960 Sentences With "prisms" | Random Sentence Generator

Prisms are one tool for combining and separating those signals.

Just a bunch of cylinders which are also rectangular prisms when you look at them in the mirror, but when you turn them round they become rectangular prisms which are cylinders in the mirror.

Now he's streamlined the concept into two smaller, stunning rectangular prisms.

"We didn't invent this laser, we didn't invent prisms," says Collarte.

Some of us can only look at it through certain prisms.

AND FINALLY Homemade rainbows These magical little beauties are trichroic prisms.

Australia's Baraja uses the physics of prisms to see the world.

Of course, Newton should expect to be judged through an array of prisms.

One dress looks like chandelier prisms hooked on a silk fishing net ($3,000).

Yet the prisms shrink this intrinsic distance — we can model ourselves after literally ourselves.

The stink of a joss stick in the air, prisms ticking against the windows.

Actually, the Mets view value at the catcher's spot through a number of prisms.

One model, rooted in Freudian thinking, saw people as prisms of unconscious, often conflicting desires.

The wafers and prisms used in augmented reality are still clunky, for the most part.

Once costs are reduced, such prisms could be installed on a larger scale for rooftop use.

As many who came to understand Biden's thinking told Vox, he viewed Iraq through two prisms.

Aldrin placed an array -- an arrangement of 100 quartz glass prisms in rows -- on the surface.

They're basically hexagonal prisms, with one side smaller than the other so they're easy to grip.

Because this controversy, like the many that have preceded it, is being refracted through partisan prisms.

Despite the excitement, we're still a long way off seeing one of these prisms on every rooftop.

Technically, the white feathers are expertly done, looking more like prisms catching all the colours of the rainbow.

Gaga practically pleads to be analyzed using prisms like Jean Baudrillard's hyper-reality, cyber-feminism, and queer performativity.

Feel its tinglies flowing from your palms and dancing around the note, making the salt sparkle like prisms.

It's not surprising then that the plot partly revolves around a support group for people obsessed with prisms.

Visitors are encouraged to share typewritten poetry, play with rotating prisms and artist-made seesaws, and watch video art.

The paintings remain figurative, but fold into a soft cubism sometimes reminiscent of the planar prisms of Franz Marc.

Both make for good late season beach reads, even though each explores the 1906 love triangle killing through different prisms.

Their experience demonstrates the limitations of focusing too narrowly on traditional valuation models and ignoring other prisms for assessing management behavior.

Back in the 1980s, researchers put prisms of different powers in front of each of the eyes of a praying mantis.

He wouldn't provide details, but explains it's a sort of lens that refracts infrared light the way prisms do visible light.

Much like the prisms and the quantum split that happens inside the device, we ourselves have moments of binary decision-making.

The walls and ceiling are covered with bundles of foot-long, gray, triangular prisms that absorb all sound and cancel any reverberations.

Perhaps this was simple copy-and-paste luck, refracted through the prisms of international trade and e-commerce until it exposed a sinister truth.

This is an abstract puzzle game in which colored spots are moved into place on the outside of 3-D prisms hovering in space.

My eyes watch through the rose's flaming center, crimson, as if through a hundred desiring eyes — till the world prisms: quartz pink, blush, vermilion.

Essentially, there are tiny prisms built into the display lens that are able to accept light from an extremely small projector while remaining see-through.

The case is covered in sapphire prisms and the display itself features a unique magnification system to increase the size of the dials by 20%.

Placed in Hudson River Park, it has nine boulders with pieces of glass installed in them that can act as prisms and reflect rainbows in sunlight.

Lasers exceeding this must [....] be diffused by prisms and other optical devices before the light is permitted to travel into the open spaces of a discotheque.

As it turns out, the small hairs on their bodies are shaped like triangular prisms, allowing them to deflect sunlight as it bears down on them.

Grochowski is the most varied, having played guitar in indie act Sub Verso and Breakthrough Frequencies, and drums in Prisms, The Exposure, and The Gentle Stunts.

Understanding nuclear war from movies, books and grainy videos of kids hiding ineffectually under desks, we've seen it mostly through two prisms: black humor and camp.

One of our favorite looks, as Allure reported, comes from colorist Roxie Jane Hunt, who recently created a spattering of rainbow prisms atop a brunette blunt cut.

NBC built a high-luminosity arena of technodemocracy, every possible surface glowing, the candidates parked at translucent prisms that glowed blue and winked red when they spoke.

Mounted atop Mount Wilson's historic 150-foot Solar Tower, a series of prisms are activated by computer code to focus colored beams of sunlight on specific locations.

Hologram. Adweek says 150,000 total prisms have been created, 50,000 acetate versions included in the magazine, plus another 100,000 glass versions that will be distributed via direct mail.

Eyewitness to Evolution writes that "the eyes of trilobites are composed of elongate prisms of clear calcite," and that they were sophisticated in these early days of life.

For this exhibition he is exploring through the prisms of political theory how large abstract constructs such as the idea of democracy can be translated into lived experience.

In the 17th century, Isaac Newton used prisms to divide the white light of the sun into our now familiar red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet rainbow.

" He added: "No photograph can convey the peculiar intricacy of space that it develops from what seems a simple formula of two skewed triangular prisms, one inside the other.

If there's one thing the series captures perfectly, it's the way that reality in the '80s felt filtered, more than ever, through the prisms of movies and TV shows.

"Rise in Wage Inequality Following the Introduction of Information Technology" (2016) consists of cleanly modernist, translucent acetate prisms overlapping each other, like a piece by Ellsworth Kelly in plastic.

Trump has reinforced the lesson of Reagan: that we live in a polity where entertainment is one of the main prisms through which citizens see and understand the world.

International performances include "Prisms," a stark dance piece by Montréal Danse; and "Faust," an adaptation of Goethe's play by the celebrated director Tomaž Pandur, who died this year. spaf.or.

And the N.B.A. is hardly alone in the sports world with its debatable dalliances in places like China, where morals, rights and courage are viewed from much different prisms.

In the dry season, when the storms break and the research season begins, Mr. González heads to the icy heights of the nearby peaks with survey prisms and markers.

She shows off a series of clear plastic boxes by Charles Ross, a pioneer of Land Art whose work with prisms, she says, never got him the attention he deserves.

In the same space, Hovsepian presents framed, concentrated contemplations of material associated with women, such as hosiery, in which the stretched fabric creates prisms through which to see other scrims.

We use them as prisms for discussions of privilege, of class, of tradition, of race (in the case of Ms. Markle), of what Britain was and what it should be.

The glasses, which look like a VR headset, have an HD camera and two sensors up front and inside have two screens and prisms, a processor and a small battery pack.

In the mornings prisms of ice sparkle beneath the sodium lights of the docks, where I live on a World War II tugboat with my wife and 8-month-old daughter.

Image: Roy Caldwell, Klaus Stiefel, Alexander StubbsThe key may lie in those bizarre U-shaped, W-shaped, and dumbbell-shaped pupils, which act like prisms, scattering white light in all directions.

The circular central space opens up on three sides, two of which house prisms which are designed to refract light at certain times of the year, depending on the Earth's orientation.

Further distancing the viewer from a familiar, singular way of reading images, Kidanu also creates installations in which she bounces projections of her films off mirrors or refracts them through prisms.

In his last decade he painted peasants near his home in southern France, along with chosen friends, using patches of shimmering colour like prisms to create a sense of depth and volume.

On California at the millennium ("California: A History," 2005): California had long since become one of the prisms through which the American people, for better and for worse, could glimpse their future.

They can even become prisms that crystallise passing moral or political prejudices, such as the supposed illusions (to Western minds) of Islamic teachings, or (to Protestants) the visual trickery of the Catholic church.

The new monument will be comprised of nine modified boulders, a handful are bisected by clear, laminated, borosilicate-glass that will act like prisms reflecting sunlight onto the surrounding lawn as rainbow patterns.

My new recipe is for clam chowder pizza — a take on the clam pies of New Haven, refracted through my memories of pan roasts at the Grand Central Oyster Bar among other prisms.

In an interview with Hyperallergic last year about the monument, Goicolea described the prisms hidden within his boulders as refracting light in different ways depending on the season, day, weather conditions, and perspective.

That is, they convey the character of the grapes as seen through the prisms of the places in which they are grown and as they have been shaped by the people who produced them.

In Something Between Us, costume jewelry, glass baubles, and other thrift store trinkets are transformed into portals to another world, reflective mediums for blissfully psychedelic prisms of light that swell into a kaleidoscopic cacophony.

In particular, the company focuses on embedding multiple prisms into a single piece of glass, to increase the size and breadth of images while keeping the lenses discreet and "non-dorky," CEO Ari Grobman said.

But even more than that, they are excuses to bang these deeply flawed characters together in new and peculiar ways, to turn them in air so their flaws catch new light, throw off new prisms.

What's critical is that the prisms in the now diverging timelines are connected together, and the device has a "pad" that allows for limited communications between the two timelines before the pad expires its capacity.

It is unclear how Mr. Cohen's testimony — alternately self-confident, exasperated, ashamed — will reverberate inside the two political parties, whose most partisan and committed voters view Mr. Cohen and Mr. Trump through radically different prisms.

From deep inside the car, it fires its pulses of light, which travel through fiber optic cables to the several prisms that sit inside blue plastic casing at various points on the exterior of the car.

And because those key moments will be viewed largely through people's usual preferred outlets and ideological prisms, the potential to change minds or open eyes is more limited than some of the pregame coverage would suggest.

Animosity between the two countries has merged "military prisms and ideas into economic policies," Mr. Paulson said in a preview of a speech he planned to make today at a Bloomberg event on the economy in Beijing.

" Representative lyric: "Dude in a lab coat and a man of God / fought over prisms and a four-day flood / Well, I say rainbows did more than they've ever done / So why do we gotta fight over ideas?

The process to create Valyrian steel involves blood magic and dragon fire, which imbues it with special properties: notably, it is much lighter than regular steel, and it has a slightly rippled texture that prisms in the light.

Advertise on Hyperallergic with Nectar Ads For almost three decades, the artist Dread Scott has relentlessly interrogated issues of ideology and power, often in terms of how they are experienced through the prisms of nationalism, race, and violence.

So far they have hoisted the anchor, six brass portholes, the ship's 250-pound brass bell with the works "USS Nina" etched on its side, and several glass skylights that worked as prisms to distribute light below the Nina's deck.

Pub date: March 5 Jia Tolentino's debut essay collection is an examination of self-delusion, an unflinching look at the "cultural prisms" that make it impossible to see ourselves as we are — social media, the revered scammer, the obsession with efficiency.

In many of the stories in this set, Chiang places a new technological object, whether it's a time-travel gate, digients and virtual worlds, or the prisms in this last story, and shows how humans react to their fresh capabilities.

On the floor, as high as your ankle and refracting the Baroque works on the walls, is an abstract construction of mirrored triangular prisms by the Antwerp artists Stéphane Schraenen and Carla Arocha — another work that produces drama through reflected light.

She collaborated with artist Charles Ross, known for his work with prisms and light, and architect Laban Wingert to create the Dwan Light Sanctuary in Montezuma, New Mexico on the grounds of the Montezuma Castle and the United World College.

This was taken in Manitoba, Canada Feel free to share from my page and follow #explorecanada #exploremb #501northphotography The halos form because of refraction, or the bending of waves of light through ice crystals in the shape of hexagonal prisms.

Her reporting over the last several years has made it clear, though, that many younger people treat the platform as a primary news source, a personal blog, and a place to develop a worldview that is often pushed through prisms of irony.

The National Trust doesn't allow modifications necessary to make somehting like Our Colour Perception, so West took an approach similar to her intervention in a North Lincolnshire cathedral, reflecting and refracting sunlight through colored mirrors, window panes, and prisms to transform the space.

The names of its characters include Yes and Greens Black-Eyed Peas Cornbread; Lots of Grease and Lots of Pork; and Prunes and Prisms, a reference to a vocal exercise purported to reduce the size of the speaker's lips if repeated frequently enough.

We start to see glimmers of this as he explains the quantum dynamics behind the prisms, arguing that even a single atomic difference in different timelines can lead to massive changes in weather patterns and ultimately the macro events that build each of those worlds.

Engadget covered these two latest offerings from the floor of CES in great detail yesterday (40 degree FOV, 720p binocular vision, Snapdragon processor) and I have to say that after trying them on myself, Lumus's intellectual property, which relies on multiple prisms in their lenses, is rad.

Part 2 captures the tumult of his movies from the 1983s, a period that found the director refracting his earthy style and Marxist worldview through the prisms of Italian neorealism, timeless texts ("Medea," on Saturday and Sunday, casts Maria Callas in a freehanded riff on Euripides) and cryptic symbolism.

Hollywood's famed Technicolor process even used a similar technique, but relied on prisms to split the light coming into a camera which captured multiple black and white film exposures that were later used to create full-color prints, right up until films like The Godfather Part II in the mid-'70s.

It's as if your hair is treated to a super chill rainbow light filter on Instagram — and it makes for the prettiest detail One of our favorite looks, as Allure reported, comes from colorist Roxie Jane Hunt, who recently created a spattering of rainbow prisms atop a brunette blunt cut.

The vault is submerged under the mountain except for the entrance, a sloping gray slab of concrete crowned by the Norwegian artist Dyveke Sanne's work "Perpetual Repercussion": an installation of twisted mirrors, prisms, stainless steel beams and fiber optic cables that flash blue-green and white lights into the polar dark — a manufactured Northern lights.

While the two works, at first glance, seem to be stylistic opposites — one is a figurative proto-Baroque painting based on a biblical tale; the other is an abstract wall sculpture composed of reflective aluminum prisms and stripes of vinyl tape — both make masterful use of chiaroscuro, drawing spiritual metaphors through sharp contrasts of light and dark.

Co-producers Hudson Mohawke and Oneohtrix Point Never fashion for her a batch of beats whose avoidance of ordinary melodic structure draws attention to all the cool noises chomping along underneath — sharp, sizzling glittersirens, piercing rays of sunlight filtered through glass prisms, abrasive metal slabs undercut with sweet synthesized bass — forming an elegant, pulsating, computerized musical body that's always on its toes.

There are 4 uniform compounds of triangular prisms: :Compound of four triangular prisms, compound of eight triangular prisms, compound of ten triangular prisms, compound of twenty triangular prisms.

The Rochon and Sénarmont prisms are similar, but use different optical axis orientations in the two prisms. The Sénarmont prism is air spaced, unlike the Wollaston and Rochon prisms. These prisms truly split the beam into two fully polarized beams with perpendicular polarizations. The Nomarski prism is a variant of the Wollaston prism, which is widely used in differential interference contrast microscopy.

The dodecahedral prism consists of two dodecahedra connected to each other via 12 pentagonal prisms. The pentagonal prisms are joined to each other via their square faces.

The octahedral prism consists of two octahedra connected to each other via 8 triangular prisms. The triangular prisms are joined to each other via their square faces.

Some prisms were made with multiple pendant prisms, either as a Fresnel-lens-like sheet of identical prisms ("multi") or a sheet of dissimilar prisms that could distribute the light ("three-way" etc.). The precise angles at which the prisms refracted or reflected light was important. An installation would generally consist of multiple different prescriptions of prism, chosen either by an on-site expert contractor or by a layman using standard algorithms. This also would diffuse the light somewhat, as would the rough glass surfaces (the lenses are translucent, not transparent).

These prisms are cemented together on their base (traditionally with Canada balsam) to form two right triangle prisms with perpendicular optic axes. Outgoing light beams diverge from the prism as ordinary and extraordinary rays due to the differences in the indexes of refraction, with the angle of divergence determined by the prisms' wedge angle and the wavelength of the light. Commercial prisms are available with divergence angles from less than 1° to about 45°.

The infinite sets of uniform antiprismatic prisms are constructed from two parallel uniform antiprisms): (p≥2) - - 2 p-gonal antiprisms, connected by 2 p-gonal prisms and 2p triangular prisms. A p-gonal antiprismatic prism has 4p triangle, 4p square and 4 p-gon faces. It has 10p edges, and 4p vertices.

The infinite sets of uniform antiprismatic prisms or antiduoprisms are constructed from two parallel uniform antiprisms: (p≥3) - - 2 p-gonal antiprisms, connected by 2 p-gonal prisms and 2p triangular prisms. A p-gonal antiprismatic prism has 4p triangle, 4p square and 4 p-gon faces. It has 10p edges, and 4p vertices.

Niobium triselenide has a highly anisotropic structure. The Nb centers are bound within trigonal prisms defined by six Se ligands. The NbSe6 prisms form infinite chains lined up in parallel. Although the prisms share the same coordination, the cell consists of three chain types repeated twice, where each chain is defined by its Se-Se bond length.

419 In rodents, HSB are usually present in the PI. Three types of HSB can be separated—pauciserial, uniserial, and multiserial. Pauciserial HSB, present in some primitive Paleogene rodents, are usually three to six prisms thick and have inter-prismatic matrix (IPM) surrounding the prisms, which have irregular cross-sections. Uniserial HSB, present in most living rodents, consist of a single layer of prisms. Multiserial HSB, three to seven prisms thick, characterize the living Hystricognathi and the gundis (Ctenodactylidae) and springhares (Pedetes).

The 24 prisms are aligned in row with an alternating orientation (normal and upside down). Each prism can adopt 4 different positions, each with an offset of 90°. Usually the prisms have alternating colors.

The tetrahedral prism is bounded by two tetrahedra and four triangular prisms. The triangular prisms are joined to each other via their square faces, and are joined to the two tetrahedra via their triangular faces.

Vertices are angular or subrounded; the tops of the prisms are somewhat indistinct and normally flat. Figure 3-17 shows a soil profile with prismatic structure in the subsoil. Columnar —The units are similar to prisms and bounded by flat or slightly rounded vertical faces. The tops of columns, in contrast to those of prisms, are very distinct and normally rounded.

The microstructure of the enamel of this tooth has been studied. With a width of about 55 μm near the tip of a cusp, the enamel is thin. The enamel prisms are straight, small, and rounded and there is little material between the prisms. Small, rounded prisms are also seen in Gondwanatherium, Sudamerica, and other gondwanatheres, but in few multituberculates.

It is the second in an infinite series of uniform antiprismatic prisms. It is one of 18 uniform polyhedral prisms created by using uniform prisms to connect pairs of parallel Platonic solids and Archimedean solids. It is one of four four-dimensional Hanner polytopes; the other three are the tesseract, the 16-cell, and the dual of the octahedral prism (a cubic bipyramid).

61, P 502-504. All of these minerals crystallize as slender prisms.

Comparison of fusional ranges measured by Risley prisms, vectograms, and computer orthopter.

Windows manufactured with an intentional wedge are often referred to as wedge prisms, and typically come with wedge angles of one, two, or three degrees. Many applications exist for wedge prisms, including laser-beam steering, rangefinding and variable focusing.

Toblerone is known for its distinctive shape, a series of joined triangular prisms.

Prisms with irradiance damage thresholds greater than 1 GW/cm2 are commercially available.

The Schmidt-Pechan furthermore shares the phase correction problems with other roof prisms.

The objective is to navigate the cube through maze-like levels and reach the goal. Levels consist of platforms, moving blocks, switches, and collectible prisms. After completing a level, the player receives a performance ranking based on completion time, number of prisms obtained, and number of times the cube falls off the map. Collecting all prisms in a level and clearing it quickly earns the player a special rank.

The Labiche Formation is composed shale with flakes of coccolithic debris, Inoceramus prisms, pyrite.

A set of more complex wooden blocks that includes cubes, planks, and triangular prisms.

In optics, octagonal prisms are used to generate flicker-free images in movie projectors.

There are 18 convex polyhedral prisms created from 5 Platonic solids and 13 Archimedean solids as well as for the infinite families of three-dimensional prisms and antiprisms. The symmetry number of a polyhedral prism is twice that of the base polyhedron.

The phase shifts are utilized by Fresnel's invention, the Fresnel rhomb, to modify polarization. The efficiency of the reflection is exploited by optical fibers (used in telecommunications cables and in image-forming fiberscopes), and by reflective prisms, such as erecting prisms for binoculars.

There are 18 convex polyhedral prisms created from 5 Platonic solids and 13 Archimedean solids as well as for the infinite families of three-dimensional prisms and antiprisms. The symmetry number of a polyhedral prism is twice that of the base polyhedron.

The microstructure of the enamel of VPL/JU/NKIM/25 has been studied. Unlike other gondwanatheres, it has enamel consisting of three layers—radial enamel, tangential enamel, and PLEX. The rows of small, round enamel prisms are separated by interprismatic matrix that forms crystals oriented at right angles relative to the prisms. Prisms arise at the enamel-dentine junction, run through the enamel, and meet the outer enamel at a high angle.

The Sénarmont prism is similar but transmits the s-polarized ray undeviated. In both the Rochon and the Sénarmont prisms the undeviated ray is ordinary on both sides of the interface. Rochon prisms are commercially available, but for many applications other polarisers are preferred.

The runcinated tesseract may be constructed by expanding the cells of a tesseract radially, and filling in the gaps with tetrahedra (vertex figures), cubes (face prisms), and triangular prisms (edge figures). The same process applied to a 16-cell also yields the same figure.

Tourmaline is distinguished by its three- sided prisms; no other common mineral has three sides. Prisms faces often have heavy vertical striations that produce a rounded triangular effect. Tourmaline is rarely perfectly euhedral. An exception was the fine dravite tourmalines of Yinnietharra, in western Australia.

On average, the prisms are 6.57 μm apart, so that there are about 27,247 per mm2.

The small rhombicuboctahedral cells are joined via their 6 axial square faces to the cubical cells, and joined via their 12 non-axial square faces to the hexagonal prisms. The cubical cells are joined to the rhombicuboctahedra via 2 opposite faces, and joined to the hexagonal prisms via the remaining 4 faces. The hexagonal prisms are connected to the truncated tetrahedra via their hexagonal faces, and to the rhombicuboctahedra via 3 of their square faces each, and to the cubes via the other 3 square faces. The truncated tetrahedra are joined to the rhombicuboctahedra via their triangular faces, and the hexagonal prisms via their hexagonal faces.

The polarimeter is made up of two Nicol prisms (the polarizer and analyzer). The polarizer is fixed and the analyzer can be rotated. The prisms may be thought of as slits S1 and S2. The light waves may be considered to correspond to waves in the string.

The infinite set of uniform prismatic prisms overlaps with the 4-p duoprisms: (p≥3) - - p cubes and 4 p-gonal prisms - (All are the same as 4-p duoprism) The second polytope in the series is a lower symmetry of the regular tesseract, {4}×{4}.

Two half-prisms were added at the ends to make the whole assembly rectangular. The prisms were separated by thin films of turpentine (térébenthine) to suppress internal reflections, allowing a clear line of sight along the row. When the four prisms with similar orientations were compressed in a vise, from apex to base across the line of sight, an object viewed through the assembly produced two images with perpendicular polarizations, with an apparent spacing of 1.5mm at one metre.

From the late 1980s through the mid-1990s, an Orban Optimod 8100A was used as the sole audio processor. Around 1994, an Orban XT2 chassis was added to the processing chain. In late 1994 or early 1995, the XT2 was retired in favor of a pair of Gentner audio Prisms (formerly known as "Texar" prisms) processing in front of the 8100. Shortly after, the 8100 was retired and an Optimod 2200 was installed, retaining the Prisms.

The most obvious family of prismatic 4-polytopes is the polyhedral prisms, i.e. products of a polyhedron with a line segment. The cells of such a 4-polytopes are two identical uniform polyhedra lying in parallel hyperplanes (the base cells) and a layer of prisms joining them (the lateral cells). This family includes prisms for the 75 nonprismatic uniform polyhedra (of which 18 are convex; one of these, the cube-prism, is listed above as the tesseract).

The pentagonal-prism-first orthographic projection of the dodecahedral prism into 3D space has a decagonal envelope (see diagram). Two of the pentagonal prisms project to the center of this volume, each surrounded by 5 other pentagonal prisms. They form two sets (each consisting of a central pentagonal prism surrounded by 5 other non-uniform pentagonal prisms) that cover the volume of the decagonal prism twice. The two dodecahedra project onto the decagonal faces of the envelope.

The most obvious family of prismatic 4-polytopes is the polyhedral prisms, i.e. products of a polyhedron with a line segment. The cells of such a 4-polytope are two identical uniform polyhedra lying in parallel hyperplanes (the base cells) and a layer of prisms joining them (the lateral cells). This family includes prisms for the 75 nonprismatic uniform polyhedra (of which 18 are convex; one of these, the cube-prism, is listed above as the tesseract).

The transparent elements may be referred to as prisms or lenses (depending on shape), or as jewels.

Working principle of a Sénarmont prism The Sénarmont prism is a type of polariser. It is made from two prisms of a birefringent material such as calcite, usually cemented together. The Sénarmont prism is named after Henri Hureau de Sénarmont. It is similar to the Rochon and Wollaston prisms.

The 8 truncated cuboctahedra are joined to each other via their octagonal faces, in an arrangement corresponding to the 8 cubical cells of the tesseract. They are joined to the 16 truncated tetrahedra via their hexagonal faces, and their square faces are joined to the square faces of the 32 triangular prisms. The triangular faces of the triangular prisms are joined to the truncated tetrahedra. The truncated tetrahedra correspond with the tesseract's vertices, and the triangular prisms correspond with the tesseract's edges.

In a patient with BSV, a natural shift of the eye occurs. When measuring horizontal fusion ranges, base in prisms assess fusional divergence while base out prisms assess fusional convergence. The vertical fusional vergence amplitude can also be measured with base up and base down prisms although the horizontal PFR is typically the main focus when testing. When performing the PFR, prism strengths are increased, placing greater demand on the vergence system, eventually resulting in a break point accompanying diplopia.

Daylight redirecting film bending light upwards The oldest use of prisms for daylighting may well be deck prisms, let into the decks of ships to transmit light below. Later, pavement lights or vault lights were used to light basement areas under sidewalks. Prisms that used total internal reflection to throw light sideways, lighting the deeper portions of a room, later became popular. Early thick, slow-cooling cast glass prism tiles were often known as "luxfer tiles" after a major manufacturer.

The dispersive Abbe prism should not be confused with the non- dispersive Porro–Abbe or Abbe–Koenig prisms.

Triangular bifrustum The nested triangles graph with two triangles is the graph of the triangular prism, and the nested triangles graph with three triangles is the graph of the triangular bifrustum. More generally, because the nested triangles graphs are planar and 3-vertex- connected, it follows from Steinitz's theorem that they all can be represented as convex polyhedra. An alternative geometric representation of these graphs may be given by gluing triangular prisms end-to-end on their triangular faces; the number of nested triangles is one more than the number of glued prisms. However, using right prisms, this gluing process will cause the rectangular faces of adjacent prisms to be coplanar, so the result will not be strictly convex.

YVO4 prisms are more expensive, however, and can accept beams over a very limited range of angles of incidence.

The Glan–Taylor prism is similar, except that the crystal axes and transmitted polarization direction are orthogonal to the Glan–Foucault design. This yields higher transmission and better polarization of the reflected light. Calcite Glan–Foucault prisms are now rarely used, having been mostly replaced by Glan–Taylor polarizers and other more recent designs. Yttrium orthovanadate (YVO4) prisms based on the Glan–Foucault design have superior polarization of the reflected beam and higher damage threshold, compared with calcite Glan–Foucault and Glan–Taylor prisms.

Modern wide angle upside down goggles (147° x 68° field of view) Upside down goggles, also known as "invertoscope" by Russian researchers, are an optical instrument that inverts the image received by the retinas upside down. It is used to study human visual perception, particularly psychological process of building a visual image in the brain. Objects viewed through the device appear upside down and mirrored. They are constructed using sets of optical right- angle prisms, Dove prisms, or a mirror plus right-angle prisms with unequal catetus.

Matt Wysocki is now one half of an electronic music group called Prisms, and still does photography in Los Angeles.

"Dispersive prisms and gratings" (pdf) in Michael Bass et al. (eds.) Handbook of Optics. Vol. 2, Ch. 5. McGraw Hill.

The 8 small rhombicuboctahedral cells are joined to each other via their axial square faces. Their non-axial square faces, which correspond with the edges of a cube, are connected to the triangular prisms. The triangular faces of the small rhombicuboctahedra and the triangular prisms are connected to the 16 octahedra. Its structure can be imagined by means of the tesseract itself: the rhombicuboctahedra are analogous to the tesseract's cells, the triangular prisms are analogous to the tesseract's edges, and the octahedra are analogous to the tesseract's vertices.

Traditionally Canada balsam was used as the cement in assembling these prisms, but this has largely been replaced by synthetic polymers.

The resulting superposition image is then a representation of complex natural halo displays containing many different orientation sets of ice prisms.

The achromatism of prisms depends upon the same principles, and it is effected in the same way as that of lenses.

The use of two prisms means that the output is essentially coaxial with the input. At the interface between the prisms refraction does take place, as the refractive indices are exchanged. There is therefore some separation of the components of the output beam. This device is not commonly used today, but similar designs are commercially available.

Daylight redirecting film is made of acrylic on a flexible polyester backing, one side coated with a pressure-sensitive adhesive (to make it peel-and-stick). There are two types of film. Some film is moulded with tiny triangular prisms, making a flexible peel-and-stick miniature prismatic panel. The prisms are joined at the edges into a sheet.

Retrieved on 2012-01-15. It can replace calcite, titanium dioxide or lithium niobate in Glan–Taylor prisms, Glan–Thompson prisms, walk-off beam splitters and other optical components. It has low hygroscopicity, and its Mohs hardness is 4.5. Its damage threshold is 1 GW/cm2 at 1064 nm and 500 MW/cm2 at 355 nm.

In terrestrial telescopes such as spotting scopes, monoculars and binoculars, prisms (e.g., Porro prisms) or a relay lens between objective and eyepiece are used to correct the image orientation. There are telescope designs that do not present an inverted image such as the Galilean refractor and the Gregorian reflector. These are referred to as erecting telescopes.

PRISMS is a sister school of the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China. Students collaborate with their peers in China on research projects and are able to study abroad at the school in Beijing. The student body at PRISMS is 75% Chinese and is part of a larger influx of Chinese students into American private schools.

The 24 small rhombicuboctahedra are joined to each other via their triangular faces, to the cuboctahedra via their axial square faces, and to the triangular prisms via their off-axial square faces. The cuboctahedra are joined to the triangular prisms via their triangular faces. Each triangular prism is joined to two cuboctahedra at its two ends.

Two new spectrograph instruments were developed for the Great double refractor. There was a larger one that used three prisms, with the prisms made by Steinheil. The spectrograph weighed 31 kg, and was installed on the end of the telescope. The other spectrograph weighted 20 kg, but only had a single prism made by Zeiss in Jena.

Bonaccordite can occur as either a cluster of thin, long prisms or rosette-like radiating groups. The prisms can form veins through other minerals and the radiating groups can occur in minerals like liebenbergite or trevorite.De Waal S.A., Viljoen E.A., Calk L.C. (1974) Nickel Minerals form Barberton, South Africa: VII Bonaccordite. The Nickel Analogue of Ludwigite.

In the mathematical field of graph theory, a prism graph is a graph that has one of the prisms as its skeleton.

Nonuniform pentagonal prisms called pentaprisms are also used in optics to rotate an image through a right angle without changing its chirality.

Copper(II) fluoride has a monoclinic crystal structure and cannot achieve a higher-symmetry structure. It forms rectangular prisms with a parallelogram base.

The direction of the upper ray, or o-ray, is quite different from its original direction because it alone suffers total internal reflection at the glue interface, as well as a final refraction on exit from the upper side of the prism. Nicol prisms were once widely used in microscopy and polarimetry, and the term "using crossed Nicols" (abbreviated as XN) is still used to refer to the observing of a sample placed between orthogonally oriented polarizers. In most instruments, however, Nicol prisms have been replaced by other types of polarizers such as Polaroid sheets and Glan–Thompson prisms.

Nicol prisms produce a very high purity of polarized light, and were extensively used in microscopy, though in modern use they have been mostly replaced with alternatives such as the Glan–Thompson prism, Glan–Foucault prism, and Glan–Taylor prism. These prisms are not true polarizing beamsplitters since only the transmitted beam is fully polarized. A Wollaston prism A Wollaston prism is another birefringent polarizer consisting of two triangular calcite prisms with orthogonal crystal axes that are cemented together. At the internal interface, an unpolarized beam splits into two linearly polarized rays which leave the prism at a divergence angle of 15°–45°.

ChromaDepth 3-D was invented by US researcher Richard Steenblik after he noticed that the bright colors on the screen of a TEMPEST video game seemed to lie in different depth planes. In the course of eight years of after-hours experimentation, Steenblik created plastic prisms, glass double prisms, Fresnel prisms, and liquid optics using glycerin and Chinese cinnamon oil held in wedge-shaped glass cells. These liquid glasses worked, but were not suited for mass production. Steenblik and his business partner, Dr. Frederick Lauter, were about to give up when a new optical development came to their attention.

This is most commonly achieved through the use of fresnel prisms. These slim flexible plastic prisms can be attached to the patient's glasses, or to plano glasses if the patient has no refractive error, and serve to compensate for the inward misalignment of the affected eye. Unfortunately, the prism only correct for a fixed degree of misalignment and, because the affected individual's degree of misalignment will vary depending upon their direction of gaze, they may still experience diplopia when looking to the affected side. The prisms are available in different strengths and the most appropriate one can be selected for each patient.

In 1871 London, Hayward Brothers patented their "semi-prism": changing the shape of the glass by adding pendant prisms to the underside reflects the light sideways, allowing it to light the area under the main building. The pendant shapes were right-angle ("half") prisms, which reflected all incoming light sideways. The horizontal ridges protruding from the top of the prism let it be set into an opening in an iron or cement grating. Some cast glass pendant prisms have flat portions to shed light directly below, as well as throwing it sideways under the main body of the building (see image).

Two of the ten tetrahedral cells meet at each vertex. The triangular prisms lie between them, joined to them by their triangular faces and to each other by their square faces. Each triangular prism is joined to its neighbouring triangular prisms in anti orientation (i.e., if edges A and B in the shared square face are joined to the triangular faces of one prism, then it is the other two edges that are joined to the triangular faces of the other prism); thus each pair of adjacent prisms, if rotated into the same hyperplane, would form a gyrobifastigium.

Late concrete panels often were made with metal-framed "armored prisms", which were intended to prevent breakage and make replacing individual prisms easier. The glass is not cast into the concrete but caulked into the frame. Rather than chiselling out the old glass, the glass can be popped out of the frame. Translucent concrete has also been proposed as a floor material.

By warming oxyfurazan acetic acid with excess of potassium permanganate, oxyfurazancarboxylic acid is obtained. It crystallizes as prisms (m.p. 175 °C). Furazancarboxylic acid (m.p.

Due to its commercial success, it was sent to contemporary hit and rhythmic radio stations on December 17, 2013 as Prisms third official single.

The album went on to receive critical acclaim (with a score of 82 on Metacritic). Two singles were released from the album, "Prisms" and "Taipei".

Further modifications of burn rate were achieved by shaping the individual powder grains, often into prismatic shapes such as single-perforated hexagonal or octagonal prisms.

Older glass elements were cast, and might be cut and polished. Prism tiles were often made of single prisms joined with zinc, lead, or electroglazed copper strips (rather like the methods used to join traditional European stained glass). Sidewalk prisms were cast in one piece as single or multiple-prism lenses, and inserted into load-bearing frames. Daylight redirecting film is made of acrylic.

A Wollaston prism A Wollaston prism is an optical device, invented by William Hyde Wollaston, that manipulates polarized light. It separates light into two separate linearly polarized outgoing beams with orthogonal polarization. The two beams will be polarized according to the optical axis of the two right angle prisms. The Wollaston prism consists of two orthogonal prisms of birefringent material—typically a uniaxial material such as calcite.

1898 from "Album de Puerto Rico" The original illuminating apparatus was an 1885, lenticular 3rd order lens, manufactured by Sautter, Lemonnier & Company of France. The central drum measured 1 meter in diameter. It had six panels of which three were flashing panels. In each panel of the central drum there were seven elements; each panel above central drum had eleven prisms and four prisms below.

Synthetic resin composites (such as fiberglass), as well as plastics such as Lexan, have been proposed to replace missing prism lights. Translucent decking panels made of fiberglass are often used for balconies which would otherwise shade the windows below them. Peel-and-stick prism films recently have come on the market, with acrylic micro-prisms that internally reflect light somewhat like glass pendant prisms.

Resulting from its geometry, the optical switch is sensitive to the angle of the incident beam. Depending on the shape of the prisms, the transmittance of the switch in its reflective state during a typical day shows characteristic angular dependence. This dependence can be used to find specific transmission curves for different applications, where the geometry of the prisms serves as the input variable.

In that case, if the light was initially polarized at 45° to the plane of incidence and reflection, it appeared to be completely depolarized after the two reflections. These findings were reported in a memoir submitted and read to the French Academy of Sciences in November 1817. In a "supplement" dated January 1818, Fresnel reported that optical rotation could be emulated by passing the polarized light through a pair of "coupled prisms", followed by an ordinary birefringent lamina sliced parallel to its axis, with the axis at 45° to the plane of reflection of the prisms, followed by a second pair of prisms at 90° to the first.

Photograph of a triangular prism, dispersing light Lamps as seen through a prism In optics, a dispersive prism is an optical prism, usually having the shape of a geometrical triangular prism, used as a spectroscopic component. Spectral dispersion is the best known property of optical prisms, although not the most frequent purpose of using optical prisms in practice. Triangular prisms are used to disperse light, that is, to separate light into its spectral components (the colors of the rainbow). Different wavelengths (colors) of light will be deflected by the prism at different angles, producing a spectrum on a detector (or seen through an eyepiece).

One of the best indicators that you have located hedenbergite is the radiating prisms with a monoclinic crystal system. Hedenbergite is found primarily in metamorphic rocks.

Dream Weaver (2008). 20’ high; welded aluminum, holographic material. Howell Cheney Technical High School, Manchester, Connecticut. Solar Wind (2000). 28’ high; stainless steel and polymer prisms.

Elizabeth le Fey released her self-titled EP Globelamp, in 2011. # Gypsies Lost # Crystal # Warrior Heart # Crocodile # Sparks # Invisible Prisms all written by Elizabeth le Fey.

Nonuniform variants with [3,4,3] symmetry and two types of truncated cuboctahedra can be doubled by placing the two types of truncated cuboctahedra on each other to produce a nonuniform polychoron with 48 truncated cuboctahedra, 144 octagonal prisms (as ditetragonal trapezoprisms), 192 hexagonal prisms, two kinds of 864 rectangular trapezoprisms (288 with D2d symmetry and 576 with C2v symmetry), and 2304 vertices. Its vertex figure is an irregular triangular bipyramid.

Early spectrographs employed banks of prisms that split light into a broad spectrum. Later the grating spectrograph was developed, which reduced the amount of light loss compared to prisms and provided higher spectral resolution. The spectrum can be photographed in a long exposure, allowing the spectrum of faint objects (such as distant galaxies) to be measured. Stellar photometry came into use in 1861 as a means of measuring stellar colors.

With dispersive spectrometers, the crystal is a rectangular slab with chamfered edges, seen in cross-section in the illustrations. Other geometries use prisms, half-spheres, or thin sheets.

J. Klein and A. Skaist; Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press, 1990). The three known complete examples of this inscription are nearly identical, with only minor variants, although the dates on the prisms show that they were written sixteen months apart (the Taylor and Jerusalem Prisms in 691 BC and the Oriental Institute prism in 689 BC). There are also at least eight other fragmentary prisms preserving parts of this text, all in the British Museum, and most of them containing just a few lines. The Chicago text was translated by Daniel David Luckenbill and the Akkadian text, along with a translation into English, is available in his book The Annals of Sennacherib (University of Chicago Press, 1924).

Vertex figure for the bialternatosnub 16-cell The bialternatosnub 16-cell or runcic snub rectified 16-cell, constructed by removing alternating long rectangles from the octagons, but is also not uniform. Like the omnisnub tesseract, it has a highest symmetry construction of order 192, with 8 rhombicuboctahedra (with Th symmetry), 16 icosahedra (with T symmetry), 24 rectangular trapezoprisms (topologically equivalent to a cube but with D2d symmetry), 32 triangular prisms, with 96 triangular prisms (as Cs-symmetry wedges) filling the gaps. A variant with regular icosahedra and uniform triangular prisms has two edge lengths in the ratio of 1 : 2, and occurs as a vertex-faceting of the scaliform runcic snub 24-cell.

In this article an alternative method to decrease the optical gain is presented. The method is based on the geometry of prisms and the phenomenon of Total Internal Reflection.

The Hartman effect is the tunneling effect through a barrier where the tunneling time tends to a constant for large barriers. This could, for instance, be the gap between two prisms. When the prisms are in contact, the light passes straight through, but when there is a gap, the light is refracted. There is a non-zero probability that the photon will tunnel across the gap rather than follow the refracted path.

Wherever bending prisms with electronic angular measurement are not suitable, a small distance between the bends might be a reason, bending prisms without electronic angle measurement are applied. In that case the control unit can be switched from angular measurement to stroke measurement. This method allows the pre-selection of the stroke of the bending ram in mm and therefore the immersion depth of the punch into the prism. Setting accuracy is +/- 0.1 mm.

The following year, they determined its chemical formula to be C26H46O3, with two double bonds, and with two of the oxygen molecules occurring in hydroxyl groups. Its structure was determined in 1954 by comparison with a sample that was chemically synthesized from ergosterol. Purified cerevisterol has the form of a white amorphous solid. When crystallized in ethyl alcohol, it forms elongated prisms, while crystallization in acetone or ethyl acetate produces broad hexagonal prisms.

Roof-prisms designs also require tighter tolerances for alignment of their optical elements (collimation). This adds to their expense since the design requires them to use fixed elements that need to be set at a high degree of collimation at the factory. Porro prisms binoculars occasionally need their prism sets to be re-aligned to bring them into collimation. The fixed alignment in roof-prism designs means the binoculars normally will not need re-collimation.

Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:657-664 Prism spectacles incorporate higher power prisms, with variable shapes and designs. The Gottlieb button prism, and the Peli superior and inferior horizontal bands are some proprietary examples of prism glasses. These high power prisms "create" artificial peripheral vision into the non-blind field for obstacle avoidance and motion detection. Certain counterbalancing brain lesions have also been shown to improve visual deficits in a phenomenon known as the Sprague effect.

They typically employ prisms and total internal reflection instead of mirrors, because prisms, which do not require coatings on the reflecting surface, are much more rugged than mirrors. They may have additional optical capabilities such as range-finding and targeting. The mechanical systems of submarine periscopes typically use hydraulics and need to be quite sturdy to withstand the drag through water. The periscope chassis may also support a radio or radar antenna.

Nonuniform variants with [3,3,3] symmetry and two types of truncated octahedra can be doubled by placing the two types of truncated octahedra on each other to produce a nonuniform polychoron with 10 truncated octahedra, two types of 40 hexagonal prisms (20 ditrigonal prisms and 20 ditrigonal trapezoprisms), two kinds of 90 rectangular trapezoprisms (30 with D2d symmetry and 60 with C2v symmetry), and 240 vertices. Its vertex figure is an irregular triangular bipyramid.

It is also the only convex uniform tiling that can not be created as a Wythoff construction. It can be constructed as alternate layers of apeirogonal prisms and apeirogonal antiprisms.

He uses prisms to allow the sun's light to be appreciated without having to look directly at it. Erskine moved to live at the CoHo Ecovillage, Corvallis, Oregon in 2007.

Alternatively, it can be constructed by gluing together two end-to-end pentagonal frustums, or (if coplanar faces are allowed) by gluing together two pentagonal prisms on their pentagonal faces.

Typical growth habits are hexagonal prisms or tabular with pyramidal terminations. The streak of Hanksite is white. It can contain inclusions of clay that the crystal formed around while developing.

Doug Munro, On Being a Participant Biographer: The Search for J.W. Davidson, ch. 13 of Brij V. Lal and Vicki Luker, eds., Telling Pacific Lives: Prisms of Process, ANU Press, 2008.

Originally the process was confined to optical equipment such as prisms—the earliest examples being made around 1900. Later the scope of use was expanded to microelectronics and other miniaturised devices.

Cubical meshes is the pan-dimensional category that includes quads (2D) and hexes (3D). In 3D, 4-sided pyramids and 3-sided prisms appear in conformal meshes of mixed cell type.

Isaac Newton performed experiments with light and prisms, presenting his findings in the Opticks (1704) that white light consists of several colours and that these colours cannot be decomposed any further.

They are used for various outdoor activities such as birdwatching and other naturalist activities, for hunting and target shooting to verify a marksman's shot placements, for tactical ranging and surveillance, and for any other application that requires more magnification than a pair of binoculars, typically on the order of 20× to 60×. The light-gathering power and resolution of a spotting scope is determined by the diameter of the objective lens, typically between . The larger the objective, the more massive and expensive the telescope. The optical assembly has a small refracting objective lens, an image erecting system that uses either image erecting relay lenses or prisms (Porro prisms or roof prisms), and an eyepiece that is usually removable and interchangeable to give different magnifications.

The related truncated icosidodecahedral prism is constructed from two truncated icosidodecahedra connected by prisms, shown here in stereographic projection with some prisms hidden. The spherinder is related to the uniform prismatic polychora, which are cartesian product of a regular or semiregular polyhedron and a line segment. There are eighteen convex uniform prisms based on the Platonic and Archimedean solids (tetrahedral prism, truncated tetrahedral prism, cubic prism, cuboctahedral prism, octahedral prism, rhombicuboctahedral prism, truncated cubic prism, truncated octahedral prism, truncated cuboctahedral prism, snub cubic prism, dodecahedral prism, icosidodecahedral prism, icosahedral prism, truncated dodecahedral prism, rhombicosidodecahedral prism, truncated icosahedral prism, truncated icosidodecahedral prism, snub dodecahedral prism), plus an infinite family based on antiprisms, and another infinite family of uniform duoprisms, which are products of two regular polygons.

