We called our movement the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement, or the Pashtun Protection Movement.
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The Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM) emerged after the January killing by police of Pashtun youth Naqibullah Mehsud in Karachi.
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Turmoil between Ghazni's Pashtun and Hazara tribes helped lay the foundation for the assault by the predominantly Pashtun militants.
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The protests after the killing of Mr. Mehsud, an ethnic Pashtun, mushroomed into a movement in the country's northwest, which has a majority Pashtun population.
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Karachi is where the killing of a young Pashtun, Naqeebullah Mehsud, by police in January sparked nationwide peaceful demonstrations about Pashtun rights, from which PTM emerged.
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Karachi is home to the world's largest Pashtun population, and many senior A.N.P. leaders fled the city in 2013 as the Taliban gained power in ethnic Pashtun areas.
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The PTM has gained considerable support to the alarm of the military, which is wary of Pashtun nationalism in the strategically sensitive Pashtun lands along the Afghan border.
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The protest is part of the Pashtun Long March, a domestic non-violent movement, which began in January 2018 after the extrajudicial killing of a Pashtun falsely accused of terrorism.
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Meanwhile, the majority Pashtun Taliban was routed by a coalition of militias from Afghanistan's non-Pashtun ethnic minority groups, known as the Northern Alliance, backed by US ground forces and air power.
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Bilour was part of the predominantly secular, ethnic Pashtun nationalist Awami National Party, which has long competed with Islamist parties for votes in Pakistan's volatile Pashtun lands, along the border with Afghanistan.
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Although the government has not banned the group, the Pashtun Protection Movement, also known as the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement, or P.T.M., the activists have clearly struck a nerve in Pakistan's military establishment.
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The new Pashtun rights movement — which is known by the initials P.T.M., from words that translate as Pashtun Protection Movement — is the product of years of outrage over the security forces' power.
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In a protest led by the Pashtun Tahafuz (Protection) Movement, thousands gathered in Peshawar, Pakistan, last Sunday to demand the release of missing persons and basic human rights for Pakistan's Pashtun ethnic minority.
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Opposition parties say the government is using corruption as a pretext to silence its opponents while it also cracks down on groups such the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM), an ethnic Pashtun rights group.
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He charged the Pashtun while riding a bright gray pony.
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Most of the Pashtun Kot district is in Taliban control.
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Mr. Khan takes great pride in his Pashtun ethnic identity.
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Both oppose to the predominantly Pashtun faction around President Ghani.
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Mehsud is a founding member of the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM) that has called for answers to the thousands of unresolved missing persons cases in Pakistan, primarily from the ethnic Pashtun region bordering Afghanistan.
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The PTM leader Manzoor Pashteen's popularity has surged amongst Pashtun youth.
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Which is not to say that the Pashtun don't love development.
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Mr. Nasir is not Pashtun but has campaigned against police brutality.
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Protests broke out Monday all around Pakistan's Pashtun-heavy northwestern frontier.
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The media was told to completely black out the Pashtun movement.
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"It doesn't portend to become a genuine Pashtun uprising," she added.
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Manzoor Ahmad Pashteen is the leader of the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement.
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The military said three people were killed in the violence, but the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM), which was co-founded by Dawar and campaigns for civil rights for ethnic minority Pashtun people, said troops killed 13 civilians.
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"The latest subject to be placed off limits is the Pashtun (Protection) Movement, which has been organizing protests in defense of Pakistan's Pashtun minority and denouncing human rights violations by the military targeting Pashtuns," the statement read.
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The leadership is Pashtun, but there are also Uzbek and Tajik fighters.
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It is in French, English, Arabic, Flemish and Pashtun, with English subtitles.
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Bajaur is one of the Pashtun tribal regions near the Afghan border.
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Punjabis dominate the army while the northwestern tribal areas are overwhelmingly Pashtun.
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Of Pashtun and Tajik parentage, he was identified politically with the Tajiks.
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The U.S.-backed Afghan government has expressed solidarity with the Pashtun nationalist movement.
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Pakistan's ethnic Pashtun borderlands have been a hotbed of Islamist militancy in recent decades.
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Some campaigners among the sprawling city's Pashtun community say the story is not unusual.
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The problem here is not every Pashtun killed and profiled here is a model.
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Political tensions between ethnic Pashtun and Baluch leaders have been another source of conflict.
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Leaders of the Pashtun movement say they are exercising their right to protest peacefully.
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They thought up nicknames for one another — including Mustache, the Big One, Obama and Pashtun.
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Mr. Mehsud's killing helped set off a Pashtun civil rights movement that spread across Pakistan.
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Like President Ghani and his supporters, Hizb-e is dominated by the Pashtun ethnic group.
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The Taliban are a Sunni Muslim, mainly ethnic Pashtun movement but deny any sectarian agenda.
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Mr. Pashteen is leading the movement for civil rights for the Pashtun minority in Pakistan.
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Problems have continued, however, and security officials said at least 10 soldiers have been killed and 35 wounded over the past month in the Khar Qamar area, which has also seen growing tensions with local ethnic Pashtun activists from the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM).
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Afghanistan has never recognized their common border, drawn during British colonial rule through ethnic Pashtun lands.
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Afterward, he pushed for autonomy for Pashtun areas in Pakistan, evoking the ire of national authorities.
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Both the Afghan and Pakistani Taliban draw most of their members and support from Pashtun communities.
