are mentally ill and need to be "cured," has been thoroughly discredited by the medical and mental health establishments.

"Manly Health and Training" is a kind of self-help book, steeped in the pseudoscience and quackery that Whitman embraced as less durable ways of seeking a path toward the new.

Nowadays there's the internet, replete with a virtual tsunami of information offered by all kinds of sources, from experts equipped with evidence-based facts to people selling products or outright quackery.

The allegations reported by BuzzFeed News included unwanted sexual advances and groping at conferences of atheists and skeptics, a movement against superstition and quackery in which Krauss has risen to celebrity status.

Even if governments have recently been able to borrow more than many policymakers expected, the notion that unlimited borrowing does not eventually catch up with an economy is a form of quackery.

Also in the FDA's corner are a large number of scientists and doctors, who argue that clinical trials are the only standard that allows putative medicines to be distinguished from outright quackery.

"None of these parents were jailed," said Rita Swan, founder of Children's Healthcare Is a Legal Duty, a website devoted to ending child abuse or neglect related to religion, cultural practices or quackery.

For starters, she and others have pointed out that jade eggs are a prime example of quackery, with many proponents claiming that they will not only rejuvenate your vagina, but also restore your chi.

Here is a brief review of some of those beautifying gadgets, which, if not for torturous pain, quackery, government interference, surveillance technology, or Clockwork Orange–esque stylings, might still be darkening our bedside tables today.

His absurdly fast "Blur" schemes at first seemed like quackery, but they put points on the board — 47 per game in 2010 — and have been copied by teams ranging from Ohio State to the New England Patriots.

Medicine and religion are already the site of many fraught interactions: to bring a treatment into the mainstream, clinical trials and clear measures of progress are needed; otherwise, insurers and politicians will dismiss psychedelic therapy as sheer quackery.

Say what you will about the putative benefits of Goop's vaginal egg stones or the whole rotten "detox" industry; claiming to be able to survive without food or water goes well beyond the pale of New Age quackery.

They form a kind of turn-of-the-century geek squad, employing criminal psychology — a field still separating itself from quackery — and such newfangled techniques as fingerprint collection, which the police eschew in favor of old-fashioned beatings.

As infections linked to this outbreak spread as far as Michigan, I can't help wondering what has made some of us dismiss basic science, embrace quackery and treat objective truths as if they are no more than suggestions.

In part it's the complexity of the modern world and the rate of technological and social change: Quackery provides what Saul Bellow once called a "five-cent synthesis," boiling down the chaotic tangle of the age into simple nostrums.

The arguments tend to involve pseudoscience—speculation about the effects of increased sunlight over the British Isles in a warming climate, misunderstanding of the nature of recessive genes—and can often be traced, like much quackery, to profit motive.

History-based podcasts like Lore and The Dollop have gained popularity in recent years partly because there's just so much oddness in the annals of human history that's predicated on quirky belief systems, from medical quackery to the paranormal.

"If a fundraiser is for treatment for a serious or life threatening condition such as cancer, it ought to be reviewed before it is sent live, especially if it contains terminology that raises red flags for quackery," Marshall told the BMJ.

Enter Youngevity: As The Daily Beast's Tim Mak found in investigating the company, Youngevity sells health supplements approved by a naturopath, not by medical doctors; most reputable health scientists regard naturopathy as pseudoscientific quackery, and supplements in particular are basically useless.

I started Abortion Access Front because anti-abortion zealots fill platforms like Twitter and Facebook daily with dangerous and medically inaccurate quackery that has resulted in politicians using these lies as the basis for hundreds and hundreds of abortion restrictions.

The study released on Monday by researchers at the non-partisan Peterson Institute for International Economics illustrates how, even as the New York businessman pledges to boost growth and create millions of jobs, most mainstream economists view his economic policies as dangerous quackery.

The health benefits associated with charcoal-infused foods are dubious quackery at best, especially in ice cream, and yet every day there'd be dozens of people standing outside, taking selfies with their cones, which they took three licks of and promptly threw away.

The families' ventures into a realm that some would call quackery were typically inspired by love, desperation and hope, and were fueled by irrepressible grit and determination to find solutions to debilitating health problems that defied the best that conventional medicine could offer.

Here's a rundown from a Mother Jones profile of the AAPS: Think Glenn Beck with an MD. ... The AAPS statement of principles declares that it is "evil" and "immoral" for physicians to participate in Medicare and Medicaid, and its journal is a repository for quackery.

Last year, in her big examination of Gwyneth Paltrow's business, Taffy Brodesser-Akner argued the full range of Big Wellness, from the reasonable to the quackery, addresses the gap between what ails you and what the US health care system and popular press provide about your life.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is being called on the carpet to explain why it gave tens of millions of dollars to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a United Nations agency that has been accused of "quackery" and "cherry picking" its facts.

These devices, as well as foot-powered breast-enlargement pumps, metal pods promising rejuvenation, and the Relaxacisor, a machine that promised to slim and tone women's bodies through electrical shocks while they lay idle, are displayed in a wing at the Science Museum of Minnesota dedicated to quackery.

""Self-styled Hot Dog Water CEO Douglas Bevans," who is actually a tour operator and artist, told Global News that the obviously falsified claims were part of an intentional, good-natured awareness-raising stunt and "really sort of a commentary on product marketing, and especially sort of health-quackery product marketing.

Goop and the sticker's manufacturers both deleted their claims after getting fact-checked by current and former NASA employees, one of whom called it "a load of BS."After years of marketing its insufferable brand of "rich-white-lady-booking-a-trip-to-Bali-to-find-herself" quackery toward women, Goop could come under fire legally.

The title alone speaks volumes: Premiering more than 20 years after "Bill Nye the Science Guy" started on PBS, the new series is pitched primarily toward adults, casting the bow-tie-wearing Nye as an advocate and science warrior, trying to beat back the anti-scientific thought and quackery that's prevalent, especially within the political sphere.

As Rasputin sold quackery to the Romanovs, so Britain's PM has peddled a fantasy, milquetoast Brexit that tries to reconcile the fringe "no-dealers" in her own party, for whom compromise with Brussels on issues like freedom of movement is treasonous, and with those who never wanted to leave in the first place, many of whom want a second referendum.

On Beauty IN 1838, Robert Collyer, a British-born medical student turned American mesmerist, described New York City as a place where ''much quackery abounds, where any one who has the impudence may leave his foreplane, or lapstone, or latherbrush, and become a Physician; where any unlettered biped who has sufficient cant and hypocrisy may become a Minister of the Gospel.

Now, despite what seems to be implied by my friend's choice of reading material, it would be the epitome of hackish quackery (or quackish hackery) for me to suggest that Rodriguez is a narcissist in the clinical sense—this despite centaur-based evidence in support of the proposition (and a good amount of less mythological evidence, too)—because I am not competent to diagnose him, being neither an A-Rod confidant nor a psychologist.

Many doctors are enraged that the AMA, which claims to represent American physicians, would support a nominee who is intent on dismantling the Affordable Care Act (ACA), Medicaid, and Medicare without any offering any viable alternatives for ensuring high-quality, financially sound healthcare access for all Americans; who has worked to systematically undermine women's health reproductive rights at every turn; and who belongs to a fringe medical organization, the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, that promotes frank medical quackery and conspiracy theory.

The name is anodyne, but the group is anything but: Perhaps he was so attracted to the AAPS vision of doctors as special and "outside of the herd" to the point that he ignored its simultaneous promotion of dangerous medical quackery, such as antivaccine pseudoscience blaming vaccines for autism, including a view that is extreme even among antivaccine activists, namely that the "shaken baby syndrome" is a "misdiagnosis" for vaccine injury; its HIV/AIDS denialism; its blaming immigrants for crime and disease; its promotion of the pseudoscience claiming that abortion causes breast cancer using some of the most execrable "science" ever; its rejection of evidence-based guidelines as an unacceptable affront on the godlike autonomy of physicians; or the way the AAPS rejects even the concept of a scientific consensus about anything.

The Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij or VtdK (English: Association Against Quackery or Society Against Quackery) is a Dutch organisation that investigates the claims of alternative medicine and opposes quackery.

Electro-metabograph machine on display in the "Quackery Hall of Fame" in the Science Museum of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, US "Quackery is the promotion of false and unproven health schemes for a profit. It is rooted in the traditions of the marketplace", with "commercialism overwhelming professionalism in the marketing of alternative medicine". Quackery is most often used to denote the peddling of the "cure- alls" described above. Quackery continues even today; it can be found in any culture and in every medical tradition.

Nostrums and Quackery and Pseudo- Medicine. Press of American Medical Association. p. 16 In the 1920s, Koch falsely advertised his cancer cure product as being sponsored by the University of Michigan. The University dissociated itself from Koch's quackery.

Awarded the Gebroeders Bruinsma Erepenning by Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij (Society against Quackery).

Cornelis Nicolaas Maria "Cees" Renckens (born 29 May 1946) is a Dutch Doctor of Medicine, gynaecologist, and a well-known skeptical activist against quackery. From 1988 to 2011, he was president of the Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij (VtdK: Dutch Society Against Quackery), which has been actively opposed to all non-science-based medicine since its foundation in 1881. Renckens has written several books about alternative medicine, pseudoscience and quackery.

Holbrook, Stewart. (1959). The Golden Age of Quackery. Collier Books. p. 46Purgation Unlimited. Quackwatch.

"Honegar" and Folk Medicine. Western Folklore 20 (3): 203.Lamont-Havers, R. (1963). Arthritis Quackery.

Operating under a pro-active Anti-Quackery Strategy, the PHC is running an organized, strategic and consolidated campaign against quackery. This involves mobilizing the general public and utilizing district administrations and its own enforcement team to undertake decisive, sustainable and synchronized action against quacks.

New York: Routledge. Quantum mysticism is considered by most scientists and philosophers to be pseudoscience or quackery.

A notable work Trimmer authored was The Natural History of Quackery which documented the history of quackery. He authored the book under the pseudonym Eric Jameson in 1961. He published under the pseudonym because the General Medical Council advised him that publication under his own name would constitute advertisement.

In Stephen Barrett. The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America. Prometheus Books. pp. 236-240.

The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America. Prometheus Books. pp. 363-364. Raso, Jack. (2003).

Like all homeopathy, it is regarded by the medical and scientific communities as pseudoscience and its practice as quackery.

The college insinuated that such premature dissolution of the council will encourage quackery and malpractice in the health sector.

He was also notable due to his affinity for exposing quacks, notably the goat-gland surgeon John R. Brinkley, and campaigning for regulation of medical devices. His book Fads and Quackery in Healing debunks homeopathy, osteopathy, chiropractic, Christian Science, radionics and other dubious medical practices.Tobey, James A. (1933). Fads and Quackery in Healing.

The quacksalvers sold their wares on the market shouting in a loud voice. Common elements of general quackery include questionable diagnoses using questionable diagnostic tests, as well as untested or refuted treatments, especially for serious diseases such as cancer. Quackery is often described as "health fraud" with the salient characteristic of aggressive promotion.

She is an outspoken proponent of science communication and opposes anti-vaccination propaganda, and all quackery and pseudoscience in general.

Nostrums and Quackery, Volume 2. Press of American Medical Association. pp. 697-705Campbell, P. S. (1922). Nostrum and Quack Evil.

I urge a reconsideration of advertising and promotion policies in chiropractic."Joseph C. Keating, Jr., "Quackery in Chiropractic", Dynamic Chiropractic, February 15, 1991, Vol. 09, Issue 04 In an article on quackery, W. T. Jarvis has stated that "Non-scientific health care (e.g., acupuncture, ayurvedic medicine, chiropractic, homeopathy, naturopathy) is licensed by individual states.

"Tho-radia" powder, based on radium and thorium, according to the formula of Dr. Alfred Curie (not related to Pierre and Marie Curie) Borjomi mineral water ad from 1929, advertising the water as "radioactive". The water is still popular today, but said property is no longer emphasized. Radioactive quackery is quackery that improperly promotes radioactivity as a therapy for illnesses. Unlike radiotherapy, which is the scientifically sound use of radiation for the destruction of cells (usually cancer cells), quackery involving radioactive substances pseudoscientifically promotes radiation as healthful and healing for cells and tissues.

Raso, Jack. (1993). Vitalistic Gurus and Their Legacies. In Stephen Barrett. The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America.

Nutritionist Frederick J. Stare included Lindlahr's Calorie Countdown in a list of books on nutritional quackery, which "ought not to be on anyone's shelves."Stare, Frederick J. (March 10, 1964). Health Frauds and Quackery. In Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Frauds and Misrepresentations Affecting the Elderly of the Special Committee on Aging United States Senate Eighty-Eighth Congress Second Session Part 3.

The Punjab Healthcare Commission aims to improve the quality, safety and efficiency of healthcare services and ban quackery in all its forms and manifestations.

Gustavus Katterfelto Gustavus Katterfelto (or Katerfelto) (c. 1743-1799) was a Prussian conjurer, scientific lecturer, and quack.Maple, Eric. (1968). Magic, Medicine & Quackery. Hale. p. 124.

Outside of the alternative medicine community, scientists have long considered homeopathy a sham or a pseudoscience, and the mainstream medical community regards it as quackery.

A swindler is generally a charlatan, a person practicing quackery, fraud, or similar confidence trick in order to obtain money, property, or advantage by pretense.

94 There is no scientific evidence that prolonged fasting provides any significant health benefits.Kuske, Terrence T. (1983). Quackery and Fad Diets. In Elaine B. Feldman.

On Quackery and How To Fight It (1929), a book published by the DGBK. Since 1899, there was a Quackery Commission in the umbrella organisation of physicians' associations, the Ärztlicher Vereinsbund.Jens-Uwe Teichler: "Der Charlatan strebt nicht nach Wahrheit, er verlangt nur nach Geld": Zur Auseinandersetzung zwischen naturwissenschaftlicher Medizin und Laienmedizin im deutschen Kaiserreich am Beispiel von Hypnotismus und Heilmagnetismus. Franz Steiner Verlag, 2002. . p.171f.

Fredericks' ideas about nutrition have been described as "nonsense" and "quackery".Long, Patricia J; Shannon, Barbara. (1983). Nutrition: An Inquiry Into the Issues. Prentice Hall. p.

The Golden Age of Quackery. Collier Books. pp. 37-38Nash, Jay Robert. (1976). Hustlers and Con Men: An Anecdotal History of the Confidence Man and His Games.

B. A. G. Fuller: History of Philosophy: Modern, "Locke, Berkeley, and Hume". It was regarded by medical experts to be quackery.Jameson, Eric. (1961). The Natural History of Quackery.

Fads and Quackery in Healing: An Analysis of the Foibles of the Healing Cults. New York: Covici Friede. pp. 5-6Whitwell, W. L. (1977). James Graham, Master Quack.

442Schaller, Warren Edward; Carroll, Charles Robert. (1976). Health, Quackery & the Consumer. Saunders. p. 133. Historian Nancy Tomes has written that most physicians have dismissed Jarvis's ideas.Tomes, Nancy. (2016).

69Frauds Against the Elderly: Health Quackery . U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980. p. 51Griffiths, Margaret J; Murray, Kathleen H; Russo, Phyllis C. (1984). Oncology Nursing: Pathophysiology, Assessment, and Intervention.

"Tho-radia powder" box, an example of radioactive quackery. While quackery is often aimed at the aged or chronically ill, it can be aimed at all age groups, including teens, and the FDA has mentioned some areas where potential quackery may be a problem: breast developers, weight loss, steroids and growth hormones, tanning and tanning pills, hair removal and growth, and look-alike drugs. In 1992, the president of The National Council Against Health Fraud, William T. Jarvis, wrote in Clinical Chemistry that: Scientology's E-Meter, a quack device for measuring 'engrams' For those in the practice of any medicine, to allege quackery is to level a serious objection to a particular form of practice. Most developed countries have a governmental agency, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US, whose purpose is to monitor and regulate the safety of medications as well as the claims made by the manufacturers of new and existing products, including drugs and nutritional supplements or vitamins.

General William Tecumseh Sherman and Mexican bandido Tiburcio Vasquez were among his patients.ETW 44:4, 294. Before the "Anti-Quackery Law" was enacted in 1876, doctors were not licensed.

News, Newspapers and Society in Early Modern Britain. Frank Cass Publishers. p. 185. Kang, Lydia; Pedersen, Nate. (2017). Quackery: A Brief History of the Worst Ways to Cure Everything.

Nutrition in the Middle and Later Years. John Wright & Sons. pp. 291–303. Barrett, Stephen; Jarvis, William T. (1993). The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America.

She enjoyed success and fame, but was also subjected to lawsuits from the authorities for quackery. She is one of the most well-known figures in the history of Bavaria.

Medical experts consider natural hygiene practices such as anti-vaccination, fasting and food combining to be quackery.Pepper, Claude (1984). Quackery: A $10 Billion Dollar Scandal. U.S. Government Printing Office. p.

Jameson, Eric. (1961). The Natural History of Quackery. Charles C. Thomas Publisher. pp. 62-64 Katterfelto was an accomplished conjurer, who performed with a black cat which he advertised as "evil".

Batmanghelidj's ideas about water curing all diseases have been criticised as quackery by medical experts.Hall, Harriet. (2010). "The Water Cure: Another Example of Self Deception and the “Lone Genius”". Science-Based Medicine.

As a potential drug, phosphorylethanolamine has undergone human clinical trials. These were halted when no evidence of benefit was found. Edzard Ernst has called Phosphorylethanolamine "the most peculiar case of Brazilian quackery".

Middletown Daily Record (May 12, 1960). Nutritionist Frederick J. Stare included Poisons in Your Food in a list of least desirable books on nutritional quackery.Stare, Frederick J. (1964). Health Frauds and Quackery.

In one chapter, Lasagna had criticized popular alternative medicine ideas and famous quacks such as Franz Mesmer and Elisha Perkins."Man's Gullibility Keeps Art of Quackery Thriving". The Victoria Advocate. May 27, 1962.

Writing in the journal Vaccine, Anna Kata identified Natural News as one of numerous websites spreading "irresponsible health information". According to John Banks, Adams uses "pseudoscience to sell his lies" and is "seen as generally a quack and a shill by science bloggers." One such blogger, David Gorski of ScienceBlogs, called Natural News "one of the most wretched hives of scum and quackery on the Internet," and the most "blatant purveyor of the worst kind of quackery and paranoid anti-physician and anti-medicine conspiracy theories anywhere on the Internet", and a one-stop-shop for "virtually every quackery known to humankind, all slathered with a heaping, helping of unrelenting hostility to science-based medicine and science in general." Peter Bowditch of the website Ratbags commented about the site.

The Natural History of Swamp Root. In The Golden Age of Quackery. Collier Books. pp. 113-120 Dr. S. Andral Kilmer (1840–1924) developed the Swamp Root formula and began selling it around 1878.

"Medical quackery and promotion of nostrums and worthless drugs were among the most prominent abuses that led to formal self-regulation in business and, in turn, to the creation of the" Better Business Bureau.

Psychiatrist and critic of psychiatry Thomas Szasz, author of The Myth of Mental Illness (1961), believed Hoffer's view of schizophrenia as a physical disease treatable with vitamins and self-help therapy to be "pure quackery".

Rickman, F; Mitchell, N; Dingman, J; Dalen, J. E. (1974). Changes in serum cholesterol during the Stillman diet. Journal of the American Medical Association 228 (1): 54-58.Kuske, Terrence T. Quackery and Fad Diets.

In October 2012, the South African medicine company Solal Technologies filed a defamation lawsuit against Kevin Charleston due to a Quackdown article he published that denounces the company's magazine Health Intelligence for quackery and pseudoscience.

Retrieved on 2017-04-30. The Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij (Dutch association against charlatans, or quackery) has ranked Hofmans in the 14th place of the top twenty charlatans of the 20th century in the Netherlands.

Butchell practiced as a dental quack in the 1770s London and travelled around on a white pony, painted with purple spots.Jameson, Eric. (1961). The Natural History of Quackery. Charles C. Thomas Publisher. pp. 182-183.

According to Leo Africanus, ibn Zuhr heard Averroes lecture, and learned physic from him. He was a great admirer of Galen, and in his writings he protests emphatically against quackery and the superstitious remedies of astrologers.

Medical experts accused Christian of promoting a fad diet and called him the "dean of American food faddists".Cramp, Arthur J. (1936). Nostrums and Quackery and Pseudo-Medicine, Volume 3. Press of American Medical Association. pp.

Advertisement for the Swoboda system Alois P. Swoboda (1873–1938) was an American quack and physical culture mail-order instructor.Cramp, Arthur J. (1921). Nostrums and Quackery, Volume 2. Press of American Medical Association. pp. 788-796.

Others saw in the events a symptom of the people's disenchantment with the new Republican regime, as belief and support of quackery was very much at odds with the positivist and secularist values that it espoused.

Patients in the clinic were fed raw foods, including muesli which was created there. While these ideas were dismissed by scientists and the medical profession of his day as quackery, they gained a following in some quarters.

For much of the history of the chiropractic profession chiropractors showed little interest in scientific research and regarded their principles and practices as valid. Despite heavy opposition by mainstream medicine, by the 1930s chiropractic was the largest alternative healing profession in the U.S. Long-standing American Medical Association (AMA) policies against chiropractic contributed to a lack of acceptance within mainstream public health. The AMA created the Committee on Quackery "to contain and eliminate chiropractic." Using the Committee on Quackery, efforts were made to prevent the participation of chiropractic in organized health care.

