Watchmaker Joseph Grado founded his company in 1953 after finding success in crafting phono cartridges, while Etymotic began life as an acoustics research and hearing aid company in 43, the same year that Ronald Reagan started wearing a hearing aid in public.
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"OHM- The Early Gurus of Electronic Music: Edgard Varese's "Poem Electronique" ", Perfect Sound Forever website (accessed 20 October 2009).Albright, Daniel (ed.) Modernism and Music: An Anthology of Source. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 2004. p. 185. In 1960, John Cage completed his noise composition Cartridge Music for phono cartridges with foreign objects replacing the 'stylus' and small sounds amplified by contact microphones.
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The Decca phono cartridges were a unique design, with fixed magnets and coils. The stylus shaft was composed of the diamond tip, a short piece of soft iron, and an L-shaped cantilever made of non- magnetic steel. Since the iron was placed very close to the tip (within 1 mm), the motions of the tip could be tracked very accurately. Decca engineers called this "positive scanning".
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They source toroids from Nuvotem Talema in Ireland since H&F; ceased trading in 1993. Of modular construction, the various elements of the amplification and power supply circuitry are in form of plug-in boards. The phono stage is made up of dedicated boards, of which there were three variants matched to gain characteristics and electrical loading from different phono cartridges. There is no assembly line.
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Linn were distributors for Grace and Supex Corporation at the time, and thus the Grace G-707 tone arm and Supex SD900 and SD1000 phono cartridges were also frequently partners for the deck.Messenger, Paul (4 January 2004). "Linn Arkiv B phono cartridge" . Stereophile Early Linn-branded cartridges, such as the Asak and Asaka, and the 3-point mounted Troika (now discontinued, and replaced by the Krystal, which is built by Goldring), were produced by Supex for Linn.
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Shure began supplying replacement crystal pickups to various manufacturers in 1933 and by the mid-1940s Shure was the largest supplier of phonograph cartridges in America, supplying record manufacturers like Philco, RCA, Emerson, Magnavox, Admiral, and Motorola. At the peak of Shure's production the company was producing more than 28,000 cartridges per day, with 25,000 produced at Shure's Phoenix plant. While Shure continues to manufacture phono cartridges, the Phoenix facility was closed in the late 1980s due to declining demand. Shure engineers introduced several key phono cartridge design concepts.
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Another Lenco partner was Goldring, an audio equipment manufacturing company. Goldring produced phono cartridges and exported them all around the world and even Lenco turntables in the 1970s and Lenco L75 was marketed via Goldring as a GL75, their logo being as indication of high quality products. The state of the art of the company was L 75, which was introduced in 1967. The legendary L 75 was presented as a "4 kilogram turntable of 312 millimeter and its aluminum housing" and it was the best- selling Lenco record player.
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Phono input is a set of input jacks, usually mini jacks or RCA connectors, located on the rear panel of a preamp, mixer or amplifier, especially on early radio sets, to which a phonograph or turntable is attached. Modern styli (phonograph needles) and phono cartridges give a very low level output signal of the order of a few millivolts which the circuitry amplifies and equalizes. Phonograph recordings are made with high frequencies boosted and the low frequencies attenuated: during playback the frequency response changes are reversed. This reduces background noise, including clicks or pops, and also conserves the amount of physical space needed for each groove, by reducing the size of the larger low-frequency undulations.
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