There was a former age, it seems, when wives were chaste and pedlars honest, when roses bloomed at Christmas and every pot bubbled with fat self-renewing capons.
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From mainstream accounts to transfer rumour portals and even pedlars of inane football memes, the term 'BREAKING' is being used with stories ranging from what Wayne Rooney had for breakfast to Dele Alli's favourite Power Ranger, what time Robert Snodgrass went to bed last night to the colour of Mesut Ozil's socks.
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The Pedlars Act 1871, and an amendment in the Pedlars Act 1881, applies to the United Kingdom, and provides legislation governing pedlar's certificates and the peddling trade.
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The Pedlars Act 1871 requires pedlars to apply to the Chief Constable of their local police force for a pedlar's certificate. Trading as a pedlar without a certificate is an offence. The Pedlars Act 1871 defines a pedlar as a person who trades by travelling on foot between town to town or visits another persons' house. The Act specifically exempts certain traders from being covered by the law, people selling at legitimate markets and fairs, those only seeking customer orders, and sellers of vegetables, fruit, or victuals.
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The Pedlars Act 1871 limited the validity of the certificate to the geographical area covered by the issuing police force, so a pedlar needed to apply for another certificate to trade in a different area. The Pedlars Act 1881 amended the 1871 Act by making a pedlar's certificate valid throughout the United Kingdom.
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After 1821, the HBC monopoly became an informal government for western Canada. It is credited with contributing to the confederation of western and eastern Canada. Third, the pedlars opened up much of the country west of Lake Winnipeg. By the time the Canadian trade approached the Rocky Mountains, most pedlars had been absorbed into the North West Company.
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Pedlars Lane (heads north from the centre of the village) to Tunstall Chapel. Mill Lane (heads south and then south-west) which leads to Butley.
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In 1776 the pedlars built Fort Sturgeon, the first post on the North Saskatchewan. In 1778 the pedlars built a post called Middle Settlement, upriver near Silver Grove(). Beyond the "elbow", they had a place called "Pidgeon's House" near Ruddell, Saskatchewan, and another called "Upper Settlement", nine miles downriver from Battleford, Saskatchewan. (In 1780 an Indian was killed at the Upper Settlement by being given an overdose of laudanum.
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In 1775 the "Pedlars" built post in the area before moving upstream to Fort Sturgeon in 1776. In 1795 the Pedlars or North West Company built a Fort St Louis on the right bank of the river immediately below Peonan Creek. About five miles upstream were three more houses possibly called Isaac's House, named after Isaac Batt, and Fort aux Trembles. In 1796 the Hudson's Bay Company built the first Carleton House a mile and a half downstream.
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In the 1950s, the personnel of the Debonaires changed to Nadia Dore, Bob Brown, Helen McKay and Bob Winette. McKay was to marry Bob Winnette, a singer, musician and songwriter. Together, they formed The Song Pedlars quartet.
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Argued is that pedlars are not restricted where they trade and can legitimately stand outside a shop and sell the same goods as it, they cause congestion on the streets in certain city centres, and are less accountable for any counterfeit or substandard good sold by them. Since 1999, pedlars have raised concerns about the attempt of some local government authorities to pass Private Acts to circumnavigate the current pedlar legislation and restrict their trade, for example, by enacting the City of Westminster Act 1999, and Maidstone Borough Council Act 2006.
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Unlike many white pioneers, Moss respected the customs of the natives and did not marry any of their women.Pioneers, Pedlars and Prayer Shawls : the Jewish communities in British Columbia and the Yukon. Cyril E. Leonoff. Retrieved May 22, 2009.
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In addition to the learned societies, the ground floor rooms of the North wing housed the Hawkers and Pedlars Office (on the west side) and the Hackney Coach Office, the Lottery Office, the Privy Seal and Signet Offices (on the east side). The Hackney Coach commissioners had been established on a permanent footing in 1694, while the Board of Commissioners of Hawkers, Pedlars and Petty Chapmen dated from 1698;Pedlars Act 1697 the latter was abolished in 1810 and its work taken over by the Hackney Coach Office until its abolition in 1831, whereupon responsibility for licensing both of hackney carriages and of travelling traders passed to the Stamp Office. The Lottery Office, established in 1779, was also abolished in 1831 and its residual business likewise passed to the Stamp Office. The Signet Office was abolished in 1851 and the Privy Seal Office in 1884.
