Columella multiplicate, with combined total 2 to 8 plications plus parietal lirae, rarely to 17 in which the posteriormost are denticles; one species with only 1 plication. Plications usually occupying less than half the length of the aperture, but most of the aperture in some. Plications excavated just inside aperture in a few species, usually evenly rounded, first plication usually raised and very strong. Shell with cystiscid internal whorls.
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Shell minute to small, white, hyaline; spire usually immersed, rarely low; lip thickened, smooth, lacking denticulation; external varix absent; siphonal notch absent; posterior notch absent; columella multiplicate, with 6-8 plications plus parietal lirae, plications usually excavated inside aperture due to collabral parietal callus ridge.
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The shell is minute, white, semitranslucent; prominent axial costae present; spire sunken but not immersed; lip strongly thickened, smooth, lacking denticulation, flared posteriorly; siphonal notch absent; posterior notch absent; distinct parietal callus "shield" present; columella multiplicate, with 5 plications plus parietal lirae, plications slightly excavated inside aperture due to parietal callus deposits.
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The apex is sinistral. The aperture is subquadrangular. The outer lip is not continuous. The columella is straight, without plications.
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There are two small plications on the columella . The siphonal canal is short and broad. Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae.
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The axial sculpture is somewhat coarse. The axial plications are crisp and regular. It is transversely spirally ribbed. The ribs are elevated, subequal, crenelated, articulated with reddish brown.
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An external varix may be present or absent, a siphonal notch may be present or absent. The columella may have 2-6 plications. The operculum is absent in this family.
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The sculpture consists of eighteen spiral cords and twenty-two radial riblets. Within the outer lip are ten small and short plications. Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae.
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The aperture is wide and free from tubercles or plications on the columella side, and generally without a varix. The sinus is subsutural, broad, and shallow. There is no fasciole band distinguishable.
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The columella is overlaid by a thick callus sheet with a definite margin, across it extend ten plications. The siphonal canal is a mere notch. Hedley, C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae.
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A very beautiful spirally carinate and lirate species. The short canal and wide sinus proclaim it rightly placed in Microdrillia and the acute carinae are peculiar. The aperture is oblique and oblong. The columella contains no plications.
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The shell grows to a length of 8 mm. The shell is narrowly shouldered. Numerous indistinct longitudinal plications fade out towards the lower part of the body whorl. There are about sixteen revolving ridges on the body whorl.
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Shell minute, pyriform, strongly narrowed anteriorly; spire low; lip thickened, strongly denticulate; external varix probably absent (needs to be confirmed); distinct axial costae present; siphonal notch absent; columella multiplicate, with combined total of usually 8 plications plus parietal lirae.
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This species differs from the type species (Monilea callifera) in having only faint indications of the nodose plications at the upper angle of the whorls. It also differs in color, being paler and less rosy.Smith, E.A. (1903). Marine Mollusca. pp.
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Shell often with a weak parietal callus wash or weak parietal callus deposits. Columella multiplicate, with combined total of 3-8 plications, usually occupying less than half to slightly more than half the aperture length. Shell with cystiscid internal whorls.
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They pass over all the transverse ridges and are a little stronger over them. Next the suture are small, short, appressed plications, with a tendency to pair, and even to unite above, thus becoming staple-shaped. The ante-sutural band is excavated, smooth except for the terminations of the plicae, which cease near its posterior border. Near the anterior border the spiral threads begin, crossing sharply-projecting short oblique plications (thirteen on the body whorl) which disappear halfway from the perii) hery to the anterior end of the siphonal canal, and are somewhat angulated just in advance of the ante-sutural band.
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MISS is a technique that can be employed for all major types of strabismus surgery like rectus muscle recessions, resections, plications, reoperations, transpositions, oblique muscle recessions, or plications, and adjustable sutures, even in the presence of restricted motility. The smaller openings and the less traumatic procedure are in general associated with faster postoperative rehabilitation and less swelling and dyscomfort for the patient immediately after the procedure. It is supposed that the technique can be performed as an outpatient intervention in many patients (mainly adults) who would otherwise be hospitalized. D. S. Mojon: Review: minimally invasive strabismus surgery.
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Lamaureriella is a genus of laterally-flattened curled helcionellid known from Lower Ordovician deposits. The majority of the hundreds of known specimens come from a single concretion. The specimens are on the scale of millimetres; they bear unusual flanges ("plications") on their sides.
