Westmoreland is on the House Permeant Select Committee on Intelligence and is Chairman of the Subcommittee on the NSA and Cybersecurity.
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The LRAD can instantly afflict anyone within 300 meters of the device with headaches and dizziness and prolonged exposure results permeant hearing loss—as it did for a protestor in Pittsburgh who settled a lawsuit against the city for $72,000.
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Conservation of public historical monuments is something these administrations have recently been failing to do, particularly in the cemetery Montparnasse with the great Constantin Brâncuși's masterful sculpture "Le Baiser (The Kiss)" (1909) — an already classified national monument that has of late been boxed-up in a permeant-looking wooden enclosure, removing it from public view where it has topped the tomb of Tatiana Rachewskaïa since 1910.
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The process of permeation involves the diffusion of molecules, called the permeant, through a membrane or interface. Permeation works through diffusion; the permeant will move from high concentration to low concentration across the interface. A material can be semipermeable, with the presence of a semipermeable membrane. Only molecules or ions with certain properties will be able to diffuse across such a membrane.
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The Metro Parks Board Of Directors still need to decide the future of the site after SAMI moves into more permeant quarters within Point Defiance Park.
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Permeability depends on the temperature of the interaction as well as the characteristics of both the polymer and the permeant component. Through the process of sorption, molecules of the permeant can be either absorbed or desorbed at the interface. The permeation of a material can be measured through numerous methods that quantify the permeability of a substance through a specific material. Permeability due to diffusion is measured in SI units of mol/(m･s･Pa) although Barrers are also commonly used.
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Left: plate electrodes; Right: needle electrodes The electrochemotherapeutic treatment consists of delivering, either systemically or locally, non-permeant cytotoxic drugs (e.g. bleomycin) or low-permeant drugs (e.g. cisplatin) and applying electric pulses to the area to be treated when the concentration of the drug in the tumor is at its peak. With the delivery of the electric pulses, cells are subjected to an electric field that causes the formation of nanoscale defects on the cell membrane, which alter the permeability of the membrane.
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The temporal behavior of Na+ channels can be modeled by a Markovian scheme or by the Hodgkin–Huxley-type formalism. In the former scheme, each channel occupies a distinct state with differential equations describing transitions between states; in the latter, the channels are treated as a population that are affected by three independent gating variables. Each of these variables can attain a value between 1 (fully permeant to ions) and 0 (fully non-permeant), the product of these variables yielding the percentage of conducting channels. The Hodgkin–Huxley model can be shown to be equivalent to a Markovian model.
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CatSper1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CATSPER1 gene. CatSper1 is a member of the cation channels of sperm family of protein. The four proteins in this family together form a Ca2+-permeant ion channel specific essential for the correct function of sperm cells.
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Add 1-5 μM biliverdin dimethyl ester in media or buffer containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Add 25 μM biliverdin (not as membrane permeant) to cells. Biliverdin does not saturate the smURFP sites and does not achieve maximum fluorescence intensity. Biliverdin dimethyl ester should be used to get maximum fluorescence intensity.
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A number of fluorogens were developed for FAST and its derivates by The Twinkle Factory, varying by their emission wavelength, their brightness and their tag affinity. Some are non permeant, i.e., they can't go through cell membranes, hence specifically labeling membrane proteins or extracellular proteins, allowing for, e.g., monitoring trafficking from synthesis until excretion.
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Since the early 1980s earthquakes have been recorded in the Shetland Plate. The amount of data has been limited by remoteness, severe weather, and a lack of permeant seismic stations in the area. Intermediate depth earthquakes (35–55 km) under the South Shetland Islands indicates that subduction is still occurring at the Shetland Trench.
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The Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz voltage equation, more commonly known as the Goldman equation, is used in cell membrane physiology to determine the reversal potential across a cell's membrane, taking into account all of the ions that are permeant through that membrane. The discoverers of this are David E. Goldman of Columbia University, and the English Nobel laureates Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Bernard Katz.
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P. subnuda and other members of the tribe Meliponini show distinct behavior towards the gynes or royal eggs. It has been observed that new queens are continuously reared and killed by workers bees immediately following their birth. As a result, there is a permeant presence of continuously short-lived gynes. The gynes will be eliminated either by starvation or aggression.
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In 1967, communities across Canada celebrated their Centennial Anniversary with a variety of festivals. The federal government provided funding for these events, including Expo’67 in Montreal. Kitchener-Waterloo was no different in its quest to hold a public event that would increase tourism to the area. Starting in 1967, the community tried a total of three different events as it looked for a more permeant festival.
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A polarized membrane is a lipid membrane that has a positive electrical charge on one side and a negative charge on another side, which produces the resting potential in living cells. Whether or not a membrane is polarized is determined by the distribution of dissociable protons and permeant ions inside and outside the membrane that travel passively through ion channel or actively via ion pump, creating an action potential.