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He encouraged her, but the reaction from the rest of her conservative Pashtun family was hostile.
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The Islamicate style was equally complex, bearing influences from Pashtun, Timurid, Safavid, Portuguese and Arabic art.
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While the Pashtun protests have wound down — the police superintendent still remains at large —other demands levied by protestors, including the removal of landmines, accounting for "disappeared" persons by the Pakistani military, and ending security checks and curfews in Pashtun tribal homelands have yet to be addressed.
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Orakzai was formerly a semi-autonomous part of Pakistan's ethnic Pashtun tribal area along the Afghan border.
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Many Pashtun leaders disagreed with the formation of Pakistan when the country split from India in 1947.
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Its most popular title is "The Pathans," Sir Olaf Caroe's 1958 history of the Pashtun ethnic group.
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An ethnic Pashtun, Mr. Mehsud belonged to the Mehsud tribe, which is based in the country's northwest.
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Mr. Mehsud's death hit a nerve with the large Pashtun population in Karachi and in the northwest.
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Access can be even worse for women in these communities due to conservative Pashtun attitudes on gender.
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Fellow Muslims are not spared; ask the Shia, the Pashtun, Sindhi or the Baloch people of Pakistan.
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According to Pashtun tradition, she must marry one of his brothers, which she doesn't want to do.
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All 32 men posted at the base died, said Khalid Pashtun, a member of Parliament from Kandahar.
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WASHINGTON — Early on Saturday, a middle-aged Pashtun man used forged documents to cross from Iran into Pakistan.
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Aden is a recent Muslim convert who can speak Arabic, and Decker is an American of Pashtun origin.
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But my Pashtun ethnic origin, my being from Waziristan, would turn me into a target for racial profiling.
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She has also joined protests led by an ethnic Pashtun movement that Pakistan's military has tried to crush.
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The data does not detail the circumstances of the shootings, but the district has a large Pashtun population.
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He supports the blasphemy law and has defended the justice system adopted by the Taliban from Pashtun tribes.
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Some students and academics say they have been threatened and universities forced to call off talks about Pashtun inequality.
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The attack also had an unmistakable political dimension for its targeting of peaceful political elements inside ethnic Pashtun society.
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"Greece will offer you accommodation, food and healthcare," read the leaflets which were written in Arabic, Farsi and Pashtun.
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I am from Pashtun Kot district, but because of insecurity in the district ... I live in the provincial capital.
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Mr. Mehsud's relatives insist that he has never had militant ties and was targeted just because he was Pashtun.
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Leaders of the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement denied the accusations and said military personnel had fired indiscriminately on the protesters.
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Predominantly Pashtun, it comprises various geographic and tribal constituencies, and its leadership struggles to maintain cohesion among those groups.
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Supporters of the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM) led by Manzoor Pashteen threatened nationwide protests in response to his arrest.
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More recently, the Pakistani Army has often treated Pashtuns with suspicion because the Taliban militancy against the state has been predominantly Pashtun — though locals in Pashtun areas say that their area was until recently governed by draconian, colonial-era laws, and that they feel trampled both by the militants and the Pakistani military.
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In 2006, the extremist group declared vaccination to be a Western plot to sterilize Pashtun children and stunt their growth.
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Above, supporters of a Pashtun civil rights movement displaying photographs of their missing relatives at a protest rally in Karachi.
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When he returned to Faryab this summer, he took up arms with a pro-government local militia in Pashtun Kot.
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Al Qaeda members have married into Taliban families, trained their fighters and enjoy protection under Pashtun tribal code, experts say.
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Ghani, a Pashtun, has tried previously to remove him but also discussed a possible role in the government for him.
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I, Gul Ahmad, will rise in my shroud If I learn that a Pashtun has become the slave of others.
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Its protests against alleged extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detention and "disappearances" of young Pashtun men have drawn widespread support across the country.
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Nine months later, after a short and brutal reign, he was executed when the old Pashtun dynasty returned to defeat him.
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An ethnic Pashtun, Atmar worked for the KHAD, an Afghan security and intelligence agency with strong ties to the Soviet KGB.
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Firearms are easily available in northwest Pakistan, and gun ownership is ingrained in the culture of Pashtun tribes of the region.
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They have been persecuted since Afghanistan's Pashtun emir targeted Hazaras for mass killings and forced removals in the late 295th century.
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The increase in optimism applied across ethnic groups except Uzbeks, who make an important minority in Pashtun- and Tajik-dominated Afghanistan.
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After years of Pashtun outrage over the unchecked power of the security forces, the P.T.M. found its spark in January after the killing of a small group of Pashtun men, including an aspiring model named Naqeebullah Mehsud who was originally from the tribal areas, by police officers in Karachi, a city notorious for violence an ethnic tensions.
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Far more Afghans know of life beyond the traditional confines of the Pashtun village, the inspiration of the Taliban, to go back.
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Some analysts argue Hekmatyar -- who commands a following within Afghanistan's ethnic Pashtun community -- might serve as an important ally for president Ghani.
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On Sunday Pashteen will address what could be his largest crowd yet, in Karachi, home to the country's largest urban Pashtun population.
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The establishment has been shocked by mass protests organized by the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) -- "tahafuz" means protection in the Urdu language.
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In the days after Mehsud was killed, thousands of activists and Pashtun students staged protests in Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Islamabad and Quetta.
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In the wake of those atrocities, the Long March has become a culmination of the Pashtun community's grievances against the Pakistani state.
