With that, there goes your ability to easily mass produce crops.
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Crop inputs refer to products including seeds and fertilizer that farmers use to produce crops.
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Others, like Bowery and Plenty, also aim to use the latest technology to sustainably produce crops near cities.
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Pollinators can produce crops in a variety of ways — and sometimes, obviously, as nature intended, just by showing up.
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Following the passage of NAFTA in 1994, the bill was altered to push farmers to produce crops they can export.
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Median annual pay: $5803,2580Projected job growth through 22026: -211% These workers run the establishments that produce crops, livestock, and dairy products.
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Median annual pay: $69,620Projected job growth through 2026: -1% These workers run the establishments that produce crops, livestock, and dairy products.
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It can also produce crops with properties such as drought- and heat-resistance that will mitigate the effects of global warming.
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Other threats include consolidation among commodity buyers and changes in climate that are making it more difficult to produce crops, Buttigieg told reporters.
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With the help of modern science and GMOs, farmers now have the ability to produce crops that better withstand droughts and require fewer pesticides.
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Johny Kochery has 2000 hectares (22 acres) of farmland in Mayilattumpara, but for a time gave up trying to produce crops after repeated damage by elephants.
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His cattle can exist on the little grass that remains during dry times, but to produce crops without irrigation is risky -- so he decided against it.
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The ongoing trade war with China has been tough on American farmers and flooding across the Midwest this year has made it a challenge to produce crops.
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The round will be used to support the global rollout of Plenty's vertical indoor farms, which can produce crops at yields 530 times greater than that of a typical field.
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Ponce is head of the Uirapuru indigenous community which has allowed local farmers to produce crops on one-third of its 44,500-acre (18,000-hectare) reservation in southwestern Mato Grosso state.
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Using diverse methods, including conventional and organic production technologies, U.S. farmers and ranchers produce crops and livestock in many different terrains and climates while providing for a wide array of consumer preferences.
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Beyond preserving a wide range of species, the seeds within seed banks might also help plant breeders produce crops that are more resilient to emerging pests, diseases, and the effects of climate change.
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MOSCOW (Reuters) - The Russian government on Wednesday approved a draft bill allowing the country to produce crops used in medicinal narcotics, saying this would reduce its dependence on foreign states that have imposed sanctions against it.
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Controversy abounds over the use of genetically modified seeds that produce crops like soy, corn, canola, alfalfa, cotton and sorghum that are resistant to a widely used herbicide, glyphosate, the health effects of which are still unclear.
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Eventually Walmart, which is courting more urban, higher income and health conscious shoppers for their online grocery business, could require suppliers to buy food from farmers who use agricultural technology to reduce chemicals to produce crops, he said.
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"This demonstrates how we can produce crops in new ways, without having to tear up the land as much or add excessive fertilizer that runs off into rivers and streams," plant biologist Zach Lippman of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory said in a statement.
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Thinking ahead, I hoe the slither of soil in my garden, ready to nourish with composted food waste—an important piece of prep, since (good news!) experts believe we have less than 60 harvests left before the world's soil is too exhausted to produce crops.
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Farmers in the Midwest who produce crops like corn, soybeans, and wheat were among the first to abandon their support for open immigration in the late nineteenth century, after new technology such as plows and combines enabled them to tend their fields with fewer workers.
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Very few farmers have borewells in their farm and produce crops three times a year (kuruvai, taladi and kodai).
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Mao Zedong's policy of self-reliance was relaxed, and his dictum "grow grain everywhere" was abandoned. Farm households began to produce crops and animals best suited for their natural conditions.
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Rangwasa farmers produce crops of potato, onion and soybean in a year. Two famous temples 'Umiya Dham' and 'Surya Mandir' are located near to this village. Rangwasa hosts a mela (fair) celebrating the garba, a traditional dance form performed after Navratri .
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The economy of Columbus County centers on agriculture and manufacturing. Columbus farmers produce crops such as pecans and peanuts, along with soybeans, potatoes, and corn. Cattle, poultry, and catfish are other agricultural products in the county. Factories in the region produce textiles, tools, and plywood.
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The goal is to produce crops for sale in supermarket chains in South Africa once the farm is sustainable and crops are of good standard. A number of new cottages will be built on the farm to accommodate more mothers and their children in need of Nkosi's Haven's assistance.
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One of the types of Abiotic Stress is cold. This has a huge impact on farmers. Cold impacts crop growers all over the world in every single country. Yields suffer and farmers also suffer huge losses because the weather is just too cold to produce crops (Xiong & Zhu, 2001).