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He wrote to Sir Patrick Vans of Barnbarroch about the town of Kirkcudbright. The townspeople, burgesses and merchants, had complained about chapmen in Galloway, travelling salesmen and pedlars, who undercut prices in Kirkcudbright market. This was a crime called "forestalling".
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A blow from Kit knocks Robin down, unconscious. Little John and Will call off the fight, saying Robin is dead. Kit offers them a balsame to heal him. The pedlars go on to Nottingham, and Little John and Will tend Robin.
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Joseph Henderson (1832-1908) was a Scottish landscape painter, genre painter, portrait painter and marine painter. His genre was particularly painting working men such as shepherds, crofters, pedlars, cobblers, fishermen and farm labourers. However he also painted Scottish country and coastal scenery.
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He became a major in the guards in 1664 and a lieutenant-colonel on 16 March 1665. In 1665 he became J.P. for Westminster and a commissioner for licensing pedlars. He was a commissioner for hackney coaches for London and Westminster from 1667.
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Many were former traders. According to Spytko Wawrzyniec Jordan, one of King Stephen Báthory's captains, they were former pedlars who, "having abandoned or sold their booths...buckle on their sword and shoulder their musket; they are infantry of unusual quality, although they look shabby to us...2000 Scots are better than 6000 of our own infantry." It is possible that the shift from peddling to military occupations was connected to the implementation of heavy taxation on pedlars in the 1570s. Scottish mercenary soldiers were recruited specifically by King Stephen Báthory following his experience with them in forces raised by Danzig against him in 1577.
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Corfield (2009), p. 21 As most Vietnamese are stateless residents, they seek a living through ad-hoc various industries such as the construction, recycling and prostitution industries or as street pedlars. Vietnamese that live along the Tonle Sap lake and Mekong rivers are subsistence fishermen.Ehrentraut (2013), p.
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The Historical Society's oral history program expanded rapidly with the involvement of new volunteers drawn largely from the ranks of the National Council of Jewish Women. These interviews led to Leonoff's next book, Pioneers, Pedlars, and Prayershawls: The Jewish Communities in British Columbia and the Yukon, published in 1978.
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If this is the Beaver River (Canada) he was far upriver on the Churchill River. In 1768 venereal disease forced him to remain at York Factory. When "pedlars" (English-speaking Montreal traders) began appearing in the interior, he reported their movements and recommended that the HBC build posts inland.
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After the British conquest of New France in 1763 (and the defeat of France in Europe), the management of the fur trading posts was taken over by English-speakers. These so-called "pedlars" began to merge because competition cost them money and because of the high costs of outfitting canoes to the far west.
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Other themes included a campaign against milk powder, 'The Fight for Life', and drugs, 'Sauna and the Drug Pedlars'. His books have been published by many of the UK's leading publishers including Macmillan, Hodder and Stoughton, Longman and Nelson and also in Nigeria by Bounty Press and Safari. The Sauna series featured in a northern Nigeria television series.
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Pedlars reached Lake Winnipeg by 1767 and Fort des Épinettes west of Lake Manitoba in 1768. By the 1770s they were on the lower Saskatchewan River. The NWC reached the Swan River in 1787 and in the 1790s many posts were built on the upper Assiniboine. In 1787 the NWC built Fort Espérance on the Qu'Appelle River.
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In 1780 Indians burnt the fort to the ground when the traders were away. The Pedlars returned and built a new post "a little below the old House". Morton guesses this was on the north bank opposite Betts Island 1.5 miles above the Prince Albert bridge. Peter Fidler passed by in 1792 and saw only ruins.
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Neroth arose out of several small centres, namely Niederroth, Hundswinkel and Oberroth. The placename ending —roth refers to clearing woods for farming, and goes back to the 12th century or thereabouts. As early as 1744, church books mentioned, besides the resident people, wandering families – the Jenische people. They were pedlars and took up residence in winter in Neroth.
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Robert McGregor RSA (1847–1922) was a Scottish landscape painter, genre painter, portrait painter and marine painter. His genre was particularly painting working men such as fishermen, shepherds, crofters, pedlars, and farm labourers. However he also painted Scottish, French and Dutch country and coastal scenery. He usually signed his work in the right hand bottom corner.