Tycho Brahe Planetarium building, Copenhagen, is an example of a truncated cylinder A solid circular cylinder can be seen as the limiting case of a -gonal prism where approaches infinity. The connection is very strong and many older texts treat prisms and cylinders simultaneously. Formulas for surface area and volume are derived from the corresponding formulas for prisms by using inscribed and circumscribed prisms and then letting the number of sides of the prism increase without bound. One reason for the early emphasis (and sometimes exclusive treatment) on circular cylinders is that a circular base is the only type of geometric figure for which this technique works with the use of only elementary considerations (no appeal to calculus or more advanced mathematics).

In the columnar structure, the units are similar to prisms and are bounded by flat or slightly rounded vertical faces. The tops of columns, in contrast to those of prisms, are very distinct and normally rounded. Columnar structure is common in the subsoil of sodium affected soils and soils rich in swelling clays such as the smectites and the kandite Halloysite. Columnar structure is very dense and it is very difficult for plant roots to penetrate these layers.

The accelerometers measured vehicle acceleration along the X, Y, and Z axes. Their outputs were used by the LVDC to measure actual vehicle motion, for the purpose of navigation. The pendulums were used to set the X axis exactly vertical, and the prisms were used to align the Y and Z axes, just before launch. The prisms reflected infrared beams sent into the ST-124 by a theodolite stationed 700 feet away from the launch pad.

They have objective lenses that are approximately in a line with the eyepieces. Roof- prisms designs create an instrument that is narrower and more compact than Porro prisms. There is also a difference in image brightness. Porro-prism binoculars will inherently produce a brighter image than Schmidt-Pechan roof- prism binoculars of the same magnification, objective size, and optical quality, because this roof-prism design employs silvered surfaces that reduce light transmission by 12% to 15%.

In 1965, Ross began creating prism sculptures—minimal geometrical objects as perceptual vessels that alter the perception of the environments that surround them. In 1980, he created his first site specific solar spectrum installation. These permanent environmental color and light installations are created by mounting large scale prisms in skylights and windows that project huge spectrums into the architecture. In 1992, Ross designed the prisms in the Harvard Business School's The Class of 1959 Chapel for architect Moshe Safdie.

In 1915, Porter returned to MIT as a professor of architecture. He worked for the National Bureau of Standards producing prisms and experimenting with the silvering of mirrors during World War I.

Coherent light must be split into two or more beams prior to being recombined in order to achieve interference. Typical methods for beam splitting are Lloyd´s mirrors, prisms and diffraction gratings.

The optical class is biaxial. Bonaccordite has an orthorhombic crystal system with a point group of 2/m 2/m 2/m. The crystals are structured as elongated prisms within another material.

Hand rotating gear > was also supplied. The clock weighs 5cwt., the rate of descent being 10 feet > per second. The clock will run for a period of approximately three hours > without rewinding...The optical apparatus consists of eight panels each > subtending a horizontal angle of 45 degrees. The vertical angle of the > lenses is 57 degrees, of the upper panels 48 degrees and the lower prisms 21 > degrees. The upper prisms in each panel number 18, the central lenses 8 and > the lower prisms 8. In one panel the lower prisms are omitted for > convenience in entering the apparatus...The pressure lamp is of the "Chance" > pattern, having a capacity of 12 gallons with suitable gearing. The four > burners (three to spare) are of the usual Trinity House old pattern. The > candle power of the 6 wick burners gives and average service result per > burner of 730 standard candles with 6 wicks in action. The consumption of > heavy mineral oil with six wicks in action is 80.3 fluid ounces per hour.

Whewell, 1857, pp. 355–6. At the end of that memoir, Fresnel predicted that one could use an analogous arrangement of prisms, without compression, to verify that optical rotation is a form of birefringence. If the prisms were cut from monocrystalline quartz with their optic axes aligned along the row, and with alternating directions of optical rotation, an object seen by looking along the common optic axis would give two images, which would seem unpolarized if viewed through an analyzer alone; but if viewed through a Fresnel rhomb, they would be polarized at ±45° to the plane of reflection (because they would initially be circularly polarized in opposite directions). In the memoir of December 1822, in which he introduced the term circular polarization, he reported that he had confirmed this prediction. To obtain a visible separation of the images, he needed only one 14°-152°-14° prism and two half-prisms; he merely remarked in passing that one could increase the separation by increasing the number of prisms.

Crystals are prismatic, bounded by {110} and {111} as well as {100} and {001}, and gonnardite also occurs as radial hemispheres. Commonly found as zoned prisms or aggregates with thomsonite, natrolite and paranatrolite.

In geometry, the octagonal prism is the sixth in an infinite set of prisms, formed by square sides and two regular octagon caps. If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron.

In some lenses, the curved surfaces are replaced with flat surfaces, with a different angle in each section. Such a lens can be regarded as an array of prisms arranged in a circular fashion, with steeper prisms on the edges, and a flat or slightly convex center. In the first (and largest) Fresnel lenses, each section was actually a separate prism. 'Single- piece' Fresnel lenses were later produced, being used for automobile headlamps, brake, parking, and turn signal lenses, and so on.

Light is shone onto the prisms at various angles, emphasising the metallic sheen of the thread. The exhibition space is otherwise dark, giving the illusion that the prisms continue infinitely upwards. The spatial diagram created by Ttéias (1979) is very similar to the sense of space and movement created in her earlier Tecelares series woodprints. Like Tecelares, the lines of Ttéias (1979) are made with simple materials, include geometric shapes, and create movement through the intersection of lines and the creation of space.

Lower jaw of Pyrotherium romeroi. The Pyrotherium's bilophodont molariform teeth were examined to determine their dental enamel type, using an electronic microscope to examine their prisms. Examinations showed that its enamel follows a strange keyhole pattern, also known as Boyde pattern, in which the prisms are densely clustered with no interprismatic matrix between them. This type of prism in the enamel is characteristic of pyrotheres and is not known in the other orders of native South American ungulates (xenungulates, astrapotheres, litopterns, and notoungulates).

Therefore, most Amici roof prisms are more appropriate for low power viewing or for use in spotting scopes for terrestrial rather than astronomical use. But with low-power usage with a rich field, the field can easily be compared with star charts as it is no mirror image. They are available in two types: with 90º angle, just like an ordinary star diagonal and with a 45º angle. Such prisms are often used in spotting scopes for terrestrial viewing, mostly with 45º angle.

Ligands can have varying affinities for binding across a particle. Differential binding within a particle can result in dissimilar growth across particle. This produces anisotropic particles with nonspherical shapes including prisms, cubes, and rods.

It was extended by Coquillart to a technique described as extended free-form deformation, which refines the hull object by introducing additional geometry or by using different hull objects such as cylinders and prisms.

The particles were regular parallelepipeds and elongated rectangular prisms. The color of colimaite is dark golden and opaque. The streak is a yellow green with a resinous to greasy luster. It is non-fluorescent.

Scolecite can therefore be distinguished from natrolite by an optical examination, since the acicular crystals do not extinguish parallel to their length between crossed nicol prisms. Twinning on the ortho-pinacoid is usually evident.

It is worthwhile to look out for it when sun dogs are visible, since the same type of ice crystals that cause them (plate- shaped hexagonal prisms in horizontal orientation) are responsible for the CZA.

Polarization rotation in the infrared has been known for much longer. (Johnston 1977) The polarization- transforming properties of dove prisms are of particular interest because they can influence the signal measurement of the scientific instrument.

The Notation sculptures consist of copper or bronze cubes or prisms set on marble or limestone and left outdoors to weather. Smaller indoor versions were assisted with ammonium chloride copper sulfate to prompt a bleed.

Programs typically involve eye exercises and the use of lenses, prisms, filters, occluders, specialized instruments, and computer programs. The course of therapy may last weeks to several years, with intermittent monitoring by the eye doctor.

B 60(1999)860 Ammann's name became that of the perennial second. It is acknowledged however that Robert Ammann first proposed the construction of rhombic prisms which is the three-dimensional model of Shechtman's quasicrystals.

The rear surface of the tile takes the form of an array of angled micro-prisms or spherical beads. The light striking the rear, inside surface of the prisms or beads, does so at an angle greater than the critical angle thus it undergoes total internal reflection. Due to the orientation of the other inside surfaces, any light internally reflecting is directed back out the front of the reflector in the direction it came from. This alerts the person close to the light source, e.g.

Later, he worked at Lindshammars Glasbruk, where he developed his sculptures to prisms of gemstone colors that played with light reflections and refractions in the glass. Edvin Öhrstrom won a contest for the decoration of Sergels torg in Stockholm, with a 37.5 metres high steel construction with 80 000 glass prisms, lit from within. This 130 tonnes heavy glass obelisk, Kristallvertikalaccent, is made from steel and covered with glass from Lindshammars Glasbruk and was inaugurated in 1974. The light source is four lamps inside the obelisk.

The tetrahemihexacron is the dual of the tetrahemihexahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. Since the hemipolyhedra have faces passing through the center, the dual figures have corresponding vertices at infinity; properly, on the real projective plane at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting prisms, each extending in both directions to the same vertex at infinity, in order to maintain symmetry. In practice the model prisms are cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker.

Importantly, the bottom edge of the prism must be roughly parallel to the ground in order to provide an accurate estimate on sloped ground. Wedge prisms can be difficult to use in wet conditions due to the effect water droplets have on the optical properties of the glass. Wedge prisms come in different colors such as clear or amber. The amber provides the same function as the clear wedge prism, only it reduces glare and is easier to use on overcast or cloudy days.

Levitt, 2013, p. 59.) Nor was Fresnel the first to suggest replacing a convex lens with a series of concentric annular prisms, to reduce weight and absorption. In 1748, Count Buffon proposed grinding such prisms as steps in a single piece of glass. In 1790 (although secondary sources give the date as 1773 or 1788), the Marquis de Condorcet suggested that it would be easier to make the annular sections separately and assemble them on a frame; but even that was impractical at the time.

Prisms or "field expanders" that bend light have been prescribed for decades in patients with hemianopsia. Higher power Fresnel ("stick-on") prisms are commonly employed because they are thin and lightweight, and can be cut and placed in different positions on a spectacle lens. Peripheral prism spectacles expand the visual field of patients with hemifield visual defects and have the potential to improve visual function and mobility.Bowers AR, Keeney K, Peli E. Community-based trial of a peripheral prism visual field expansion device for hemianopia.

A trichroic prism assembly Dichroic prism A dichroic prism is a prism that splits light into two beams of differing wavelength (colour). A trichroic prism assembly combines two dichroic prisms to split an image into 3 colours, typically as red, green and blue of the RGB colour model. They are usually constructed of one or more glass prisms with dichroic optical coatings that selectively reflect or transmit light depending on the light's wavelength. That is, certain surfaces within the prism act as dichroic filters.

The enamel is made up of small, round prisms (bundles of hydroxyapatite crystals) that are separated by large, continuous bands of interprismatic matrix (IPM; the material between the enamel prisms). FMNH PM 59520 is 9.8 mm high. It is similar in many respects to UA 8653, but is less curved and its occlusal surface contains a large infundibulum (funnel-shaped cavity), filled with cementum and surrounded by enamel that penetrates deeply into the tooth. There is also either a second infundibulum or a cementum-filled furrow.

Rodalquilarite is a rare iron tellurite chloride mineral with formula H3Fe3+2(Te4+O3)4Cl or Fe2(TeO2OH)3(TeO3)Cl. Rodalquilarite crystallizes in the triclinic system and typically occurs as stout green prisms and encrustations.

In geometry, the enneagonal prism (or nonagonal prism) is the seventh in an infinite set of prisms, formed by square sides and two regular enneagon caps. If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron.

The interior had prisms producing colored rays from the outside sunlight. The floor-to-ceiling colored glass walls were mosaic. All this had the effect of a large crystal producing a large variety of colors.Weston, p.

The Princeton International School of Mathematics and Science (PRISMS) is a coeducational, independent boarding and day school located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. It provides STEM education to high school students in ninth through twelfth grades. PRISMS students learn in small classes with faculty who have previous research experience, all experts in the fields. A two-year research requirement is part of the PRISMS core curriculum which provides students with opportunities to make personal and professional advancements before they attend college. As of the 2015-16 school year, the school had an enrollment of 65 students and 16.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 4.1:1. The school's student body was 81.5% Asian, 7.7% White, 4.6% Black, 1.5% Hispanic, 1.5% American Indian / Alaska Native and 3.1% two or more races.

As a final step, all three models' hexagonal prisms are warped into cylinders, reflecting the nature of the definition of hue and saturation or chroma. For full details and mathematical formalism, read the rest of this section.

Carpholite is a manganese silicate mineral with formula Mn2+Al2Si2O6(OH)4. It occurs as yellow clusters of slender prisms or needles. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system. The carpholite group includes ferrocarpholite, magnesiocarpholite, vanadiocarpholite, and potassiccarpholite.

Solid geometry was the traditional name for the geometry of three-dimensional Euclidean space. Stereometry deals with the measurements of volumes of various solid figures (three-dimensional figures) including pyramids, cylinders, cones, truncated cones, spheres, and prisms.

Later instruments used potassium bromide prisms to extend the range to 25 μm (400 cm−1) and caesium iodide 50 μm (200 cm−1). The region beyond 50 μm (200 cm−1) became known as the far-infrared region; at very long wavelengths it merges into the microwave region. Measurements in the far infrared needed the development of accurately ruled diffraction gratings to replace the prisms as dispersing elements, since salt crystals are opaque in this region. More sensitive detectors than the bolometer were required because of the low energy of the radiation.

The periscopic sights (the boxes on the side of the mount) allowed the trainer and pointer to see the target from inside the armored enclosure. Each sight had movable prisms that allowed its line of sight to be moved relative to the barrel's bore axis. These prisms could be controlled by the fire control system when the mount was in Automatic, or by the mount's sight setter operator when the mount was in Local. Local control was not the preferred combat method, but it could be used if the fire control systems were damaged.

The Prentice position The Prentice position is an orientation of a prism, used in optics, optometry and ophthalmology. In this position, named after the optician Charles F. Prentice, the prism is oriented such that light enters it at an angle of 90° to the first surface, so that the beam does not refract at that surface. All the deviation caused by the prism takes place at the exit surface. In ophthalmology, glass prisms were classically calibrated for use in the Prentice position, while plastic prisms were calibrated for use in the frontal position.

Abbe-Koenig "roof" prism design Binoculars with Schmidt-Pechan "roof" prisms Binoculars using roof prisms may have appeared as early as the 1870s in a design by Achille Victor Emile Daubresse.photodigital.net — rec.photo.equipment.misc Discussion: Achille Victor Emile Daubresse, forgotten prism inventor In 1897 Moritz Hensoldt began marketing roof prism binoculars. Most roof prism binoculars use either the Abbe-Koenig prism (named after Ernst Karl Abbe and Albert Koenig and patented by Carl Zeiss in 1905) or the Schmidt-Pechan prism (invented in 1899) designs to erect the image and fold the optical path.

In this case the dioptric prisms (inside the bronze rings) and catadioptric prisms (outside) are arranged to give a purely flashing light with four flashes per rotation. The assembly stands 2.54 metres tall and weighs about 1.5 tonnes. In late 1825,Elton, 2009, p. 200. to reduce the loss of light in the reflecting elements, Fresnel proposed to replace each mirror with a catadioptric prism, through which the light would travel by refraction through the first surface, then total internal reflection off the second surface, then refraction through the third surface.Levitt, 2013, pp. 79–80.

One common application of dichroic prisms is in some camcorders and high- quality digital cameras. A trichroic prism assembly is a combination of two dichroic prisms which are used to split an image into red, green, and blue components, which can be separately detected on three CCD arrays. A possible layout for the device is shown in the diagram. A light beam enters the first prism (A), and the blue component of the beam is reflected from a low-pass filter coating (F1) that reflects blue light (high-frequency), but transmits longer wavelengths (lower frequencies).

A prism diagonal uses either a simple 90-degree angle prism, pentaprism or an Amici roof prism rather than a mirror to bend the light path. On longer focal ratio telescopes a well-made 90-degree prism diagonal is the optimum choice to deliver the highest image contrast short of using the telescope without a diagonal entirely. However prisms seem to be falling out of favor probably due to marketing forces which have been favoring short focal length instruments which tend to function better with a mirror diagonal.Gary Hand, Diagonals; Prisms vs.

The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research has developed a solar energy research program focusing on how extremes of heat and cold in the desert can be mitigated through efficient storage of heat during the day for release at night. An adobe house was built with rational fenestration, small windows in the northern side and heat collecting concrete prisms in the windows of the south facing wall. The prisms are situated in the rooms. They absorb heat during the day and can be rotated to allow the heat to discharge into the rooms at night.

The great duoantiprism can be constructed from a nonuniform variant of the 10-10/3 duoprism (a duoprism of a decagon and a decagram) where the decagram's edge length is around 1.618 (golden ratio) times the edge length of the decagon via an alternation process. The decagonal prisms alternate into pentagonal antiprisms, the decagrammic prisms alternate into pentagrammic crossed-antiprisms with new regular tetrahedra created at the deleted vertices. This is the only uniform solution for the p-q duoantiprism aside from the regular 16-cell (as a 2-2 duoantiprism).

The double-Amici prism is a symmetric form of the more general triplet prism, in which the apex angles and glasses of the two outer elements may differ (see the figure at right). Although triplet prisms are rarely found in optical systems, their added degrees of freedom beyond the double-Amici design allow for improved dispersion linearity. The deviation angle of the triplet prism is obtained by concatenating the refraction equations at each interface:Nathan Hagen and Tomasz S. Tkaczyk, "Compound prism design principles, II: triplet and Janssen prisms," Appl. Opt. 50: 5012-5022 (2011).

The community’s arms might be described thus: Gules in chief three hexagonal prisms pointed at each end palewise in fess, in base a wheel spoked of six argent. Neuhütten belonged until 1803 to the Archbishopric of Mainz, to which the wheel (Wheel of Mainz) refers. The name Neuhütten itself refers to the glass works – Hütte can mean a mill of some kind in German – named in written sources as early as 1477. It is these to which the three glass prisms (not quartz crystals, apparently, their shape notwithstanding) refer.

There are 104 known convex uniform 5-polytopes, plus a number of infinite families of duoprism prisms, and polygon-polyhedron duoprisms. All except the grand antiprism prism are based on Wythoff constructions, reflection symmetry generated with Coxeter groups.

Light separated into a spectrum by refraction through glass prism. Colour dispersion angles exaggerated for visualisation. The history of spectroscopy began in the 17th century. New designs in optics, specifically prisms, enabled systematic observations of the solar spectrum.

A Dove prism. The path of a beam through a Dove prism. A Dove prism is a type of reflective prism which is used to invert an image. Dove prisms are shaped from a truncated right-angle prism.

The octagonal bipyramid is one of the infinite set of bipyramids, dual to the infinite prisms. If an octagonal bipyramid is to be face-transitive, all faces must be isosceles triangles. 16-sided dice are often octagonal bipyramids.

The maximal cross-section of the runcinated 5-cell with a 3-dimensional hyperplane is a cuboctahedron. This cross-section divides the runcinated 5-cell into two tetrahedral hypercupolae consisting of 5 tetrahedra and 10 triangular prisms each.

The club "Disco Queen" in chapters 18, 19, and 21 of the rugby manga No Side volume 3, pp. 32–3, 35, 66–68, 111–123. . by PRISMS: The Ultimate Manga Guide, No Side. Accessed 10 August 2008.

Crystals occur as either prisms or thin flakes with a hexagonal outline. Parascorodite dissolves slowly in 10% hydrochloric acid (HCl). In water, it will disintegrate rapidly into a powder. Under hydrothermal conditions parascorodite can re-crystallize back to scorodite.

Phenylhydrazine forms monoclinic prisms that melt to an oil around room temperature which may turn yellow to dark red upon exposure to air. Phenylhydrazine is miscible with ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform and benzene. It is sparingly soluble in water.

John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken. . Crystals have the form of hexagonal prisms terminated by rhombohedral planes: there are distinct cleavages parallel to the prism-faces and to the base. Granular and cleavage masses are of more common occurrence.

Inexpensive cube polarizers are formed by cementing two right angle prisms together. The glue does not stand up well to high powers — the intensity should be kept under 500 mW/mm2. Single-element polarizers are recommended for high powers.

In geometry, the hendecagonal prism is one in an infinite set of convex prisms formed by square sides and two regular polygon caps, in this case two hendecagons. So, it has 2 hendecagons and 11 squares as its faces.

Several My Drug Hell songs have been recorded by other artists including, "Don't Say Goodbye" (Lilys), "Girl at the Bus Stop" (Lida Husik, Kiesgroup, Mr Pink), "Garden Party" (Jason and The Prisms), "Simply Years Ahead", "Smear Campaign" (The Blofelds).

Leifite is generally white or colourless, with a white streak and a silky or vitreous lustre. It occurs as fine needles making up radiating aggregates and rosettes. Individual crystals are deeply striated hexagonal prisms that are transparent to translucent.

Sabinaite (Na4Zr2TiO4(CO3)4) is a rare carbonate mineral. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system as colorless to white prisms within cavities. It is more typically found as powdery coatings and masses. It has a specific gravity of 3.36.

Picropharmacolite is usually found as small to microscopic pearly white botryoidal aggregates with a radiating foliated structure internally. Less commonly it occurs as silky fibrous aggregates or minute needle-like crystals, that are rectangular prisms elongated along the c axis.

997-998 Another notable premiere by the society was Olivier Messiaen's Chants de terre et de ciel, under the title Prisms, on 23 January 1939. Other composers who had their works premiered by the society were Bartók and Paul Hindemith.

This minor planet was named "Prisma" (prism) in honour of the Bergedorf Spectral Catalogue (), as prisms are one method of obtaining spectra. The official naming citation was also published in Paul Herget's The Names of the Minor Planets in 1955 ().

Sylvite was first described in 1832 at Mt. Vesuvius near Napoli in Italy and named for the Dutch chemist, François Sylvius de le Boe (1614–1672). Sylvite, along with quartz, fluorite and halite, is used for spectroscopic prisms and lenses.

The third and final phase involves the restoration of the lantern machinery and mechanism. This includes the lantern's housing and gas prisms. This last phase took 5 years to be completed. The restoration was being sponsored by the Malta Maritime Authority.

153–154 as in all myomorph rodents.Kalthoff, 2000, p. 16 The PE consists of radial enamel, with flattened prisms that are almost parallel to the junction between the enamel and the dentine.Weiss and Malabarba, 2005, pp. 153–154; Kalthoff, 2000, p.

FP, M, and X flash synchronisation was supported. It had a three-position viewfinder with rotating prisms, which could be set to 35mm, 50mm and RF. In the RF setting, accessory shoe-mounted viewfinders with automatic parallax correction would be used.

In Feb 1764 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. Natural history was not the only field which interested him. He conducted experiments on electricity, colours, and optics. He remains famous for his manufacture of prisms and lenses.

Diethyl oxomalonate is a greenish-yellow, low- viscosity, low-odor oil that rapidly forms the dihydrate and crystallizes with water in shape of white prisms. The refractive index is 1.425 (20 °C, 589 nm) to 1.4310 (22 °C, 589 nm).

One section of the Azat, where it meets River Goght, is particularly fascinating. It is a canyon known as Canyon of Garni. The canyon's formation is so unique that it almost looks artificial. The canyon is composed of regular hexagonal prisms.

Polarized 3-D projection was demonstrated experimentally in the 1890s. The projectors used Nicol Prisms for polarization. Packs of thin glass sheets, angled so as to reflect away light of the unwanted polarity, served as the viewing filters.Zone, Ray (2007).

Marialite has tetragonal crystallography and a 4/m crystal class. It has a 4 fold rotation with 90° mirror planes. Crystals are usually prismatic with prominent forms of prisms and dipyramids.Johnsen, O. (2000) Photographic Guide to Minerals of the World.

At the Gazelli Art House in London,Brown displayed her body in a gallery window, suspended by rope from the ceiling for her piece Rainbow Body Performance. Crystal prisms dangled from her suspended body creating rainbow reflections around the gallery space.

The school is an International Baccalaureate school with an Advanced Placement program. The school newspaper is The Nest (published online, it replaced the longtime print newspaper The Patroon, in 2012), the literary magazine is Inkblot, and the yearbook is Prisms.

Manganvesuvianite crystals occur as long prisms up to .Armbruster 2002, p. 138. Small crystals are transparent and red to lilac in color; large crystals are opaque and nearly black in color with dark-red internal reflections.Armbruster 2002, pp. 138–9.

Basaltic Prisms of Santa María Regla, in 2013 The Basaltic Prisms of Santa María Regla are tall columnar joints of basalt rock near Huasca de Ocampo in the Mexican state of Hidalgo, that line a ravine through which water runs from the San Antonio Dam. This ravine area was part of the Santa María Regla Hacienda and was first promoted by Alexander von Humboldt in 1803. The canyon walls, called the Barranca de Santa María Regla, are lined by polygonal columns between high, with five or six sides each. The basalt columns were created by the slow cooling of volcanic lava.

The symptoms of ocular MG can also be addressed by non-medicinal means. Ptosis can be corrected with placement of crutches on eyeglasses and with ptosis tape to elevate eyelid droop. Diplopia can be addressed by occlusion with eye patching, frosted lens, occluding contact lens, or by simply placing opaque tape over a portion of eyeglasses. Also, plastic prisms (Fresnel prisms) can be attached to eyeglasses of a diplopic patient, allowing for alignment of vision from both eyes in the affected direction, but are often problematic if the degree of muscle weakness, and therefore ocular misalignment, fluctuates frequently.

A stereoscopic rangefinder uses two eyepieces and relies on the operator's visual cortex to merge the two images into a single picture. A reference mark is separately inserted into each eyepiece. The operator first adjusts the direction of the range finder so that the fixed mark is centered on the target, and then the prisms are rotated until the mark appears to overlap in the operator's combined view.Naval Ordnance and Gunnery - Volume 2, Fire Control, Chapter-16-F: Rangefinders, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1958 The range to the target is proportional to the degree of rotation of the prisms.

A deck prism is a prism inserted into the deck of a ship to provide light down below. Group of original deck prisms For centuries, sailing ships used deck prisms to provide a safe source of natural sunlight to illuminate areas below decks. Before electricity, light below a vessel's deck was provided by candles, oil and kerosene lamps—all dangerous aboard a wooden ship. The deck prism laid flush into the deck, the glass prism refracted and dispersed natural light into the space below from a small deck opening without weakening the planks or becoming a fire hazard.

At the end of a memoir on stress-induced birefringence read in September 1822, Fresnel proposed an experiment, involving a Fresnel rhomb, for the purpose of verifying that optical rotation is a form of birefringence. This experiment, like the one he had just performed on stress-induced birefringence, required a row of prisms with their refracting angles in alternating directions, with two half-prisms at the ends, making the whole assembly rectangular. Fresnel predicted that if the prisms were cut from monocrystalline quartz with their optic axes aligned along the row, and with alternating directions of optical rotation, an object seen by looking along the common optic axis would give two images, which would seem unpolarized if viewed through an analyzer alone; but if viewed through a Fresnel rhomb, they would be polarized at ±45° to the plane of reflection. Confirmation of this prediction was reported in a memoir submitted in December 1822, in which Fresnel coined the terms linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization.

The main floor of the building contains four storefronts lined, each with floor-to-ceiling windows topped with a transom of Luxfer prisms, which scatter incoming light. The second and third floors were originally office space, but have been converted to apartments.

Sketch of an Abbe refractometer with temperature-controlled prisms An Abbe refractometer, manufactured by Zeiss around 1920. Note that the thermometer is not attached. An Abbe refractometer is a bench-top device for the high- precision measurement of an index of refraction.

In geometry, a decagonal bipyramid is one of the infinite set of bipyramids, dual to the infinite prisms. If a decagonal bipyramid is to be face- transitive, all faces must be isosceles triangles. It is an icosahedron, but not the regular one.

This oxygenated alkaloid was isolated by Wertheim from C. maculatum. It crystallises in colourless leaflets, has a coniine-like odour, can be sublimed, and is strongly basic. It crystallises readily from ether. The salts are crystalline; the aurichloride small rhombs or prisms, mp.

Represented by a couple of teeth, this genus was originally assigned to Eucosmodontidae. Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001, p. 406) refer it to Neoplagiaulacidae on the basis of its possession of microprismatic enamel, i.e. the tooth enamel is built up from small prisms.

Both styloids and raphides can contain barbs and are important defense mechanisms. Prisms are multifaceted crystal formations that assist pollen function. Sand are fine, grainy crystals. The most common substance for crystal is calcium oxalate, a common product from calcium abundance in plants.

The crystalline form is produced by adding the green oxide in small quantities to fused sodium chloride, or by dissolving the amorphous form in fused sodium chloride, and allowing crystallization to take place. It yields reddish-yellow to greenish-yellow prisms or leaflets.

Enargite is a copper arsenic sulfosalt mineral with formula Cu3AsS4. It takes its name from the Greek word , "distinct". Enargite is a steel gray, blackish gray, to violet black mineral with metallic luster. It forms slender orthorhombic prisms as well as massive aggregates.

The maximal cross-section of the stericated hexateron with a 4-dimensional hyperplane is a runcinated 5-cell. This cross- section divides the stericated hexateron into two pentachoral hypercupolas consisting of 6 5-cells, 15 tetrahedral prisms and 10 3-3 duoprisms each.

Thermals are seen elsewhere in the solar system. On Mars, for example, thermals are often seen in the form of dust devils, viewed from the Martian rovers and orbiters. Thermals are also seen on the sun, typically forming hexagonal prisms (Bénard cells).

After experimenting since 1984, in 1991 Hubert Dolezal procured an US patent for comfortable light weight upside down goggles.US Patent 5,042,910 "Prismatic image transposing optical system" Modern upside down goggles consist of two prisms fixed onto a comfortable ski mask-like base.

The Krimsky test is essentially the Hirschberg test, but with prisms employed to quantitate deviation of ocular misalignment by determining how much prism is required to centre the reflex The Krimsky test is advisably used for patients with tropias, but not with phorias.

Many cultures have different systems of norms and beliefs based on gender, but there is no universal standard to a masculine or feminine role across all cultures.Spade, J., Valentine, C. (2011). The kaleidoscope of gender: prisms, patterns, and possibilities. Pine Forge Press.

In the quartz geodes the habit of quartz is hexagonal- pyramidal but can show occasional bipyramids. Druses in baryte can be clad with gypsum. Apple green pyromorphite occurs forming hexagonal prisms. The mineralisation is due to hydrothermal circulation in the temperature range 150 – 300 °C.

The internal structure of a Reflecting monochromator using a single prism.The yellow line indicates the path of light. Prisms have higher dispersion in the UV region. Prism monochromators are favored in some instruments that are principally designed to work in the far UV region.

The heptagonal bipyramid is one of the infinite set of bipyramids, dual to the infinite prisms. If an heptagonal bipyramid is to be face-transitive, all faces must be isosceles triangles.The resulting solid has 14 triangular faces, 9 vertices and 21 edges.Heptagonal Dipyramid dmccooey.

Journal of Chromatography A, volume 867, pp. 143–149. This compound is unusual in containing stable geminal hydroxy groups. Dihydroxymalonic acid is a water-soluble white solid. It crystallizes in deliquescent prisms that melt between 113 °C and 121 °C without loss of water.

Additionally they show that the ply of a planar cover may be arbitrarily large. They are not the only covers involving prisms: for instance, the hexagonal prism can also cover a non-planar graph, the utility graph K3,3, by identifying antipodal pairs of vertices.

In 2010 Pentax introduced a digital version of the 645, the 645D, with a Kodak-built 44X33 sensor. Pentax Medium Format 6×7 SLR from the 1980s. Used 120/220 roll film and featured an electronically timed focal plane shutter and interchangeable lenses and prisms.

Diglycolic acid is readily water soluble and crystallizes from water in monoclinic prisms as a white, odorless solid. At an air humidity of more than 72% and 25 °C the monohydrate is formed. The commercial product is the anhydrous form as a free-flowing flakes.

Its new system used two prisms set at angles to an anamorphic 70 mm camera lens to reduce the "anamorphic mumps" effect.Ward, p. 96. This not only solved the problem, but led to a less clumsy, more easily focused camera that required less light.Samuelson, p.

If a correctly arranged stereogram or autostereogram is viewed with crossed eyes, then the depicted objects will appear smaller than if it is viewed with eyes diverged or parallel. Convergence micropsia could also occur if one looked at the world through base-out prisms.

Many variations are possible: collimation can be done with concave mirrors, dispersion can be achieved with glass prisms, and scanning can be achieved with fixed slits and spinning square prisms. Because they are large (usually more than 3 meters long) and delicate, spectrohelioscopes are usually fixed, with moving mirrors to track the Sun The basic spectrohelioscope is a complex machine that uses a spectroscope to scan the surface of the Sun. The image from the objective lens is focused on a narrow slit revealing only a thin portion of the Sun's surface. The light is then passed through a prism or diffraction grating to spread the light into a spectrum.

Bridge to Everywhere began as a recording project by composer Derrick Spiva on Orenda Records in 2015. Bridge to Everywhere released its first commercial album Prisms, Cycles, Leaps in September of 2015, in conjunction with the world premiere of the Spiva’s orchestral work, Prisms, Cycles, Leaps, by the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra. The group became a more formalized performing ensemble and arts organization in 2016, with a debut performance at Theatre Raymond Kabbaz in 2017. Bridge to Everywhere has performed at venues such as the Eagle Rock Music Festival, Miles Memorial Playhouse, The York Manor, Brand Library and Art Center, and Boston Court Pasadena.

Petrography as a science began in 1828 when Scottish physicist William Nicol invented the technique for producing polarized light by cutting a crystal of Iceland spar, a variety of calcite, into a special prism which became known as the Nicol prism. The addition of two such prisms to the ordinary microscope converted the instrument into a polarizing, or petrographic microscope. Using transmitted light and Nicol prisms, it was possible to determine the internal crystallographic character of very tiny mineral grains, greatly advancing the knowledge of a rock's constituents. During the 1840s, a development by Henry C. Sorby and others firmly laid the foundation of petrography.

Porro prisms are most often used in pairs, forming a double Porro prism. A second prism rotated 90° with respect to the first, is placed such that light will traverse both prisms. The net effect of the prism system is a beam parallel to but displaced from its original direction, with the image rotated 180°. Double Porro prism systems are used in small optical telescopes to re-orient an inverted image (an arrangement is known as an image erection system), and especially in many binoculars where they both erect the image and provide a longer, folded distance between the objective lenses and the eyepieces.

Chromatic polarization in a plastic protractor, caused by stress-induced birefringence. In 1815, Brewster reported that colors appear when a slice of isotropic material, placed between crossed polarizers, is mechanically stressed. Brewster himself immediately and correctly attributed this phenomenon to stress-induced birefringence — now known as photoelasticity. In a memoir read in September 1822, Fresnel announced that he had verified Brewster's diagnosis more directly, by compressing a combination of glass prisms so severely that one could actually see a double image through it. In his experiment, Fresnel lined up seven 45°-90°-45° prisms, short side to short side, with their 90° angles pointing in alternating directions.

Nikon F2 Photomic and interchangeable pentaprism The Nikon F, was delivered since 1962 with various pentaprism metering heads.Nikon F - Nikon F Metering Prisms and Meters Mir The Photomic series of prisms, which was initially designed with a direct coupled-metering CdS photocell (2 models were produced). The Photomic prism head later evolved to include the Photomic T with TTL in 1965, a behind-the-lens metering prism head which metered an averaging pattern of the focusing screen. The later center-area reading Photomic Tn, concentrated 60% of its sensitivity in the central portion of the focusing screen and the remaining 40% for the outlying screen area.

The refractive index of a given sample varies with wavelength for all materials. This dispersion relation is nonlinear and is characteristic for every material. In the visible range, a decrease of the refractive index comes with increasing wavelength. In glass prisms very little absorption is observable.

However it is often chosen so that both the incoming and outgoing light rays hit the surface at around the Brewster angle; beyond the Brewster angle reflection losses increase greatly. Most frequently, dispersive prisms are equilateral (apex angle of 60 degrees) where this is approximately the case.

Double prism as used in surveying. A double prism is a device to measure right angles, consisting of two five sided prisms stacked on top of each other and a plumb-bob. It is used to stake out right angles, for example on a construction site.

These spectral colors are repeated in the colors of the windows. As the rotation of the earth makes the sun appear to travel in its daily arc, the patterns of colors cast by the window and the prisms slowly changes position with the changing position of the sun.

The Hia protein is a TAA found on the outer membrane of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. It adheres to the respiratory epithelium in humans. This protein can cause pneumonia and some strains cause meningitis and sepsis. Hia has a slightly unusual N-terminal head made of beta-prisms.

One of Pezzani's most recent projects is "Magnetica": the research consists in putting on a magnet rotating at a steady speed, paper prisms or small objects made of glass or plastic which give the illusion of three-dimensional shapes thanks to the long exposure time of the camera.

Jaywalking is not illegal in Mexico. However, on the Paseo de la Reforma, one of Mexico City's longest and most important avenues, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, then the city's mayor, commissioned the installation of concrete prisms along the avenue's central kerb, to discourage pedestrians from crossing the road.

In 2005, Tull published When I Was Funny, which is a French comedy set in New York. In 2007, Douce France appeared, a social novel about administrative detention centers. In 2008, Tull released Domination. It is about power politics in the publishing world through the prisms of identity.

The structure of the faujasite frameworkStructure of aluminosilicate cage in faujesite. Vertices are occupied by aluminium or silicon, the connecting struts are occupied by oxides.The faujasite framework has been attribute the FAU code by the International Zeolite Association. It consists of sodalite cages which are connected through hexagonal prisms.

Triforium is a 60-foot high, concrete public art sculpture mounted with 1,494 Venetian glass prisms, light bulbs, and an internal 79-bell carillon located at Fletcher Bowron Square in the Los Angeles Mall at Temple and Main streets in the Civic Center district of Downtown Los Angeles.

The solar physics cabinet is situated in the grounds of the observatory. It was designed and built in 1965 by Diedrich Wattenberg and Erwin Rolf. A coelostat redirects the light from the Sun into the building. The sunlight is optionally dispersed into the spectral colours through four 60° prisms.

Objects viewed through it appear inside out, for example: a box on a floor would appear as a box shaped hole in the floor. It typically uses sets of optical prisms, or periscopically arranged mirrors to swap the view of the left eye with that of the right eye.

Bonaccordite is a rare mineral discovered in 1974. Its chemical formula is Ni2FeBO5 and it is a mineral of the ludwigite group. It usually crystallizes in long, cylindrical prisms that form within another source. It is named after the area of Bon Accord, where it was first found.

The basalt formations are situated in three neighboring valleys. The vertically-jointed basalt columns are in polygonal form as rectangular, pentagonal and hexagonal prisms, and are high. It covers an area of . The formation, structure, and the outlook of the basalt rocks are rare examples in the world.

Izaakson, Jen. (12 August 2017)‘Kill All Normies’ skewers online identity politics Feminist Current. Retrieved 23 November 2018. In 2014, Fisher published Ghosts of My Life: Writings on Depression, Hauntology and Lost Futures, a collection of essays on similar themes viewed through the prisms of music, film, and hauntology.

This avoids unwanted interference effects in the hologram. Brewster angle prisms are used in laser physics. The polarized laser light enters the prism at Brewster's angle without any reflective losses. In surface science, Brewster angle microscopes are used in imaging layers of particles or molecules at air-liquid interfaces.

Chandelier in the Hôtel de Bourvallais (Paris) A chandelier (; also known as girandole, candelabra lamp, or least commonly suspended lights) is a branched ornamental light fixture designed to be mounted on ceilingsFor Lower Ceilings”, KRM Light+ or walls. Chandeliers are often ornate, and normally use incandescent light bulbs, though some modern designs also use fluorescent lamps and recently LEDs. Chandeliers in a large billiard hall. Classic chandeliers have arrays of hanging crystal prisms to illuminate a room with refracted light, while contemporary chandeliers assume a more minimalist design that does not contain prisms and illuminate a room with direct light from the lamps, sometimes also equipped with translucent glass covering each lamp.

Smith enhanced the geometrical solution of four triangular prisms by adding another joint, resulting in a new form with seven triangular prisms enclosing two tetrahedra. After some time passed, he decided that the resulting form was something other than a design exercise, so titled it Throne because the symmetrical abstraction reminded him of the dense volume of an African beaded throne. Smith joined the faculty at Bennington College, Vermont. In 1960 a class project investigating close-packed cells based on D'Arcy Thompson's book Growth & Form (1918) sparked Smith's search for artistic inspiration in the natural world. The resulting agglomeration of 14-sided tetrakaidecahedrons, the ideally efficient soap-bubble cell, is known as the Bennington Structure.

Snow crystals in strong direct sunlight act like small prisms Although ice by itself is clear, snow usually appears white in color due to diffuse reflection of the whole spectrum of light by the scattering of light by the small crystal facets of the snowflakes of which it is comprised.

The refractive, reflective and transmission properties of glass make glass suitable for manufacturing optical lenses, prisms, and optoelectronics materials. Extruded glass fibres have application as optical fibres in communications networks, thermal insulating material when matted as glass wool so as to trap air, or in glass-fibre reinforced plastic (fibreglass).

Partial skeletons and even complete fossilized remains have been discovered. Estimates suggest that sharks grow tens of thousands of teeth over a lifetime, which explains the abundant fossils. The teeth consist of easily fossilized calcium phosphate, an apatite. When a shark dies, the decomposing skeleton breaks up, scattering the apatite prisms.

This is attained by using bending prisms with electronic angular measurement technology. The principle is easy, but smart: While bending two flat bolds supporting the material turn around. The bolds are directly connected to the angular sensors. A computer or rather the machine control then calculates the required final stroke.

Low order aberrations include Myopia (positive defocus), hyperopia (negative defocus), and regular astigmatism. Other lower-order aberrations are non- visually significant aberrations known as first order aberrations, such as prisms and zero-order aberrations (piston). Low order aberrations account for approximately 90% of the overall wave aberration in the eye.

It is in diameter. The lens has four panels, with five elements in each panel of the central drum, and five prisms on each panel above the central drum and two below. It was held in place by a cast-iron pedestal. The original light was colored by a red chimney.

Sellaite is a magnesium fluoride mineral with the formula MgF2. It crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system typically as clear to white vitreous prisms. It may be fibrous and occur as radiating aggregates. It has a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6 and a specific gravity of 2.97 to 3.15.

An undated marginal note indicates that the two coupled prisms were later replaced by a single "parallelepiped in glass"—now known as a Fresnel rhomb. This was the memoir whose "supplement", dated January 1818, contained the method of superposing sinusoidal functions and the restatement of Malus's law in terms of amplitudes.

This second reflection in the lower prism happens at less than the critical angle, therefore the Schmidt–Pechan prism requires a reflective coating for this surface to be usable in practice. This is unlike other roof prisms, like the Abbe–Koenig prism, which use total internal reflection on all reflective surfaces.

Figure 2. Geometry of a prism compressor Figure 3. Effective pathlength for a prism compressor with A = 100 mm, θ = 55°, and α = 10°. The colors correspond to different values of B, where B = 67.6 mm means that the beam barely hits the tips of both prisms at refractive index 1.6.

There is an infinite series of convex uniform antiprismatic prisms, starting with the digonal antiprismatic prism is a tetrahedral prism, with two of the tetrahedral cells degenerated into squares. The triangular antiprismatic prism is the first nondegenerate form, which is also an octahedral prism. The remainder are unique uniform 4-polytopes.

Bending prisms with electronic angular measurement technology are equipped with two flattened bending bolds. That bold rotate while bending giving a signal to the angle measurement. The measuring accuracy is about 0.1º. The computer then calculates the required final stroke and spring back of every bend is compensated regardless of material type.

An antiprism graph is a special case of a circulant graph, Ci2n(2,1). Other infinite sequences of polyhedral graph formed in a similar way from polyhedra with regular-polygon bases include the prism graphs (graphs of prisms) and wheel graphs (graphs of pyramids). Other vertex-transitive polyhedral graphs include the Archimedean graphs.

The church is housed in the central building of the fortress, "the last stand", on the second floor above the Fortress Museum. The church was once intended as an assembly hall for the Riksdag in times of troubles. A chandelier composed of 276 bayonets instead of crystal prisms hangs from the ceiling.

Polyteichus is a genus of bryozoans of the order Trepostomata. They are spherical, semi-spherical or disc shaped, with 3 or 4 radiating lobes, being 2–5 cm in diameter. The zooecia are shaped as wide prisms. Representatives of this genus have been found in the Upper Ordovician of the Czech Republic.

Trigonelline crystallizes as a monohydrate from alcohol in hygroscopic prisms (m.p. 130 °C or 218 °C [dry, dec.]). It is readily soluble in water or warm alcohol, less so in cold alcohol, and slightly so in chloroform or ether. The salts crystallize well, the monohydrochloride, in leaflets, sparingly soluble in dry alcohol.

Ammonium heptamolybdate is easily prepared by dissolving molybdenum trioxide in an excess of aqueous ammonia and evaporating the solution at room temperature. While the solution evaporates, the excess of ammonia escapes. This method results in the formation of six-sided transparent prisms of the tetrahydrate of ammonium heptamolybdate.L. Svanberg & H. Struve, J. pr.

The salts are crystalline, but usually deliquescent: the hydrochloride, arecoline•HCl, forms needles, m.p. 158 °C; the hydrobromide, arecoline•HBr, forms slender prisms, mp. 177–179 °C from hot alcohol; the aurichloride, arecoline•HAuCl4, is an oil, but the platinichloride, arecoline2•H2PtCl6, mp. 176 °C, crystallizes from water in orange-red rhombohedrons.

Scawtite is a hydrous calcium silicate mineral with carbonate, formula: Ca7(Si3O9)2CO3·2H2O. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system as thin plates or flat prisms. Scawtite was first described in 1929 for an occurrence at Scawt Hill in Northern Ireland. Scawtite occurs as in skarns and hydrothermal veins in limestone.

When two Risley prisms are rotated against each other, a beam of light can be scanned at will inside a cone. Such scanners are used for tracking missiles. When two optical lenses are moved or rotated against each other, a laser beam can be scanned in a way similar to mirror scanners.

