These cities were moving away from the previous planned economy.
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Many industrial workers were laid off as the planned economy was dismantled.
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When the Soviet Union fell, its planned economy fell along with it.
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He called "unacceptable" calls from some to bring back a centrally planned economy.
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Mao era, Baiyin had been a flagship of the planned economy, an industrial
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So we don't believe in a centralized planned economy where the government puts restraints on it.
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Beijing has wrenched all the levers of a centrally planned economy to wage war on smog.
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Although the revolution of 1989 was a liberation, Polish workers were used to a planned economy.
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This made sense when China was in the early stages of moving away from a planned economy.
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All of this was done at a time when the North's centrally planned economy was already shrinking.
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This market activity is driven in part by frustration with the state's inefficient and rigid planned economy.
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Because it is unable to satisfy the vast variety of people's wants, a centrally planned economy is innately coercive.
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State-run companies account for and control most economic activity, including finances and foreign trade, through a planned economy.
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He became interested in the prospects of a planned economy, and ended up in Moscow to perform dissertation research.
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It is about China's state nurturing of key manufacturing sectors using all the levers of a centrally-planned economy.
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In order to boost productivity, Deng Xiaoping converted the institutions of the highly-centralized planned economy to market institutions.
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Strengthening ties does not guarantee that Cuba will reform its one-party system or overhaul its centrally planned economy.
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Economists since have broadly agreed this type of "planned" economy is flawed, albeit recognizing every country has socialistic programs.
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Much of that human capital was wasted by his one-party system, police state and the stagnant, centrally planned economy.
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This helped tip its centrally planned economy into recession in 2016 for the first time in nearly a quarter century.
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Huawei is the biggest private company in China's centrally planned economy, and Meng is the daughter of the company's founder.
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Mao's government had kept emergency stockpiles of grain, salt and sugar since the '1323s as part of the planned economy.
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The government can only use market-based levers to cut capacity given that it is no longer a centrally planned economy.
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Those born since the country ditched its planned economy in the 1980s are growing more outspoken, for example on social media.
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A system in which factories, banks and even housing were nationalized required a planned economy, as a substitute for capitalist competition.
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Songbun, while a clear component of the police-state apparatus, has historically been tethered to the North's traditional centrally planned economy.
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Brunner studied the Soviet planned economy in books but came up against it in real life during the construction of the plant.
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Though it pointed in the right direction—towards greater liberalisation and away from the planned economy—it was worryingly light on detail.
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Cubans have grown bolder in pressing for reforms to Cuba's centrally planned economy, as well as for broader access to the internet.
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It was not a planned economy and I would say thatrule of law was important, never perfect but far more than many-- places.
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These enterprises would have never existed, let alone grew, if there was no economic reform and move from planned economy to market economy.
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Not surprisingly, China, with its centrally planned economy that is dependent on regulation, is imposing a ban on bitcoins and similar digital currencies.
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Corporate and financial institutions' heavy reliance on government intervention – a legacy of China's planned economy system – will take years to overcome, he said.
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It was not a planned economy and I would say that rule of law was important, never perfect but far more than many places.
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Emerging from a planned economy, Chinese consumers have found themselves on unfamiliar ground, says Rogier Creemers, a China scholar at the University of Oxford.
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In other words, Mr. Yeltsin moved to take over all key Soviet institutions, from the K.G.B. to the command center of the planned economy.
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Given tourism infrastructure is already creaking, that means there are business opportunities aplenty but U.S companies must learn to navigate a centrally-planned economy.
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Hobbled by an inefficient, centrally planned economy and a U.S. economic embargo, Cuba has struggled to maintain its infrastructure in a punishing tropical climate.
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The first, in 1949, established a communist state; the second, in 1978, jettisoned a stagnant socialist planned economy in favor of pro-market reforms.
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With food scarce and the government unable to provide through its rationing program, North Koreans began turning away from the official, centrally planned economy.