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The city of Borås received its privileges in 1621 by King Gustav II Adolf. The reason was to give local pedlars a legal place for vending their merchandise (and for the government the ability to collect taxes on this trade). The city developed soon after it was founded. After a century it had increased to over 2,000 inhabitants.
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In 1778 Pangman and Blondeau built a fort upstream near Silver Grove, Saskatchewan. In 1779 William Tomison of the HBC came up from Cumberland House and traded while the Pedlars were away. The post had more Indian troubles than most and there were several killings on both sides. In 1777 three men from Fort Sturgeon were killed allegedly for maltreatment of the Indians.
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The proposal was criticised by the Local Government Association, which claimed that it would lead to a 'free for all' of pedlars targeting vulnerable people. By 2014, however, Swinson announced she would seek to amend rather than repeal the laws. Swinson opposed forcing companies to adopt gender quotas, stating that such a move would "negatively affect" the performance of businesses.
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Versions of the ballad first appeared shortly after the rising sung by street pedlars and there are several broadside songs printed. These typically include the phrase "500 Guineas" or "one thousand pounds", and are also sung to the tune of the old Irish air Cailín Óg a Stór. They may be the basis for the later ballad, Lady Franklin's Lament.
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Billingham bags are notable for their process of bonding the fabric of the bag to butyl rubber for water resistance. Billingham have had partnerships with well known camera manufacturers Leica and Hasselblad, making custom camera bags for both companies. They have also had a number of collaborations with British fashion and design house Pedlars. The company celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2013.
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Street trading is selling from a stall, stand, or vehicle in the street rather than in a market hall or square. A collection of regular, and adjacent, street traders forms a street market. Where traders operate on their own, from a regular location, these are variously described as isolated pitches, scattered sites, or miscellaneous sites. Peripatetic traders are termed pedlars.
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In 1773/74 Louis Primeau and Joseph Frobisher wintered on Cumberland Lake. In 1774 Samuel Hearne built Cumberland House, Saskatchewan, the "first" interior post of the Hudson's Bay Company. In 1775 there were a number of pedlars upriver on the lower Saskatchewan near the old Fort de la Corne. Some appeared on Cumberland Lake, including Peter Pangman, the Frobishers, and Alexander Henry the elder.
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These wire handicrafts were made mostly by women at home, while the men became travelling mousetrap salesmen, going well beyond Germany's current borders to sell their wares, into what is now Poland and the Czech Republic. The pedlars used a secret language amongst themselves, Jenisch. Growing industrialization began to hinder the trade noticeably by the early 20th century, until in 1970, it was brought to an end.
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The Year of Revolution – namely 1848 – did not pass Lingerhahn by. On the morning of 25 March 1848, it was reported to Mayor Müller that parishioners from Lingerhahn, “where there are many poor people and pedlars”, were preparing to storm the mayor's office in Pfalzfeld. He called his security watch together and had the men armed with rifles. Gendarmes from neighbouring places also hurried to help.
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In 1771/72 he was with Louis Primeau. In August 1773 he and James Batt left York Factory, Manitoba but had to turn back because of low water. In 1776, he hired his services to Joseph Frobisher, one of the "Pedlars" who carried on trade competitive to the HBC. He did, however, return to company services the next year and finished his life in the inland trade.
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The synagogue had to deal with the rootless poor that lived on the margins of society, un- anglicised pauper immigrants of the post-war years; working as pedlars when peddling had become uneconomic. The immigrants challenged the hard-won respectability that the community valued. Another social change was in tailoring. Second-hand clothes were not good enough for the middle classes and bespoke tailoring was expensive.
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Some of the employees had by then gone to work for the Cozzi porcelain factory.Le Corbelier, 8 By 1768 production was on a large scale.Favaro, 302 In 1762 Pasquale Antonibon reported to the state that his operation consisted of 136 workers in the factory and 100 "pedlars" selling the wares. He had four large and twelve small kilns, and owned plots where he could extract materials.
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If they ran out, the only other source of water was from pedlars who brought barrels of water in from Spain, charging high prices for the privilege. This encouraged many people to recycle their water as much as possible, reusing the same water for different purposes.Sawchuk, p. 136 Gibraltar's chronic shortage of water had significant negative consequences for all the inhabitants, civilian and military alike.