Creedite is a calcium aluminium sulfate fluoro hydroxide mineral with formula: Ca3Al2SO4(F,OH)10·2(H2O). Creedite forms colorless to white to purple monoclinic prismatic crystals. It often occurs as acicular radiating sprays of fine prisms. It is translucent to transparent with indices of refraction of nα = 1.461 nβ = 1.478 nγ = 1.485.

Although not a cure for strabismus, prism lenses can also be used to provide some temporary comfort and to prevent double vision from occurring. Glasses affect the position by changing the person's reaction to focusing. Prisms change the way light, and therefore images, strike the eye, simulating a change in the eye position.

Since the phase velocity is lower in the second medium (v2 < v1), the angle of refraction θ2 is less than the angle of incidence θ1; that is, the ray in the higher-index medium is closer to the normal. Optical prisms and lenses use refraction to redirect light, as does the human eye.

Patient studies revealed the connection between the inferior olivary nucleus (ION) and the cerebellum. Lesions in the ION impair the ability to learn higher level motility, such as performing a perfect jumpshot.Martin TA, Keating JG, Goodkin HP, Bastian AJ, Thach WT. Throwing while looking through prisms. I. Focal olivocerebellar lesions impair adaptation.

Solarized pendant prisms, showing a gradient in the solarization. The glass in many old pavement lights is now either purple or straw-colored. This is a side-effect of the manufacturing process. Pure silica glass is transparent, but older glass manufacture often used silica from sand, which contains iron and other impurities.

Inside the ecological reserve stands the Sculptural Space. It is a big round natural solidified lava bed surrounded by many white triangular prisms that seem to radiate from its center, a bit like a sunflower. There are many big and colorful metallic sculptures made by contemporary artists surrounding this area, hence its name.

To please Michiru, Shuta agrees to put up prisms in the lab's windows to create a rainbow effect. A passing basketball team member, annoyed that Shuta didn't come to practice with the team, hits him with a ball and Shuta is suddenly sent back to the morning of December 20, 2012. He gets to the school to meet with Professor. Matsudo, his eccentric former science teacher, and discovers that the future has been altered slightly, because Matsudo now remembers the prisms in the window.. On the third time he goes back in time, Shuta goes again to the school and sees a shamanistic ritual through a window that is supposed to summon Kyoko, the spirit of a girl who committed suicide there.

The parts of a CCD scanner, like a FDL, Quadra, Shadow and SDC 2k-4k: (A) light source; (B) film plane; (C) & (D) prisms and/or dichroic mirrors; (E),(F) & (G) red-, green- and blue-sensitive CCDs. The Spirit DataCine opened the door to the technology of digital intermediates, wherein telecine tools were not just used for video outputs, but could now be used for high-resolution data that would later be recorded back out to film. The DFT Digital Film Technology, formerly Grass Valley Spirit 4K/2K/HD (2004) replaced the Spirit 2000 Datacine and uses both 2K and 4k line array CCDs. The SDC-2000 did not use a color prisms and/or dichroic mirrors, color separation was done in the CCD.

Such everyday instruments as forks, spoons, knives, brushes, cups, prisms and rolling pins were used. Each of the frames was created one at a time. This painstaking technique demands a lot of attention and ingenuity. The only follower of Alexeieff, Jacques Drouin, of the Canadian Film Board has made several films using this technique.

In a forest somewhere outside the city, the protagonist meets a woman and they have sex. After, he tells her that he has "lost something"—he cannot remember his name. She leads him to a cave and tells him to enter. Inside, he finds long loops of chain fitted with miniature prisms, mirrors, and lenses.

SUSAT is constructed from a one-piece, pressure die-cast, aluminium body, into which the eyepiece, objective lens and prisms are fitted as assemblies. The SUSAT sight was developed in the United Kingdom by Royal Armament Research Development Establishment (RARDE) and is manufactured by United Scientific Instruments and Avimo, now known as Thales Optics.

Two more types of tetrahedron generalize the disphenoid and have similar names. The digonal disphenoid has faces with two different shapes, both isosceles triangles, with two faces of each shape. The phyllic disphenoid similarly has faces with two shapes of scalene triangles. Disphenoids can also be seen as digonal antiprisms or as alternated quadrilateral prisms.

Ruizite from Arizona Ruizite is translucent and orange to red- brown in color with an apricot yellow streak. The mineral occurs as euhedral prisms up to or as radial clusters of acicular (needle-like) crystals. Ruizite is common at the Christmas mine. The mineral is known from Arizona, Pennsylvania, and Northern Cape Province, South Africa.

Porro prism designs have the added benefit of folding the optical path so that the physical length of the binoculars is less than the focal length of the objective. Porro prism binoculars were made in such a way to erect an image in a small space, thus binoculars using prisms started in this way.

Hunter-Schreger bands, commonly abbreviated as HSB, are features of the enamel of the teeth in mammals, mostly placentals.Line and Bergqvist, 2005, p. 924 In HSB, enamel prisms are arranged in layers of varying thickness at about right angles to each other. HSB strengthen the enamel and prevent cracks from propagating through the tooth.

Buchwald, 1989, pp.230–31; Fresnel, 1866, p.744. In the experiment, the Fresnel rhomb revealed that the two images were circularly polarized in opposite directions, and the separation of the images showed that the different (circular) polarizations propagated at different speeds. To obtain a visible separation, Fresnel needed only one 14°-152°-14° prism and two half-prisms.

The Puerto Rico Trench There are several factors that control the depth of trenches. The most important control is the supply of sediment, which fills the trench so that there is no bathymetric expression. It is therefore not surprising that the deepest trenches (deeper than ) are all nonaccretionary. In contrast, all trenches with growing accretionary prisms are shallower than .

Ulrichite is a rare green uranium phosphate mineral (CaCu(UO2)[PO4]2·4H2O).Mindat It crystallizes as monoclinic prisms which occur as apple green acicular radiating clusters. It is radioactive and exhibits strong yellow fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation. Ulrichite was first described in 1988 for samples from the Lake Boga granite quarry, Lake Boga, Victoria, Australia.

In the prismatic structure, the individual units are bounded by flat to rounded vertical faces. Units are distinctly longer vertically, and the faces are typically casts or molds of adjoining units. Vertices are angular or subrounded; the tops of the prisms are somewhat indistinct and normally flat. Prismatic structures are characteristic of the B horizons or subsoils.

Beam expanders are optical devices that take a collimated beam of light and expand its size (or, used in reverse, reduce its size). In laser physics they are used either as intracavity or extracavity elements. They can be telescopic in nature or prismatic. Generally prismatic beam expanders use several prisms and are known as multiple-prism beam expanders.

Long-pulse tunable laser oscillator utilizing a multiple-prism beam expanderF. J. Duarte, T. S. Taylor, A. Costela, I. Garcia-Moreno, and R. Sastre, Long- pulse narrow-linewidth dispersive solid-state dye laser oscillator,Appl. Opt. 37, 3987–3989 (1998). Multiple-prism beam expanders usually deploy two to five prisms to yield large one-dimensional beam expansion factors.

Three-dimensional meshes created for finite element analysis need to consist of tetrahedra, pyramids, prisms or hexahedra. Those used for the finite volume method can consist of arbitrary polyhedra. Those used for finite difference methods consist of piecewise structured arrays of hexahedra known as multi- block structured meshes. 4-sided pyramids are useful to conformally connect hexes to tets.

KIVA-4 is maintained and distributed through LANL. While KIVA-4 maintains the full generality of KIVA-3V, it adds the capability of computing with unstructured grids. Unstructured grids can be generated more easily than structured grids for complex geometries. The unstructured grids may be composed of a variety of elements including hexahedra, prisms, pyramids, and tetrahedra.

Their gunsights, however, were limited to +15° until super-elevating prisms were installed by 1916 to allow full elevation. They fired projectiles, some more than those of the 12-inch Mark XI, at a muzzle velocity of at a rate of two rounds per minute.Friedman 2011, pp. 49–52 The ships carried 80–100 shells per gun.

The most common strabismus finding is large angle exotropia which can be treated by maximal bilateral eye surgery, but due to the progressive nature of the disease, strabismus may recur. Those that have diplopia as a result of asymmetric ophthalmoplegia may be corrected with prisms or with surgery to create a better alignment of the eyes.

She does everything she is told without mistake and is very docile. She has fair, long, sleek curls, mild hazel eyes, a straight nose and "prunes and prisms" mouth. Jane Andrews - Anne's childhood friend, also a teacher at the Newbridge School. Fred Wright - A friend of Gilbert's, who plans to follow in his father's footsteps as a farmer.

Dora Keith - Dora, Davy's sister, is completely the contrary of her brother. She does everything she is told without mistake and is very docile. She has sleek curls, hazel eyes, a straight nose and "prunes and prisms" mouth. Rachel Lynde - Formerly Marilla and Anne's neighbour, who has since moved to Green Gables after the death of her husband Thomas.

Tempest 4000 is a shoot 'em up video game. Players take a control of the Claw, a spacecraft that can shoot at enemies and obstructions. Levels take place on geometric prisms. The goal of the game is to survive each level by eliminating enemies as soon as possible and to achieve high scores for leaderboard positions.

This clam had a thick shell paved with "prisms" of calcite deposited perpendicular to the surface, giving it a pearly luster in life. Paleontologists suggest that its giant size was an adaptation for life in the murky bottom waters, where a correspondingly large gill area would have allowed the animal to cope with oxygen-depleted waters .

The picrate forms shining prisms (m.p. 198−200 °C) soluble in water but sparingly soluble in dry alcohol or ether. The alkaloid forms several aurichlorides: the normal salt, B•HCl•AuCl3, is precipitated when excess of gold chloride is added to the hydrochloride, and, after crystallization from dilute hydrochloric acid containing some gold chloride, has m.p. 198 °C.

Thorp was a "scientific and mechanical genius". In pursuit of his childhood interest in astronomy, he developed considerable skills in the manufacture of optical glass and both reflector and refractor telescopes. He also created celluloid diffraction grating replicas, polarising solar eyepieces and prominence spectroscopes that were widely used, as well as objective prisms. His high resolutionPowerhouse.

Wavelength-based computing can be used to solve the 3-SAT problem with n variables, m clauses and with no more than 3 variables per clause. Each wavelength, contained in a light ray, is considered as possible value-assignments to n variables. The optical device contains prisms and mirrors are used to discriminate proper wavelengths which satisfy the formula.

This series consists of an immersive staging of semi- transparent prisms, which were created using gold thread."Lygia Pape", Hauser & Wirth, Retrieved online 22 October 2018. Some A square platform drilled with nails serves as the base of each prism. The gold thread is then wrapped around each protruding nail, from floor to ceiling, to create the prism.

A related class of computer puzzle games feature different types of obstacles concealed in the box, which affect rays in varying ways — such as mirrors which reflect only a direct-hit ray, or prisms which split one ray into two. The GNOME game GFingerPoken and one section of the Macintosh game System's Twilight fall into this class.

Prisms, mirrors, and lenses have a long history of altering the diffracted visible light that surrounds all. However, the control exhibited by these ordinary materials is limited. Moreover, the one material which is common among these three types of directors of light is conventional glass. Hence, these familiar technologies are constrained by the fundamental, physical laws of optics.

2015, "Distinct Prisms in an Ever-Shifting Kaleidoscope", The New York Times, April 16. Her work is concerned with the marginalization of women of color and reframes their experience as central to society. Leigh has often said that her work is focused on “Black female subjectivity,” with an interest in complex interplays between various strands of history.

The crowns of the lower jaw were pushed forward and up as they wore down, comparable to a conveyor belt. The teeth had separated ridges of enamel, which were covered in "prisms" directed towards the chewing surface. Wear- resistant, they were held together with cementum and dentin. A mammoth's molars were replaced five times over the animal's lifetime.

The consecration of the temple like basilica was realized 12 of December 1941. It consists of basilical plant, with three naves, which have the same height. It has an octagonal dome with lantern, crowned by an iron cross. The towers are of two bodies and present shots in the form of truncated prisms, which are crowned by a cross.

A uniform antiprism has, apart from the base faces, 2n equilateral triangles as faces. Uniform antiprisms form an infinite class of vertex- transitive polyhedra, as do uniform prisms. For we have the regular tetrahedron as a digonal antiprism (degenerate antiprism), and for the regular octahedron as a triangular antiprism (non-degenerate antiprism). Dual polyhedra of antiprisms are trapezohedra.

Potassium heptafluorotantalate exists in at least two polymorphs. α-K2[TaF7] is the most common form and crystallises in the monoclinic P21/c space group. The structure is composed of [TaF7]2− units interconnected by potassium ions. [TaF7]2− polyhedra may be described as monocapped trigonal prisms with the capping atom located on one of the rectangular faces.

Potassium atoms are 9-coordinated and may be viewed as distorted monocapped square prisms. At temperatures above 230 °C this converts to β-K2[TaF7], which is orthorhombic (space group: Pnma). This structure also consists of potassium ions and the complex anion [TaF7]2−. The structure of the 7-coordinate [TaF7]2− units is essentially unchanged.

Shane Donovan is an agent of the ISA and husband to Kimberly Brady Donovan. Donovan and Brady were a supercouple. In 1984, Shane came to Salem to keep an eye on Stefano DiMera's illegal dealings. He posed as Larry Welche's butler, and eventually learned of Stefano's acquisitions of two of three rare prisms designed by Larry's father.

In P. romeroi, the enamel also has a distinctive kind, just called "Pyrotherium's enamel" in which the enamel bands are arranged vertically with the prisms in a decoupled way (that is, forming patterns in "X").Koenigswald, W 647 . von, Martin, T. and Billet, G. 2015. Enamel microstructure and mastication in Pyrotherium romeroi (Pyrotheria, Mammalia). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 89: 611–634.

Vault lights in sidewalks, which utilized prism lighting, were one of the first steps towards the modern hollow glass brick. At the end of the nineteenth century glass prisms became a popular way to diffuse light into spaces that would otherwise be difficult or unsafe to light via flame-based oil lamps (i.e. basements underneath sidewalks).

Basic three-dimensional cell shapes The basic 3-dimensional element are the tetrahedron, quadrilateral pyramid, triangular prism, and hexahedron. They all have triangular and quadrilateral faces. Extruded 2-dimensional models may be represented entirely by the prisms and hexahedra as extruded triangles and quadrilaterals. In general, quadrilateral faces in 3-dimensions may not be perfectly planar.

Therefore, playback within the camcorder is not feasible. The early models have an optical viewfinder, which lets one see exactly what one is recording by looking directly through the lens, via a system of mirrors and prisms - similar to an SLR stills camera. Some of the later models have an electronic viewfinder. They are still record-only devices, though.

Prisms are large clay objects with multiple faces (usually four to nine), pierced through the center from top to bottom with a hole. A prism usually bears a complete cuneiform text, written in sections across all of the faces.Veldhuis, Niek. 1997. Elementary Education at Nippur: The Lists of Trees and Wooden Objects. Groningen. p.29-30.

The Middle Bluff lighthouse is relatively intact. It has a hardwood timber frame clad with timber weatherboards. The lamp and prisms have been removed and the lamp room glass has been replaced with plastic. The second landing window has been replaced with an aluminium one, while the lower landing window has been removed and built over.

Sidewalk prisms are a method of daylighting basements, and are able to serve as a sole source of illumination during the day. At night, lighting in the basements beneath produces a glowing sidewalk. Vault lights may be used to make subterranean space useful. They are more common in city centers, dense, high- rent areas where space is valuable.

Some modern pavement lights are quite different from historic ones, so restoration and replacement may use different techniques and parts. A few companies now manufacture and sell vault lights, either as glass-only, prefab panels, or installation. Construction methods and prices vary widely. Historically, glass lenses were standardized by each manufacturer; some modern manufacturers produce standardized prisms.

The unit cell consists of three formula units of LiAu3B. The gold atoms are placed in a hexagonal structure. Together with the boron atoms, that are placed at the centre of trigonal prisms, they form the main skeleton of the material. The lithium atoms are placed at the centre of the hexagonal structure of the gold atoms.

But Alessandro Casati also lived through the social ructions and the neo-conservatism that grew out the rapid industrialisation during the closing decades of the nineteenth century. Through the prisms of these influences and experiences he emerged as a voice for social and political stabilisation and moderation, first through the Giolitti years, and later under Fascism.

The below deck headroom is and the cabin trim and sole are made from teak and holly. Ventilation is provided by six translucent opening hatches, two dorade vents and four deck cowl intakes. Additional light is provided by four deck-mounted prisms. For sailing the design is equipped with four halyard winches and two jib winches.

He wrote of the alkaloid's "colourless transparent prisms" and said that, "Its solutions have an alkaline reaction, a bitter taste, promote the flow of saliva and leave a peculiar numbness, followed by a sense of cold when applied to the tongue." Niemann named the alkaloid "cocaine" — as with other alkaloids its name carried the "-ine" suffix.

Petersen's graph and prisms. Moreover, 3-subdivision of any graph is 3-representable. In particular, for every graph G there exists a 3-representable graph H that contains G as a minor . A graph G is permutationally representable if it can be represented by a word of the form p1p2...pk, where pi is a permutation.

Koechner, §2.5, pp66–78. Titanium- doped sapphire is the most common tunable solid-state laser, capable of laser operation from 670 nm to nm wavelength. Typically these laser systems incorporate a Lyot filter into the laser cavity, which is rotated to tune the laser. Other tuning techniques involve diffraction gratings, prisms, etalons, and combinations of these.

Electro-optic deflectors utilize prisms of electro-optic crystals. The index of refraction is changed by the Pockels effect, thus changing the direction of propagation of the beam inside the prism. Electro-optic deflectors have only a small number of resolvable spots, but possess a fast response time. There are few commercial models available at this time.

Early 'concept prism assembly', where the individual prisms were machined from Perspex Plan view of the system in the plane of the Red-Blue channels Plan view of the system in the plane of the Luminance-Green channels The EMI 2001 used a 4-way prism assembly to split the light into its components, using the same novel principles that had been developed by Philips for their 3-way splitter. These new assemblies used the property of total internal reflection, within the prisms, to direct the light to the pick-up tubes. The techniques were described in a patent first filed in 1961.de Lang H., Bouwhuis B., “Optical System for a Colour Television Camera”, US Patent 3,202,039, Aug. 24, 1965 The 3-way prism was also described in a description of the LDE3 camera.

In practice the model prisms are cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker. Wenninger suggested these figures are members of a new class of stellation figures, called stellation to infinity. However, he also suggested that strictly speaking they are not polyhedra because their construction does not conform to the usual definitions. The octahemioctacron has four vertices at infinity.

An additional technique using interference is interference reflection microscopy (also known as reflected interference contrast, or RIC). It relies on cell adhesion to the slide to produce an interference signal. If there is no cell attached to the glass, there will be no interference. Interference reflection microscopy can be obtained by using the same elements used by DIC, but without the prisms.

The design was largely superseded by the Cassegrain telescope. It is still used for some spotting scopes because this design creates an erect image without the need for prisms. The Steward Observatory Mirror Lab has been making mirrors for large Gregorian telescopes at least since 1985. In the Gregorian design, the primary mirror creates a real image before the secondary mirror.

Cornu depolarizer The Cornu depolarizer was one of the earliest designs, named after its inventor Marie Alfred Cornu. It consists of a pair of 45° prisms of quartz crystal, optically contacted to form a cuboid. The fast axes are 90° apart and 45° from the sides of the depolarizer (see figure). Any ray entering the prism effectively passes through two wave plates.

Cities have also been described as prisms in which one can see the social, economic, and geographical characteristics from which they evolved. Urban centers not only have a disproportionate percentage of the population, but also have a large amount of fixed assets, capital, labor resources, and productive capacity.Bourne, L. S., & Ley, D. F. (1993). Changing social geography of Canadian cities (Vol. 2).

Diffraction gratings can also be used to produce dispersive effects; these are often used in high-power laser amplifier systems. Recently, an alternative to prisms and gratings has been developed: chirped mirrors. These dielectric mirrors are coated so that different wavelengths have different penetration lengths, and therefore different group delays. The coating layers can be tailored to achieve a net negative dispersion.

Standard bending with a universal bending machine All bends without an extraordinary geometry belong to standard bends. The distance between a bend and the material end is quite high providing an adequate bearing area. The same with one bend to the next. Typical tools are a so-called bending former combined with a prisms with electronic angular measurement or an ordinary prism.

As early as 1808, the French physicist Étienne Louis Malus discovered the refraction and polarization of light. William Nicol invented a prism for polarization in 1829, which was an indispensable part of the polarizing microscope for over 100 years. Later the Nicol prisms were replaced by cheaper polarizing filters. The first complete polarizing microscope was built by Giovanni Battista Amici in 1830 .

ADM 186/216 The Sight Manual, 1916, p. 108 Despite this, the range dials on the gunsights at the time of construction were graduated to 15 degrees;ADM 186/216 The Sight Manual, 1916, p. 23 super-elevating cams and prisms to allow the full elevation of the guns to be used were issued some time after the Battle of Jutland.

Ferroactinolite prisms are much darker in color than actinolite due to their higher iron content affecting opacity, but may be dark green in thin slices or around the edges. Its crystals are brittle, with a hardness of 5-6 on the Mohs scale, and have a white streak. Ferroactinolite is pleochroic and has a higher refractive index and surface relief than actinolite.

Nikolaus went to studio manager E. J. Mannix who gave Nikolaus a budget of "about $3,000" to create a stereoscopic camera rig. After some trial and error, Nickolaus created a camera using two Bell & Howell 35mm cameras with specially matched lenses made by Bauch and Lomb. The lenses were 2¾ inches apart and were shot into prisms. George Sidney directed the short.

The music video for "Violeta" was released on April 1, 2019. Directed by Digipedi, the video gives a "vibrant and nature-themed imagery [...] featuring meadow flowers, glowing prisms, splashing water and more aesthetically pleasing designs". As at July 11, 2019, the music video achieves more than 40 million views. Off the Record released a special video in commemoration of achieving 40 million views.

Hyperboloid of one sheet In mathematics, solid geometry is the traditional name for the geometry of three-dimensional Euclidean spaceThe Britannica Guide to Geometry, Britannica Educational Publishing, 2010, pp. 67–68. (i.e., 3D geometry). Stereometry deals with the measurements of volumes of various solid figures (three-dimensional figures), including pyramids, prisms and other polyhedrons; cylinders; cones; truncated cones; and balls bounded by spheres..

Triploidite is an uncommon manganese iron phosphate mineral with formula: . It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system and typically occurs as elongated and striated slender prisms which may be columnar to fibrous. Its crystals may be pinkish to yellowish brown or red-orange.Handbook of Mineralogy It was first described in 1878 for an occurrence in the Branchville Quarry, Branchville, Fairfield County, Connecticut.

A Rochon Prism A Rochon prism is a type of polariser. It is made from two prisms of a birefringent material such as calcite, which are cemented together. The Rochon prism was invented by and is named after Abbé Alexis Marie Rochon. It is in many ways similar to the Wollaston prism, but one ray (the ordinary ray) passes through the prism undeviated.

The tower is the first green tower in Israel, and also the first to feature a double curtain wall system.Exclusive: The Incredible Hulk - The First Glimpse of the International Tower. Calcalist.co.il. Retrieved 2016-10-16. The design of the tower consists of 5 equilateral triangular prisms, set on top of each other at different heights, creating 3 large balconies for the building's occupants.

There is a Coudé focus provided for there interferometric array. The comparatively small secondary mirror is 2.74 m in diameter, which will serve active corrections. Other characteristics include: #Partial annular submirrors #One of coude planar mirrors is aspherical; better image quality is obtained from such a system. #A pair of lens-prisms are used in a wide field of view system.

Mixite is a rare copper bismuth arsenate mineral with formula: BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3(H2O). It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system typically occurring as radiating acicular prisms and massive encrustations. The color varies from white to various shades of green and blue. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4 and a specific gravity of 3.8.

This reflectivity is much improved compared to either an aluminium mirror coating (87% to 93%) or silver mirror coating (95% to 98%). Porro prism binoculars and roof prism binoculars using the Abbe–Koenig roof prism do not use dielectric coatings because these prisms reflect with very high reflectivity using total internal reflection in the prism rather than requiring a mirror coating.

However, due to the difficulty of fabricating large toroidal prisms, this apparatus had a 16-sided polygonal plan.Elton, 2009, pp. 197–8. In 1825 Fresnel extended his fixed-lens design by adding a rotating array outside the fixed array. Each panel of the rotating array was to refract part of the fixed light from a horizontal fan into a narrow beam.

A manual of geometry for non-mathematicians, like land surveyors and other government officials, which presents a set of rules for calculating the volume and surface area of solids (mainly rectangular parallelepipeds, right circular prisms, square pyramids, and circular cones). The first few chapters contain rules for determining the area, diagonal, perimeter, and other parameters for different types of triangles, rectangles and squares.

The purpose of the survey was to find galaxies with an ultraviolet excess. The optics used were corrected for blue violet. Prisms in this had a low dispersion of 180 nm/mm in order not to spread out the galactic core spectrum too much and confuse it with other objects. This permitted classification of galaxies with magnitudes down to 17.5.

Black acicular crystals of the rare Pb-Ag sulfide from a Colorado locality: Mike Mine, San Juan Co., Colorado, United States Berryite is a mineral with the formula Pb3(Ag,Cu)5Bi7S16. It occurs as gray to blue-gray monoclinic prisms. It is opaque and has a metallic luster. It has a Mohs hardness of 3.5 and a specific gravity of 6.7.

The Tower consists of 15 searchlights with prisms that act as mirrors, reflecting the column of light vertically into the sky from a 10-metre wide wishing well.Iceland Imagines Peace Wired. 22 September 2009 It often reaches cloudbase and indeed can be seen penetrating the cloud cover. On a clear night it appears to reach an altitude of at least 4000 m.

Drusy crusts of tiny intergrown crystals are common, also encrustations and mammillary or botryoidal surfaces. The crystals are equant dipyramids or prisms parallel to the c crystal axis, but always microscopic. The colour is various shades of green, yellow-green, blackish brown or nearly black. Crystals often grow step by step, with the different steps or zones having different colours.

The parts of a CCD scanner: (A) Xenon bulb; (B) film plane; (C) & (D) prisms and/or dichroic mirrors; (E), (F) & (G) red-, green- and blue- sensitive CCDs. The Robert Bosch GmbH, Fernseh Div., which later became BTS inc. Philips Digital Video Systems, Thomson's Grass Valley and now is DFT Digital Film Technology introduced the world's first CCD telecine (1979), the FDL-60.

They often use anidolic lighting prisms to throw the light sideways under the building. They were developed in the 19th century, but declined in popularity with the advent of cheap electric lighting. Older cities and smaller centers around the world have or have had pavement lights. Most such lights are approximately a century old, although lights are being installed in some new construction.

It is the first in an infinite series of uniform antiprismatic prisms. The tetrahedral prism, -131, is first in a dimensional series of uniform polytopes, expressed by Coxeter as k31 series. The tetrahedral prism is the vertex figure for the second, the rectified 5-simplex. The fifth figure is a Euclidean honeycomb, 331, and the final is a noncompact hyperbolic honeycomb, 431.

R. L. Fork, O. E. Martinez, and J. P. Gordon, "Negative dispersion using pairs of prisms", Opt. Lett. 9, 150-152 (1984). Additional experimental developments include a prism-pair pulse compressorJ. C. Diels, W. Dietel, J. J. Fontaine, W. Rudolph, and B. Wilhelmi, Analysis of a mode-locked ring laser: chirped-solitary-pulse solutions, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2, 680-686 (1985).

Terminology about prisms and cylinders is identical. Thus, for example, since a truncated prism is a prism whose bases do not lie in parallel planes, a solid cylinder whose bases do not lie in parallel planes would be called a truncated cylinder. From a polyhedral viewpoint, a cylinder can also be seen as a dual of a bicone as an infinite-sided bipyramid.

He was promoted, and Stefano was on the run. In November 1984 Roman tracked Stefano to a Caribbean island where many other characters had crash-landed, too. Stefano was suffering from incurable cancer, and needed to collect three mysterious prisms to unlock a secret formula to cure himself. Roman caught up to him on a cliff, but Stefano pulled a gun.

Schematic cross section of a subduction zone with an accretionary prism formed by off-scraping sediments from the down-going plate Accretionary prisms grow in two ways: by frontal accretion, whereby sediments are scraped off the downgoing plate, bulldozer-fashion, near the trench, and by underplating of subducted sediments (and sometimes oceanic crust) along the shallow parts of the subduction decollement. Frontal accretion over the life of a convergent margin results in younger sediments defining the outermost part of the accretionary prism and the oldest sediments defining the innermost portion. Older (inner) parts of the accretionary prism are more lithified and have steeper structures than the younger (outer) parts. Underplating is difficult to detect in modern subduction zones but may be recorded in ancient accretionary prisms such as the Franciscan Group of California in the form of tectonic mélanges and duplex structures.

The apparatus used in the colour vision experiments is depicted in Fig. 1. It was constructed by joining a box of (AK) with a box of (KN) at a 100-degree angle. A mirror at M reflects light coming through the opening at BC towards a lens at L. Two equilateral prisms at P diffract light coming from the three slits at X, Y, and Z. This illuminated the prisms with the combination of the spectral colors created by the diffraction of the light from the slits. This light was also visible through the lens at L. The observer then peered through the slit at E while the operator adjusted the position and width of each slit at X, Y, and Z until the observer could not distinguish the prism light from the pure white light reflected by the mirror.

The name lithiophilite is derived from the Greek philos (φιλός) "friend," as lithiophilite is usually found with lithium. Lithiophylite is a resinous reddish to yellowish brown mineral crystallizing in the orthorhombic system often as slender prisms. It is usually associated with lepidolite, beryl, quartz, albite, amblygonite, and spodumene of pegmatitic origin. It rather readily weathers to a variety of secondary manganese phosphates and oxides.

New condensing prisms were fitted in 1908. During World War II it was used by the army as a communications base and observations post, and was therefore placed under guard. In 1944 the clockwork mechanism controlling the occulting of the light was replaced, as the original was considered on the verge of failure. In 1955 the lighthouse was electrified, at a cost of £1300.

KORO, the Norwegian State agency overseeing art in public spaces, engaged the artist to propose an artwork for the Seed Vault. The roof and vault entrance are filled with highly reflective stainless steel, mirrors, and prisms. The installation reflects polar light in the summer months, while in the winter, a network of 200 fibre-optic cables gives the piece a muted greenish-turquoise and white light.

Joan Z. Spade, Catherine G. Valentine, The kaleidoscope of gender: prisms, patterns, and possibilities, Pine Forge Press, 2007, pages 293-296, , . Twink is gay slang for a young man in his late teens to early twenties whose traits may include: general physical attractiveness; little to no body or facial hair; a slim to average build; and a youthful appearance that may belie an older chronological age.

Handheld Refractometer °Oechsle. A traditional handheld refractometer is an analog instrument for measuring a liquid's refractive index. It works on the critical angle principle by which lenses and prisms project a shadow line onto a small glass reticle inside the instrument, which is then viewed by the user through a magnifying eyepiece. In use, a sample is placed between a measuring prism and a small cover plate.

On both sides of the tooth, there is also a small ridge behind the eighth ridge that extends to the back margin; these ridges are called the posterolabial and posterolingual ridge. An even smaller ridge is located below the ridge on the lingual side. The tooth enamel is well preserved over most of the tooth. It consists of prisms—bundles of hydroxyapatite crystalsKalthoff, 2000, p. 15.

He joined with G. Boyd, to introduce the concept of Hermite-Gaussian modes into resonator study, influencing all subsequent research conducted on laser resonators. In his work with R.L. Fork and O.E. Martinez in 1994, a mechanism for generating tunable negative dispersion using pairs of prisms was proposed. This invention was instrumental in achieving ultra-short laser pulses, critical in many applications using laser technology.

Multiple prisms expand the beam in one direction, providing better illumination of a diffraction grating. Depending on the angle unwanted wavelengths are dispersed, so are used to tune the output of a dye laser, often to a linewidth of a fraction of an angstrom. Dye lasers' emission is inherently broad. However, tunable narrow linewidth emission has been central to the success of the dye laser.

The electrodes attached to the subjects subsequently collected data while the experiment occurred. Another more routinely used technique tests the subject's extent of chromatic aberration. In one such experiment, slits placed before the subject's eyes measured the chromatic dispersion of the eyes as a function of the separation of the slits. Prisms in front of the eyes determined the separation of the visual and null axes.

The completed ALICE detector showing the eighteen TRD modules (trapezoidal prisms in a radial arrangement). Electrons and positrons can be discriminated from other charged particles using the emission of transition radiation, X-rays emitted when the particles cross many layers of thin materials. The identification of electrons and positrons is achieved using a transition radiation detector (TRD).Transition Radiation Detector Retrieved 20 January 2019.

In his 44th trial in a series of experiments concerning physics of light, he concluded that light is made of particles and not waves by having passed a beam of white light through two prisms which were held at such an angle that the light split into a spectrum after passing through the first prism and then was recomposed, back into white light, by the second prism.

The Peli Lens is a mobility aid for people with homonymous hemianopia. It is also known as “EP” or Expansion Prism concept and was developed by Dr. Eli Peli of Schepens Eye Research Institute in 1999. It expands the visual field by 20 degrees. He tested this concept on several patients in his private practice with great success using 40Δ Fresnel press-on prisms (Peli 2000).

In binoculars with roof prisms the light path is split into two paths that reflect on either side of the roof prism ridge. One half of the light reflects from roof surface 1 to roof surface 2. The other half of the light reflects from roof surface 2 to roof surface 1. If the roof faces are uncoated, the mechanism of reflection is Total Internal Reflection (TIR).

A cross screen filter, also known as a star filter, creates a star pattern, in which lines radiate outward from bright objects. The star pattern is generated by a very fine diffraction grating embedded in the filter, or sometimes by the use of prisms in the filter. The number of stars varies by the construction of the filter, as does the number of points each star has.

Adobe bricks are rectangular prisms small enough that they can quickly air dry individually without cracking. They can be subsequently assembled, with the application of adobe mud to bond the individual bricks into a structure. There is no standard size, with substantial variations over the years and in different regions. In some areas a popular size measured weighing about ; in other contexts the size is weighing about .

The lighthouse was initially provided with a large (first-order) fixed dioptric along with a set of mirrors (which were replaced with refracting prisms ten years later); the lens was by Isaac Cookson & co. of Newcastle upon Tyne. The lamp was oil-fuelled. In 1854 red sectors were added, to warn ships of Hauxley Point to the south and Boulmer Rocks to the north.

However, Calliope soon came to possess a diamond necklace which was originally owned by Daphne DiMera. She claimed it as her own, but didn't realize that Stefano DiMera was after it, for it contained one of three prisms he was after. Her white lie unknowingly thrust her into a major storyline. Calliope went on to co-host a daytime talk show with Jennifer Horton-Deveraux.

Before his death, Stefano's wife, Daphne (Madlyn Rhue), reveals that Tony isn't his biological son. Stefano returns in 1984 with his nephew, André, who has gotten plastic surgery to look like Tony. Together they plan to frame Roman for a string of murders; meanwhile Stefano discovers another daughter, Megan Hathaway. Her adoptive father, Maxwell, had access to the "Three Prisms" that could cure Stefano's brain tumor.

Like Liquid Light Shows, the base of a Liquid Light Artefact is water, water dye, oil and oil dye on a glass scale, above a lightsource. Additionally colour wheels, prisms, magnifying glasses, marbles and other transparent objects are used. The last decennia digital editing is being used increasingly. Different from Liquid Light Shows, the Liquid Light Artefact is a motionless still, instead of a moving scene.

Cupolae and bicupolae categorically exist as infinite sets of polyhedra, just like the pyramids, bipyramids, prisms, and trapezohedra. Six bicupolae have regular polygon faces: triangular, square and pentagonal ortho- and gyrobicupolae. The triangular gyrobicupola is an Archimedean solid, the cuboctahedron; the other five are Johnson solids. Bicupolae of higher order can be constructed if the flank faces are allowed to stretch into rectangles and isosceles triangles.

This will allow the camera to record an upright image. However the camera LCD will still flip the image, and an external LCD monitor is still required. Another option is to use a flip module. A flip module is yet another addition to 35mm adapter construction set that is made up of a series of mirrors or prisms that literally "flip" the image while shooting.

Examples include acousto-optic modulators for cavity dumping and vacuum spatial filters for transverse mode control. For some low power lasers, the laser gain medium itself may be positioned at a beam waist. Other elements, such as filters, prisms and diffraction gratings often need large quasi-collimated beams. These designs allow compensation of the cavity beam's astigmatism, which is produced by Brewster-cut elements in the cavity.

Despite their reusability and repairability, old panels often are landfilled. However, the city of Victoria, Canada is stockpiling removed pavement light panels for future restoration projects. Often, individual broken sidewalk prisms are not replaced, but instead, the opening is filled with concrete or other opaque materials, such as metal, wood, and asphalt. When a building is renovated, vault lights may be removed or concreted over.

The other, damaged, tooth is 9.8 mm high and has at least one deep cavity (infundibulum). Characters shared by the teeth of Lavanify and Bharattherium include the presence of an infundibulum and a furrow; they both also have large, continuous bands of matrix (unbundled hydroxyapatite crystals) between the prisms (bundles of hydroxyapatite crystals) of the enamel, and perikymata—wave-like ridges and grooves in the enamel surface.

Hass, p. 110. Senator John Warner, J. Carter Brown, and the superintendent of Arlington National Cemetery all publicly voiced their opposition to the design. Opposition centered on the glass prisms. It was felt they were too tall and would interfere with the vista between Arlington House and the Kennedy grave site toward the Lincoln Memorial, and that their light would detract from the existing monuments.

In 1985, Alexiou held his first personal exhibition at "Desmos" Gallery in Athens. He used basic materials and those commonly found in nature such as rock, wood, mud and water. In 1987, Alexiou continued his experimentation with natural features by venturing into their decomposition. He created Prisms, a series of works which analyzes the projection of white light into different spaces, even through rain.

When they turned down the opportunity, National Technical Laboratories designed its own optical system, including both a control mechanism and a quartz prism. Large, high optical quality quartz suitable for creating prisms was difficult to obtain. It came from Brazil, and was in demand for wartime radio oscillators. Beckman had to obtain a wartime priority listing for the spectrophotometer to get access to suitable quartz supplies.

The structure of the lead end-member senaite of the crichtonite group was determined in 1976 by Grey & Lloyd. The structure of the other members of the crichtonite group is similar and corresponds to the formula AM21O38. The crystals of cleusonite consist of multiple rhombohedra and hexagonal prisms that are twinned. The crystal system is a trigonal - rhombohedral class 3 and has space group of R.

It is possible to alter the colours between which the border alternates during loading, and/or to use more than two colours, in order to obtain more flashy visual effects during the loading process. Complex loaders with unusual speeds or encoding were the basis of the ZX Spectrum copy protection schemes, although other methods were used including asking for a particular word from the documentation included with the game — often a novella — or the notorious Lenslok system. This had a set of plastic prisms in a fold-out plastic holder: the idea was that a scrambled two-letter code would appear on the screen, which could only be read by holding the prisms at a fixed distance from the screen courtesy of the plastic holder. This relied rather too much on everyone using the same size television, and Lenslok became a running joke with Spectrum users.

Blooming in a CCD image A primary advantage of a CMOS sensor is that it is typically less expensive to produce than a CCD sensor, as the image capturing and image sensing elements can be combined onto the same IC, with simpler construction required. A CMOS sensor also typically has better control of blooming (that is, of bleeding of photo-charge from an over- exposed pixel into other nearby pixels). In three-sensor camera systems that use separate sensors to resolve the red, green, and blue components of the image in conjunction with beam splitter prisms, the three CMOS sensors can be identical, whereas most splitter prisms require that one of the CCD sensors has to be a mirror image of the other two to read out the image in a compatible order. Unlike CCD sensors, CMOS sensors have the ability to reverse the addressing of the sensor elements.

In practice the model prisms are cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker. Wenninger suggested these figures are members of a new class of stellation figures, called stellation to infinity. However, he also suggested that strictly speaking they are not polyhedra because their construction does not conform to the usual definitions. The great dodecahemicosahedron can be seen as having ten vertices at infinity.

Crystals are monoclinic. They may have a characteristic coffin-shaped habit, but may also form simple rhombic prisms. Frequently, a crust of fine crystals will form with only the ends of the rhombs visible, making the crystals look like wedges. They have a perfect cleavage parallel to the plane of symmetry, on which the lustre is markedly pearly; on other faces the lustre is of the vitreous type.

The memoir of November 1817 bears the undated marginal note: "I have since replaced these two coupled prisms by a parallelepiped in glass." A dated reference to the parallelepiped form — the form that we would now recognize as a Fresnel rhomb — is found in a memoir which Fresnel read to the Academy on 30 March 1818, and which was subsequently lost until 1846.Kipnis, 1991, pp.207n,217n; Buchwald, 1989, p.

As a playwright, Taylor's work has been seen at the Tricycle Theatre, Soho Theatre, Greenwich Theatre, the Pleasance, Etcetera Theatre and Theatre503 in London as well as New Place in St. Albans, G12 in Glasgow as part of the NewWriting NewWorlds Festival. She graduated with an MA with Distinction in Creative Writing from City University. Her play Prisms was the Sunday Play on Resonance FM, 16 December 2010.

A prism transom bends light passing through the upper part of the window upwards. Prism lighting is the use of prisms to improve the distribution of light in a space. It is usually used to distribute daylight, and is a form of anidolic lighting. Prism lighting was popular from its introduction in the 1890s through to the 1930s, when cheap electric lights were commonplace and prism lighting became unfashionable.

Accretionary wedges (also called accretionary prisms) form as sediment is scraped from the subducting lithosphere and emplaced against the overriding lithosphere. These sediments include igneous crust, turbidite sediments, and pelagic sediments. Imbricate thrust faulting along a basal decollement surface occurs in accretionary wedges as forces continue to compress and fault these newly added sediments. The continued faulting of the accretionary wedge leads to overall thickening of the wedge.

3-sided prisms are used for boundary layers conforming to a tet mesh of the far-interior of the object. Surface meshes are useful in computer graphics where the surfaces of objects reflect light (also subsurface scattering) and a full 3D mesh is not needed. Surface meshes are also used to model thin objects such as sheet metal in auto manufacturing and building exteriors in architecture. High (e.g.

The apeirogonal tiling is the arithmetic limit of the family of prisms t{2, p} or p.4.4, as p tends to infinity, thereby turning the prism into a Euclidean tiling. An alternation operation can create an apeirogonal antiprism composed of three triangles and one apeirogon at each vertex. : 320px Similarly to the uniform polyhedra and the uniform tilings, eight uniform tilings may be based from the regular apeirogonal tiling.

As briefly mentioned above, naturally occurring materials such as conventional lenses and glass prisms are unable to significantly interact with the magnetic field of light. The significant interaction (permittivity) occurs with the electric field. In natural materials, any useful magnetic interaction will taper off in the gigahertz range of frequencies. Compared to interaction with the electric field, the magnetic component is imperceptible when in terahertz, infrared, and visible light.

Kristeva argues her writings have been misunderstood by American feminist academics. In Kristeva's view, it was not enough simply to dissect the structure of language in order to find its hidden meaning. Language should also be viewed through the prisms of history and of individual psychic and sexual experiences. This post-structuralist approach enabled specific social groups to trace the source of their oppression to the very language they used.

Eisenstaedt photographing the Clinton family on Martha's Vineyard. Eisenstaedt, known as "Eisie" to his close friends, enjoyed his annual August vacations on the island of Martha's Vineyard for 50 years. During these summers, he would conduct photographic experiments, working with different lenses, filters, and prisms in natural light. Eisenstaedt was fond of Martha's Vineyard's photogenic lighthouses and was the focus of lighthouse fundraisers organized by Vineyard Environmental Research Institute (VERI).

Spectral flow cytometry uses prisms or diffraction gratings to disperse the emitted light of a marker across a detector array. This allows for the full spectra from each particle to be measured. The measured spectra from single cells are subsequently unmixed by using reference spectra of all used dyes and the autofluorescence spectrum. This may allow for a wider panel design and the application of new biological markers.

All teeth are not covered by a prismatic enamel, and in most taxa, prisms are perpendicular to the outer surface of the tooth. Complex arrangements such as visible in mammals are rare. Diagenetic alterations modify the structure and composition of both enamel and dentin. # Dentine - This tissue makes up the bulk of the tooth and is characterized by long thin parallel tubules running throughout the body of the tooth.

It was built of local sandstone topped by a lantern that was originally destined for Gibraltar It was provided with a large (first-order) catadioptric optic, supplied by Chance Brothers & Co., with a single lamp, supplied by Messrs. W. Wilkins & Co. of Long Acre. The optic included a 'dioptric mirror' (i.e. a set of double-reflecting prisms) which redirected light from the landward side of the lamp back out to sea.

Focusing screens, in their simplest form, consist of a matte glass or plastic surface on which the image can be focused. Other devices, such as split-image prisms or microprisms, can help determine focus. Manual focus lenses can also be used on modern digital cameras with an adapter. Zeiss, Leica and Cosina Voigtländer are among current manufacturers who continue to make manual lenses in lens mounts native to modern cameras.

For many years, there has been debate as to whether Purgatorius is a primitive member of the primates or a basal member of the Plesiadapiforms. Several characters of the dentition of Purgatorius, which includes its incisor morphology, can ally it with later plesiadapiforms. The prism cross sections are highly variable with circular, horseshoe and irregular shapes, while the prisms of cheek teeth are radially arranged.Clemens, W. A., and W. V. Koenigswald.

Serpula israelitica, longitudinal section of the tube, calcitic lamello- fibrillar structure Ditrupa arietina (Serpulidae), outer tube layer, calcitic regularly ridged prismatic structure, showing interlocked prisms Glomerula piloseta (Sabellidae), longitudinal section of the tube, aragonitic spherulitic prismatic structure Biomineralising polychaetes are polychaetes that biomineralize. The most important biomineralizing polychaetes are serpulids, sabellids and cirratulids. They secrete tubes of calcium carbonate. Serpulids have most advanced biomineralization system among the annelids.