10-11 The Journal of the American Medical Association, noted in 1918: > In brief, the case against the so-called Swoboda System may be summed up by > saying that "Conscious Evolution" is a meaningless phrase whose apparent use > is to obtain money by misleading and deceiving the public, that the Swoboda > exercises are new or original; that the entire Swoboda scheme is quackery of > the "physical culture" type.Anonymous. (1918). Swoboda's "Conscious > Evolution": Quackery and Pseudo-Science of the Physical Culture Type. > Journal of the American Medical Association 70 (1): 799-802.

Formal charges were directed against her, and she was duly investigated by the medical authorities for quackery. Upon examination, however, Lovisa Åhrberg was deemed to have sufficient medical knowledge for the practice she was conducting and free from all forms of harmful practice. She was thereby acquitted from quackery and given permission to practice medicine, despite the fact that this was formally banned for females. Her position could be compared with that of her contemporary Amalia Assur, who was given special dispensation to practice dentistry despite the fact that this was prohibited for females.

In 2008 Duchy Originals partnered with the alternative medicine company Nelsons to produce a line of herbal remedies. This led to controversy, in which leading UK scientists said that Duchy Originals promoted its herbal remedies with scientifically unsound claims. Edzard Ernst, the UK's first professor of complementary medicine, said Duchy Originals detox products were "outright quackery".Prince Charles detox 'quackery', BBC News, 10 March 2009 Subsequently, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency ruled that healing claims were misleading and required the company to amend an advertising campaign promoting two herbal medicines.

In 1783 he left the West Indies, returned to England, and settled at Bath, where he became in volved in many disputes with his professional colleagues and others. These arose partly from his determined opposition to quacks and quackery—his attempts to expose and suppress quackery may be seen as quixotic, but they were no less laudable. His temper was, however, altogether unfit for the warfare which he brought about. He was naturally querulous, hot, and irascible, and his disposition had been soured by disappointments in domestic life.

66 and promoted a vegetarian diet with emphasis on fruits, vegetables, and unprocessed grains. Jackson believed his diet could cure intemperance and masturbation.Mrozek, Donald J. (1987). The Scientific Quest for Physical Culture and the Persistent Appeal of Quackery.

Another, though less noticed controversy he started by expressing his view that drug metabolism is wasted and called for the development of metabolism- resistant drugs. In addition, he followed in the tradition of Dutch pharmacists to combat quackery.

He was subjected to the usual quackery, cautery and bleeding.P. Rosini, La malattia del Cardinale Alessandro Farnese (Banca dati "Nuovo Rinascimento" 2 Maggio 2008) p. 2, citing archival material newly discovered by her. He was attended by Msgr.

This consisted of vinegar with muriate of soda which he tested in New York City during an outbreak in 1799. The cure had no effect and Perkins contracted the fever and died.Holbrook, Stewart. (1959). The Golden Age of Quackery.

Renckens' aversion to alternative medicine led him to join the Society Against Quackery in 1980, and from 1988 to 2011 he served as its president. In 1991, the Society's board offered Wim de Bie, of the television comedy duo Van Kooten en De Bie, an honorary membership in the society for his personification of "Berendien uut Wisp", a fictional quack offering various dubious herbal treatments without expertise; this was a clear pastiche of a real televised controversial herbalist known as Klazien uut Zalk. Instead of accepting the honorary membership, Van Kooten and De Bie invited Renckens to join them on their weekly satirical programme for an interview, in which he explained that he was filing a (fictional) complaint against Berendien, and gave serious reasons for opposing quackery. With this appearance, Renckens rose to national fame, and the Society against Quackery regained relevance in the public eye.

The diet is extremely unbalanced and is a health danger to those with hypertension because of the high salt content of the sardines.Hines, Terence. (1988). Chapter Health and Nutrition Quackery. In Pseudoscience and the Paranormal: A Critical Examination of the Evidence.

Harriet A. Hall (born July 2, 1945) is a U.S. retired family physician, former U.S. Air Force flight surgeon and skeptic who writes about alternative medicine and quackery for Skeptic and Skeptical Inquirer. She writes under the name The SkepDoc.

Alexander's statements about cod liver oil curing arthritis have been described by the Federal Trade Commission and medical health experts as deceptive, false, misleading and quackery.Lamont-Havers, Ronald W. (1963). Arthritis Quackery. American Journal of Nursing 63 (3): 92-95.

Other stories of lost continents, such as Mu and Lemuria also arose during the late 19th century. In 1881 the Dutch Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij (English: Society against Quackery) was formed to oppose pseudoscientific trends in medicine. It is still active.

Grape therapy, also known as ampelotherapy, is a form of naturopathic alternative medicine that involves heavy consumption of grapes, including seeds, and parts of the vine, including leaves. The concept has no scientific basis and is widely regarded as quackery.

The Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung des Kurpfuschertums (DGBK; English: German Society for Fighting Quackery) was a skeptical association founded in 1903 for consumer protection against quackery. It opposed the Kurierfreiheit ("Curing freedom", the right to treat illnesses without being medically educated), that existed in Germany from 1869/1872 until the adoption of the Heilpraktikergesetz ("Healers' Law") in 1939. The association originated after the example of the Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung der Geschlechtskrankheiten (DGBG; "German Society for Fighting Venereal Diseases"), and is counted as one of the predecessors of the Gesellschaft zur wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung von Parawissenschaften (GWUP).

The magazine Spiked included Barrett in a survey of 134 persons they termed "key thinkers in science, technology and medicine." When he was asked: "What inspired you to take up science?" he replied that his appreciation of medical science: > probably began when I took a college course in medical statistics, and > learned what makes the difference between scientific thought and poor > reasoning. Medical school brought me in touch with the rapid and amazing > strides being made in the understanding and treatment of disease. My anti- > quackery activities have intensified my interest and concern in > distinguishing science from pseudoscience, quackery and fraud.

Although the International Academy of Oral Medicine & Toxicology claims that the scientific evidence establishing the existence of jawbone cavitations is overwhelming, and even published in textbooks, the diagnosis and related treatment remain controversial,IAOMT, "IAOMT position paper on jawbone osteonecrosis", International Academy of Oral Medicine & Toxicology, 27 Jul 2014. and allegations of quackery persist.Stephen Barrett, "A critical look at cavitational osteopathosis, NICO, and 'biological dentistry'", Quackwatch, 4 Apr 2010. Huggins and many biological dentists also espouse Weston Price's findings on endodontically treated teeth routinely being foci of infection, although these dentists have been accused of quackery.

The eighteenth-century medical marketplace, a period often referred to as the "Golden Age of quackery", was a highly pluralistic one that lacked a well-defined and policed division between "conventional" and "unconventional" medical practitioners.; In much of continental Europe legal remedies served to control at least the most egregious forms of "irregular" medical practice but the medical market in both Britain and American was less restrained through regulation.; Quackery in the period prior to modern medical professionalisation should not be considered equivalent to alternative medicine as those commonly deemed quacks were not peripheral figures by default nor did they necessarily promote oppositional and alternative medical systems. Indeed, the charge of 'quackery', which might allege medical incompetence, avarice or fraud, was levelled quite indiscriminately across the varied classes of medical practitioners be they regular medics, such as the hierarchical, corporate classes of physicians, surgeons and apothecaries in England, or irregulars such as nostrum mongers, bonesetters and local wise-women.

Hohensee described himself as a doctor but held no valid qualifications. It was discovered that his "Doctor of Naturopathy" degree was obtained from two schools he never attended.Barrett, Stephen; Jarvis, William T. (1993). The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America.

Barrett, Stephen; Jarvis, William T. (1993). The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America. Prometheus Books. pp. 382-384\. For example, Rodale accused sugar of "causing criminals", and blamed various diseases including bronchitis and pneumonia on the consumption of bread.

Curie later died from aplastic anaemia, likely caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. By the 1930s, after a number of cases of bone necrosis and death of radium treatment enthusiasts, radium- containing medicinal products had been largely removed from the market (radioactive quackery).

Forensic > Epidemiology: Integrating Public Health and Law Enforcement. Jones and > Bartlett Publishers. p. 75. Nutritionist Frederick J. Stare included Kordel's Health Through Nutrition in a list of books on nutritional quackery, which "ought not to be on anyone's shelves."Stare, Frederick J. (March 10, 1964).

Pataphysics was a concept expressed by Jarry in a mock-scientific manner, with undertones of spoofing and quackery, as expounded in his novel Exploits and Opinions of Dr. Faustroll, Pataphysician. Here, Jarry toyed with conventional concepts and interpretations of reality. Shattuck, Roger. "Introduction". Jarry, Alfred.

Lugg, A. (1987). Bunkum, Flim-Flam and Quackery: Pseudoscience as a Philosophical Problem. Dialectica, 41(3), 221-230. Some psychotherapists and psychologists practicing various kinds of Body Psychotherapy and Somatic Psychology have continued to use Reich's proposed emotional-release methods and character-analysis ideas.

It has published its magazine ' (Dutch Magazine against Quackery) ever since. In these early years the played a part in the professionalisation of medicine. Its efforts in the public debate helped to make the Netherlands one of the first countries with governmental drug regulation.

A minor planet (1629 Pecker) is named after him. Pecker was a vocal opponent of astrology and pseudo-science and was the president of the Association française pour l'information scientifique (AFIS), a skeptical organisation which promotes scientific enquiry in the face of quackery and obscurantism.

Initially, quackery mainly consisted of the unauthorized practice of medicine and the peddling of "secret remedies". By the 1950s, its focus shifted to magnetizers. Since the 1980s, it has fought against so-called alternative medicine. Primary targets are Chinese acupuncture, homeopathy, manipulative therapy, anthroposophical medicine and naturopathy.

Pankratz received his B.A. from Oregon State University in 1962 and his Ph.D. from the University of Oregon in 1968. He is a lifelong resident of Oregon. In 2012, Pankratz constructed a display of historically significant books about quackery at the Oregon Health & Science University Library.

Dan Dale Alexander (July 18, 1919 – June 15, 1990) was an American nutrition quack, famous for his eccentric beliefs about cod liver oil curing arthritis. He became known as the "Codfather".Barrett, Stephen, Jarvis, William T. (1993). The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America.

Shelton was nominated by the American Vegetarian Party to run as its candidate for President of the United States in 1956. He saw himself as the champion of original natural hygiene ideas from the 1830s. His ideas have been described as quackery by critics.Butler, Kurt. (1992).

The evidence-based practice (EBP) movement in mental health emphasizes the consensus in psychology that psychological practice should rely on empirical research. There are also "anti-quackery" websites, such as Quackwatch, that help consumers evaluate claims. Quackwatch's information is relevant to both consumers and medical professionals.

Information and Organization, 26(4), 101-115. Even though crowdfunding has been suggested to be highly linked to sustainability, empirical validation has shown that sustainability plays only a fractional role in crowdfunding. Its use has also been criticised for funding quackery, especially costly and fraudulent cancer treatments.

In 2000, it published a list of what it called the "greatest quacks of the 20th century". That led to legal and financial troubles. In 2003, it began to award the annual Meester Kackadorisprijs to discourage influential people from spreading quackery. The mock award frequently makes the national news.

Ehret's Innerclean Intestinal Laxative was produced by the Innerclean Manufacturing Company of Los Angeles and was sold through mail order. The Innerclean product was issued with a four-page leaflet advertising the Mucusless-Diet Healing System of Ehret.Camp, Arthur J. (1936). Nostrums and Quackery and Pseudo-Medicine, Volume 3.

From 1887 to 1900 Carter was a member of the General Medical Council and also served as President of the Royal Medical Society. He was bitterly opposed to homeopathy, which he roundly condemned in his final book, Doctors and Their Work, Or, Medicine, Quackery, and Disease, published in 1903.

"Quackwatch: Your Guide to Health Fraud, Quackery, and Intelligent Decisions", Dermatology Nursing, Apr. 2000, p. 134. Accessed 6 November 2019. However, while Lillian Brazin also found it to be biased, she described Quackwatch as credible, and noted both the credentials of the contributors and the thoroughness of the content.

Stephen Joel Barrett (; born 1933) is an American retired psychiatrist, author, co-founder of the National Council Against Health Fraud (NCAHF), and the webmaster of Quackwatch. He runs a number of websites dealing with quackery and health fraud. He focuses on consumer protection, medical ethics, and scientific skepticism.

The word anti-psychiatry is associated with the South African psychiatrist David Cooper, who used it to refer to the ending of the ‘game’ the psychiatrist plays with his or her victim (patient). It has been widely used to refer to the writings and activities of a small group of psychiatrists, most notably R.D. Laing, Aaron Esterson, Cooper, and Thomas Szasz (although he rejects the use of the label in relation to his own work, as did Laing and Esterson), and sociologists (Thomas Scheff). Szasz discards even more what he calls the quackery of ‘antipsychiatry’ than the quackery of psychiatry. Anti-psychiatry can best be understood against the counter- cultural context in which it arose.

90 Kordel made false statements about dieting, for example linking the overconsumption of carbohydrates with cancer. He also made the false claim that vitamin E foods have a beneficial effect on sex organs and that lack of this vitamin may cause sterility.Frauds and Quackery Affecting the Older Citizen. (January 15, 1963).

Wade's books on dieting and health were criticized by medical experts as quackery. His The New Enzyme-Catalyst Diet (1976), recommended with each meal to add raw fruit and vegetables such as bananas, celery, nuts and wheat germ.Stern, Judith S; Nussen-Kane, Bryna. (1979). Obesity: Its Assessment, Risks and Treatment.

The alleged benefits of therapeutic touch are not supported by any scientific evidence.therapeutic touch - The Skeptic's Dictionary - Skepdic.comWhy Therapeutic Touch Should Be Considered Quackery There is an effort amongst scholars to determine the validity of Energy field and acupuncture, but Energy being transferred by hands has yet to be proven.

Hossein Ravazadeh () is an Iranian physician who practices traditional medicine, and is regarded a prominent proponent of quackery and conspiracy theory in Iran. Ravazadeh has students and is secretary-general of the 'Islamic Society of Supporters of Iranian Agriculture', a politically conservative institution founded in 2010 that opposes genetically modified crops.

Werner Appel: 100 Jahre Städtestatistik in Ludwigshafen am Rhein. In: Stadt Ludwigshafen am Rhein (publisher): Stadtentwicklung 2014. Heft 3/2014. p. 27 In 1929, the DGBK suggested creating a law against all forms of quackery, to provide legal prerequisites against people who offer medical treatment or obstetrics without appropriate education.

Macfadden has drawn criticism for requesting in his books for patients not to consult any professional physician. It has been noted by critics that Macfadden was a proponent of unorthodox ideas that are widely derided as quackery such as grape therapy supposedly healing cancer.Gardner, Martin. (2012 edition, originally published in 1957).

Paul Chappuis Bragg (February 6, 1895 – December 7, 1976) was an American alternative health food advocate and fitness enthusiast. Bragg's mentor was Bernarr Macfadden. He wrote on subjects such as detoxification, dieting, fasting, longevity, natural hygiene and physical culture. Medical experts criticized Bragg as a food faddist and promoter of quackery.

"Stollznow, K. (2003) The Ballad of Jed (and the Pet Psychic).Skeptical Inquirer. 19.1. Skeptic Robert Todd Carroll has described the claims of pet psychics as quackery. According to Carroll "the king of the animal quackers has to be Rupert Sheldrake, who thinks he's proved that some pets are psychic.

Laxatives, once called physicks or purgatives, were used extensively in pre-modern medicine to treat many conditions for which they are now generally regarded as ineffective in evidence-based medicine. Likewise, laxatives (often termed colon cleanses) may be promoted in alternative medicine for various conditions of quackery, such as "mucoid plaque".

Darwin enjoyed the attention and the demanding regime which left him no time to feel guilty about not working. His health improved rapidly and he felt that the water-cure was "no quackery".Letter 1236 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 28 Mar 1849. DarwinProject.ac.uk. Retrieved on 15 January 2007.

Over 3,000 health practitioners in the U.S. paid $25 per ampoule for Koch's treatment and charged patients as much as $300 for a single injection.Wallace F. Janssen (1977) Cancer Quackery: Past And Present. FDA Consumer, July–August issue. The FDA sued Koch twice, in 1943 and 1946, but failed to get a conviction.

Goldacre was known for his weekly column, "Bad Science", which ran in the Saturday edition of The Guardian from 2003 until November 2011. The column focused on pseudoscience and the misuse of science. Topics discussed included marketing, the media, quackery, problems with the pharmaceutical industry, and its relationship with medical journals.Goldacre, Ben. (2008).

When skeptics asked him to prove that the money he had collected had in fact been spent on Bibles and balloons, Popoff staged a burglary at his own headquarters. On subsequent broadcasts he tearfully begged for additional donations to help repair the damage."Peter Popoff - Scamming us again". Canadian Quackery Watch. HealthWatch.

Despite never claiming any healing or medical abilities, he is accused of quackery, and with the help of those he has befriended, must defend himself. In the end, Mr. North accepts a position of leadership at an educational and philosophical academy founded by Mr. Bosworth, and begins a romance with Bosworth's granddaughter Persis.

Lust was criticized by medical experts for promoting quackery and was often in conflict with the American Medical Association.Boyle, Eric W. (2013). Quack Medicine: A History of Combating Health Fraud in Twentieth-Century America. Praeger. pp. 85-86. On one occasion Lust was convicted of practicing medicine without a license and fined $100.

Practitioners use unscientific practices and deception on a public who, lacking complex health-care knowledge, must rely upon the trustworthiness of providers. Quackery not only harms people, it undermines the scientific enterprise and should be actively opposed by every scientist." In a 2008 commentary, the chiropractic authors proposed that "the chiropractic profession has an obligation to actively divorce itself from metaphysical explanations of health and disease as well as to actively regulate itself in refusing to tolerate fraud, abuse and quackery, which are more rampant in our profession than in other healthcare professions", a situation which violates the social contract between patients and physicians. Such self-regulation "will dramatically increase the level of trust in and respect for the profession from society at large.

Pietro Longhi: The Charlatan, 1757 A charlatan (also called a swindler or mountebank) is a person practising quackery or some similar confidence trick or deception in order to obtain money, fame or other advantages via some form of pretense or deception. Synonyms for charlatan include shyster, quack, or faker. Mountebank comes from the Italian montambanco or montimbanco based on the phrase monta in banco – literally referring to the action of a seller of dubious medicines getting up on a bench to address his audience of potential customers.Dictionary Reference, possibly a folk etymology Quack is a reference to quackery or the practice of dubious medicine or a person who does not have actual medical training who purports to provide medical services.

Her mother and grandmother worked together as medical practitioners in Malmö. Her grandmother was famous in all Scandinavia as the Lundakvinnan ("Woman of Lund"), and had educated herself to a barber surgeon to avoid being accused of quackery, as did her daughter, the mother of Hedda, for the same reason. When the universities of Sweden were opened to women in 1870, her mother and grandmother decided that she should study medicine at a university and obtain a formal license, to avoid being persecuted and accused of quackery, which had been the case with many women in the history of their family, such as her grandmother and mother. Hedda Andersson was educated at the school of Maria Stenkula, and was admitted to Lund University in 1880.

The lack of convincing scientific evidence supporting its efficacy and its use of preparations without active ingredients have led to characterizations of homeopathy as pseudoscience and quackery, or, in the words of a 1998 medical review, "placebo therapy at best and quackery at worst". The Russian Academy of Sciences considers homeopathy a "dangerous 'pseudoscience' that does not work", and "urges people to treat homeopathy 'on a par with magic. The Chief Medical Officer for England, Dame Sally Davies, has stated that homeopathic preparations are "rubbish" and do not serve as anything more than placebos. In 2013, Mark Walport, the UK Government Chief Scientific Adviser and head of the Government Office for Science said "homoeopathy is nonsense, it is non- science.

American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health 23 (3): 295–296. In 1938, Fishbein authored a two-part article "Modern Medical Charlatans" in the journal Hygeia which criticized the quackery of Brinkley."The Case of Brinkley Vs. Fishbein: Proceedings of a Libel Suit Based on an Article Published in Hygeia". JAMA (journal).

They claimed that many dieters lost weight simply because the Beverly Hills Diet was low in calories. The diet often made many nutritionists' lists of their top 10 fad diets. Nutrition experts have described the Beverly Hills Diet as quackery and based on the discredited idea of food combining. Celebrities, however, embraced the Mazel's book.

The Quackwatch website is Barrett's main platform for describing and exposing what he and other contributors consider to be quackery and health fraud. The website was part of Quackwatch, Inc., a nonprofit corporation founded by Barrett that aims to "combat health-related frauds, myths, fads, fallacies, and misconduct." The non-profit was dissolved in 2008.

Owen's was originally New York based but expanded across the country until they were put out of business due to fraud. In Europe too, there were competitors. The Medical Battery Company of England made a popular belt. They attempted (unsuccessfully) to sue the Electrical Review when that paper accused them of quackery in 1892.