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The western fur trade collapsed during the British conquest of Canada but it was soon restored by English-speakers. These so-called "Pedlars" joined together to form the North West Company. The Hudson's Bay Company responded by building posts inland, starting with Cumberland House, Saskatchewan in 1774. Competition between the HBC and NWC led to a great expansion to trade and exploration until the merger of the two companies in 1821.
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To the south the grassland made a sort of "bay" into the forest. The woods to the north provided furs and the grassland to the south buffalo for food. About 1775 a group of "Pedlars" (independent traders from Montreal) were downriver near the old Fort de la Corne. Seeing the disadvantages of competition they formed a pool (in either 1775 or 1776) which by 1779 became the North West Company.
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From as far back as the mid-16th century, historical records document the presence of Scots trading, serving as mercenary soldiers, and settling in Poland. The vast majority were traders, from wealthy merchants to the thousands of pedlars who ensured that the term szot became synonymous in the Polish language with "tinker". A "Scotch Pedlar's Pack in Poland" became a proverbial expression. It usually consisted of cloths, woollen goods and linen kerchiefs (head coverings).
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Cant was a common feature of rogue literature of the Elizabethan period in England, in both pamphlets and Elizabethan theatre. Thomas Harman, a justice of the peace, included examples in his Caveat for Common Cursitors (1566). He collected his information from vagabonds he interrogated at his home in Essex. He also called it "pedlars' French" or "pelting speech", and was told that it had been invented as a secret language some 30 years earlier.
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They were also present near Roman military camps during campaigns, where they sold food and clothing to the soldiers and paid cash for any booty coming from military activities. There is some information on the economy of Roman Palestine from Jewish sources of around the 3rd century AD. Itinerant pedlars (rochel) took spices and perfumes to the rural population. This suggests that the economic benefits of the Empire did reach, at least, the upper levels of the peasantry.
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The pedlars were important for three reasons: they helped transfer woodland skills from French-Canadians to the English- speakers who dominated the trade in the nineteenth century. Although English and Scots men had the capital to become traders for the HBC, most of the voyageurs, guides, and interpreters were French-Canadian or Métis people. They helped transfer knowledge of the country from the Indigenous peoples. Second, the pedlar competition forced the HBC to build posts inland.
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It is unlikely that they were pedlars, like many of the poorest of the community. The upper limit that the Jews could charge varied between two or three pence per pound per week. The Cahorsins (a term to denote French) and Lombards could charge as much as 50 per cent ; the Jews did not have a monopoly on lending. In early 1277, Licoricia was found murdered inside her house on Jewry Street with her Christian servant, Alice of Bickton.
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Portrait of a peddler by Rembrandt In a sense, E11 is the oldest European footpath among the ERA network. There is archeological evidence that messengers and traders followed the range of low hills in what is now Northern Germany, thousands of years ago. Especially after the Middle Ages, the route became a backbone of east–west trade. Pedlars and other travelers preferred the dry and sandy ridge to the swamps to the North and South of it.
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Robin Hood, Little John, and Will Scarlet meet up with three pedlars and urge them to stay; they go on. Robin shoots at one, striking through his pack to the skin, with force enough to kill him without the pack having been in the way. They throw down their packs and await Robin, but the first, Kit o Thirske, breaks Robin's bow. Robin insists that they give them time to get staves; then they fight, hard enough that all six regret it.
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In the 1750s, Jews had no political rights in England, and in particular were not allowed to purchase property. As country members of the Great Synagogue, they traded as pedlars and hawkers. Small groups coalesced around safe Jew-friendly lodging houses where they organised temporary minyanim to observe the Shabbat. Liverpool was a focus for the first Jewish settlement in the North West of England, with communities in Cumberland Street who moved in 1775 to a room in Turton Court.
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Moana is a closed railway station in Adelaide, South Australia. It was a ground level stopping place during the passenger transport days of this line, and a 1965 reference mentioned that it was no longer used at that date. There was a smaller stop following this called 'Noarlunga Sand Siding' opened in 1928 for loading sand which closed in September 1950. A 1965 reference remarks that traces of the old siding could still be seen at that date on the curve before Pedlars Creek Road crossing.
