She sought to identify other gifted children for further study. According to The New York Times, Mrs. Stoner devised six classes of people. In ascending order of value they were idiots; destructionists; morons; hypermorons (in which class she put most people); geniuses (who were creative); and progressionists (who could get things done in business and related fields).
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During this period the party published its own press media Hromada's Thought which was a predecessor of the newspaper Rada. With early dissolution of the Second State Duma and the growing Russian nationalism on the Ukrainian territory (see Pogroms), the party reorganized into the Society of Ukrainian Progressionists (TUP) together with some members of the Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party.
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Polish and Russian forces”, 1920. With the collapse of the Russian Empire a political entity which encompassed political, community, cultural, and professional organizations was established in Kyiv from the initiative from the Association of the Ukrainian Progressionists (abbr. TUP). This entity was called the "Tsentralna Rada" (Central Council) and was headed by the historian, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi. On January 22, 1918, the Tsentralna Rada declared Ukraine an independent country.
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Political activity started during student years becoming the member of the Ukrainian Universal non-Party Democratic Organization. In 1904 became co-founder of the Ukrainian Radical Party, which in 1905 out of his initiative united together with the Ukrainian Democratic Party and establishing the Ukrainian Democratic Radical Party. In 1905 became the leader of the Ukrainian Social Union (USU) Peasant Union. In 1908 became the co-founder of the Society of Ukrainian Progressionists.
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That forced him to go into intense writing. At that time he was preparing the Ukrainian dictionary, wrote a book about Kotliarevsky's work (1898), and its own poetry collections such as Khutorni Sonety (Farmstead sonnets, 1899) and Steppovi Motyvy (Steppe Motifs, 1900). He also was publishing various articles in the newspaper Kievskaya Starina. Upon returning to Kiev, he became the leader of the Hromada society and worked closely with the Society of Ukrainian Progressionists.
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The most influential hromada, however, appeared in Kyiv, members of which were Volodymyr Antonovych, Mykhailo Drahomanov, Mykola Lysenko, Pavlo Chubynsky, and many others. Alternatively called the Old Hromada, Hromada of Kyiv played a key role in appearance of numerous Ukrainian political and cultural organizations in the Ukrainian guberniyas of the Russian Empire such as the Society of Ukrainian Progressionists, Revolutionary Ukrainian Party, Prosvita (Enlightment), and others. Some powerful hromadas existed in Odessa, Kharkiv, Chernihiv, Poltava and elsewhere.
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Having lost his father at the age of eighteen, Maggid learned the calling of a lapidary, but not content with cutting epitaphs on tombstones and monuments, he occasionally composed inscriptions. He early joined the Progressionists of Vilna, among whom were Samuel Joseph Fuenn, Lebensohn, and M. A. Günzburg. He indulged his taste for general literature and published various articles and bibliographical papers in the current Hebrew periodicals. Among these may be noted his biography of David Oppenheim, rabbi of Prague (in "Gan Peraḥim", 1882), and his notes on the history of the Jewish community of Lemberg (in "Anshe Shem", 1895).
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The Central Council was founded in Kiev on at the initiative of the Society of Ukrainian Progressionists and with the participation of various Ukrainian political parties, Ukrainian military activists, workers, religious activists, students, entrepreneurs, public and cultural organizations such as the Ukrainian Science Society, the Ukrainian Pedagogic Society, the Society of Ukrainian Technicians and Agriculturists, etc. Mykhailo Hrushevsky was elected as the Head of the Rada while Volodymyr Naumenko, Dmytro Doroshenko, and Dmytro Antonovych were appointed as his deputies. On March 22, 1917 the Rada published its first declaration - To the Ukrainian people - in support of the Russian Provisional Government. On 26 (13) March Mykhailo Hrushevsky returned to Kiev from exile.
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Teodor Shteingel, early twentieth century signature in Cyrillic, cursive Ambassadors of Turkey (Rifat Pasha) and Ukraine (Teodor Shteingel) at the funeral of Hermann von Eichhorn Teodor Shteingel (, , 9 December 1870, Saint Petersburg – 11 April 1946 Dresden) was a Ukrainian archaeologist and nationalist politician. After graduating from Kyiv University, he was active in Horodok, Rivne Oblast establishing various public bodies including a museum in 1902 where he deposited his archeological, historical, and ethnographic collections. In 1906 he was elected as deputy for Kiev to the First State Duma where he joined the Ukrainian caucus.. He became a member of the Society of Ukrainian Progressionists and vice-president of the Ukrainian Scientific Society. Following the February Revolution of 1917 he chaired the executive committee of the Kyiv City Duma, the forerunner of the Central Rada.
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After the Anglo-Chinese First Opium War (1839-1842), Wei Yuan advocated for China to learn “shipbuilding techniques and weapons production” from the west in order to subdue foreign invaders (“師夷長技以制夷”). He wrote about this idea in his book Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms (《海国图志》)in 1843. In the latter half of the 19th century (and early portion of the 20th century), there was heated debate in China about how the country could survive the threat from foreign powers and move towards modernity. As the Qing Dynasty moved closer to collapse, two general camps of thought emerged: Conservatives thinkers who rejected the utility of modern military methods, and the Progressionists who were eager to not only adopt Western technology but also Western political systems like parliamentary sovereignty.
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