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Colonia Dublán is currently a very small town located just north of Nuevo Casas Grandes. Most of the remaining colonizers engage in agriculture and produce crops such as peaches, apples, pecans and chile. There is also significant production of wheat and cattle. Most members of the Mormon community are now of Mexican descent.
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Glacier’s provides information to farmers regarding technology and techniques to produce crops and rear livestock. The division is called Glacier FarmMedia. It includes publications such as The Western Producer, Manitoba Co-operator, Grainews, Alberta Farmer Express, Canadian Cattlemen and Le Bulletin des agriculteurs. Daily futures market data and commentary is also provided.
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North Bengal Sugar Mills in Gopalpur is one of the largest sugar mills in Bangladesh, and produce huge amount of sugar from sugarcane. Farmers also produce huge amounts of date juice in winter and make candy from its remains. Later it is sold to other parts of Bangladesh. Farmers also produce crops for their daily livelihoods.
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Vertical farming has the ability to produce crops all year round in a controlled environment, with the possibility of increased yield by adjusting the amount of carbon and nutrients the plants receive (Benke et al).Benke, Kurt and Bruce Tomkins. 2017. "Future Food-Production Systems: Vertical Farming and Controlled- Environment Agriculture." Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy 13 (1): 13-26.
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Many of the new settlers were from Russia. By May 1906 the new settlers had cleared an average of each and had begun to produce crops of corn and vegetables and to cut cord wood. With the money from these crops the settlers were able to begin payment of interest owed to the society. Rich made frequent trips to Arpin.
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The fungi form globose woody galls on their host trees, though they do not appear to spread through them. They are perennial and produce crops of fruit bodies annually. Said to resemble bunches of grapes, the fruit bodies appear in clusters in late spring and summer (November to January). Globular or pear-shaped, these can reach 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter.
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But the UFW was not the only union to see the end of the Delano grape strike as an opportunity. Six thousand drivers and packing workers in the Salinas Valley in California, represented by the Teamsters, struck on July 17, 1970 effectively preventing most of the nation's summer lettuce crop from reaching consumers."Strike By Teamsters Hits Produce Crops." Los Angeles Times. July 18, 1970.
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Though Hongi Hika encouraged the first missions to New Zealand, virtually no Māori converted to Christianity for a decade; large scale conversion of northern Māori only occurred after his death. While in Australia Hongi Hika studied European military and agricultural techniques and purchased muskets and ammunition. From 1818 he introduced European agricultural implements and the potato, using slave labour to produce crops for trade.
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Within the past century, farmers have been increasing their production to meet high demand. To increase output and efficiency, farmers have increased the amount of fertilizers used, including nitrates. Because only a fraction of the nitrogen in fertilizers is efficiently used to help produce crops, this has led to a greater concentration of nitrates and phosphates in the waters, causing eutrophication and contamination of possible drinking water.
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Water is essential to the popular occupation of agriculture in India. Farmers are unable to produce crops in the absence of water. The drought in 2019 even destroyed the supplementary crops in addition to the winter crops. The scarcity of water has rendered a lot of valuable farmland in India completely useless and much of the farming industry in these regions has ceased to operate.
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Ahupuaʻa means "pig altar", and was named for stone altars with pig head carvings that marked the boundaries of each Hawaiian land division. Ideally, an ahupuaʻa has all the necessities within its borders. From the mountains, materials such as wood are provided for thatching roofs and twining rope. The uplands produce crops like sugar cane and sweet potatoes, while the lowlands provide taro and fish.
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The village of Yahinovo is in a very rural location. Many of the residents are owners of large lots of land within the village which are primarily used for farming in order to produce crops or to move livestock to graze during the day. It is common for residents to own animals such as cows, chickens, and goats in order produce milk and eggs.
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Alfonso V of Aragon by Juan de Juanes. The siege of Krujë in 1450 resulted in heavy loss for both Murad II and the League of Lezhë. A large portion of the Albanian land was wasted from the long campaign where the Turkish forces had been stationed for more than half a year. The country was left with few resources to produce crops and a large famine was the result.
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Money stands alone as a non-vendible substance which is degraded from its natural end by selling. Another argument used by Aquinas was that of the Roman distinction between consumable goods and non-consumable goods. Food and clothes are consumable in that once they are used, they are gone. A piece of land is non-consumable since it can produce crops for years, yet never lose its value.
