It assumed the role of performance enhancer that slash had earlier previously served.
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"I was making a speech about sleep as a performance enhancer," she said.
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He's also injected them into his own arm as a performance enhancer at home.
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I'd even argue that missing weight has greater potential to be a performance enhancer.
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Dermorphin has mostly been used in animals, including, most infamously, as a performance enhancer for racehorses.
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And look, I am so flattered that Donald thought I used some sort of performance enhancer.
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It takes weeks for steroids to build up in your system to be a performance enhancer.
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It's not known as a (legal) performance enhancer and it makes you whiff like a pimp's murse.
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Meldonium treats ischemia, or lack of blood flow, but can be taken in large doses as a performance-enhancer.
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While the use of this substance certainly insinuates performance-enhancing drug use, it is not a performance-enhancer itself.
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As ultra race distances get longer, estrogen becomes like a performance enhancer for women in a few different ways.
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The thickening fibers are like a performance enhancer for your hair, except they won't show up on a drug test.
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And look, I've got to tell you, I am so flattered that Donald thinks I used some sort of performance enhancer.
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Although coffee is the most widely-used form of caffeine globally, it's not commonly studied as a pre-exercise performance enhancer.
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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries it was used in small doses as an athletic performance enhancer and recreational stimulant.
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The announcement came as Noah was serving a 20163-game suspension the N.B.A. imposed after he tested positive for a performance enhancer.
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I was taking this powerful, potentially dangerous drug as a performance enhancer, yet I was doing so within the rules — thanks to the T.U.E. loophole.
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The Russian trainers and officials said they were obeying the ban on meldonium, but they insisted the drug — despite its benefits — should not be considered a performance enhancer.
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WADA initially put the drug on its watch list in 2015, having suspicions of athletes using it as a performance enhancer before making the decision to ban the drug outright.
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Lasix is a "performance enhancer cloaked as therapeutic medication that less than 80% of the horses need" despite 95% of horses receiving it, the Jockey Club said in a recent paper.
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Q: This is something that you think over time as a performance enhancer gets regulated, or this is what every single athlete in the world has to do to keep up?
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A well-known performance enhancer in the field of competitive-eating, that is, but rather less efficacious when it comes to maneuvering a two- or four-wheeled machine to high-speed victory.
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Sports Briefing | Doping Ivars Kalvins, the inventor of the banned drug meldonium, insisted on Friday that it was safe and questioned whether the authorities were justified in listing it as a performance enhancer.
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Islam Makhachev, for instance, claimed he hadn't taken the supposed performance enhancer for over 13 months and was still given a ban by the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) following a positive test.
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This was due to a failed drug test for meldonium—the same performance enhancer that has seen a number of Russian athletes, such as Alexander Povetkin and Maria Sharapova, banned from competing in professional sport.
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While it's not proven that marijuana would give runners an advantage, it's banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency, an athletic regulatory body, in part because it's believed that it could be a performance enhancer.
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As for why meldonium ended up on the banned list, anti-doping agencies found meldonium in about 2% of control samples they tested randomly, and they've noticed chatter on websites touting the drug as a performance enhancer.
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Those convulsions had been thought to be beneficial in tiny doses in the past, and in the late 19th and early 20th centuries it was used in small doses as an athletic performance enhancer, and recreational stimulant.
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While you can make the argument it is a performance enhancer, if the drug was used prior to the January ban as suggested in the claims made for Makhachev and now Povetkin, neither man has truly broken the rules.
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He received treatment from Anthony Galea, a Canadian sports medicine specialist who later pleaded guilty to a felony charge of bringing misbranded and unapproved drugs — including human growth hormone, which is banned by most sports organizations as a performance enhancer — into the United States to treat athletes.
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He helped develop tests for an artificial version of the male sex hormone testosterone, the blood-booster erythropoietin (EPO), and tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), otherwise known as "the clear," the performance-enhancer at the heart of the BALCO scandal that involved Jones, Bonds, and a number of other athletes across multiple sports.