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But the province also has a large Taliban presence, especially in areas inhabited by the Pashtun population near the border with Afghanistan.
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While the P.T.M. focused on demanding justice for the country's sizable Pashtun minority, its influence quickly grew larger than the movement itself.
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Instead of being buried in his ancestral graveyard, Mr. Ghaffar Khan was buried in Jalalabad, Afghanistan, in the heart of traditionally Pashtun lands.
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Abdullah's support is drawn heavily from among northern Tajiks, Afghanistan's second largest ethnic minority, who have been largely against Ghani, an ethnic Pashtun.
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Mr. Rahami filed for bankruptcy in October 2005, a decision that for a prideful Pashtun man had to have been tough to make.
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Many other northern political factions are aligning against Mr. Ghani's largely Pashtun ethnic base, and General Dostum could broaden that support to Uzbeks.
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A military spokesman described the violence as an assault by members of the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement, or P.T.M., but the protesters disputed that.
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The United States should not let Pakistan link its longstanding support for hard-line Pashtun Islamists in Afghanistan to its disputes with India.
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The PTM emerged after the killing by police of Pashtun youth Naqibullah Mehsud in Karachi in January triggered nationwide condemnation and demonstrations attracting thousands.
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"His supporters would say he was not the ruler of any country, but he was the ruler of many Pashtun hearts," Mr. Siddique said.
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The arrest followed the detention of Dawar and Wazir, whose election to Pakistan's parliament last year affirmed PTM's popularity amongst the country's Pashtun electorate.
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Pashteen, a charismatic speaker and a defender of the Pashtun ethnic group, has been thrust into the spotlight as leader of this new movement.
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In Sohrab Goth, the majority Pashtun suburb of Karachi where Naqib's family live, three families told Reuters they had lost relatives in such incidents.
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The images did not disclose who was holding him, though the video has a Pashtun wedding song popular in Afghanistan playing in the background.
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While the film tackles serious issues including child molestation and adoption, it also shows the rich cultural side of the country's ethnic Pashtun tribe.
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That number includes people from smaller religious and ethnic minorities, like the Shia, Baloch and Sindhi, which have been buoyed by the Pashtun movement.
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With the vote just months away, that coalition-building, and the jockeying among Pashtun public figures to lead them, is at a full sprint.
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The Taliban attacked a neighborhood populated by the Hazara minority as a sign of support for the Kuchi people, who are of Pashtun ethnicity.
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It has also led to the feeling that many of the country's Pashtun population centers have been under functional occupation by the security forces.
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Mr. Ghani also rejected demands for the resignation of his national security adviser, Muhammad Hanif Atmar, who is an ethnic Pashtun, like the president.
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The incident follows days of fighting in the central province of Ghazni where local Hazara militias took up arms against the mainly Pashtun Taliban.
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Her group, the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM), has clashed with the military, which has accused it of disloyalty and being funded by Pakistan's regional rivals.
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Another family friend, Jawad Iqbal Yousafzai, who is from the same Pashtun clan as Malala, said the family also visited a local army cadet college.
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The business at hand was three kilos of maal, high purity heroin, from their regular supplier, a Pashtun man known as Khan bai (brother Khan).
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"We all get by, things just happen," he says, pointing to the fact they collect money from supporters during rallies and from the Pashtun diaspora.
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It was ODA teams that infiltrated Afghanistan with the Northern Alliance and Pashtun groups like the one run by Hamid Karzai that overturned the Taliban.
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The teenagers in the port city of Karachi were said by the Pashtun council of elders, or jirga, to have brought dishonor on the community.
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The disconcerting truth is that the brutal, venal, medieval Taliban movement is popular in the ethnic-Pashtun-dominated south and the mountainous east of Afghanistan.
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There is a lot of Afghan Pashtun nationalism also among the Taliban that deeply resents the influence and attempts at control by the Pakistani state.
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It has heavy viewership in areas where members of the Pashtun ethnic group are most numerous, including most of the areas dominated by the Taliban.
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The Taliban Couchsurfing community also exists partly because of older Afghan traditions of hospitality, such as Pashtunwali, the Pashtun tribal code of ethics and honor.
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His Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) has been a thorn in the side of the military, mainly by demanding the army's withdrawal from Afghan border districts.
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Massoud, from Afghanistan's Tajik community, framed his firing as a move by Ghani, a Pashtun from the country's largest ethnic group, to push others away.
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Abdullah, 59, identifies himself chiefly as from the Tajik community, though he is also of Pashtun descent, and is associated with Massoud's powerful Northern Alliance.
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He first drew support from the traditional Pashtun areas along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, but became closely allied with Mahatma Gandhi's Congress Party in the 1930s.
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"The fighting is very intense and is now becoming an issue of ethnic violence between Hazara and Pashtun," said Amir Mohammad Barekzai, the provincial council chief.
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After the Taliban were overthrown in 2001, Afghanistan quickly morphed into a largely ethnic war waged by Pashtun on both sides of the Af-Pak border.
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That's been the case for the Taliban and Pashtun tribal members in Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as for Boko Haram and tribal minorities in Nigeria.
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He discovered that she belonged to the Pashtun ethnic group, and that she had returned to her village in Afghanistan during a lull in the fighting.
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The film's focus is Naqeebullah Mehsud, a 27-year-old aspiring Pashtun model who was picked up from Sohrab Goth by authorities in early January 2018.