Cover Nederlands Tijdschrift tegen de Kwakzalverij 125 (3). Ever since its foundation in 1881 the organisation has published a magazine, currently titled Nederlands Tijdschrift tegen de Kwakzalverij. Since 2003 it annually hands out the Meester Kackadorisprijs, a mock award given to the person or organisation that is deemed to have promoted quackery the most that year.

It remains unreleased. In August 2015, McKeegan contributed bass to recordings of an original song "Purveyor of Quackery" and a cover of "Another Girl Another Planet" by The Only Ones. The group, consisting of fellow Therapy? members Andy Cairns and Neil Cooper, alongside 'Diamond' Dave Thompson on vocals and Rich Jones on lead guitar, was known as The Gemils.

Followers of the faith were persecuted violently, including by government-led public campaigns and police action. Repression of African religion began early in the Portuguese colonial period, with calundu (spiritual leaders) subject to the Inquisition. The Brazilian Penal Code of 1850 condemned charlatanismo (charlatanry) curandeirismo (quackery). Both Candomblé religious leaders and terreiros were attacked by the police.

Niehans promoted fresh cell therapy as a cancer treatment. In 1963, the American Cancer Society investigated and found "no evidence that treatment with the Fresh Cell Therapy or "CT" results in any objective benefit in the treatment." Fresh cell therapy is considered an unproven method of cancer treatment and quackery by medical experts."Fresh cell therapy".

Perkins claimed they could "draw off the noxious electrical fluid that lay at the root of suffering". The Connecticut Medical Society condemned the tractors as "delusive quackery", and expelled Perkins from membership on the grounds that he was "a patentee and user of nostrums". Perkins nevertheless managed to convince three US medical faculties that his method worked.

University Press of Mississippi. pp. 188-189. Bieler argued there was only one disease called "toxemia" which he blamed for all human ills. He believed that when people stopped poisoning themselves with high-calorie foods, the body would heal itself. Bieler rejected the germ theory of disease and his ideas were rejected by medical experts as quackery.

Quackdown is a South Africa-based website aimed at exposing fraudulent and untested medical treatments. It hosts the "Quackbase" database of untested medical claims and publishes articles on quackery. Quackdown is a joint project of the Treatment Action Campaign, Community Media Trust and several individuals. It is currently edited by Nathan Geffen, Marcus Low and Catherine Tomlinson.

In 1984, he received an FDA Commissioner's Special Citation Award for Public Service in fighting nutrition quackery. He was included in the list of outstanding skeptics of the 20th century by Skeptical Inquirer magazine. In 1986, he was awarded honorary membership in the American Dietetic Association. Barrett has been profiled in Biography Magazine (1998) and in Time (2001).

His address was published inTransvaaal Educational News, and Jokl, seeing this address as an attack on his profession, responded in a paper called 'The Relationship between Health and Efficiency' which he read to the South African Association for the Advancement of Science. Jokl then had his paper published in Transvaal Educational News, with a reply defending Alexander's work. In March 1944 Jokl wrote an article in the South African government journal Manpower (Afrikaans Volkskragte) entitled 'Quackery versus Physical Education' which described the Technique as, among other things, 'a dangerous and irresponsible form of quackery'. In August of that year Alexander was shown the article by Tasker, and responded with a letter to the South African High Commissioner in London asking for a public withdrawal of the remarks and an apology.

In 2002, A4M was a co-recipient of the first "Silver Fleece Award," created to publicize "the most ridiculous claims about antiaging medicine" according to the award's inventor, S. Jay Olshansky.R. J. Davenport, "And the Loser Is ...: Silver Fleece Awards 'honor' antiaging quackery (Questionable therapies)", Science's SAGE KE, February 20, 2002, Accessed January 12, 2015 Heated legal and academic controversies ensued. Olshansky, a biodemographer at the University of Illinois at Chicago, described it as "a lighthearted attempt to make the public aware of...anti-aging quackery". This "award" was presented by Olshansky, who stated that in his opinion, a "suite of anti-aging substances created by Ronald Klatz and Robert Goldman...and sold on the Internet by Market America, Inc." had made "outrageous or exaggerated claims about slowing or reversing human aging".

Osteopathic practitioners added the courses and training of biomedicine to their licensing, and licensed Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine holders began diminishing use of the unscientific origins of the field, and without the original practices and theories, is now considered the same as biomedicine. Until the 1970s, western practitioners that were not part of the medical establishment were referred to "irregular practitioners", and were dismissed by the medical establishment as unscientific or quackery. Irregular practice became increasingly marginalized as quackery and fraud, as western medicine increasingly incorporated scientific methods and discoveries, and had a corresponding increase in success of its treatments. In the 1970s, irregular practices were grouped with traditional practices of nonwestern cultures and with other unproven or disproven practices that were not part of biomedicine, with the group promoted as being "alternative medicine".

Naturopathy is considered by the medical profession to be ineffective and harmful, raising ethical issues about its practice. In addition to condemnations and criticism from the medical community, such as the American Cancer Society, naturopaths have repeatedly been denounced as and accused of being charlatans and practicing quackery. Naturopaths are known for their frequent campaigning for legal recognition in the United States.

A letter from Darwin to Dr. Johnstone in Birmingham dated 1788 exists seeking such evidence and trying to accuse Withering of Quackery – the worst insult that could be used at that time. The letter is in the Osler Withering bequest at the Royal Society of Medicine in London. Darwin wrote two further similarly toned letters to Matthew Boulton in 1789. They all failed.

For this reason, Fletcher's system is potentially dangerous and may be responsible for "constipation of the most serious kind". Physician Morris Fishbein noted that the result of Fletcher's system was a "thorough disturbance of the entire body and the development of intoxication and general disability."Fishbein, Morris. (1932). Fads and Quackery in Healing: An Analysis of the Foibles of the Healing Cults.

Why may > not the growth of your trees afford you as much pleasure as the flourishing > of a colony does to His Majesty, who hath as many, God bless him! as you > have trees. Excuse this piece of quackery. I give you the same advice I > follow myself, and am with great sincerity, dear brother, Your affectionate, > humble servant, Peter Fontaine.

As part of their practice, the Claflins used lye which burned their patient's skin. In June 1864, the police raided the Claflins' hotel clinic and the family fled. Authorities charged the family with nine crimes including disorderly conduct and medical fraud (quackery). Tennessee faced the most serious charge as she was blamed for the death of a patient named Rebecca Howe.

Arrests following similar activity have been made in other countries as well, including Uganda and Thailand. Ozone therapy is sold as an expensive alternative cancer treatment in Germany. David Gorski has described the practice as "pure quackery". Proponents of the therapy falsely claim it is a recognized therapy there, but ozone therapy is not approved by the German medical establishment.

Cupping has been characterized as quackery. The lack of apparent benefits of cupping treatments are discussed by Simon Singh and Edzard Ernst in their 2008 book Trick or Treatment. As a pseudoscientific detoxification ritual, proponents of cupping falsely claim that it can remove unspecified toxins from the body. Proponents also falsely claim that cupping "improves blood flow" to help sore muscles.

Ayurveda () is an alternative medicine system with historical roots in the Indian subcontinent. The theory and practice of Ayurveda is pseudoscientific. The Indian Medical Association (IMA) characterises the practice of modern medicine by Ayurvedic practitioners as quackery. The main classical Ayurveda texts begin with accounts of the transmission of medical knowledge from the gods to sages, and then to human physicians.

On November 2, 1963, the AMA Board of Regents created the "Committee on Quackery" with the goals of first containing, and then eliminating chiropractic. H. Doyle Taylor, the Director of the AMA Department of Investigation and Secretary of the Committee on Quackery, outlined the steps needed:Phillips R (2003), Dynamic Chiropractic Truth and the Politics of knowledge # to ensure that Medicare should not cover chiropractic # to ensure that the U.S. Office of Education should not recognize or list a chiropractic accrediting agency # to encourage continued separation of the two national associations # to encourage state medical societies to take the initiative in their state legislatures in regard to legislation that might affect the practice of chiropractic. The AMA worked to spread information designed to discredit chiropractic through public media and the scientific literature. The longstanding feud between chiropractors and medical doctors continued for decades.

Margaret Darst Corbett (January 17, 1889 – December 5, 1962)The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, Volume G. New York: James T. White & Company, 1946. p. 103 was an American who promoted the discredited Bates method in an attempt to improve eyesight. She became famous after her prosecution and acquittal on a charge of practicing medicine without a license. Ophthalmologists dismissed Corbett's ideas as quackery.

After this day, she was active as a healer, and draw a lot of attention. She was at one point accused of quackery. In 1837–1838, she made a tour in Denmark, where she appeared before the monarch at the royal court to demonstrate her ability. She retired from healing after her marriage, with the claim that she lost her ability after her sexual debut.

Technicians prepare a body for cryopreservation in 1985. Cryonics (from kryos meaning 'cold') is the low-temperature freezing (usually at ) and storage of a human corpse or severed head, with the speculative hope that resurrection may be possible in the future. Cryonics is regarded with skepticism within the mainstream scientific community. It is generally viewed as a pseudoscience, and its practice has been characterized as quackery.

On 12 December 2002, Renckens was awarded the Hector Treub Prize. This prize is awarded every two to four years to individuals who have done an important service to society in terms of healthcare, especially in midwifery and gynaecology. On 28 April 2006, Renckens was dubbed a Knight in the Order of Orange-Nassau for his "unrelenting fight in word and writing against quackery".

The Keeley Institute in Dwight, Illinois was the last to close, doing so in 1966. Despite his therapy being described by medical experts as an example of quackery, Keeley is remembered as one of the first to treat alcoholism as a medical problem.Blocker; Jack S. Fahey, David M; Tyrrell, Ian R. (2003). Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 346-348.

"More legal thuggery She described the subpoena as "very broad" and filed a motion to quash. Shoemaker was sanctioned as a result.Sanctioned Her role in exposing the Geiers' quackery is explained by Seth Mnookin as follows: "The Geiers’ use of Lupron on autistic children first received widespread attention in 2006, when Kathleen Seidel put together a blockbuster 16-part series on her website, neurodiversity.com.

Pessen, Uncommon Jacksonians, pg. 61. Political allies made these character traits into a virtue, casting Skidmore as self-assured but unwilling to accede to the ideas of others which he believed to be incorrect. "All else is quackery," Skidmore is remembered as saying of perspectives which diverged from his own.Amos Gilbert, "Thomas Skidmore," Free Enquirer, March 20, 1834; quoted in Pessen, Uncommon Jacksonians, pg. 65.

Any hopes of a return to the days of Gummer's successful quackery are put to an immediate end, however, when James allows for the two of them to be pressganged into the royal navy. Onboard the ship James develops a reputation for efficiency and fearlessness. These qualities enable him to become assistant to naval surgeon Robert Munro. James discreetly engineers Munro's ouster by enabling his drinking.

" He "stunned his colleagues ... when he presented a new method for detecting viral infections that bore close parallels to the basic tenets of homeopathy. Although fellow Nobel prize winners – who view homeopathy as quackery – were left openly shaking their heads, Montagnier's comments were rapidly embraced by homeopaths eager for greater credibility. Cristal Sumner, of the British Homeopathic Association, said Montagnier's work gave homeopathy 'a true scientific ethos'.

Elna Hansson and her daughter consequently decided that their granddaughter and daughter Hedda Andersson, the 7th-generation of a family of cunning women, should study medicine openly at the university and be given a medical license, to avoid the history of quackery charges which had affected the line of women medical practitioners in their family: Hedda Andersson became the second formally trained women physician in Sweden.

Accordingly, in western medical science his methods would probably be termed "alternative". Although the vegetalista uses plants for their healing power, the plant is understood to contain both a physical and a spiritual dimension. Only the former is acknowledged as scientific by western medicine, the latter might even be considered quackery. A plant's spirit, according to the ayahuasquero, responds to sounds especially the singing of icaros.

An early-20th-century form of quackery was the treatment of maladies in a radiotorium. It was a small, sealed room for patients to be exposed to radon for its "medicinal effects". The carcinogenic nature of radon due to its ionizing radiation became apparent later. Radon's molecule-damaging radioactivity has been used to kill cancerous cells, but it does not increase the health of healthy cells.

The diagnostic criteria for NICO are imprecise, and the research offered to support it is flawed. The diagnosis is popular among holistic dentists who attempt to treat NICO by surgically removing the dead bone they say is causing the pain. It has been rejected as quackery by some dentists and maxillofacial surgeons.Stephen Barrett, "A critical look at cavitational osteopathosis, NICO, and 'biological dentistry'", Quackwatch, 4 Apr 2010.

Moran also provides music career coaching and consulting through her company, Azalea Music Group, in partnership with her husband Fett. Although neither have had much success in the music industry, they both purport to be able to help struggling musicians become established and successful, charging copious amounts in the process. See also "Chiropractic cures and quackery." She is married to the record producer, Fett.

Eben Byers was a wealthy American socialite whose death in 1932 as a result of using a radioactive quackery product called Radithor is a prominent example of a death caused by radium. Radithor contained approximately 1 μCi (40 kBq) of 226Ra and 1 μCi of 228Ra per bottle. Radithor was taken by mouth and radium, being a calcium mimic, has a very long biological halflife in bone.

"Four strongholds of quackery in the fourth estate", Association Medical Journal, vol.1 (new series), no.24, pp.518-520, 17 June 1853. Despite this inauspicious start with the medical profession, the Pulvermacher chain continued to be described in scientific and medical journals and books as a useful tool throughout the late 1850s and 1860s, even being mentioned in the proceedings of the Royal Society.

Kenneth John (Ken) Harvey AM is an Australian public health doctor, currently adjunct Associate Professor at the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine at Monash University. Described by The Age as an "anti-quackery crusader", Harvey is an advocate of evidence-based medicine and a critic of pharmaceutical marketing and unproven diet products. He is the President of Friends of Science in Medicine.

Outside of the alternative medicine community, scientists have long considered homeopathy a sham or a pseudoscience, and the mainstream medical community regards it as quackery. There is an overall absence of sound statistical evidence of therapeutic efficacy, which is consistent with the lack of any biologically plausible pharmacological agent or mechanism. Proponents argue that homeopathic medicines must work by some, as yet undefined, biophysical mechanism.

There is no evidence to support Contreras' statements. Many of Contreras' patients came from the United States, where use of laetrile is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Since the 1970s, the use of Laetrile to treat cancer has been described in the scientific literature as a canonical example of quackery and has never been shown to be effective in the treatment or prevention of cancer.

The organisation was founded in 1881 and is the oldest skeptical organisation in the world. It has published its magazine Nederlands Tijdschrift tegen de Kwakzalverij (NTtdK, "Dutch Magazine against Quackery") ever since. In its early years, the Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij played a part in the professionalisation of medicine. Its efforts in the public debate helped to make the Netherlands one of the first countries with governmental drug regulation.

The Keeley Institute offered a "scientific" treatment for alcoholism, something that until then was treated by various "miraculous" cures and other types of quackery. The Keeley Cure became popular, with hundreds of thousands eventually receiving it. From the beginning, Keeley's decision to keep his formula a secret drew sharp criticism from his peers. The Keeley Institute's popularity with the public never translated to popularity with the medical profession.

The UltraClear dietary program was said to provide relief from gastrointestinal problems, inflammatory and immunologic problems, fatigue, food allergies, mercury exposure, kidney disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis. The companies were forced to pay a $45,000 civil penalty. The opening of centers for functional medicine at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation and at George Washington University has been described by Gorski as an "unfortunate" example of pseudoscientific quackery infiltrating medical academia.

Another popular theme that Wells has explored are the arena of toys and tools for creative expression such paintbrushes and crayons. Standouts in this thematic grouping include Vintage Quackery (2008), Carousel Horse (2008–2010), 3D Glasses (2008), Hot Rod (2008), Clowning Around (2009), Teddy Bear (2009), Pinwheel (2010), Silver Bike (2010), the Paintbrush series (2010–2012), Crayons (2010–2012), Pop Gun (2011), Record Player (2011) and Guitar (2011).

Professionalization in medicine would help to further relegate the importance of midwives in Spain. Further attempts to dislodge midwives from the birthing process included accusing them of witchcraft and quackery, trying to make them appear unscientific. This was all part of a medical and eugenic science driven effort to reduce the number of abortions in Spain. PSOE introduced legislation to legalize abortion in 1983 through an amendment to Spain's penal code.

Of Victorians and Vegetarians: The Vegetarian Movement in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Tauris Academic Studies. p. 80. James Burn described his diet as "anti-vegetarian quackery".Gregory, James. (2007). Of Victorians and Vegetarians: The Vegetarian Movement in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Tauris Academic Studies. p. 105. Densmore edited the London monthly magazine, Natural Food (1890-1895) and with his wife Helen, edited the health magazine Earnest Words.Anonymous. (1920). Who Was Who 1897-1916.

This would be his fourth and last stay. Bill Wilson did not obtain his "spiritual awakening" by his attendance at the Oxford Group. He had his "hot flash" conversion at Towns Hospital. The hospital was set up and run by Charles B. Towns and his associate Alexander Lambert, who together had concocted up a drug cocktail for the treatment of alcoholism that bordered on quackery, known as "the belladonna cure".

Barrett received an FDA > Commissioner's Special Citation Award for fighting nutrition quackery in > 1984. BEST: Frequently updated, but also archives of relevant articles that > date back at least four years. WORST: Lists some specific doctors and > organizations without explaining the reason for their selection. A 2004 review paper by Katja Schmidt and Edzard Ernst in the Annals of Oncology identified Quackwatch as an outstanding complementary medicine information source for cancer patients.

He was a vegetarian and opposed the consumption of coffee, tea, tobacco, meat and spices. He considered the use of coffee and tea to be injurious and a "great sin in the church". In 1867, the Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal described Jennings' methods of utilizing bread pills as "down right quackery and imposition" and a "disgrace to the regular profession".Anonymous. (1867). Orthopathy and Dr. J. Jennings.

Unlike other advertising mediums, rapid advancements in communication through the Internet have opened doors for an unregulated market of quack cures and marketing campaigns rivaling the early 20th century. Most people with an e-mail account have experienced the marketing tactics of spamming – in which modern forms of quackery are touted as miraculous remedies for "weight loss" and "sexual enhancement", as well as outlets for medicines of unknown quality.

The 1929 Revigator (sometimes misspelled Revigorator) was a pottery crock lined with radioactive ore that emitted radon. Individuals and non-governmental agencies are active in attempts to expose quackery. According to John C. Norcross et al. less is consensus about ineffective "compared to effective procedures" but identifying both "pseudoscientific, unvalidated, or 'quack' psychotherapies" and "assessment measures of questionable validity on psycho-metric grounds" was pursued by various authors.

514 (Digitalisat) Together with two friends, he founded a Society for combating empiricism and quackery, which in 1806 totalled 20 regional Societies who were united in 1807 in a Federal Society. Stearns was secretary (1807–1814) and later (1819–1821) president of that Federal Society. From 1810 to 1813 he was sent to the State legislature in Albany. In 1813 he settled as a physician in New York City.

2000 Nov;48(3):99–105 In 1911 the American Medical Association issued a publication titled "Nostrums And Quackery" in which, in a section called "Baby Killers", it incriminated Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup. The product was nevertheless not withdrawn from sale until 1930. In 1879 the English composer Edward Elgar wrote an early musical work, part of his Harmony Music for a wind quintet, which he titled Mrs.

Golb wrote an article, using the pseudonym Peter Kaufman, which accused Schiffman of plagiarizing (a "little-known case of apparent academic quackery") some of Professor Norman Golb's ideas. Golb then sent emails from his own [email protected] to four of Schiffman's students with this message and a citation to the "Kaufman" article: > Apparently, someone is intent on exposing a minor failing of mine that dates > back almost fifteen years ago.

The fundamental implausibility of homeopathy as well as a lack of demonstrable effectiveness has led to it being characterized within the scientific and medical communities as quackery and nonsense. Homeopathy achieved its greatest popularity in the 19th century. It was introduced to the United States in 1825 with the first homeopathic school opening in 1835. Throughout the 19th century, dozens of homeopathic institutions appeared in Europe and the United States.

Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers 2010, Dyrendal refers to spiritualists as early targets of skeptics based on Hammer 2007. Loxton, 2013, pp. 10ff. Publications such as those of the Dutch Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij (1881) also targeted medical quackery. Using as a template the Belgian organization founded in 1949, Comité Para, Americans Paul Kurtz and Marcello Truzzi founded the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), in Amherst, New York in 1976.

In 1968, the French Association for Scientific Information (AFIS) was founded. AFIS strives to promote science against those who deny its cultural value, abuse it for criminal purposes or as a cover for quackery. According to AFIS, science itself cannot solve humanity's problems, nor can one solve them without using the scientific method. It maintains that people should be informed about scientific and technical advancements and the problems it helps to solve.

For example, Steiner said that the heart does not pump blood but that blood propels itself along. Anthroposophic medicine also proposes that patients' past lives may influence their illness and that the course of an illness is subject to karmic destiny. Professor of complementary medicine Edzard Ernst and other physicians and scientists including Simon Singh and David Gorski have characterized anthroposophic medicine as pseudoscientific quackery with no basis in reason or logic.

The society runs a number of awards including the Golden Duck award, given for a 'lifetime achievement of quackery', awarded to Andrew Wakefield in 2012. The society also awarded a joint Science Blog Prize to Suzi Gage and David Colquhoun in 2012; Ben Goldacre and science writer Mark Henderson were among the judges, choosing from over 100 entries. The society was given the 2016 Ockham Award for Best Skeptic Event/Campaign by The Skeptic magazine.