On the contrary, in deeper estuaries, the amount of water that is influenced by the tides forms a smaller proportion of the total water. The difference between high tide and low tide is not as great as in shallower estuaries creating a smaller tidal prism and a longer residence time. The size of an inlet or estuary is determined, according to O’BrienO’Brien, M.P. 1931. Estuary tidal prisms related to entrance areas.

Their chemical composition is created to take in some color of light and reflect the rest. In contrast, schematochromes (structural colors) are colors created by light reflections from a colorless surface and refractions by tissues. Schematochromes act like prisms, refracting and dispersing visible light to the surroundings, which will eventually reflect a specific combination of colors. These categories are determined by the movement of pigments within the chromatophores.

This was a trait of the Melbourne Regional Style of the 1940s and 1950s. A balcony was located at either end of the house, at the height of the canopy of trees that hugged their way around the house. In essence, the McIntyre River Residence is a combination of basic geometric shapes. Two Triangular prisms form the striking elevation of the design and the rectangular plan of the house.

Thus the jaw of Pachygenelus can be seen as transitional between non-mammalian synapsids and true mammals. Another feature of Pachygenelus that is shared with mammals is plesiomorphic prismatic enamel, or enamel arranged into strengthened prisms.Wood, C. B., Dumont, E. R. and Crompton, A. W. (1999). New studies of enamel microstructure in Mesozoic Mammals: a review of enamel prisms as a mammalian synapomorphy. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 6(2):177-213.

Prisms and antiprisms, whose symmetry groups are the dihedral groups, are generally not considered to be Archimedean solids, even though their faces are regular polygons and their symmetry groups act transitively on their vertices. Excluding these two infinite families, there are 13 Archimedean solids. All the Archimedean solids (but not the elongated square gyrobicupola) can be made via Wythoff constructions from the Platonic solids with tetrahedral, octahedral and icosahedral symmetry.

In practice the model prisms are cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker. Wenninger suggested these figures are members of a new class of stellation figures, called stellation to infinity. However, he also suggested that strictly speaking they are not polyhedra because their construction does not conform to the usual definitions. The great dodecahemidodecahedron can be seen as having six vertices at infinity.

In practice the model prisms are cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker. Wenninger suggested these figures are members of a new class of stellation figures, called stellation to infinity. However, he also suggested that strictly speaking they are not polyhedra because their construction does not conform to the usual definitions. The great icosihemidodecahedron can be seen as having six vertices at infinity.

The five sculptures form prisms that range in height from . They are located in the traffic circle of one of the busiest roads in the State of Mexico. They were constructed to be symbols of the vanguard of world class design in Mexico and as a "welcome" of the expansion of Greater Mexico City to Naucalpan. The Torres de Satélite have been catalogued by UNESCO as architectural heritage.

Caesium nitrate prisms are used in infrared spectroscopy, in x-ray phosphors, and in scintillation counters.. It is also used in making optical glasses and lenses. As with other alkali metal nitrates, caesium nitrate decomposes on gentle heating to give caesium nitrite: :2CsNO3 → 2CsNO2 \+ O2 Caesium also forms two unusual acid nitrates, which can be described as CsNO3·HNO3 and CsNO3·2HNO3 (melting points 100 °C and 36–38 °C respectively).

Big Onion provides primarily historical and literary walking tours,Glenn Collins, "Walking for Themes, Not Exercise; Tours Reveal the City Through a Variety of Prisms," The New York Times, September 7, 1998, found at New York Times archives article of 9-7-98. Accessed April 6, 2009. to show the sites not shown on "plaques". They also focus on neighborhoods, such as the Lower East Side, often missed by other operators.

In this instrument a thin layer of the liquid to be measured is placed between two prisms. Light is shone through the liquid at incidence angles all the way up to 90°, i.e., light rays parallel to the surface. The second prism should have an index of refraction higher than that of the liquid, so that light only enters the prism at angles smaller than the critical angle for total reflection.

Sometimes prisms only need two axes alignment and can be mounted on a mirror mount rather than a three-axis prism table. Critical phase matched crystals can be aligned and tuned precisely with a standard mirror mount. The same is true for small etalons, retarders and polarizers. Furthermore, mirror mounts using magnets instead of springs allow the mobile frame to be removed and later replaced in exactly the same position.

There are two rows of cusps, and each lingual cusp is connected to each labial cusp by a broad crest, with one or more fossas in the middle. One of the two labial cusps may have been divided into two smaller cusps. The two crests are separated by a deep furrow. The enamel prisms of this tooth are small, like those of the premolar MACN Pv-RN 250.

It contains very little organic matter, and abundant sea urchin fossils. The Kamp Ranch Limestone is found above the unconformity in the Dallas area. It is similar to the older Six Flags and Bluebonnet Limestones, as it is predominantly composed of disaggregated prisms of Inoceramus clamsReid, W. T. (1952) Clastic limestone in the Upper Eagle Ford Shale, Dallas County, Texas: Field and Laboratory, v. 20, p. 111–122.

Of these graphs, the first four are planar graphs. They are the only four cubic polyhedral graphs (graphs of simple convex polyhedra) that are well-covered. Four of the graphs (the two prisms, the Dürer graph, and ) are generalized Petersen graphs. The 1- and 2-connected cubic well-covered graphs are all formed by replacing the nodes of a path or cycle by three fragments of graphs which labels , , and .

While some division into prisms can be observed near the outer surface of the shell, this is mostly obscured by scale-like squamatic ultrastructure. Two specimens of Continuoolithus preserve the shell membrane, a layer of fibrous proteins found in extant archosaur (bird and crocodylian) eggs beneath the hard crystalline shell. The original protein is not preserved, but the specimens do show networks of tubular fibers anchoring the mammillae.

Bintou Dembélé is a dancer and a choreographer who is recognized as one of the pioneer figure of Hip Hop dance in France. After having danced more than thirty years in the Hip Hop world, Bintou Dembélé is the artistic director of her own dance compagny Rualité since 2002. Her work explores the issue of the memory of the body through the prisms of the colonial and post-colonial French history.

Top of the 12 edged trunk is surrounded by two-layered stalactite corbel, used as a crossover to the inner cupola, which is folded by stone blocks. Foundations of two minarets attached to portal are prolonged rectangular prisms. Facades of the foundations are treated with patterned placing framed with trilobite equilateral arch. Not tall, octahedral bulk is used as a pedestrian to cylindrical trunks of the minarets built of circle brick.

A corner reflector is a retroreflector consisting of three mutually perpendicular, intersecting flat surfaces, which reflects waves directly towards the source, but translated. The three intersecting surfaces often have square shapes. Radar corner reflectors made of metal are used to reflect radio waves from radar sets. Optical corner reflectors, called corner cubes or cube corners, made of three-sided glass prisms, are used in surveying and laser ranging.

The process was later refined through the incorporation of dye imbibition, which allowed for the transferring of dyes from both color matrices into a single print, avoiding several problems that had become evident with the cemented prints and allowing multiple prints to be created from a single pair of matrices. Technicolor's early system were in use for several years, but it was a very expensive process: shooting cost three times that of black-and-white photography and printing costs were no cheaper. By 1932, color photography in general had nearly been abandoned by major studios, until Technicolor developed a new advancement to record all three primary colors. Utilizing a special dichroic beam splitter equipped with two 45-degree prisms in the form of a cube, light from the lens was deflected by the prisms and split into two paths to expose each one of three black-and-white negatives (one each to record the densities for red, green, and blue).

The octahemioctacron is the dual of the octahemioctahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. It appears visually indistinct from the hexahemioctacron. Since the hemipolyhedra have faces passing through the center, the dual figures have corresponding vertices at infinity; properly, on the real projective plane at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting prisms, each extending in both directions to the same vertex at infinity, in order to maintain symmetry.

Friese-Greene's later exploits were in the field of colour in motion pictures. From 1903 he lived in Brighton where there were a number of experimenters developing still and moving pictures in colour. Initially working with William Norman Lascelles Davidson, Friese-Greene patented a two- colour moving picture system using prisms in 1905. He and Davidson gave public demonstrations of this in January and July 1906 and Friese-Greene held screenings at his photographic studio.

For compounds with the formula MX6, the chief alternative to octahedral geometry is a trigonal prismatic geometry, which has symmetry D3h. In this geometry, the six ligands are also equivalent. There are also distorted trigonal prisms, with C3v symmetry; a prominent example is W(CH3)6. The interconversion of Δ- and Λ-complexes, which is usually slow, is proposed to proceed via a trigonal prismatic intermediate, a process called the "Bailar twist".

The crystals behave like prisms and mirrors, refracting and reflecting sunlight between their faces, sending shafts of light in particular directions. For circular halos, the preferred angular distance are 22 and 46 degrees from the ice crystals which create them. Atmospheric phenomena such as halos have been used as part of weather lore as an empirical means of weather forecasting, with their presence indicating an approach of a warm front and its associated rain.

This bending of the light allows it to be redistributed. The prism structure only bends light appropriately at certain angles; if the angle of incoming light changes, a variety of prisms or a movable prism awning may be needed. While the films do save energy from lighting, the savings vary substantially by climate, aspect, electricity costs, and existing lighting type. At 2014 costs, including labour, payback time may be measured in decades.

A Glan–Thompson prism deflects the p-polarized ordinary ray and transmits the s-polarized extraordinary ray. The two halves of the prism are joined with optical cement, and the crystal axes are perpendicular to the plane of the diagram. The lower red ray exiting the prism undergoes refraction, which is not shown on this diagram. A Glan–Thompson prism is a type of polarizing prism similar to the Nicol and Glan–Foucault prisms.

The first keepers were N. H. Williams as chief keeper, with N. Hanson and S. Kells as assistant keepers. The cost of the tower and cottages was nearly £24,000, £19,000 for the construction of the tower and £5,000 for the optical apparatus, a Chance Bros. 1st order bivalve dioptric Fresnel lens with 700 prisms The original light source was a vaporized kerosene burner and mantle generating a light intensity of 438,000 cd, visible for .

It crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system as equant, distorted prisms with trigonal pyramid terminations.Handbook of Mineralogy It occurs as rare fracture and cavity encrustations within schists derived from sedimentary rocks. Associated minerals include quartz, potassium feldspar, muscovite, schorl, riebeckite and magnesite. Discovered at the San Francisco mine, near Villa Tunari (in Alto Chapare), Bolivia, in 1976, originally it was called ferridravite, for the composition and the assumed relationship to dravite, i.e.

A different approach was suggested by H.-J. Haase who proposed a set of dichoptic target tests with both central and more peripheral fusion targets and additional stereo tests that were predominantly used in far vision. Such prisms alleviated eye strain and remained stable over time. The usefulness of prism eye glasses has been criticized since the initial fixation disparity may reappear again after some time due to the adaptability of the vergence system.

Balcou and Dutriaux obtained the group delay from a measurement of the beam shift (known as the Goos-Haenchen shift) during FTIR. They found that the group delay saturates with the separation between the prisms, thus confirming the Hartman effect. They also found that the group delays were equal for both transmitted and reflected beams, a result that is predicted for symmetric barriers. The Hartman effect has also been observed with acoustic waves.

After 1945 Kern comprehensively reworked the text. The book showcases the cultural framework that Kern had by this time developed, whereby he sought to supersede the old historical prisms of bourgeois-liberal evolutionism together with biologically derived social darwinism. It was perhaps a reflection of the work's vast ambitions that only the first part was completed. It presents "a guide to the centuries and millennia of base culture" and was published posthumously in 1953.

In order to produce narrow bandwidth tuning these lasers use many types of cavities and resonators which include gratings, prisms, multiple-prism grating arrangements, and etalons.F. J. Duarte and L. W. Hillman, Dye Laser Principles (Academic, New York, 1990) Chapter 4. The first narrow linewidth dye laser, introduced by Hänsch, used a Galilean telescope as beam expander to illuminate the diffraction grating.T. W. Hänsch, Repetitively Pulsed Tunable Dye Laser for High Resolution Spectroscopy, Appl. Opt.

A final design for the "Freedom Tower" was formally unveiled on June 28, 2005. To address security issues raised by the New York City Police Department, a concrete base was added to the design in April of that year. The design originally included plans to clad the base in glass prisms in order to address criticism that the building might have looked uninviting and resembled a "concrete bunker"."Prismatic glass façade for WTC tower scrapped" .

A comprehensive eye examination including an ocular motility (i.e., eye movement) evaluation and an evaluation of the internal ocular structures allows an eye doctor to accurately diagnose exotropia. Although glasses and/or patching therapy, exercises, or prisms may reduce or help control the outward-turning eye in some children, surgery is often required. A common form of exotropia is known as "convergence insufficiency" that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises.

Goethite crystals form in at the start of the tooth production cycle and remain as a fundamental part of the tooth with intercrystal space filled with amorphous silica. Existing in multiple morphologies, “Prisms with rhomb-shaped sections are the most frequent...”. The goethite crystals are stable and well formed for a biogenic crystal. The transport of the mineral to create the crystal structures has been suggested to be a dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism as of 2011.

Convergence insufficiency may be treated with convergence exercises prescribed by an eyecare specialist trained in orthoptics or binocular vision anomalies (see: Vision Therapy). Some cases of convergence insufficiency are successfully managed by prescription of eyeglasses, sometimes with therapeutic prisms. Pencil push-ups therapy is performed at home. Patient brings a pencil slowly to within 2–3 cm of the eye just above the nose about 15 minutes per day 5 times per week.

The chapel itself occupies nearly all of the ground floor of the building and is accessed through a tall metal door from the greenhouse. The interior is a two-story stone cylinder with several semi-circular concrete constructions scalloping the walls. At the top of the cylinder are thin windows with several long prisms designed by the artist Charles Ross that create raking light and occasionally rainbows across the austere concrete interior.

The 48 truncated cuboctahedral cells are joined to each other via their octagonal faces. They can be grouped into two groups of 24 each, corresponding with the cells of a 24-cell and its dual. The gaps between them are filled in by a network of 192 hexagonal prisms, joined to each other via alternating square faces in alternating orientation, and to the truncated cuboctahedra via their hexagonal faces and remaining square faces.

It is used in the production of the dye orcein and as a reagent in some chemical tests for pentoses, such as Bial's Test. It may be synthesized from toluene; more interesting is its production when acetone dicarboxylic ester is condensed with the aid of sodium. It crystallizes in colorless prisms with one molecule of water, which redden on exposure to air. Ferric chloride gives a bluish-violet coloration with the aqueous solution.

There are glass pyramids on the roof of the stations permitting daylight to enter. Inside the pyramids, there are prisms reflecting and splitting the light, sometimes resulting in rainbows on the walls. The light in the stations is automatically regulated to make best use of the daylight and maintain a constant level of illumination of the stations at all times. The elevated stations are built in glass, concrete and steel to minimize their visual impact.

A pair of wedge prisms, called a Risley prism pair, can be used for beam steering. In this case, rotating one wedge in relation to the other will change the direction of the beam. When the wedges angle in the same direction, the angle of the refracted beam becomes greater. When the wedges are rotated to angle in opposite directions, they cancel each other out, and the beam is allowed to pass straight through.

Waterfall over the Basaltic Prisms of Santa María Regla, Huasca de Ocampo, Hidalgo. Mexico faces significant environmental challenges damaging nearly all sections of the country. Vast expanses of southern and southeastern tropical forests have been denuded due to mineral resource extraction, , and then, far behind in second place, for cattle-raising and agriculture. For example, tropical forests covered almost half of the state of Tabasco in 1940 but less than 10% by the late 1980s.

In an animated scene, motion blur can be simulated by distributing rays in time. Distributing rays in the spectrum allows for the rendering of dispersion effects, such as rainbows and prisms. Mathematically, in order to evaluate the rendering equation, one must evaluate several integrals. Conventional ray tracing estimates these integrals by sampling the value of the integrand at a single point in the domain, which is a very bad approximation, except for narrow domains.

A beveled glass mirror, ca. 1910 Beveled glass is usually made by taking thick glass and creating an angled surface cut (bevel) around the entire periphery. Bevels act as prisms in sunlight creating an interesting color diffraction which both highlights the glass work and provides a spectrum of colors which would ordinarily be absent in clear float glass. Beveled glass can be obtained as clusters which are arranged to create a specific design.

In 1996, he created a solar spectrum environment for the Dwan Light Sanctuary at the United World College in Montezuma, New Mexico. This installation includes 24 prisms mounted in two apses and four skylights so that there is solar spectrum in the sanctuary from sunrise to sunset every day. He has also created permanent solar spectrum installations in more than 20 other locations including Saitama University Medical School near Tokyo in 1999.Klaus OTTMANN (2013).

More sensitive molybdenite receiver cells, which also had greater sensitivity to infra-red radiation, replaced the older selenium cells in 1917. The United States and German governments also worked on technical improvements to Bell's system.Mims 1982, pp. 14–17. By 1935 the German Carl Zeiss Company had started producing infra-red photophones for the German Army's tank battalions, employing tungsten lamps with infra-red filters which were modulated by vibrating mirrors or prisms.

Their signature material is beryllium: a group at the Advanced Photon Source APS demonstrated the same lenses in lithium. These lenses have a direct counterpart in visible light. The saw-tooth lens is a unique optical scheme suggested and demonstrated by Cederstrom. It approximates a parabolic lens much as a numerical computation on a grid approximates a smooth line, with a series of prisms that each deflect the X-rays over a minute angle.

After struggling to shake off the police, and a drunk Alex Marshall caused some problem, the car drove off a bridge and fell down into a river. Alex was found but neither Petrov or Stefano. A few months later, Stefano was seen very much alive looking for the three prisms, and soon Petrov was seen taking orders from Stefano. He kidnapped Hope Williams for Stefano in an attempt to faster lure Roman into Stefano's trap.

120px Vertex figure for the omnisnub cubic antiprism Also related is the bialternatosnub octahedral hosochoron, constructed by removing alternating long rectangles from the octagons, but is also not uniform. It has 40 cells: 2 rhombicuboctahedra (with Th symmetry), 6 rectangular trapezoprisms (topologically equivalent to a cube but with D2d symmetry), 8 octahedra (as triangular antiprisms), 24 triangular prisms (as Cs-symmetry wedges) filling the gaps, and 48 vertices. It has [4,(3,2)+] symmetry, order 48.

It was first described by Archard and Taylor in 1948. The prism is made of two right-angled prisms of calcite (or sometimes other birefringent materials) separated on their long faces with an air gap. The optical axes of the calcite crystals are aligned parallel to the plane of reflection. Total internal reflection of s-polarized light at the air gap ensures that only p-polarized light is transmitted by the device.

The image's handedness is not changed by the Schmidt-Pechan. The design of the two prisms is such that the entrance beam and exit beam are coaxial, i.e. the Schmidt–Pechan prism does not deviate the beam if centered on the optical axis. The "roof" section of the upper prism flips (reverts) the image laterally with two total internal reflections in the horizontal plane from the roof surface: once on each side of the roof.

Many crystals naturally grow in faceted shapes. For instance, common table salt forms cubes and quartz forms hexagonal prisms. These characteristic shapes are a consequence of the crystal structure of the material and the surface energy, as well as the general conditions under which the crystal formed. The Bravais lattice of the crystal structure defines a set of possible "low-energy planes", which are usually planes on which the atoms are close- packed.

A diffraction grating or a dispersive prism may be used to selectively redirect selected wavelengths of light within an optical system. In the case of transmission gratings and prisms, polychromatic light that passes through the object will be redirected according to wavelength. A slit may then be used to select wavelengths that are desired. A reflective grating may also be utilized for the same purpose, though in this case light is reflected rather than transmitted.

Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) had developed binary optics; a way of making very thin diffractive optics with the efficiency of refractive optics. Optical devices use reflection, refraction, or diffraction to move light around. Optics which use refraction, such as lenses, are usually designed to reduce refraction. The binary optics found in ChromaDepth 3-D glasses, combine refraction and diffraction to make thin optics that act like thick glass prisms.

In single mounts, he stands just behind the trainer (see the man with headphones in the Mk21 open mount picture), while in twin mounts he sits between the guns, just forward of the projectile hoists. The sight setter moves the sights' reticles relative to the barrel's axis. In early open mounts, this was done by moving the platforms to which the sights were bolted. Sights in enclosed mounts have movable prisms in their optical paths.

An edge connects these two vertices through the center of the projection. The prism may be divided into three non-uniform triangular prisms that meet at this edge; these 3 volumes correspond with the images of three of the four triangular prismic cells. The last triangular prismic cell projects onto the entire projection envelope. The edge-first orthographic projection of the tetrahedral prism into 3D space is identical to its triangular-prism-first parallel projection.

A fundamentally modern ear is known in at least Dryolestes and mesungulatids. Tooth enamel evolved differently in marsupials and eutherians. In a first phase, during the late Triassic and Jurassic, prisms separated from the interprismatic matrix, probably independently in several Mesozoic mammal lineages. More derived enamel types evolved in a second phase, during the Tertiary and Quaternary, but without replacing the old prismatic enamel, instead forming various combinations of three-dimensional structures (called schmelzmuster).

In the type area there is an unconformity between the Arcadia Park and the underlying Britton Formation. The base of the Arcadia Park is a thin limestone termed the Kamp Ranch Limestone.Norton, G. H. (1965) Surface geology of Dallas County, in The geology of Dallas County: Dallas Geological Society, Dallas, Texas, p. 40–125. The Kamp Ranch Limestone is made up of broken pieces (prisms) of Inoceramus clams, and also contains shark's teeth.

Minolta Vectis S-1. The Minolta Vectis S-series comprises two APS system models of film SLR cameras made by Minolta, the flagship model Vectis S-1 and the Vectis S-100. The cameras feature a compact design, owing to the use of mirrors instead of prisms in the viewfinder. The Vectis V-lenses used by these models are not compatible with any other lens mount, including Minolta's 35mm A-mount and SR-mount systems.

Malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2. This opaque, green-banded mineral crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, and most often forms botryoidal, fibrous, or stalagmitic masses, in fractures and deep, underground spaces, where the water table and hydrothermal fluids provide the means for chemical precipitation. Individual crystals are rare, but occur as slender to acicular prisms. Pseudomorphs after more tabular or blocky azurite crystals also occur.

The play brings to life a menagerie of biblical and historical black characters, as well as satirical stereotypes of African Americans. The "last man" of the title is named Black Man With Watermelon. He dies multiple deaths over the course of the show. Other characters include Yes and Greens Blackeyed Peas Cornbread, Lots of Grease and Lots of Pork, Ham, Queen Hatshepsut, Before Columbus, Black Woman with Fried Drumstick, Prunes and Prisms.

Nicol made his prism by bisecting a parallelepiped of Iceland spar (a naturally occurring, transparent crystalline form of calcium carbonate) along its shortest diagonal, then cementing the two halves together with Canada balsam. Light entering the prism is refracted into two rays, one of which emerges as plane-polarized light. Nicol prisms greatly facilitated the study of refraction and polarization, and were later used to investigate molecular structures and optical activity of organic compounds.

The great disnub dirhombidodecacron The dual of the great disnub dirhombidodecahedron is called the great disnub dirhombidodecacron. It is a nonconvex infinite isohedral polyhedron. Like the visually identical great dirhombicosidodecacron in Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, it is represented with intersecting infinite prisms passing through the model center, cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker. Wenninger suggested these figures are members of a new class of stellation polyhedra, called stellation to infinity.

The hexahemioctacron is the dual of the cubohemioctahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. It appears visually indistinct from the octahemioctacron. Since the cubohemioctahedron has four hexagonal faces passing through the model center, thus it is degenerate, and can be seen as having four vertices at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting infinite prisms passing through the model center, cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker.

The great dodecahemicosacron is the dual of the great dodecahemicosahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. It appears visually indistinct from the small dodecahemicosacron. Since the hemipolyhedra have faces passing through the center, the dual figures have corresponding vertices at infinity; properly, on the real projective plane at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting prisms, each extending in both directions to the same vertex at infinity, in order to maintain symmetry.

Waterfall over the Basaltic Prisms of Santa María Regla, Huasca de Ocampo, Hidalgo, Mexico. In pre-conquest Mesoamerica, water was a deified resource that united indigenous communities. Water was thought to have been a gift from the gods and was thus held to a high degree of respect and protection. The indigenous people performed spectacular feats of engineering, creating complex water cultivation systems that both provided water to their large populations and sustainably preserved natural resources.

The degree of collimation in the light gradually increases as the crescent thins, until the solar disk is completely covered and the eclipse is total. Stars twinkle for the same reason. They are so far from Earth that they appear as point sources of light easily disturbed by Earth's atmospheric turbulence which acts like lenses and prisms diverting the light's path. Viewed toward the collimated light of a star, the shadows bands from atmospheric refraction pass over the eye.

In blocky structure, the structural units are blocklike or polyhedral. They are bounded by flat or slightly rounded surfaces that are casts of the faces of surrounding peds. Typically, blocky structural units are nearly equidimensional but grade to prisms and to plates. The structure is described as angular blocky if the faces intersect at relatively sharp angles; as subangular blocky if the faces are a mixture of rounded and plane faces and the corners are mostly rounded.

A Glan–Foucault prism deflects p-polarized light, transmitting the s-polarized component. The optical axis of the prism material is perpendicular to the plane of the diagram. A Glan–Foucault prism (also called a Glan–air prism) is a type of prism which is used as a polarizer. It is similar in construction to a Glan–Thompson prism, except that two right-angled calcite prisms are spaced with an air gap instead of being cemented together.

Scapolite is commonly a mineral of metamorphic origin, occurring usually in crystalline marbles, but also with pyroxene in schists and gneisses. The long slender prisms abundant in the crystalline marbles and schists in the Pyrenees are known as dipyre or couzeranite. Large crystals of common scapolite (wernerite) are found in the apatite deposits in the neighborhood of Bamble near Brevik in Norway, and have resulted from the alteration of the plagioclase of a gabbro. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911).

Over 800 forms of calcite crystals have been identified. Most common are scalenohedra, with faces in the hexagonal {2 1 1} directions (morphological unit cell) or {2 1 4} directions (structural unit cell); and rhombohedral, with faces in the {1 0 1} or {1 0 4} directions (the most common cleavage plane). Habits include acute to obtuse rhombohedra, tabular forms, prisms, or various scalenohedra. Calcite exhibits several twinning types adding to the variety of observed forms.

Willard, B., "A Brief History of Stellafane" The books have come to be called "the bible of telescope making". During World War II, Ingalls organized the work of amateur telescope makers to help overcome the shortage of roof prisms for military instruments. After his retirement in 1955, Ingalls travelled about New York state studying genealogy until he was struck by a car. His injuries left him paralyzed, and he died a year later at the age of 70.

The present lighthouse was built in 1873 and was equipped with a large (first order) dioptric lens with vertical condensing prisms, manufactured by Chance Brothers of Birmingham. It remained operational until sunrise on 9 October 1913. (By that time Leasowe Lighthouse had already been decommissioned: the line of approach taken by ships had altered due to shifting sandbanks, rendering the leading lights ineffective). The lighthouse at Bidston is now privately owned, and occasionally open to the public.

The platform is stabilized by three gyros mounted on it. One measured any rotations about the X axis, one about the Y, and one about the Z axis. They generated signals that were shaped in feedback circuits and sent back to torquers on the inner, middle and outer gimbals that exactly countered the rotations, nulling the gyro outputs and keeping the platform stable. The inner gimbal also carries three accelerometers, two pendulums, and a pair of prisms.

Iridescence is also found in plants, animals and many other items. The range of colours of natural iridescent objects can be narrow, for example shifting between two or three colours as the viewing angle changes, Iridescence can also be created by diffraction. This is found in items like CDs, DVDs, some types of prisms, or cloud iridescence. In the case of diffraction, the entire rainbow of colours will typically be observed as the viewing angle changes.

In geometry, the small dodecahemidodecacron is the dual of the small dodecahemidodecahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. It appears visually indistinct from the small icosihemidodecacron. Since the hemipolyhedra have faces passing through the center, the dual figures have corresponding vertices at infinity; properly, on the real projective plane at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting prisms, each extending in both directions to the same vertex at infinity, in order to maintain symmetry.

In geometry, the small icosihemidodecacron is the dual of the small icosihemidodecahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. It appears visually indistinct from the small dodecahemidodecacron. Since the hemipolyhedra have faces passing through the center, the dual figures have corresponding vertices at infinity; properly, on the real projective plane at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting prisms, each extending in both directions to the same vertex at infinity, in order to maintain symmetry.

In practice the model prisms are cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker. Wenninger suggested these figures are members of a new class of stellation figures, called stellation to infinity. However, he also suggested that strictly speaking they are not polyhedra because their construction does not conform to the usual definitions. The small icosihemidodecahedron has six decagonal faces passing through the model center, the small icosihemidodecacron has six vertices at infinity.

1914 "Glass Pavilion" of Bruno Taut The Glass Pavilion, designed by Bruno Taut and built in 1914, was a prismatic glass dome structure at the Cologne Deutscher Werkbund Exhibition. The structure was a brightly colored landmark of the exhibition, constructed using concrete and glass. The dome had a double glass outer layer with colored glass prisms on the inside and reflective glass on the outside. The facade had inlaid colored glass plates that acted as mirrors.

In geometry, the small dodecahemicosacron is the dual of the small dodecahemicosahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. It appears visually indistinct from the great dodecahemicosacron. Since the hemipolyhedra have faces passing through the center, the dual figures have corresponding vertices at infinity; properly, on the real projective plane at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting prisms, each extending in both directions to the same vertex at infinity, in order to maintain symmetry.

In practice the model prisms are cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker. Wenninger suggested these figures are members of a new class of stellation figures, called stellation to infinity. However, he also suggested that strictly speaking they are not polyhedra because their construction does not conform to the usual definitions. Since the small dodecahemicosahedron has ten hexagonal faces passing through the model center, it can be seen as having ten vertices at infinity.

In geometry, the great dodecahemidodecacron is the dual of the great dodecahemidodecahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. It appears indistinct from the great icosihemidodecacron. Since the hemipolyhedra have faces passing through the center, the dual figures have corresponding vertices at infinity; properly, on the real projective plane at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting prisms, each extending in both directions to the same vertex at infinity, in order to maintain symmetry.

In geometry, the great icosihemidodecacron is the dual of the great icosihemidodecahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. It appears indistinct from the great dodecahemidodecacron. Since the hemipolyhedra have faces passing through the center, the dual figures have corresponding vertices at infinity; properly, on the real projective plane at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting prisms, each extending in both directions to the same vertex at infinity, in order to maintain symmetry.

With Stefano dying from a brain tumor, he and André set out to obtain the three prisms that hold the key to keeping Stefano alive and they plan to get revenge on their enemies in the process. In November 1984, André hijacks a plane on its way to Haiti and it crashes on a deserted island killing Tony's mother Daphne (Madlyn Rhue). During a confrontation with Tony, André falls into a patch of quicksand and is presumed dead.

Inoceramids had a thick shell paved with "prisms" of calcite deposited perpendicular to the surface, which gave it a pearly luster in life. Most species have prominent growth lines which appear as raised semicircles concentric to the growing edge of the shell. Paleontologists suggest that the giant size of some species was an adaptation for life in the murky bottom waters, with a correspondingly large gill area that would have allowed the animal to survive in oxygen-deficient waters.

Since Point Sur was a major point used for navigation, it was equipped with first-order Fresnel lens, the largest made at the time. The lens was more than in diameter and tall. It weighed 4,330 pounds and included 16 panels of prisms, each with a bulls-eye in the center surrounded by concentric rings of prismatic glass. Its light beam could be seen to the horizon, which for the Point Sur light, at feet high, is .

The crown was continually pushed forwards and up as it wore down, comparable to a conveyor belt. The teeth had up to 26 separated ridges of enamel, which were themselves covered in "prisms" that were directed towards the chewing surface. These were quite wear-resistant and kept together by cementum and dentine. A mammoth had six sets of molars throughout a lifetime, which were replaced five times, though a few specimens with a seventh set are known.

The Monument to the Heroes of the Air (), located in the Aviators' Square, on Aviators’ Boulevard, Bucharest, Romania, was built between 1930 and 1935 by sculptors (1885–1944), and by .Georgescu et al. The structure, 20 m (65.6 ft) high, is made up of bronze sculptures resting on an obelisk-shaped stone pedestal, which in turn stands atop four trapezoidal prisms linked to each other by arcs. Beneath this entire complex is a circular stone base.

The refractive index is a important property of the components of any optical instrument. It determines the focusing power of lenses, the dispersive power of prisms, the reflectivity of lens coatings, and the light-guiding nature of optical fiber. Since refractive index is a fundamental physical property of a substance, it is often used to identify a particular substance, confirm its purity, or measure its concentration. Refractive index is used to measure solids, liquids, and gases.

Kornerupine (also called Prismatine) is a rare boro-silicate mineral with the formula (Mg,Fe2+)4(Al,Fe3+)6(SiO4,BO4)5(O,OH)2. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic - dipyramidal crystal system as brown, green, yellow to colorless slender tourmaline like prisms or in massive fibrous forms. It has a Mohs hardness of 7 and a specific gravity of 3.3 to 3.34. Its indices of refraction are nα=1.660 - 1.671, nβ=1.673 - 1.683 and nγ=1.674 - 1.684.

There are infinitely many honeycombs, which have only been partially classified. The more regular ones have attracted the most interest, while a rich and varied assortment of others continue to be discovered. The simplest honeycombs to build are formed from stacked layers or slabs of prisms based on some tessellations of the plane. In particular, for every parallelepiped, copies can fill space, with the cubic honeycomb being special because it is the only regular honeycomb in ordinary (Euclidean) space.

Thomas H. Doughty of the US Navy later invented a prismatic version for use in the American Civil War of 1861–65. Submarines adopted periscopes early. Captain Arthur Krebs adapted two on the experimental French submarine Gymnote in 1888 and 1889. The Spanish inventor Isaac Peral equipped his submarine Peral (developed in 1886 but launched on September 8, 1888) with a fixed, non-retractable periscope that used a combination of prisms to relay the image to the submariner.

Iron produces a greenish tint in the finished glass. To remove this effect, a "decolorizer" such as manganese dioxide ("glassmakers' soap") was added during the manufacture of the glass. When exposed to ultraviolet light, the manganese slowly "solarizes", turning purple, which is why many existing sidewalk prisms are now purple. WWI increased demand for manganese in the US and cut off the supply of high-grade ore from Germany, so selenium dioxide was used as a decolorizer instead.

Isaac Newton studied refraction in prisms but failed to recognize the material dependence of the dispersion relation, dismissing the work of another researcher whose measurement of a prism's dispersion did not match Newton's own. Dispersion of waves on water was studied by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1776. The universality of the Kramers–Kronig relations (1926–27) became apparent with subsequent papers on the dispersion relation's connection to causality in the scattering theory of all types of waves and particles.

This instrument had a range of +17.75 to - 22.50, and up to -3.75 cylinder, Maddox rods, Risley prisms, and a Steven's phorometer. It weighed 7 pounds 5 ounces, and unlike all earlier devices of this kind, it hung from a horizontal mounting bar instead of being supported from the bottom. Like the Woolf, it had no Jackson cross-cylinders (JCC) at first, so a separate hand-held one was required. Late models of the Genothalmic were fitted with JCCs.

Two rectangular prisms are each composed of eight unit cubes. A composite cube with a side of 2 has a volume of 8 units3 but a surface area of only 24 units2. A rectangular prism two cubes wide, one cube long and four cubes tall has the same volume, but a surface area of 28 units2. Graphs of against of the Platonic solids and a sphere, showing that rounder shapes with the same volume have a smaller surface area.

Construction began in 1853, but difficulties with the delivery of the lenses and prisms from France delayed the opening of the lighthouse until 1855. The first lightkeeper was Charles Layton, appointed to the post at $1,000 per year. He was killed in 1855 while serving as a member of the sheriff's posse chasing the notorious outlaw, Anastacio Garcia. He was succeeded by his widow, Charlotte, who remained head lightkeeper until 1860, when she married her assistant lightkeeper, George Harris.

Cesanite's crystal structure is made up of tetrahedra of sulfide cations surrounded by oxygen anions distributed along with hydroxide ions around the Ca and Na ions occupying the M1 through four sites. The M1 and M2 cites create distorted pentagonal bipyramids while the M3 and M4 create tricapped trigonal prisms. The M3 and M4 polyhedra share faces when they are next to each other and form columns parallel to [001] while isolated sulfate tetrahedra alternate along the c axis.

Tiglath-Pileser's I inscriptions from his “fifth year annals” varied in form, from inscriptions on prisms to cuneiform inscriptions on tablets. A.0.87.i (or RIMA 2) was inscribed on a multiple 8-sided prisms and included 6 military campaigns that Marco De Odorico affirms as easily identifiable given that “the subdivision of paragraphs by horizontal lines... as well as the introduction begin with 'in my succession year'”. Considering that much of Tiglath-Pileser I's reign involved military campaigns, it is unsurprising that most of his literary texts would include such information as “Altogether I conquered 42 lands and their rulers from the other side of the Lower Zab in distant mountainous regions to the other side of the Euphrates, people of Hatti, and the Upper Sea in the west – from my accession year to my fifth regnal year.” Tiglath-Pileser I's prism was essentially a year-by-year layout of his military campaigns, and today is considered one of the world's first- preserved annals, showing it in excellent condition.

Knudsen's work has shown that vision is the dominant sense in changing the auditory sound map. Binocular displacing prisms were used to shift owls’ visual world, which resulted in a corresponding shift in the sound map. The disparity between the owls’ visual and auditory experience was reconciled by reinterpretation of auditory cues to match visual experience, even though the visual information was incorrect and the auditory was not. Even when other sensory information indicates to the owl that its visual input is misleading, this input exerts an apparently innate dominance over the other senses. In owls raised with displacing prisms, this persistent reliance on inaccurate information is particularly apparent: “Even though interaction with the environment from the beginning of life has proven to owls that their visual perception of stimulus source location is inaccurate, they nevertheless use vision to calibrate sound localization, which in this case leads to a gross error in sound localization”.Knudsen, E.I. and Knudsen, P.F. “Sensitive and critical periods for visual calibration of sound localization by barn owls” (222).

In normal usage, the prism hangs below the overhead and disperses the light sideways; the top is flat and installed flush with the deck, becoming part of the deck. The lens shapes were naturally derived from the process of handmaking the glass on an 'iron' and would have predated the ability to manufacture flat glass. (A plain flat glass window would just form a single bright spot below—not very useful for general illumination—hence the prismatic shape.) To maximize light output, the glass used was originally made colorless with the addition of manganese dioxide; the purple hue of some specimens is caused by decades of exposure to UV. Aboard colliers (coal ships), prisms were also used to keep check on the cargo hold: light from a fire would be collected by the prism and be made visible on the deck even in daylight. The names "deck light", "dead light" or "deadlight" are sometimes used, though the latter is uncommon as a reference to prisms, as more often refers to non-opening plain-glass panels.

Ryan floodlit the facades at night with increasing intensity higher up the towers, and used different colors in each courtyard. The centerpiece of the fair was the Tower of Jewels, 435 feet tall and covered with 102,000 suspended, mirror- backed Austrian cut-glass prisms, some colored and some clear, which refracted sunlight by day and reflected 54 searchlight beams by night.Josephine Young Case and Everett Needham Case, Owen D. Young and American Enterprise: A Biography, Boston: Godine, 1982, , p. 149, saying 130,000.

The image is rotated 180° in the process, and for this reason the prism is used as an image erection system in some binoculars, and camera viewfinders. The prism is not dispersive since light enters and exits the prism only at normal incidence. Since the light is reflected an even number of times, the image's handedness is not changed. For ease of manufacture, the prism is often made as a pair of double-right-angled prisms and the two halves cemented together.

In this case an accretionary prism grows and the location of the trench migrates progressively away from the volcanic arc over the life of the convergent margin. Convergent margins with growing accretionary prisms are called accretionary margins and make up nearly half of all convergent margins. If the incoming sediment flux is low, material is scraped from the overriding plate by the subducting plate in a process called subduction erosion. This material is then carried down into the subduction zone.

Strain rate and hydrologic properties also influence the strength of the accretionary prism and the angle of critical taper. Fluid pore pressures modify rock strength. Low permeability and rapid convergence may result in pore pressures that exceed lithostatic pressure and thus a relatively weak accretionary prism with a shallowly tapered geometry, whereas high permeability and slow convergence result in lower pore pressure, stronger prisms, and steeper geometry. The Hellenic Trench of the Hellenic arc system is unusual because this convergent margin subducts evaporites.

A Glan–Thompson prism consists of two right-angled calcite prisms that are cemented together by their long faces. The optical axes of the calcite crystals are parallel and aligned perpendicular to the plane of reflection. Birefringence splits light entering the prism into two rays, experiencing different refractive indices; the p-polarized ordinary ray is totally internally reflected from the calcite–cement interface, leaving the s-polarized extraordinary ray to be transmitted. The prism can therefore be used as a polarizing beam splitter.

Golden sculpture in March 2017. The outskirts of Tunstall became home to a new public art statue called Golden in 2015. The 69 ft (21m) steel work of art by Wolfgang Buttress was privately funded with £180,000 Section 106 monies and will be made from COR-TEN Steel, the same material as the Angel of the North. The tapered lozenge design features powerful LED lights that will illuminate 1,500 glass prisms containing the written wishes or memories of local residents.

The use of fluorite for prisms and lenses was studied and promoted by Victor Schumann near the end of the 19th century. Naturally occurring fluorite crystals without optical defects were only large enough to produce microscope objectives. With the advent of synthetically grown fluorite crystals in the 1950s - 60s, it could be used instead of glass in some high-performance optical telescope and camera lens elements. In telescopes, fluorite elements allow high-resolution images of astronomical objects at high magnifications.

The completed wire wound coils use reflected light to make visible invisible connections between time and frequency. These were followed by her series of works made with tank and gunsight prisms. Her work In Sua Memoria (1971–72) made in memory of her father epitomises her use of reflected light in a darkened space. As the art critic Jasia Reichardt observes: ‘There is an intersection (in Lijn’s work) at which science fiction, religion and quantum physics converge.’Jasia Reichardt. 1987.

In geometry, the dodecagrammic crossed-antiprism is one in an infinite set of nonconvex antiprisms formed by triangle sides and two regular star polygon caps, in this case two dodecagrams. Antiprisms are similar to prisms except the bases are twisted relative to each other, and that the side faces are triangles, rather than quadrilaterals. Crossed=antiprism have the triangles crossing the origin. In the case of a uniform 12/5 base, one usually considers the case where its copy is offset by half'.

3M™ Uniformity Tape is designed to be applied directly to the injection edge of a light guide for the purpose of defusing the light generated by LEDs. The microstructure consists of linear aspheric prisms (Figure 1) that are aligned perpendicular to the plane of the guide. The size of the microstructure is small compared to the size of the LEDs, typically on the order of 12-50 μm. As a result, no registration of the tape with the LEDs is required.

The dihedral symmetry of the sphere generates two infinite sets of uniform polyhedra, prisms and antiprisms, and two more infinite set of degenerate polyhedra, the hosohedra and dihedra which exist as tilings on the sphere. The dihedral symmetry is represented by a fundamental triangle (p 2 2) counting the mirrors at each vertex. It can also be represented by the Coxeter group I2(p) or [n,2], as well as a prismatic Coxeter diagram: . Below are the first five dihedral symmetries: D2 ... D6.

Drawing radii to the points of interference reveals that the angles of refraction are equal, thereby proving minimum deviation. One of the factors that causes a rainbow is the bunching of light rays at the minimum deviation angle that is close to the rainbow angle(42°). thumb It is also responsible for phenomena like halos and sundogs, produced by the deviation of sunlight in mini prisms of hexagonal ice crystals in the air bending light with a minimum deviation of 22°.

These instruments were purchased or created by Volta, which were transferred in the middle of the 19th century to the high school during the reformation of the scholastic system. The collection also includes electrology (Lane and Leyden jars, magnets and dry cells), mechanical and thermological (precision hydrometer, Laplace and Lavoisier calorimeters, thermometers and barometers, a Newton tube), optical (mirrors, lenses, prisms, microscopes and a telescope) devices as well as two devices which represent measurements of a meter and a kilogram .

Concrete walls with glass prisms running through them have also been made. With the advent of cheaper optical fibers, fiber-optic concrete walls. Daylight (and shadow images) can then pass directly through a solid concrete wall, making it translucent; fiber optics will lead light around bends and over tens of meters. Typically only a few percent of the light is transmitted (the percent transmittance is about half the percent of the surface that is fibers, and usually only ~5% fibers are used).

Commonly, the two components of the double Porro system are cemented together, and the prisms may be truncated to save weight and size. While a single Porro prism can be constructed to work as well as a roof prism, it is seldom used as such. Therefore, to reduce the cost of production for a Porro prism, the edge of the roof is usually left out. Sometimes only one small window as an entrance surface and one window as exit surface are polished.

If faces are all regular, the hexagonal prism is a semiregular polyhedron, more generally, a uniform polyhedron, and the fourth in an infinite set of prisms formed by square sides and two regular polygon caps. It can be seen as a truncated hexagonal hosohedron, represented by Schläfli symbol t{2,6}. Alternately it can be seen as the Cartesian product of a regular hexagon and a line segment, and represented by the product {6}×{}. The dual of a hexagonal prism is a hexagonal bipyramid.

3D model of a (uniform) pentagrammic prism In geometry, the pentagrammic prism is one of an infinite set of nonconvex prisms formed by square sides and two regular star polygon caps, in this case two pentagrams. It has 7 faces, 15 edges and 10 vertices. This polyhedron is identified with the indexed name U78 as a uniform polyhedron. It is a special case of a right prism with a pentagram as base, which in general has rectangular non-base faces.

The earliest stereoscopes, "both with reflecting mirrors and with refracting prisms", were invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone and constructed for him by optician R. Murray in 1832. Herbert Mayo shortly described Wheatstone's discovery in his book Outlines of Human Physiology (1833) and claimed that Wheatstone was about to publish an essay about it. It was only one of many projects of Wheatstone's and he first presented his findings on 21 June 1838 to the Royal College of London.Contributions to the Physiology of Vision.