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Khan, an ethnic Pashtun like many Taliban, has built up his support among Pakistani Taliban loyalists, which could be a conduit to negotiations with the Taliban.
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Sensing how momentous the Pashtun movement could become, Pakistan's media outlets began reporting on it earlier this year, only to be threatened by the military themselves.
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In the west of the country, Taliban fighters attacked an outpost of the Afghan National Civil Order Police in the Pashtun Zarghun district of Herat Province.
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But Pakistan, having these groups on its territory and a large Pashtun population of its own, never had an easy option of breaking with Afghan militants.
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She has also written and theorized about the hot zone between the equator and the tenth parallel, and recorded the poetry of Pashtun women in Afghanistan.
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Instead, to the extent we worry about the influence of neighbors, we focus our efforts on Pakistan's support to HQN, the Taliban and other Pashtun insurgents.
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The daughter, 32, is a prominent member of a group campaigning for the rights of the ethnic Pashtun minority, and is a vocal critic of Pakistan's military.
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KABUL — You summon a ride using the Kaweyan Cabs taxi-hailing app, listening to upbeat Pashtun pop as your driver takes you through streets clogged with traffic.
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Like almost all kings and presidents of Afghanistan, Ghani is an ethnic Pashtun and he has faced increasing opposition from Tajiks as presidential elections next year approach.
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Mohammad Rahami, a Pashtun from Kandahar, joined the fight against the Soviet occupation in Afghanistan shortly after the Soviets invaded in 1979, when he was only 16.
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The northern-based Jamiat-i-Islami was for years the main opponent of the Taliban, who draw their support largely from the southern-based ethnic Pashtun community.
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Tribal councils, called jirgas in ethnic Pashtun areas and "panchayat" across Punjab and elsewhere, can act to fill that vacuum, and their decisions are usually without controversy.
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The movement — known by the initials P.T.M., from words that translate as Pashtun Protection Movement — has openly defied the military in ways the country has seldom seen.
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Commanders have said that an alternative antiterrorism court system will be used to prosecute leaders of an ethnic Pashtun protest movement that witnesses insist has stayed peaceful.
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His view of the conflict in Afghanistan has been colored by a sense that the mostly Pashtun Taliban have waged a war of resistance against outsider rulers.
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An influential civil-rights campaign that grew among the country's Pashtun population has sharply criticized the military's dominance in the tribal regions, where Pashtuns are the majority.
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Now 30 years old, Mullah Yaqoub ostensibly leads the Taliban's Quetta-based shura, or council, overseeing Taliban activities in the country's more predominantly Pashtun south and west.
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About two dozen senior commanders from Mullah Mansour's Pashtun tribe have defected to the Afghan government or moved into Afghanistan in fear of further retribution from Pakistan.
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Angry Pashtun tribesmen chanting anti-Taliban and freedom slogans torched the office of the Taliban in Pakistan's northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in response to the Jan.
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"It was all over the news that I was the first Pashtun girl from Waziristan playing sports at an international level," she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
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Vanda Felbab-Brown: That goes back to the creation of independent Pakistan, with issues having to do with the Pashtun minority in Pakistan, which is also the majority population of Afghanistan, and irredentist claims by Afghan Pashtun politicians, as well as the Cold War rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States, who at different times supported either Pakistan or Afghanistan and played the two against each other.
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Under a U.S.-brokered deal, Ghani, an ethnic Pashtun, was appointed president while his rival Abdullah Abdullah, from Jamiat, was given the specially created post of chief executive.
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The year is 21928, and a Pashtun warrior has just wounded a British officer: I forgot everything else at this moment except a desire to kill this man.
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That video appeared to have been sent from an Internet café in Pakistan, and Pashtun wedding music from Pakistan or Afghanistan could be heard playing in the background.
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The bottom line: If the Pakistani government fails to address Pashtun concerns, it spells trouble for the U.S. and any political agreement to end the war in Afghanistan.
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For three days, it made no difference whether you were a Talib or an Afghan soldier; a woman or a man; a Tajik, a Pashtun or a Hazara.
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And many aspects of de facto martial law in the region created simmering outrage among the Pashtun population there that eventually gave birth to the P.T.M. last year.
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Nine police officers, all of Hazara ethnicity, were killed in an apparent insider attack by two other officers, who were Pashtun, and joined the insurgency after the attack.
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In keeping with the Pashtun customs of rural areas of Afghanistan, which fiercely guards the privacy of women, he was reluctant to give the name of the mother.
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Women were also often able to find room to talk with the Taliban by navigating the Pashtunwali code — or Pashtun way of life — common in parts of Afghanistan.
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Dostum accused a small Pashtun coterie around the president, including National Security Adviser Hanif Atmar, intelligence chief Massoom Stanekzai and chief of staff Abdul Salam Rahimi, of controlling Ghani.
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The movement has changed dramatically from its founding by rural Pashtun religious zealots backed by Pakistan, when Taliban followers were educated largely in the madrassas of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
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Ishar arrives at the fort to discover a rag-tag bunch of soldiers who look anything but war-ready, unaware that the Pashtun tribesmen are planning a massive attack.
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He has mostly shed the playboy image and made public shows of devotion to Islam, building a large political following in northern Pakistan, especially with the conservative Pashtun population.
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While the Taliban, made up mainly of ethnic Pashtun Sunni Muslims, has not explicitly targeted Hazaras in the past, officials fear the violence could escalate into an ethnic battle.