Zero balancing is a type of manual therapy devised by Frederick "Fritz" Smith in the 1970s. Smith proposed that a kind of energy field within the human body could be affected by bodily manipulations, so bringing health benefits. The practice teaches that currents of energy are stored within the human skeleton, and that these affect both physical and mental wellbeing. Zero balancing is pseudoscientific and its practice has been characterized as quackery.

Well documented as having no proven benefits and considered by medical authorities as rash and potentially dangerous is an enema of coffee. A coffee enema can cause numerous maladies including infections, sepsis (including campylobacter sepsis), severe electrolyte imbalance, colitis, polymicrobial enteric sepsis, proctocolitis, salmonella, brain abscess, and heart failure,William T. Jarvis, Ph.D., National Council Against Healthcare Fraud, "Cancer Quackery". Accessed 11 July 2012. and deaths related to coffee enemas have been documented.

La Madre María is based on the life of María Salomé Loredo, a renowned Argentina healer (1854-1928). The film begins with an old Madre Maria on trial for quackery and deceit. On a series of flashbacks, her life is told, starting with a visit María paid to another famous Argentina faith healer, Pancho Sierra. Pancho Sierra instructs Madre María to continue his work by helping the poor and praying with the sick.

Bates' name was later dropped from the advertising, but MacFadden continued to market this correspondence course, which was renamed "Strengthening the Eyes". This course was criticized by the American Medical Association's Bureau of Investigation as dangerous quackery. In July 1919, Bates began publishing Better Eyesight, "A Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Prevention and Cure of Imperfect Sight Without Glasses". This was also criticized "as it were the product of a psychopathic ward".

He was also charged with causing a public scandal. Because midwives appeared to be so frequently involved in sharing knowledge about abortion and contraceptives and performing abortions, the male led scientific community in Spain tried to marginalize these women. Professionalization in medicine would help to further relegate the importance of midwives in Spain. Further attempts to dislodge midwives from the birthing process included accusing them of witchcraft and quackery, trying to make them appear unscientific.

An example of this is documented and labeled as a form of quackery in a 1955 Time article: > A 37-year-old housewife had a skin condition that later (at Duke) proved not > to be a cancer. Convinced that it was, she had gone to a backwoods healer, > who applied a salve. Soon a quarter-sized hole disfigured her nose, opened > up the nasal cavity. Duke's plastic surgeons had to build her a new nose.

Proponents of orthomolecular medicine hold that treatment must be based on each patient's individual biochemistry. The scientific and medical consensus holds that the broad claims of efficacy advanced by advocates of orthomolecular medicine are not adequately tested as drug therapies. It has been described as a form of food faddism and as quackery. Proponents point to mainstream sources that have published research supporting the benefits of nutrient supplementationResearch Newsletter-Fall/Winter 2009 .

L'Élixir du Dr Doxey is a Lucky Luke adventure in French, written and illustrated by Morris. It is the seventh title in the original series and was published by Dupuis in 1955, and by Cinebook in English in 2012 as Doc Doxey's Elixir. The album contains two stories of Doc Doxey - Lucky Luke et le Docteur Doxey ("Lucky Luke and Doctor Doxey") and Chasse à l'homme ("Manhunt"). The story is about quackery.

In 1927 Hermann Joseph Muller published research showing genetic effects, and in 1946 was awarded the Nobel prize for his findings. More generally, the 1930s saw attempts to develop a general model for radiobiology. Notable here was Douglas Lea, whose presentation also included an exhaustive review of some 400 supporting publications. Before the biological effects of radiation were known, many physicians and corporations had begun marketing radioactive substances as patent medicine and radioactive quackery.

Her good name was sufficient enough for town- and military physicians to recommend her to patients they had failed to cure. Regardless of her ability and success, she was still practicing without a license. In 1855, she was reported for quackery by the physician August Falck. She was summoned to court in 1856, and appealed to the king for dispensation to practice with reference to her long standing experience, success and content patients.

Bastyr University is an private alternative medicine university with campuses in Kenmore, Washington, and San Diego. Programs include naturopathy, acupuncture, Traditional Asian medicine, nutrition, herbal medicine, ayurvedic medicine, psychology, and midwifery. Bastyr's programs teach and research topics that are considered pseudoscience, quackery, and fake by the scientific and medical communities. Quackwatch, a group against health fraud, put Bastyr University on its list of "questionable organizations" as a school which is "accredited but not recommended".

Braverman is the founder and medical director of the Place For Achieving Total Health (PATH) Medical, PC, a medical practice where his focus is brain health, and he promotes the use of hormone replacement therapy and dietary supplements. He operates Total Health Nutrients, Inc., and Total Health Nutrients, LLC, which market dietary supplements through PATH and online. Quackwatch has stated that PATH promotes and sells questionable health products, and has also accused Braverman of promoting quackery.

He is a mouse who hides his appearance under a hat and a scarf. If the Doraemons have any actions, Jerry would intervene them and not let them to successfully end the mission. He was eventually defeated by the Doraemons along with Dora Crybaby, Dora Eater, and Dradra Dora. ;Jafar :The Grand Vizier and senior advisor of the King of Saudi Arabia, he is a quackery person and same to Ali, his love interest is Jasmine.

Nienhuys is a prolific skeptic. Amongst other things he has written several articles on pseudoscience, mainly about quackery such as homeopathy and the anti-vaccination movement. Since the late 1980s he has served as board member and since 2003 secretary of Stichting Skepsis. Moreover, Nienhuys writes articles as editorial staff member of the magazine Skepter. From July 2008 until 6 November 2010, he was editor-in-chief of the website of the Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij.

"A pretended or spurious science; a collection of related beliefs about the world mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method or as having the status that scientific truths now have.", from the Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition 1989. Professor Paul DeHart HurdMemorial Resolution: Paul DeHart Hurd. retrieved 8 April 2009 argued that a large part of gaining scientific literacy is "being able to distinguish science from pseudo-science such as astrology, quackery, the occult, and superstition".

In the early 20th century a series of products claiming medicinal properties, which contained radioactive elements were marketed to the general public. This does not include certain medications that contain radioactive isotopes (e.g. iodine-131 for its oncological uses) but pertains to elixirs and other medications that made preposterous claims (see below) that were neither scientific nor verifiable. Radithor, a well known patent medicine or snake oil, is possibly the best known example of radioactive quackery.

Originally monthly it became a weekly publication. A German language edition for immigrants and 5 regional editions were established. Advertisers included cabinet organ, melodeon, and other instrument companies, gelatin and blanc mange brands, cooking tool offerings such as horseradish graters, farm equipment including grist mills, seed and plant businesses, steam engines, wires, watches, washers, trusses, patent companies, cutters, book subscriptions, and Great American Tea Company notices. Columns exposing quackery were run and medical advertisements were prohibited.

Vicky Allen, journalist at The Herald Scotland, states "These people are at the centre of a disturbing approach to illness, and cancer in particular, that sees it as a disease to be tackled with the mind and positive thinking. It is a movement which many within the medical establishment believe is dangerous." Peter Allmark of Sheffield Hallam University, co-author of a 2011 paper, A Critique Of Positive Thinking In Cancer Care, denounces the approach as "quackery".

Stone was initiated into the Radha Soami tradition under Sawan Singh in 1945 and in 1956 published his Mystical Bible, a Radha Soami interpretation of verses from the Bible. Stone spent the last eight years of his life with his niece Louise Hilger in a house at the Radha Soami center in Beas, India. He died there in 1981. Stone's ideas have been dismissed by medical health experts as quackery or untestable.Barrett, Stephen, Jarvis, William T. (1993).

Hangovers are poorly understood from a medical point of view. Health care professionals prefer to study alcohol abuse from a standpoint of treatment and prevention, and there is a view that the hangover provides a useful, natural and intrinsic disincentive to excessive drinking. Within the limited amount of serious study on the subject, there is debate about whether a hangover may be prevented or at least mitigated. There is also a vast body of folk medicine and simple quackery.

Lydia Kang MD & Nate Pederson, Quackery: A Brief History of the Worst Ways to Cure Everything "Bleed Yourself to Bliss" (Workman Publishing Company; 2017) Leeches became especially popular in the early nineteenth century. In the 1830s, the French imported about forty million leeches a year for medical purposes, and in the next decade, England imported six million leeches a year from France alone. Through the early decades of the century, hundreds of millions of leeches were used by physicians throughout Europe.Carter (2005) p.

The EPA has set a maximum contaminant level of 1 milligram of chlorite per liter (1 mg/L) in drinking water. Sellers of “Miracle Mineral Solution”, a mixture of sodium chlorite and citric acid also known as "MMS" that is promoted as a cure-all have been convicted, fined, or otherwise disciplined in multiple jurisdictions around the world. MMS products were variously referred to as snake oil and complete quackery. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued multiple warnings against consuming MMS.

Mulock was knighted in 1902 for his services, in particular for the Penny Post, Transpacific Cable, and wireless telegraphy between Canada and Great Britain. In order to protect the public against quackery Mulock amended the Post Office Act in 1904 to curtail advertising of "marvellous, extravagant or grossly improbable cures". See also Mulock was also active in the negotiations that led to the formation of the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905. Mulock advocated public ownership of the telephone system.

The VtdK opposes all medical and paramedical treatments that are not scientifically substantiated. It concerns those "that are not supported by testably logical or empirically viable hypotheses and theories" and/or "that are actively distributed amongst the public, while no testing on its efficaciousness and safety has taken place within the professional group". The VtdK stresses that "the term kwakzalver ("quack") or kwakzalverij ("quackery") does not necessarily constitute an accusation of bad faith or fraud." (last modified on 23 February 2010).

DVG joined the Humanistische Alliantie ("Humanist Alliance"), a national umbrella for humanist organisations founded in 2001, but because they found this coalition much too postmodernist and moderate, the freethinkers were hardly involved in its activities. Under chairship of Anton van Hooff, who opined that the 'combativeness against religion and other unscientific quackery' is threatening to disappear with the 'softened' humanist groups, they left the Alliantie in 2014, and instead sought to work with amongst others Stichting Skepsis and the Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij.

The City Council of Shreveport, Louisiana approved 20 firefighters to take the program via HealthMed in the late 1980s. The city's insurers commissioned an evaluation from toxicologist Ronald E. Gots, who dismissed the program as "quackery", saying it "served no rational medical function." As a consequence, Shreveport ended its support. In 1994, the London Borough of Tower Hamlets covered costs for an alcoholic to go to Narconon for detoxification, but the council withdrew funding when the Church of Scientology connection was revealed.

Vertebral subluxation, the core concept of chiropractic, is not based on solid science. The concept of subluxation remains unsubstantiated and largely untested, and has been the subject of a debate about whether to keep it in the chiropractic paradigm that has lasted for decades. It has been argued that dogmatic commitment to subluxation is a significant barrier to chiropractic as a profession: it brings ridicule from the scientific community and perpetuates a marketing tradition in chiropractic that leads to charges of quackery.

Chiropractic researchers have documented that fraud, abuse and quackery are more prevalent in chiropractic than in other health care professions. Unsubstantiated claims about the efficacy of chiropractic have continued to be made by individual chiropractors and chiropractic associations. The core concept of traditional chiropractic, vertebral subluxation, is not based on sound science. Collectively, systematic reviews have not demonstrated that spinal manipulation, the main treatment method employed by chiropractors, was effective for any medical condition, with the possible exception of treatment for back pain.

Owen left Omaha in 1963 and later in life, Owen contracted cancer. Given three months to live in 1975, he believed the chemical Amygdalin marketed as the drug laetrile was responsible for extending his life. The drug was illegal in the United States, and so he moved to Los Angeles for the proximity to smuggled supplies from Mexico.The promotion of laetrile to treat cancer has been described in the medical literature as a canonical example of quackery, Lerner IJ (February 1984).

Novella, S: Medical Myths, Lies, and Half- Truths: What We Think We Know May Be Hurting Us, The Great Courses Critics have described some aspects of orthomolecular medicine as food faddism or even quackery. A short summary is in the journal's preface. Research on nutrient supplementation in general suggests that some nutritional supplements might be beneficial, and that others might be harmful; several specific nutritional therapies are associated with an increased likelihood of the condition they are meant to prevent.

Joint litigation and legislative efforts closed the clinic and ended these practices. See, Santini, J., Legislative Panel Backs Measure That Would Ban 'Holding Therapy', The Salt Lake Tribune, September 20, 2002, Friday, at Pg. A10. "Before voting to support the measure, the Child Welfare Oversight Panel on Thursday considered testimony from Christopher Barden, an expert in child psychology, who called coercive therapy "quackery." "These therapists really believe they are helping people," Barden said, "just like lobotomizers believed they were helping people.

Various situations have occurred in which the ethics of chiropractors and chiropractic organizations have been called into question. A 2008 commentary proposed that the chiropractic profession actively regulate itself to combat abuse, fraud, and quackery, which are more prevalent in chiropractic than in other health care professions, violating the social contract between patients and physicians. Gleberzon et al. identify "deliberate fraud" as a notably harmful element of the chiropractic profession, finding that dubious practice techniques can translate into "outlandish billing and utilization rates".

Quackwatch is a United States–based website, self-described as a "network of people" founded by Stephen Barrett, which aims to "combat health-related frauds, myths, fads, fallacies, and misconduct" and to focus on "quackery- related information that is difficult or impossible to get elsewhere". Since 1996 it has operated the alternative medicine watchdog website quackwatch.org, which advises the public on unproven or ineffective alternative medicine remedies. The site contains articles and other information criticizing many forms of alternative medicine.

WPA poster, 1936–38 Quackery, often synonymous with health fraud, is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices. A quack is a "fraudulent or ignorant pretender to medical skill" or "a person who pretends, professionally or publicly, to have skill, knowledge, qualification or credentials they do not possess; a charlatan or snake oil salesman". The term quack is a clipped form of the archaic term ', from a "hawker of salve". In the Middle Ages the term quack meant "shouting".

Despite, or possibly because of, its long-known toxicity, arsenic-containing potions and drugs have a history in medicine and quackery that continues into the 21st century. Starting in the early 19th century and continuing into the 20th century, Fowler's solution, a toxic concoction of sodium arsenite, was sold. The organoarsenic compound Salvarsan was the first synthetic chemotherapeutic agent, discovered by Paul Ehrlich. The treatment, however, led to many problems causing long lasting health complications.Elschenbroich, C. ”Organometallics” (2006) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim.

Available scientific evidence does not support claims that a diet of grapes is alone effective for treating cancer or any other disease. The Brandt diet, in particular, has been described as “quackery” by Barrett who notes that the American Cancer Society reviewed The Grape Cure in 1965, 1971, 1974, and 2000 and found no evidence of benefit against human cancer or any other disease. Grape seed extract has been identified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a "fake cancer 'cure'".

Ann Wigmore (March 4, 1909 – February 16, 1994) was a Lithuanian–American holistic health practitioner, naturopath and raw food advocate. Influenced by the 'back to nature' theories of Maximilian Bircher-Benner, she maintained that plants concentrated more solar energy ('Vital Force') than animals, and that wheatgrass could detoxify the body. She also deplored food additives. Although the Ann Wigmore Foundation received accreditation as a non-profit, many of her claims were denounced as quackery, and her qualifications were never confirmed to be genuine.

History records the repeated association or exploitation of scientific inventions by individuals claiming that newly-discovered science could help people to heal. In the 19th century, electricity and magnetism were in the "borderlands" of science and electrical quackery became rife. These concepts continue to inspire writers in the New Age movement. In the early-20th century health claims for radio-active materials put lives at risk, and recently quantum mechanics and grand unification theory have provided similar opportunities for commercial exploitation.

Because midwives appeared to be so frequently involved in sharing knowledge about abortion and contraceptives and performing abortions, the male-led scientific community in Spain tried to marginalize these women. Professionalization in medicine would help to further relegate the importance of midwives in Spain. Further attempts to dislodge midwives from the birthing process included accusing them of witchcraft and quackery, trying to make them appear unscientific. This was all part of a medical and eugenic science driven effort to reduce the number of abortions in Spain.

She was often engaged by white slave owners to perform ceremonies in order to cure suspected so-called Macandal poisonings (named after Francois Macandal), in which slaves were suspected of committing suicides, or reveal slave conspiracies. She was a controversial figure and made friends as well as enemies among both slaves and slave owners, black, white and free people of color. She was reported to the authorities in 1785 for quackery and accused of trying to encourage a slave rebellion, but hidden by her followers.

" Cramp's Nostrums and Quackery and Pseudo- Medicine, Volume III, foreword by George H. Simmons, Editor Emeritus of the Journal of the American Medical Association, was published in 1936. As described in The Science News-Letter, the book contained "terse, simple and factual accounts of hundreds of nostrums and the ways of pseudo-medical practitioners." This volume, more condensed than the first two volumes, indexed 1,500 "remedies." W.A. Evans, in his review, wrote "When you have read this book you will consider credulity based on fiction rather drab.

Children's Healthcare Is a Legal Duty (CHILD) is an American nonprofit membership organization that works to stop child abuse and neglect based on religious beliefs, cultural traditions, and quackery. CHILD opposes religious exemptions from child health and safety laws. These exemptions have been used as a defense in criminal cases when parents have withheld lifesaving medical care on religious grounds. These exemptions also have discouraged reporting and investigation of religion-based medical neglect of children and spawned many outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases and deaths.

Commonly, however, quackery was associated with a growing medical entrepreneurship amongst both regular and irregular practitioners in the provision of goods and services along with associated techniques of advertisement and self-promotion in the medical marketplace. The constituent features of the medical marketplace during the eighteenth century were the development of medical consumerism and a high degree of patient power and choice in the selection of treatments, the limited efficacy of available medical therapies, and the absence of both medical professionalisation and enforced regulation of the market.

Nearly all AK tests are subjective, relying solely on practitioner assessment of muscle response. Specifically, some studies have shown test-retest reliability, inter-tester reliability, and accuracy to have no better than chance correlations. Some skeptics have argued that there is no scientific understanding of the proposed underlying theory of a viscerosomatic relationship, and the efficacy of the modality is unestablished in some cases and doubtful in others. Skeptics have also dismissed AK as "quackery," "magical thinking," and a misinterpretation of the ideomotor effect.

It attempts to discredit the medical establishment by giving examples of contradictory treatments recommended by contemporary medical theory (which Cockburn called allopathy, a derogatory term used by homeopaths). The book also denounced the "heavy-handed" attempts by the RCSEd to pressure its members (including himself) to avoid the "quackery" of homeopathy. In 1862 Cockburn moved to Glasgow, where he practiced homeopathy for the rest of his career. As well as practicing homeopathy at his clinic, Cockburn continued to lecture and publish articles on homeopathy.

She was found guilty of 5 charges but granted a new trial because her defense attorneys were denied access to grand jury testimony. The case was dismissed in May 1972 after she agreed to stop giving medical advice. Kroeger felt the DA targeted her because she was an immigrant and because she had many hippie customers. Protesters gathered outside the trial with signs stating, “Natural Healing is Not Quackery,” “Suggesting Good Food is Not Practicing Medicine,” “Herbs and Vitamins are Not Drugs,” among others.

The history of alternative medicine may refer to the history of a group of diverse medical practices that were collectively promoted as "alternative medicine" beginning in the 1970s, to the collection of individual histories of members of that group, or to the history of western medical practices that were labeled "irregular practices" by the western medical establishment.Countercultural Healing: A brief History of Alternavie Medicine in America, James Whorton, PBS, November 4, 2003, Nature Cures – The History of Alternative Medicine in America, James C. Whorton, Oxford University Press, 2002, The Rise and Rise of Complementary and Alternative Medicine: a Sociological Perspective, Ian D Coulter and Evan M Willis, Medical Journal of Australia, 2004; 180 (11): 587–89 It includes the histories of complementary medicine and of integrative medicine. Before the 1970s, western practitioners that were not part of the increasingly science-based medical establishment were referred to "irregular practitioners", and were dismissed by the medical establishment as unscientific and as practicing quackery. Until the 1970s, irregular practice became increasingly marginalized as quackery and fraud, as western medicine increasingly incorporated scientific methods and discoveries, and had a corresponding increase in success of its treatments.

In the 1970s, irregular practices were grouped with traditional practices of nonwestern cultures and with other unproven or disproven practices that were not part of biomedicine, with the entire group collectively marketed and promoted under the single expression "alternative medicine".Quack Medicine: A History of Combating Health Fraud in Twentieth-Century America, Eric W. Boyle, Use of alternative medicine in the west began to rise following the counterculture movement of the 1960s, as part of the rising new age movement of the 1970s.The New Age of Alternative Medicine, Why New Age Medicine Is Catching On, Claudia Wallis, Time Magazine, 11-4-1991, This was due to misleading mass marketing of "alternative medicine" being an effective "alternative" to biomedicine, changing social attitudes about not using chemicals and challenging the establishment and authority of any kind, sensitivity to giving equal measure to beliefs and practices of other cultures (cultural relativism), and growing frustration and desperation by patients about limitations and side effects of science-based medicine. At the same time, in 1975, the American Medical Association, which played the central role in fighting quackery in the United States, abolished its quackery committee and closed down its Department of Investigation.