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India's centrally planned economy in the years after independence was renowned for the complex system of permits required to run a business in the country.
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The Doi Moi reform program of the mid-1980s abolished the state-planned economy in favor of a "socialist-orientated market economy," similar to China.
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He cautiously began to dismantle Fidel's centrally planned economy: more than 500,000 Cubans now work in a budding private sector of small businesses and farms.
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Decades later, east Europeans freed from the shoddy scarcity of the planned economy drove hundreds of miles to newly opened outlets in Moscow and Warsaw.
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Cuba saw growth reach 4 percent last year as the centrally-planned economy gradually opens up and the country re-builds ties with the West.
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Totalitarianism combines a system of terror, single-party rule, a centrally planned economy, command over the army and the media, and an all-encompassing ideology.
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The Castro government has long justified its stifling controls on its citizens and its centrally planned economy by portraying Cuba as a nation under siege.
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The two previous North-South summits, in 2000 and 2007, achieved little, beyond securing the North cash and food to prop up its failing planned economy.
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In his speech, Xi enumerated the accomplishments of China's development since it moved away from a planned economy, when basic goods were rationed and often scarce.
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The success of market- and semi-market-based economies since then has made the notion of a planned economy seem like a thing of the past.
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Cubans hope the next government can breathe life into the Soviet-style centrally planned economy, which has failed to improve much under Castro's limited market reforms.
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He first began by selling shoes that his father made at home, eventually starting ANTA in 1994 as China's planned economy was transitioning to a market economy.
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Since Fidel stepped down from Cuba's presidency when he was taken ill in 2006, Raúl Castro has cautiously begun to reform the island's sclerotic centrally planned economy.
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China maintains a so-called command economy — or a centrally planned economy, where its central bank dictates where interest rates for bank loans and deposits should be.
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Instead, it chose a gradual transition, over 21625 years, from an overwhelmingly planned economy to a mixed economy in which the state still plays a leading role.
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Xu said that regulatory arbitrage in the Chinese system was "more serious" due to the institutional legacy of the planned economy, which separated supervision of financial activities.
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After World War II, then, the French emphasized the desirability of a planned economy and came to detest laissez-faire liberalism (or as they termed it, "ultraliberalism").
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Given tourism infrastructure is already creaking, that means there are business opportunities aplenty but U.S companies must learn to navigate a centrally-planned economy with its quirks.
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The markets have improved the quality of life for many but also makes them less reliant on the Soviet-style planned economy, undermining the power of the state.
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A vestige of the planned economy, the hukou system assigns each Chinese citizen a jurisdiction of residence that determines their access to education and other social welfare services.
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A handful of agricultural reforms in recent years have failed to boost output in its inefficient, centrally-planned economy, which also suffers from a decades-old U.S. trade embargo.
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Reflecting market reforms of the centrally planned economy in the socialist country, the new rail cars are split into first and second class, with the former boasting air conditioning.
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Western political science associated totalitarianism with several features, including state terror, total absence of civil society outside the state, a centrally planned economy and domination by a single party.
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But after inheriting the economic crisis that had swept over Russia after the collapse of the Soviet planned economy in 19803, he was credited with quickly turning the tide.
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At the time, China was in the midst of an economic overhaul, seeking to transition from a planned economy to one where market forces and private entrepreneurship were encouraged.
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The current problems take root in Iran's faltering efforts to privatize its state-planned economy after the devastating war with Iraq in the 1980s, which saw 1 million people killed.
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A decade ago, as president, he introduced a series of reforms to liberalize and boost the centrally planned economy, yet it remains heavily state-dominated and bound in red tape.
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Many world leaders have already visited Cuba as it has in recent years sought to improve relations with the West, modernise its centrally planned economy and attract more foreign investment.
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The development zone is part of Cuba's drive to update the centrally planned economy under President Raul Castro, who took over from his brother, the late Fidel Castro, in 2008.