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The height of the shell attains 4 mm, its diameter 6 mm. This species differs from the characteristics of the genus in having the longitudinal plications upon the upper part of the body whorl almost obsolete, and the two circumumbilical carinae are almost smooth.
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A siphonal notch is present but a posterior notch is absent. The parietal callusing is weakly to strongly developed, especially posteriorly, and is absent in type species. The columella has four continuous plications occupying less than half the aperture length. The internal whorls are unmodified.
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The sinus is rather wide. The columella shows two plications or two tubercles.Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London v. 10 (1912-1913) This species is remarkable by the absence of fine grained spirals and is by this an aberrant members of this genus.
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Subsequently, the exterior two-thirds of the upper surface of the whorls are sculptured with four or five strong revolving threads. The space between them and the suture above contains strong, even, flexuously radiating, shining, rounded plications (about eight to a millimeter) which pass obliquely over the revolving threads and appear again on the base as strong regular plications in the umbilical region, extending from the umbilical carina one-third of the way toward the periphery. The base of the shell is covered with numerous revolving threads flattened until their interspaces appear like grooves. The umbilicus is similarly formed to Gaza fischeri, but somewhat more turreted internally.
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The peristome is sharp and discontinuous. The outer and basal lip are convex, with a narrow opaque margin within, which is smooth. The oblique columella is straight, in adult specimens with a few inconspicuous plications above. The umbilicus is filled with callus, leaving only a slight pit.
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The lip of the aperture is thickened, and weakly to strongly lirate. An external varix can be present or absent. There is a distinct siphonal notch present and a posterior notch is also present. The columella is multiplicate, with 4 to 13 plications plus parietal lirae.
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Helcionellaceans are characterised by cap-shaped to bellerophontiform shells; commonly with strong rugae, (transverse plications) clearly defined on both the interior and exterior of the shell; with a septum or septa partitioning off the apex, but lacking the anal emargination that is characteristic of the Bellerophontacea.
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The length of the shell varies between 8.5 mm and 15 mm. The white shell is narrow and with a long spire. It contains 7 whorls, convex, without carina. The plications are slight, somewhat sigmoid, almost obsolete on the body whorl: everywhere covered with moderately strong revolving striae.
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The transverse sculpture consists of faint, irregular, sharp edged plications, strongest near the suture and on the obscure angle just in front of the fasciole, elsewhere nearly obsolete. The fasciole is very slightly impressed. The anal notch is very shallow. The aperture is long, narrow and pointed behind.
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The right insertion of the aperture :mounts slightly above the plane of the suture. The sinus shows a large U-shaped spout, below which is an incipient varix. Beyond the latter the free limb of the outer lip bends inwards. Within this lip are sometimes a few entering plications.
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The columella is flattened, and has two obscure plications near the middle. The canal is short, wide and truncate in front. Sculpture: The smooth protoconch consists of 1½ whorls. The first adult whorl has 2 spiral threads on the periphery, 2nd with 10 sinuous axial ridges overridden by fine spiral threads.
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The varix is composed of a double rib, the free limb traversed by eight spirals and the edge armed by four tubercles, becoming larger as they ascend, the lowest double. The columella shows two deep-seated plications. The sinus and the siphonal canal are broad and shallow. Hedley, C. 1922.
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The length of the shell attains 18 mm. The reddish brown shell shows a white narrow band on the periphery, and, on the body whorl, a second inferior band. It contains 12½ whorls, with obsolete flexuous longitudinal plications, crossed by revolving lines. These are nodulous at the periphery, and less distinctly so inferiorly.
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The anterior row of each whorl has larger and more crowded gemmules. The interstices between the rows are microscopically reticulated by spiral and oblique striae. The aperture descends two gemmule rows. Within the base are four entering plications, otherwise the armature agrees with that of Clanculus margaritarius (Philippi, 1846) and related forms.
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On approaching the base the spirals are getting narrower than the interspace, and the beading less prominent. Upon the beak there are small irregular threads crossed obliquely by the plications of the old beaks. The colour of the shell is greyish-white. The spire is turriculate, not very conspicuously shouldered, longer than the body whorl.
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Shell minute to small, white, hyaline; last whorl rapidly expanded then lip abruptly swept posteriorly giving characteristic shape; spire flat to low; lip thickened posteriorly, smooth, lacking lirae or denticulation, external varix absent; siphonal notch absent; posterior notch absent; columella multiplicate with combined total of 3-8 plications plus parietal lirae; internal whorls cystiscid type.