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The Pashtun tribal belt along the Afghan border has long been home to Islamist militants who want to overthrow Pakistan's government and install their own brand of Islamic law.
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When Naqeebullah Mehsud, an ethnic Pashtun shopkeeper and aspiring model with a large social media following, was killed by the police in January, officials said he had militant ties.
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Manzoor Pashteen, leader of the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM), which has campaigned against military excesses during anti-terrorism operations, was arrested on Monday in the northwestern city of Peshawar.
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Gulalai Ismail's group, the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM), has clashed with the military, which has accused it of disloyalty and being funded by Pakistan's regional rivals Afghanistan and India.
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"So far seven women, with a child and an old man, have died of hunger," said Wali Mohammad, a resident of Sar-e Howz, an area of Pashtun Kot.
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"Though Khan already has strong Pashtun constituencies in his corner, he may well hope that this type of move will solidify the support of Pakistan's second-largest ethnic group."
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The Taliban will demand a share of political and economic power that will likely come at the expense of current power-holders, especially in Pashtun areas of the country.
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Pashtun inhabitants along the line take pride in asserting their autonomy and proudly assert that their Pashtunwali traditions and tribal codes of conduct supersede the Pakistani laws and courts.
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One of 13 children, Rafi is a Pashtun who grew up in a mud home close to the Afghan border, in an area notorious for tribal feuds and violent clashes.
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But many analysts have detailed how the military has nurtured Islamist militant groups as an instrument to suppress nationalist movements, in particular among the Pashtun minority, at home and abroad.
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The people of East Pakistan shared cultural and linguistic similarities with the bordering Indian states of West Bengal and Assam, rather than the Punjabi and Pashtun cultures of West Pakistan.
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PTM, which drew nearly 10,000 people to its Karachi rally on Sunday, was founded in January in protest against alleged extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detention and "disappearances" of young Pashtun men.
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This logic assumes that a strong and thriving Afghanistan would extend India's influence and encourage Pashtun populations living in Pakistan's border areas to push for borders to be officially redrawn.
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He did not want his government to become embroiled in bin Laden's global jihad, but the Pashtun code of honor demanded that he host the Al Qaeda leader with grace.
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Dawar, who went into hiding after the clash, surrendered to authorities after talks between the government and a traditional council of Pashtun elders, according to one of the elders involved.
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The danger of Pakistan's tactic of fighting terror with extrajudicial policing and unchecked violence lies in the Pashtun tenant of revenge — kill my brother, and I'm obliged to kill yours.
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Jamal Rasoully, whose parents fled Afghanistan about 30 years ago and opened a restaurant in New York, said that they made such a sauce based on an old Pashtun recipe.
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Others pointed fingers at Pakistan's meddlesome military, which may benefit from Khan, a Pashtun Prime Minister, if elected, who could quell any residual Taliban rebellions and orchestrate post-conflict peace.
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America's direct role in talks with the Taliban, which is composed largely of ethnic Pashtuns, could also reassure non-Pashtun Afghan parties that their interests will be protected in negotiations.
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If that is the mission, how would we know when the Taliban had been defeated, or just melted back into Pashtun-majority areas or the caves of the Hindu-Kush?
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An ethnic Pashtun former intelligence officer in the communist government who lost a leg fighting the anti-Soviet Mujahideen in the 1980s, Atmar is also well-liked by Western officials.
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The Pashtun Tahafuz Movement, as the campaign is known, has challenged the authorities over abuses, and accused the Pakistani military, especially, of human rights violations, mass killings and extrajudicial abductions.
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"A few individuals are trying to incite Pashtun youth in a post-conflict environment, exploiting the ethnic/linguistic angle," the military's spokesman, Major General Asif Ghafoor, told Reuters in a statement.
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The case has added fuel to ethnically colored tensions, with many among the Persian-speaking Tajiks and Hazaras accusing the government of favoring Ghani's Pashtun community, traditionally Afghanistan's strongest ethnic group.
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Police said the bomber had intended to enter the court in the northwestern town of Shabqadar, near the Mohmand ethnic Pashtun region, and set off his explosives when guards challenged him.
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Anwar told Reuters he had done nothing wrong and said the investigation into his officers' actions could allow the Taliban to regain a foothold in ethnic Pashtun parts of the city.
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Khan, who has sought to shed the playboy reputation of his younger years, has built a large political following in the northern parts of Pakistan, especially with the conservative Pashtun population.
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Pakistan uses an iron fist against those that attack or merely criticize the state, from the Pakistani Taliban (TTP) to the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement, which demands more rights for ethnic Pashtuns.
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Their Pashtun society considers it the duty of brothers to marry their brothers' widows — and leaves those widows with little choice but to obey, or lose their children and their homes.
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Communities in ethnic Pashtun rural areas where the Taliban hold sway could suffer from the loss of access to health support in their villages as a result of past militant action.
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His daughter, 32-year-old Gulalai Ismail, is a prominent member of a group campaigning for the rights of the ethnic Pashtun minority, and is a vocal critic of Pakistan's military.
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The PTM has since staged a number of protests criticizing the powerful military and its actions in majority ethnic Pashtun areas bordering Afghanistan, often attracting swarms of supporters in Pakistan's larger cities.
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The Afghan Taliban are also predominately Pashtun, and have for years operated along the border, but the Islamists have been used by the Pakistani military in pursuit of its objectives in Afghanistan.