Dielectric coatings are used in Schmidt–Pechan roof prisms to cause the prism surfaces to act as a dielectric mirror. The non-metallic dielectric reflective coating is formed from several multilayers of alternating high and low refractive index materials deposited on a prism's reflective surfaces. This multi-multilayer coating increases reflectivity from the prism surfaces by acting as a distributed Bragg reflector. A well-designed dielectric coating can provide a reflectivity of more than 99% across the visible light spectrum.

Salem No. 7 (1968) housed at Lynden Sculpture Garden The sculpture Salem No. 7, from 1968, exemplifies these ideas. The piece consists of seven rectangular prisms (34″ × 34″ × 48″ each) and has a total size of 4′ high × 28′ long × 4′ deep. The massive scale is offset by its expansive and open surroundings. Additionally, the contrast between the manmade, cold material and the lushness of the landscape surrounding it create the type of contrast that Milkowski often sought in his work.

In order to navigate, Peral used a bronze magnetic needle installed in the ceiling of the turret. The design avoided any electrical interference. He also devised a periscope, a fixed tube on the turret; by using a series of prisms, it projected the outside world to within the submarine. The engine-cooling system consisted of forcing compressed air stored in the submarine over the engines, and though the original project had needed 430 accumulators, the final project installed 613 with a weight of .

In practice the model prisms are cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker. Wenninger suggested these figures are members of a new class of stellation figures, called stellation to infinity. However, he also suggested that strictly speaking they are not polyhedra because their construction does not conform to the usual definitions. The small dodecahemidodecahedron has six decagonal faces passing through the model center, the small dodecahemidodecacron can be seen as having six vertices at infinity.

At room temperature, ruby lasers emit only short pulses of light, but at cryogenic temperatures they can be made to emit a continuous train of pulses. Some solid-state lasers can also be tunable using several intracavity techniques, which employ etalons, prisms, and gratings, or a combination of these.N. P. Barnes, Transition metal solid-state lasers, in Tunable Lasers Handbook, F. J. Duarte (Ed.) (Academic, New York, 1995). Titanium-doped sapphire is widely used for its broad tuning range, 660 to 1080 nanometers.

The tower's columns were spaced apart on their centers. Because the three center bays on each side contained windows, only the corners used fully diagonal bracing, and as such, were treated as square prisms. Inside, there was another structure for the centrally-located elevator shafts, which were longitudinally connected to the corners of the tower. The columns at the tower's corners were supported by a girder at the fourth floor, while 36 columns rose from the basement into the tower.

View through an array of elongated, upright, Dove prisms, forming a METATOY that flips the horizontal direction of transmitted light rays. A green box, stretched in the direction perpendicular to the METATOY, appears bent into a hyperbola when seen through the METATOY. A close-up view of the METATOY can be seen in the following picture. A METATOY is a sheet, formed by a two- dimensional array of small, telescopic optical components, that switches the path of transmitted light rays.

Bekins studied mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles, and graduated summa cum laude in 1975. She moved to San Jose State University for her master's studies, before moving to the University of California, Santa Cruz. Her doctoral research, under the supervision of Shirley J. Dreiss, used numerical modelling to understand accretionary prisms and the degradation of phenols in groundwater. She was appointed as a United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) postdoctoral research associate to measure the biodegradation of groundwater contaminants.

The lyrical themes of political and legal injustice project through the prisms of censorship, war, and nuclear brinkmanship. The cover, designed by Stephen Gorman based on a concept by Metallica guitarist James Hetfield and drummer Lars Ulrich, depicts Lady Justice bound in ropes. The album title is derived from the American Pledge of Allegiance. Three of its songs were released as singles: "Harvester of Sorrow", "Eye of the Beholder", and "One"; the title track was released as a promotional single.

In practice, the target failed to stay centered in the sighting telescope when it was first set up. Instead, due to inaccuracies in the estimated wind speed and direction, the target would drift in the sight. To correct for this, the bombardier would use fine-tuning controls to slowly cancel out any motion through trial and error. These adjustments had the effect of updating the measured ground speed used to calculate the motion of the prisms, slowing the visible drift.

It stands tall, and featured a 1st Order Fresnel Lens, over six feet in diameter and weighing more than six tons. The lens was made up of 666 hand-ground glass prisms all focused toward three sets of double bullseyes. It was these bullseyes that gave the Point Arena Lighthouse its unique "light signature" of two flashes every six seconds. The optics, which held an appraised value of over $3.5 million, was set in solid brass framework, and was built in France.

The tetrahedron-first orthographic projection of the tetrahedral prism into 3D space has a tetrahedral projection envelope. Both tetrahedral cells project onto this tetrahedron, while the triangular prisms project to its faces. The triangular-prism-first orthographic projection of the tetrahedral prism into 3D space has a projection envelope in the shape of a triangular prism. The two tetrahedral cells are projected onto the triangular ends of the prism, each with a vertex that projects to the center of the respective triangular face.

It typically consists of two prisms and a mirror. Figure 1 shows the construction of such a compressor. Although the dispersion of the prism material causes different wavelength components to travel along different paths, the compressor is built such that all wavelength components leave the compressor at different times, but in the same direction. If the different wavelength components of a laser pulse were already separated in time, the prism compressor can make them overlap with each other, thus causing a shorter pulse.

Quartz photoelectric spectrophotometer, Cary & Beckman, 1941 The A, B, and C prototype models all coupled an external Beckman pH meter to the optical component to obtain readouts. In developing the Model D, Beckman took the direct-coupled amplifier circuit from the pH meter and combined the optical and electronic components in a single housing, making it more economical. Moving from a prototype to production of the Model D involved challenges. Beckman originally approached Bausch and Lomb about making quartz prisms for the spectrophotometer.

This had an arrangement of prisms such that it could be swivelled between eye-level and waist-level positions. It also allowed the entire finder image to be viewed from 60 millimeters away and was suggested for use when wearing goggles or anything else that could prevent the user from placing the eyepiece right up to their eye. It allowed full metering. The Booster T Finder and Servo EE Finder were both essentially variations on the standard eye-level finder.

His dissertation took form in "Plan, benefit and prisms" published in Pravda (1962). This became a basis for the Soviet reforms of 1965. His most notable works were "Structure of the balance of an industrial company" (1948), "Means to raise the profitability of the socialist companies" (1956), "Analysis of the use of resources" (1963), "Plan and benefits for the Soviet economy" (1965) and "Planning of the socialism" (1967). Reforms inspired by Liberman unsuccessfully attempted to revitalize the Soviet economy during the 1960s.

At the north end of the wide entrance hall is a broad staircase that rises to a landing from which a window overlooks the north garden. The stair continues up in units of six steps to the third story. The upper rails and banisters are light in weight and plain. Off the east side of the entrance hall is a 26-foot square, high ceiling drawing room containing six windows, a mantel piece and a large chandelier with crystal prisms.

Juana Lopez refers to both the uppermost member of the Carlile Shale formation and to the environment that cause it to form. This unit is calcareous sandstone of Turonian age, Upper/Late Cretaceous series in the southern and western Colorado and northern and central New Mexico. Where present, the Juana Lopez is "the most enigmatic" member of the Carlile Shale. It consists of sand with a large content of indistinguishable grains of fragmented coral, shells (especially inoceramid prisms), sharks teeth, bone, etc.

It was thought that the accurate determination of power for a given medium to refract rays of light and separate the different colors which they contain was impeded by the absence of precise boundaries between the colors of the spectrum, making it difficult to accurately measure the angle of refraction. To address this limitation, Fraunhofer performed a series of experiments for the purpose of producing homogeneous light artificially, and unable to effect his object in a direct way, he did so by means of lamps and prisms.

By including total internal reflection in a chromatic-polarization experiment, he found that the apparently depolarized light was a mixture of components polarized parallel and perpendicular to the plane of incidence, and that the total reflection introduced a phase difference between them.Darrigol, 2012, p.207. Choosing an appropriate angle of incidence (not yet exactly specified) gave a phase difference of 1/8 of a cycle. Two such reflections from the "parallel faces" of "two coupled prisms" gave a phase difference of 1/4 of a cycle.

For large gaps between the prisms the tunnelling time approaches a constant and thus the photons appear to have crossed with a superluminal speed. However, the Hartman effect cannot actually be used to violate relativity by transmitting signals faster than c, because the tunnelling time "should not be linked to a velocity since evanescent waves do not propagate". The evanescent waves in the Hartman effect are due to virtual particles and a non-propagating static field, as mentioned in the sections above for gravity and electromagnetism.

This produces a 180° image rotation (without changing the image's handedness) and allows use of the prism as an image erecting system. Unlike the more common double Porro prism configuration, the Abbe–Koenig prism does not displace the output beam from the input beam, making it advantageous in some instruments. The prism is also less bulky than the double Porro design. The prism is sometimes simply called a "roof prism", although this is ambiguous, because other roof prisms exist, such as the Amici and Schmidt–Pechan designs.

Oceanic trench formed along an oceanic- continental convergent boundary The composition of the inner trench slope and a first-order control on trench morphology is determined by sediment supply. Active accretionary prisms are common in trenches near continents where rivers or glaciers supply great volumes of sediment to the trench. These filled trenches may lack the bathymetric expression of a trench. The Cascadia margin of the northwest USA is a filled trench, the result of sedimentation by the rivers of the western United States and Canada.

Glass is in widespread use in optical systems due to its ability to refract, reflect, and transmit light following geometrical optics. The most common and oldest applications of glass in optics are as lenses, windows, mirrors, and prisms. The key optical properties refractive index, dispersion, and transmission, of glass are strongly dependent on chemical composition and, to a lesser degree, its thermal history. Optical glass typically has a refractive index of 1.4 to 2.4 and Abbe number, which characterises dispersion, of 15 to 100.

Many of company's cameras, projectors, viewers, meters and accessories, as well as darkroom equipment, manufactured throughout its history are exhibited. Through military artifacts, the stories of the company's contributions to World War II and the Korean War, are told. Sighting devices, prisms and lenses are displayed. Included in the collection is a M72 Telescope used in Sherman Tanks, and a M18 sight used with Britain's 57mm anti-tank gun (the Britain Six-Pounder). The museum’s archives include photographs, documents, instruction booklets, advertisements, correspondence and manuals.

Argentodites is a possible multituberculate mammal from the Cretaceous of Argentina. The single species, Argentodites coloniensis, is known from a single blade-like fourth lower premolar (p4) from the La Colonia Formation, which is mostly or entirely Maastrichtian (latest Cretaceous) in age. The p4 is 4.15 mm long and bears eight cusps on its upper margin and long associated ridges on both sides. The enamel consists of prisms that are completely or partly surrounded by a sheath and that are on average 6.57 μm apart.

These advantages allowed them to police the world, most of whom believed the use of multiple colors to be blasphemous. Diakoptes, a member of their order, began experimenting with black luxin. It corrupted him, and he formed his own following and armed them with the knowledge of how to make drafters' spectacles, possessed only by the Braxians until that time. With this he remade himself as Lucidonius, and established a new world order beneath Orholam, using Prisms to balance the magical tides of the world.

In some of these rocks large crystals of one of the scapolite minerals (an inch or two in length) occur, usually as octagonal prisms with imperfect terminations. In others the mineral is found in small irregular grains. It is sometimes clear, but often crowded with minute enclosures of augite, tourmaline, biotite and other minerals, such as constitute the surrounding matrix. From these districts also a black variety is well known, filled with minute graphitic enclosures, often exceedingly small and rendering the mineral nearly opaque.

A nested triangles graph with 18 vertices In graph theory, a nested triangles graph with n vertices is a planar graph formed from a sequence of n/3 triangles, by connecting pairs of corresponding vertices on consecutive triangles in the sequence. It can also be formed geometrically, by gluing together n/3 − 1 triangular prisms on their triangular faces. This graph, and graphs closely related to it, have been frequently used in graph drawing to prove lower bounds on the area requirements of various styles of drawings.

A typical surveying prism with back target In surveying, a retroreflector—usually referred to as a prism—is normally attached on a surveying pole and is used as a target for distance measurement using, for example, a total station. The instrument operator or robot aims a laser beam at the retroreflector. The instrument measures the propagation time of the light and converts it to a distance. Prisms are used with survey and 3D point monitoring systems to measure changes in elevation and position of a point.

The new lighthouse, built by Trinity House in 1838, was constructed as a stone tower. When first built the light was oil- fuelled; its lamp, with four concentric wicks, was set within a large (first- order) fixed dioptric lens, built by Cookson & co. and surmounted by 250 mirrors (which were later replaced with prisms). It was first lit on 1 March 1840; however, the light was often obscured by fog, which led in due course to the height of the tower being reduced by in 1875.

The list of invasive plants below is by no means comprehensive but nearly every species listed is scientifically proven to have detrimental impacts on native habitats and wildlife including native birds in New York State. Plants are listed in Latin name order and level of threat. Since plants do not recognize any boundaries, many pose threats in neighboring states like Connecticut and New Jersey as well. Current lists of invasive species in New York are maintained by various PRISMs (Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management).

At optical frequencies the electromagnetic analogs to quantum tunneling involve wave propagation in photonic bandgap structures and frustrated total internal reflection at the interface between two prisms in close contact. Spielmann, et al sent 12 fs (FWHM) laser pulses through the stop band of a multilayer dielectric structure. They found that the measured group delay was independent of the number of layers, or equivalently, the thickness of the photonic barrier, thus confirming the Hartman effect for tunneling light waves. In another optical experiment, Longhi, et al.

Blown glass remains true to traditional forms as well as division of labor, with workshops having apprentices and workers under a master craftsman. However more modern setups have come into play since the mid 20th century, when Jose Camarasa began to manufacture glass prisms for light fixtures and lamps in Tlaquepaque. He also makes ornamental and utilitarian pieces of lead crystal, with the red pieces particularly prized. Tin items in Tonalá Metals include iron, gold, tin, copper, and silver to make fine and everyday objects.

Sulfonal is prepared by condensing acetone with ethyl mercaptan in the presence of hydrochloric acid, the mercaptol (CH3)2C(SC2H5)2 formed being subsequently oxidized by potassium permanganate. It is also formed by the action of alcoholic potash and methyl iodide on ethylidene diethyl sulfine, CH3CH(SO2C2H5)2 (which is formed by the oxidation of dithioacetal with potassium permanganate). It crystallizes in prisms melting at 125 C, which are practically insoluble in cold water, but dissolve in 15 parts of hot and also in alcohol and ether.

Charles Fehrenbach (born 29 April 1914 in Strasbourg; died 9 January 2008 in Nîmes) was a French astronomer and member of the French Academy of Sciences. He was director of the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) until 1983. Following the Second World War, he was one of the first astronomers to pioneer the reversion method of using objective prisms to measure the Doppler shift of stars. He was awarded the Lalande Prize in 1950, the Prix Jules Janssen in 1959, and the Karl Schwarzschild Medal in 1963.

If faces are all regular, the pentagonal prism is a semiregular polyhedron, more generally, a uniform polyhedron, and the third in an infinite set of prisms formed by square sides and two regular polygon caps. It can be seen as a truncated pentagonal hosohedron, represented by Schläfli symbol t{2,5}. Alternately it can be seen as the Cartesian product of a regular pentagon and a line segment, and represented by the product {5}x{}. The dual of a pentagonal prism is a pentagonal bipyramid.

Double Porro prism design Porro prism binoculars Porro prism binoculars are named after Italian optician Ignazio Porro, who patented this image erecting system in 1854. This system was later refined by other binocular makers, notably the Carl Zeiss company in the 1890s. Binoculars of this type use a pair of Porro prisms in a Z-shaped configuration to erect the image. This results in binoculars that are wide, with objective lenses that are well separated and offset from the eyepieces, giving a better sensation of depth.

Prisms typically die (or start to lose their colors) after their 7th, 14th, or 21st year of serving. Only one person a generation is meant to be a 'full-spectrum light-splitter'; however, the two Guile brothers, Gavin and Dazen, demonstrate the same abilities. Gavin, the elder brother, was groomed to be Prism from a young age by Andross Guile, their father and spectrum color. After Dazen burns down the powerful White Oak family house with several women and children inside, he is sought by the Chromeria.

Right-hand sun dog in Salem, Massachusetts, Oct 27, 2012. Also visible are a Parry arc, an upper tangent arc, a 22° halo and part of the parhelic circle. Sun dogs are commonly caused by the refraction and scattering of light from plate-shaped hexagonal ice crystals either suspended in high and cold cirrus or cirrostratus clouds, or drifting in freezing moist air at low levels as diamond dust. The crystals act as prisms, bending the light rays passing through them with a minimum deflection of 22°.

In 1922 Josef Kroll accepted an invitation to move to the University of Cologne, where he would remain till his retirement in 1956. His research concentrated above all on the early years of Christianity in the context of the heathen world surrounding it. His 1921 work "Die christliche Hymnodik bis zu Clemens von Alexandreia" finds the rare traces of lost early Christian hymns viewed through the sometimes contrasting prisms of surviving from Judaism and Greco-Roman paganism: it identifies connections between hymn texts and the liturgy.

Any simple zonohedron corresponds in this way to a simplicial arrangement, one in which each face is a triangle. Simplicial arrangements of great circles correspond via central projection to simplicial arrangements of lines in the projective plane. There are three known infinite families of simplicial arrangements, one of which leads to the prisms when converted to zonohedra, and the other two of which correspond to additional infinite families of simple zonohedra. There are also many sporadic examples that do not fit into these three families.

The primary broad-band filters are equivalent to the u, g, r, i, and z filters of the ground-based Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Five linear ramp filters divided into three individual segments each provide continuous imaging capability from 380 nm to 1070 nm and so ensure adequate sampling of emission lines over a large range in redshift. Only the middle segment is accessible to the HRC. The SBC wheel is populated with one medium- band filter (Lyα), five long-pass filters, and two objective prisms.

ChromaDepth glasses with prism-like film The ChromaDepth procedure of American Paper Optics is based on the fact that with a prism, colors are separated by varying degrees. The ChromaDepth eyeglasses contain special view foils, which consist of microscopically small prisms. This causes the image to be translated a certain amount that depends on its color. If one uses a prism foil now with one eye but not on the other eye, then the two seen pictures – depending upon color – are more or less widely separated.

Cyclopaedia Single lenses have a variety of applications including photographic lenses, corrective lenses, and magnifying glasses while single mirrors are used in parabolic reflectors and rear-view mirrors. Combining a number of mirrors, prisms, and lenses produces compound optical instruments which have practical uses. For example, a periscope is simply two plane mirrors aligned to allow for viewing around obstructions. The most famous compound optical instruments in science are the microscope and the telescope which were both invented by the Dutch in the late 16th century.

The film features images with a lot of unusual angles, night shooting and expressionistic effects (using optical prisms). Dovzhenko appears on screen, for the only time in his career, as a ship's stoker. In the film there is a scene where inspector White offers money to the stoker, who throws it back into his face. A very similar thing happened in Dovzhenko's life: once a man came to him for an appointment at work, who wanted monetary help because he suffered under the Bolsheviks.

Lenslok was released in 1985 as a plastic lens in a foldaway frame. The Lenslok device was essentially a row of prisms arranged vertically in a plastic holder. Before the game started, a two-letter code was displayed on the screen, but it was corrupted by being split into vertical bands which were then rearranged on screen. By viewing these bands through the Lenslok they were restored to their correct order and the code could be read and entered allowing access to the game.

If adequate recovery has not occurred after the 6 month period (during which observation, prism management, occlusion, or botulinum toxin may be considered), surgical treatment is often recommended. If the residual esotropia is small, or if the patient is unfit or unwilling to have surgery, prisms can be incorporated into their glasses to provide more permanent symptom relief. When the deviation is too large for prismatic correction to be effective, permanent occlusion may be the only option for those unfit or unwilling to have surgery.

Periscopic sights were also introduced during the Second World War. In British use, the Vickers periscope was provided with sighting lines, enabling front and rear prisms to be directly aligned to gain an accurate direction. On later tanks such as the Churchill and Cromwell, a similarly marked episcope provided a backup sighting mechanism aligned with a vane sight on the turret roof. Later, US-built Sherman tanks and British Centurion and Charioteer tanks replaced the main telescopic sight with a true periscopic sight in the primary role.

Red basaltic prisms The Bishop of Derry visited the site in 1692. The existence of the causeway was announced to the wider world the following year by the presentation of a paper to the Royal Society from Sir Richard Bulkeley, a fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. The Giant's Causeway received international attention when Dublin artist Susanna Drury made watercolour paintings of it in 1739; they won Drury the first award presented by the Royal Dublin Society in 1740 and were engraved in 1743.Arnold, p. 62.

To extend the range, there were clips on the front of each eye hole for the insertion of hand held sphere or cylinder trial lenses, with a mechanism to rotate the axis with the thumb. It weighed 2 lb. 3 oz. Around 1916 Michael Woolf, also of New York City, bought him out and added his own invention,US Patent 1,240,289 Applied 1916 Patented 1917 an innovative battery of cylinder lenses, ranging from -0.25 to -2.00, to the device, as well as Risley prisms for each eye.

Adam and Moodley stress, "because people give meaning to their lives and interpret their worlds through these diverse ideological prisms, the perceptions are real and have to be taken seriously."Adam, Heribert & Moodley, Kogila. op. cit. p. 25. Israeli historian Benny Morris said that those that equate Israeli efforts to separate the two populations to apartheid are effectively trying to undermine the legitimacy of any peace agreement based on a two-state solution.Morris, Benny: One State, Two States (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), pp.

Optically it is uniaxial negative with indices of refraction of nω = 1.507 and nε = 1.468. Group of thaumasite prisms from the Kuruman, Kalahari manganese fields, Northern Cape Province, South Africa (size: 4.2 x 3.1 x 1.2 cm) It occurs as a hydrothermal alteration mineral in sulfide ore deposits and geothermal alteration of basalt and tuff. It occurs with zeolites, apophyllite, analcime, calcite, gypsum and pyrite. Thaumasite can also be formed along with other calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) during cement alteration, especially when sulfate attack develops.

Holophane has been integral in the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America since its inception in 1906, with the first meeting being held in the headquarters. The hallmark of Holophane luminaires, or lighting fixtures, is the borosilicate glass reflector/refractor. The glass prisms provide a combination of uplight and downlight to illuminate any environment evenly without creating dark spots or glare. This ribbed glass shade/reflector, called "Holophane" or "Holophane style/type" is used in "vintage" style lighting, and is licensed and copied throughout the lighting industry.

The system and survey parameters are stored with the input data allowing the user freedom from continually specifying these parameters for every model. Synthetic measurements at the receiver due to the model are what are calculated during a simulation. Early versions of EMIGMA could simulate the responses of 3d blocks, thin plates and the response of a many layered earth model. Simulation algorithms now include one for a sphere model, and alternate algorithms for thin plates and various algorithms for 3D prisms and polyhedra.

19th-century engraving of the lighthouse The final season of work in 1843 was spent in fitting out the interior. By then Alan had become chief engineer to the NLB and the final work was undertaken under the supervision of his brother Thomas. The light, which had eight lenses revolving around a four wick lamp with pyramidal lenses above and reflecting prisms below each one, was constructed by John Milne of Edinburgh. The machinery was ready by the beginning of 1844, but it was seven weeks before a landing could be undertaken on the rock.

3D model of a great disnub dirhombidodecahedron In geometry, the great disnub dirhombidodecahedron, also called Skilling's figure, is a degenerate uniform star polyhedron. It was proven in 1970 that there are only 75 uniform polyhedra other than the infinite families of prisms and antiprisms. John Skilling discovered another degenerate example, the great disnub dirhombidodecahedron, by relaxing the condition that edges must be single. More precisely, he allowed any even amount of faces to meet at each edge, as long as the set of faces couldn't be separated into two connected sets (Skilling, 1975).

Different sets were produced, each consisting of several hundred multicolored plastic dominoes They were not solid rectangular prisms, but rather were hollowed out on one side. The injection molding process used to make them also tended to leave protrusions on the standing edge. As such, they tended to fall over easily, particularly when being set up on the stepped staircases and bridges that came with the set. Newer dominoes were made which left the plastic in the middle, resulting in the dominoes standing upright much better than before.

The prism is made from two glass prisms, which are optically cemented together to form a symmetric, shallow Vee-shaped assembly. Light enters one face at normal incidence, is internally reflected from a 30° sloped face, and then is reflected from a "roof" (German Dach) section (consisting of two faces meeting at a 90° angle) at the bottom of the prism. The light is then reflected from the opposite 30° face and exits, again at normal incidence. The net effect of the internal reflections is to flip the image both vertically and horizontally.

Prisms tiles sometimes has elaborate artistic designs moulded into the outside; Frank Lloyd Wright famously created over forty prism tile designs.Renovation of Sheldon Munn uncovers exciting find Ames Tribune, Wednesday Sep 28, 2016 at 10:59 AM and 10:17 PM, by Michael Crumb Prism lighting works more effectively in light, open spaces. Some believe that it contributed to the trend away from dark, subdivided Victorian interiors to open-plan, light-coloured ones. The removal or covering of old prism transom lights often leaves characteristically tall signage spaces over shop windows (see pictures).

One of the areas Brattain studied was isomers of butane, which were used to make high-octane aviation fuel. His goal was to use infrared spectrometry as an analytical tool for industrial chemical process control, reliably measuring the isomers in petroleum mixtures. Brattain again began to build a research-quality infrared spectrophotometer, this time incorporating the ideas of E. Bright Wilson and Harold Gershinowitz at Harvard University. By incorporating two prisms, one of rock salt and one of potassium bromide, it was possible to examine a greater range of infrared wavelengths.

The human eye's response to light is non-linear: halving the light level does not halve the perceived brightness of a space, it makes it look only slightly dimmer. If light is redistributed from the brightest parts of a room to the dimmest, the room therefore appears brighter overall, and more space can be given a useful and comfortable level of illumination (see before and after images from an 1899 article, left). This can reduce the need for artificial lighting. Refraction and total internal reflection inside optical prisms can bend beams of light.

Brushes are templates, used in some 3D video games such as games based on the Quake engine, the Source game engine, or Unreal Engine, to construct levels. Brushes can be primitive shapes (such as cubes, spheres & cones), pre-defined shapes (such as staircases), or custom shapes (such as prisms and other polyhedra). During the map compilation process, brushes are turned into meshes that can be rendered by the game engine. Often brushes are restricted to convex shapes only, as this reduces the complexity of the binary space partitioning process.

The cubic honeycomb has a lower symmetry as a runcinated cubic honeycomb, with two sizes of cubes. A double symmetry construction can be constructed by placing a small cube into each large cube, resulting in a nonuniform honeycomb with cubes, square prisms, and rectangular trapezoprisms (a cube with D2d symmetry). Its vertex figure is a triangular pyramid with its lateral faces augmented by tetrahedra. 120px Dual cell The resulting honeycomb can be alternated to produce another nonuniform honeycomb with regular tetrahedra, two kinds of tetragonal disphenoids, triangular pyramids, and sphenoids.

Nonuniform variants with [4,3,4] symmetry and two types of truncated octahedra can be doubled by placing the two types of truncated octahedra to produce a nonuniform honeycomb with truncated octahedra and hexagonal prisms (as ditrigonal trapezoprisms). Its vertex figure is a C2v-symmetric triangular bipyramid. This honeycomb can then be alternated to produce another nonuniform honeycomb with pyritohedral icosahedra, octahedra (as triangular antiprisms), and tetrahedra (as sphenoids). Its vertex figure has C2v symmetry and consists of 2 pentagons, 4 rectangles, 4 isosceles triangles (divided into two sets of 2), and 4 scalene triangles.

The patient can use variable techniques to make easier or more difficult by bringing the beads closer\further to the nose and by employing lenses and prisms. Although this procedure is usually associated with binocular vision and anti- suppression therapy, it can also be a valuable procedure for developing accurate fixation skills under binocular conditions. Three (to five) colored beads are spaced on a length of string at least 20 inch long. The patient is instructed to alternate fixation and focus from one bead to the next while maintaining awareness of physiological diplopia.

Pearceite is often granular and massive; crystals are short, tabular pseudohexagonal prisms with bevelled edges, showing triangular striations on faces parallel to the plane containing the a and b axes, and rosettes of such crystals, to 3 cm across. The mineral is black, and in polished section it is white with very dark red internal reflections. It has a black to reddish black streak and a metallic luster, generally opaque, but translucent in very thin fragments. It is biaxial with a very high refractive index of 2.7 and maximum birefringence δ also 2.7.

Caleb Smith, an English insurance broker with a strong interest in astronomy, had created an octant in 1734. He called it an Astroscope or Sea- Quadrant.Bedini, Silvio, History Corner: Benjamin King of Newport, R.I.-Part II, Professional Surveyor Magazine, September 1997 Volume 17 Number 6 He used a fixed prism in addition to an index mirror to provide reflective elements. Prisms provide advantages over mirrors in an era when polished speculum metal mirrors were inferior and both the silvering of a mirror and the production of glass with flat, parallel surfaces was difficult.

A small number of split-timber cottages which later became kitchens may be seen adjacent to more substantial homes, generally painted to match the house and barely recognizable. Most buildings erected in the first 50 years of Australian settlement were simple and plain. Convict huts, marine barracks, government stores and houses for officials were simple rectangular prisms covered with hipped or gabled roofs often with verandahs supported on wooden columns in the Classical manner. They were influenced in particular by the regulation British military buildings in India and other tropical locations.

Joan Z. Spade, Catherine G. Valentine, The kaleidoscope of gender: prisms, patterns, and possibilities, Pine Forge Press, 2007, pages 293-296, , . Homosexual men are often equated interchangeably with heterosexual women by the heterocentric mainstream and are frequently stereotyped as being effeminate, despite the fact that gender expression, gender identity and sexual orientation are widely accepted to be distinct from each other. The "flaming queen" is a characterization that melds flamboyance and effeminacy, remaining a gay male stock character in Hollywood.The Celluloid Closet; (1995) Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman.

Example of a Nikon Photomic FTn image – Timothy Leary, family, and band (1969). The first Nikon F Photomic viewfinder, delivered since 1962,Nikon F - Nikon F Metering Prisms and Meters Mir had an independent photocell. Then Nikon introduced the Photomic T (superseded by the Photomic Tn), which featured through-the-lens (TTL) metering. The final metering prism for the Nikon F, the Photomic FTn,The Nikon FTN finder introduced in 1968, provided 60% center-weighted TTL, which became the standard metering pattern for Nikon cameras for decades afterwards.

Each of the nine seven-inches feature cover artwork by Kelsey Brookes, and when combined together, form one larger piece of artwork. The artwork is titled "Iris" and featured in Brookes' new "Meditations on Symmetry" series which was displayed from March 2012 at Compound Project in Malibu, California. Brookes' well-documented background in microbiology, surf culture and folk art combine in explosive prisms of raucous color, bold imagery and timeless motifs. His work has appeared in countless group shows, art fairs, and magazines such as GQ, Modern Painters, Juxtapoz, Beautiful Decay and Dazed & Confused.

Three-dimensional simple polyhedra include the prisms (including the cube), the regular tetrahedron and dodecahedron, and, among the Archimedean solids, the truncated tetrahedron, truncated cube, truncated octahedron, truncated cuboctahedron, truncated dodecahedron, truncated icosahedron, and truncated icosidodecahedron. They also include the Goldberg polyhedron and Fullerenes, including the chamfered tetrahedron, chamfered cube, and chamfered dodecahedron. In general, any polyhedron can be made into a simple one by truncating its vertices of valence four or higher. For instance, truncated trapezohedrons are formed by truncating only the high-degree vertices of a trapezohedron; they are also simple.

Orne wrote that hypnosis in an adult frequently does not present accurate memories of childhood; instead, "adults under hypnosis are not literally reliving their early childhoods but presenting them through the prisms of adulthood." According to Orne, Anne Sexton was extremely suggestible and would mimic the symptoms of the patients around her in the mental hospitals to which she was committed. Diane Middlebrook's biography states that a separate personality named Elizabeth emerged in Sexton while under hypnosis. Orne did not encourage this development and subsequently this "alternate personality" disappeared.

The leucite-hearing dike- rocks are members of the tinguaite and monchiquite groups. The leucite tinguaites are usually pale grey or greenish in color and consist principally of nepheline, alkali feldspar and aegirine. The latter forms bright green moss-like patches and growths of indefinite shape, or in other cases scattered acicular prisms, among the feldspars and nephelines of the ground mass. Where leucite occurs, it is always euhedral in small, equant, many-sided crystals in the ground mass, or in larger masses which have the same characters as the pseudoleucites.

Lambert, J.H., Pyrometrie oder vom Maaße des Feuers und der Wärme, Berlin, 1779. For his optics work, extremely limited equipment sufficed: a few panes of glass, convex and concave lenses, mirrors, prisms, paper and cardboard, pigments, candles and the means to measure distances and angles. Lambert's book is also mathematical. Though he knew that the physical nature of light was unknown (it would be 150 years before the wave-particle duality was established) he was certain that light's interaction with materials and its effect on vision could be quantified.

Schematic diagram of a coincidence range finder The device consists of a long tube with a forward-facing lens at each end and an operator eyepiece in the center. Two prism wedges which, when aligned result in no deviation of the light, are inserted into the light path of one of the two lenses. By rotating the prisms in opposite directions using a differential gear, a degree of horizontal displacement of the image can be achieved. A stereoscopic telemeter looks similar, but has two eyepieces and uses a different principle, based on binocular vision.

Prism glass is architectural glass which bends light. It was frequently used around the turn of the 20th century to provide natural light to underground spaces and areas far from windows. Prism glass can be found on sidewalks, where it is known as vault lighting,Ian Macky: Prism glass in windows, partitions, and canopies, where it is known as prism tiles, and as deck prisms, which were used to light spaces below deck on sailing ships. It could be highly ornamented; Frank Lloyd Wright created over forty different designs for prism tiles.

The building is dominated by the 50-metre tower with a large seven-metre cross as its top. The tower also incorporates a clock and it is possible to climb to this and the top just using a ladder. The tower has five bells and the cross at the top is lighted at night. The windows in the church were replaced in 1998 during a refurbishment Up to that date the glass chosen was Luxfer glass which is a glass covered in small prisms which directed the light in the architect's desired direction.

Subjects received 15 consecutive treatment sessions and were evaluated on different aspects of the neglect disorder including perception of midline, and scanning deficits. The study found that there is evidence that neck muscle stimulation may work, especially if combined with visual scanning techniques. The improvement was evident 2 months after the completion of treatment. Other areas of emerging treatment options include the use of prisms, visual scanning training, mental imagery training, video feedback training, trunk rotation, galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS).

Opticks: or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light is a book by English natural philosopher Isaac Newton that was published in English in 1704. (Opticks was originally published in 1704). (A scholarly Latin translation appeared in 1706.) The book analyzes the fundamental nature of light by means of the refraction of light with prisms and lenses, the diffraction of light by closely spaced sheets of glass, and the behaviour of color mixtures with spectral lights or pigment powders. It is considered one of the great works of science in history.

This in turn results in the complete negligence of the left visual hemifield. With the use of prism adaptation, their visual-attention frame is realigned so that some of the neglected left visual field comes into attentional focus. The use of right- deviating prisms shifts the patient's entire visual field to the right and realigns the left visual field into attentional focus. This spatial realignment has proven to persist long after prism exposure and ameliorate unilateral neglect symptoms by allowing the patient to be aware of the previously neglected side of space.

There he would experiment with improvised chemical, electric, and magnetic apparatus, however his chief concerns regarded the properties of polarised light. He constructed shaped blocks of gelatine, subjected them to various stresses, and with a pair of polarising prisms given to him by William Nicol, viewed the coloured fringes that had developed within the jelly. Through this practice he discovered photoelasticity, which is a means of determining the stress distribution within physical structures. At age 18, Maxwell contributed two papers for the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

The interior of the building is ornate baroque and rococo style of the Louis XIV and XV periods. It was designed after the Paris Opera House by the Boller Brothers Architects of Kansas City, Missouri. Much original detail still exist, including Belgian marble wainscoting, plaster reliefs, stained glass and, one of the most notable features, an 1800-pound Italian auditorium chandelier featuring crystal prisms and etched panels. At one time, the deep red carpet in the grand lobby had the Great Seal of Missouri and the letter M woven into it.

The light bulb is designed to reach an operating temperature of 40 °C in order to suppress fogging of the optical system. The visual image is transmitted from a lens at the distal tip of the blade to the optical eyepiece (or monitor) via a series of prisms and mirrors. Apart from the integrated optical system, the handle and blade of the Airtraq laryngoscope also contain a channel for the placement and insertion of the endotracheal tube. The Airtraq laryngoscope is available in four sizes ranging from Infant (size 0) to large Adult (size 3).

Plan The Rumelihisarı fortification has one small tower, three main towers, and thirteen small watchtowers placed on the walls connecting the main towers. One watchtower is in the form of a quadrangular prism, six watchtowers are shaped as prisms with multiple corners, and six others are cylindrical. The main tower in the north, Sarıca Pasha Tower, is cylindrical in form, with a diameter of , walls that are thick, and a total of 9 stories reaching a height of . Today, this tower is also known as Fatih ("Conqueror") Tower after Sultan Mehmed II's cognomen.

Each tuft consists of several unconnected leaves that start near the dentinoenamel junction. These defects as they pass through the enamel rods to the surface become progressively more fragmented and fibrillar. Scanning electron micrography finds that there are two kinds: one that is continuous with the enamel-dentine membrane at the dentinoenamel junction and that is acid-resistant, and another that is made up of empty spaces between the prisms and hard walls covered with organic matter. Enamel tufts are particularly common on low-crowned, blunt-cusped molars used in crushing; these are called "bunodonts".

Amblyopia can, however, arise as a result of esotropia occurring in childhood: In order to relieve symptoms of diplopia or double vision, the child's brain will ignore or "suppress" the image from the esotropic eye, which when allowed to continue untreated will lead to the development of amblyopia. Treatment options for esotropia include glasses to correct refractive errors (see accommodative esotropia below), the use of prisms and/or orthoptic exercises and/or eye muscle surgery. The term is from Greek eso meaning "inward" and trope meaning "a turning".

Aluminum mirror coatings were used in later unsealed designs because they did not tarnish even though they have a lower reflectivity than silver. Modern designs use either aluminum or silver. Silver is used in modern high-quality designs which are sealed and filled with a nitrogen or argon inert atmosphere so that the silver mirror coating does not tarnish. Porro prism binoculars and roof prism binoculars using the Abbe–Koenig roof prism do not use mirror coatings because these prisms reflect with 100% reflectivity using total internal reflection in the prism.

Such encapsulants have included roughened glass surfaces, diffractive elements, prism arrays, air prisms, v-grooves, diffuse elements, as well as multi-directional waveguide arrays. Prism arrays show an overall 5% increase in the total solar energy conversion. Arrays of vertically aligned broadband waveguides provide a 10% increase at normal incidence, as well as wide-angle collection enhancement of up to 4%, with optimized structures yielding up to a 20% increase in short circuit current. Active coatings that convert infrared light into visible light have shown a 30% increase.

In the original concept, Young intended the sculpture to project laser beams into space, which would have made it the world's first astronomical beacon. Budgetary restrictions, however, curtailed this design element. The initial cost of the sculpture was $925,000, and it was dedicated on December 12, 1975, although an electrical snafu delayed the musical portion's debut. According to Michael Several, an authority on early public art projects in Los Angeles, the Triforium sculpture incorporated three two-legged concrete pillars, each supporting a bank of multicolored Venetian glass prisms (1,494 in all).

The installation also originally included a custom-built Gerhard Finkenbeiner electronic 79-note glass-bell carillon with two octaves of English bells, and two octaves of Flemish bells, which were synchronized to lighting effects contained within the glass prisms. Meant to play "everything from Beethoven to the Bee Gees", the carillon was operated manually, or by computer, with the resulting sound played through the speaker system built into the Triforium. Unfortunately, the primitive computer originally installed in the structure to synchronize the lights and music was plagued with problems.

The analogy between light waves and transverse waves in elastic solids does not predict dispersion — that is, the frequency-dependence of the speed of propagation, which enables prisms to produce spectra and causes lenses to suffer from chromatic aberration. Fresnel, in De la Lumière and in the second supplement to his first memoir on double refraction, suggested that dispersion could be accounted for if the particles of the medium exerted forces on each other over distances that were significant fractions of a wavelength.Darrigol, 2012, p. 246; Buchwald, 1989, pp.

In the same supplement, Fresnel reported his discovery that optical rotation could be emulated by passing the polarized light through a Fresnel rhomb (still in the form of "coupled prisms"), followed by an ordinary birefringent lamina sliced parallel to its axis, with the axis at 45° to the plane of reflection of the Fresnel rhomb, followed by a second Fresnel rhomb at 90° to the first.Buchwald, 1989, pp. 223,336; on the latter page, a "prism" means a Fresnel rhomb or equivalent. A footnote in the 1817 memoir (Fresnel, 1866–70, vol.

The result was the lighthouse lens as we now know it. In 1826 he assembled a small model for use on the Canal Saint-Martin, but he did not live to see a full-sized version. The first fixed lens with toroidal prisms was a first-order apparatus designed by Alan Stevenson under the influence of Léonor Fresnel, and fabricated by Isaac Cookson & Co. from French glass; it entered service at the Isle of May, Scotland, on 22 September 1836.Elton, 2009, pp. 199,200,202; Levitt, 2013, pp. 104–5.

Extruding dough for churros in Strasbourg Churros in Guatemala A street vendor in Colombia making churros Churros are fried until they become crunchy, and may be sprinkled with sugar. The surface of a churro is ridged due to having been piped from a churrera, a syringe-like tool with a star- shaped nozzle. Churros are generally prisms in shape, and may be straight, curled or spirally twisted. Like pretzels, churros are sold by street vendors, who may fry them freshly on the street stand and sell them hot.

A right pyramid with a regular base has isosceles triangle sides, with symmetry is Cnv or [1,n], with order 2n. It can be given an extended Schläfli symbol ( ) ∨ {n}, representing a point, ( ), joined (orthogonally offset) to a regular polygon, {n}. A join operation creates a new edge between all pairs of vertices of the two joined figures.N.W. Johnson: Geometries and Transformations, (2018) Chapter 11: Finite symmetry groups, 11.3 Pyramids, Prisms, and Antiprisms The trigonal or triangular pyramid with all equilateral triangle faces becomes the regular tetrahedron, one of the Platonic solids.

Although active components play an important role in the use of plasmonic circuitry, passive circuits are just as integral and, surprisingly, not trivial to make. Many passive elements such as prisms, lenses, and beam splitters can be implemented in a plasmonic circuit, however fabrication at the nano scale has proven difficult and has adverse effects. Significant losses can occur due to decoupling in situations where a refractive element with a different refractive index is used. However, some steps have been taken to minimize losses and maximize compactness of the photonic components.

He wrote of the alkaloid's "colourless transparent prisms" and said that "Its solutions have an alkaline reaction, a bitter taste, promote the flow of saliva and leave a peculiar numbness, followed by a sense of cold when applied to the tongue." Niemann named the alkaloid "cocaine" from "coca" (from Quechua "kuka") + suffix "ine". Because of its use as a local anesthetic, a suffix "-caine" was later extracted and used to form names of synthetic local anesthetics. The first synthesis and elucidation of the structure of the cocaine molecule was by Richard Willstätter in 1898.

The prisms contain six paragraphs of cuneiform written in Akkadian. They are hexagonal in shape, made of red baked clay, and stand 38.0 cm high by 14.0 cm wide. They were created during the reign of Sennacherib in 689 BC (Chicago) or 691 BC (London, Jerusalem). The Taylor prism is thought to have been found by Colonel Robert Taylor (1790–1852) in 1830 at Nineveh, which was the ancient capital of the Assyrian Empire under Sennacherib, before its initial excavation by Botta and Layard more than a decade later.

In its most common form, a cube, it is made from two triangular glass prisms which are glued together at their base using polyester, epoxy, or urethane-based adhesives. The thickness of the resin layer is adjusted such that (for a certain wavelength) half of the light incident through one "port" (i.e., face of the cube) is reflected and the other half is transmitted due to frustrated total internal reflection. Polarizing beam splitters, such as the Wollaston prism, use birefringent materials to split light into two beams of orthogonal polarization states.

Both crystallize in the ditrigonal pyramidal (hemimorphic-hemihedral) class of the rhombohedral system, possessing the same degree of symmetry as tourmaline. Crystals are perfectly developed and are usually prismatic in habit; they are frequently attached at one end, the hemimorphic character being then evident by the fact that the oblique striations on the prism faces are directed towards one end only of the crystal. Twinning according to several laws is not uncommon. The hexagonal prisms of pyrargyrite are usually terminated by a low hexagonal pyramid or by a drusy basal plane.

Curtis also invented a type of film plate comparator in about 1925, allowing 2 plates, each 8×10 in, to be compared using a set of prisms and placing the plates on stacked and aligned stages rather than next to one another as was the norm, this allowed the body of the device to measure just 60×51 cm. This device is packed in crates and resided at UCO Lick Observatory as of Aug 2011\. His article describing the device appears in the Publications of the Allegheny Observatory, vol. VIII, no. 2\.

Ruins of the ziggurat and temple of Nabu at Borsippa, Babylonia, Iraq In 1854, work at Borsippa was conducted under the direction of Henry Creswicke Rawlinson, with most of the actual digging done by his subordinates.Henry C. Rawlinson, "On the Birs Nimrud, or the Great Temple of Borsippa", The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 18, pp. 1-34, 1861 Rawlinson personally uncovered the foundation prisms from Nebuchadnezzar II's restoration on the Nabu temple. Between 1879 and 1881 the site was excavated by Hormuzd Rassam for the British Museum.

In the absence of active stabilization, the repetition rate and carrier–envelope offset frequency would be free to drift. They vary with changes in the cavity length, refractive index of laser optics, and nonlinear effects such as the Kerr effect. The repetition rate can be stabilized using a piezoelectric transducer, which moves a mirror to change the cavity length. In Ti:sapphire lasers using prisms for dispersion control, the carrier–envelope offset frequency can be controlled by tilting the high reflector mirror at the end of the prism pair.