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The rest were shopkeepers, pedlars, brokers, artisans, factory workers or clerks. As a rule the community stuck to trade, finance and commerce with relatively few of the Baghdadi Jewish community entered either government service or the professions. As many as fifty percent of the Baghdadi Jewish community of Kolkata was poor and dependent on communal Jewish charity. Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the grand merchant families who formed the nucleus of the Baghdadi Jewish community travelled widely building their fortunes across the Middle East and Asia.
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Her Biographical Notices of Members of the Society of Friends who were resident in Ireland appeared in 1823, and is a summary of their spiritual lives, with a scanty narrative of events. Her last work was The Pedlars, a Tale, published in 1824. Besides receiving letters from Burke, Leadbeater corresponded with, among others, Maria Edgeworth, George Crabbe, and Mrs Melesina Trench, and from the age of eleven kept a private journal. She died at Ballitore 27 June 1826, and was buried in the Quaker burial-ground there.
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In El Pardo park, there are festive crowds of pedlars, young lovers and students bustle around. The dentist-barber Lamparilla enters and sings of his career before aiming his comments at the government. Paloma comes on next, singing; although Lamparilla loves her, she just flirts back at him. Next the Marquesita enters incognito for a secret meeting with Don Juan de Peralta, a fellow conspirator in a plot of the Infanta to get rid of the unpopular prime minister Grimaldi and replace him with Floridablanca.
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Street literature is any of several different types of publication sold on the streets, at fairs and other public gatherings, by travelling hawkers, pedlars or chapmen, from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Robert Collison's account of the subject describes street literature as the "forerunner of the popular press".Collison, (1973), subtitle. Leslie Shepard's "History of Street Literature" identifies a range of different publications as indicated by his subtitle: "The Story of Broadside Ballads, Chapbooks, Proclamations, News- Sheets, Election Bills, Tracts, Pamphlets, Cocks, Catchpennies, and Other Ephemera".
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13 -- in particular the music of Johannes Brahms (who dedicated to him his set of waltzes opus 39 for piano duet). In 1869, in a revised edition of his essay Jewishness in Music, Wagner attacked Hanslick as 'of gracefully concealed Jewish origin', and asserted that his supposedly Jewish style of criticism was anti-German.Hanslick disingenuously replied to this attack that 'my father and all his ancestors were of Catholic peasant stock and came, moreover, from a region where Jews were known only as pedlars.' Hanslick (1963, p.
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A great many pedlars and hawkers were registered in Shaftesbury, far more than in any other local towns. An Act of Parliament was passed in 1699 that, amongst its export restrictions on woolens, prevented the making of buttons “made of cloth, serge, drugget, or other stuffs”. The Act would remain in force for two hundred years, but in practice appears to have had little lasting effect on trade. Abraham's sons Abraham Jr. and Elias continued with the business, Elias opening a second depot at Bere Regis.
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A major change in the appearance of the village occurred in the 1920s at the point where the Basingstoke–Alresford road met the road to Wield. Previously there had been just a pond lying at the fork in the road. In 1870 a parish pump was installed next to the pond. In dry summers it was much used by farmers from Wield and Ellisfield, while the brick steps became a favourite spot for visiting Methodist preachers to conduct meetings and for pedlars to display their wares.
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They also make it clear that many of these villains also had legitimate trades, which they exercised from time to time. This is confirmed by the historical record, which shows that many of those arrested as vagrants were unemployed through no fault of their own. They included domestic servants who had been dismissed, labourers seeking work, or those whose trade required travel, such as pedlars and chapmen. Harman does seem to have had direct contact with vagabonds, while most of those who wrote later rogue literature were London based writers living in literary circles.
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Henry and his brother, the Earl of Rochester, had fallen from the king's favour and were dismissed from office. The Privy Seal was given on 16 March 1687 to a Catholic, Henry Arundell, 3rd Baron Arundell of Wardour, and Clarendon withdrew for a while into private life. He had a marriage project of his eldest son, now Lord Cornbury, and money to raise for a settlement on the encumbered family estates. He engaged in speculations, ranging from the digging for coal in Windsor forest to the traffic of Scotch pedlars.
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During his 2009 Question Time appearance, Griffin described the sight of two men kissing as "really creepy". The party has also condemned the availability of pornography; its 1992 manifesto stated that the BNP would give the "pedlars of this filth... the criminal status that they deserve". The BNP promoted the reintroduction of capital punishment, and the sterilisation of some criminals. It also called for the reintroduction of national service in the UK, adding that on completion of this service adults would be permitted to keep their standard issue assault rifle.