David Lindberg, Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution, Cambridge University Press 1990. Such remedies might be the potions of quacks (quackery), developed only to make the seller a profit, or therapies that were invented or revised on the basis of experiences of a particular practitioner with patients and remedies. What was crucial to good medical practice was what we call nowadays "clinical experience": an experienced judgment about what remedies would help a particular patient. A medical education in universities, therefore, might supplement, but was not always necessary for "medical" practice.

Following a discussion about quackery, the medical profession was forced to become more rigorous in clinical practice. The College of Physicians is responsible for two prominent therapeutic progresses: one is the application of electric current in therapeutic measures, the other is the establishment of a laboratory for chemical analysis in the Vienna General Hospital. This laboratory opened the gate to a large number of scientific discoveries, such as the pathomechanism of diabetes. Florian Heller presented a reagent to measure the sugar level in urine, which was subsequently adopted into hospital routine.

Herbert is known for his work on quackery and pseudoscience in mental health, as well as on behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders. He has authored more than 170 scholarly works on these and other topics. His 2011 book Acceptance and Mindfulness in Cognitive Behavior Therapy was endorsed by the Dalai Lama. Herbert is a fellow of the Institute for Science in Medicine, the Association for Contextual Behavioral Science, the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, the Academy of Cognitive Therapy, and the Commission for Scientific Medicine and Mental Health.

Tubal informs Egerman and his associates that Albert is mute, and the townsmen question the nature of their magic show based on the advertisements promoting it. Dr. Vergerus, the Minister of Health, accuses Albert of practicing quackery and pseudoscience; the men privately plan to wager on Albert's abilities. Later, the troupe have dinner with Sara and Sanna, two servants who are enthralled by their presence, and Tubal peddles love potions made by Granny. The head cook, Sofia, is impervious to Tubal's bravado, but finds him attractive and solicits him for sex.

Functional medicine is a form of alternative medicine that encompasses a number of unproven and disproven methods and treatments. Its proponents claim that it focuses on the "root causes" of diseases based on interactions between the environment and the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems to develop "individualized treatment plans". It has been described as pseudoscience, quackery, and at its essence a rebranding of complementary and alternative medicine. In the US, functional medicine practices have been ruled ineligible for course credits by the American Academy of Family Physicians because of concerns they may be harmful.

Time Magazine, 13 January 2012 In 2012 he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement in Quackery award by the Good Thinking Society. A writer from The New York Times, who was covering a 2011 event in Tomball, Texas where Wakefield spoke, was threatened by its organizer, Michelle Guppy: "Be nice to him, or we will hurt you." Guppy is the coordinator of the Houston Autism Disability Network. In June 2012, a local court in Rimini, Italy, ruled that the MMR vaccination had caused autism in a 15-month-old boy.

In his time, electrical treatment had acquired a bad name in the medical profession through its widespread use by quack practitioners. Bird made efforts to oppose this quackery, and was instrumental in bringing medical electrotherapy into the mainstream. He was quick to adopt new instruments of all kinds; he invented a new variant of the Daniell cell in 1837 and made important discoveries in electrometallurgy with it. He was not only innovative in the electrical field, but he also designed a flexible stethoscope, and in 1840 published the first description of such an instrument.

Gully agreed with Darwin's self-diagnosis of nervous dyspepsia and set him a routine including being heated by a spirit lamp until dripping with perspiration, then vigorous rubbing with cold wet towels and cold foot baths, a strict diet, and walks. Darwin enjoyed the attention and the demanding regime which left him no time to feel guilty about not working. His health improved rapidly, and he felt that the water cure was "no quackery".Letter 1236 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 28 Mar 1849. Darwin Correspondence Project, accessed on 11 April 2019.

In 1956, Campbell began promoting a psionics device known as the Hieronymus machine. It faced skepticism from scientists who viewed it as pseudoscientific and even as an example of quackery. Some of the wind was taken out of the sails of psionics in 1957 when Martin Gardner, in the updated edition of his book Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science, wrote that the study of psionics is "even funnier than Dianetics or Ray Palmer's Shaver stories", and criticized the beliefs and assertions of Campbell as anti-scientific nonsense.

Craniosacral therapy (CST) is a form of bodywork or alternative therapy that uses gentle touch to palpate the synarthrodial joints of the cranium. It is based on fundamental misconceptions about the physiology of the human skull and is promoted as a cure-all for a variety of health conditions. CST was invented in the 1970s by John Upledger, an osteopathic physician, as an offshoot of cranial osteopathy, which had been devised in the 1930s by William Garner Sutherland. CST is a pseudoscience, and its practice has been characterized as quackery.

Cupping therapy is a form of alternative medicine in which a local suction is created on the skin with the application of heated cups. Its practice mainly occurs in Asia but also in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America. Cupping has been characterized as a pseudoscience and its practice as quackery. Cupping practitioners attempt to use cupping therapy for a wide array of medical conditions including fevers, chronic low back pain, poor appetite, indigestion, high blood pressure, acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, anemia, stroke rehabilitation, nasal congestion, infertility, and menstrual period cramping.

The principles of Rolfing contradict established medical knowledge, and there is no good evidence Rolfing is effective for the treatment of any health condition. It is recognized as a pseudoscience: "The idea of vital energy... does not correspond to known facts of how the human body operates. Similarly, there is absolutely no support in psychological literature for the idea of traumatic experiences being repressed in the form of muscle memory, and so the basic ideas of Rolfing certainly fall into the category of pseudoscience." and has been characterized as quackery.

The majority of medical doctors reject all the claims of all branches of iridology and label them as pseudoscience or even quackery. Critics, including most practitioners of medicine, dismiss iridology given that published studies have indicated a lack of success for its claims. To date, clinical data does not support correlation between illness in the body and coinciding observable changes in the iris. In controlled experiments, practitioners of iridology have performed statistically no better than chance in determining the presence of a disease or condition solely through observation of the iris.

The idea of a woman studying medicine was shocking at the time, and a point was made that since women were not allowed to hold public office by law, they also should not practice medicine or need a medical degree. Three doctors of Quedlinburg accused her of quackery and demanded that she sit for an examination. The rector of the University of Halle decided that practicing medicine was not the same as holding public office and allowed Erxleben to take her examination. She took her examinations and was given her degree on June 12, 1754.

Frequently used derogatory terms for the alternative are new-age or pseudo, with little distinction from quackery. Some alternative practices are based on theories that contradict the science of how the human body works; others resort to the supernatural or superstitious to explain their effect. In others, the practice is plausibly effective but has too many side effects. Alternative medicine is distinct from experimental medicine, which employs the scientific method to test plausible therapies by way of responsible and ethical clinical trials, producing evidence of either effect or of no effect.

The popularity of complementary & alternative medicine (CAM) may be related to other factors that Edzard Ernst mentioned in an interview in The Independent: Paul Offit proposed that "alternative medicine becomes quackery" in four ways: by recommending against conventional therapies that are helpful, promoting potentially harmful therapies without adequate warning, draining patients' bank accounts, or by promoting "magical thinking." Promoting alternative medicine has been called dangerous and unethical. Friendly and colorful images of herbal treatments may look less threatening or dangerous when compared to conventional medicine. This is an intentional marketing strategy.

The psychoanalytical community of the time saw his approach to healing diseases as quackery of the worst sort, partly because of his comments about UFOs. In 1954, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration obtained an injunction to prevent Reich from making medical claims relating to orgone, which prevented him from shipping "orgone devices" across state lines, among other stipulations. Reich resisted the order to cease interstate distribution of orgone and was jailed, and the FDA destroyed Reich's books, research materials, and devices at his institute relating to orgone.

16 Popularization of animal magnetism was denounced and ridiculed by newspaper journals and theatre during the Romantic Era. Many deemed animal magnetism to be nothing more than a theatrical falsity or quackery. In a 1790 publication, an editor presented a series of letters written by an avid supporter of animal magnetism and included his own thoughts in an appendix stating: "No fanatics ever divulged notions more wild and extravagant; no impudent empiric ever retailed promises more preposterous, or histories of cures more devoid of reality, than the tribe of magnetisers".Pearson, John (1790).

Such advertising aroused criticisms of quackery and immorality. The safety of many nostrums was suspect and the efficacy of others non-existent. Horace Greeley, in a New York Herald editorial written in 1871, denounced abortion and its promotion as the "infamous and unfortunately common crime– so common that it affords a lucrative support to a regular guild of professional murderers, so safe that its perpetrators advertise their calling in the newspapers". Although the paper in which Greeley wrote accepted such advertisements, others, such as the New York Tribune, refused to print them.

A bottle of Radithor at the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History in New Mexico, USA. Radithor was a patent medicine that is a well-known example of radioactive quackery and specifically of excessively broad and pseudoscientific application of the principle of radiation hormesis. It consisted of triple distilled water containing at a minimum each of the radium 226 and 228 isotopes. The time of Radithor and radioactive elixirs ended in 1932, with the premature death of one of its most fervent users, Eben Byers, a young American industrial billionaire.

Since the mid-1990s, the number of Chinese migrants setting up traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinics, pharmacies, and even mobile medicine stands has been increasing. By 2000, nearly every town in Cameroon had at least one TCM clinic, and Yaoundé and Douala each had six. Patients at the clinics state that the drugs are cheap and effective; however, local doctors deride TCM as "quackery" and have urged public health authorities to increase their regulation of it. There are also conflicts between Chinese and local merchants in other sectors.

Clear Body, Clear Mind is a book published in 1990 by the Church of Scientology's publishing house Bridge Publications. It is credited to L. Ron Hubbard who died four years earlier, and is largely a compilation of material he wrote in the 1960s. It is one of the canonical texts of Scientology and mainly deals with the Purification Rundown ("Purif"). Scientologists believe this "detoxification" program, created by Hubbard, has unique medical and spiritual benefits, but has been criticized by medical professionals as "dangerous", "quackery," and "in some cases lethal".

She remained on probation until December 2005. Ryder explained to Interview that the incident occurred during a difficult time in her life when she was clinically depressed. She also stated that the heavy pain-killing medication that a physician practicing quackery had prescribed for her significantly clouded her judgment. The doctor who prescribed the medication subsequently had his medical license revoked by the Medical Board of California for unethically catering to "the demands of wealthy and/or famous drug-seekers for prescription narcotics which would otherwise have to be obtained on the street".

"Poets of the Modern Style. Novoye Vremya December 3, pp.9-10 // Поэты "стиль-модерн" // Новое Время. Лит. приложение. 1903. No 9968, 3 декабря. С. 9-10. Of all the mainstream reviews the most balanced is considered to be that of the poet and critic Alexander Izmaylov who in his essay "The Mystical Poetry of the 20th Century" gave the book a positive review, calling its poems the "sincere and noble searching of an inquisitive spirit, having nothing to do with the low-brow quackery which the first-wave decadents were feeding us with.

Rhazes browsing urine samples of patients Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) (), also known as Persian traditional medicine or Iranian traditional medicine, is one of the most ancient forms of traditional medicine. ITM is grounded in the concept of four humors: phlegm (Balgham), blood (Dam), yellow bile (Ṣafrā') and black bile (Saudā') .The four humors concept is based on the teachings of Rhazes and Avicenna into an elaborate medical system. Some scholars believe that efforts for revitalizing ITM in recent years have shaped two main attitudes: evidence-based medicine, and quackery.

The Press became known for its opposition to pseudoscience and in 1865 published a list of 18 Irish and British newspapers which had agreed to refuse advertising of quackery. The publication challenged the logical fallacy of argument from authority, stating that "mere appeal to authority alone had better be avoided". The Press encouraged the acceptance of women in medicine, commending Eleanora Fleury who became the first female graduate of the Royal University of Ireland as well as graduating first in her class. The Press also argued against segregation of male and female medical students.

In 2005 Ecoworld NZ Ltd was fined $60,000 and ordered to pay $68,000 in compensation to consumers that bought their Grander Living Water units. The judge said that the promotional material for these units "contained inconsistencies, quackery and pseudo-science.". In 2006, the Viennese Oberlandesgericht ruled that the claim that seriously ill people may forgo medical treatment and trust in the effects of the revitalized water does not constitute fraud because the vendor guarantees a right of return. They also ruled that Grander's revitalized water may adequately be described as "esoteric nonsense".

"…A congressional committee in 1849 reported that Brandreth was the nation's largest proprietary advertiser… Between 1862 and 1863 Brandreth's average annual gross income surpassed $600,000…" For fifty years Brandreth's name was a household word in the United States. Indeed, the Brandreth pills were so well known they received mention in Herman Melville's classic Moby- Dick. The Brandreth Pill Factory complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Although his pills sold well to the public, they were described by medical experts and skeptics as an example of quackery.

Naturopaths often recommend exposure to naturally occurring substances, such as sunshine, herbs and certain foods, as well as activities they describe as natural, such as exercise, meditation and relaxation. Naturopaths claim that these natural treatments help restore the body's innate ability to heal itself without the adverse effects of conventional medicine. However, "natural" methods and chemicals are not necessarily safer or more effective than "artificial" or "synthetic" ones, and any treatment capable of eliciting an effect may also have deleterious side effects. Certain naturopathic treatments offered by naturopaths, such as homeopathy, rolfing, and iridology, are widely considered pseudoscience or quackery.

The case concerns an e-mail sent by Tim Bolen, a publicist for alternative medicine practitioners. While working for Hulda Clark, Bolen distributed a missive online that attacked Stephen Barrett and Terry Polevoy, medical doctors who publicly criticize what they consider quackery. Among other things, Bolen's letter accused Polevoy of stalking a Canadian radio reporter and preventing her from airing a show about alternative medicine. One of the people who came across Bolen's letter was Ilena Rosenthal, who runs an Internet-based support group for women who have medical problems which they believe to be caused by breast implants.

Martin's eldest brother, William (1772–1851) was by turn a rope-maker, soldier, inventor, scientist, writer and lecturer, who attempted to develop a rival philosophy to "Newtonian" science, allowing for perpetual motion, and denying the law of gravity. Despite undoubted elements of "quackery and buffoonery", William had a great talent for inventing. In 1819 he produced a miner's safety lamp which was said to be better and more reliable than that of Sir Humphry Davy. The only recognition he achieved in this field was a silver medal from the Royal Society for the invention of the spring balance.

Steiner also proposed a connection betweens planets, metals and organs so that, for example, the planet Mercury, the element mercury and the lung were all somehow associated. These propositions form the basis of anthroposophical medicine. Ernst has said that anthroposophical medicine "includes some of the least plausible theories one could possibly imagine", categorized it as "pure quackery", and said that it "has no basis in science". According to Quackwatch, anthroposophical medicine practitioners regard illness as a "rite of passage" necessary to purge spiritual impurities carried over from past lives, according to the precepts of "karmic destiny".

Joubert has been interviewed several times as part of her work. In 2017 she participated in the International summit on quackery and pseudoscience held in Stellenbosch. The summit covered areas such as: the rise and dangers of pseudoscience and science denialism, communicating uncertainty in science, health regulation, science in court, the media and pseudoscience, and exploiting the desperately ill, the vulnerable and the ignorant. Her presentation was on "Science-based evidence: Accurate and ethical communication." Joubert was interviewed by Inside Education in 2017 with regards to the journal article In the footsteps of Einstein, Sagan and Barnard: Identifying South Africa’s most visible scientists.

The genetic effects of radiation, including the effects on cancer risk, were recognized much later. In 1927 Hermann Joseph Muller published research showing genetic effects, and in 1946 was awarded the Nobel prize for his findings. Radiation was soon linked to bone cancer in the radium dial painters, but this was not confirmed until large-scale animal studies after World War II. The risk was then quantified through long-term studies of atomic bomb survivors. Before the biological effects of radiation were known, many physicians and corporations had begun marketing radioactive substances as patent medicine and radioactive quackery.

Loren Pankratz (born February 27, 1940) is a consultation psychologist at the Portland VA Medical Center and professor in the department of psychiatry at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU). Following his retirement in 1995, he maintained a forensic practice until 2012. He testified nationally on cases of Münchausen syndrome by proxy (MBP), often defending mothers accused of harming their children. He has written and lectured on a wide variety of unusual topics such as dancing manias, spiritualism, Greek oracles, ghosts, plagues, historical enigmas, mesmerism, moral panics, con-games, self- deception, faith healing, self-surgery, miracles, ethical blunders, quackery, and renaissance science.

His stomach trouble was diagnosed as nervous in origin, and he was soon free of sickness and walking seven miles (11 km) a day. Despite his suspicions of quackery, the cure worked, and after staying 16 weeks they returned home, arriving on 30 June with Darwin eager to resume work on his barnacles. He continued a slightly relaxed version of the treatment, having a hut built with a cold water douche and getting up at seven a.m. to get heated up with a spirit lamp then take a cold plunge bath and get scrubbed by his butler.

Renckens presents the 2018 ironic award for quackery to HAN University of Applied Sciences, whose representative then defends the HAN against the VtdK's accusation of promoting pseudoscience. Renckens was born in Hoorn, shortly after World War II. He studied medicine at the University of Groningen from 1963 to 1971. He became a resident surgeon and gynaecologist in the Catholic St. Joseph's Hospital in Heemskerk, and followed the Netherlands Course on Global Health and Tropical Medicine in Amsterdam. He worked in tropical medicine in a hospital in Ndola, Zambia from 1973 to 1975, as an alternative to compulsory military service.

In June 1836, Émile de Girardin editor of the Paris newspaper La Presse was the first to rely on paid advertising to lower its price, extend its readership and increase its profitability. His formula was soon copied by all titles. Early print advertisements were used mainly to promote books and newspapers, which became increasingly affordable with advances in the printing press; and medicines, which were increasingly sought after as modern people rejected traditional cures. However, false advertising and "Quackery" became common. British newspapers in the 1850s and 1860s appealed to the increasingly affluent middle-class that sought out a variety of new products.

Eurythmy is a component of anthroposophic medicine, a system of alternative medicine which has been criticised as unscientific, pseudoscientific and as "pure quackery". According to the precepts of anthroposophic medicine, a human has four aspects which need to be treated: spirit, soul, life and matter. Eurythmy is one of the practices said to act on the "life" aspect, and is claimed to effect an "improvement of health related life functions". A person receiving eurthymy therapy moves under the guidance of a eurythmy therapist, who will have been trained two years beyond the four- year fundamental course in eurythmy.

He stated that tonsillitis is the result of people eating "mucus forming foods", cancer is caused by "gooey, slimy foods" and that colds are caused by the consumption of white bread or ice cream. Bragg firmly opposed the use of white bread and white flour and sold a substitute for each. Bragg was criticized for his involvement in "mail-order quackery". He advertised a patent medicine called "Glantex" which he said could make people feel twenty years younger. In December, 1930 after a hearing the Postmaster General issued a fraud order against Bragg and his health center.

It was inspired by the oncologist Michael Baum, among others, and began as the Campaign Against Health Fraud mostly targeting unfounded claims by proponents of alternative medicine and downright quackery, but soon broadened to audit all forms of medical practice, and many of its members are more concerned about unproven orthodox therapies than complementary ones. Nonetheless it still sometimes attracts criticism from some believers in alternative medicine who claim that scientific approaches cannot be applied to their way of working. HealthWatch maintains it has no commercial sponsors of any form and relies on membership fees and donations from other charities.

Illustrated in Garval, fig 11 During the Great Irish Famine in April 1847, he invented a soup kitchen and was asked by the Government to go to Ireland to implement his idea. This was opened in Dublin and his "famine soup" was served to thousands of the poor for free. Unfortunately for the starving Irish, this selection by the Government was primarily based on low cost of the ingredients of the soups Soyer proposed, rather than on their nutritional value.As already indicated at that time in the Lancet as soup quackery While in Ireland he wrote Soyer's Charitable Cookery.

The WCA clearly describes the points of view of their presumed enemies in their fundraising: : Join the fight to save chiropractic from our enemies Powerful forces within and without the profession are trying to destroy chiropractic. Our enemies are taking to the streets, the media and even the internet to stop you from providing uniquely chiropractic care. They say chiropractic is dangerous ... that it's quackery ... that it should never be used for children ... that it should be limited to back pain ... that anything over 6-12 visits is fraud ... that subluxations don't really exist! We have to STOP THE LIARS NOW.

Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine and a key component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in which thin needles are inserted into the body. Acupuncture is a pseudoscience because the theories and practices of TCM are not based on scientific knowledge, and it has been characterized as quackery. There is a range of acupuncture variants which originated in different philosophies, and techniques vary depending on the country in which it is performed. It is most often used to attempt pain relief, though acupuncturists say that it can also be used for a wide range of other conditions.

It has been described as food faddism and quackery, with critics arguing that it is based upon an "exaggerated belief in the effects of nutrition upon health and disease." A short summary is in the journal's preface. Orthomolecular practitioners will often use dubious diagnostic methods to define what substances are "correct"; one example is hair analysis, which produces spurious results when used in this fashion. Proponents of orthomolecular medicine contend that, unlike some other forms of alternative medicine such as homeopathy, their ideas are at least biologically based, do not involve magical thinking, and are capable of generating testable hypotheses.