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That experience taught her something about the planned economy: After 25 days of drinking and card-playing, the crew did five days of hard work to meet their monthly targets.
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But in a planned economy, when the planning goes wrong, the island's shoppers would have to divide the limited bread between them (or bribe the baker for more than their share).
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Bernstein writes that "a supposedly capitalist economy where the only investment is passive is worse than a centrally planned economy" since the functions of price discovery and capital allocation are neglected.
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Like thousands of villages dotted across Russia, the remote Siberian village of Sibilyakovo emptied after the closure of its state-run collective farm following the 1991 collapse of the Soviet planned economy.
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But China's 2000 "Open Door Policy," which transitioned the country from a rigid, centrally planned economy to a global, market-based economy, exposed the Chinese people to an array of outside cultural influences.
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In 2011, party leaders promised to overhaul the centrally planned economy, but they have moved too slowly in opening up the country to foreign investment and allowing a private sector to take root.
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But it's useful in that it correctly describes Sanders's ethic and appeal, and makes clear why he's been able to build a coalition among people with no interest in a centrally planned economy.
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The Caribbean island began to slash imports and reduce the use of fuel and electricity last year, sending its centrally planned economy into recession for the first time in nearly a quarter century.
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Putin, who has overseen increased Russian trade with Cuba over the last few years, confirmed Russia's willingness to help the country modernize its old Soviet-style centrally planned economy, according to Cuban state media.
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The number of self-employed Cubans soared to 567,982 as of the middle of last year, versus 157,731 in 2010 at the start of the reform process designed to boost Cuba's centrally planned economy.
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If he enters office with a Democratic Congress, he could accelerate the national transition from a relatively free market to a planned economy, with direct and indirect state control of the means of production.
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Mr. Karimov never lost his love of Soviet methods, be it for strengthening the domestic intelligence services or fostering a centrally planned economy, even if it kept much of the population mired in poverty.
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HAVANA (Reuters) - President Raul Castro's efforts to modernize Cuba's Soviet-style centrally planned economy have borne mixed results, with some initiatives moving forward, others stalled and still others either scuttled or yet to begin.
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As Mei Xinyu, a researcher in a Chinese commerce-ministry think-tank, observes, America complains that China is not a market economy, but asks for a hard target that only a planned economy could hit.
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Cuba has sought to improve its relations with the West as it has undertaken modest reforms over the past 10 years to open up its society, modernize its centrally planned economy and attract more foreign investment.
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Sporadic shortages of basic goods are common in the cash-strapped, centrally-planned economy, but have picked up over the past year, with items like flour, chicken and milk becoming scarce for weeks and sometimes months.
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A succession of world leaders has paraded through the Caribbean's largest island nation in recent years as it has sought to improve relations with the West, modernize its centrally planned economy and attract more foreign investment.
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China's model of shifting from a planned economy to a market economy is attractive for Pyongyang because it was achieved with political, economic and social stability, according to Zhang Anyuan, chief economist at Dongxing Securities in Beijing.
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The number of self-employed on the island has more than tripled to 567,982 since President Raul Castro in 2010 launched his plan to open up the centrally planned economy to more private initiative and market forces.
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HAVANA (Reuters) - One of Cuba's fastest-growing cooperatives said on Friday it had been ordered by the government to close, the latest sign that Havana is putting the brakes on its ambitious plans to reform its centrally planned economy.
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Despite China's argument that it is moving to a market-based economy, this compliance with the Trump/Lighthizer management goals to reduce its bilateral surplus is not new or difficult for China in a largely state-owned, planned economy.
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The factory, due to begin production in 2018, reflects a surge of investor interest in Cuba since President Raul Castro took over from his brother Fidel in 2008 and started on a path of structural reform to update the centrally-planned economy.
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HAVANA (Reuters) - Tourism to Cuba will likely drop 8.5% this year in the wake of tighter U.S. restrictions on travel to the Caribbean island, the government said on Thursday, and the decline in arrivals will further hurt Cuba's already ailing centrally planned economy.