In 1884 the German Rottweil Company developed Prismatic Brown Powder (PBC), which was also adopted by the Royal Navy in 1884. It retarded burning even further by using only 2 percent sulfur and using charcoal made from rye straw that had not been completely charred. It was pressed into prisms with a central hole, similar to the DuPont Hexagonal. The French Navy instead developed the Slow Burning Cocoa (SBC) powder, which had grains of about ; still only 40% of it burned, the rest was ejected as heavy black smoke.

Other forms of excitation filters include the use of monochromators, wedge prisms coupled with a narrow slit (for selection of the excitation light) and the use of holographic diffraction gratings, etc. [for beam diffraction of white laser light into the required excitation wavelength (selected for by a narrow slit)]. An excitation filter is commonly packaged with an emission filter and a dichroic beam splitter in a cube so that the group is inserted together into the microscope. The dichroic beam splitter controls which wavelengths of light go to their respective filter.

The ice crystals responsible for halos are typically suspended in cirrus or cirrostratus clouds in the upper troposphere (), but in cold weather they can also float near the ground, in which case they are referred to as diamond dust. The particular shape and orientation of the crystals are responsible for the type of halo observed. Light is reflected and refracted by the ice crystals and may split into colors because of dispersion. The crystals behave like prisms and mirrors, refracting and reflecting light between their faces, sending shafts of light in particular directions.

The player has three items to help him navigate through each cavern's puzzles. These items include a miner's hat, a pair of special shoes, called "turbo tennies," that allow the player to jump higher, and four force fields that will protect the player from all damage for a few seconds. The miner's hat shines a beam of light used to flip switches or temporarily stun any cave animals that can cause the player damage. The Egyptian cavern has several challenges that involve rotating prisms and mirrors to deflect the light beam to a specific sensor.

Weegee experimented with 16mm filmmaking himself beginning in 1941 and worked in the Hollywood industry from 1946 to the early 1960s, as an actor and a consultant. He was an uncredited special effects consultant and credited stills photographer for Stanley Kubrick's 1964 film Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb. His accent was one of the influences for the accent of the title character in the film, played by Peter Sellers. In the 1950s and 1960s, Weegee experimented with panoramic photographs, photo distortions and photography through prisms.

He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society and grants were provided for the construction of new telescopes. Herschel pioneered the use of astronomical spectrophotometry, using prisms and temperature measuring equipment to measure the wavelength distribution of stellar spectra. In the course of these investigations, Herschel discovered infrared radiation. Other work included an improved determination of the rotation period of Mars, the discovery that the Martian polar caps vary seasonally, the discovery of Titania and Oberon (moons of Uranus) and Enceladus and Mimas (moons of Saturn).

Transmittance of a prismatic array against day rotation(δ) (δ=0 stands for 12.00h, 15° equals 1 hour). The prisms are aligned such that the angle of incidence (θ) in mid-summer at noon. (A); Vertical alignment of the prismatic array for a mid-summer day (a) for a mid-autumn & mid-spring day (b), and for a mid-winter day (c). B; Horizontal alignment of the prismatic array for a mid-summer day (d), a mid-autumn & mid-spring day (e), and for a mid-winter day (f).

The long wave infrared cameras used in military applications such as giving fighter pilots night vision. These cameras use a high sensitivity infrared photo receptor (usually cooled to increase sensitivity), but instead of disks of lenses, these systems use rotating prisms to provide a 525 or 625 line standard video output. The optical parts are made from germanium, because glass is opaque at the wavelengths involved. These cameras have found a new role in sporting events where they are able to show (for example) where a ball has struck a bat.

The lens was installed in the lantern room of the new tower in Chicago, where it remained for nearly 100 years. Also displayed at the fair was a hyperradiant Fresnel lens – the largest size ever made, "off the chart" of sixth through first Order. This lens was on hand when it was decided to build and outfit the Makapuʻu Point Light. Rather than order a new lens, the huge optic construction – twelve feet tall and with over a thousand prisms – would be used at the new Makapuʻu Point Light.

On bigger telescopes, such as the WHT (Wynne and Warsick 1988) and VLT (Avila, Rupprecht, and Becker 1997), the atmospheric dispersion can be so severe that it affects the pointing of the telescope to the target. In such cases an atmospheric dispersion compensator is used, which usually consists of two prisms. The Greenwood frequency and Fried parameter, both relevant for adaptive optics, depend on the air mass above them (or more specifically, on the zenith angle). In radio astronomy the air mass (which influences the optical path length) is not relevant.

In 2016, as part of a comprehensive upgrade to the light and its electric systems, the revolving optic was removed (along with the red arc, with its vertical prisms, and the subsidiary sector light). It was replaced with a pair of all-round white single-tier LED lanterns displaying an isophase characteristic (one providing the main light, the other serving as a standby). At the same time the fog signal was discontinued. The decommissioned 1950s optic was then presented to the newly-established University of Gibraltar, where it has been placed on display.

The Hemke Concerto "Prisms of Light" is a concerto for solo alto saxophone and orchestra by the American composer Augusta Read Thomas. The work was commissioned as a retirement gift for the saxophonist and educator Frederick Hemke by many of his students and colleagues. It was given its world premiere by Hemke and the New Haven Symphony Orchestra under the conductor William Boughton in New Haven, Connecticut, on February 27, 2014. A version for band was premiered by Taimur Sullivan and the Navy Band at the 2019 International Saxophone Symposium.

This was commissioned at the same time as the main light (though initially it shone white, not red, and from a higher window). The original light source was a single Argand lamp backed by a 21-inch reflector; but, following the 1873 upgrade, it instead used light diverted by means of prisms from the rear of the main lamp. Work began on the automation of Start Point Lighthouse in August 1992 and was carried out by LEC Marine at a cost of £82,754. It was completed in early 1993.

It is composed of a sequence of prisms, or gratings. When properly adjusted it can alter the spectral phase φ(ω) of the input pulse so that the output pulse is a bandwidth-limited pulse with the shortest possible duration. A pulse shaper can be used to make more complicated alterations on both the phase and the amplitude of ultrashort pulses. To accurately control the pulse, a full characterization of the pulse spectral phase is a must in order to get certain pulse spectral phase (such as transform-limited).

The mausoleum is shaped as a square chamber made of blocks of Swedish black granite, with blocks also forming a roof in a ziggurat. It was to be 20 feet high. The interior was to be decorated with frescoes by Oscar Kokoschka. In his book Adolf Loos: The Art of Architecture, writer Joseph Masheck draws parallels between Loos's mausoleum and the work of later post-modern architects and artists including the brick installations of Carl Andre, the "gray prisms" of sculptor Robert Morris and the sculptures of Tony Smith, the last of which was an influence on I. M. Pei.

In geometry, the enneagonal antiprism (or nonagonal antiprism) is one in an infinite set of convex antiprisms formed by triangle sides and two regular polygon caps, in this case two enneagons. Antiprisms are similar to prisms except the bases are twisted relative to each other, and that the side faces are triangles, rather than quadrilaterals. In the case of a regular 9-sided base, one usually considers the case where its copy is twisted by an angle 180°/n. Extra regularity is obtained by the line connecting the base centers being perpendicular to the base planes, making it a right antiprism.

To explain the negative outcome of the Michelson–Morley experiment, George FitzGerald (1889) and Hendrik Lorentz (1892) introduced the contraction hypothesis, according to which a body is contracted during its motion through the stationary aether. Lord Rayleigh (1902) interpreted this contraction as a mechanical compression which should lead to optical anisotropy of materials, so the different refraction indices would cause birefringence. To measure this effect, he installed a tube of 76 cm length upon a rotatable table. The tube was closed by glass at its ends, and was filled with carbon bisulphide or water, and the liquid was between two nicol prisms.

He argued that Rayleigh hadn't properly considered the consequences of contraction ( instead of 10−8) as well as of the refraction index, so that the results were in no way conclusive. Therefore, Brace conducted experiments of much higher precision. He employed an apparatus that was 4.13 m long, 15 cm wide, and 27 cm deep, which was filled with water, and which could be rotated (depending on the experiment) about a vertical or a horizontal axis. Sun light was directed into the water through a system of lenses, mirrors and reflexion prisms, and was reflected 7 times so that it traversed 28.5 m.

Due to its optical properties YCZ (yttrium cubic zirconia) has been used for windows, lenses, prisms, filters and laser elements. Particularly in the chemical industry it is used as window material for the monitoring of corrosive liquids due to its chemical stability and mechanical toughness. YCZ has also been used as a substrate for semiconductor and superconductor films in similar industries. Mechanical properties of partially stabilized zirconia (high hardness and shock resistance, low friction coefficient, high chemical and thermal resistance as well as high wear and tear resistance) allow it to be used as a very particular building material.

The phenols are first converted to benzoic acid, and then to hippuric acid and excreted in urine. Hippuric acid crystallizes in rhombic prisms which are readily soluble in hot water, melt at 187 °C, and decompose at about 240 °C. High concentrations of hippuric acid may also indicate a toluene intoxication; however, scientists have called this correlation into question because there are other variables that affect levels of hippuric acid. When many aromatic compounds such as benzoic acid and toluene are taken internally, they are converted to hippuric acid by reaction with the amino acid, glycine.

The light was initially powered by a six-wick Argand oil burner;Application note 32064 – Southwold Conversion , Pelangi. Retrieved 4 January 2013. it displayed a group occulting characteristic (the light being eclipsed twice every 20 seconds) and had a visible range of .London Gazette, Issue 26090, Page 5098, 23 September 1890 The light was white, but shone red across defined sectors to the north and to the south (indicating the Barnard sands and Sizewell Bank respectively); in addition, 'spare' light, which would otherwise have shone needlessly westwards, was diverted by way of vertical condensing prisms so as to intensify these red sectors.

An episcope which was used in a University of Cambridge lecture hall in the late 1800s The opaque projector, epidioscope, epidiascope or episcope is a device which displays opaque materials by shining a bright lamp onto the object from above. A system of mirrors, prisms and/or imaging lenses is used to focus an image of the material onto a viewing screen. Because they must project the reflected light, opaque projectors require brighter bulbs and larger lenses than overhead projectors. Care must be taken that the materials are not damaged by the heat generated by the light source.

The silver seeds are synthesized by mixing silver nitrate and sodium citrate in aqueous solution and then rapidly adding sodium borohydride. Additional silver nitrate is added to the seed solution at low temperature, and the prisms are grown by slowly reducing the excess silver nitrate using ascorbic acid. With the seed- mediated approach to silver nanoprism synthesis, selectivity of one shape over another can in part be controlled by the capping ligand. Using essentially the same procedure above but changing citrate to poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) yields cube and rod-shaped nanostructures instead of triangular nanoprisms.

Effect of a triangular star filter A cross screen filter, also known as a star filter, creates a star pattern using a very fine diffraction grating embedded in the filter, or sometimes by the use of prisms in the filter. The number of stars varies by the construction of the filter, as does the number of points each star has. A similar effect is achieved by photographing bright lights through a window screen with vertical and horizontal wires. The angles of the bars of the cross depend on the orientation of the screen relative to the camera.

It consists of a revolving solid equilateral triangular prism made of wood. On each of its three faces, a different scene is painted, so that, by quickly revolving the periaktos, another face can appear to the audience. Other solid polygons can be used, such as cubes, but triangular prisms offer the best combination of simplicity, speed and number of scenes per device. A tabletop model of a set with two periaktoi A series of periaktoi positioned one after the other along the stage's depth can produce the illusion of a longer scene, composed by its faces as seen in perspective.

Compared to the Glan–Thompson prism, the Glan–Foucault has a narrower acceptance angle over which it works, but because it uses an air gap rather than cement, much higher irradiances can be used without damage. The prism can thus be used with laser beams. The prism is also shorter (for a given usable aperture) than the Glan–Thompson design, and the deflection angle of the rejected beam can be made close to 90°, which is sometimes useful. Glan–Foucault prisms are not typically used as polarizing beamsplitters because while the transmitted beam is completely polarized, the reflected beam is not.

By in situ ellipsometry measurements it is possible to determine fundamental process parameters, such as, growth or etch rates, variation of optical properties with time. In situ ellipsometry measurements require a number of additional considerations: The sample spot is usually not as easily accessible as for ex situ measurements outside the process chamber. Therefore, the mechanical setup has to be adjusted, which can include additional optical elements (mirrors, prisms, or lenses) for redirecting or focusing the light beam. Because the environmental conditions during the process can be harsh, the sensitive optical elements of the ellipsometry setup must be separated from the hot zone.

In geometry, the hendecagonal antiprism is the ninth in an infinite set of antiprisms formed by an even-numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by two polygon caps. Antiprisms are similar to prisms except the bases are twisted relative to each other, and that the side faces are triangles, rather than quadrilaterals. In the case of a regular 11-sided base, one usually considers the case where its copy is twisted by an angle 180°/n. Extra regularity is obtained by the line connecting the base centers being perpendicular to the base planes, making it a right antiprism.

One may consider, however, that vergence tends to be less adaptive in observers with eye strain so that in these observers the prisms may permanently reduce a naturally prevailing fixation disparity. Visual ergonomics of a computer workstation may take into account the individual proximity FD-curve: individuals with a larger exo fixation disparity at near may prefer a longer viewing distance where the fixation disparity is smaller. Visual vergence training (also referred to as orthoptic exercises or vision therapy) aims to improve the physiological condition of binocular vision with eye movement exercises, including e.g. frequent dynamic vergence changes between near and far vision.

In geometry, the dodecagrammic antiprism is one in an infinite set of nonconvex antiprisms formed by triangle sides and two regular star polygon caps, in this case two dodecagrams. Antiprisms are similar to prisms except the bases are twisted relative to each other, and that the side faces are triangles, rather than quadrilaterals. In the case of a uniform 12/5 base, one usually considers the case where its copy is offset by half'. Extra regularity is obtained by the line connecting the base centers being perpendicular to the base planes, making it a right antiprism.

Ivanescu, Liviu. (7 June 2005). Arctic Astronomy. European Southern Observatory. In 1989, he began guiding for Alpine Ascents International. In 1992, Tejas was part of the team that measured the exact height of Mount Everest, and was the team member that planted the prism pole at the top of the mountain so that lasers could be used to measure the exact altitude. On 12 May 1992, Tejas, Todd Burleson and Peter Athans placed laser prisms from Bradford Washburn on the summit of Mount Everest as part of a study to determine the height.Angus- Leppan, P. V. (1982).

Monoammonium phosphate is soluble in water and crystallizes from it as the anhydrous salt in the tetragonal system, as elongated prisms or needles. It is practically insoluble in ethanol.Dejun Xu, Xing Xiong, Lin Yang, Zhiye Zhang, and Xinlong Wang (2016): "Determination of the Solubility of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate in Water-Ethanol System at Different Temperatures from 283.2 to 343.2 K". Journal of Chemincal Engineering Data, volume 61, issue 1, pages 78–82. Solid monoammonium phosphate can be considered stable in practice for temperatures up to 200 °C, when it decomposes into gaseous ammonia and molten phosphoric acid .

Although the refractive index is dependent on the wavelength in every material, some materials have a much more powerful wavelength dependence (are much more dispersive) than others. Crown glasses such as BK7 have a relatively small dispersion, while flint glasses have a much stronger dispersion (for visible light) and hence are more suitable for use as dispersive prisms. Fused quartz and other optical materials are used at ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths where normal glasses become opaque. The top angle of the prism (the angle of the edge between the input and output faces) can be widened to increase the spectral dispersion.

While light from stars and other astronomical objects are likely to twinkle, twinkling usually does not cause images of planets to flicker appreciably.Kenyon, S. L.; Lawrence, M. et al; "Atmospheric Scintillation at Dome C, Antarctica", Astronomical Society of the Pacific 118, 924–932. Stars twinkle because they are so far from Earth that they appear as point sources of light easily disturbed by Earth's atmospheric turbulence, which acts like lenses and prisms diverting the light's path. Large astronomical objects closer to Earth, like the Moon and other planets, encompass many points in space and can be resolved as objects with observable diameters.

Defect-free NaCl crystals have an optical transmittance of about 90% for infrared light, specifically between 200 nm and 20 µm. They were therefore used in optical components (windows and prisms) operating in that spectral range, where few non-absorbing alternatives exist and where requirements for absence of microscopic inhomogeneities are less strict than in the visible range. While inexpensive, NaCl crystals are soft and hygroscopic – when exposed to the ambient air, they gradually cover with "frost". This limits application of NaCl to dry environments, vacuum sealed assembly areas or for short-term uses such as prototyping.

The two meter beam is redirected several times by mirrors and prisms, which reduce the overall length, expand or focus the beam for various parts of the cavity, and eliminate one of two counter-propagating waves produced by the dye cell. The laser is capable of continuous wave operation or ultrashort picosecond pulses (trillionth of a second, equating to a beam less than of a millimeter in length). A ring dye laser. P-pump laser beam; G-gain dye jet; A-saturable absorber dye jet; M0, M1, M2-planar mirrors; OC–output coupler; CM1 to CM4-curved mirrors.

1989 - MIT spatial imaging group pioneered electroholography, which uses magnetic waves and acoustic-optical sensors to portray moving pictures onto a display 2005 - The University of Texas developed the laser plasma display, which is considered the first real 3D holographic display. 2010 - Hollow pyramid shaped prisms are released into the consumer market, which if placed over a flat screen (or smartphone), can emulate a three-dimensional image by means of 2-D light refraction. 2012 - The first holographic display is implemented in a car's interactive navigation display system. The technology was showcased through the exclusive luxury car, the Lykan HyperSport.

The Wythoff symbol is able to handle the snub form, but not general alternations without all nodes ringed. The same constructions can be made on disjointed (orthogonal) Coxeter groups like the uniform prisms, and can be seen more clearly as tilings of dihedrons and hosohedrons on the sphere, like this [6]×[] or [6,2] family: In comparison, the [6,3], family produces a parallel set of 7 uniform tilings of the Euclidean plane, and their dual tilings. There are again 3 alternations and some half symmetry version. In the hyperbolic plane [7,3], family produces a parallel set of uniform tilings, and their dual tilings.

During the 18th century, glass chandeliers were produced by Bohemians and Venetian glassmakers who were both masters in the art of making chandeliers. Bohemian style was largely successful across Europe and its biggest draw was the chance to obtain spectacular light refraction due to facets and bevels of crystal prisms. As a reaction to this new taste, Italian glass factories in Murano created new kinds of artistic light sources. Since Murano glass was not suitable for faceting, typical work realized at the time in other countries where crystal was used, Venetian glassmakers relied upon the unique qualities of their glass.

The lighthouse is a white octagonal tower, high and made of rubble stone bedded in mortar. It is situated almost in the centre of the island and was originally provided with cottages for the keepers. The first light was an oil lamp within a large (first-order) revolving catadioptric optic by Henri Lepaute of Paris, which flashed white every ten seconds; it consisted of 24 Fresnel lens panels with multiple rows of reflecting prisms above and below. There was also a fixed red light below the main light, which could be seen over a 45-degree arc of danger from the reef.

The PC-E Nikkor 24mm f/3.5D ED Lens of 2008 adds the tilt function to Nikkor's traditional shift function The 35mm 3.5 PC-Nikkor, introduced in 1961. Note the small clearance between the shifting section of the lens and the camera body. The lens cannot be mounted on later camera bodies with protruding prisms. Nikon PC lenses, like other perspective control lenses, offer adjustments that duplicate certain view camera movements. The 28mm and 35mm PC lenses support shifting the lens in relation to the film or sensor plane, while Nikon's 19mm, 24mm, 45mm, and 85mm PC-E lenses also support tilting.

They were able to cut, polish and glue together straight sections of channel waveguides of varying lengths (typically few centimeters) and cross-sections (typically few tens of microns). These waveguides were usually characterized by relatively large cross-section areas and high index contrast. As a result, unlike single mode fibers, they were multi-mode and able to maintain multiple optical modes at the same wavelength and polarization. The primary way to couple light in and out of such a waveguide was by using bulk optical components, such as prisms, mirrors and lenses, which further complicated their use in fiber-optic systems.

Private schools located in Princeton include The Lewis School of Princeton, Princeton Day School, Princeton Friends School, Hun School of Princeton, and Princeton International School of Mathematics and Science (PRISMS). St. Paul's Catholic School (pre-school to 8th grade) founded in 1878, is the oldest and only coeducational Catholic school, joining Princeton Academy of the Sacred Heart (K-8, all male) and Stuart Country Day School of the Sacred Heart (coed for Pre-K, and all-female K-12), which operate under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Trenton.School Finder, Roman Catholic Diocese of Trenton. Accessed November 29, 2019.

However, delays were encountered due to the materials shortages caused by Joseph Stalin's first five-year plan. The building is made of reinforced concrete, with sixteen-inch-thick blocks of red tuff stone from the Caucasus serving as insulation. The glass façade was intended to include an innovative heating and ventilation system. The respiration exacte (mechanical ventilation system) and the murs neutralisants (neutral walls, heating/cooling pipes between the layers of glass), both Le Corbusier's latest inventions, as well as Gustav Lyon's aeration ponctuelle method were considered for heating and refrigeration of the glass prisms and the interior.

There are also two infinite sets of uniform star prisms and uniform star antiprisms. Just as (nondegenerate) star polygons (which have Polygon density greater than 1) correspond to circular polygons with overlapping tiles, star polyhedra that do not pass through the center have polytope density greater than 1, and correspond to spherical polyhedra with overlapping tiles; there are 47 nonprismatic such uniform star polyhedra. The remaining 10 nonprismatic uniform star polyhedra, those that pass through the center, are the hemipolyhedra as well as Miller's monster, and do not have well-defined densities. The nonconvex forms are constructed from Schwarz triangles.

The first element, a horizontal cylindrical lens, is used to tightly focus the incoming signal beam into a horizontal stripe at the thick SHG crystal in order to yield a range of crystal incidence angles (more on this below). While being focused, the beam is passed through a Fresnel biprism with an apex angle close to 180°. The Fresnel biprism is essentially two thin prisms joined at their base. The effect of this element is to split the beam into two sources and superimpose the two at the focus point in the SHG crystal, thus mapping delay to horizontal position.

Over geological time there is constant recycling of the forearc deposits due to erosion, deformation and sedimentary subduction. The constant circulation of material in the forearc region (accretionary prism, forearc basin and trench) generates a mixture of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary sequences. In general, there is an increase in metamorphic grade from trench to arc where highest grade (blueschist to eclogite) is structurally uplifted (in the prisms) compared to the younger deposits (basins). Forearc regions are also where ophiolites are emplaced should obduction occur, but such deposits are not continuous and can often be removed by erosion.

It is possible to provide some daylight into spaces that have low possibility of windows or skylights through remote distribution devices such as mirrors, prisms, or light tubes. This is called anidolic lighting, from anidolic (non-image-forming) optics. The non-linear response of the human eye to light means that spreading light to a broader area of a room makes the room appear brighter, and makes more of it usefully lit. Remote daylight distribution systems have losses, and the further they have to transmit the daylight and the more convoluted the path, the greater the inefficiency.

A reflection in one axis of a plane is always equivalent to a reflection and rotation in two other axes (with the angle between the source and image being twice the angle between the source and reflection axis of the prism). Thus, Dove prisms can be used to create beam rotators, which have applications in fields such as interferometry, astronomy, and pattern recognition. Lesso and Padgett (1999) and Moreno et al. (2003, 2004) found that there is a change in the state of polarization of a beam of light on passing through a rotated dove prism.

In geometry, the hexagonal antiprism is the 4th in an infinite set of antiprisms formed by an even-numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by two polygon caps. Antiprisms are similar to prisms except the bases are twisted relative to each other, and that the side faces are triangles, rather than quadrilaterals. In the case of a regular 6-sided base, one usually considers the case where its copy is twisted by an angle 180°/n. Extra regularity is obtained by the line connecting the base centers being perpendicular to the base planes, making it a right antiprism.

The Nauru graph as a unit distance graph, from . As with all generalized Petersen graphs, the Nauru graph can be represented by points in the plane in such a way that adjacent vertices are at unit distance apart; that is, it is a unit distance graph.. It and the prisms are the only generalized Petersen graphs G(n,p) that cannot be so represented in such a way that the symmetries of the drawing form a cyclic group of order n. Instead, its unit distance graph representation has the dihedral group Dih6 as its symmetry group.

The two telescopes in binoculars are aligned in parallel (collimated), to produce a single circular, apparently three-dimensional, image. Misalignment will cause the binoculars to produce a double image. Even slight misalignment will cause vague discomfort and visual fatigue as the brain tries to combine the skewed images.Stephen Mensing, Star gazing through binoculars: a complete guide to binocular astronomy, page 32 Alignment is performed by small movements to the prisms, by adjusting an internal support cell or by turning external set screws, or by adjusting the position of the objective via eccentric rings built into the objective cell.

In binoculars with Schmidt–Pechan roof prisms, mirror coatings are added to some surfaces of the roof prism because the light is incident at one of the prism's glass-air boundaries at an angle less than the critical angle so total internal reflection does not occur. Without a mirror coating most of that light would be lost. Schmidt–Pechan roof prism aluminum mirror coating (reflectivity of 87% to 93%) or silver mirror coating (reflectivity of 95% to 98%) is used. In older designs silver mirror coatings were used but these coatings oxidized and lost reflectivity over time in unsealed binoculars.

The mall's architect Robert Stockwell commissioned artist Joseph Young to create the sculpture, and it was installed in 1975. Young's original plans called for a kinetic sculpture, which would use motion sensors and a computer controlled system to detect and translate the motions of passersby into patterns of light and sound displayed by the Venetian glass prisms and carillon. Young predicted that his public artwork would eventually become known as "the Rosetta Stone of art and technology" and boasted that it was the world's first "polyphonoptic" tower. He also said that Triforium was a tribute to the unfinished, kaleidoscopic nature of Los Angeles.

Tag, p. 11.), and accidentally discovered that fish glue was heat-resistant, making it suitable for use in the lens. The prototype, with a lens panel 55cm square, containing 97 polygonal (not annular) prisms, was finished in March 1820 – and so impressed the commission that Fresnel was asked for a full eight-panel version. Completed a year later, in spite of insufficient funding, this model had panels 76cm square. In a public spectacle on the evening of 13 April 1821, it was demonstrated by comparison with the most recent reflectors, which it suddenly rendered obsolete.Levitt, 2013, pp. 59–66.

One of the Stewart toroids, formed as a ring of six hexagonal prisms The Platonic solids, known to antiquity, have all faces regular polygons, all symmetric to each other (each face can be taken to each other face by a symmetry of the polyhedron). However, if less symmetry is required, a greater number of polyhedra can be formed while having all faces regular. The convex polyhedra with all faces regular were catalogued in 1966 by Norman Johnson (after earlier study e.g. by Martyn Cundy and A. P. Rollett), and have come to be known as the Johnson solids.

This can only be used with an orange filter and orthochromatic film to avoid the residual secondary spectrum (chromatic aberration). Other products included the 12" Wide Angle Lustrar Code A 30010, Focusing Magnifiers, 4" F.10 APO Lustrar Code A 10010, and Wray Process Prisms. Arthur Smith was the managing director and owner of the company, which had been created by his father, who left the Ross Optical Company to start it, initially as a small unit in Peckham. Both World Wars caused the company to grow in size, due to the manufacture of service instruments such as binoculars.

Amicite is monoclinic, so the crystallography has three axes of unequal length and the angles between two of the axes are 90 degrees and one is less than 90. Amicite is also pseudotetragonal with a=10.23, b=10.43, c=9.88, and d= 89, and belongs to the space group I2.It appears as small colorless crystals, formed by the rhombic prisms {110} and {001}, combined in such a way that the crystal appears to be a dipyramid. Amicite is classified as biaxial anisotropic so the velocity of light varies depending on direction through the mineral, as well as showing double refraction.

Lenses of this type have been made from silicon, plastic, and lithium. To address the challenge with absorption in the lens, each prism in the saw-tooth lens can be exchanged for a column of smaller prisms, hence removing phase shifts of 2π that do not contribute to refraction but add absorption. This scheme is similar to the approximation of a conventional parabolic lens by a zone plate. The relatively simple manufacturing of the saw-tooth refractive lens and the prism-array lens make them usable also outside of research and both have been suggested for applications in medical x-ray imaging.

Souter Lighthouse's original generator Trinity House had carried out an extensive testing and selection process over five years and included comparison with oil lights and examination of equipment in Britain and France. The 800,000 candle power light was generated using carbon arcs and not an incandescent light bulb, and could be seen for up to 26 miles. The optics were designed and built by James Chance in 1870. The main lens array consisted of a third-order fixed catadioptric optic surrounded by a revolving assembly of eight vertical condensing-prisms which produced one flash every minute.

In geometry, an Archimedean solid is one of the 13 solids first enumerated by Archimedes. They are the convex uniform polyhedra composed of regular polygons meeting in identical vertices, excluding the five Platonic solids (which are composed of only one type of polygon) and excluding the prisms and antiprisms. They differ from the Johnson solids, whose regular polygonal faces do not meet in identical vertices. "Identical vertices" means that each two vertices are symmetric to each other: A global isometry of the entire solid takes one vertex to the other while laying the solid directly on its initial position.

View of the Prismas Basálticos Waterfall The Basaltic Prisms of Santa María Regla (Prismas basálticos de Santa María Regla in Spanish) are tall columns of basalt rock that line a ravine through which water runs from the San Antonio Dam. This ravine area was part of the Santa María Regla Hacienda and was first promoted by Alexander von Humboldt in 1803. The walls of the canyon, called the Barranca de Alcholoya, are lined by polygonal columns between thirty and fifty meters high with five or six sides. The basalt columns were created by the slow cooling of volcanic lava.

The Schmidt-Pechan is based on the Pechan prism design: Both are a composite of two prisms, separated by an air gap. The Pechan will invert or revert (flip) the image, depending on the orientation of the prism, but not both at the same time. For the Schmidt- Pechan design, the upper prism from the Pechan design is replaced with a Schmidt roof prism, so the Schmidt–Pechan prism can both invert and revert the image and so act as an image rotator. The lower prism is known as a half-penta prism or Bauernfeind prism.

Campbell Thompson and M E L Mallowan, "The British Museum excavations at Nineveh 1931–32," Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology, vol. 20, pp. 71–186, 1933 Some works were carried out outside Kuyunjiq, for instance on the mound of Tell Nebi Yunus, which was the ancient arsenal of Nineveh, or along the outside walls. Here, near the northwestern corner of the walls, beyond the pavement of a later building, the archaeologists found almost 300 fragments of prisms recording the royal annals of Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, and Ashurbanipal, beside a prism of Esarhaddon which was almost perfect.

In geometry, the octagonal antiprism is the 6th in an infinite set of antiprisms formed by an even-numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by two polygon caps. Antiprisms are similar to prisms except the bases are twisted relative to each other, and that the side faces are triangles, rather than quadrilaterals. In the case of a regular 8-sided base, one usually considers the case where its copy is twisted by an angle 180°/n. Extra regularity is obtained by the line connecting the base centers being perpendicular to the base planes, making it a right antiprism.

For pure explosive damage, high burn rates or detonation speeds (and accompanying brisance) are generally preferable, but in guns and especially cannons, slower-burning powder decreases firing stresses. This allows for lighter, longer (and more accurate) barrels with associated decreases in production and maintenance costs. Further modifications of its burning rate were achieved by shaping the powder grains into prismatic shapes, typically single-perforated hexagonal or octagonal prisms. They became obsolete as a propellant due to the introduction of nitro-explosive propellants such as Poudre B, in France, and later by Nobel's ballistite and, in Britain, by cordite.

The story is told through a series of reflection puzzles wherein the player swipes the screen to reflect a beam around a room to its intended destination. Mikengreg felt that their first theme of light, prisms, and audio signal too closely mimicked "a hacking minigame from a bigger AAA game like BioShock or System Shock", but eventually paired the concept with a satirical Edward Snowden theme following the mid-2013 global surveillance disclosures. Their original efforts were jocular, but their concept became more serious as the story and "political message" grew deeper. Boxleiter wrote most of the script, which is over 20,000 words.

Although Ferugliotherium teeth are much lower-crowned than those of the Sudamericidae, they share an essentially similar pattern on the occlusal (chewing) surface of mf1 and mf2, similar incisors, backward jaw movement during chewing, and enamel with small prisms. Ferugliotherium is thought to have been a small animal, with a body mass of about 70 g (2.5 oz), and may have eaten insects and plant material. Its remains have been found in two geological formations of southern Argentina, where it is part of a mammal fauna that also includes the sudamericid Gondwanatherium and a variety of dryolestoids.

The roots of MACN Pv-RN 174 are preserved; at the front and back of the tooth, there is a pair of roots, which are fused near their bases. It has small enamel prisms. Krause and colleagues suggested in 1992 that 174 and 175 were mf1s of Ferugliotherium on the basis of similarities with 253, and Krause confirmed this in 1993 by describing the complete mf1 MLP 88-III-28-1. The related ferugliotheriid genus Trapalcotherium is known from a single mf1, which is similar to Ferugliotherium mf1s but different in some morphological details (see Trapalcotherium: Relationships).

Ekanayaka's debut album of compositions for solo piano composed, performed and produced by her, Reinventions: Rhapsodies for Piano, came out in 2015. It represents the first album of works solely by a composer of Sri Lankan nationality to be released by a major international label. Each work in the album builds upon a motif inspired by the tonality of the works which preceded it in its primary concert performance and adaptations of melodies belonging to genres of Sri Lankan traditional and folk music. Twelve Piano Prisms, her second solo album of works for the piano, was released on 14 September 2018.

The light is a third-order Fresnel lens with lenses, prisms and mechanism manufactured in France in 1853. A larger, second-order light had been planned, but delay in shipment caused the present light, originally destined for the Fort Point Lighthouse in San Francisco, to be installed instead. The first light source was a whale oil lantern set inside the lens, whose tank the keeper had to climb the tower to fill several times a night. Whale oil was very expensive and was soon replaced by liquified lard oil which gave way to kerosene in 1880.

See external links This calculated range rate was fed back to the UD4 where it powered a motor to move prisms within the UD4. If all the measurements were correct, this movement would track the target, making it appear motionless in the sights.HACS III Operating Manual Part 2, paragraph 300,301HACS III Operating Manual Part 1, paragraph 2 (a) If the target had apparent movement, the UD4 operator would adjust the range and height, and in so doing would update the generated range rate, thereby creating a feedback loop which could establish an estimate of the target's true speed and direction.

The mascles on the arms of the House of Rohan refer to crystal twinnings, which are large crystals of chiastolite (andalusite) that develop in Ordovician schists. They are almost square-sectioned prisms. These stones, which were called appelées pendant des siècles "mascles", abound in the Salles de Rohan, so much that the Viscounts of Rohan, stricken by their beauty and the likeness with the lozenge, put seven mascles or on their coat of arms; their descendants added two more in the middle of the 16th century.Louis Chauris, Minéraux de Bretagne, Saint-Julien-du-Pinet, Les Éditions du Piat, 2014.

During this time, the two also worked separately, and Wohlwend released the well-received Threes with Asher Vollmer in 2014. Wohlwend tried to fit audio signal elements into TouchTone nascent theme of light, lasers, and prisms. They felt this direction was unsuccessful, like a "boring Flash game", and that the game too closely mimicked "a hacking minigame from a bigger AAA game like BioShock or System Shock". TouchTone found its theme following the Edward Snowden global surveillance disclosures in mid 2013, as Mikengreg felt they could provide satirical commentary through the "hacking" element of the game.

As part of a Yucatecan state project to open new media markets, Peniche helped create the Diario del Sureste (Journal of the Southeast) in 1931 and at the beginning of the next decade, around 1943, she and other local writers founded a literary society called Juana de Asbaje. Throughout her life, Peniche published poems and articles in her own name and under the pseudonyms "Miosotis" and "Betty". She published a regular column, called Prismas (Prisms), which appeared in many publications throughout the region. Peniche married fellow poet, Miguel Ponce Casares (31 January 1890 – 8 February 1978) on 27 November 1915.

The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research facility was founded by Amos Richmond, and its faculty is part of the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. It has a solar energy research program that has assisted in the development of passive heating, involving the mitigation of extremes of heat and cold in the desert through efficient storage from day to nighttime. One research project is an inhabited adobe house with rational fenestration. Prisms that transmit heat during the day are installed in the room and can be rotated to allow the heat to discharge at night.

If this theory is correct, anthelia should only appear together with these other haloes. However, anthelia occur unaccompanied by other plate crystal haloes, thus scientists have produced alternative explanations. The Dutch professor S.W. Visser proposed they form by two exterior light reflections in quadrangular prisms, while Robert Greenler has suggested two interior reflections in column-shaped crystals produces the phenomenon. While the anthelion area is usually sparse on haloes, in a complex display it features various rare optic phenomena: Flanking the anthelion on the parhelic circle are two 120° parhelia (and two Liljequist parhelia) caused by plate crystals.

The OPO source enabled nanoscale infrared spectroscopy over a tuning range of roughly 1000–4000 cm−1 or 2.5-10 μm. The initial product required samples to be mounted on infrared-transparent prisms, with the infrared light being directed from below in the manner of Dazzi et al.An arrangement is similar to attenuated total reflectance (ATR) schemes used in conventional infrared spectroscopy For best operation, this illumination scheme required thin samples, with optimal thickness of less than 1 μm, prepared on the surface of the prism. In 2013, Anasys released an AFM-IR instrument based on the work of Hill et al.

During this time, Bulk and Skull started showing greater intelligence and initiative than before, coming up with complicated plans and utilizing bizarre gadgets. They discovered the Rangers' identities twice. At one time, they saved the Rangers when the Ranger team lost their memories and de-morphed in front of them - Bulk and Skull tricked the Scatterbrain monster to fire his amnesia beam through two prisms, distorting the beam and restoring the Rangers' memories. Unfortunately, Bulk and Skull lost their short-term memories in the process due to being flung back by the amnesia beam and landing on their heads.

Magnesium fluoride is transparent over an extremely wide range of wavelengths. Windows, lenses, and prisms made of this material can be used over the entire range of wavelengths from 0.120 μm (vacuum ultraviolet) to 8.0 μm (infrared). High quality synthetic VUV grade MgF2 is quite expensive, in the region of $3/kg (2007) but the real cost of optics in this material is due to relatively low volume manufacture. However, with lithium fluoride it is one of the two materials that will transmit in the vacuum ultraviolet range at 121 nm (Lyman alpha) and this is where it finds its application.

In organic chemistry, a tricarbonate is a compound containing the divalent [–O–(C=O)–O–(C=O)–O–(C=O)–O–] functional group, which consists of three carbonate groups in tandem, sharing two oxygen atoms. These compounds can be viewed as double esters of a hypothetical tricarbonic acid, HO–(C=O)–O–(C=O)–O–(C=O)–OH. An important example is di-tert-butyl tricarbonate (H3C–)3C–C3O7–C(–CH3)3, a chemical reagent (colorless prisms that melt at 62–63 °C with decomposition, soluble in pentane).Barry M. Pope, Yutaka Yamamoto, and D. Stanley Tarbell (1977), "Di-tert-Butyl Dicarbonate".

In it, a new, more powerful revolving optic was installed, designed by James Timmins Chance: a six-sided symmetrical optic of the first-order, with refracting prisms above and below the central lens elements. At the time its six lens panels (at 60° to the circle) were 'the widest in azimuth hitherto constructed, except some of those of Flamborough Head'; the increase in power, compared to the old 45° lenses, was of the order of 3 to 2. Apparatus of the same design were installed the following year in lighthouses at South Stack and Cape Bon.

This altered basic glass is known as "palagonite"; concentric bands of it often surround kernels of unaltered tachylite, and are so soft that they are easily cut with a knife. In the palagonite the minerals are also decomposed and are represented only by pseudomorphs. The fresh tachylite glass, however, often contains lozenge-shaped crystals of plagioclase feldspar and small prisms of augite and olivine, but all these minerals very frequently occur mainly as microlites or as beautiful skeletal growths with sharply- pointed corners or ramifying processes. Palagonite tuffs are found also among the older volcanic rocks.

Guides in the form of a hollow tube with a highly reflective inner surface have also been used as light pipes for illumination applications. The inner surfaces may be polished metal, or may be covered with a multilayer film that guides light by Bragg reflection (this is a special case of a photonic-crystal fiber). One can also use small prisms around the pipe which reflect light via total internal reflection --such confinement is necessarily imperfect, however, since total internal reflection can never truly guide light within a lower-index core (in the prism case, some light leaks out at the prism corners).

On May 15, 1874, the Gay Head Light was changed from flashing white to "three whites and one red" to differentiate the light from the area's two other principal lights located at Sankaty Head and Montauk Point. All three lights had Fresnel lenses, however, the Gay Head Light was the only light of the 1st Order. The addition of the red flash signal required the exterior vertical installation of a red screen from top to bottom along every fourth row of prisms of the rotating Fresnel lens. The illuminator of the Fresnel was a lamp with five concentric wicks, the largest being five inches in diameter.

A Porro–Abbe prism A Porro–Abbe prism (sometimes called a Abbe–Porro prism), named for Ignazio Porro and Ernst Abbe, is a type of reflection prism used in some optical instruments to alter the orientation of an image. It is a variant of the more common double Porro prism configuration. It is made from a piece of glass shaped like four right-angled reflecting prisms joined face-to-face in a twisted fashion. Light enters one flat face, is internally reflected four times from the sloping faces of the prism, and exits the second flat face offset from, but in the same direction as the entrance beam.

They vary in use and functions, but many companies offer profile and wash versions of the same model of light. Profile lights generally contain features like gobos and prisms, whereas wash lights have simpler optics and a wider beam aperture resulting in wider beam angle, which may be altered by internal lenses or “frost effects”. Wash lights are more likely to have CMY colour mixing although it is common for high-end spot lights to have such features too. Spot units are generally used for their beam effect (usually through smoke or haze) and the ability to project texture, whereas wash lights tend to be used for providing a stage wash.

Stewart measured radiated power with a thermo-pile and sensitive galvanometer read with a microscope. He was concerned with selective thermal radiation, which he investigated with plates of substances that radiated and absorbed selectively for different qualities of radiation rather than maximally for all qualities of radiation. He discussed the experiments in terms of rays which could be reflected and refracted, and which obeyed the Stokes-Helmholtz reciprocity principle (though he did not use an eponym for it). He did not in this paper mention that the qualities of the rays might be described by their wavelengths, nor did he use spectrally resolving apparatus such as prisms or diffraction gratings.

3D model of a gyrobifastigium In geometry, the gyrobifastigium is the 26th Johnson solid (J26). It can be constructed by joining two face-regular triangular prisms along corresponding square faces, giving a quarter-turn to one prism.. It is the only Johnson solid that can tile three-dimensional space. It is also the vertex figure of the nonuniform p-q duoantiprism (if p and q are greater than 2). Despite the fact that p, q = 3 would yield a geometrically identical equivalent to the Johnson solid, it lacks a circumscribed sphere that touches all vertices, except for the case p = 5, q = 5/3, which represents a uniform great duoantiprism.

Cells are tetrahedra constructed as all permutations of edge pairs between each polygon. It can be understood by analogy to the relation of the 3D prisms and their dual bipyramids with Schläfli symbol { } + {p}, and a rhombus in 2D as { } + { }. A bipyramid can be seen as a 3D degenerated duopyramid, by adding an edge across the digon { } on the inner axis, and adding intersecting interior triangles and tetrahedra connecting that new edge to p-gon vertices and edges. Other nonuniform polychora can be called duopyramids by the same construction, as two orthogonal and co-centered polygons, connected with edges with all combinations of vertex pairs between the polygons.

At the same time the lamp was increased from four wicks to six and a system of 'dioptric mirrors' (prisms) was installed to redirect light from the landward side of the lamp out to sea. In 1868 a Daboll trumpet fog signal was installed in a building on the cliff edge; it used an Ericsson 4 hp caloric engine to sound a reed attached to an acoustic horn, once every 20 seconds. In October 1876, the reed was changed to a more powerful siren which sounded two blasts every four minutes. In the 1880s the decision was taken to convert the St Catherine's light to electric power.

Other proteins that contain beta helices include the antifreeze proteins from the beetle Tenebrio molitor (right-handed) and from the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (left-handed), where regularly spaced threonines on the β-helices bind to the surface of ice crystals and inhibit their growth. Beta helices can associate with each other effectively, either face-to-face (mating the faces of their triangular prisms) or end-to-end (forming hydrogen bonds). Hence, β-helices can be used as "tags" to induce other proteins to associate, similar to coiled coil segments. Members of the pentapeptide repeat family have been shown to possess a quadrilateral beta- helix structure.

Fixation disparity can differ considerably between observers with normal binocular vision. The following conditions of subjective fixation disparity tend to be more prevalent in observers with eye strain. Near-vision subjective fixation disparity (sFD0) tends to be larger in the exo direction and the aligning prisms (sP0) tends to be more base-in, suggesting that the eyes tend to under- converge. Most of these studies used the Mallett-unit, which consists of a small central fixation letter X surrounded by two letters O, one on each side of X. The prism FD-curve (measured subjectively in near vision) tends to have a steeper slope (see Fig.

In a different approach to optical tunneling, Balcou and Dutriaux measured the group delay associated with light transport across a small gap between two prisms. When a light beam travelling through a prism impinges upon the glass-air interface at an angle greater than a certain critical angle, it undergoes total internal reflection and no energy is transmitted into the air. However, when another prism is brought very close (within a wavelength) to the first prism, light can tunnel across the gap and carry energy into the second prism. This phenomenon is known as frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) and is an optical analog of quantum tunneling.

The pentagonal pyramid (J2) is an example that has a degree-5 vertex. Although there is no obvious restriction that any given regular polygon cannot be a face of a Johnson solid, it turns out that the faces of Johnson solids which is not uniform (i.e., not a Platonic solid, Archimedean solid, uniform prism, or uniform antiprism) always have 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, or 10 sides. In 1966, Norman Johnson published a list which included all 92 Johnson solids (excluding the 5 Platinic solids , the 13 Archimedean solids, the infinity many uniform prisms, and the infinitely many uniform antiprisms), and gave them their names and numbers.