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On the base are four smaller spirals followed by a larger granulate rib which borders the umbilicus. Within the broad and deep umbilicus continues a succession of granulose spirals. The flat subsutural shell is traversed by radial plications and the whole shell is overrun by dense, fine, radial threads. The simple aperture is subcircular.
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The shell minute to large, white, uniformly colored, or patterned; spire immersed or low to tall; lip thickened, smooth or lirate; external varix present or absent; siphonal notch present or absent; weak to distinct posterior notch present; columella multiplicate with combined total of 3 to 13 plications plus parietal lirae; internal whorls cystiscid type.
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The aperture is narrow. The outer lip lis irate within, a little patulous. The inner lip is plain, with two strong plications near its middle, the posterior the largest. None of the specimens had completed the thickening of the outer lip and the glazing of the columella which mark the adult state, but several were very near it.
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Shell minute to small, white, hyaline; spire immersed to low; lip thickened, smooth or weakly denticulate; external varix absent; siphonal notch absent; posterior notch absent; lacking collabral parietal callus ridge; columella multiplicate, with combined usually 2 to 8 plications plus parietal lirae, first plication usually strong and raised. Mantle smooth, at least partially extending over external shell surface.
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The columella is nearly straight and has none, one or two strong plications on the upper half. The anal sinus of the outer lip is not deep The sinus area between and the strong sutural cord are well excavated. There is an opening in the infrasutural depression of the body whorl.George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol.
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The length of the shell attains 50 mm, its diameter 35 mm. The fusiform and turreted shell contains 12 whorls. These are excavated above, carinated and angulated in the middle and below the angle obliquely plicated. The upper half of each whorl is nearly smooth, as the plications extend scarcely beyond the central large spiral liration which marks the angulation of the whorls.
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Shell minute to small, white; spire immersed to low; surface smooth or axially costate; lip thickened, smooth or denticulate; external varix absent; siphonal notch absent; posterior notch absent; columella multiplicate, with combined total of usually 2 to 8 plications plus parietal lirae; internal whorls cystiscid type. Animal mantle smooth, at least partially extending over external shell surface. Internal anatomy unknown.
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Towards the body whorl, about eight irregular tubercles make their appearance. These are also covered by the wrinkles and granules, below the tubercles. The last row of granules runs uninterrupted and is succeeded towards the keel by short plications, which have about the same direction as the wrinkles. Moreover, the upper surface of this whorl is covered by spiral lirae, only visible under a lens.
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These plications disappear a third of the way toward the periphery. The wall of the umbilicus is concave, overhung by the carina. The turns of the shell are so coiled that the part of each whorl uncovered by its successor forms a narrow spiral plane ascending to the apex like a spiral staircase or screw thread. The thin columella is straight and lacks a callus.
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Two specimens turned up, which differ from the type by the predominating spiral sculpture and very feeble axial plications. Typically there are delicate spiral threads, but in our specimens there are distinct chords present, which are crossed by flexuous longitudinal striæ. Only the upper whorls are distinctly decussate. The protoconch, consisting of two smooth whorls, is much larger than in fossil specimens from Petane, more bulbose, and with an oblique nucleus.
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The shell contains about 12 whorls. These are angulate in the middle and show obliquely nodular plicae (these are more attenuate in the lower portions). The whorls are concave above and subconvex below. In the body whorl there is a slight convexity or rounded ridge just below the suture and above the excavation, below which occur the oblique nodose plications which gradually diminish in strength as the aperture is approached.
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Cadomoceras is an extinct cephalopod genus from the order ammonitida that lived during the Bajocian Stage of the Middle Jurassic, approximately 178 to 175 million years ago. Cadamoceras has smooth inner whorls but the outer has course plications on the outer (ventral) flanks and across the venter. The aperture has a large scoop-like rostrum and spatulate lappets flanking either side. The suture is straight with small, widely separated lobes.
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The outer surface of the peridium, the ectoperidium, is pale brown to grey in color, and covered with clusters of fungal hyphae that resemble hairs. These hairs appear to be aggregated into clusters ("nodular"), and generally point downward. The inner surface of the peridium, the endoperidium, is smooth with a grey to silver and somewhat shiny surface. This inner surface also has faint but distinct vertical ridges, known as plications.
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The length of the shell attains 39 mm, its diameter 11 mm. The elongate, fusiform, turreted shell is very characteristically coloured. The reddish-ochre colour is uniform, except where the transverse lirations (5 in the penultimate whorl and about 22 in the body whorl) cross the ribs or plications (14 in the body whorl), where they are white and slightly nodulous. The suture is well defined by the sudden termination of the ribs.