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This lack of ventilation is the primary driver of an intense oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) which is formed in the sub-surface to intermediate depths. In the north, the EUC ventilates the OMZ, and in the south the PCU advects low oxygen waters southward towards northern Chile. This OMZ is the fourth largest permeant hypoxic zone in the world's oceans. It occupies an area about 2.18 ± 0.66 × 106 km3.
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The permeability of a membrane is the rate of passive diffusion of molecules through the membrane. These molecules are known as permeant molecules. Permeability depends mainly on the electric charge and polarity of the molecule and to a lesser extent on the molar mass and size of the molecule. Due to the cell membrane's internal hydrophobic structure, small electrically neutral molecules pass through the membrane more easily than charged, large ones.
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Recently, a selective cell-permeant NAADP antagonist, trans-Ned-19 has been discovered which blocks Ca2+ signals and downstream Ca2+-dependent processes such as differentiation. Prior to that, only high concentrations of blockers of L-type Ca2+ channels (e.g. diltiazem, dihydropyridines) could be used (with obvious concerns over non- NAADP effects). Although not true antagonism, the NAADP 'receptor' can self- inactivate when bound to non-releasing concentrations of NAADP itself.
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Havening therapy refers to Ruden's approach to treating suffering related to trauma. This technique utilizes sensory inputs, including physical touching between the therapist and patient, to create a safe space for de-encoding traumatic memories. According to Ruden, touch facilitates an increase in calming chemicals like serotonin, which deactivates specific receptors in the memory bank. Consequently, successful havening can result in permeant change as amygdala-activated emotional responses to the traumatic memory are removed.
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The net flow of positively charged ions is inward. The nAChR is a non-selective cation channel, meaning that several different positively charged ions can cross through. It is permeable to Na+ and K+, with some subunit combinations that are also permeable to Ca2+. The amount of sodium and potassium the channels allow through their pores (their conductance) varies from 50–110 pS, with the conductance depending on the specific subunit composition as well as the permeant ion.
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Active mTORC1 is positioned on lysosomes. mTOR is inhibited when lysosomal membrane is damaged by various exogenous or endogenous agents, such as invading bacteria, membrane-permeant chemicals yielding osmotically active products (this type of injury can be modeled using membrane-permeant dipeptide precursors that polymerize in lysosomes), amyloid protein aggregates (see above section on Alzheimer's disease) and cytoplasmic organic or inorganic inclusions including urate crystals and crystalline silica. The process of mTOR inactivation following lysosomal/endomembrane is mediated by the protein complex termed GALTOR. At the heart of GALTOR is galectin-8, a member of β-galactoside binding superfamily of cytosolic lectins termed galectins, which recognizes lysosomal membrane damage by binding to the exposed glycans on the lumenal side of the delimiting endomembrane. Following membrane damage, galectin-8, which normally associates with mTOR under homeostatic conditions, no longer interacts with mTOR but now instead binds to SLC38A9, RRAGA/RRAGB, and LAMTOR1, inhibiting Ragulator's (LAMTOR1-5 complex) guanine nucleotide exchange function- TOR is a negative regulator of autophagy in general, best studied during response to starvation, which is a metabolic response.
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In humans ENT are also known as SLC29, a group of plasmalemmal transport proteins which transport nucleoside substrates like adenosine into cells. There are four known human ENTs, designated ENT1, ENT2, ENT3, and ENT4. They are blocked by adenosine reuptake inhibitors like dipyridamole and dilazep, drugs used clinically for their vasodilatory properties. The best- characterized members of the human Ent family, hENT1 and hENT2, possess similar broad permeant selectivities for purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, but hENT2 also efficiently transports nucleobases.
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Most fluorescent DNA dyes (one of exceptions is Hoechst 33342) are not plasma membrane permeant, that is, unable to pass through an intact cell membrane. Permeabilisation is therefore crucial for the success of the next step, the staining of the cells. Prior to (or during the staining step) the cells are often treated with RNase A to remove RNAs. This is important because certain dyes that stain DNA will also stain RNA, thus creating artefacts that would distort the results.
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Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester, often abbreviated Fura-2AM, is a membrane-permeant derivative of the ratiometric calcium indicator Fura-2 used in biochemistry to measure cellular calcium concentrations by fluorescence. When added to cells, Fura-2AM crosses cell membranes and once inside the cell, the acetoxymethyl groups are removed by cellular esterases. Removal of the acetoxymethyl esters regenerates "Fura-2", the pentacarboxylate calcium indicator. Measurement of Ca2+-induced fluorescence at both 340 nm and 380 nm allows for calculation of calcium concentrations based 340/380 ratios.
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TrpC5 is one of the seven mammalian TRPC (transient receptor potential canonical) proteins. TrpC5 is a multi-pass membrane protein and is thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. The protein is active alone or as a heteromultimeric assembly with TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC4. It also interacts with multiple proteins including calmodulin, CABP1, enkurin, Na+–H+ exchange regulatory factor (NHERF), interferon-induced GTP-binding protein (MX1), ring finger protein 24 (RNF24), and SEC14 domain and spectrin repeat-containing protein 1 (SESTD1).
