Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440. ORSTOM, Paris.Bor, N.L. (1970). Flora Iranica 70: 1-573.
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Later also Lutherans moved to Louisenthal, thus in 1867 the village counted 458 inhabitants, among them 227 Catholics. The Lutherans belonged to the Lutheran parish of Lübzin. Louisenthal consisted of 40 farm homesteads, two handicraft businesses and about 60 buildings forming the agricultural inventory in 1867. The village measured of arable land, of which were used as ploughlands, as meadows and of pasturages.
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Oxyrhachis is a genus of African plants in the grass family.Pilger, Robert Knud Friedrich 1932. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin- Dahlem 11: 655Grassbase - The World Online Grass Flora The only known species is Oxyrhachis gracillima, native to Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Cameroon, Tanzania, Madagascar, KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesBosser, J. (1969). Gramiées des pasturages et des cultures a Madagascar: 1-440.
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The Sámi crossed the borders freely until 1826, when the Norwegian/Finnish/Russian border was closed. Sámi were still free to cross the border between Sweden and Norway according to inherited rights laid down in the Lapp Codicil of 1751 until 1940, when the border was closed due to Germany's occupation of Norway. After World War II, they were not allowed to return. Their summer pasturages are today used by Sámi originating in Kautokeino.
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330 In return for being endowed with "perpetual access to all public butts, plains and pasturages legally allotted for shooting arrows", the Royal Company is required to present to the Sovereign three barbed arrows on request. The first such weapon-shawing was held on 14 June 1714, with the Marquis of Athole as the Company's Captain-General, even though he was in his 80s by this time, and the Earl of Wemyss as Lieutenant-General at the head of about 50 archers.Hugo Arnot, The history of Edinburgh, from the earliest accounts, to the year 1780, Edinburgh, 1816, p.
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Cañada Real Leonesa Occidental in Province of Ávila, Spain In medieval Spain the existence of migratory flocks on the largest scale, which were carefully organised through the system of the Mesta gave rise to orderly drovers' roads, called cabañeras in Aragon, carreradas in Catalonia, azadores reales, emphasising royal patronage, in Valencia, and most famous of all, cañadas, including three major cañadas reales, in Castile.H.C. Darby, "The face of Europe on the eve of the great discoveries", in The New Cambridge Modern History vol. I, 1957:29ff: the section on Spain's medieval drovers' roads depends on Darby. Along these grazing trackways sheep travelled for distances of 350 to 450 miles, to the summer pasturages of the north, around León, Soria, Cuenca and Segovia, from the middle of April, and returning to winter pasturage in La Mancha, Estremadura, Alcántara and the lowlands of Andalusia.
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The dwellings, fields, and pasturages of these brotherhoods or kindreds are scattered over the country, and it is not always possible to trace them in compact divisions on the map. But there was the closest union in war, revenge, funeral rites, marriage arrangements, provision for the poor and for those who stand in need of special help, as, for instance, in case of fires, inundations and the like. And corresponding to this union there existed a strong feeling of unity in regard to property, especially property in land. Although ownership was divided among the different families, a kind of superior or eminent domain stretched over the whole of the brat stvo, and was expressed in the participation in common in pasture and wood, in the right to control alienations of land and to exercise pre-emption.
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