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During the second round Faugh A Ballah clocked 29.91, with other fast heat winners being Darcel (30.08), Little Arthurstown (30.12) and Pedlars Pet (30.40). In the semi-finals Baytown Ivy defeated Paddys Elbow by four lengths in 30.08; Darcel beat Note Him by half a length and the Callanan Cup champion Daring Flash won from Hailes Gate in 30.02, also by half a length. In the final the track specialist Daring Flash broke well alongside Paddys Elbow and the pair vied for the lead until the latter tired. Note Him ran on well to take third place from Darcel.
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Inside the Castle of the Counts of Modica there is a puppet theatre: it has born again thanks to the engagement of Salvatore Oliveri, the grandson of the puppet master Gaspare Canino, who worked in Alcamo for about 50 years, continuing the work of Luigi, his father. They often give performances inside the castles or in the square. It is also noteworthy the activity of Compagnia Piccolo Teatro, a theatre company founded in 1976, which has seen the rise (and success) of some actors and theatre directors. During the feasts in Alcamo there are often streets entertainers and pedlars selling sweets, dried fruit and different objects in their stands called "baracchelle".
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By a special law of 1888 children and young persons under 18 years are excluded from employment as pedlars, hawkers or in circuses, except by their parents, and then only if they have attained 14 years. Abuses of the truck system have, since 1887, been regulated with care. The chief objects of the law of 1887 were to secure payment in full to all workers, other than those in agriculture or domestic service, of wages in legal tender, to prohibit payment of wages in public-houses, and to secure prompt payment of wages. Certain deductions were permitted under careful control for specific customary objects: lodging, use of land, uniforms, food, firing.
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1795 home of a Swedish businessman who contracted up to 200 domestic workers, who came here to get the raw material and returned after a couple of weeks with textiles, that local peddlers from the city of Borås then bought. Anders Jonsson (1816–1890) was a famous Swedish entrepreneur who continued a putting-out business at Holsljunga. He contracted up to 200 domestic workers, who came to his house to get the raw material and returned after a couple of weeks with textiles, that local pedlars from the city of Borås then bought and went out to sell, among other things, around Sweden and Norway.
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Because of his French background, the HBC did not fully trust him but needed his woodland skills. In 1772 he and Isaac Batt escorted 160 Indian canoes to York Factory, but before reaching that point, all but 35 of these were diverted to the Pedlar post on Cedar Lake in Manitoba. In May 1772,This date, from the DCB, seems to contradict Morton's story of the 160 canoes he deserted to the Pedlars and went to Montreal, where he entered the service of one of the Frobishers. In 1773/74 he was with Joseph Frobisher on Cumberland Lake near the future HBC post of Cumberland House, Saskatchewan.
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The mountain's name translates from the Gaelic as Peak of the Merchants or Pedlars. The reason for this name may be that in the past the main route between east and west Scotland went by the valley of Strathconan just to the north and Sgùrr nan Ceannaichean may have been seen as a significant landmark by traders and travellers."The Magic of the Munros" Page 152 Gives translation and possible meaning. Initially classed as a Corbett, Sgùrr nan Ceannaichean was reclassified as a Munro in 1981 after an air height of 915m, obtained by photogrammetry from the metric survey, appeared on the Ordnance Survey map.
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Mason ditched his aircraft in the sea, suffering wounds to his hand in the combat and a broken nose in the ditching. By now Mason had assumed a notoriety within the aircrews of the Commonwealth Air Forces, having grown a thick black beard (against RAF regulations) and acquired the nickname "Imshi" ; colloquial Arabic for 'scram', which he reportedly tended to shout at the local pedlars. During a patrol on 26 January, Mason encountered 3 Fiat G.50bis of 2o Gruppo CT near Derna and 7 Fiat CR.42s of 368a Squadriglia strafing Australian ground positions. Mason shot down two victims, Sottotenente Alfonso Nuti and Maresciallo Guido Papparato from 368a Squadriglia, who were both killed.