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FoxFibre is the patented name of Fox's various breeds of naturally colored, organically grown cotton. Different colors available for textile industries, including Redwood, Coyote, New Green, and Buffalo. Fox herself weeded, maintained, and grew cotton, each year harvesting and breeding only the best in color and in fiber. Fox even crossbred her brown cotton with traditional white cotton so as to produce crops with longer, stronger fibers for threading.
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Traditional farming's arable land requirements are too large and invasive to remain sustainable for future generations. With the ever-so- rapid population growth rates, it is expected that arable land per person will drop about 66% in 2050 in comparison to 1970. Vertical farming allows for, in some cases, over ten times the crop yield per acre than traditional methods. Unlike traditional farming in non-tropical areas, indoor farming can produce crops year-round.
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Government further developed agriculture through technology and lower taxation. Complex irrigation systems built by government allowed peasant farmers to produce larger crop volumes and produce crops not only for sustenance but also as cash crops. Reduced taxation of the peasantry also furthered the expanded commerce through increasing periodic markets, usually held every five days. One thousand such markets existed in the 19th century, and were communal centers for economic trade and entertainment.
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They produced guaranteed surpluses of their crop every year if they could. Subsistence peasants were also increasingly forced to commercialize their activities because of increasing taxes. Taxes that had to be paid to central governments in money forced the peasants to produce crops to sell. Sometimes they produced industrial crops, but they would find ways to increase their production in order to meet both their subsistence requirements as well as their tax obligations.
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Land used for agriculture can be used for urbanization or lost to desertification, salinization, and soil erosion due to unsustainable agricultural practices. Crop production is not required for a country to achieve food security. Nations don't have to have the natural resources required to produce crops in order to achieve food security, as seen in the examples of JapanFood self-sufficiency rate fell below 40% in 2010, Japan Times, Aug. 12, 2011 and Singapore.
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The area where the zoo is located was covered with pine and oak forests when European settlers began arriving in the 1800s. Intensive lumbering soon cleared most of the land and residents began planting crops. Once the forests were gone, there were no leaves or logs left to decompose and replenish the sandy soil and the soil was no longer able to produce crops. In the late 1800s, Brown County acquired the area that makes up the Reforestation Camp.
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Agricultural biotechnology has been used to improve the nutritional content of a variety of crops in an effort to meet the needs of an increasing population. Genetic engineering can produce crops with a higher concentration of vitamins. For example, golden rice contains three genes that allow plants to produce compounds that are converted to vitamin A in the human body. This nutritionally improved rice is designed to combat the world's leading cause of blindness—vitamin A deficiency.
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Land sparing is another way that producer and conservationist can be on the same page. Land sparing advocates for the land that is being used for agricultural purposes to continue to produce crops at increased yield. With an increase in yield on all land that is in use, other land can be set aside for conservation and production for biodiversity. Agricultural land stays in production but would have to increase its yield potential to keep up with demand.
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Large-scale farms like the Lolkisale bean farms were established in Tarangire to produce crops for export as well as for national reserves during droughts and food shortage. Human population increased in Tarangire area due both to natural increase and immigration of agriculturists from nearby regions of Kilimanjaro and Arusha. This displaced Maasai pastoralists and wildlife from the best rangelands into more marginal areas. In 1970, the Tarangire Game Reserve was upgraded to become Tarangire National Park.
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The Tongue River basin is prime livestock country. Limited farm lands that exist along flowing streams in the basin are usually irrigated from diversion dams, and produce crops which support the livestock industry—hay and feed stocks (corn, barley, alfalfa). Dry land wheat farming, which is prevalent elsewhere in eastern Montana, occurs only in limited and scattered acreages in the Tongue River basin. Cattle represent the great bulk of the total livestock production from the Tongue River basin with sheep a distant second.
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Painted as a pair of six folding screens, Farming in the Four Seasons depicts rural customs in Japan, representing Morikage’s sympathy for the agricultural industry. Peasants are illustrated to be working in the fields to produce crops over the span of four seasons, Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter. However, the order of the seasons are reversed, showcasing Morikage’s art style as a personal touch on a classical subject and reveals a vision that set Morikage apart from other artists of his time.
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An infected olive grove in Italy in 2019 Olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) (in Italian: Complesso da Disseccamento Rapido dell'Olivo, CDRO or CoDiRo) is a wasting disease of olive trees which causes dieback of the leaves, twigs and branches so that the trees no longer produce crops of olives. The main cause is a strain of the bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa, which is spread by plant- sucking insects such as the meadow froghopper. The bacteria restrict the flow of sap within the tree and so choke its extremities.