3D model of an augmented sphenocorona In geometry, the augmented sphenocorona is one of the Johnson solids (J87), and is obtained by adding a square pyramid to one of the square faces of the sphenocorona. It is the only Johnson solid arising from "cut and paste" manipulations where the components are not all prisms, antiprisms or sections of Platonic or Archimedean solids. . Johnson uses the prefix spheno- to refer to a wedge-like complex formed by two adjacent lunes, a lune being a square with equilateral triangles attached on opposite sides. Likewise, the suffix -corona refers to a crownlike complex of 8 equilateral triangles.

GBIC and SFP CWDM optics allow a legacy switch system to be "converted" to enable wavelength multiplexed transport over a fiber by selecting compatible transceiver wavelengths for use with an inexpensive passive optical multiplexing device. The 10GBASE-LX4 10 Gbit/s physical layer standard is an example of a CWDM system in which four wavelengths near 1310 nm, each carrying a 3.125 gigabit-per-second (Gbit/s) data stream, are used to carry 10 Gbit/s of aggregate data. Passive CWDM is an implementation of CWDM that uses no electrical power. It separates the wavelengths using passive optical components such as bandpass filters and prisms.

Second, the shape of each piece reflects how it moves: pawns and rooks move in straight lines and are represented as rectangular prisms, the bishops feature diagonal lines, the king has both straight and diagonal elements, and the knights are L-shaped. The chess sets were sold in two versions, a "daily use" version ( _Gebrauchsspiel_ ) which cost 51 Marks, and a hand-made "luxury" version ( _Luxusspiel_ ) which used more expensive types of wood and cost 155 Marks. As was the case with most Bauhaus products, this was too expensive for most consumers, and the chess sets remained a luxury item sold in small numbers.

The nonvolatility of (MeLi)4 and its insolubility in alkanes results from the fact that the clusters interact via further inter-cluster agostic interactions. In contrast the bulkier cluster (tertiary-butylLi)4, where intercluster interactions are precluded by steric effects, is volatile as well as soluble in alkanes. File:tetramer1.jpg 150px 150px Colour code: Li- purple C- black H- white The hexameric form features hexagonal prisms with Li and C atoms again at alternate corners. File:hexamer1.jpg 150px 150px Colour code: Li- purple C- black H- white The degree of aggregation, "n" for (MeLi)n, depends upon the solvent and the presence of additives (such as lithium bromide).

In ophthalmology, horror fusionis is a condition in which the eyes have an unsteady deviation, with the extraocular muscles performing spasm-like movements that continuously shift the eyes away from the position in which they would be directed to the same point in space, giving rise to diplopia. Even when the double vision images are made to nearly overlap using optical means such as prisms, the irregular movements prevent binocular fusion. The name horror fusionis (Latin phrase literally meaning "fear of fusion") arises from the notion that the brain is, or at least appears to be, actively preventing binocular fusion. The condition is an extreme type of binocular fusion deficiency.

Modern chandeliers have a more modernized design that uses LEDs, and combines the elements of both classic and contemporary designs; some are also equipped with refractive crystal prisms or small mirrors. Chandeliers are distinct from pendant lights, as they usually consist of multiple lamps and hang in branched frames, whereas pendant lights hang from a single cord and only contain one or two lamps with fewer decorative elements. Due to their size, they are often installed in hallways, living rooms, staircases, lounges, and dining rooms. However, miniature chandeliers also exist, which can be installed in smaller spaces such as bedrooms or small living spaces.

First durable colour photographic image, demonstrated by James Clerk Maxwell in an 1861 lecture Along with most physicists of the time, Maxwell had a strong interest in psychology. Following in the steps of Isaac Newton and Thomas Young, he was particularly interested in the study of colour vision. From 1855 to 1872, Maxwell published at intervals a series of investigations concerning the perception of colour, colour-blindness, and colour theory, and was awarded the Rumford Medal for "On the Theory of Colour Vision". Isaac Newton had demonstrated, using prisms, that white light, such as sunlight, is composed of a number of monochromatic components which could then be recombined into white light.

The Bell Casters of Troy The stained glass in the sanctuary and transept was installed by the Franz Mayer firm of Munich, Germany and includes depictions of the Annunciation, the Birth of Jesus, the Crucifixion, the Resurrection, the Ascension, and the Second Coming. Large side windows show the Conferral of Keys to Saint Peter and Jesus' supper at the house of the Publican. There are also stained glass windows of the Life of St. Peter and four of the Western Doctors of the Church. Renovations in 1992-1993 included the resetting of all the stained glass and the installation of many glass prisms to refocus sunlight into the interior.

The near infrared channel is a pathfinder for the future James Webb Space Telescope. Both channels have a variety of broad and narrow-band filters, as well as prisms and grisms, which enable wide-field, very-low-resolution spectroscopy that is useful for surveys. The optical channel covers the visible spectrum (380 nm to 780 nm) with high efficiency, and is also able to see into the near ultraviolet (down to 200 nm). The IR channel is designed to lack sensitivity beyond 1700 nm (as compared with the 2500 nm limit for NICMOS) to avoid being swamped by thermal background coming from the relatively warm HST structure.

25 × 150 binoculars adapted for astronomical use Binoculars are widely used by amateur astronomers; their wide field of view makes them useful for comet and supernova seeking (giant binoculars) and general observation (portable binoculars). Binoculars specifically geared towards astronomical viewing will have larger aperture objectives (in the 70 mm or 80 mm range) because the diameter of the objective lens increases the total amount of light captured, and therefore determines the faintest star that can be observed. Binoculars designed specifically for astronomical viewing (often 80 mm and larger) are sometimes designed without prisms in order to allow maximum light transmission. Such binoculars also usually have changeable eyepieces to vary magnification.

Historically, the calculation of glass properties is directly related to the founding of glass science. At the end of the 19th century the physicist Ernst Abbe developed equations that allow calculating the design of optimized optical microscopes in Jena, Germany, stimulated by co-operation with the optical workshop of Carl Zeiss. Before Ernst Abbe's time the building of microscopes was mainly a work of art and experienced craftsmanship, resulting in very expensive optical microscopes with variable quality. Now Ernst Abbe knew exactly how to construct an excellent microscope, but unfortunately, the required lenses and prisms with specific ratios of refractive index and dispersion did not exist.

IEC 60598 No Cool Beam symbol Recessed or enclosed luminaires that are unsuitable for use with dichroic reflector lights can be identified by the IEC 60598 No Cool Beam symbol. In fluorescence microscopy, dichroic filters are used as beam splitters to direct illumination of an excitation frequency toward the sample and then at an analyzer to reject that same excitation frequency but pass a particular emission frequency. Some LCD projectors use dichroic filters instead of prisms to split the white light from the lamp into the three colours before passing it through the three LCD units. Six-segment dichroic color wheel from a DLP projector.

In 1841 major renovations were made,Woolmer's Exeter and Plymouth Gazette, 15 May 1841 under the direction of engineer Henry Norris of Messrs. Walker & Burges, including complete repointing, replacement water tanks and filling of a large cavity in the rock close to the foundations. In 1845 the lighthouse was equipped with a new second-order fixed catadioptric optic,image manufactured by Henry Lepaute of Paris, with a single multi-wick oil lamp, replacing the old lamps and reflectors. This was the first time that a fully catadioptric large optic (using prisms rather than mirrors above and below the lens) had been constructed, and the first such installation in any lighthouse.

The spectrograph was to be used instead to study extended, low-surface-brightness gaseous nebulae or irregular galaxies. Mayall's thesis advisor, William Hammond Wright, and the then head of the Lick stellar spectroscopy program, Joseph Haines Moore, encouraged him to develop his spectrograph. The device was constructed by the Lick Observatory's own workshop, and proved to be more efficient for extended, low- surface-brightness objects, particularly in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum, thus confirming the expectations of Mayall. With Wright's strong encouragement, Mayall had used fused quartz to make ultraviolet transmitting optics, whereas the Mt. Wilson spectrographs used heavy glass lenses and prisms, which absorb ultraviolet radiation.

Sennacherib's Annals are the annals of the Assyrian king Sennacherib. They are found inscribed on a number of artifacts, and the final versions were found in three clay prisms inscribed with the same text: the Taylor Prism is in the British Museum, the Oriental Institute Prism in the Oriental Institute of Chicago, and the Jerusalem Prism is in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. The Taylor Prism is one of the earliest cuneiform artifacts analysed in modern Assyriology, having been found a few years before the modern deciphering of cuneiform. The annals themselves are notable for describing Sennacherib's siege of Jerusalem during the reign of king Hezekiah.

He had already, while still at Leipzig, highlighted the unique nature of historical landlord and tenant relationships in Bavaria, and in 1949 he published the resulting study under the title Die bayerische Grundherrschaft – Untersuchungen über die Agrarverfassung Altbayerns im 16.–18. Jahrhundert ("Bavarian Manorialism – Investigations into the agrarian constitutional structures in old Bavaria from sixteenth to eighteenth centuries"). In addition to these agrarian historical themes, Lütge's postwar research scope covered trade and commerce, notably in protestant Nuremberg. He also re- evaluated conventional definitions of western historical periods through the prisms of economic and agrarian history, both in writing and in lectures, which gave rise to lively discussions between experts.

Lawsonite has crystal habits of orthorhombic prismatic, which are crystals shaped like slender prisms, or tubular figures, which are form dimensions that are thin in one direction, both with two perfect cleavages. This crystal is transparent to translucent and varies in color from white to pale blue to colorless with a white streak and a vitreous or greasy luster. It has a relatively low specific gravity of 3.1g/cm3, and a pretty high hardness of 7.5 on Mohs scale of hardness, slightly higher than quartz. Under the microscope, lawsonite can be seen as blue, yellow, or colorless under plane polarized light while the stage is rotated.

The number of different shapes of the Rubik's Snake is at most 423 = (⁠ ⁠≈⁠ ⁠7×1013 or 70trillion), i.e. 23 turning areas with 4 positions each. The real number of different shapes is lower, since some configurations are spatially impossible (because they would require multiple prisms to occupy the same region of space). Berkes Dániel and Jakab Ferenc computed by an exhaustive search that (≈ 1×1013) positions are possible when prohibiting prism collisions, or passing through a collision to reach another position; or (≈ 7×1012) when mirror images (defined as the same sequence of turns, but from the other end of the snake) are counted as the one position.

Miranda Sensorex which featured interchangeable prisms The Miranda Camera Company, originally named the Orion Camera Company, manufactured cameras in Japan between 1955 and 1978. Their first camera was the Miranda T. Many of their products were single-lens reflex cameras for 135 film (35 mm). Unlike many Japanese made cameras, Miranda did not make their own lenses and had to rely on other manufacturers to supply them. All their SLR cameras, except the dx-3, had interchangeable pentaprisms (released by moving a button or twisting the base of the film rewind knob), and a unique dual lens mount; an external bayonet mount or a 44mm thread mount within the mirror box.

First, not surprisingly, Newton pointed out the relationship between TIR and dispersion: when a beam of white light approaches a glass-to-air interface at increasing obliquity, the most strongly-refracted rays (violet) are the first to be "taken out" by "total Reflexion", followed by the less-refracted rays.Newton, 1730, pp.56–62,264. Second, he observed that total reflection could be frustrated (as we now say) by laying together two prisms, one plane and the other slightly convex; and he explained this simply by noting that the corpuscles would be attracted not only to the first prism, but also to the second.Newton, 1730, pp.371–2.

Dickinson expanded the reach of the Sonoma orogeny as follows: segments of accreted Permian island arcs, composed of volcanic and volcaniclastic strata and paired geotectonically with Sonoma accretionary prisms to the east, are present in the Klamath-Sierran region of the Cordilleran orogen to the south of volcanic cover in the Pacific Northwest. Burchfiel and Davis presented a detailed model relating the Sonoma orogeny to convergent plate tectonic processes. They postulated an east-dipping subduction zone beneath a magmatic arc to the west of the continent. In this scheme, a back-arc basin floored by oceanic crust lay between the arc and the continent.

In 1984 Ansel attended Middlesex Polytechnic with Dr. John Vince, studying Fortran and his custom PICASO graphics software. In 1986 she started working in Australia 3D with Gary Tregaskis on his in-house 3D software, which transitioned into his world release of Flame. She continued working through various Australian production companies, gaining experience on Alias/Wavefront, SoftImage, Prisms (Houdini) and code-based compositing. Her early broadcast CG work includes 3D animations and design for national TV sports and station IDs, Barcelona Olympics and various music videos. She worked on ‘lightpen’ animations for Pete Townshend’s film White City and Face the Face, directed by Richard Lowenstein.

This 19th-century lens technology used carefully fitted glass prisms to mathematically focus a beam of light onto the sometimes-stormy waters of the Great Lakes. Most Fresnel lenses have been rendered obsolete by high-intensity sealed beam lamps, so the lighthouses that formerly used them have transferred or lent them to the Museum. Outdoor features of the Marquette Maritime Museum include a harborside memorial to the World War II United States Navy submarines USS Darter and USS Dace, two attack submarines credited with a key role in the 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf. These two submarines are honored here because David McClintock (Darter) was a Marquette resident.

Also related are the ditetragoltriates or octagoltriates, formed by taking the octagon (considered to be a ditetragon or a truncated square) to a p-gon. The octagon of a p-gon can be clearly defined if one assumes that the octagon is the convex hull of two perpendicular rectangles; then the p-gonal ditetragoltriate is the convex hull of two p-p duoprisms (where the p-gons are similar but not congruent, having different sizes) in perpendicular orientations. The resulting polychoron is isogonal and has 2p p-gonal prisms and p2 rectangular trapezoprisms (a cube with D2d symmetry) but cannot be made uniform. The vertex figure is a triangular bipyramid.

Light sculpture and moving sculpture are the components of his Light-Space Modulator (1922–30), One of the first Light art pieces which also combines kinetic art.Tate bio Retrieved January 17, 2011 Retrieved January 17, 2011 The multiple origins of the term itself involve, as the name suggests, light and movement. There was an early cybernetic artist, Nicolas Schöffer, who developed walls of light, prisms, and video circuits under the term in the 50s. Artist/engineer Frank Malina came up with the Lumidyne system of lighting (CITE), and his work Tableaux mobiles (moving paintings) is an example of Lumino Kinetic art of that period.

The solar window is a gift given in August 1987 by Dr. and Mrs. William M. Staerkel in memory of their parents and as a tribute to the dedicated Parkland College faculty and staff. The solar window, created by artist Arthur Stern, is an abstract representation of the changing daily path of the sun across the sky, from June (top), when the sun is highest and daylight is longest, to December (bottom), when the sun is lowest and daylight is shortest, and back to June. When the sun shines through the window, embedded prisms split the sunlight into its component colors and cast small rainbow-like patterns called spectra inside the building.

In the process of cantellation, a polytope's 2-faces are effectively shrunk. The rhombicuboctahedron can be called a cantellated cube, since if its six faces are shrunk in their respective planes, each vertex will separate into the three vertices of the rhombicuboctahedron's triangles, and each edge will separate into two of the opposite edges of the rhombicuboctahedrons twelve non-axial squares. When the same process is applied to the tesseract, each of the eight cubes becomes a rhombicuboctahedron in the described way. In addition however, since each cube's edge was previously shared with two other cubes, the separating edges form the three parallel edges of a triangular prism—32 triangular prisms, since there were 32 edges.

The Bausch and Lomb Keratometer is a one position keratometer that gives readings in dioptric form. It differs from the Javal- Schiotz in that object size is fixed, image size is the manipulable variable. The reflected rays are passed through a Scheiner disc with 4 apertures – As there are two prisms, each aligned perpendicular to the other, the major and minor axis powers can be measured independently without adjusting the orientation of the instrument. In converting the measurements obtained from the corneal surface into a dioptric value, the B&L; keratometer uses the general lens formula (n’-n)/R and assumes an n’ of 1.3375 (compared to the actual corneal refractive index of n’=1.376).

Haase developed a method which is intended to improve binocular vision called the MKH method (short for: Mess- und Korrektionsmethodik nach H.-J. Haase), which has become known in German-speaking countries in particular. The method consists in a measurement of an alleged angular misalignment (referred to as associated phoria or hidden strabismus, also called "" in German language) that is different from heterotropia or heterophoria, and involves the use of prisms for its correction. In the MKH method, this alleged misalignment is assessed by the Polatest apparatus and subsequently the patient is instructed to use prism glasses in daily life to correct for the alleged misalignment, with the prism glasses made according to the Polatest results.

Isaac Newton has been credited with the first description of conformal interaction observed through the interference phenomenon known as Newton's rings, though it was S. D. Poisson in 1823 who first described the optical characteristics of two identical surfaces in contact. It was not until the 19th century that objects were made of such precision that the binding phenomenon was observed. The clinging together was described as "wringing together", or as "ansprengen" in German. By 1900 optical contact bonding was being employed in the construction of optical prisms, and the following century saw further research into the phenomenon at the same time that ideas of inter-atom interactions were first being studied.

Instead, the solution that is currently used in practice is to perform dispersion compensation, typically by matching the fiber with another fiber of opposite-sign dispersion so that the dispersion effects cancel; such compensation is ultimately limited by nonlinear effects such as self-phase modulation, which interact with dispersion to make it very difficult to undo. Dispersion control is also important in lasers that produce short pulses. The overall dispersion of the optical resonator is a major factor in determining the duration of the pulses emitted by the laser. A pair of prisms can be arranged to produce net negative dispersion, which can be used to balance the usually positive dispersion of the laser medium.

These periaktoi must therefore be rotated simultaneously to a new position, thus achieving interesting illusions. This is made by coupling them by using sprocket gears at their bases and a flat chain or conveyor belt mechanical transmission system. A similar concept is used in some modern Trivision multi- message billboards, which are made up of a series of triangular prisms arranged so that they can be rotated to present three separate flat display surfaces in succession. Early motion picture mechanical devices, such as the praxinoscope, were also based on rapidly rotating solid polygons, which had the successive animation or photographic plates affixed or projected to each face, thus providing the optical illusion of movement.

In a Hanner polytope, every two opposite facets are disjoint, and together include all of the vertices of the polytope, so that the convex hull of the two facets is the whole polytope.. As a simple consequence of this fact, all facets of a Hanner polytope have the same number of vertices as each other (half the number of vertices of the whole polytope). However, the facets may not all be isomorphic to each other. For instance, in the octahedral prism, two of the facets are octahedra, and the other eight facets are triangular prisms. Dually, in every Hanner polytope, every two opposite vertices touch disjoint sets of facets, and together touch all of the facets of the polytope.

Based on the same concept, "Échos du Lumières" (2000) was installed in the Canal Saint-Martin, commissioned as a public space project by the City of Paris. The spectacle colors from the prisms illuminate the stone wall synchronizing with the sounds. The rest of his work include a permanent outdoor installation “Niwa (Garden)” (2001) at the Photography Museum in Paris (Maison Européenne de la Photographie), “Portail de Lumière”, an installation created as a part of the cultural project Lille 2004, and “ Light Sculpture” exhibition at Tokyo Metropolitan Teien Art Museum in 2004. In 2008, Tahara lead the project of building Ginza 888, with the artistic direction of the Museum of Islamic Art.

Just like the hyperbolic plane H2 has nontriangular polygonal domains, higher-dimensional reflective hyperbolic domains also exists. These nonsimplex domains can be considered degenerate simplices with non-intersecting mirrors given infinite order, or in a Coxeter diagram, such branches are given dotted or dashed lines. These nonsimplex domains are called Vinberg polytopes, after Ernest Vinberg for his Vinberg's algorithm for finding nonsimplex fundamental domain of a hyperbolic reflection group. Geometrically these fundamental domains can be classified as quadrilateral pyramids, or prisms or other polytopes with edges as the intersection of two mirrors having dihedral angles as π/n for n=2,3,4... In a simplex-based domain, there are n+1 mirrors for n-dimensional space.

He further improved the problematical lighting of theatres which used limelight, with his invention of the Bude-Light. Using a standard flame producer such as an oil lamp and by adding oxygen directly into the flame he produced a dramatically increased bright white light. A system of prisms and lenses distributed Bude Light to every room of his Castle house. Bude lights were fitted in the House of Commons—where it is said that he replaced 280 candles with three such lamps, which lit the House for sixty years until the arrival of electricity—as well as along Pall Mall and in Trafalgar Square where recently refurbished replicas of the two styles originally used can be seen.

The Turkish musical drama comedy film Hayat Sevince Güzel (literally: "Loving makes life beautiful"), is loosely based on Pollyanna'. The film stars Turkish actress Zeynep Degirmencioglu. The name of Pollyanna was changed to "Ayşecik" to cash in on Değirmencioğlu's status in Turkish pop culture with her signature and title role of Ayşecik in the Ayşecik film franchise. This was a common practice in her career as she frequently played the character Ayşecik in other Turkish adaptations of existing films, such as The Wizard of Oz. The plot of the film is consistent with the Disney adaptation, but certain key features are different, such as the addition of musical numbers and the absence of the prisms.

Participants were asked to look at an object, close their eyes, and try to reach out and touch it. At first, the subjects reached for the object too far to the left, but after a few trials were able to correct themselves. prismatic reversing glasses (upside down goggles with two prisms) Helmholtz theorized that perceptual adaptation might result from a process he referred to as unconscious inference, where the mind unconsciously adopts certain rules in order to make sense of what is perceived of the world. An example of this phenomenon is when a ball appears to be getting smaller and smaller, the mind will then infer that the ball is moving away from them.

So too, there is a human element in the use of materials and the production of the work, in which each thread is pulled taut from floor to ceiling by hand. The Ttéias (1979) were intended not only to create volume, but to draw lines that are nearly invisible. True to Neo-concrete art, there is a relationship between the viewer and the art as the lighting of the prisms changes according to the viewer's position in the exhibition space, accentuating the spatial relationship between the viewer and the work itself. The spectacular shimmering lines of Ttéias(1979) and the effect they produce in the viewers has been compared in lightness and weight to cathedrals.

His personal projects reveal a fascination with the way technology can embody beauty: the abstract patterns of ink drops in water, intimate portraits of tiny precision-manufactured components, or laser light in natural and man-made environments. His obsession with laser light began in the 1970s, Ruth Hartmann remembers: ″He saw there a way to make light truly "write", to "photo" "graph". He began experimenting with diffusing laser light through different kind of glass, through prisms, lenses of all kinds, through faceted doorknobs, breaking the light into pieces to make designs, to write. He then refined his techniques so as to be able to impose a controlled image of concentrated light on landscapes, then on people.

The theatre was financed by a joint stock company and built in 1864 as the Strand Musick Hall by Bassett and Keeling. This large theatre, with over 2,000 seats,Arthur Lloyd Music Hall site (early history of the Gaiety) accessed 1 March 2007 was built at a time when many new theatres were being built in London.Arthur Lloyd Music Hall site (on Gaiety) The Times 11 December 1868 accessed 1 March 2007 Unlike at many other music halls, the proprietors decided to ban smoking and drinking within the hall, and these activities were accommodated in the adjacent saloons. A novel gas lighting system was incorporated in the hall, using prisms and mirrors to create a soft light.

The Bluebonnet Member is 10 to 20 ft (3 to 6 m) thick, and is made up of broken pieces (prisms) of inoceramid clams and planktonic foraminifera.Silver, B. A. (1963) The Bluebonnet Member, Lake Waco Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Central Texas-A lagoonal deposit: Baylor Geologic Studies Bulletin 4, Waco, Texas, 46 p. The Cloice Member is 35 ft (11 m) thick at its type section on the Cloice Branch of the South Bosque River, whereas the Bouldin Member was named for outcrops on Bouldin Creek south of downtown Austin, where it is roughly 9 ft (3 m) thick. They are both made up of shales rich in organic matter with thin limestones and volcanic ash beds.

If we persist in only studying women through the prisms of male-knowledge ordering systems, old inaccuracies will remain, and history will continue to ignore past female thinkers and actors and their transformative responses to the obdurate presence of historical misogyny.“ To create an entirely new approach feminist history, in 2018 Walker partnered with Information Architect Lisa Strausfeld to showcase the data she and her scholars had unearthed. The result was the Cooper Engine––named after Strausfeld's late mentor, Muriel Cooper, a digital designer and co-founder of MIT's Media Lab. The Cooper Engine is an immersive, three-dimensional timeline that charts the course of each woman's life as it spreads through the decades.

Multi-colour photometry is provided by two low-resolution fused- silica prisms dispersing all the light entering the field of view in the along-scan direction prior to detection. The Blue Photometer (BP) operates in the wavelength range 330–680 nm; the Red Photometer (RP) covers the wavelength range 640–1050 nm. # The Radial-Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) is used to determine the velocity of celestial objects along the line of sight by acquiring high-resolution spectra in the spectral band 847–874 nm (field lines of calcium ion) for objects up to magnitude 17. Radial velocities are measured with a precision between 1 km/s (V=11.5) and 30 km/s (V=17.5).

Principal components of a laser: An output coupler (OC) is the component of an optical resonator that allows the extraction of a portion of the light from the laser's intracavity beam. An output coupler most often consists of a partially reflective mirror, allowing a certain portion of the intracavity beam to transmit through. Other methods include the use of almost-totally reflective mirrors at each end of the cavity, emitting the beam either by focusing it into a small hole drilled in the center of one mirror, or by redirecting through the use of rotating mirrors, prisms, or other optical devices, causing the beam to bypass one of the end mirrors at a given time.

The input and output ports of a plasmonic circuit will receive and send optical signals, respectively. To do this, coupling and decoupling of the optical signal to the surface plasmon is necessary. The dispersion relation for the surface plasmon lies entirely below the dispersion relation for light, which means that for coupling to occur additional momentum should be provided by the input coupler to achieve the momentum conservation between incoming light and surface plasmon polariton waves launched in the plasmonic circuit. There are several solutions to this, including using dielectric prisms, gratings, or localized scattering elements on the surface of the metal to help induce coupling by matching the momenta of the incident light and the surface plasmons.

After the introduction of the Nikon F, the more expensive rangefinder cameras (those with focal plane shutters) became less attractive. It was a combination of design elements that made the Nikon F successful. It featured interchangeable prisms and focusing screens; the camera had a depth-of-field preview button; the mirror had lock-up capability; it featured a large bayonet mount and a large lens release button; a single-stroke ratcheted film advance lever; a titanium-foil focal plane shutter; various types of flash synchronization; a rapid rewind lever; a fully removable back. it was a well-made, extremely durable camera, and adhered closely to the then current, successful design scheme of the Nikon rangefinder cameras.

In 1980, a small group of 15 women in the Junior Service League of St. Augustine (JSL) signed a 99-year lease with the county for the keeper's house and surrounding grounds and began a massive restoration project. Shortly after the JSL adopted the restoration, the League signed a 30-year lease with the Coast Guard to begin a restoration effort on the lighthouse tower itself. The lighthouse was subsequently placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 due to the efforts of local preservationist and author Karen Harvey. The antique lens was functional until it was damaged by rifle fire in 1986, and 19 of the prisms were broken.

Brewster's personal contribution was the suggestion to use prisms for uniting the dissimilar pictures; and accordingly the lenticular stereoscope may fairly be said to be his invention. A much more valuable and practical result of Brewster's optical researches was the improvement of the British lighthouse system. Although Fresnel, who had also the satisfaction of being the first to put it into operation, perfected the dioptric apparatus independently, Brewster was active earlier in the field than Fresnel, describing the dioptric apparatus in 1812. Brewster pressed its adoption on those in authority at least as early as 1820, two years before Fresnel suggested it, and it was finally introduced into lighthouses mainly through Brewster's persistent efforts.

During the seventeenth and eighteenth century, the fair's national status was underlined by writers such as Samuel Pepys and Edward Ward who wrote of the experience. John Bunyan used the event as the inspiration for the Vanity Fair in Pilgrim's Progress, which in turn was used by William Makepeace Thackeray for his most celebrated novel. During his time at the University in 1665, Isaac Newton visited the fair and is known to have bought a copy of Euclid's Elements which he used to teach himself mathematics. He is also believed to have acquired optical instruments including a pair of prisms, which he used to demonstrate that white light could be split into the colours of the spectrum.

The blue beam undergoes total internal reflection from the front of prism A and exits it through a side face. The remainder of the beam enters the second prism (B) and is split by a second filter coating (F2) which reflects red light but transmits shorter wavelengths. The red beam is also totally internally reflected due to a small air-gap between prisms A and B. The remaining green component of the beam travels through prism C. The trichroic prism assembly can be used in reverse to combine red, green and blue beams into a coloured image, and is used in this way in some projector devices. Assemblies with more than 3 beams are possible.

The Point Cabrillo Lighthouse complex is located about north of Mendocino, California, and includes the lighthouse itself together with several outbuildings. Most of the original structures remain, but the barn is missing: in 1986 it was destroyed in a fire department exercise. The remaining lighthouse station is "one of the most complete light stations in the United States".. Atop the lighthouse spins a third-order Fresnel lens with four panels containing 90 lead glass prisms and weighing 6800 pounds, constructed by Chance Brothers, an English company, and shipped to Point Cabrillo around Cape Horn. The light is only above the ground, but because of the height of the headlands it stands above sea level.

Various displays, including projectors for these "video rate films", slide projectors and film cameras were often combined into a "film chain", allowing the broadcaster to cue up various forms of media and switch between them by moving a mirror or prism. Color was supported by using a multi-tube video camera, prisms, and filters to separate the original color signal and feed the red, green and blue to individual tubes. However, this still left film shot at cinema frame rates as a problem. The obvious solution is to simply speed up the film to match the television frame rates, but this, at least in the case of NTSC, is rather obvious to the eye and ear.

Sacred architecture tends to unify space, which is achieved through two methods: either with slender and thin columns spaced far enough apart to avoid interruption the view of the side aisles, which are often the same height as the nave, or constructing with a single nave of much wider span. The towers, usually one or two, stand out as smooth polygonal prisms (six sides, eight sides), and there are no transepts, though churches based on the Templar design, are planned as Greek crosses. The abutments have two effects in addition to their role in bracing the walls. On the drawing the chapels can be distinguished, and the elevation of the building is continuous and visually smooth on the outside.

Even in those multituberculates that do have small prisms, the prism sheath is closed, but the sheath is incomplete in Gondwanatherium and possibly Ferugliotherium. Krause and colleagues wrote that these two teeth resemble multituberculate deciduous anterior upper premolars, particularly second and third premolars (P2 and P3), and used this as one of their arguments for identifying Ferugliotherium as a multituberculate. However, as with the dentary MACN Pv-RN 975, the two upper premolars were excluded from Ferugliotherium and identified as multituberculates by Kielan-Jaworowska and colleagues after the discovery of the jaw of Sudamerica. Gurovich continues to identify them as Ferugliotherium on the basis of their size and provenance and other similarities between Ferugliotherium and multituberculates.

The patient's habitual prescription or an automated refractor may be used to provide initial settings for the phoropter. Sometimes a retinoscope is used through the phoropter to measure the vision without the patient having to speak, which is useful for infants and people who don't speak the language of the practitioner. Phoropters can also measure Heterophorias (natural resting position of the eyes), accommodative amplitudes, accommodative leads/lags, accommodative posture, horizontal and vertical vergences, and more. The American Optical Ultramatic RxMaster of 1967The major components of the phoropter are the battery of spherical and cylindrical lenses, auxiliary devices such as Maddox rods, filtered lenses, prisms, and the JCC (Jackson Cross-Cylinder) used for astigmatism measurement.

British Israelites who adhere to the Assyria-German identification believe that a small portion of Jews were deported to Germany by the Assyrians. They cite II Kings 18: 13 which notes that the Assyrian king Sennacherib sacked several cities of Judah and captured several Jewish inhabitants. This deportation has been verified by archaeology, since an ancient Assyrian prism records Sennacherib deported a population of Judah (see Taylor and Sennacherib Prisms). This population of Judah was deported (with the House of Israel) to the Medes but British Israelites believe that the Jews and Israelites who were deported by the Assyrians to the Medes, did not stay there, but migrated over time into parts of Europe.

Passive margins are characterised by large prisms of sedimentary material deposited since the original break-up of a continent associated with formation of a new spreading centre. This wedge of material will tend to spread under gravity and, where an effective detachment layer is present such as salt, the extensional faulting that forms at the landward side will be balanced at the front of the wedge by a series of toe-thrusts. Examples include the outboard part of the Niger delta (with an overpressured mudstone detachment)Bilotti, F. & Shaw, J.H. 2005. Deep-water Niger Delta fold and thrust belt modeled as a critical taper wedge: The influence of elevated basal fluid pressure on structural styles.

Corner cube reflector Apollo 15 Lunar Laser Ranging RetroReflector (LRRR) installed on the Moon In optics, corner reflectors typically consist of three mirrors or reflective prism faces which return an incident light beam in the opposite direction. In surveying, retroreflector prisms are commonly used as targets for long-range electronic distance measurement using a total station. Five arrays of optical corner reflectors have been placed on the Moon for use by Lunar Laser Ranging experiments observing a laser's time-of-flight to measure the Moon's orbit more precisely than was possible before. The three largest were placed by NASA as part of the Apollo program, and the Soviet Union built two smaller ones into the Lunokhod rovers.

Incident light reflects at the same angle (black lines), but a small portion of the light is refracted as coloured light (red and blue lines). Physicists have been looking at the solar spectrum since Isaac Newton first used a simple prism to observe the refractive properties of light. In the early 1800s Joseph von Fraunhofer used his skills as a glass maker to create very pure prisms, which allowed him to observe 574 dark lines in a seemingly continuous spectrum. Soon after this, he combined telescope and prism to observe the spectrum of Venus, the Moon, Mars, and various stars such as Betelgeuse; his company continued to manufacture and sell high-quality refracting telescopes based on his original designs until its closure in 1884.

The MKH method claims to reduce eye strain-related symptoms. It has found some application in German-speaking countries and claims to achieve unimpaired binocular vision, With abstract in English however it has received little scientific recognition and is not accepted by mainstream medical practice, either internationally or in Germany. The method does not appear to show better results than conventional spectacle prescriptions, and the practice of MKH has been criticized as contravening the rule to first do no harm. The German association of ophthalmologists ( (BVA)) issued a statement warning that the use of the MKH method could in fact lead to use of prisms of increasing strength, ultimately requiring the patient to undergo strabismus surgery that would have otherwise been unnecessary.

The vision therapy approach that is widespread in the U.S. and which has led to recover stereopsis in a number of persons, most notably Susan R. Barry, is diametrically opposed to the use of prisms in the manner that is advocated in the MKH method. In particular, Frederick W. Brock spoke against the use of an amblyoscope during training, because in his view the patient needed to take the correct binocular posture (aiming the two eyes such that they simultaneously look at the same target in space) when fusing, otherwise the training would not be likely to succeed. In any case, tentative studies have been undertaken whether some synergy can be found between the U.S. approach to vision therapy and the German approach of MKH.

Intermolecular forces such as Van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, and dipole-dipole interactions are typically not sufficiently strong to hold two apparently conformal rigid bodies together, since the forces drop off rapidly with distance,More rapidly than 1/distance2 and the actual area in contact between the two bodies is small due to surface roughness and minor imperfections. However, if the bodies are conformal to an accuracy of better than 10 angstroms (1 nanometer), then a sufficient surface area is in close enough contact for the intermolecular interactions to have an observable real world physical manifestation—that is, the two objects stick together. Such a condition requires a high degree of accuracy and surface smoothness, which is typically found in optical components, such as prisms.

With Harry K. Fairall and Robert F. Elder's 3D feature, The Power of Love, opening 27 September 1922 in Los Angeles and the December 1922 unveiling of Laurens Hammond's Teleview system in New York City, Kelley used his Prizma camera for stereoscopic purposes. As his camera took side-by-side pictures, Kelley mounted a set of prisms on his rig, thus expanding his point of convergence, and utilized his red/blue color system to make an anaglyphic print of his product. His final product was the first of Kelley's Plasticon Pictures entitled Movies of the Future, which was premiered at the Rivoli on 24 December 1922. The film consisted largely of shots of New York City, including Times Square, the New York Public Library, and Luna Park.

3b), meaning that the binocular system is not able to reach a small fixation disparity when vergence is forced by prisms in the base-in and base-out direction. This evidence came predominantly from studies with the Disparometer, an instrument that allows presenting dichoptic nonius lines with different amounts of offset to find a particular physical offset that leads to perceived alignment. These nonius lines are presented within a circular contour of 1.5 deg diameter that is viewed binocularly. The proximity FD-curve (measured subjectively as a function of viewing distance) tends to be steeper, meaning that the binocular system is not able to keep the fixation disparity small, if a target is shifted closer in the range of about 100 to 20 cm.

Ajaxs forward main-gun turrets in 1918 The King George V class was equipped with ten 45-calibre breech-loading (BL) 13.5-inch Mark V gun in five hydraulically powered, centreline, twin-gun turrets, designated 'A', 'B', 'Q', 'X' and 'Y' from front to rear. The guns had a maximum elevation of +20° which gave them a range of . Their gunsights, however, were limited to +15° until super-elevating prisms were installed by 1916 to allow full elevation. In contrast to the Orions, the loading machinery of these turrets was modified to accommodate longer and heavier projectiles, some more than those of the Orions, at a muzzle velocity of about at a rate of two rounds per minute.Friedman 2011, pp.

To specialize in vision therapy, doctors must complete extensive post-graduate training beyond their optometric degree, at which time they are eligible to sit for their national boards to become fully certified as specialists in children's vision. A doctor's title after passing the national board in vision therapy is Fellow in the College of Optometrists in Vision Development, or F.C.O.V.D. Optometrists who provide vision therapy but who have not yet sat for their certification exams are board-eligible Associates in the College of Optometrists in Vision Development. Vision therapists typically use prisms, eye patches, filtered lenses, and computerized systems to conduct therapy sessions. Most eye care professionals do not practice iridology, citing a significant lack of scientific evidence for the practice.

The 1980 train catalog and ideas book (7777) enticed Lego fans with nighttime dioramas featuring lampposts and lights inside the trains. Even though light bricks of the same size were available in both 12-volt and 4.5-volt guise, the train headlight/taillight (using unique prisms and holder bricks) and lamppost sets were normally only available with the expensive 12-volt light bricks included. Making these theoretically universal features available only as 12-volt items served to further elevate the 12-volt system away from the more limited 4.5-volt system. Notable train sets include the Electric Intercity (7740) and Steam Locomotive (7750), particularly for its large wheel pieces and red motor module which were not found in any other set.

In the early 1980s, researchers at the University of Georgia developed a technology for viewing three-dimensional images using glasses fitted with special prisms, and attempted to solicit interest from various video game companies. Mattel Electronics began pursuing the technology, with Hover Force, then marketed as Hover Force 3-D, making its debut at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas in January 1984. Mattel Electronics had developed a method for producing the glasses at low cost, and had even decided to develop two additional 3-D titles, but the company was shut down before the plans could come to fruition. INTV Corporation, which acquired Intellivision's assets from Mattel, re-tooled the game and dropped any mention of 3-D for its release in 1986.

Fresnel rediscovered this effect and investigated it by including total internal reflection in a chromatic-polarization experiment. With the aid of his first theory of chromatic polarization, he found that the apparently depolarized light was a mixture of components polarized parallel and perpendicular to the plane of incidence, and that the total reflection introduced a phase difference between them.Darrigol, 2012, p. 207. Choosing an appropriate angle of incidence (not yet exactly specified) gave a phase difference of 1/8 of a cycle (45°). Two such reflections from the "parallel faces" of "two coupled prisms" gave a phase difference of 1/4 of a cycle (90°). These findings were contained in a memoir submitted to the Académie on 10 November 1817 and read a fortnight later.

The first large catadioptric lenses were made in 1842 for the lighthouses at Gravelines and Île Vierge; these were fixed third-order lenses whose catadioptric rings (made in segments) were one metre in diameter. Stevenson's first-order Skerryvore lens, lit in 1844, was only partly catadioptric; it was similar to the Cordouan lens except that the lower slats were replaced by French-made catadioptric prisms, while mirrors were retained at the top. The first fully catadioptric first-order lens, installed at Ailly in 1852, also gave eight rotating beams plus a fixed light at the bottom; but its top section had eight catadioptric panels focusing the light about 4 degrees ahead of the main beams, in order to lengthen the flashes.

Most professional cameras utilize an optical prism block directly behind the lens. This prism block (a trichroic assembly comprising two dichroic prisms) separates the image into the three primary colors, red, green, and blue, directing each color into a separate charge- coupled device (CCD) or Active pixel sensor (CMOS image sensor) mounted to the face of each prism. Some high-end consumer cameras also do this, producing a higher-resolution image, with better color fidelity than is normally possible with just a single video pickup. In both single sensor and triple sensor designs, the weak signal created by the sensors is amplified before being encoded into analog signals for use by the viewfinder and also encoded into digital signals for transmission and recording.

If observations of objects near the horizon cannot be avoided, it is possible to equip an optical telescope with control systems to compensate for the shift caused by the refraction. If the dispersion is also a problem (in case of broadband high-resolution observations), atmospheric refraction correctors (made from pairs of rotating glass prisms) can be employed as well. Since the amount of atmospheric refraction is a function of the temperature gradient, temperature, pressure, and humidity (the amount of water vapor, which is especially important at mid-infrared wavelengths), the amount of effort needed for a successful compensation can be prohibitive. Surveyors, on the other hand, will often schedule their observations in the afternoon, when the magnitude of refraction is minimum.

Amman's A and B pair of A5 tiles, decorated with matching rules; any tiling by these tilings is necessarily non- periodic, and the tiles are therefore aperiodic. Ammann A5 substitution rules, used to prove that the A5 tiles can only form non-periodic hierarchical tilings and thus are aperiodic tiles. This tiling exists in a 2D orthogonal projection of a 4D 8-8 duoprism constructed from 16 octahedral prisms. Amman's A and B tiles in his pair A5 a 45-135-degree rhombus and a 45-45-90 degree triangle, decorated with matching rules that allowed only certain arrangements in each region, forcing the non-periodic, hierarchical, and quasiperiodic structures of each of the infinite number of individual Ammann–Beenker tilings.

In addition to deep striae, the fragmentary material of P. solvayi reveals that the tooth crowns may also have been somewhat prismatic with seven to eight prisms on the external surface. Teeth of P. solvayi are more slender at the anterior end, broader and triangular towards the middle of the dental ramus, decreasing in size towards the posterior end with the last two teeth being rather stunted. The tooth crowns are only moderately inflated and in contrast to the teeth of P. overtoni, the teeth increase in size consistently in an antero-posterior direction and are somewhat less posteriorly recurved. In P. overtoni and other species (such as P. giganteus), the teeth are all fairly uniform in size other than the penultimate tooth base (which is larger).

Genesis allows modeling with legacy sectional method using polygons (longitudinal polygons and polygons by benches) following the previously modelized mineralized intervals in drill holes as well as the modern modelling using the creation of meshed envelopes by connecting polygons or using implicit modelling. The resource estimate can then be performed by rapid and traditional methods like the grade of a prism given by the average grade of the mineralized intervals weighted by their intersecting lengths. The grade of a figure given by the average grade of the prisms weighted by the volume of the intersections. Or by using the polygonal method using the decomposition of a polygon in several Voronoi polygons having each the grade and the projected thickness of their composite.

The novel is set 15 years after the devastation of earth. A band of holdout soldiers remain steadfast to their military/defensive duty, and are based in a deserted junior college in the shadow of a strange, towering, alien City of Force. Wherever the aliens have established themselves, they have raised up great walled cities comprising huge buildings shaped like cylinders, pyramids, cubes, rhombohedrons, semi-transparent prisms, and balls. Electric equipment all over the earth has been shut down by the aliens, and all of human civilization has been driven back to a coal and steam-based technology. The Cities of Force are the home of the “Spheres”. They are large floating aliens that generally ignore humans except when they decide to “select” someone.

Villa Kovařovic in Prague by Josef Chochol In their theoretical rules, the Cubist architects expressed the requirement of dynamism, which would surmount the matter and calm contained in it, through a creative idea, so that the result would evoke feelings of dynamism and expressive plasticity in the viewer. This should be achieved by shapes derived from pyramids, cubes and prisms, by arrangements and compositions of oblique surfaces, mainly triangular, sculpted facades in protruding crystal-like units, reminiscent of the so-called diamond cut, or even cavernous that are reminiscent of the late Gothic architecture. In this way, the entire surfaces of the facades including even the gables and dormers are sculpted. The grilles as well as other architectural ornaments attain a three-dimensional form.

Many themed versions are being published, along with new themed versions every year or two. In the first editions, the playing pieces were wooden cubes (one set each of black, blue, green, pink, red and yellow) representing one troop each and a few rounded triangular prisms representing ten troops each, but in later versions of the game these pieces were molded of plastic to reduce costs. In the 1980s, these were changed to pieces shaped into the Roman numerals I, III, V, and X. The 1993 edition introduced plastic infantry tokens (representing a single unit), cavalry (representing five units), and artillery (representing ten units). The 40th Anniversary Collector's Edition contained the same troop pieces but made of metal rather than plastic.

In the 17th century, Isaac Newton discovered that prisms could disassemble and reassemble white light, and described the phenomenon in his book Opticks. He was the first to use the word spectrum (Latin for "appearance" or "apparition") in this sense in print in 1671 in describing his experiments in optics. Newton observed that, when a narrow beam of sunlight strikes the face of a glass prism at an angle, some is reflected and some of the beam passes into and through the glass, emerging as different-colored bands. Newton hypothesized light to be made up of "corpuscles" (particles) of different colors, with the different colors of light moving at different speeds in transparent matter, red light moving more quickly than violet in glass.

The New Zealanders had begun to dig in by The battalion on the left was stopped by uncut wire and waited for the tanks to arrive but D10 was knocked out at Flat Trench. D11 and D12 arrived at rolled over the wire and the infantry passed through to the last objective. Grove Alley was captured by the party withdrew at D12 ditched west of Flers, D8 got to Abbey Road but its vision prisms were hit and D11 took guard at the Ligny road for the rest of the night. In the III Corps area, the 47th Division (Major-General Sir Charles Barter) attacked on the right with the 140th Brigade whose troops reached the Switch Line and dug in on the far slope with the New Zealanders.