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There was a further, smaller sector of the population made up of non-nomadic Jenische pedlars and tinkers. The stage was thus set for a new handicraft industry to arise, one that produced much sought-after articles: mousetraps and rat traps. The needed skills were brought to the community by a former teacher from Neroth, who saw such an industry as a way out of the otherwise intractible chronic wretchedness that had hitherto beset the village – and indeed most of the Eifel. Many of the poorer villagers – both Jenische and non-Jenische – then went about peddling handicrafts made of wire, among these, mousetraps. The upshot was that many families’ livelihoods improved markedly.
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Inspired by a collection on "Trade and Market in the early Empires" edited by Karl Polanyi, the substantivists conducted a wide comparative study of market behavior in traditional societies where such markets were embedded in kinship, religion and politics. They thus remained focused on the social and cultural processes that shaped markets, rather than on the individual focused study of economizing behavior found in economic analysis. George Dalton and Paul Bohannon, for example, published a collection on markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Pedlars and Princes: Social Development and Economic Change in Two Indonesian Towns by Clifford Geertz compared the entrepreneurial cultures of Islamic Java with Hinduized Bali in the post-colonial period.
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The pedlars open their packages of tempting fabrics, the jeweller > is there with his trinkets; the tailor with his ready-made garments; the > shoemaker with his stock, from rough, hairy sandals to yellow and red > Morocco boots; the farrier is there with his tools, nails, and flat iron > shoes, and drives a prosperous business for a few hours; and so does the > saddler, with his coarse sacks and gaily-trimmed cloths. And thus it is with > all the arts and occupations known to this people.... But long before sunset > not a soul of this busy throng remains on the spot. All return home, or to > take refuge in some neighbouring village.Thomson, 1859, vol 2, pp. 152-153.
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He supported the Administration consistently and was rewarded with the appointment of his eldest son as receiver general of the land tax for Worcestershire, while his second son was appointed a commissioner for licensing hawkers and pedlars. In March 1732 Lane spoke in favour of the free export of wool and yarn from Ireland. He was a salt exporter and at this time he was involved in a protracted lawsuit with the salt commissioners on a claim for nearly £23,000 for allowances on shipments of salt to Ireland over a period of six months. He protested against the export of rock salt to Ireland because, as there was no restriction on refining it there, it would undercut his own salt.
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A condition of the gift was that Brougham and Offley were not to make public any of his writings after his decease; and in 1692, on Sir Peter Pett publishing what he called the bishop's 'Genuine Remains,' the two legatees 'delay'd no time' in issuing a vindication, calling Sir Peter Pett and the vicar of Buckden (where the bishop had died) 'confederate pedlars.' The title of this vindication of their master was 'Reflections to (sic) a late Book entituled The Genuine Remains of Dr. Tho. Barlow, late Bishop of Lincoln, Falsely pretended to be published from his lordship's Original Papers.' It was written by Henry Brougham, and was published in 1694, with a list of Socinian writers (Latin), declared to be the bishop's real list, annexed.
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Outside elite social circles, the Jacobite community circulated propaganda and symbolic objects through a network of clubs, print-sellers and pedlars, aimed at the provincial gentry and "middling sort". In 1745, Prince Charles ordered commemorative medals and miniature pictures for clandestine distribution. Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn; his blue coat was often worn by Jacobite sympathisers Among the more visible elements of the Jacobite community were drinking clubs established in the early 18th century, such as the Scottish Bucks Club or the "Cycle of the White Rose", led by Welsh Tory Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn. Others included the "Sea Serjeants", largely composed of South Wales gentry or the "Independent Electors of Westminster" led by the Glamorganshire lawyer David Morgan, executed for his role in 1745.
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In addition to miners, farmers and pedlars, frequent visitors at the inn included drovers leading cattle to the coal pits. After the closure of the last mine in 1929, and demolition of the associated cottages in the early 1930s, the pub remained open due to the patronage of local farmers and the development of the motor car. From 1974, boundary changes moved it into County Durham, but this was reviewed in 1987 after much protest, and it reverted to within the Yorkshire boundary. In 1995, the Tan Hill Inn became the first public house in the UK to be granted a licence to hold weddings and civil ceremonies, after new laws were established to allow couples to marry in places other than churches or register offices.