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PTM blames the Pakistani military and other state organs for what it says are forced disappearances resulting in thousands of unresolved missing persons cases, primarily from the ethnic Pashtun region bordering Afghanistan.
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In the civil war that followed the withdrawal of Soviet troops in 1989, Pashtun forces swept in from the south, towards the capital Kabul, and pushed the Tajiks back to the north.
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Some of the time he lived in a southern neighborhood of Quetta, Pakistan, in an enclave where he and other Taliban leaders from the same Pashtun tribe, the Ishaqzai, had built homes.
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George W. Bush, on the other hand, was impressed with how swiftly the largely Pashtun Taliban had been toppled, thanks to an alliance with its rivals in the Tajik-dominated Northern Alliance.
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"Sacking his chief of protocol is not enough," said Naqibullah Hakimi, an influential elder from the Popalzai tribe, one of the biggest and most powerful of the Pashtun tribes of southern Afghanistan.
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The secular party, drawn chiefly from the Pashtun ethnic group that also provides the Taliban with many recruits, has long competed with it and other Islamist groups in Pakistan's northwestern region bordering Afghanistan.
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The military denies a crackdown against the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM), which campaigns against alleged extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances of Pashtuns and other ethnic minorities, but says it is acting against lawbreakers.
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PTM, which was founded to protest against the death of a Pashtun man killed by police in the southern port of Karachi, regularly draws thousands of protesters to its demonstrations against state violence.
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Both groups share a broadly common conservative Islamic philosophy and, to a significant degree, their fighters in Afghanistan and Pakistan are drawn from the same Pashtun ethnic group, with similarly strong cultural beliefs.
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Pakistan (CNN)Manzoor Ahmed Pashteen, a 0003-year-old ethnic Pashtun, was just a child when the US-led war on terror began, and it wasn't long until it was on his doorstep.
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In the absence of strong political parties, presidential hopes in Afghanistan live or die on an array of scattershot coalitions, each usually with a member of the Pashtun ethnic majority as its leader.
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"Certainly, this kind of organized struggle for Pashtun rights, reforms and resources has not been seen in years and years," said Rahimullah Yusufzai, the Peshawar-based editor of The News, a Pakistani newspaper.
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Their recruitment had echoes of how Pakistan — the other major host of the Afghan refugee population — recruited the Sunni Pashtun Afghan refugees and their children to form the Taliban in the mid-1990s.
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Residents of Pashtun Kot district in the centre of the province say they have been unable to feed their children properly for weeks because of Taliban blockades of roads leading into the district.
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In January, Anwar told Reuters he had done nothing wrong, saying the investigation into his officers' actions could allow the Pakistani Taliban militants to regain a foothold in ethnic Pashtun parts of Karachi.
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China is also worried about the spread of Islamist militancy from lawless ethnic Pashtun lands along Pakistan's border with Afghanistan, in particular the danger of members of its Uighur Muslim minority being radicalized there.
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The army's anti-militant offensive also reached deep into the southern port city of Karachi, where paramilitary Rangers have killed several Taliban commanders who had been hiding in the city's sprawling ethnic Pashtun slums.
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Hundreds of demonstrators took part in the rally, called after Ghani's government rejected requests to provide state honors for the remains of Kalakani, the lone Tajik exception in a long line of Pashtun monarchs.
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Caught off guard Wednesday was the 28th anniversary of the death of the man the university is named after, Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a 1920s Pashtun independence activist and pacifist also known as Bacha Khan.
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This year, medical charity Medecins Sans Frontieres was ordered to stop work at three facilities in violence-plagued ethnic Pashtun areas bordering Afghanistan, although the interior ministry lists the group as an approved INGO.
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It caught spark after the killing of a small group of Pashtun men, including an aspiring model named Naqeebullah Mehsud who was originally from the tribal areas, by police officers in Karachi in January.
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Northwestern Pakistan's ethnic Pashtun lands are awash with weapons and the area remains the most volatile region in the country despite the military's success in driving out many al Qaeda and Pakistani Taliban militants.
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A series of military operations in the Pashtun lands along the Afghan border - the latest of which was launched in 2014 - have reduced the militants' ability to hit major targets regularly, but attacks have continued.
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In a separate case, Ammar Ali Jan, an academic also based in Lahore, was arrested over his involvement in a protest at the death of Arman Loni, a regional leader of the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement.
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But the effort was haunted by accusations of extrajudicial killings, as it began looking as much like an indiscriminate crackdown on ethnic Pashtun communities as a targeted campaign against the militants who sheltered among them.
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The video had a Pashtun wedding song popular in Afghanistan playing in the background, but F.B.I. investigators concluded that it was so artfully staged that it was probably made by a state-sponsored intelligence group.
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Throughout its struggle, the P.T.M. has accused the security forces of oppressing the country's Pashtun minority by waging communal justice against noncombatants in areas where militant groups operate, and by staging extrajudicial killings or kidnappings.
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Since Mehsud's killing, the issue of "police encounters", a euphemism for extra-judicial killings, has gained media coverage amid growing anger from the Pashtun community, which says its young men are unfairly and disproportionately targeted.
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The Western-educated Ghani, a 70-year-old from the majority Pashtun community, has spent much of his life outside the country, specializing in the study of failed states and working at the World Bank.
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KABUL (Reuters) - Divisions at the top of Afghanistan's government deepened on Tuesday after President Ashraf Ghani was forced to reject accusations by his own vice president that he was favoring members of his Pashtun ethnic group.