The Alcor Life Extension Foundation, most often referred to as Alcor, is an American nonprofit organization based in Scottsdale, Arizona, United States. Alcor advocates for, researches, and performs cryonics, the freezing of human corpses and brains in liquid nitrogen after legal death, with hopes of resurrecting and restoring them to full health in the event some new technology can be developed in the future. Cryonics is regarded with skepticism within the mainstream scientific community and has been characterized as quackery and pseudoscience. , Alcor had 1,731 members, including 172 who have died and whose corpses have been subject to cryonic processes.

Since the early 1950s, both amygdalin and a chemical derivative named laetrile have been promoted as alternative cancer treatments, often under the misnomer vitamin B17 (neither amygdalin nor laetrile is a vitamin). Scientific study has found them to be clinically ineffective in treating cancer, as well as potentially toxic or lethal when taken by mouth due to cyanide poisoning. The promotion of laetrile to treat cancer has been described in the medical literature as a canonical example of quackery, and as "the slickest, most sophisticated, and certainly the most remunerative cancer quack promotion in medical history".

In his book and all his life Fauchard denounced the quackery and fraud of dental charlatans and their exploitation of patients. Pierre advised his students and friends of the highly injurious techniques used by charlatans and to avoid them. He warned his medical readers that nitric acid and sulfuric acid on teeth to remove tartar used by charlatans were potentially dangerous and explained how to identify their false dental fillings. One of the first physicians to denounce medical malpractice in dentistry, he alleged to a tribunal that many dentists in France did not have a degree or experience.

Since its inception, chiropractic was controversial amongst the established medical orthodoxy. Chiropractors were jailed for "practicing medicine without a license" which the profession designed a legal and political defence against prosecution arguing that chiropractic was "separate and distinct from medicine", asserting that chiropractors "analyzed" rather than "diagnosed", and "adjusted" subluxations rather than "treated" disease. In 1963 the American Medical Association formed a "Committee on Quackery" designed to "contain and eliminate" the chiropractic profession. In 1966, the AMA referred to chiropractic an "unscientific cult" and until 1980 and held that it was unethical for medical doctors to associate themselves with "unscientific practitioners".

There are no independently recognized studies that confirm the efficacy of the Narconon program. The program has garnered considerable controversy as a result of its origins in Scientology and its methods. Its drug rehabilitation treatment has been described as "medically unsafe", "quackery" and "medical fraud", while academic and medical experts have dismissed its educational program as containing "factual errors in basic concepts such as physical and mental effects, addiction and even spelling". Narconon's facilities have been the location of several deaths, some of which have been linked to a lack of trained medical personnel on site.

National Council Against Health Fraud. In 1980, the US House of Representatives Select Committee on Aging began what became a four-year investigation into health care scams that preyed on older people. Their findings were published in 1984 in a report titled "Quackery, a $10 Billion Scandal", commonly referred to as "The Pepper Report" after committee chairman Claude Pepper. The committee received testimony from a woman desperate to treat her husband's cancer who accepted treatment from Steven and Ellen Haasz, disciples of Wigmore, and eventually from Wigmore's facility in Boston, instead of standard care which the Haaszes strongly discouraged from her pursuing.

With Stanley Robbins and, later, Vinay Kumar, she coauthored the first three editions of the textbook Basic Pathology. She has written chapters in several books dealing with ethical issues in medicine and healthcare. Angell is a member of the Association of American Physicians, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, the Alpha Omega Alpha National Honor Medical Society, and is a Master of the American College of Physicians. She is also a fellow of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal and is an outspoken critic of medical quackery and the promotion of alternative medicine.

Between 1962 and 1982 he was immersed in a nationwide effort to prepare and promote the profession if optometry for an expanded role in healthcare. He recognized that to get optometry recognized as a main-steam science it needed to be taught at universities. There was also resistance from ophthalmologists some of whom considered it quackery. Over several years Dr. Borish lobbied and negotiated extensively to get a couple of laws passed in Indiana - one that would incorporate diagnostic and therapeutic drugs in optometric practice, and the other to require that optometry be taught at universities.

Popular in the late nineteenth century, electrohomeopathy is considered pseudo scientific and has been described as "utter idiocy". In 2012, the Allahabad High Court in Uttar Pradesh, India, handed down a decree which stated that electrohomeopathy was an unrecognized system of medicine which was quackery. Other minority practices include paper preparations, where the substance and dilution are written on pieces of paper and either pinned to the patients' clothing, put in their pockets, or placed under glasses of water that are then given to the patients. Radionics, the use of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves, can also be used to manufacture preparations.

Lacking a class theory of its own, which can come into the labor movement in no other way than through the Marxist party, the American workers, with all their militancy and capacity for sacrifice, fell victim to all kinds of quackery and treason and landed in a blind alley every time.” It was also these strikes that led to the fusion of the two organizations. In 1933 the American Workers Party had initially formed as a separate organization from the Trotskyist Communist League of America (CLA) partly out of the concern that the CLA did not have a strong base in American politics.

Loxton mentions the Belgian Comité Para (1949) as the oldest "broad mandate" skeptical organization. Although it was preceded by the Dutch Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij (VtdK) (1881), which is therefore considered the oldest skeptical organization by others, the VtdK only focuses on fighting quackery, and thus has a 'narrow mandate'. The Comité Para was partly formed as a response to a predatory industry of bogus psychics who were exploiting the grieving relatives of people who had gone missing during the Second World War. In contrast, Michael Shermer traces the origins of the modern scientific skeptical movement to Martin Gardner's 1952 book Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science.

Sheldon's ideas that body type was an indicator of temperament, moral character or potential-- while popular in an atmosphere accepting of the theories of eugenics--were later disputed. A key criticism of Sheldon's constitutional theory is that it was not a theory at all but a general assumption of continuity between structure and behavior and a set of descriptive concepts to measure physique and behavior in a scaled manner. His use of thousands of photographs of naked Ivy League undergraduates, obtained without explicit consent from a pre- existing program evaluating student posture, has been strongly criticized. While popular in the 1950s, Sheldon's claims have since been dismissed as "quackery".

The data used to register the drug in Latvia is not sufficient to obtain approval to use it in the US, Europe, or Japan. As of 2017 there was no good evidence that ECHO-7 is an effective cancer treatment. Oncologists and other medical experts in Latvia have repeatedly expressed the concern for the lack of clinical trials and evidence of efficacy, as well as unethical advertising. Oncologist David Gorski has written that "There are many aspects to the RIGVIR story that strongly suggest that RIGVIR is probably cancer quackery" citing the "mysterious creator" aspect, the misleading description of the product as "natural" and the use of testimonials to market it.

The American Medical Association published critiques and exposes of Tyrrell in its Journal of the American Medical Association. The AMA leveled many criticisms of Tyrrell's product and promotion including the following: #The advertising for the J. B. L. Cascade product was one of “deceit, misrepresentation, and quackery” #The underlying theory—that there is only one cause for disease and that cause is autointoxication resulting from intestinal obstruction – is “false” and “absurd” #The product itself may be dangerous. #The advice to take rectal enemas both in times of sickness and in health is “mischievous”. In respect of Tyrrell's publication Health, the AMA complained that its advertising section “reeked with frauds”.

Microcystin toxin has been found in all 16 samples of A. flos-aquae products sold as food supplements in Germany and Switzerland, originating from Lake Klamath: 10 of 16 samples exceeded the safety value of 1 μg microcystin per gram. University professor Daniel Dietrich warned parents not to let children consume A. flos-aquae products, since children are even more vulnerable to toxic effects, due to lower body weight, and the continuous intake might lead to accumulation of toxins. Dietrich also warned against quackery schemes selling these cyanobacteria as medicine against illnesses such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, causing people to omit their regular drugs.

In the early part of the 20th century, the State of New York had been attempting to clarify its interpretation of the law regarding what constituted medical practice as opposed to the medical quackery of the time.The New York Times, January 27, 1911: “Science Healers to Fight Test Case” Cole, a man of independent means, was a Christian Science practitioner working from his office in New York City. However, he charged a small fee for his services, and according to the law at the time, this put him in the category of unlicensed physician. He was arrested and stood many trials, lasting five years.

Based on his visits to England, his Briefe aus England, with admirable descriptions of David Garrick's acting, are the most attractive of his writings published during his lifetime. From 1778 onward, Lichtenberg published the Göttinger Taschen Calender and contributed to the Göttingisches Magazin der Wissenschaften und Literatur, which he edited for three years (1780–1782) with J. G. A. Forster. The Göttinger Taschen Calender, beside being a usual Calendar for everyday usage, contained not only short writings on natural phenomena and new scientific discoveries (which would be termed popular science today), but also essays in which he contested quackery and superstition. It also contained attacks on the “Sturm und Drang” writers.

New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. During this time, Allport's father was encapsulated in a blurb in Samuel Hopkins Adams' exposé in Collier's Magazine on fraudulent medicinal cures, later reprinted as the book The Great American Fraud: Articles on the Nostrum Evil and Quackery. While much of the book focuses on large scale, heavily advertised patent medicines available at the turn of the century, the author states Allport "would never have embodied this article were it not for the efforts of certain physicians of Cleveland." Allport was criticized for diagnosing and treating morphine addicts via mail simply on the basis of letters and no in-person appointments.

"She was a real scientist trying to impose scientific rigor on an enterprise that was inherently resistant to such an imposition". She attempted to impose a more scientific approach with two long term strategic plans. Unfortunately the plans used "...one of the most harmful tactics of quacks to legitimize their quackery under the banner of "integrative medicine", the co- opting of the opioid crisis as an excuse to claim all nonpharmacological treatments for pain as being "integrative". The results are threatening great harm to chronic pain patients by misguided governments wanting to force them to undergo quack treatments like acupuncture as a means of getting them off opioids".

When used non- technically, the term "toxin" is often applied to any toxic substance, even though the term toxicant would be more appropriate. Toxic substances not directly of biological origin are also termed poisons and many non-technical and lifestyle journalists follow this usage to refer to toxic substances in general. In the context of quackery and alternative medicine, the term "toxin" is used to refer to any substance alleged to cause ill health. This could range from trace amounts of potentially dangerous pesticides, to supposedly harmful substances produced in the body by intestinal fermentation (auto- intoxication), to food ingredients such as table sugar, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and aspartame.

MacLennan is Vice-President of the "Friends of Science in Medicine" (FSM), which he jointly founded in 2011. The University of Adelaide described FSM as "a public health watch dog group of distinguished lay members, scientists and health professionals who are concerned about honesty in medical claims and the need for evidence-based medicine particularly in the growing alternative therapy industry". MacLennan has engaged with universities to discourage them from teaching subjects which are not supported by evidence as if they were science. In 2011, he identified 17 universities that offered "degrees in quackery", and he approached them to show how this undermines those universities' credibility.

Pangolin scales and flesh are used as ingredients for various traditional Chinese medicine preparations. While no scientific evidence exists for the efficacy of those practices, and they have no logical mechanism of action, their popularity still drives the black market for animal body parts, despite concerns about toxicity, transmission of diseases from animals to humans, and species extermination. The ongoing demand for parts as ingredients continues to fuel pangolin poaching, hunting and trading. In the 21st century, the main uses of pangolin scales are quackery practices based on unproven claims the scales dissove blood clots, promote blood circulation, or help lactating women secrete milk.

Quackwatch describes its mission as follows: > ...investigating questionable claims, answering inquiries about products and > services, advising quackery victims, distributing reliable publications, > debunking pseudoscientific claims, reporting illegal marketing, improving > the quality of health information on the internet, assisting or generating > consumer-protection lawsuits, and attacking misleading advertising on the > internet. Quackwatch has no salaried employees, and the total cost of operating all Quackwatch's sites is approximately $7,000 per year. It is funded mainly by small individual donations, commissions from sales on other sites to which they refer, profits from the sale of publications, and self-funding by Barrett. The stated income is also derived from the usage of sponsored links.

Siddha medicine is a traditional medicine originating in Tamil Nadu, India and practised over centuries. The Indian Medical Association regards Siddha medicine degrees as "fake" and Siddha therapies as quackery, posing a danger to national health due to absence of training in science-based medicine. Identifying fake medical practitioners without qualifications, the Supreme Court of India stated in 2018 that "unqualified, untrained quacks are posing a great risk to the entire society and playing with the lives of people without having the requisite training and education in the science from approved institutions". In rural India, siddhars have learned methods traditionally through master-disciple relationships to become local "healers".

The Bastyr curriculum has been criticized for teaching pseudoscience and quackery, as its courses in homeopathy, herbalism, acupuncture, and ayurvedic methods lack a compelling evidence basis. Clinical training in the naturopathic medicine program was revealed to be significantly fewer hours than what Bastyr claims to provide its students, focusing on dubious diagnostics to prescribe experimental and pseudoscientific treatments that do not adhere to medical standards of care. Research conducted at Bastyr has been criticized as being a waste of taxpayer dollars by studying implausible treatments inconsistent with the best understandings of science and medicine. The former president of Bastyr, Joseph Pizzorno, has been criticized for promoting dangerous and ineffective naturopathic treatments.

On July 30, he publicly suggested delaying the election due to COVID-19, despite the authority to make such a change lying with Congress. Some of the most prominent leaders of the Republican Party rejected that such a prospect would be considered. Later the same day, Trump walked back his comments, while repeating his condemnation of postal voting. Responding to the comments and the president's handling of the pandemic, Timothy Egan writes in a New York Times opinion piece that Trump "should do humanity a favor and surrender now", saying this could "save many lives of supporters who have listened to the lethal quackery from the presidential podium".

In 1868, he formally founded the company Eno's 'Fruit Salt' Works. Eno's success spawned many competitors in both Great Britain and the United States, including Abbey's Effervescent Salts, Dunn's Fruit Salt, Slaven's California Fruit Salt, and Dr. Edison Obesity Fruit Salts, for which in 1897 performer Alice J. Shaw became one of the earliest celebrity spokespersons for a weight loss product. In the style of patent medicines and quackery, they were advertised hyperbolically for an enormous range of diseases and ailments, only some of which they could ameliorate (e.g. indigestion). The range spanned from cholera to gout, rheumatism, colds, fevers, biliousness, indigestion, diarrhea, pimples, and headaches.

They lost their office- cleaning business and home and had to declare bankruptcy, claiming that the church did not offer them any help in their time of need. "Holy Oil of Psalm 23, blessed in six destinations in Israel" as described above was still being used by the UCKG in 2012; it is praised and described as being distributed in London, UK, in the UCKG's UK Web site. In 1992, Bishop Macedo was prosecuted for tax evasion in the state of São Paulo and imprisoned for 11 days. "in 1992 Edir Macedo was imprisoned accused of charlatanism, quackery, and larceny by fraud" No charges against him were proved and the case was archived.

"Unique green light for anthroposophical drug", Svensk Farmaci In other countries mistletoe therapy is virtually unknown. The United States Food and Drug Administration has not approved mistletoe-based drugs for any purpose; mistletoe extracts may not be distributed in or imported into the US except for research purposes. no mistletoe-based drugs are licensed for use in the United Kingdom. A 2013 article on mistletoe in Lancet Oncology invoked Ben Goldacre's observation that a geographical preference for certain therapies was a hallmark of quackery, and proposed that the continuing use of this "apparently ineffectual therapy" in a small cluster of countries was based on sociological rather than medical reasons, indicating a need for a more informed consent from patients.

Another much less common sense of the term empiric therapy involves quackery, and empiric as a noun has been used as a synonym of quack. This sense applies when the amount of guessing involved by the clinician transcends so far beyond science that the standard of care is not upheld. Whereas prescribing a broad- spectrum antibiotic to fight a clinically apparent infection as early as possible is entirely prudent and scientific despite the absence of confirmatory cultures, prescribing magic rituals or pseudoscientific schemes is not. The fact that "acting on practical experience in the absence of theory or complete knowledge" can have both legitimate and illegitimate forms stretches back to long before science existed.

As a professional he had to contend in his field with the quackery of John Harrison Curtis, as did James Yearsley and Joseph Toynbee. In 1838 Pilcher was awarded the Fothergillian prize for his treatise On the Structure and Pathology of the Ear, and in 1842 he was elected president of the Medical Society of London. When the Webb Street school was reabsorbed into the Borough hospitals from which it had originally sprung, Pilcher became attached to Lane's school, which was affiliated to St George's Hospital. At that hospital he became lecturer on surgery on 6 July 1843, and in the same year he was made an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

"Medical quackery and the promotions of nostrums and worthless drugs were among the most prominent abuses which led to the establishment of formal self-regulation in business and, in turn, to the creation of the NBBB." The concept of the Better Business Bureau has been credited to several court cases, such as United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola, initiated by the government against a number of organizations, including the Coca-Cola Company, in 1906 after the Pure Food and Drug Act had become law. Samuel Candler Dobbs, sales manager of Coca-Cola and later its president, took up the cause of truth in advertising in the wake of those judgments.

On the official promoting of her book, she claimed that during her tenure, when she asked foreign advisors why they pushed so hard for the reform of Serbian education, she got answer that they need plumbers, not educated people (Politika newspapers, June 13, 2006, page 10). In an interview in November 2019, professor Milan M. Ćirković was discussing pseudo-science. He mentioned Čolić's short ministerial stint, adding that because of her removal of Darwinism, she was "depicted as a heroine in the magazines and books of the global creationist movement". Čolić responded with a letter, underlining Ćirković's claim that some pseudoscience are life threatening, though he specifically used it for other movements like pseudo-medicine, quackery and antivaxers.

Chartered as the College of Medicine of Maryland in December 1807, the University of Maryland School of Medicine was the founding school of the University System of Maryland and the only public medical school in the U.S. at the time. It is the fifth oldest medical school in the country after the medicals schools at Columbia University (established May 1807), Dartmouth College (1798), Harvard University (1782), and the University of Pennsylvania (1765). Its founding by Nathaniel Potter and John Beale Davidge was part of an influx of professionals to Baltimore and the rapid urban development that immediately followed the American Revolution. By the late 1780s, there was public discussion about the need for "medical reform and suppression of quackery".

Although chemists at the time branded it quackery, as it was simply fortified wine with herbs and a laxative, the tonic sold very well nevertheless. Willis sold his firm in 1922 but then made another fortune with Zonite, an antiseptic preparation based on Dakin's solution, widely used in World War I. In 1922, as head of its finance committee, Willis led a $2 million fundraising drive for Georgia Tech. Willis was also active in real estate development in the Atlanta area. Willis commissioned the 1917 Druid Apartments at the corner of Ponce de Leon Avenue and Highland Avenue in Atlanta's Poncey-Highland neighborhood, now the site of the Briarcliff Plaza, Atlanta's first shopping center.

In July 1924, a grand jury in San Francisco handed down 19 indictments to people responsible for conferring fake medical degrees, and for some doctors who received them; Brinkley was one, due mostly to his questionable application for a California medical license. When agents from California came to arrest Brinkley, the governor of Kansas, Jonathan M. Davis, refused to extradite him because he made the state too much money.Brock, 2008, pp. 89-90 Brinkley took to his radio station's airwaves to crow about his victory over the American Medical Association and Fishbein, who by this time had started giving speeches and writing articles for the Journal of the American Medical Association deriding Brinkley and his treatments as quackery.

Ozone therapy is an alternative medical treatment that introduces ozone or ozonides to the body. In April 2003, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prohibited all medical uses of ozone, "In any medical condition for which there is no proof of safety and effectiveness", stating "Ozone is a toxic gas with no known useful medical application in specific, adjunctive, or preventive therapy. In order for ozone to be effective as a germicide, it must be present in a concentration far greater than that which can be safely tolerated by man and animals." Ozone therapy has been sold as an unproven treatment for various illnesses, including cancer, a practice which has been characterized as "pure quackery".

The Act, however, left advertising and claims of effectiveness unregulated as the Supreme Court interpreted it to mean only that ingredients on labels had to be accurate. Language in the 1912 Sherley Amendment, meant to close this loophole, was limited to regulating claims that were false and fraudulent, creating the need to show intent. Throughout the early 20th century, the American Medical Association collected material on medical quackery, and one of their members and medical editors in particular, Arthur J. Cramp, devoted his career to criticizing such products. The AMA's Department of Investigation closed in 1975, but their only archive open to non-members remains, the American Medical Association Health Fraud and Alternative Medicine Collection.

In nature, radium is found in uranium and (to a lesser extent) thorium ores in trace amounts as small as a seventh of a gram per ton of uraninite. Radium is not necessary for living organisms, and adverse health effects are likely when it is incorporated into biochemical processes because of its radioactivity and chemical reactivity. Currently, other than its use in nuclear medicine, radium has no commercial applications; formerly, it was used as a radioactive source for radioluminescent devices and also in radioactive quackery for its supposed curative powers. Today, these former applications are no longer in vogue because radium's toxicity has become known, and less dangerous isotopes are used instead in radioluminescent devices.

He received his B.A. from Pitzer College in 1982, his M.D. from the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry in 1986 and his M.P.H. from Harvard University in 1993. Perls is Professor of medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and attending physician in geriatrics at Boston Medical Center. He is author of over 160 peer reviewed articles primarily in the areas of biodemography and genetics of human exceptional longevity and anti-aging quackery. Generally, the study has found that centenarians and their children (in their 70s thru 90s) age relatively slowly and have decreased risk for aging-related diseases including Alzheimer's, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke and restrictive lung disease.