Chemosynthetic communities thrive where cold fluids seep out of the forearc. Cold seep communities have been discovered in inner trench slopes down to depths of 7000 m in the western Pacific, especially around Japan, in the Eastern Pacific along North, Central and South America coasts from the Aleutian to the Peru–Chile trenches, on the Barbados prism, in the Mediterranean, and in the Indian Ocean along the Makran and Sunda convergent margins. These communities receive much less attention than the chemosynthetic communities associated with hydrothermal vents. Chemosynthetic communities are located in a variety of geological settings: above over-pressured sediments in accretionary prisms where fluids are expelled through mud volcanoes or ridges (Barbados, Nankai and Cascadia); along active erosive margins with faults; and along escarpments caused by debris slides (Japan trench, Peruvian margin).

Pigeon Point Lighthouse and tide pools Pigeon Point Lighthouse is one of the most picturesque lighthouses on the Pacific coast. The tower stands on a rocky promontory and has long been a landmark for ships approaching San Francisco Bay from the south. This headland, and hence the lighthouse, took its name from the ship Carrier Pigeon that wrecked here in 1853. The lantern room of the tower is no longer equipped with the original first-order, 1000-watt Fresnel lens. No longer illuminated for demonstration purposes, the lens has 24 flash panels, is composed of 1008 hand-polished lenses and prisms and is capable of producing over 500,000 candlepower illumination. It was manufactured by the Henry-LePaute company in Paris, France, and was first lit at Pigeon Point at sunset on November 15, 1872.

Photograph of A. Wallace Rimington's invention the Colour Organ Rimington spent many years designing and developing an instrument that he called a colour organ that could project colours in harmony with music. The early versions were mute and the operator accompanied the music, but Rimington foresaw the development of an organ that could produce both music and displays of synchronised colour. In his book Colour music : the art of mobile colour, published in 1912, Rimington described the internal workings of the instrument: a powerful white light was produced from an arc-light of 13,000 candlepower which passed through two bisulphide of carbon prisms providing a colour spectrum. These colours were then mixed and projected onto a screen via diaphragms under the control of the operator using a keyboard and pedals.

He took particular pride in the pioneering work done by his directorate in the development of optical glass for use in gun sights and related weaponry.Joe Rich Hartnett: Portrait of a Technocratic Brigand Chapter 14 Some of the prisms produced for use in instruments such as range finders, submarine periscopes and aerial photography were exported to the US.D.P. Mellor The Role of Science and Industry Canberra: Australian War Memorial, 1958 p.277 At first, there was a considerable amount of conflict between the Directorate and the Army, partly because the latter, which knew little about manufacturing, repeatedly changed its orders thus creating serious problems on the factory floor. In addition, the Army’s initial insistence on specifying the precise design of the items it wanted also gave rise to manufacturing difficulties.

138, art. 121 The field of the wires could be illuminated; the lamps were placed at some distance from the piers in order not to heat the instrument, and the light passed through holes in the piers and through the hollow axis to the center, whence it was directed to the eye-end by a system of prisms. To determine absolute declinations or polar distances, it was necessary to determine the observatory's colatitude, or distance of the celestial pole from the zenith, by observing the upper and lower culmination of a number of circumpolar stars. The difference between the circle reading after observing a star and the reading corresponding to the zenith was the zenith distance of the star, and this plus the colatitude was the north polar distance.

On January 28, 2010, the facility published a paper reporting the delivery of a 669 kJ pulse to a gold hohlraum, setting new records for power delivery by a laser, and leading to analysis suggesting that suspected interference by generated plasma would not be a problem in igniting a fusion reaction. Due to the size of the test hohlraums, laser/plasma interactions produced plasma-optics gratings, acting like tiny prisms, which produced symmetric X-ray drive on the capsule inside the hohlraum. After gradually altering the wavelength of the laser, scientists were able to compress a spherical capsule evenly and heat it up to 3.3 million kelvins (285 eV). The capsule contained cryogenically cooled gas, acting as a substitute for the deuterium and tritium fuel capsules that will be used later on.

The Lion-class ships mounted eight BL 13.5-inch Mark V guns in four twin hydraulically powered gun turrets, designated 'A', 'B', 'Q' and 'Y'. Unlike the two previous classes of battlecruiser in the Royal Navy, which had turrets fore, aft and on each side of the ship, the Lion-class ships had their main armament mounted in a single line from front to rear, with 'B' turret superfiring over 'A' turret, 'Q' turret mounted amidships, and 'Y' turret aft. The guns had an elevation range from −3° to +20°; their gunsights were limited to +15° until super-elevating prisms were installed before the Battle of Jutland in May 1916 to allow full elevation. They fired projectiles at a muzzle velocity of ; at +20° elevation, they had a range of .

According to the Blue Book, this chemical can be systematically named as 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexamethylbenzene. The locants (the numbers in front of the name) are superfluous, however, as the name hexamethylbenzene uniquely identifies a single substance and thus is the formal IUPAC name for the compound. It is an aromatic compound, with six π electrons (satisfying Hückel's rule) delocalised over a cyclic planar system; each of the six ring carbon atoms is sp2 hybridised and displays trigonal planar geometry, while each methyl carbon is tetrahedral with sp3 hybridisation, consistent with the empirical description of its structure. When recrystallised from ethanol, solid hexamethylbenzene occurs as colourless to white crystalline orthorhombic prisms or needles with a melting point of 165–166 °C, a boiling point of 268 °C, and a density of 1.0630 g cm−3.

After demonstrating the role of self-produced movement in visual adaptation, Held tested its role in the development of visual function. It was found that if two kittens kept in darkness were exposed to light only when one kitten was tied to a lever and allowed to move while another kitten was sitting stationary in a basket on the other end of the lever, moving only because the other kitten was pulling it, the kitten that was moving itself would learn to see while the stationary kitten failed to visually control its movements. Further, if glasses with prisms were given to people to augment their vision, they were only able to adjust to the change in vision when moving around, showing that vision in humans and higher animals requires bodily responses.

Beam splitters with single mode fiber for PON networks use the single mode behavior to split the beam. The splitter is done by physically splicing two fibers "together" as an X. Arrangements of mirrors or prisms used as camera attachments to photograph stereoscopic image pairs with one lens and one exposure are sometimes called "beam splitters", but that is a misnomer, as they are effectively a pair of periscopes redirecting rays of light which are already non-coincident. In some very uncommon attachments for stereoscopic photography, mirrors or prism blocks similar to beam splitters perform the opposite function, superimposing views of the subject from two different perspectives through color filters to allow the direct production of an anaglyph 3D image, or through rapidly alternating shutters to record sequential field 3D video.

The Bayer filter arrangement of color filters on the pixel array of a digital image sensor In color television and video cameras manufactured before the 1990s, the incoming light was separated by prisms and filters into the three RGB primary colors feeding each color into a separate video camera tube (or pickup tube). These tubes are a type of cathode ray tube, not to be confused with that of CRT displays. With the arrival of commercially viable charge-coupled device (CCD) technology in the 1980s, first, the pickup tubes were replaced with this kind of sensor. Later, higher scale integration electronics was applied (mainly by Sony), simplifying and even removing the intermediate optics, thereby reducing the size of home video cameras and eventually leading to the development of full camcorders.

These color changes go from an almost solid black to emerald green, violet blue, magenta, burgundy, amber/gold, even an almost "root-beer" brown. Unlike other paints that create special effects by using a blend of pigments or tricky multi coat applications of different colors of paint Mystic achieves its dramatic color-change capability via tiny transparent layered flakes in the paint's chemistry that act like prisms to break up white light into its various component colors. Based on traditional black pigment paint it uses a special line of color-shifting interference pigments made by Flex Products, Inc called ChromaFlair pigments. ;2000 Mystic Gold Cobra : Although the Mystic paint was specifically made for the 1996 Cobra and never to be made again there have since been many varieties of color shifting paints created.

He went to work in 1855, and over the course of six years perfected what he called the "pantelegraph." It was the world's first practical fax machine. Willoughby Smith discovered the photoconductivity of the element selenium in 1873, laying the groundwork for the selenium cell which was used as a pickup in most mechanical scan systems. In 1885, Henry Sutton in Ballarat, Australia designed a Telephane for transmission of images via telegraph wires, based on the Nipkow spinning disk system, selenium photocell, Nicol prisms and Kerr effect cell. Sutton's design was published internationally in 1890.1885 Telephane system diagrams – Telegraphic Journal and Electrical Review 7 November 1890 An account of its use to transmit and preserve a still image was published in the Evening Star in Washington in 1896.

In 2013, Nature Chemical Biology published an article about Jerala's achievement that paves a path to designing and producing completely new protein shapes using reprogrammed bacteria by synthesizing protein that folds itself into a tetrahedron — a pyramid with a triangular base measuring just 5 nanometres along each edge - which can be used as container for delivering drugs on the nanoscale. Genetically modified Escherichia coli bacteria were drafted in to synthesize the protein.Protein gets in on DNA's origami act: Engineered bacteria make self-assembling tetrahedra, Nature, 28 April 2013 Dek Woolfson, a biochemist from Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, UK, described this kind of engineering with the following words: Jerala's team is trying to double the size of the coiled coils in the tetrahedron, and thinking about making other shapes, such as prisms and bipyramids.

There are no perfect ninety degree angles in the hall, because of their effect on sound. Suspended from the ceiling are six 16 x brass chandeliers with 18,000 hand-cut beads and prisms of Bohemian crystals imported from Austria and Czechoslovakia. The lobby is four stories high, with a white oak and brass ceiling, and a glass curtain or wall which covers much of the East face of the triangular-shaped lobby. The lobby itself is an architectural marvel due to its many tiers, the staircase that goes upwards and to the left along with the triangular shape of the enclosure, the gold leafing that covers all visible sides of the stairs and balconies, and the red blown-glass sculpture (The Olympic Tower, by renowned glass artist Dale Chihuly) that is displayed prominently in the middle.

The 69 ft (21m) sculpture is made from COR-TEN Steel, the same material as the Angel of the North and was fabricated in Nottingham. The tapered lozenge design, shaped to evoke a solitary flame such as lit the Chatterley Valley during the heyday of the Iron Works, features powerful colour changing LED lights that will illuminate 1,500 hand blown glass prisms containing wishes or memories of local residents written on handmade paper. Each prism will be held out from the main body of the sculpture by a short stalk, giving the artwork a bristly appearance. Local arts group Letting In The Light were commissioned by artist Wolfgang Buttress to collect the wishes and memories, although people won't be able to see the actual messages once the sculpture is installed, the not-for-profit organisation plans to publish them in an accompanying book.

In 1894 Righi (along with Indian physicist Jagadish Chandra Bose) was the first person to generate microwaves, producing 12 GHz microwaves with a metal ball spark oscillator, and detecting them with a dipole antenna and spark gap. He used his spark transmitter and detector at wavelengths of 20, 7.5 and 2.5 centimeters (frequencies of 1.5, 4 and 12 GHz) to perform classic optics experiments with microwaves, using quasioptical components, prisms and lenses made of paraffin wax and sulfur and wire diffraction gratings to demonstrate refraction, diffraction, and polarization of these short radio waves, providing experimental confirmation of James Clerk Maxwell's 1873 theory that radio waves and light were both electromagnetic waves, differing only in frequency. His work L'ottica delle oscillazioni elettriche (1897), which summarised his results, is considered a classic of experimental electromagnetism. In 1903 Righi wrote a book on wireless telegraphy.

Friedrich Wöhler, Ordinary Professor of Chemistry at Göttingen University, had coca leaves imported to Germany by Karl von Scherzer, a member of the Austrian Novara expedition, and he gave those leaves to Niemann, his graduate student, to analyze. In 1859, Niemann isolated cocaine from coca leaves. He extracted the primary alkaloid and named the ingredient "cocaine"-as with other alkaloids its name carried the “-ine” suffix (from Latin -ina). He wrote of the alkaloid's “colourless transparent prisms” and said that, “Its solutions have an alkaline reaction, a bitter taste, promote the flow of saliva and leave a peculiar numbness, followed by a sense of cold when applied to the tongue.” He published his finding in 1860 in his dissertation titled Über eine neue organische Base in den Cocablättern (On a New Organic Base in the Coca Leaves).

In the type locality the crystals are found in gold-bearing quartz-veins traversing granite or gneiss and associated with crocoite are quartz, embreyite, phoenicochroite and vauquelinite. Phoenicochroite is a basic lead chromate, Pb2CrO5 with dark red crystals, and vauquelinite a lead and copper phosphate-chromate, Pb2CuCrO4PO4OH, with brown or green monoclinic crystals. Vauquelinite was named after Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, who in 1797 discovered (simultaneously with and independently of M. H. Klaproth) the element chromium in crocoite. Abundant masses with exceptional examples of crocoite crystals have been found in the Extended Mine at Mount Dundas as well as the Adelaide, Red Lead, West Comet, Platt and a few other Mines at Dundas, Tasmania; they are usually found in long slender prisms, usually about 10–20 mm but rarely up to 100 mm (4 inches) in length, with a brilliant lustre and color.

In photography, the pellicle mirror has been employed in single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras, at first to enable through-the-lens exposure measurement and possibly to reduce camera shake, but later most successfully to enable fast series photography, which otherwise would be slowed down by the movement of the reflex mirror, while maintaining constant finder vision. The first use of pellicle mirrors for consumer photography however were in color separation cameras. The Devin Tricolor Camera from at least the 1938 version used two pellicle mirrors plus three color filters to split the image from a single lens into three images of the three additive primary colors. Pellicle mirrors are ideal for this purpose, even today, since they are lighter and cheaper than an optical block of dichroic prisms, which would be heavy and expensive for large, high resolution film or plates.

A. A. Kostenko, A. I. Nosich, P. F. Goldsmith, "Historical background and development of Soviet quasioptics at near-millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths" in With this apparatus he extended the work of Heinrich Hertz to higher frequencies, duplicating classical optics experiments using quasioptical components such as lenses, prisms and quarter-wave plates made of sulfur and wire diffraction gratings to demonstrate refraction, diffraction, double refraction, birefringence and polarization of millimeter waves. He was the first to measure the pressure of light on a solid body in 1899. The discovery was announced at the World Physics Congress in Paris in 1900, and became the first quantitative confirmation of Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. In 1901 he became a professor of Moscow State University, however he quit the University in 1911, protesting against the politics of the Ministry of Education.

In his Memorandum Hitler proposed a plebiscite, without identifying the exact area for it, and provided for the plebiscite areas to be occupied by both German and Czech forces, pending the outcome of voting. German forces should enter the Sudetenland by 1 October.Terrance L. Lewis, Prisms of British Appeasement (2011), p. 150 Hitler demanded the Sudetenland be ceded to Germany no later than September 28, 1938 with no negotiations between Prague and Berlin and no international commission to oversee the transfer; no plebiscites to be held in the transferred districts until after the transfer; and he also declared that Germany would not abandon war as an option until all the claims against Czechoslovakia by Poland and Hungary had been satisfied. This was seen as a signal that Hitler had decided to put an end to Chamberlain’s peace-making efforts.

They say they have conducted an experiment in which microwave photons traveled "instantaneously" between a pair of prisms that had been moved up to apart, using a phenomenon known as quantum tunneling. Nimtz told New Scientist magazine: "For the time being, this is the only violation of special relativity that I know of." However, other physicists say that this phenomenon does not allow information to be transmitted faster than light. Aephraim Steinberg, a quantum optics expert at the University of Toronto, Canada, uses the analogy of a train traveling from Chicago to New York, but dropping off train cars at each station along the way, so that the center of the train moves forward at each stop; in this way, the speed of the center of the train exceeds the speed of any of the individual cars.

Fort Wood's star-shaped walls became the base of the Statue of Liberty. Prisms over the hendecagrams {11/3} and {11/4} may be used to approximate the shape of DNA molecules. An 11-pointed star from the Momine Khatun Mausoleum Fort Wood, now the base of the Statue of Liberty in New York City, is a star fort in the form of an irregular 11-point star.. The Topkapı Scroll contains images of an 11-pointed star Girih form used in Islamic art. The star in this scroll is not one of the regular forms of the hendecagram, but instead uses lines that connect the vertices of a hendecagon to nearly-opposite midpoints of the hendecagon's edges.. 11-pointed star Girih patterns are also used on the exterior of the Momine Khatun Mausoleum; Eric Broug writes that its pattern "can be considered a high point in Islamic geometric design".

As cited by: (Nonetheless two Dove prisms can be employed to rotate the visual field in experimental settings.) For cyclodeviations above 5 degrees, surgery has normally been recommended."The patient fixates a vertical line target, and the dove prism is rotated in the direction to increase the action of the insufficient muscle while fusion is maintained." Quoted from: Depending on the symptoms, the surgical correction of cyclotropia may involve a correction of an associated vertical deviation (hyper- or hypotropia), or a Harada–Ito procedure or another procedure to rotate the eye inwards, or yet another procedure to rotate it outwards.2.22 Cyclotropia: Treatment, ORBIS Telemedicine (downloaded 19 July 2013) A cyclodeviation may thus be corrected at the same time with a correction of a vertical deviation (hyper- or hypotropia); cyclodeviations without any vertical deviation can be difficult to manage surgically, as the correction of the cyclodeviation may introduce a vertical deviation.

New York Times columnist Gail Collins snarked simply: "But that was the old John McCain, before he was kidnapped by space aliens and reprogrammed." Several writers sought to frame McCain's career as actually consistent, when viewed through different prisms. Matt Welch acknowledged that McCain had made a series of "crude reversals" in his political positions, but also extrapolated upon his previous analysis of McCain and wrote that some of the shifts were actually not, and could be explained by virtue of his generational military heritage and that "McCain's core, almost genetic, principle in governance and life is that the United States should remain the unchallenged military superpower keeping the world safe for democracy and commerce." Washington Post columnist Ezra Klein wrote that McCain's career is better explained by looking at electoral opportunities and his personal resentments at the time than by political or policy positions.

Ray King's "Northern Cascade" descends from the ceiling of the rotunda, playing with light reflecting from specially treated glass circles arrayed on a three-dimensional spiral-like structure. Depending on the viewer's perspective, time of day and quality of light, the whimsical installation evokes kaleidoscopes of iridescent light, prisms and reflections. TivoliToo's "Readalot the Dragon" invites the library's young readers to cozy up near the friendly blue dragon with a book chosen from the shelf inside the curled dragon's tail or from the book nooks along either side of the sculpture. Christopher T. Tully's "Jungle Animals Climbing" features a blue spotted hippo, a pink elephant with polka dot spots, a rhino, several tall birds with long lemon-yellow legs, and other magical creatures in the sculpture.Tully, Christopher, “Christopher Tully Studios: Whimsical Sensical Sculpture,” Topping it all off, children's puppet programs are offered in the ceiling-high puppet theater.

According to immigration statistics from the United States Department of Homeland Security, Colombia has ranked in the top 10 of countries since 1999 from which fiancées have emigrated for the United States. As well, the number of Colombians being admitted to the United States between 1999 and 2008 using fiancé visas (including children) has increased 321 percent. A dissertation by Jasney E. Cogua-Lopez, "Through the Prisms of Gender and Power: Agency in International Courtship between Colombian Women and American Men", suggests various reasons for this growth, including continuing cultural inequality between the sexes despite equality being codified in the country's laws (honor killings were not made completely illegal until 1980). Because of the large number of Colombians wishing to leave their country by marrying foreigners, a black market for marriages to foreigners has developed, with some people allegedly paying as much as 20 million pesos ($10,000) to illegal groups.

Work by Isaac Newton using refraction through prisms demonstrated that light was composed of the visible spectrum, while findings of William Herschel in the 19th century showed that light also consisted of infrared rays. Joseph von Fraunhofer would later come to discover that by magnifying the spectrum of visible light, gaps in the spectrum would be observed. These Fraunhofer lines would later be determined to be caused by the absorption of light by electrons in moving between atomic orbitals when it passed through atoms, with each atom having a characteristic signature due to the quantum nature of these orbitals. This since has led to the core of astronomical spectroscopy, allowing astronomers to make observations about the composition of stars, planets, and other stellar features through the spectral lines, as well as observing the motion and expansion of the universe, and the existence of dark matter.

The Decline of the West was a successful work and was widely read by German intellectuals. It has been suggested that it intensified a sense of crisis in Germany following the end of World War I. The critic George Steiner has suggested that the work can be seen as one of several books that resulted from the crisis of German culture following Germany's defeat in World War I, comparable in this respect to the philosopher Ernst Bloch's The Spirit of Utopia (1918), the theologian Franz Rosenzweig's The Star of Redemption (1921), the theologian Karl Barth's The Epistle to the Romans (1922), Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf (1925), and the philosopher Martin Heidegger's Being and Time (1927). In 1950, the philosopher Theodor W. Adorno published an essay entitled "Spengler after the Downfall" (in )Adorno T., (1982), Spengler after the Decline in Prisms (Trans. Nicholsen and Weber), MIT press, pp.

The Canon FTb is a 35 mm single-lens reflex camera manufactured by Canon of Japan from March 1971 replacing the Canon FT QL. It features a Canon FD lens mount, and is also compatible with Canon's earlier FL-mount lenses in stop- down metering mode. Launched alongside the top-of-the-line F-1, the FTb was the mass-market camera in the range. The FTb was primarily intended to be a camera for the advanced amateur photographer, offering many of the same features and same build quality as the F-1, but without the option of interchangeable prisms, focusing screens, or motor drives. The Canon FTb was released at a retail price of 35,000 yen for the camera body ($99, or US$580 in 2014 USD). left The FTb has an all-mechanical horizontally traveling focal plane shutter with timed speeds from 1/1000 to 1 second and bulb.

The light is positioned to give a waypoint for vessels passing along the English Channel coast. Originally the light was illuminated by a Douglass multi-wick mineral oil burner, set within a large (first order) revolving 14-panel dioptric optic by Chance Brothers & Co. It was the first example of a significant new design of lighthouse optic, whereby (through the use of dense flint glass in the upper and lower portions) the height of a Fresnel lens could be significantly increased, dispensing with the need for additional reflective prisms above and below; the lenses alone stood high. The lamp was also specially designed for Anvil Point by James Douglass; it was subsequently used in other large coastal lighthouses, a series of international patents having been granted.US Patent grant 1883. An explosive fog signal was established at the lighthouse in February 1894, which in foggy weather sounded once every ten minutesLondon Gazette, Issue 26487, Page 1091, 20 February 1894 (later altered to every five minutes).

Jewels, reflection, and refraction – not just the imagery but reflection and refraction of text and concepts – are also strong themes and metaphors in Delany's work. Titles such as The Jewels of Aptor, The Jewel-Hinged Jaw, "Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones", Driftglass, and Dark Reflections, along with the optic chain of prisms, mirrors, and lenses worn by several characters in Dhalgren, are a few examples of this; as in "We (...) move on a rigorous line" a ring is nearly obsessively described at every twist and turn of the plot. Reflection and refraction in narrative are explored in Dhalgren and take center stage in his Return to Nevèrÿon series. Following the 1968 publication of Nova, there was not only a large gap in Delany's published work (after releasing eight novels and a novella between 1962 and 1968, his published output virtually stopped until 1973), there was also a notable addition to the themes found in the stories published after that time.

There are generally 5 tissue types present in dinosaurs, and these have been found to be identical to those of their closest living non-avian relatives, the crocodilians. One of the most significant findings is that despite differences in their appearance, dinosaur teeth are essentially composed of the same dental tissues found in modern mammals, crocodilians and other amniotes, suggesting that these tissues first evolved in a common ancestor and has been retained ever since. # Enamel - This is the hard coating on the outside of the teeth and typically appears as a clear, thin featureless band on the tooth surface when viewed in cross section. SEM analysis of the surface of dinosaur teeth revealed that their enamel form in prisms similar to mammals and that there is sufficient difference in the enamel microstructure to help pinpoint what group a tooth belonged to, sometimes to the genus level, when only isolated teeth are found.

"Tageslicht aus der Tube", Faktor Licht, Nr. 4, 2003 (with a description of the light pipe on Potsdamer Platz, Berlin) The 3M company developed a system based on optical lighting filmHeliobus with 3M Optical Lighting Film (OLF) and developed the 3M light pipe,3M Light Management Solutions (US) which is a light guide designed to distribute light uniformly over its length, with a thin film incorporating microscopic prisms, which has been marketed in connection with artificial light sources, e.g. sulfur lamps. In contrast to an optical fiber which has a solid core, a prism light guide leads the light through air and is therefore referred to as hollow light guide. The project ARTHELIO, partially funded by the European Commission, was an investigation in years 1998 to 2000 into a system for adaptive mixing of solar and artificial light, and which includes a sulfur lamp, a heliostat, and hollow light guides for light transport and distribution.

Nikon has been a supplier of space (EVA) capable camerasHow Does NASA Get a Nikon D2Xs DSLR Ready to Go to Space? Popphoto.com for NASA since 1971, when they delivered a modified Nikon F SLR Photomic FTN cameraNikon Photomic FTN NikonNikon F - Nikon FTn Meter Finder/Prisms Mir with center-weighted TTL metering system,Nikon cameras and NASA TATENO, Yokoyuki, Apphotnum which was first used on the Apollo 15 mission.Special titanium Nikon cameras and NASA cameras Nikon In 1973, a newer modified version of the Nikon F with a motor drive was delivered for use in Skylab. In 1980Corporate History Nikon and 1989, Nikon delivered modified, space capable F3Nikon F3 NASA 250 Mir.com (big and small version) respectively F4 cameras to NASA, which were used in the Space Shuttle. Nikon's first digital camera (still video camera, with analog storage) was the Nikon Still Video Camera (SVC) Model 1, a prototype which was first presented at photokina 1986.

A tree is an "in" tree if the offset section of the tree overlaps the bole as viewed without the prism (Figure 1). A tree where the offset section of the trunk is perfectly aligned with the original bole is a borderline tree (Figure 2) and DBH must be measured to determine if it should be counted (or, more commonly in practice, every other borderline tree is counted). A tree where the offset section of the tree does not overlap or touch the original bole is an "out" tree (Figure 3) and is not counted. Basal area is estimated by multiplying the count of "in" trees at a given point by the 'factor' of the prism. Prism factor is based on the angle of the prism, and prisms are available in different factors, expressed in both square feet/acre (5, 10, 20 BAF are most common) and square meters/hectare (1-5 BAF are common).

The problem with this approach was there was no simple way to recombine them on the receiver end. If each image was sent at the same time on different frequencies, the images would have to be "stacked" somehow on the display, in real time. The simplest way to do this would be to reverse the system used in the camera: arrange three separate black-and-white displays behind colored filters and then optically combine their images using mirrors or prisms onto a suitable screen, like frosted glass. RCA built just such a system in order to present the first electronically scanned color television demonstration on February 5, 1940, privately shown to members of the US Federal Communications Commission at the RCA plant in Camden, New Jersey.Kenyon Kilbon, Pioneering in Electronics: A Short History of the Origins and Growth of RCA Laboratories, Radio Corporation of America, 1919 to 1964, Chapter Nine – Television: Monochrome to Color , 1964.

The Archimedean solids take their name from Archimedes, who discussed them in a now-lost work. Pappus refers to it, stating that Archimedes listed 13 polyhedra.. During the Renaissance, artists and mathematicians valued pure forms with high symmetry, and by around 1620 Johannes Kepler had completed the rediscovery of the 13 polyhedra,Field J., Rediscovering the Archimedean Polyhedra: Piero della Francesca, Luca Pacioli, Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Dürer, Daniele Barbaro, and Johannes Kepler, Archive for History of Exact Sciences, 50, 1997, 227 as well as defining the prisms, antiprisms, and the non-convex solids known as Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra. (See for more information about the rediscovery of the Archimedean solids during the renaissance.) Kepler may have also found the elongated square gyrobicupola (pseudorhombicuboctahedron): at least, he once stated that there were 14 Archimedean solids. However, his published enumeration only includes the 13 uniform polyhedra, and the first clear statement of the pseudorhombicuboctahedron's existence was made in 1905, by Duncan Sommerville.

In November 1984, in his quest to obtain one of the prisms, Stefano apparently kills Roman after pushing him off a cliff. In February 1985, Bo Brady's (Peter Reckell) wife Hope (Kristian Alfonso) is framed for Megan's murder and Stefano vows revenge on the entire family. He kidnaps Roman's twins, Sami and Eric, and Roman's widow Dr. Marlena Evans (Deidre Hall) shoots him, apparently killing him. Stefano resurfaces in 1988 to claim his son Benjy who is about to be adopted by Kayla Brady (Mary Beth Evans) and her husband Steve Johnson (Stephen Nichols), as well as to attempt to "reprogram" Roman, whom he had brainwashed in 1984–85, to serve as one of his assassins (Stefano actually got the idea about brainwashing his "agents" from former daughter-in-law Anna DiMera (Leann Hunley), who had hypnotized her own daughter Carrie into acting out against Roman as part of a plot to discredit him in the eyes of polite society).

In 1920, with the help of Rudolf Gudden, he acquired an ancient farmstead at Urberg, a short distance beyond Sankt Blasien on the southern fringes of the Black Forest where he was able to progress his studies, while also intensively and exhaustively observing nature through the prisms of his newly acquired insights. Till now the focus of Brasch's work had been on portraiture and oil paintings, but as the 1920s opened up he became, in addition, a painter of flowers, forests and hillscapes. He turned increasingly to watercolors, no doubt attracted by the relative portability of the necessary equipment and supplies when traipsing past hillside meadows, but also attracted by the atmosphere and textures possible with the medium, along with the more nimble use of colour which his works from the period demonstrate. His canvases from this period use only "Japanese" Washi paper, which facilitated the delicacy and precision associated with the artists' work.

Because Adorno's American citizenship would have been forfeited by the middle of 1952 had he continued to stay outside the country, he returned once again to Santa Monica to survey his prospects at the Hacker Foundation. While there he wrote a content analysis of newspaper horoscopes (now collected in The Stars Down to Earth), and the essays "Television as Ideology" and "Prologue to Television"; even so, he was pleased when, at the end of ten months, he was enjoined to return as co-director of the Institute. Back in Frankfurt, he renewed his academic duties and, from 1952 to 1954, completed three essays: "Notes on Kafka", "Valéry Proust Museum", and an essay on Schoenberg following the composer's death, all of which were included in the 1955 essay collection Prisms. In response to the publication of Thomas Mann's The Black Swan, Adorno penned a long letter to the author, who then approved its publication in the literary journal Akzente.

Minolta made some early forays into digital SLRs with the RD-175 in 1995 and the Minolta Dimâge RD 3000 in 1999 but were the last of the large camera manufacturers to launch a successful digital SLR camera using a current 35 mm AF mount in late 2004. The RD-175 was based on the Maxxum/Dynax 505si 35 mm film SLR and used three different ½-inch CCD image sensors—two for green and one for red and blue—supplied with images by a light splitting mechanism using prisms mounted behind the lens. The RD 3000 used Minolta V-mount APS format lenses and again used multiple CCDs—this time two 1.5 MP ½-inch sensors stitched to give a 2.7 MP output image. It was not until late 2004 (after the merger with Konica) that they launched the Dynax/Maxxum/α 7D, a digital SLR based on the very successful Dynax/Maxxum 7 35 mm SLR body.

Wehner, M., R. Gardner, M. M. Tice, M. C. Pope, A. D. Donovan, and T. S. Staerker (2015) Anoxic, storm dominated inner carbonate ramp deposition of Lower Eagle Ford Formation, west Texas: Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, San Antonio, Texas, USA 20-22 July 2015, doi:10.15530/urtec-2015-2154667 The rise in sea level eventually drowned the East Texas Woodbine river deltas, initiating Eagle Ford deposition in East Texas.Denne, R. A., and Breyer, J. A. (2016) Regional depositional episodes of the Cenomanian-Turonian Eagle Ford and Woodbine groups of Texas: "in" Breyer, J. A. (ed.), The Eagle Ford Shale: A renaissance in U.S. oil production, AAPG Memoir 110, p. 87-135. The initial deposits, known as the Six Flags Limestone in Dallas and the Bluebonnet Limestone in Waco, are calcarenites predominantly composed of disaggregated prisms of "Inoceramus" clams and planktonic foraminifera tests.Norton, G. H. (1965) Surface geology of Dallas County, "in" The geology of Dallas County: Dallas Geological Society, Dallas, Texas, p. 40–125.

These changes in index and dispersion can sometimes be enough to affect the lens focus location and imaging performance in highly corrected systems. The lens blank manufacturing process is as follows: #The glass batch ingredients for a desired glass type are mixed in a powder state, #the powder mixture is melted together in a furnace, #the fluid is further mixed while molten to maximize batch homogeneity, #poured into lens blanks and #annealed according to empirically determined time-temperature schedules. The glass blank pedigree, or "melt data", can be determined for a given glass batch by making small precision prisms from various locations in the batch and measuring their index of refraction on a spectrometer, typically at five or more wavelengths. Lens design programs have curve fitting routines that can fit the melt data to a selected dispersion curve, from which the index of refraction at any wavelength within the fitted wavelength range can be calculated.

The intensity of the light was increased by a large (first-order) optic by Cookson & Co., combining a main dioptric fixed lens with upper and lower tiers of catoptric mirrors. On 25 April 1843, lighting was upgraded to improve visibility from Sandy Bay, and in 1854, the lighthouse had a reported visibility of . Repairs and alterations were made to the lighthouse in 1863-64 by engineer Henry Norris, when the single-wick lamp was replaced with a Chance Brothers four- wick burner, and a new, much-improved optic was provided (a first-order fixed catadioptric, also by Chance Brothers). The improvements included provision of a red arc of light over the hazardous Pearl Rock region: in order to maintain the intensity of the red light out as far as Pearl Rock (which was 6 miles away), 9-foot high vertical reflecting prisms were used to redirect light from the landward side (where it would otherwise be wasted) back through the red sector.

He will conduct the same work in the city of Tokyo between January 2010 and December 2011. One of his most recent projects, begun in 2010 and still in progress, is "Mouche à lire":Article (in Italian) "Letture per ditteri: il rapporto tra fotografia e scrittura attraverso gli scatti di Gianni Pezzani" Article (in Italian) "STORIA DEL FOTORACCONTO: da Elio Vittorini a Gianni Pezzani" carefully selected pages of books on which to place a fly, immortalizing the dipteran on the written page, evidence of a long devotion and passion for reading. Another of his most recent projects is "Magnetica": the research consists in putting on a magnet rotating at a steady speed, paper prisms or small objects made of glass or plastic that, thanks to the long exposure time of the camera; those make the illusion of three-dimensional shapes. The last published project is "Tensione superficiale": it focuses on the return of the chemical phenomenon that is highlighted in images where the water falls form spherical geometries, that the human eye can hardly grasp.

Flamborough was the first Trinity House lighthouse to use paraffin, which had only lately been introduced as a lighthouse illuminant; afterwards, the Corporation upgraded all its oil burners to paraffin. Along with the new lamp, a new first-order dioptric optic was installed, by Chance Brothers of Smethwick, The revolving optic was designed to maintain the lighthouse's characteristic of two white flashes followed by one red flash; the speed of revolution was changed, however, from a flash every two minutes to a flash every 30 seconds. Driven by clockwork, the optic was described at the time as 'a circular frame of six faces, composed of great glass prisms, [...] the third and sixth faces having sheets of ruby glass before them to give the red effect to the light'. These red-flashing lenses were made more than double the width of the clear white-flashing panels, to compensate for the reduced intensity caused by the ruby filters; with a width in azimuth of 69.5°, they were at the time the widest lens panels yet constructed.

Nikon F professional SLR camera with eyelevel prism and early NIKKOR-S Auto 1:1,4 f=5,8cm (1959) The Nikon F was the first 35 mm SLR system to be widely adopted by professional photographers, especially photojournalists covering the Vietnam War, as well as for use by NASA astronauts Camera Systems Carried on Board the Command and Service Module (CSM) on Apollo Lunar Missions. It was originally priced at US$186 with 5 cm f/2 lens; in November 1963 the US price was $233 for the body with a standard prism plus $90 for a 5 cm f/2 lens or $155 for a 5 cm f/1.4. A combination of design elements made the Nikon F successful. It had interchangeable prisms and focusing screens; the camera had a depth-of-field preview button; the mirror had lock-up capability; it had a large bayonet mount and a large lens release button; a single-stroke ratcheted film advance lever; a titanium-foil focal plane shutter; various types of flash synchronization; a rapid rewind lever; a fully removable back.

Her absence in the US and later Paris prevented her election but the range and status of her nominees is evidence of the high regard for the quality and integrity of her work held by many leading artists and architects. Early in the 1980s, Wise was commissioned by Chamberlin, Powell and Bon, the architects of the Barbican Centre in London, to design the large-scale mural construction, known as The Alice Walls, in the stairwell to the main cinema. This work incorporates mirrors — a feature along with glass prisms which she has used in a number of her reliefs as a way of introducing effects of light which add to the perceptual interest of the abstract. This followed several other architectural commissions, including a screen for the International Union of Architects Congress (1961), a wall screen for the Cunard liner, Queen Elizabeth II (1968), and wall reliefs for Nottingham University Hospital (1973), for the Open University (1980), and a relief panel for Unilever House in London in 1982.

In the 1890s the High Light was provided with a complex new array of fixed first-order Fresnel lenses, together with a Douglass-designed six-wick lamp. According to contemporary plans, displayed in the nearby museum in the castle, the 'new' lenses were in fact old lenses reused from elsewhere: one panel 'taken from the first order dioptric apparatus formerly used at St Catherine's' and one 'taken from the central portion of the old Bishop's Rock apparatus',Photograph of diagrams from the ALK Museum in Hurst Castle both of which had been replaced a few years earlier. (Three sets of upper prisms were also re-used from St Catherine's.) One panel was positioned on the south-west side of the lamp and aligned with the Low Light to provide the transit guiding passage through the Needles Channel; the other was positioned on the east side of the lamp to guide vessels approaching via The Solent, with a red sector in addition marking a hazard, Solent Banks. In the intervening arc (i.e.

Journal of Neuroscience 63: 131-149, 1990. This dominance does have limitations, however; in 1985, Eric Knudsen and Phyllis Knudsen conducted a study which showed that vision can alter the magnitude but not the sign of an auditory error.Knudsen, E.I. and Knudsen, P.F. “Vision guides the adjustment of auditory localization in young barn owls.” Science 230: 545-548, 1985. While monaural occlusion and visual displacement both alter the associations between sensory cues and corresponding spatial locations, there are significant differences in the mechanisms at work: “The task under [the conditions of monaural occlusion] is to use vision[…]to assign abnormal combinations of cue values to appropriate locations in space. In contrast, prisms cause a relatively coherent displacement of visual space while leaving auditory cues essentially unchanged. The task under these conditions is to assign normal ranges and combinations of cue values to abnormal locations in space”.Knudsen, E.I. and Knudsen, P.F. “Sensitive and critical periods for visual calibration of sound localization by barn owls” (230). Journal of Neuroscience 63: 131-149, 1990.

A blue-crowned parakeet sitting inside her parrot tent A parrot tent is an item of birdcage furniture, usually made from fleece, synthetic fur or quilted fabric which when placed in the cage of a companion parrot, provides the bird a comfortable, soft-textured private space in which it may climb inside to play, warm itself, rest or sleep. Often referred to by using popular brand names, such as the 'Happy Hut' or the 'Snuggle Sack', a parrot tent is typically hung from the roof of the parrot's cage using two or more clips. Several designs of tent are commercially available, for example soft canopies that sit over an existing perch, open-ended tubes and prisms, or fully enclosed teepee or dome-shaped bags with a single opening. Care must be taken to ensure that the parrot does not consume pieces of the tent or accidentally become entangled and trapped in frayed threads, both of which may occur if the bird's natural chewing instincts compel it to gnaw upon the fabric.

Another theme in the Vortex Garden is that of sacred geometry and cosmological numerical relationships, such as the “golden mean” and the Fibonacci number sequence derived from it, frequently found in the crop circles, often 70 meters in diameter, that mysteriously appear each year mainly in fields in England up until the grain harvest. Smaller versions of these crop circles are immortalised at Prinz-Christians-Weg 13, Darmstadt in the form of mosaics and tiling pictograms, as well as three-dimensionally in sculpture of meticulous craftsmanship. The highly complex patterns of these corn circles are drawn as step-by-step comprehensible geometric designs and have an orderly, decorous effect on the environment in which they are located—as in the case of the side entrance staircase, where a row of engraved bronze coins stands side by side interspersed at short intervals with 48 various crop circle pictograms. A photograph of Goethe’s summerhouse in Weimar showing a stone pentagram on the floor provided the inspiration for the crop circle mosaic of limestone slabs in the pavilion with sparkling glass prisms in the dome design.

Calle Junín, at the heart of the Recoleta neighborhood From the end of the nineteenth-century to the start of the 1920s, the Recoleta neighborhood has witnessed the construction of a great number of “châteaux” (often imitating those of the Loire valley in France), as well as Parisian style petits hôtels, almost always designed by architects of French origin. The major portion of the building materials (boiseries, slate roof tiles, marble for staircases, bronze and iron work, chandeliers with lead crystal prisms, glass lamp shades, ornate gilded mirrors, and beveled lead crystal window panes, mosaics, etc.) were brought from Europe. But just as it occurred in other neighborhoods of Buenos Aires, these grand buildings, in large part, have been demolished since the 1960s due to the realities of the real estate market: on the land that held an extraordinary private mansion, several ordinary modern buildings could be erected. Currently several neighborhood groups which organize marches, meetings, and other events are working to halt further destruction of existing landmarks.

Ansel attended Siggraph conferences since 1989, and in 1991 began work with digital visual effects for film in the US at VIFX, using particle software (Prisms/Houdini). In 1993 she joined Industrial Light & Magic for The Mask (most recognizably the ‘wolf’ sequence as technical director) and other projects including the initial scene reconstruction for digital of Star Wars: A New Hope, a ‘proof of concept’ sequence with a small team which included Joe Letteri and Steve Williams, utilizing in-house software developed for the sequence. She went to Weta Digital for The Frighteners in New Zealand, one of the earliest incarnations of the company. Returning to the US, she formed an independent 3D production company in Los Angeles, whose contract work included Flubber, Nutty Professor II, and artist Matthew Barney’s Cremaster cycle. As CG supervisor on What Dreams May Come, she supervised the ‘painted world’ sequence. The film won the 1999 Academy Award for Visual Effects, and the ‘painted world’ optical flow-based image manipulation, developed on the film, won the Academy Technical Achievement award in 2007.

Some thousands of these have been recovered; many are historical, some linguistic, some geographical, some astronomical. Similar use has been seen in hollow cylinders, or prisms of six or eight sides, formed of fine terra cotta, sometimes glazed, on which the characters were traced with a small stylus, in some specimens so minutely as to be capable of decipherment only with the aid of a magnifying-glass. In Egypt the principal writing material was of quite a different sort. Wooden tablets are found pictured on the monuments; but the material which was in common use, even from very ancient times, was the papyrus, having recorded use as far back as 3,000 B.C.E. This reed, found chiefly in Lower Egypt, had various economic means for writing, the pith was taken out, and divided by a pointed instrument into the thin pieces of which it is composed; it was then flattened by pressure, and the strips glued together, other strips being placed at right angles to them, so that a roll of any length might be manufactured.

As part of the 1904 upgrade, the red sector light was reconfigured to shine from a window lower down in the tower, below the lantern; it continued to use light redirected from the landward side of the main lamp, by way of a series of lenses and prisms. View of the lighthouse, looking south-west out to the English Channel The arc lamp was decommissioned in the 1920s; by this time it was the last operational arc lamp in a lighthouse in the UK (it is now displayed as an exhibit in Southsea Castle.) It was replaced by a 4 kW filament lamp powered by mains electricity; an automatic lamp changer was provided, to engage a standby electric lamp in the event of a bulb failure (and a standby acetylene lamp in the event of a power failure). The 1904 optic was retained, with the addition of an electric winder to the clockwork rotation drive. By 1932 the fog horn house was being undermined by erosion; it was demolished and a second (smaller) tower was then built alongside the lighthouse to house a new more powerful 12-inch siren.

Lamont’s major works compare how people's shared concepts of worth influence and sustain a variety of social hierarchies and inequality. She is concerned with the role of various cultural processes in the creation and reproduction of inequality. Some of her most recent publications include: the Erasmus Prize-winning essay, Prisms of Inequality: Moral Boundaries, Exclusion, and Academic Evaluation; her latest book, Getting Respect: Responding to Stigma and Discrimination in the United States, Brazil, and Israel; and her presidential address to the ASA (ASR June 2018). She currently serves on various scientific boards including: American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS), The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID), Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity, Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies (PIIRS) and Nordic Centre for Research on Gender Equality in Research and Innovation (NORDICORE). Lamont’s early writing formulated influential criticisms of the work of Pierre Bourdieu, a leading sociologist with whom she studied in Paris. Her first book, Money, Morals, Manners, showed that Bourdieu’s theories of cultural capital and habitus ignore moral status signals and national repertoires that explain differences in American and French class cultures.

It is possible to prove a stronger form of Steinitz's theorem, that any polyhedral graph can be realized by a convex polyhedron for which all of the vertex coordinates are integers. For instance, Steinitz's original induction-based proof can be strengthened in this way. However, the integers that would result from this construction are doubly exponential in the number of vertices of the given polyhedral graph. Writing down numbers of this magnitude in binary notation would require an exponential number of bits.. Subsequent researchers have found lifting-based realization algorithms that use only O(n) bits per vertex... It is also possible to relax the requirement that the coordinates be integers, and assign coordinates in such a way that the x-coordinates of the vertices are distinct integers in the range [0,2n − 4] and the other two coordinates are real numbers in the range [0,1], so that each edge has length at least one while the overall polyhedron has volume O(n).. Some polyhedral graphs are known to be realizable on grids of only polynomial size; in particular this is true for the pyramids (realizations of wheel graphs), prisms (realizations of prism graphs), and stacked polyhedra (realizations of Apollonian networks)..