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GMO OMG outlines two types of GMOs used in farming, pesticide producers and herbicide resisters. Pesticide producers are plants that can kill insects with an introduced toxin while herbicide resisters are immune to weed killer which allows farmers to use herbicides on crops leaving the plant unharmed. Seifert claims that commercial farmers utilize GMOs to produce crops faster for more profit while private owned farms continue to use traditional farming methods because of their dedication to maintaining the most natural process of growing food.
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This 1670 painting shows enslaved Africans working in the tobacco sheds of a colonial tobacco plantation Tobacco played a huge role in the development of the early Chesapeake Colonies. With the early tobacco boom in Virginia and the expansion of trade with England, the value of tobacco soared and provided an incentive for a large influx of colonists. In Virginia, the rough climate made it difficult for the colonists to produce crops that were necessary for survival. Due to this difficulty, the colonists lacked a source of income and food.
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The acreage between Tigris and Euphrates has produced half of Syria's annual wheat crop and a third of Iraq's. It is able to produce crops worth possibly US$200 million per year if properly managed, and the UN Food and Agricultural Organization believes that 40% of Iraq's wheat-producing land is under ISIL control."Financing of the Terrorist Organisation Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)," 15. It is believed that ISIL confiscates wheat and barley crops as zakat, as well as farming equipment that is then rented back to farmers.
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Warud-Morshi tehsil is known as the California of Vidarbha because of largest production of oranges, in which Shendurjana Ghat contributes more than 30% of production. Every year millions of tonnes of oranges are exported from this town to different Indian states and Asian countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, etc. Farmers here also produce crops and vegetables like cotton, red gram, peas, green gram, soybeans, beans, brinjals, tomatoes, etc. Previously Shendurjana Ghat town was known for its larger production and market of green chillies, red chillies and turmeric tubers.
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Among the many promising applications of endophytic microbes are those intended to increase agricultural use of endophytes to produce crops that grow faster and are more resistant and hardier than crops lacking endophytes. Epichloë endophytes are being widely used commercially in turf grasses to enhance the performance of the turf and its resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Piriformospora indica is an interesting endophytic fungus of the order Sebacinales, the fungus is capable of colonising roots and forming symbiotic relationship with many plants. Endophytes appear to enhance the growth of their plant host symbionts.
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The Anasazi (ancestral puebloans) of this area were a sedentary group that largely based their subsistence on agriculture. Their primary crop at the sites within Navajo National Monument was maize, with beans and cucurbits also being incorporated into their diet. While the people of the Tsegi Canyon system relied heavily on agriculture for their food, they also hunted wild game that was indigenous to the area. It is thought that these Anasazi people lived in these cave dwellings to optimize the amount of sustainable land to produce crops.
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The Tosefta interpreted to allude to produce yields of Bethel and Jericho. The Tosefta interpreted "Benjamin is a wolf that pounces" to mean that the land of Benjamin, the area of Bethel, jumped to produce crops early in the growing season. The Tosefta interpreted "in the morning he devours the prey" to mean that in Jericho produce was gone from the fields early in the seventh year. And the Tosefta interpreted "and in the evening he divides the spoil" to mean that in Bethel produce remained in the fields until late in the seventh year.
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The Fullerton Dam is a ruined dam located northwest of Olustee, in Jackson County, Oklahoma. Farmer William J. Fullerton built the dam across Turkey Creek in the mid-1890s to irrigate the vegetable crops on his farm. As western Oklahoma was a dry region, farmers depended on a regular water supply to produce crops, making Fullerton's dam an important innovation. The dam was the first gravity flow dam built by a European settler in western Oklahoma, and Fullerton became a successful regional farmer due to his effective irrigation system.
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Some advocate Fair Trade rules to ensure that poor farmers in developing nations that produce crops primarily for export are not exploited or negatively impacted by trade policies, practices, tariffs, and agreements which benefit one competitor at the expense of another - which advocates consider a dangerous "race to the bottom" in agricultural labor and safety standards. Opponents point out that most agriculture in developed nations is produced by industrial corporations (agribusiness) which are hardly deserving of sympathy, and that the alternative to exploitation is poverty. Fair trade steak? Much of what developing countries export to the rich world, also comes from industrial corporations.