After the Revolutions of 1989, Eastern Europe saw a surge in quackery and paranormal beliefs that were no longer restrained by the generally secular Communist regimes or the Iron curtain and its information barriers. The foundation of many new skeptical organizations was as well intending to protect consumers. These included the Czech Skeptics' Club Sisyfos (1995), the Hungarian Skeptic Society (2006), the Polish Sceptics Club (2010) and the Russian-speaking Skeptic Society (2013). The Austrian Skeptical Society in Vienna (founded in 2002) deals with issues such as Johann Grander's "vitalized water" and the use of dowsing at the Austrian Parliament. The European Skeptics Congress (ESC) has been held throughout Europe since 1989, from 1994 onwards co-ordinated by the European Council of Skeptical Organizations.

In 2009, UNESCO decided to add Dongui Bogam to the cultural heritage list due to its contribution as a historical relic and it was placed on UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme, becoming Korea's seventh cultural heritage to be thus included.Dongui Bogam, Korea Times, 2009-07-31. However, doctors clashed over Dongui Bogam after the official listing. The Korean Medical Association (KMA) downplayed the book’s importance saying that “it shouldn’t be taken as anything more than a recognition of the book’s value as a historical relic. It should not be taken as an acknowledgement of traditional medicine for its superior effectiveness” Listing the fact that the book is full of quackery such as how to bear a son or how to make yourself invisible.

In 1964, Saeed came into public limelight when he gave rogue criticism to Lieutenant-General Wajid Ali Khan Burki, then-Surgeon General (Pakistan) of Army Medical Corps who was a high-profile officer leading the then Ministry of Health under the government of Field Marshal Ayub Khan. Saeed criticized the General, saying, "General [Wajid] Burki used to say that Eastern medicine and homeopathy were quackery". Saeed began to write articles, organized conferences and lobbied hard for the Eastern medicine, and Ayub Khan had to pass a law legalizing Eastern medicine, due to a fear of his government losing credibility among the people. In 1985, Hakeem Mohammed Saeed founded Hamdard University, where he served as its first Vice-Chancellor and as a professor.

Elwell accuses Praetorius of "quackery", but Praetorius defends himself with the fact that he was a licensed practitioner, describing how he was forced to leave town after his maid discovered his medical degree. Praetorius refuses to answer questions about Shunderson, but Shunderson explains that he served 15 years in prison for the alleged death of a man who had tried to murder him, then somehow survived being hanged after actually murdering the man, who had gone into hiding during the first trial. When he woke up, he was lying on a table in front of Praetorius, who was at that time a medical student examining what he believed was a cadaver. Praetorius kept Shunderson's survival a secret, and Shunderson became Praetorius's devoted friend.

"Unani Medicine in India: Its Origin and Fundamental Concepts" by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. IV Part 2 (Medicine and Life Sciences in India), Ed. B. V. Subbarayappa, Centre for Studies in Civilizations, Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture, New Delhi, 2001, pp. 298-325 The Hellenistic origin of Unani medicine is still visible in its being based on the classical four humours: phlegm (balgham), blood (dam), yellow bile (ṣafrā) and black bile (saudā'), but it has also been influenced by Indian and Chinese traditional systems. The Supreme Court of India and Indian Medical Association regard the practice of modern medicine by practitioners of Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha medicine as quackery.

Members of the aristocratic class sensed danger as the disease continued to spread and fled the city: "The plague is so sore that none of worth stay about these places" remarked one contemporary. In November, London's College of Physicians convened a meeting to discuss the "insolent and illicit practice" of London's unlicensed medical physicians with the intention to "summon them all" before the college for quackery. Queen Elizabeth's royal court also decided not to host the annual Accession Day tilt celebrations for the month due to the possibility of contagion at the royal court. Some records of the plague were copied by John Stow during his own research in the 17th century and have survived time despite the original documents being lost.

His documentary Guru BustersExcerpts from documentary, about the campaign to eradicate superstition, religious fraud and quackery in India, provoked controversy with its vivid, occasionally disturbing, depiction of the work of leading Indian rationalist campaigners such as Prabir Ghosh, Sanal Edamaruku and Basava Premanand. Followers of the guru Satya Sai Baba attempted, unsuccessfully, to prevent the documentary being broadcast in South AfricaReport from Freedom of Expression Institute, South Africa and Australia, complaining about the film's use of previously suppressed video material that allegedly showed the guru using legerdemain trickery.Suppressed Doordarshan news footage shown in "Guru Busters" documentary, Eagle continued to investigate supposedly supernatural phenomena as series producer of Supernatural Science for the BBC. Science, medicine, controversy and fraud are recurrent themes in his work.

Homeopathy and Its Kindred Delusions is composed of two parts. In the first, Holmes explains how the placebo effect can produce false positives, and describes numerous forms of popular but ineffective quackery (including the royal touch, the tractors of Elisha Perkins, and the powder of sympathy), to demonstrate that positive anecdotal evidence is not necessarily indicative of an effective medical therapy. He also describes how Perkins claimed the healing powers of the tractors were due to their being made of a special alloy, but how they declined in popularity after it was discovered that the tractors had the same effect no matter what they were made of. In the second, he criticizes the basis of homeopathy itself, such as its theory of dilutions.

When Flexner researched his report, "modern" medicine faced vigorous competition from several quarters, including osteopathic medicine, chiropractic medicine, electrotherapy, eclectic medicine, naturopathy and homeopathy. Flexner clearly doubted the scientific validity of all forms of medicine other than that based on scientific research, deeming any approach to medicine that did not advocate the use of treatments such as vaccines to prevent and cure illness as tantamount to quackery and charlatanism. Medical schools that offered training in various disciplines including electromagnetic field therapy, phototherapy, eclectic medicine, physiomedicalism, naturopathy, and homeopathy, were told either to drop these courses from their curriculum or lose their accreditation and underwriting support. A few schools resisted for a time, but eventually most complied with the Report or shut their doors.

The Prince's Duchy Originals produce a variety of complementary medicinal products including a "Detox Tincture" that Edzard Ernst has denounced as "financially exploiting the vulnerable" and "outright quackery". In 2009, the Advertising Standards Authority criticised an email that Duchy Originals had sent out to advertise its Echina-Relief, Hyperi-Lift and Detox Tinctures products saying that it was misleading. The Prince personally wrote at least seven letters to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) shortly before they relaxed the rules governing labelling of such herbal products, a move that has been widely condemned by scientists and medical bodies. In October 2009, it was reported that Charles had personally lobbied the Health Secretary, Andy Burnham, regarding greater provision of alternative treatments in the NHS.

The letter was reprinted by other writers and publishers along with its brilliant accompanying eulogy: Here five foot deep lyes on his back A cobbler, starmonger, and quack… Who to the stars in pure good-will, Does to his best look upward still. Weep all you customers that use His pills, his almanacks or shoes. When Partridge published a letter proclaiming that he had not in fact died, Swift announced that his letter was false, as "they were sure no man alive ever to writ such damned stuff as this." Partridge's intense unpopularity among Church supporters, those whose deaths he had falsely predicted, anti- Whigs, and those who felt his "astrology" was in reality quackery kept the hoax going long after Swift finally dispensed with it.

The activities of the A4M are controversial: in 2003 a commentary on the response of the scientific community to the promotion of anti-aging medicine noted that the activities of the A4M were seen as a threat to the credibility of serious scientific research on aging. According to MSNBC, anti-aging advocates have responded to such criticism by describing it as censorship perpetrated by a conspiracy of the US government, notably the Food and Drug Administration, the AMA, and the mainstream media, motivated by competing commercial interests. Tom Perls of the Boston University School of Medicine, a prominent critic of the organization, has stated that claims of censorship and suppression are a common theme in what he calls "anti-aging quackery".

Hieronymous Bosch paints a scene of a Renaissance mountebank fleecing credulous gamblers. In usage, a subtle difference is drawn between the charlatan and other kinds of confidence tricksters. The charlatan is usually a salesperson of a certain service or product, who does not try to create a personal relationship with his "marks" (the persons to whom the service or product is sold), or set up an elaborate hoax or con game using roleplaying. Rather, the person called a charlatan is being accused of resorting to quackery, pseudoscience, or some knowingly employed bogus means of impressing people in order to swindle his victims by selling them worthless nostrums and similar goods or services that will not deliver on the promises made for them.

McShea, Megan, A Finding Aid to the Walt Kuhn Family Papers and Armory Show Records, 1859–1978 (bulk 1900–1949), Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. The publicity that stormed the show had been well sought, with the publication of half-tone postcards of 57 works, including the Duchamp nude that would become its most infamous. News reports and reviews were filled with accusations of quackery, insanity, immorality, and anarchy, as well as parodies, caricatures, doggerels and mock exhibitions. Some responded with laughter, as the artist John French Sloan seemed to not take the exhibition seriously in his published cartoon, "A slight attack of third dimentia brought on by excessive study of the much-talked of cubist pictures in the International Exhibition at New York".

His scorn culminates in an attack on the quackery which he sees behind the pronouncements: > And it seems to me that you are no better than the so-called marvel-mongers, > nay not even than the rest of the quacks and sophists. At them, however, I > do not wonder, that they abandon men for pay; but I do wonder at you, the > god, and at mankind, that they pay to be abandoned.Eusebius, Praeparatio > Evangelica, book v. 29. Naturally, not everyone in the Roman world was impressed Oenomaus' thoughts; the Emperor Julian accused him of impiety: > Let not the Cynic be shameless or impudent after the fashion of Oenomaus, a > scorner of all things divine and human: rather let him be, like Diogenes, > reverent towards the divine.

Family Constellations session Family Constellations, also known as Systemic Constellations and Systemic Family Constellations, alternative therapeutic method which draws on elements of family systems therapy, existential phenomenology and isiZulu beliefs and attitudes to family. In a single session, a Family Constellation attempts to reveal a unrecognized dynamic that spans multiple generations in a given family and to resolve the deleterious effects of that dynamic by encouraging the subject, through representatives, to encounter and accept the factual reality of the past. Family Constellations diverges significantly from conventional forms of cognitive, behaviour and psychodynamic psychotherapy. The method has been described by physicists as quantum quackery, and its founder Bert Hellinger incorporated the speculative theory of morphic resonance into his explanation of it.

The AMA labeled chiropractic an "unscientific cult" in 1966, and until 1980 held that it was unethical for medical doctors to associate with "unscientific practitioners". In 1975, an anonymous AMA insider describing himself as a disgruntled AMA staffer and identifying himself as "Sore Throat" released information concerning the Committee on Quackery and its proposed methods to eliminate chiropractic to the press.Robbins J (1996), Medical monopoly: the game nobody wins – excerpt from 'Reclaiming Our Health: Exploding the Medical Myth and Embracing the Source of True Healing', Vegetarian Times available online These papers were the basis of Wilk et al. vs. AMA, the suit brought by Chester Wilk, D.C., of Illinois and five co- plaintiffs against the AMA and several co-defendants.

None of the hundreds of demonstrators in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the US were injured and "no one was cured of anything, either".Sam Jones, "Homeopathy protesters to take 'mass overdose' outside Boots", The Guardian, January 29, 2010 Outside of the alternative medicine community, scientists have long considered homeopathy a sham or a pseudoscience, and the mainstream medical community regards it as quackery. There is an overall absence of sound statistical evidence of therapeutic efficacy, which is consistent with the lack of any biologically plausible pharmacological agent or mechanism. Abstract concepts within theoretical physics have been invoked to suggest explanations of how or why preparations might work, including quantum entanglement, quantum nonlocality, the theory of relativity and chaos theory.

Future president Andrew Johnson from Tennessee was one of several congressmen fiercely opposed to the bill Senate No. 271 ran into numerous obstacles in the House. Then Tennessee representative and future president Andrew Johnson was one of many vociferous opponents of the proposal to debase silver, calling the idea of Congress fixing the value of currency an exercise in the "merest quackery--the veriest charlatanism". Additionally, the bill was encumbered by numerous House amendments led by a cadre of congressmen who wished to see the United States switch entirely to the gold standard. The most important amendment, authored by Representative Cyrus Dunham, would have removed legal tender status from any new silver coins in private transactions, so as to eliminate silver as a medium of exchange.

The Moerman Therapy, also called Moerman Method or Moerman Diet is a purported cancer treatment from the Dutch practitioner (1893-1988). Its effectiveness is supported by anecdote only - there is no evidence of its worth as a cancer treatment. According to Quackwatch, "The diet prohibited all meats, all fish and shellfish, alcohol, animal fats, artificial colorings, beans, peas, lentils, mushrooms, potatoes, red cabbage, , cheeses with high fat and salt content, and other hydrogenated oils, coffee, cocoa or teas, egg whites, sugar, salt, white flour, and tobacco." In 2000, Cornelis Moerman's invention of the diet earned him a place at the head of "a list of the twenty biggest quacks of the twentieth century" as decided by the Dutch Union Against Quackery.

Until 1983, the AMA held that it was unethical for medical doctors to associate with an "unscientific practitioner," and labeled chiropractic "an unscientific cult."The Wilk Case Before 1980, Principle 3 of the AMA Principles of medical ethics stated: "A physician should practice a method of healing founded on a scientific basis; and he should not voluntarily professionally associate with anyone who violates this principle." In 1980 during a major revision of ethical rules (while the Wilk litigation was in progress), it replaced Principle 3, stating that a physician "shall be free to choose whom to serve, with whom to associate, and the environment in which to provide medical services." Also, up until 1974, the AMA had a Committee on quackery which challenged what it considered to be unscientific forms of healing.

The GWUP regards itself as the oldest and largest skeptics' organisation in German-speaking Europe and considers itself to be part of the international skeptical movement. As its predecessor organisations, the GWUP cites the informal Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Skeptiker zur Untersuchung von Pseudowissenschaften und Okkultem (ASUPO, "Working Community of Skeptics for the Investigation of Pseudosciences and Occultism", founded on 7 February 1987) and the Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung des Kurpfuschertums ("German Society for Fighting Quackery", founded in 1903, outlawed by the Nazis in 1934). The Society has a scientific advisory council at its disposal, currently presided by Peter Kröling and Wolfgang Hell. The Science Council has an interdisciplinary composition and comprises scientists, scholars and other people from fields such as medicine, psychology, physics, religious studies, biology, pedagogy, folkloristics and cultural anthropology.

Maxim, a longtime sufferer of bronchitis, patented and manufactured a pocket menthol inhaler and a larger "Pipe of Peace", a steam inhaler using pine vapour, that he claimed could relieve asthma, tinnitus, hay fever and catarrh."Sir Hiram Maxim's great Invention", The Times, 19 July 1910. After being criticised for applying his talents to quackery, he protested that "it will be seen that it is a very creditable thing to invent a killing machine, and nothing less than a disgrace to invent an apparatus to prevent human suffering".Spy for Vanity Fair, 1904 He also invented a curling iron, an apparatus for demagnetising watches, magno- electric machines, devices to prevent the rolling of ships, eyelet and riveting machines, aircraft artillery, an aerial torpedo gun, coffee substitutes, and various oil, steam, and gas engines.

In 1918, Bailey claimed that radium added to drinking water could be used to treat dozens of conditions, from mental illness and headaches to diabetes, anemia, constipation, and asthma. Bailey became rich from the sale of Radithor, a well known patent medicine/snake oil that is possibly the best known example of radioactive quackery. Bailey created Radithor by dissolving radium salts in water to deliver 1 microcurie of radiation from each of 226Ra and 228Ra, claiming its curative properties were due to stimulation of the endocrine system. Radithor was advertised as "A Cure for the Living Dead" as well as "Perpetual Sunshine" In fact, Radithor was a lethal mixture, and was responsible for the death of Eben Byers in 1932, who died of radiation-induced cancer after drinking about 1,400 bottles of Radithor.

Medical Society of the District of Columbia was founded in 1817 and was the 12th medical society to be formed in the United States, and the first medical society in the country to be chartered by an Act of Congress, and was given the authority to license physicians in D.C. to practice medicine. "The presence of quackery in this District lay at the foundation of the original formation of the Society." The Society endeavored to keep the public informed of the legitimacy of the qualifications of physicians, and decided that obtaining Congressional authority would improve the Society's ability to perform this function. The Medical Association of the District of Columbia, an organization which performed several complementary professional functions involving setting ethical standards and procedures for disciplining members, merged with the Society in 1911.

Over the years, several variations of the act have been developed by numerous performers, using objects including running power drills, fireworks, lit fire-eating rods, condoms, balloons, cork screws, letter openers, straws, spoons, forks, and much more. In 2005, scientific skeptic and investigator James Randi criticized faith healer John of God of Brazil for his use of this carnival trick to convince unsuspecting people, some desperately ill, of his paranormal healing powers. Randi and others also criticized news media outlets ABC, CNN, and Oprah Winfrey for uncritically promoting the faith healer's quackery. On November 23, 2009, The National Geographic Channel's Humanly Impossible series aired an episode "Human Blockhead" examining this trick with a visual camera probe inserted through the nostril and up to four inches into the sinus cavity.

Patrick started his career in 2008 as the Finance Manager with the Mission Support Network Centre where he headed the Cost Control Unit of the Finance Department. While there, he kept tending his drive for entrepreneurship and real estate investment, reading over 70 books on a course of personal development. His favourites, “Rich Dad Poor Dad” by Robert Kiyosaki, and “The Millionaire Real Estate Investor” by Gary W. Keller, changed his perspective on what real estate entails. Patrick then proceeded to launch his own business from scratch, Photizo properties Limited —a real estate firm in Lekki, a high brow area in Lagos—in 2018as part of the need to fill the housing deficit in the country. Patrick was able to identify over- taxation, weak regulation, and quackery among major inhibitors to the nation’s housing development.

Antecedently, he was an austere vocal critic of indigenous practices that placed the wellbeing of native communities in peril and easy prey to the quackery of guileful practitioners—he worked towards getting those charlatanism practices extirpated. Moreover, he advocated for regulating native ethno-medicinal practices and outlawing those that were insanitary or insalubrious through erudition programs tailored to specific native communities’ socioculturalism. Congruently, he encouraged a scientific approach to traditional medicinal modalities, vis-à-vis, enacting of quality control criteria such as dosage guidelines in conjunction with promoting proven evidence-based time-tested and outcome-driven ethno-medicine. He presciently cognized that this could only be achieved through colorable scientifically modeled studies to authenticate the safety and efficacies of indigenous healing methods akin to the European or westernized medicine.

The editorial staff later admitted that they had been 'blinded' by the wondrous story of Niek's parents, and should have been more skeptical. After van Erp criticised the ideas of American-Italian nuclear physicist Ruggero Santilli, the latter sued him, his webhost, and the chairman of Skepsis Foundation in 2016. The suit against the foundation was dismissed in August 2018 and shortly thereafter the suit against van Erp was settled. In October 2016, the electronics company Philips planned to hold a workshop called "Energy Medicine meets technology" with speakers from companies developing an electroacupuncture device and an app for mapping meridians; after van Erp posted a blog describing his efforts to get information from the companies and criticizing these devices as pseudoscience and quackery, Philips cancelled the workshop.

In 2015, the Australian Government's Department of Health published the results of a review of alternative therapies that sought to determine if any were suitable for being covered by health insurance; the Feldenkrais Method was one of 17 therapies evaluated for which no clear evidence of effectiveness was found. Accordingly in 2017 the Australian government identified the Feldenkrais Method as a practice that would not qualify for insurance subsidy, saying this step would "ensure taxpayer funds are expended appropriately and not directed to therapies lacking evidence". There is limited evidence that workplace-based use of the Feldenkrais Method may help aid rehabilitation of people with upper limb complaints. David Gorski has written that the Method bears similarities to faith healing, is like "glorified yoga", and that it "borders on quackery".

The resulting struggle for control of the city of Rosario was not a struggle between justice and corruption, but a struggle between a corrupt police officer and his even more corrupt superior. The document that del Frade cites as a source goes on to list the sources of extralegal income the police were collecting, which included theft of goods during transport, bank robbery, car theft, gambling, exploitation of juveniles in nightclubs and discos, and medical quackery, among other things. Category number two was income from the Public Morality units of the police, and included Since the nightclubs and discos were fronts for brothels, this can be summarized as drugs and prostitution. As part of her campaign for sex worker rights, Cabrera fought for the elimination of the articles of the provincial Misdemeanor Code that criminalized prostitution.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicine as "the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness." Practices known as traditional medicines include Ayurveda, Siddha medicine, Unani, ancient Iranian medicine, Irani, Islamic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Korean medicine, acupuncture, Muti, Ifá, and traditional African medicine. The WHO stated that "inappropriate use of traditional medicines or practices can have negative or dangerous effects" and that "further research is needed to ascertain the efficacy and safety" of several of the practices and medicinal plants used by traditional medicine systems. As example, Indian Medical Association regard traditional medicine practices, such as Ayurveda and Siddha medicine, as quackery.

They remain commonly used with, or instead of, scientific medicine and are thus called alternative medicine. As an example, evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture is "variable and inconsistent" for any condition, but is generally safe when done by an appropriately trained practitioner. In contrast, alternative treatments outside the bounds not just of scientific medicine, but also outside the bounds of safety and efficacy are termed quackery. This can encompass an array of practices and practitioners, irrespective of whether they are prescientific (traditional medicine and folk medicine) or modern pseudo-scientific, including chiropractic which rejects modern scientific germ theory of disease (instead believing without evidence that human diseases are caused by invisible subluxation of the bones, predominantly of the spine and less so of other bones), with just over half of chiropractors also rejecting the science of immunization.