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Ahmad and his family are Pashtun, and when the six of them moved to Kabul from their home village in Kandahar a few years ago, they chose to live in a gated community with other Pashtuns.
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Despite the Taliban's former suspicion of organized sports and their opposition to much of the transformation in Afghanistan since their hardline Islamic regime was toppled in 2001, many of the mainly Pashtun movement's fighters are fans.
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At a stroke, the move assigned the region's five million residents — the vast majority of them from the ethnic Pashtun minority — the same constitutional rights as other Pakistanis, including access to the national civilian justice system.
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"The experience of the last few days has exposed the oppressive control of the army in total violation of the laws and the Constitution," said Afrasiab Khattak, a former senator and a campaigner for Pashtun rights.
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Though the demonstration drew tens of thousands of Pashtun marchers from all over the country, its coverage on local television news media was next to absent, and only a smattering of Pakistani newspapers covered the event.
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ISIS , which seeks to create a global Islamic caliphate, does not recognize the existence of Afghanistan as a sovereign country, and accuses the Taliban of practicing a lax interpretation of Islam that accommodates heretical Pashtun customs.
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Khan is an ethnic Pashtun, a people living mostly in Pakistan and Afghanistan who sometimes have light skin and eyes, a testament to the region's history as a cultural crossroads of trade, conquering armies and colonialism.
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Despite the massive US effort, the indefatigable Taliban ideology that once provided refuge for al Qaeda leaders flourishes in the region, never seeming to run out of Pashtun tribespeople willing to fight and die for it.
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"A car with men in plainclothes pulled up in front of us and men with guns got out and told us to stand still," Said Alam Mahsud, an organizer with the Pashtun Tahafaz Movement (PTM), told Reuters.
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The gunmen attacked as the university prepared to host a poetry recital on Wednesday afternoon to commemorate the death anniversary of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a popular ethnic Pashtun independence activist after whom the university is named.
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The latest flashpoint came last month in North Waziristan, a majority Pashtun region on the Afghan border where the Pakistani Taliban controlled swathes of territory until they were pushed out by military operations in 2009 and 2014.
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The name comes from the heroine of a Pashtun folk tale and was the pseudonym Malala first wrote under when, at age 12, she started writing a BBC diary about her experience with girls' education in Pakistan.
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The group, which was founded a year ago to protest against the death of a Pashtun man killed by police in the southern port of Karachi, regularly draws thousands of protesters to its demonstrations against state violence.
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KARACHI (Reuters) - Nationwide protests at the police killing of a young ethnic Pashtun man in Pakistan's largest city have shone a spotlight on allegations of persecution by the authorities against refugees from the country's conflict-ridden northwest.
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By 2013, Mr. Mehsud had risen up the Taliban ranks to oversee Karachi, where he waged a bloody campaign of extortion and kidnapping against Pashtun traders and affluent residents, money that funded the militants' activities across Pakistan.
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Interviews with editors and reporters at several outlets detailed pressure to avoid covering the Pashtun movement as an unmistakable sign that both the demonstrators and the press are facing a new level of threat from the military.
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Even if we could kill every insurgent tomorrow, they would return, as long as they can draw on the religious fanaticism of the madrasas, the ethnic ambitions of the Pashtun, and the profits of the heroin trade.
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Wafa, and DJs like him, fought a psychological war against the Taliban inside Pashtun heads — a positive glimmer in a war for the hearts and minds of Afghanistan, which, until that point, had not been going well.
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The two lawmakers, Ali Wazir and Mohsin Dawar, along with several activists of the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM), were arrested after a deadly clash between troops and activists at a security post in northern Pakistan in May.
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In April, a week before PTM was due to stage a rally in Lahore, Habib University in Karachi and the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) called off talks related to Pashtun rights organized by students and academics.
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"They supported (TTP), extending financial assistance and they also gave targets, and for each attack (TTP) charged a price," Ehsan said in the video, which shows him wearing a traditional shalwar kamiz outfit with a Pashtun flat cap.
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But he has frequently clashed with Ghani, a Pashtun from eastern Afghanistan, and fell foul of Western diplomats who pressed the government to show that even highly placed politicians were not immune from punishment in cases of abuse.
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In addition to his experience advising or working for four U.S. administrations and his knowledge of Afghanistan's main languages, culture and politics, he is from the ethnic Pashtun majority and is close to Ghani, the former official said.
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KARACHI (Reuters) - A Pakistani ethnic Pashtun rights group on Sunday staged its first rally in the southern city of Karachi, the site of a killing in January that sparked the movement and led to nationwide protests and rallies.
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While it remains to be seen how he will deal with Trump, Khan -- an ethnic Pashtun -- may be able to play a role in improving relations with Afghanistan, said journalist Rafia Zakaria from the independent Pakistan newspaper Dawn.
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In the 1980s, Islamabad's desire to sponsor Islamist proxies in Kabul to counter Pashtun nationalism overlapped with Washington's desire to defeat the Soviets, as the two partnered to arm the anti-Soviet mujahideen during the Soviet-Afghan War.
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An organizer for the Progressive Youth Alliance said seven members were abducted after staging a pro-Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM) rally in Karachi on Sunday, and another four were picked up on Tuesday after another demonstration, also in Karachi.
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Fighting between the Taliban, a mainly ethnic Pashtun Sunni Muslim movement, and a militia led by Hakim Shujayee, a local Hazara commander accused of abuses against Pashtuns, broke out in Uruzgan, a neighboring province to Ghazni in early November.