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There are a few contributing factors here, like the popular ascent of microdosing (taking small, "sub-perceptual" doses of psilocybin mushrooms or LSD as an ad hoc antidepressant or performance enhancer), and the ubiquity of "I Went To My Great-Aunt Bernadette's Wake…On Acid"-style reportage, in which psychedelics are harnessed as kind of phase shifter to render the trivial strange, or the openly weird even weirder.
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Otto Friedrich Ranke (17 August 1899 in Munich – 19 November 1959 in Erlangen) was a German physiologist and university professor. Ranke introduced methamphetamine as a performance enhancer in the Wehrmacht during World War II.
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Players have attempted to gain chemical advantages in baseball since the earliest days of the sport. In 1889, for example, pitcher Pud Galvin became the first baseball player to be widely known for his use of performance-enhancing substances.Smith, Robert. "A Different Kind of Performance Enhancer", NPR.
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Caffeine improves memory, sociability, and alertness. Another chemical performance enhancer, dihexa, is an ingestable neuropeptide that was approved for use in the United States in 2019. It is prescribed to clients who want to achieve a specific goal such as learn a new language or master an instrument.
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This was attributed to the effects of caffeine, sucrose and Vitamin B in the drink - however scientific consensus does not support the efficacy of using Vitamin B as a performance enhancer. To explain the performance improvement the writers report an increase in blood levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and beta-Endorphin.
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Dimethylglycine has been suggested for use as an athletic performance enhancer, immunostimulant, and a treatment for autism, epilepsy, or mitochondrial disease. There is no evidence that dimethylglycine is effective for treating mitochondrial disease. Published studies on the subject have shown little to no difference between DMG treatment and placebo in autism spectrum disorders.
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Ambergris Ambrien is found in the gut of sperm whales. It is commonly used in Arab cultures as relief medication for headaches or as a performance enhancer. The chemical structure of Ambrien has shown to increase testosterone levels triggering sexual desire and sexual behavior in animal studies only. Further research is needed to know the effects on humans.
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Stan sometimes attempts to change Steve, usually unsuccessfully, as when he once gave Steve an experimental performance enhancer. The steroid caused Steve to grow female breasts but also ironically made him more popular at school. Steve looks up to his dad as a role model but his naïvete often leads him to follow his dad's advice or convictions, seemingly blindly. This led him to once openly display homophobia.
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In a dramatic moment with tremendous support from cheering fans, Badmann, crying, began jogging. She finished 10th with a personal-worst marathon time of 3:27:54. Though she finished second on the course of the 2004 Ironman Triathlon World Championship, Badmann is considered the winner of the race due to the disqualification of the initial winner, Germany's Nina Kraft, after Kraft admitted to using the banned performance enhancer EPO.
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It is also used as an athletic performance enhancer, cognitive enhancer, appetite suppressant, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the phenethylamine class. Adderall is generally well tolerated and effective in treating the symptoms of ADHD and narcolepsy. At therapeutic doses, Adderall causes emotional and cognitive effects such as euphoria, change in desire for sex, increased wakefulness, and improved cognitive control.
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The classifications of substances as performance-enhancing substances are not entirely clear-cut and objective. As in other types of categorization, certain prototype performance enhancers are universally classified as such (like anabolic steroids), whereas other substances (like vitamins and protein supplements) are virtually never classified as performance enhancers despite their effects on performance. As is usual with categorization, there are borderline cases; caffeine, for example, is considered a performance enhancer by some but not others.
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Both professional football and Olympic athletes are banned from taking ExtenZe because the DHEA in ExtenZe is considered a performance enhancer. To date Viagra has not been banned by these sports agencies. In 2010, 400-meter Olympic gold medalist LaShawn Merritt was banned from competition for taking ExtenZe, which contains dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a steroid that is banned in athletic competition. Merritt apologized, saying that he did not realize that the formulation contained DHEA.
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The term is frequently used informally to refer to any combination of the enantiomers, or to either of them alone. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is a prescription drug in many countries, and unauthorized possession and distribution of amphetamine are often tightly controlled due to the significant health risks associated with recreational use.