In this environment where mainstream medicine was unscientific, a school of thought arose in which theory would be ignored and only practical results would be considered. This was the original introduction of empiricism into medicine, long before medical science would greatly extend it. However, by the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as biological and medical science developed, the situation had reversed: because the state of the art in medicine was now scientific medicine, those physicians who ignored all etiologic theory in favor of only their own experience were now increasingly quackish, even though in the era of religion-based or mythology-based medicine (the era of medicine men) they might have been, as viewed through today's hindsight, admirably rational and in fact protoscientific. Thus as science became the norm, unscientific and pseudoscientific approaches qualified as quackery.

According to Frederick Smith, the founder of zero balancing, > "Zero balancing teaches that the deepest currents of energy are in bone, > that memory can be held in tissue, that energy fields in the body underlie > mind, body and emotions, and that imbalances in the field precede > pathology".Fritz Frederick Smith quoted at The Zero Balancing Health Association say that zero balancing "uses skilled touch to address the relationship between energy and structures of the body". Writing for Science-Based Medicine, lawyer Jann Bellamy places Zero balancing among many vitalism-based practices that exist within the "cornucopia of quackery" of massage therapy. Bellamy writes that in the United States of America the public are inadequately protected from such practices because of the lack of independent oversight; instead regulation is carried out within a "closed loop" system by massage-focused organizations.

189-190 It has been described by nutrition experts as quackery and based on the discredited idea of food combining. Nutritionist Theodore P. Labuza noted that the diet is unbalanced with potential hazards such as diarrhea, potassium deficiency and heart arrhythmia, thus should be avoided. A report published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1981 criticized the diet, noting significant inaccuracies that could result in physical harm to those following the regimen. The report, written by Dr. Gabe Mirkin of the University of Maryland, College Park and Dr. Ronald Shore of Johns Hopkins University, pointed out that there was no evidence supporting the scientific validity of the program and that it stood in opposition to established knowledge in the medical profession about nutrition, calling it "the latest, and perhaps the worst, entry in the diet-fad derby".

One of the earliest notices in the British Medical Journal tried to sound a warning: "The occurrence in quick succession of two inquests on persons who have died under the so-called 'Christian Science' treatment, has probably made known to many people for the first time the existence in our midst of a system of quackery at once more foolish and more pernicious than any of the many follies and frauds which flourish in rank luxuriance on the 'eternal gullible' in man ... [T]he fact that such a farrago of nonsense is taken seriously by people of education and intelligence almost makes us despair of human progress" ("Christian Science: What It Is," BMJ 1898, vol. 2, 1515-16). It was a loss from which he never fully recovered. Laura Allen died on March 25, 1936, at Oxford.

The ABC cigarette marque was by then known beyond Germany, and the company had outlets in most major European cities as well as in Madison Avenue in New York. During the period of radioactive quackery in the early 20th century, Batschari also produced a brand of "Radium" radioactive cigarettes. In 1912 the Batscharis family lost control of the company due to what amounted to a hostile takeover by the BAT Company, who purchased a 40% voting stake in their bid to become the dominant tobacco product manufacturer in Germany. Batschari began to encounter financial difficulties in the wake of the global economic crisis of the 1920s, exacerbated by large tax increases and debt, which threatened the existence of the company and forced the city government to subsidize it with public funding to avoid losing its almost 2,000 jobs.

Dr. C. Mark Palmer of Ponca City, Oklahoma rebutted the theory that sweating would clear out drugs, stating that "No matter how much a patient were made to sweat, it could not significantly increase his clearing of most drugs." After reviewing materials published by Narconon, University of Oklahoma biochemistry professor Bruce Roe described the program as "a scam" based on "half-truths and pseudo- science." In a 1988 report, Dr. Ronald E. Gots, a toxicology expert from Bethesda, Maryland, called the regimen "quackery", and noted that "no recognized body of toxicologists, no department of occupational medicine, nor any governmental agencies endorse or recommend such treatment." In 1991, the Board of Mental Health in Oklahoma refused to certify the program for use in a Narconon facility on the grounds of potential danger from its high vitamin and mineral doses.

Rather, there was a lack of data from reliable scientific investigation into physiological mechanisms, and the means "by which the effects of hydropathy can be measured and controlled". > Probably however, nothing has done more to repel earnest research than the > suspicion of quackery which taints the practice that ordinarily goes by this > name. Huge establishments can only be made to pay by full houses well kept > up, and this is found as a rule to require that their calling be magnified > in ways which are at once too special and popular to be scientific and > genuine. The British Medical Journal concurred with this writer on all counts, noting that there were "simple generalisations" that could be deduced regarding the effects of heat and cold on physiological processes, and lamenting the lack of such generalisations by "therapeutical authorities", let alone scientific investigations.

Kilmer mausoleum in 2009 The Kilmer brother's Swamp Root formula was regarded as fraud and quackery by critics. Medical health experts noted that it was being advertised under false pretences, the formula was potentially dangerous and there was no evidence it could cure kidney or liver disease. The decline in the patent medicine business led Kilmer to branch out into other businesses. He was extensively involved in real estate, owning a landmark family mansion in Binghamton, NY, constructing the twelve story Press Building in downtown Binghamton as a home for another new business he created, The Binghamton Press Co., building several other less-prominent buildings in downtown Binghamton, and three racing stables and estates: Sun Briar Court in Binghamton, Court Manor in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, and Remlik, on the banks of Virginia's Rappahannock River.

The concept of alternative medicine is problematic as it cannot exist autonomously as an object of study in its own right but must always be defined in relation to a non-static and transient medical orthodoxy. It also divides medicine into two realms, a medical mainstream and fringe, which, in privileging orthodoxy, presents difficulties in constructing an historical analysis independent of the often biased and polemical views of regular medical practitioners.; The description of non-conventional medicine as alternative reinforces both its marginality and the centrality of official medicine. Although more neutral than either pejorative or promotional designations such as “quackery” or “natural medicine”, cognate terms like “unconventional”, “heterodox”, “unofficial”, “irregular”, "folk", "popular", "marginal", “complementary”, “integrative” or “unorthodox” define their object against the standard of conventional biomedicine,; entail particular perspectives and judgements, often carry moral overtones, and can be inaccurate.

Medical historian Barbara Clow writes that, in common with many other types of quackery, macrobiotics takes a view of illness and of therapy which conflicts with mainstream medicine. Macrobiotics emphasizes locally grown whole grain cereals, pulses (legumes), vegetables, edible seaweed, fermented soy products, and fruit combined into meals according to the ancient Chinese principle of balance known as yin and yang.William Dufty with Sakurazawa Nyoiti (1965) You Are All Sanpaku, University Books Whole grains and whole-grain products such as brown rice and buckwheat pasta (soba), a variety of cooked and raw vegetables, beans and bean products, mild natural seasonings, fish, nuts and seeds, mild (non-stimulating) beverages such as bancha twig tea, and fruit are recommended. Some macrobiotic proponents stress that yin and yang are relative qualities that can only be determined in a comparison.

Autologous blood therapy, also known as autologous blood injection or autohemotherapy, comprises certain types of hemotherapy using a person's own blood (auto- + hemo- + therapy). There are several kinds, the original belonging only to traditional medicine, alternative medicine, or quackery, and some newer kinds under investigation. The original, unscientific form is "the immediate intramuscular or subcutaneous reinjection of freshly drawn autologous blood". It was used in the early 20th century, when some physicians believed that it had efficacy and logical mechanism of action; it was abandoned later as advancing science made clear that it lacked those.A Systematic Review of Autohemotherapy as a Treatment for Urticaria and Eczema / Devon D. Brewer, Cureus 6(12): e233. doi:10.7759/cureus.233 The other forms involve some change to the blood before it is reinjected, typically oxygenation, ozonation (ozonated autohemotherapy), ultraviolet light exposure, or centrifugation.

A similar process occurred in other countries of Europe around the same time, for example with the marketing of Eau de Cologne as a cure-all medicine by Johann Maria Farina and his imitators. Patent medicines often contained alcohol or opium, which, while presumably not curing the diseases for which they were sold as a remedy, did make the imbibers feel better and confusedly appreciative of the product. The number of internationally marketed quack medicines increased in the later 18th century; the majority of them originated in Britain and were exported throughout the British Empire. By 1830, British parliamentary records list over 1,300 different "proprietary medicines," the majority of which were "quack" cures by modern standards. A Dutch organisation that opposes quackery, ' (VtdK) was founded in 1881, making it the oldest organisation of this kind in the world.

Bircher-Benner eventually adopted a vegetarian diet, but took that further and decided that raw food was what humans were really meant to eat; he was influenced by Charles Darwin's ideas that humans were just another kind of animal and Bircher-Benner noted that other animals do not cook their food. In 1904 he opened a sanatorium in the mountains outside of Zurich called "Lebendinge Kraft" or "Vital Force," a technical term in the Lebensreform movement that referred especially to sunlight; he and others believed that this energy was more "concentrated" in plants than in meat, and was diminished by cooking. Patients in the clinic were fed raw foods, including muesli, which was created there. These ideas were influential to Ann Wigmore a notable raw food advocate but were dismissed by scientists and the medical profession as quackery.

Professionalization in medicine would help to further relegate the importance of midwives in Spain. Further attempts to dislodge midwives from the birthing process included accusing them of witchcraft and quackery, trying to make them appear unscientific. This was all part of a medical and eugenic science driven effort to reduce the number of abortions in Spain. For women who had abortions in the 1940s, they did not appear to do so out of any conscious effort to subvert the regime's ideological position around the role of women; rather, these women were trying to protect themselves, their families and their economic well-being by taking the only step available to them in the face of an unwanted pregnancy. With the Código Penal de 1963, a new penal code was established in Spain, but the abortion laws were for the most part repeated verbatim from the 1941 version.

In the early 1970s, Pepper chaired the Joint House–Senate Committee on Crime; then, in 1977, he became chair of the new House Select Committee on Aging, which became his base as he emerged as the nation's foremost spokesman for the elderly, especially regarding Social Security programs. He succeeded in strengthening Medicare. In 1980 the committee under Pepper's leadership initiated what became a four-year investigation into health care scams that preyed on older people; the report, published in 1984 and commonly called "The Pepper Report", was entitled "Quackery, a $10 Billion Scandal". Lay summary: In the 1980s he worked with Alan Greenspan in a major reform of the Social Security system that maintained its solvency by slowly raising the retirement age, thus cutting benefits for workers retiring in their mid-60s, and in 1986 he obtained the passage of a federal law that abolished most mandatory retirement ages.

Numerous clubs, societies, hospitals, dispensaries, and charitable institutions in the United Kingdom and North America benefited from Lettsom's patronage, while from his pen there flowed a stream of "Hints", pamphlets, diatribes, and letters promoting Sunday schools, female industry, provision for the blind, a bee society, soup kitchens and the mangel-wurzel, and condemning quackery, card parties, and intemperance. In the diversity of his interests, as physician, philanthropist, botanist, mineralogist and collector, Lettsom was in the mould of that giant of the previous generation of London physicians, Sir Hans Sloane. As founder, President (1775–76, 1784–85, 1808–11, 1813–15) and benefactor of the London Medical Society, Lettsom was the mainstay of the society from 1773 until his death in 1815. His influence remained strong and his example inspired the next generation of Fellows—men such as Dr Thomas Pettigrew, his biographer, and Dr Henry Clutterbuck, who followed in Lettsom's footsteps as President of the Society and physician to the General Dispensary.

Wilby 2005. pp. 185-198. Learned magicians of the period who practiced "high magic" have been recognized as having mystical experiences, so Wilby provides some reasons that scholars may have treated common magic practitioners differently: these practitioners were illiterate and therefore never recorded their experiences, they were intimidated by crowded courtrooms during witch trials, they sometimes used methods of deception that our culture would term quackery, they didn't conform to today's preconceptions of mysticism that we inherited from Christianity, and there was a large gulf between the way they experienced the world versus scholars of today—the last point being elucidated by Ananda Coomaraswamy's claim that our society suffers from "imaginal illiteracy" which prevents our mind from forming images in the same was as illiterate peoples.Wilby 2005. pp. 199-217. Wilby draws parallels between the cunning folk and witches to Christian contemplatives whose status as mystics is taken as historical fact, including Margery Kempe, Walter Hilton, Teresa of Ávila, Bridget of Sweden, Hadewijch, and Christina Ebner.

In 1973, Griffin wrote and self-published the book World Without Cancer and released it as a video; its second edition appeared in 1997. In the book and the video, Griffin asserts that cancer is a metabolic disease like a vitamin deficiency facilitated by the insufficient dietary consumption of amygdalin. He contends that "eliminating cancer through a nondrug therapy has not been accepted because of the hidden economic and power agendas of those who dominate the medical establishment" and he wrote, "at the very top of the world's economic and political pyramid of power there is a grouping of financial, political, and industrial interests that, by the very nature of their goals, are the natural enemies of the nutritional approaches to health." Since the 1970s, the use of laetrile (a semi-synthetic version of amygdalin) to treat cancer has been identified in the scientific literature as a canonical example of quackery and has never been shown to be effective in the treatment or prevention of cancer.

The chiropractic oath is a modern variation of the classical Hippocratic Oath historically taken by physicians and other healthcare professionals swearing to practice their professions ethically. The American Chiropractic Association (ACA) has an ethical code "based upon the acknowledgement that the social contract dictates the profession's responsibilities to the patient, the public, and the profession; and upholds the fundamental principle that the paramount purpose of the chiropractic doctor's professional services shall be to benefit the patient." The International Chiropractor's Association (ICA) also has a set of professional canons. A 2008 commentary proposed that the chiropractic profession actively regulate itself to combat abuse, fraud, and quackery, which are more prevalent in chiropractic than in other health care professions, violating the social contract between patients and physicians. According to a 2015 Gallup poll of U.S. adults, the perception of chiropractors is generally favorable; two- thirds of American adults agree that chiropractors have their patient's best interest in mind and more than half also agree that most chiropractors are trustworthy.

In 2005, Guerrero was sanctioned by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission for falsely presenting himself as a doctor and claiming to be able to cure cancer, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, and Parkinson's disease using a dietary supplement called "Supreme Greens". He had made these claims in infomercials on the channels Paramount Network and We TV. He claimed to have conducted extensive scientific studies of the benefits of his program with 200 patients that had been diagnosed as terminally ill before his treatments, but he later admitted that no such studies existed. The FTC fined him and barred him for life from ever again presenting himself as a doctor or from ever again marketing Supreme Greens or any substantially similar product as an effective treatment for any disease. Barrie Cassileth, Ph.D., the founder of the Integrative Medicine Service at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, who helped in the FTC investigation, referred to his practices as "just out and out quackery".

Bangkok: Thai Khadi Research Institute, Thammasat University, 1986 from pre-history indigenous regional practices with a strong animistic foundation, animistic traditions of the Mon and Khmer peoples who occupied the region prior to the migration of the T'ai peoples, T'ai medicine and animistic knowledge, Indian medical knowledge (arriving pre-Ayurveda) coming through the Khmer peoples, Buddhist medical knowledge via the Mon peoples, and Chinese medical knowledge (arriving pre- TCM) with the migration of the T'ais who came largely from southern China. In the early-1900s, traditional medicine was "outlawed as quackery" in favor of Western medicine, however by the mid-1990s traditional medicine was once again being supported by the Thai government. The Seventh National Economic and Social Plan for 1992-1996 stated that "[t]he promotion of people's health entails the efforts to develop traditional wisdom in health care, including Thai traditional medicine, herbal medicine, and traditional massage, so as to integrate it into the modern health service system." In 1993 the government of Thailand created the National Institute of Thai Traditional Medicine, under the supervision of the Ministry of Public Health.

He described how he had hurt his shoulder in sport at Oxford, had tried various ways of remedying it, had read Alexander's books and realised that a problem was that people who used their muscles in the wrong way could come to regard that use as the right way. He went to London, saw Alexander, became of student and later a qualified teacher of the method. He had seen for himself in St Thomas' Hospital in London how the technique could help in the treatment of bad muscular co-ordination or misuse, and quoted supporting text from recognised publications such as The Lancet, the British Medical Journal and the American Medical Association's Journal. Mr Pirow, for the defence, proposed that his case was that the article (by Jokl and others) represented an evaluation of Alexander's four books, which claimed to set out the technique and its philosophy, and contained not only mainly testimonials and sales talk advertising the technique, but in regard to his alleged discoveries of conscious and/or primary control, claims and statements representing dangerous quackery.

There is no scientific evidence for the validity of live blood analysis, it has been described as a pseudoscientific, bogus and fraudulent medical test, and its practice has been dismissed by the medical profession as quackery. The field of live blood microscopy is unregulated, there is no training requirement for practitioners and no recognised qualification, no recognised medical validity to the results, and proponents have made false claims about both medical blood pathology testing and their own services, which some have refused to amend when instructed by the Advertising Standards Authority. It has its origins in the now-discarded theories of pleomorphism promoted by Günther Enderlein, notably in his 1925 book Bakterien-Cyklogenie. In January 2014 prominent live blood proponent and teacher Robert O. Young was arrested and charged for practising medicine without a license, and in March 2014 Errol Denton, a former student of his, a UK live blood practitioner, was convicted on nine counts in a rare prosecution under the Cancer Act 1939, followed in May 2014 by another former student, Stephen Ferguson.

Each remedy was tested thoroughly, the preface stated: "Of the accuracy of the analytical data there can be no question; the investigation has been carried out with great care by a skilled analytical chemist." The book did lead to the end of some of the quack cures, but some survived the book by several decades. For example, Beecham's Pills, which according to the British Medical Association contained in 1909 only aloes, ginger and soap, but claimed to cure 31 medical conditions, were sold until 1998. British patent medicines lost their dominance in the United States when they were denied access to the Thirteen Colonies markets during the American Revolution, and lost further ground for the same reason during the War of 1812. From the early 19th century "home- grown" American brands started to fill the gap, reaching their peak in the years after the American Civil War. British medicines never regained their previous dominance in North America, and the subsequent era of mass marketing of American patent medicines is usually considered to have been a "golden age" of quackery in the United States.

BDORT as illustrated in patent 5188107 The Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (BDORT), characterized as a form of applied kinesiology,Medical Practitioner's Disciplinary Tribunal of New Zealand characterization of BDORT as a form of Applied Kinesiology, paragraphs 305, 306, et alia is a patented alternative medicine diagnostic procedure in which a patient forms an 'O' with his or her fingers, and the diagnostician subjectively evaluates the patient's health according to the patient's finger strength as the diagnostician tries to pry them apart.Medical Practitioner's Disciplinary Tribunal of New Zealand characterization of BDORT as subjective, paragraphs 61, 318, 331 et alia BDORT has been cited and characterized at length by the American Institute for Technology and Science Education as a specific and noteworthy example of pseudoscientific quackery. BDORT was invented by Yoshiaki Omura, along with several other related alternative medicine techniques. They are featured in Omura's self-published Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research, The International Journal, of which Omura is founder and editor-in-chief, as well as in seminars presented by Omura and his colleagues.

Paul Berg, a Nobel laureate in chemistry, wrote to the Senate that "Quackery will always prey on the gullible and uninformed, but we should not provide it with cover from the NIH," and called the office "an embarrassment to serious scientists." Allen Bromley, then-president of the American Physical Society, similarly wrote to Congress that the OAM had "emerged as an undiscriminating advocate of unconventional medicine. It has bestowed the considerable prestige of the NIH on a variety of highly dubious practices, some of which clearly violate basic laws of physics and more clearly resemble witchcraft.""Office Of Alternative Medicine Gets Unexpected Boost", Paul Smaglik, The Scientist, 11-10-1997, One opinion writer in The New York Times described the OAM as "Tom Harkin's folly". In 1995, Wayne Jonas, a promoter of homeopathy and political ally of Senator Harkin, became the director of the OAM, and continued in that role until 1999.National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), Skeptics Dictionary, In 1997, the NCCAM budget was increased from $12 million to $20 million annually. From 1990 to 1997, use of alternative medicine in the US increased by 25%, with a corresponding 50% increase in expenditures.

Jacobs' insistence on rigorous scientific methodology caused friction with Senator Harkin. Harkin criticized the "unbendable rules of randomized clinical trials" and, citing his use of bee pollen to treat his allergies, stated: "It is not necessary for the scientific community to understand the process before the American public can benefit from these therapies." Increasing political resistance to the use of scientific methodology was publicly criticized by Dr. Jacobs and another OAM board member complained that “nonsense has trickled down to every aspect of this office”. In 1994, Senator Harkin responded by appearing on television with cancer patients who blamed Dr. Jacobs for blocking their access to untested cancer treatment, leading Jacobs to resign in frustration. The OAM drew increasing criticism from eminent members of the scientific community, from a Nobel laureate criticizing the degrading parts of the NIH to the level a cover for quackery, and the president of the American Physical Society criticizing spending on testing practices that “violate basic laws of physics and more clearly resemble witchcraft”. In 1998, the President of the North Carolina Medical Association publicly called for shutting down the OAM.