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Its conclusions were scathing; there had been no investment in the public water infrastructure in Gibraltar for 150 years, forcing the civilian population to rely entirely on their own resources and ingenuity. The public water storage facilities provided only four to six litres of water per person per day, for all purposes including washing, cooking and drinking – well below the recommended level of nine litres per day. A third of the population did not have access to cisterns or private wells and had to either draw their water from the brackish wells on the isthmus or buy it at exorbitant prices from Spanish water pedlars. One day's supply of six litres of imported water cost as much as a year's supply of water in England.
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Hawker selling books in bus, Cuttack, Odisha A hawker selling goat meat in Kabul The terms peddler and hawker are often used synonymously. Social commentator Henry Mayhew wrote, "Among the more ancient of the trades, then carried on in England, is that of the hawker or pedlar", and he notes, "the hawker dealt, in the old times, more in textile fabrics than in anything else." In several passages of his work, Mayhew categorises hawkers, hucksters, and peddlers as a single group of itinerant salesman, and claims that he is unable to say what distinction was drawn between a hawker and a huckster. Mayhew estimated the number of licensed pedlars in 1861 as 14,038 in England, 2,561 in Scotland, and 624 in Wales.
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Among the throng of the verbenera at mid-summer night of San Juan on the banks of the Manzanares the nobility mingle with pedlars and artisans. The crowd recognises the Duchess of Medina, a young widow who has disguised herself as a poor house-maid for an assignation with her admirer, but pursued by the Marqués of Caravaca, a boastful and lecherous man. He is secretly trying to discover who is following her and importunes her putting paid to her adventure, until her father also appears, which allows her to disappear into the crowd again. Félix and Antonio, poverty-stricken hidalgos enter, the former hoping for a meeting with a lady who calls herself Leonor; eventually she emerges from the throng and they exchange conversation in a duo.
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Members of the Dutch political party GroenLinks canvassing door-to-door in Groningen Door-to-door is a canvassing technique that is generally used for sales, marketing, advertising, or campaigning, in which the person or persons walk from the door of one house to the door of another, trying to sell or advertise a product or service to the general public or gather information. People who use this sales approach are often known as traveling salesmen, or by the archaic name drummer (someone who "drums up" business), and the technique is also sometimes called direct sales. A variant of this involves cold calling first, when another sales representative attempts to gain agreement that a salesperson should visit. Historically, this was a major method of distributing goods outside large towns, with the salesmen, often self-employed known as pedlars or peddlers, also hawkers.
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Astley Castle was a Parliamentary stronghold during the English Civil War, one of a network of small, troublesome garrisons (to the Royalists) that infested this part of the English Midlands, drawing upon surrounding villages for their support. According to one of the garrison muster lists submitted to the committee of accounts at Warwick, Captain Hunt and Lieutenant Goodere Hunt commanded about thirty five soldiers here in July 1644. Ann Hughes, links Astley to the "rebel towns" described by royalist propaganda broadsheets as governed by low-born tinkers, cobblers and pedlars, pointing out that Hunt was "an illiterate shoemaker" before the war, prosecuted in 1647 for 'requisitioning' a gentleman's horse. The small but active Astley garrison compares with Tinker Fox's celebrated band of 7 officers and 42 troopers at Edgbaston Hall, George Kendall's 6 officers and 21 soldiers at Maxstoke Castle and Waldyve Willington's garrison of around 130 soldiers at Tamworth Castle (including 'the town company') in accounts from July 1645 (SP 28/123/part 2).
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Burstow's repertoire contained many folksongs as understood by the collectors of the time, but also much unwanted material from known and published composers and from relatively recent broadside ballads. Broadwood's account of folksong collecting gives a picture of this poor fit: > We must listen with becoming reverence to "Silver Threads amongst the > Golden," to Eliza Cook's "Old Armchair," or to "Sweet Alice, Ben Bolt"; we > must wag our pencil hypocritically over our music-paper should we wish later > to hear the ballad of "Long Lamkin," "Lord Thomas and Fair Eleanor," "Death > and the Lady," or the like. And we must never take for granted that a dirge > on Napoleon, or the lamentation of a convict hanged a few years ago, can be > skipped, for modern doggerel is often wedded to the oldest tunes. For comparison, Burstow's list begins with five ballads on Napoleon and includes "John Lawrence" (presumably the "Last Dying Confession" of John Lawrence, hanged at Horsham in 1844),Burstow (1911), 64-6 gives the text and tells of pedlars "singing and selling printed copies" of it on the execution day.
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