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In the 19th century, it was used in the preparation of hard multum, which was added to beer to make it more intoxicating. This preparation has since been outlawed. Despite its potential toxicity to mammals in large enough doses, picrotoxin is also sometimes used as a performance enhancer in horses. It is classified as an illegal "Class I substance" by the American Quarter Horse Association. Substances that are classified as “Class I” are likely to affect performance and have no therapeutic use in equine medicine.
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Embarrassed by the whole situation, Kam Heung runs away with Suk-gung following her. When the two are found by the rest of the Kam family, the two are in a compromised position due to accidentally consuming a performance enhancer and mistaken by onlookers to have acted in an indecent manner. Not wanting to expose himself as a eunuch, Suk-gung agrees to Kam Heung's idea of going into a fake marriage with her in order to avoid the village punishment of being drowned alive.
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Meanwhile, Oscorp CEO Norman Osborn and his scientists are investigating the appearance of this new hero. Anxious to develop his Human Performance Enhancer "Super Soldier" serum, the main goals of which are already exhibited by Spider-Man, Osborn sends robots to capture him, but Spider-Man destroys them. Later, Spider-Man witnesses the Shocker and the Vulture robbing a jewelry store and escape separately. Going after Shocker first, Spider-Man pursues him through the sewers and into a subway station, where he defeats him.
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Meldonium (INN; trade name Mildronate, among others) is a limited-market pharmaceutical, developed in 1970 by Ivars Kalviņš at the USSR Latvia Institute of Organic Synthesis, and now manufactured by the Latvian pharmaceutical company Grindeks and several generic manufacturers. It is primarily distributed in Eastern European countries as an anti-ischemia medication. Since 1 January 2016, it has been on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) list of substances banned from use by athletes. However, there are debates over its use as an athletic performance enhancer.
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It is also used illegally as an intoxicant, as an athletic performance enhancer, as a date rape drug, and as a recreational drug. It is commonly used in the form of a salt, such as sodium γ-hydroxybutyrate (NaGHB, sodium oxybate, or Xyrem) or potassium γ-hydroxybutyrate (KGHB, potassium oxybate). GHB is also produced as a result of fermentation, and is found in small quantities in some beers and wines, beef and small citrus fruits. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a disease that causes GHB to accumulate in the blood.
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A game of wheelchair rugby, a sport where some competitors are believed to "Boost" Boosting is a method of inducing autonomic dysreflexia with the intention of enhancing performance in sport. It can be used by an athlete with a spinal cord injury to increase their blood pressure and is performed by causing a painful stimulus in the lower part of the body. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) banned the practice in 1994, but many competitors with spinal injuries are still thought to be using it as a performance enhancer.
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D-IX is a methamphetamine-based experimental performance enhancer developed by Nazi Germany in 1944 for military application.Mangesh; Nathan , "Armies Hopped Up on Drugs", mental_floss The researcher who rediscovered this project, Wolf Kemper, said that "the aim was to use D-IX to redefine the limits of human endurance." German doctors were enthusiastic about the results, and planned to supply all German troops with the pills, but the war ended before D-IX could be put into mass production, though it did see limited use among a handful of Neger and Biber pilots.
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The Washington Post, citing unidentified sources with knowledge of drug results from the USA Track and Field Championships in Indianapolis, Indiana, reported that on June 23, 2006, an "A" sample of Marion Jones's urine tested positive for Erythropoietin (EPO), a banned performance enhancer. Jones withdrew from the Weltklasse Golden League meet in Switzerland, citing "personal reasons", and once more denied using performance-enhancing drugs. She retained lawyer Howard Jacobs, who had represented many athletes in doping cases, including Tim Montgomery and cyclist Floyd Landis. On September 6, 2006, Jones's lawyers announced that her "B" sample had tested negative, which cleared her from the doping allegations.
