The book appeared that year following his death. Research papers written by Gannushkin and his followers represent a landmark in the theory of psychopathies in Russia. Among Russian psychiatrists, it was Gannushkin who developed the most accurate definition of various psychopathies (personality disorders).Эдельштейн А. О. Памяти учителя // Памяти Петра Борисовича Ганнушкина: Труды психиатрической клиники 1-го Московского медицинского института.
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In 1933 Russian psychiatrist Pyotr Borisovich Gannushkin published his book Manifestations of Psychopathies: Statics, Dynamics, Systematic Aspects, which was one of the first attempts to develop a detailed typology of psychopathies. Regarding maladaptation, ubiquity, and stability as the three main symptoms of behavioral pathology, he distinguished nine clusters of psychopaths: cycloids (including constitutionally depressive, constitutionally excitable, cyclothymics, and emotionally labile), asthenics (including psychasthenics), schizoids (including dreamers), paranoiacs (including fanatics), epileptoids, hysterical personalities (including pathological liars), unstable psychopaths, antisocial psychopaths, and constitutionally stupid.Ганнушкин П. Б. (2000). Клиника психопатий, их статика, динамика, систематика.
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Pyotr Borisovich Gannushkin (; March 8, 1875 – February 23, 1933) was a Russian psychiatrist who developed one of the first theories of psychopathies known today as personality disorders.Ганнушкин П. Б. (2000). Клиника психопатий, их статика, динамика, систематика. Издательство Нижегородской государственной медицинской академии. .
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Korsakoff's assistant Sergei Sukhanov was willing to help young physicians, fostering them in word and in deed. Sukhanov was a proponent of the nosological approach. He demonstrated a remarkable power of observation. Borderline psychiatry, especially psychopathies and psychogenies, was among his main research interests.
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Psychopathia Sexualis (Latin for Psychopathies of Sexuality) is a book written in 1844 by the Russian physician Heinrich Kaan. In this work, Kaan transformed and reinterpreted the Christian sexual sins (homosexuality, masturbation etc.) as mental diseases. An English translation appeared in 2016.Heinrich Kaan's "Psychopathia sexualis" (1844).
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Benjamin Kahan trans. Melissa Haynes A direct translation of the title is Psychopathies of Sexuality. In this work he reinterpreted the Christian sexual sins as diseases of the mind. Until then, concepts like deviation, aberration, and perversion were interpreted in a theological context as "false" religious beliefs or heresy.
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To Kaan, masturbation was at the root of all sexual disorders, deviations and unnatural lusts as it involved extravagant fantasies. He also considered heterosexual intercourse as psychopathological, if it comprised sexual fantasies.Weiss 2007, p129, 05_TEIL2-4.pdf His main goal was to fight such sexual psychopathies, above all masturbation.
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Remembering her husband, Sophia Gannushkina said, "Once he decided to do something, he grew fearless." Throughout his life, Gannushkin believed that psychiatry and our life in society are closely connected. To him a psychiatrist was primarily a community worker. That is why, perhaps, he made psychopathies his main research subject.
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While Gannushkin was finishing his seminal work on the Manifestations of psychopathies: their statics, dynamics and systematic aspects (), his health quickly deteriorated. After long hesitation he agreed to undergo the proposed operation. The best Russian surgeons and physicians tried to save him, but he died on 23 February 1933. Before his death he managed to read his monograph after proofreading and approve it for publication.
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This work provided more detail on what he intended to be a morally non-judgemental concept of individuals with various mental dysfunctions. Such conditions might have been otherwise labeled at the time as forms of moral insanity. Psychopathic inferiority was differentiated from other forms of psychopathology such as insanity with delusions or hallucinations, or gross intellectual deficit ('idiocy'). He divided the psychopathies into congenital and acquired forms, and each of those categories into forms of increasing severity.
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