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In these cases the movement of molecules is best described by pressure-driven convective flow through capillaries, which is quantified by Darcy's law. However, the more general model in gas applications is the solution-diffusion (d) where particles are first dissolved onto the membrane and then diffuse through it both at different rates. This model is employed when the pores in the polymer membrane appear and disappear faster relative to the movement of the particles. In a typical membrane system the incoming feed stream is separated into two components: permeant and retentate.
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Performing these types of single molecule studies under systematically varying conditions (e.g. agonist concentration and structure, permeant ion and/or channel blocker, mutations in the ion channel amino acids), can provide information regarding the interconversion of various kinetic states of the ion channel. In a minimal model for an ion channel, there are two states: open and closed. However, other states are often needed in order to accurately represent the data, including multiple closed states as well as inactive and/or desensitized states, which are non-conducting states that can occur even in the presence of stimulus.
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Regeneration Hall is one of several permeant exhibitions at the museum The permanent exhibitions at the museum were designed by Haley Sharpe Design, based in Leicester, UK, and Origin Studios, based in Ottawa. The design team, together with museum historians, crafted its exhibits in which the themes of brutality, geography, politics, and survival are woven throughout most of the exhibitions in the museum. The museum permanent exhibitions are divided into seven zones, and further sub-divided into 25 themed clusters. Graphic interpretive information is spread throughout the exhibits in order to convey textual and visual information to visitors.
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Note that Sides 1 and 2 are no longer in osmotic equilibrium (i.e. the total osmolytes on each side are not the same) In vivo, ion balance does equilibriate at the proportions that would be predicted by the Gibbs–Donnan model, because the cell cannot tolerate the attendant large influx of water. This is balanced by instating a functionally impermeant cation, Na+, extracellularly to counter the anionic protein. Na+ does cross the membrane via leak channels (the permeability is approximately 1/10 that of K+, the most permeant ion) but, as per the pump-leak model, it is extruded by the Na+/K+-ATPase.
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Cytoplasmic galectin-8 and galectin-9 have been shown to control mTOR (mTORC1) and PRKAA (AMPK) in response to lysosomal membrane damage. Lysosomal perforation and other endomembrane damage can be inflicted by various agents such as some chemicals yielding osmotically active products, crystalline silica, possibly amyloid aggregates and cytoplasmic organic or inorganic crystals, as well as intracellular microbial pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis; such injury can be modeled using membrane-permeant dipeptide precursors that polymerize in lysosomes,. Under resting, homeostatic conditions galectin-8 interacts with mTOR, which in its active state resides on the cytosolic (cytofacial) side of lysosomal membranes. However, under lysosome damaging conditions leading to exposure of the exofacially, i.e.
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Another issue, as noted by writer and producer Brad Wright, was that the set was so big, they didn't have enough background actors to adequately fill it. Instead, just prior to shooting they had to move the walls to make the room smaller. The Stargate Command set was to be built on Stages 5 and 6 at The Bridge Studios in Vancouver, however the buildings were still under construction and would not be complete in time for filming the pilot. As a result, production designer Richard Hudolin and construction coordinator Thom Wells designed and built the Stargate Command set in the effects stage at Bridge Studio, where it stayed for the pilot and subsequent episode "The Enemy Within", before being taken apart at the end of February 1997 and moved to its permeant home.
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Scouting and Guiding in Switzerland is made up of numerous scouting and guiding bodies which act to provide the opportunities to scout. This could be though Swiss national Scouting and Guiding organizations, through independent troops (attached to the German Scout organization) or through international troops established in Switzerland. While the latter two are similar, there is a fundamental difference because the three independent groups while taking guidance under different national regimes it is a program developed by people in the various cities, where the presence of international groups in Switzerland is a top down targeted programs that have been developed to offer expatriates scouting and guiding in the language they are used to (mostly English) and are developed in areas with a larger expatriate community. All of which are supported the existence of KISC and Our Chalet, both acting as semi- permeant jamborees.
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The predominant vegetation of the Charters Towers district was Eucalyptus woodland and open Eucalyptus woodland, which was quickly destroyed as timber was felled and used as shoring for the mines, for building purposes, and as fuel for the Cornish boilers. Concern that the environment was being destroyed led to protests about the loss of vegetation from leading citizens, including Anglican Bishop Gilbert White and Isidore Lissner MLA. As a result of the devastation and in keeping with the prevailing belief that the development of gardens improved the moral character and social well being of the community, Lissner encouraged the Charters Towers Municipal Council to request that a reserve be set aside for recreation and botanical purposes. A Temporary Reserve for Public Recreation, proclaimed on 15 May 1885, was placed under "the control of the Municipal Council" and on 17 August 1891 the park became a permeant reserve with the Municipal Council appointed as trustees.
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