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NCIS offers two internal grants to support members’ academic activities, inviting ap- plications for Conference Support Grants and Research Grants three times a year. In 2016 NCIS honored the late Professor Elizabeth Eisenstein by reviving the Elizabeth Eisenstein Essay Prize. The Eisenstein Prize is awarded for the best essay by an NCIS member, and the essay must have been published in a peer-reviewed journal or book within the previous two years.
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The surface of the shell has growth lines or plications. The suture is of the Paraceltites type with 8 unserrated lobes and long, anteriorly, contracted club-shaped external saddles. The type species Meitianoceras meitianense, named by Zheng, 1984, one of three species recognized, was first discovered in the Upper Permian Changhsingian Upper Coal Series Formation, in Hunan, China. It has also been found in the Dalong Formation of the same age in Hubei.
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The nuclear whorls are not separated by any sudden change of character from the rest of the shell. The general sculpture consistis of numerous close-set (three or four to a millimeter) narrow plications extending from near the suture obliquely and flexuously across the whorls, in general correspondence with the lines of growth. On the body whorl they fade away anteriorly are and barely visible at the periphery. The lines of growth are generally pretty distinct.
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Lytoceratidae is a taxonomic family of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the suborder Lytoceratina, characterized by very evolute shells that generally enlarge rapidly, having whorls in contact but mostly overlapping very sightly, or not at all. Surface ornament may consist of various combinations of straight or crinkled growth lines, flares, constrictions, and, more rarely, plications. Sutures are highly complex and moss-like, but with few major elements. Lateral lobes are widely splayed and blunt, or with obliquely deflected end.
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Species in the Nautilaceae are generally smooth and involute with straight to strongly sinuous sutures and a small siphuncle. Some groups have sinuous plications or ribs. The Nautilaceae began in the Late Triassic with Cenoceras, a golublar to discoidal genus derived from the Syringonautilidae and possibly from Syringonautilus. Cenoceras, the earliest member of the Nautilaceae and Nautilidae, is the only nautiloid known to have crossed the upper Triassic boundary and the only one known from the Lower Jurassic.
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In the case of shells that have an umbilicus, the columella is a hollow structure. The columella of some groups of gastropod shells can have a number of plications or folds (the columellar fold, plaits or plicae), which are usually visible when looking to the inner lip into the aperture of the shell. These folds can be wide or narrow, prominent or subtle. These features of the columella are often useful in identifying the family, genus, or species of the gastropod.
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This species has by its conical shape some resemblance with Carenzia trispinosa (Watson, 1879), but that species is considerably smaller, with less distinct spines, which have more the character of rounded tubercles. It has smooth interstices, without the conspicuous plications of the new species. The circumstance that the base of the specimens of trispinosa which I could compare is much smoother, seems to give no reliable distinguishing character, at least Watson ("Challenger"-Gastropoda, p. iio) says: "has some faint spirals".
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Scaphohippus intermontanus, the second species in the genus Scaphohippus, is distinguishable from S. sumani by several distinct features of the teeth. The upper cheek teeth have a height of 40-50 mm at the mesostyle and the protocone connects with the protoconule after approximately 30% wear. The enamel fossettes are both simpler and possess fewer plications than those of S. sumani. The species was first described as Merychippus intermontanus in the same 1915 paper by John Merriam in which "Merychippus" sumani was described.
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The transverse sculpture consists of nine stout short waves, or rounded ribs, with narrower interspaces, beginning in front of the fasciole and becoming obsolete in front of the whorl toward the canal. It also shows rather coarse, strong, and somewhat irregular incremental lines. And where the fasciole borders on the suture, the arched incremental lines are crowded into a series of not very regular plications, which form a band or series in front of the suture. The fasciole is slightly excavated.
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The aperture is elongate, and the inner lip (= the inner border of the aperture) is covered by thick parietal callus that may extend to the suture. Lirae (= ridges or plications) on the inner lip are lacking, but there is a conspicuous notch in the anterior third of the lip. The ground color is a dark brown or olive with a varying number (0 to 4) of lighter or darker, often fading bands. A rare color morph lacks the darkest pigments and shows golden-orange tones all over.
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The hinges come to a point, a superficial resemblance to many (phylogenetically unrelated) bivalve mollusk shells. The loss of the hinge line was an important evolutionary innovation, rhynchonellids being the first truly non-strophic shells with a purely internal articulation (teeth-sockets). Strong radiating ribs are common in this group; and there are generally very strong plications or accordion-like folds on the sulcus (the long middle section) of the shell. This probably helps regulate the flow of water in and out of the shell.