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David Meca Medina (born 1 February 1974 in Sabadell) is a long distance swimmer from Spain, who has swum from mainland Spain to Ibiza among his exploits. He won gold at the 2005 FINA World Championships in Montreal for the men's open water 25 km. Meca took silver in the 5 km event at the 2000 World Championships in Hawaii. He also won silver in the 25 km competition and a bronze in the 10 km at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, Spain. Meca served a one-year ban on every competition and a four-year ban on championships following a positive test for nandrolone, a banned performance enhancer, in 1999.
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On September 11, 2019, The New York Times reported that Justify failed a drug test for scopolamine after winning the Santa Anita Derby. The amount detected was 300 nanograms per milliliter — well in excess of the international standard of 60 ng/ml and the modified limit in California of 75 ng/ml. According to the veterinarian quoted in the New York Times article, the excessive amount detected suggested that it was used as a performance enhancer and was not simply a feed contaminant. At that time, such a drug positive could have resulted in Justify's disqualification from the Santa Anita Derby, which in turn would have meant he would not have received the points required to qualify for the Kentucky Derby.
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Colker previously served as a researcher and television spokesperson for “V-Factor” (a combination of yohimbine, L-arginine, and Gingko biloba), a dietary supplement marketed by Vital Basics, Inc. of Portland, Maine as a men’s sexual performance enhancer. In 2004, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission registered a complaint against Vital Basics and its owners alleging, in part, that the company’s advertising of V-Factor violated Federal law; specifically, that the company made unsubstantiated claims about V-Factor’s safety; falsely represented that a clinical study of V-Factor conducted by Colker proved that the product was safe and effective; and misrepresented paid commercial advertising featuring Colker (Vital Basics Health Show radio infomercials) as independent radio programs. The defendants settled the FTC’s complaint by paying $1 million for consumer redress and agreeing not to make unsubstantiated claims in the future.
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According to the Washington Post, there is widespread agreement that marijuana can put users in a relaxed and positive frame of mind (although some can experience feelings of anxiety and paranoia), and for that reason, it can be considered a performance-enhancing drug, providing an athlete serenity and confidence he or she might not otherwise have had. A 2006 article in the British Journal of Sports Medicine stated that THC, the primary psychoactive compound in marijuana, “engenders a certain heaviness, marked relaxation, and excessive fatigue of the limbs.” The article also noted that, because the product is usually smoked, that practice can have “detrimental effects on the lungs, oral cavity and upper respiratory tract.” Ross Rebagliati is a firm believer that cannabis is a performance enhancer, and that usage can be helpful for some activities such as extreme sports, as it improves muscle relaxation, reduces anxiety, and extincts fear memories (e.g.
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During World War II, Keys produced various studies related to human physical performance that were of interest to the military, such as studying the effects of testosterone on muscle work and vitamin supplementation as a performance enhancer on adequately fed soldiers, among many other similar studies. It was during the war that Keys and fellow researchers recognized the importance of knowing how to properly treat widespread starvation, since simple overfeeding for so many would be imprecise and there was a potential that the refeeding would fail. To gain insight into the physiology of starvation, in 1944 Keys carried out a starvation study with 36 conscientious objectors as test subjects in the Minnesota Starvation Experiment. At the time, conscientious objectors were being placed in virtual concentration camps, with a few functioning like the Civilian Public Service, so that recruiting them would prove easier than seeking out volunteers in the general population.
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January 11, 2007 – When English footballer David Beckham joined the Major League Soccer's Los Angeles Galaxy, he was given the highest player salary in the league's history; with his playing contract with the Galaxy over the next three years being worth US$6.5 million per year. October 2007 – US world champion track and field athlete Marion Jones admitted that she took performance-enhancing drugs as far back as the 2000 Summer Olympics, and that she had lied about it to a grand jury investigating performance-enhancer creations. November 29, 2007 – Portsmouth football manager Harry Redknapp angrily denied any wrongdoing after being arrested by police investigating alleged corruption in football: "If you are telling me this is how you treat anyone, it is not the society I grew up in." The 2008 Wimbledon final between Roger Federer of Switzerland and Rafael Nadal of Spain, has been lauded as the greatest match ever by many long-time tennis analysts.
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