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A document "from 1720 describes the Jesuits as owning sixteen to eighteen slaves, 'Negroes and Savages .'" After an unsuccessful attempt at lead mining, Renault founded St. Philippe, Illinois, in 1723, and used his enslaved people for agricultural purposes to produce crops. The institution of slavery continued after Britain acquired the eastern Illinois Country in 1763 following the French and Indian War. At the time, nine hundred slaves lived in the territory, although some of the French would take at least three hundred with them as they left the future state of Illinois for lands west of the Mississippi River (in future Missouri).
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The other major strategy is to produce crops that are worth more (i.e. tobacco and coffee), and to use the cash produced from selling/trading to buy more buildings that also give new abilities. Expensive buildings can give a player many victory points, but fewer goods are likely to be shipped to the homeland, and so the VPs from exports can be expected to be low. In filling all their building spaces, a player can cause the game to end relatively quickly, before players using the 'shipping strategy' can capitalise on their investment in buildings and crops that increase shipment VPs.
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The Turu also rely heavily on grain production for the purposes of acquiring cattle, which is a very important commodity to the Turu. They primarily produce crops like uwele, maize and matama and The Turu rely on wives in the community to harvest crops and they are huge component of the Turu economy, as such bride wealth via cattle is often arranged in order to obtain a bride. Nyamwezi people are a tribe who's ancestral home are in certain parts of Singida. This tribe survives off of cereal agriculture producing primarily crops like sorghum, millet, and rice.
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Farmers in the area produce crops such as barley, canola, flax, oats, peas, sunflowers, durum and Hard Red Spring Wheat. There have been substantial oil wells in the area and thus oil-related businesses, including drilling, service and distribution businesses. Some of the businesses in the town include an implement dealership, SunPrairie Grain (a division of CHS Incorporated), Savage Industries, and government-related buildings and businesses. The town's main street includes a gas station, a service station, a handful of crop and property insurance agencies, Dacotah Bank, The Newly Remodeled Historic Bowbells Hotel and North Dakota Wine Kitchen.
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Just as vital and arguably more important to the complex were the many structures built for the processing and storage of crops, food preparation and storage, sheltering equipment and animals, and various other domestic and agricultural purposes. The value of the plantation came from its land and the enslaved people who toiled on it to produce crops for sale. These same people produced the built environment: the main house for the plantation owner, the slave cabins, barns, and other structures of the complex. 1862 photograph of the slave quarter at Smiths Plantation in Port Royal, South Carolina.
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View of al-Qa'im, 2009 Al-Qa'im () is an Iraqi town located nearly 400 km northwest of Baghdad near the Syrian border and situated along the Euphrates River, and located in the Al Anbar Governorate. It has a population of about 74,100 and it's the center of the Al-Qa'im District. The river water at Al- Qa'im carries less salt and mineral, so that it takes significantly less water to sustainably produce crops here than farther downstream, where more gallons of water must be used to avoid salinity. The Al-Qa'im border crossing connects Al-Qaim to close city Abu Kamal in Syria.
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The issue of agricultural development is a significant driving factor, within the larger umbrella of development, in target governments' agreement to investment by outsiders. The Ethiopian government's acceptance of cash crop-based land acquisitions reflects its belief that switching to cash crop production would be even more beneficial for food security than having local farmers produce crops by themselves. Implicit in the characterization of African agriculture as "underdeveloped" is the rejection of local communities' traditional methods of harvesting as an inadequate form of food production. On a smaller scale, some deals can be traced to a personal stake in the project or possibly due to corruption or rent-seeking.
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With the invention of agriculture, humans were able to clear sections of rainforest to produce crops, converting it to open farmland. Such people, however, obtain their food primarily from farm plots cleared from the forestWalker, Philip L.; Sugiyama, Larry and Chacon, Richard (1998) "Diet, Dental Health, and Cultural Change among Recently Contacted South American Indian Hunter-Horticulturalists", Ch. 17 in Human Dental Development, Morphology, and Pathology. University of Oregon Anthropological Papers, No. 54 and hunt and forage within the forest to supplement this. The issue arising is between the independent farmer providing for his family and the needs and wants of the globe as a whole.
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Students, staff, and faculty conduct research and teaching on ways to produce crops that feed the world, while promoting biodiversity, building soil, improving water resources and sequestering carbon. Animal Sciences - Animal Sciences fosters scientific discoveries in animal agriculture and biology, inspire original thinking and the art of discovery through innovative education and service, thereby enriching the lives of students, scientists, and society. Life Sciences Communication - The Department of Life Sciences Communication offers bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral education focusing on applied and theoretical problems in communicating about science, health, the environment, agriculture, and the biological sciences in an era of rapid technological change and media convergence.