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The depression or concavity at the upper part of the whorls produces a marginate appearance at the suture, and upon the margination the lines of growth are slightly puckered. The spiral striae are somewhat deep and have rather a regular look to the naked eye. The nodose plications at the angulation above do not extend far downwards, but soon become obsolete, so that the lower part of the whorls has a nearly even surface. The white aperture is oblong and measures just under half the length of the shell.
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The last-mentioned circumstance might be taken advantage of to remove Teleochilus from the Pleurotomidae, did we not know that the possession of a sinus is not an absolutely necessary qualification for inclusion in that family. In some respects Teleochilus recalls certain forms of Mitra, but it has no columellar plications, nor even the semblance of a fold. Whilst its protoconch is distinctive. At the same time, it approaches the genus Dilaphus, Philippi, which, although deprived of folds on the columella, is classified with the Mitridae, chiefly on anatomical grounds.
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The inner lip (= the inner border of the aperture) is covered by very thick parietal callus that in mature animals extends beyond the aperture to the suture, where it may form a knob causing a pronounced kink in the outline of the shell in apertural view. Lirae (= ridges or plications) on the inner lip are lacking. The ground color is a dark brown or olive with a varying number (0 to 3) of lighter or darker, often fading bands. The fasciolar band (= a distinctly structured portion of the shell around the siphonal notch) is brownish gray to white.
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On the upper whorls, four revolving ribs with smaller inconspicuous ones between them, crossed by faint plications (more evident on the smaller whorls). These produce nodosities which, on the four principal ribs, and especially on the third one, counting from the suture toward the base, rise to acutely pointed projections separated by an incurved scallop of about twice the width of the projections. Toward the aperture the ribs and nodosities become more equal in size. The base of the shell is flattened, impervious, sculptured with some fifteen close set flattened revolving ribs crossed by impressed radiating lines of growth.
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The remainder of the whorls show a narrow puckered band revolving immediately below the suture, on which the shell matter is as it were pinched up into slight elevations at regular intervals, about half a millimeter apart. In some specimens, outside of this band an impressed line revolves with the shell. The remainder is smooth, shining or with evanescent traces of revolving lines impressed from within and strongest about the rounded periphery. The base of the shell is rounded toward the umbilical carina over which it seems to be drawn into flexuously radiating well-marked plications (about thirty-two on the last turn).
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The outer emargination is often only indicated by the reflected course of the lines of growth on the shell. On the inside of the outer lip, various ridges or plications called lirae are sometimes found, and these occasionally may be strong and tooth-like (Nerinea). Similar ridges or columellar plicae or folds are more often found on the inner lip, next to the columella or central spiral twist. These may be oblique or normal to the axis of coiling (horizontal), few or numerous, readily seen, or far within the shell so as to be invisible except in broken shells.
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He traced the plications from minor to major stages, and illustrated the remarkable foldings and overthrust faultings in numerous sections and with the aid of pictorial drawings. His initial misinterpretation of the Glarus Alps as resulting entirely from folding rather than from a major thrust fault, an error which he acknowledged in 1901, did not detract measurably from his considerable contributions. His work, Mechanismus der Gebirgsbildung (1878), is now regarded as a classic, and it served to inspire Professor C Lapworth in his brilliant researches on the Scottish Highlands (see Geol. Mag. 1883). Heim also devoted considerable attention to the glacial phenomena of the Alpine regions.
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The remainder of the shell is sculptured with fine revolving lines, subequal, about as wide as the interspaces, about eighteen at the beginning of the body whorl. These are crossed by slight plications, beginning near the suture, becoming nodulous on a single prominent thread a little way from the suture (which is thus made to appear somewhat channelled), becoming faint about the middle of the upper side of the whorl, and entirely disappearing before reaching the periphery. The revolving lines are fainter on the rounded base. The umbilicus is wide and funnel-shaped, bordered by a strong keel with about twenty-five rounded nodules.
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Below this liration the shell is concave towards the basal or peripheral liration, which in the upper whorls, runs just in the suture and in the last one borders the basal surface. These lirations are slightly spinous. Distinct undulating plications run from one to the other of the lower lirae, with the convex side towards the aperture On the upper part they are directed in an opposite way, being less distinct about halfway the interspace between the upper and median liration. Moreover, the whole shell is covered with much weaker striae, having the character of growth striae and traces of more remote spiral striae.
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