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The "workers' state" with its planned economy, viewed at a hazy distance and with a lot of wishful thinking, seemed to offer a desirable alternative to the cruel irrationality of a failed capitalist system, with its mass unemployment and widespread social misery.
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Beijing was once a city of bikes, the capital of a country known as the Bicycle Kingdom for the millions of two-wheelers that dominated urban transport in a state-planned economy where cars were reserved for official business and the politically powerful.
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Mao was a Leninist — he adopted a kind of Marxist doctrine that held that the state should be held under the tight control of a vanguard party that would oversee the course of communist revolution as it shifted to a centrally planned economy.
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Xu Youjun, vice-chairman of the Shenzhen division of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a government advisory body, said Shenzhen owed its success not to the government or the Communist Party but to its policy of allowing people to go "beyond the planned economy".
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Some people look at it a different way, that it's -- there's some irony wrapped up in the fact this is being touted as progress when really we want China to move away from a centrally planned economy and move to more of a free market.
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A cash crunch and lower oil supplies from Venezuela have forced the Communist-run Caribbean island to slash imports and reduce the use of fuel and electricity, helping tip its centrally planned economy into recession in 21.1 for the first time in nearly a quarter century.
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Although what most people today understand as Communism is the Marxist program of the abolition of private property, state ownership of the means of production and a planned economy, it was not this program, endorsed by other European Marxists, that recommended Lenin to the German Imperial government.
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Pavel Vidal, a former Cuban central bank economist who teaches at Colombia's Universidad Javeriana Cali, said a rare advantage of a centrally planned economy like Cuba's is that it enables the government to "orientate what little resources it has to the country's essential priorities" in a crisis.
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However, a supposedly capitalist economy where the only investment is passive is worse than either a centrally planned economy or an economy with active market-led capital management," a Bernstein research team wrote in a note titled "The Silent Road to Serfdom: Why Passive Investing Is Worse Than Marxism.
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Weak exports, factory overcapacity, slowing investment, a soft property market and high debt levels are all compounding problems for the government as it tries to transition from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented model that will require leaders to cede a large degree of control.
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Many of the state-owned mines are lossmaking in part because they are contractually obliged to provide coal at below-market prices to the state-owned power and steel sectors while maintaining bloated work forces and social services as a legacy of their importance to the planned economy.
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Former Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, in power from 1991 until his death in 2012, saw the conglomerate as critical to the centrally-planned economy and to a program to transform the country of 105 million people into a middle-income state by 2025 through investments in infrastructure and manufacturing.
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He's since written volumes about children's books and the rise and fall of technology in Britain, as well as a defense of Christianity (he is married to a vicar) and an altogether remarkable book called "Red Plenty" (2012), about the once-limitless promise of the Soviet Union's planned economy.
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Pavel Vidal, a former Cuban central bank economist who teaches at Colombia's Universidad Javeriana Cali, said a rare advantage of a centrally planned economy like Cuba's was that is did enable the government to "orientate what little resources it has to the country's essential priorities" in a crisis.
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While our much ballyhooed economic system has led to wage stagnation and widespread deindustrialization, a growing group of China-admirers point out, China's state-planned economy has lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty over the past forty years, and Beijing now plays host to more billionaires than New York.
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I was a 13-year-old leftist with a taste for weird, radical plans to restructure society: say, having the government buy up majority stakes in every company and then distribute them equally to every American; converting all companies into worker cooperatives; trying a planned economy where the planning is done by decentralized worker and consumer councils rather than a government bureaucracy.
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I was a 13-year-old leftist with a taste for weird, radical plans to restructure society: say, having the government buy up majority stakes in every company and then distribute them equally to every American; converting all companies into worker cooperatives; trying a planned economy where the planning is done by decentralized worker and consumer councilsrather than a government bureaucracy.
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