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Popular seasonal activities include: Ice Harvest in January, the birth of lambs in late winter, Maple Sugaring in March, calving season in early spring, Sheep Shearing in April. Memorial Day ceremony, Fourth of July Celebration, Country Fair on Labor Day weekend, Corn Harvest in October and Christmas On the Farm in December. The farm also offers school field trips, classes in various 19th- century skills and trades, a summer kids' day camp and many other activities and demonstrations related to farm life. Kline Creek Farm raises a variety of livestock and crops and is a working farm that does produce crops and animals for market.
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Such "organic" and "free-range" farming is attainable where a significant number of affluent urban and suburban consumers willingly pay a premium for the ideals of "locally produced produce" and "humane treatment of animals". Sometimes, these farms are hobby or part-time ventures, or supported by wealth from other sources. Viable farms on a scale sufficient to support modern families at an income level commensurate with urban and suburban upper-middle-class families are often large scale operations, both in area and capital requirements. These farms, family owned and operated in a technologically and economically conventional manner, produce crops and animal products oriented to national and international markets, rather than to local markets.
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Hawkins provided for payment for the labor of freedwomen and older boys, and allotting supplies to families: > Each woman and each boy aged twelve to sixteen were to be paid four dollars > a month plus one ration; in addition, each woman was to receive money equal > to a soldier's allowance of clothing, while each boy aged twelve to sixteen > would receive a soldier's allowance of clothing. Each child under twelve > would receive one ration and remain with his or her parents. The Army allocated small plots of land to the households of the colony, and encouraged the freedmen to produce crops for food supplements. Under James' direction, they created fisheries as well, to make the island more self- sufficient.
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The Murašû Archive comprises business records regarding legal issues, loans, rents, transactions, trips to various capital cities, and the use of agents and subordinates to manage affairs. In essence, the Murašû Archive was the business repository of the Murašû firm - a business house dealing mainly with the management of agriculture. The Murašû firm would lease land and water from its owners, farm the land to produce crops, pay rents and taxes to the owners, and even sublet the leased lands to tenants, who would work the land with livestock, seeds, and equipment provided by the firm. In addition, the Murašû firm converted the produce from the lands they managed into specie—silver.
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Southern plantations were generally self-sufficient settlements that relied on the forced labor of enslaved people, similar to the way that a medieval manorial estate relied upon the forced labor of serfs. Plantations are an important aspect of the History of the Southern United States, particularly the antebellum era (pre-American Civil War). The mild temperate climate, plentiful rainfall, and fertile soils of the southeastern United States allowed the flourishing of large plantations, where large numbers of enslaved Africans were held captive as slave labor and forced to produce crops to create wealth for a white elite. The Seward Plantation is a historic Southern plantation-turned-ranch in Independence, Texas, United States.
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As the growth of the population and economy of the New World began to outgrow that of Spain, Spain began to look for ways to make the colonies more profitable. The Spanish government sought to eliminate tax evasion to reduce benefits of the colonies and created new laws and taxes to establish greater support and a larger revenue for the home country. Spain also created trading companies, allowed for agricultural and industrial "royal monopolies" and encouraged a greater amount of imports to the colonies to decrease the manufacturing capability of the colonies. These economic and social reforms increased the limitations for colonists to produce crops and changed their economy.“Bourdon Reforms.” World History: The Modern Era.
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During World War II she worked to produce crops to aid the war effort, and took in a number of war orphans. Her abilities led Kaynazarova to receive a number of honors during her career. She received the Order of Lenin three times, in 1941, 1947, and 1948; in 1946 she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and in 1948 and 1957 she was named a Hero of Socialist Labour. As a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union she was a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR; she also serve as a member and vice-chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Kirghiz SSR.
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China continued to export tea, silk and manufactures, creating a large, favorable trade balance with the West. The resulting inflow of silver expanded the money supply, facilitating the growth of competitive and stable markets. During the mid-Ming China had gradually shifted to silver as the standard currency for large scale transactions and by the late Kangxi reign the assessment and collection of the land tax was done in silver. By standardizing the collection of the land tax in silver, landlords followed suit and began only accepting rent payments in silver rather than in crops themselves, which in turn incentivized farmers to produce crops for sale in local and national markets rather than for their own personal consumption or barter.
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