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The university attacked by the Pakistani Taliban on Wednesday was named for a towering figure in Pakistani history — a nonviolent Pashtun activist who became known as the "Frontier Gandhi" for his advocacy of nonviolent resistance to British colonial rule.
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But a final agreement has been held up with many on the government side suspicious of bringing the prominent Pashtun warlord into the political fold and civil rights activists concerned about longstanding accusations of human rights abuses against him.
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Arman Loni died on Saturday after police tried to break up a four-day demonstration in the city of Loralai by the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM), which stages demonstrations nationwide against violence and disappearances carried out by the state.
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Birth of a movement What started off as a conversation among students leaders at Gomal University in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtukhua (KP) province in 2014, quickly became its own organization, the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) -- "tahafuz" means protection in Urdu.
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All three are veterans of decades of conflict in Afghanistan and bitter former rivals but for the moment they have set aside their rivalry to band together against what they see as Ghani's favoritism for his own Pashtun group.
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KABUL (Reuters) - A leaked memo from an staff member in Afghan President Ashraf Ghani's office this week has set off a storm of criticism and accusations that the note lays bare systematic favoritism to Ghani's own Pashtun ethnic group.
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On the day of the attack it was hosting an additional 600 visitors on Wednesday for a poetry recital to remember Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a popular ethnic Pashtun independence activist and leader after whom the university was named.
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The Taliban have also been allowed to raise millions more by extorting "taxes" by pressing hundreds of thousands of Pashtun guest workers in the kingdom and menacing their families back home, said Vali Nasr, a former State Department adviser.
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United States and foreign officials said that the talks had reached an advanced stage and, until Saturday night, that an agreement with the Pashtun insurgent group that once harbored the Qaeda mastermind Osama bin Laden was close at hand.
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It emerged last year after the killing of an ethnic Pashtun man by police in the southern city of Karachi, which led to nationwide protests and turned the issue of alleged state violence against Pashtuns into a national debate.
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The nearly 40-year war in Afghanistan has produced its own idea of the "tribal" in Pakistan's Tribal Areas — one that took the British colonial emphasis on "Pashtun" militancy and layered on top the American enemy, the Afghan Taliban.
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In an interview on Thursday, Faiz ur-Rehman, a Pashtun trader in the city, spoke of his gratitude after a Taliban commander who used to extort $950 in protection money from him every month was killed in a security raid.
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China has long urged Pakistan to weed out what it says are militants from Xinjiang, who are holed up in lawless ethnic Pashtun lands on the Pakistan-Afghan border, home to a mix of groups, including the Taliban and al Qaeda.
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It also echoed some of the tensions around the government led by President Ashraf Ghani, which was formed after the disputed 2014 election and which is seen by many Persian-speaking Tajiks and Hazaras as favoring his own Pashtun ethnicity.
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But many Afghan Persian speakers say their language is the same as the one spoken in Iran and Tajikistan and say the name Dari was favoured by past Pashtun leaders as a means of distancing Afghanistan from the Persian cultural sphere.
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In a rare development, women from the ethnic Pashtun-dominated region began protesting alongside men in the provincial capital Lashkar Gah on Tuesday, saying that they would later march to a Taliban-controlled district to demand an end to the war.
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The line demarcates the point where, in 1947, Indian forces repelled invading Pashtun tribal fighters that Pakistan drew from its border area with Afghanistan — the beginning of a longstanding Pakistani strategy to use militant proxies to weaken its neighboring rivals.
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It is not clear if Afridi would change tack if he were to be confirmed as JuA leader, but there are concerns within the group about his power base among the ethnic Pashtun tribes who live along the Afghan border.
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The organization was officially founded in 2007 by a prominent jihadist commander, Baitullah Mehsud, and for years it and allied groups like Al Qaeda have been based in the Pashtun tribal areas in northwestern Pakistan, particularly in North and South Waziristan.
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Imran Khan, who once boasted of his Pashtun origins, took office as the new prime minister of Pakistan in August, but his government has chosen to do little to change the state's attitude toward our demands for justice and civil rights.
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KARACHI (Reuters) - As they were about to enter the office of the Commissioner of Karachi for a meeting to discuss a rally planned in Pakistan's largest city, leaders of a Pashtun-led rights movement were intercepted by armed men accompanied by paramilitary Rangers.
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Bavarian Interior Minister Joachim Herrmann told reporters that the 1503-year-old Afghan asylum seeker, who shouted "Allahu akbar" as he attacked people on a train Monday night in southern Germany, had written notes in Pashtun that indicated he may have self-radicalised.
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But China has also long urged Pakistan to weed out what it says are militants from Xinjiang, who are holed up in lawless ethnic Pashtun lands on the Pakistan-Afghan border, home to a mix of groups, including the Taliban and al Qaeda.
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The PTM emerged last year after the killing of an ethnic Pashtun man by police in the southern city of Karachi, which led to a series of nationwide protests and turned the issue of alleged state violence against Pashtuns into a national debate.
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Pakistan plans to fence up most of the 2,500 km (1,500 mile) frontier despite Kabul's protests that the barrier would divide families and friends along the Pashtun tribal belt straddling the colonial-era Durand Line drawn up by the British in 1893.
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Police data from 2011 reviewed by Reuters shows that in the seven years Anwar has been in charge of Karachi's Malir district, which has a large Pashtun population, at least 450 people have been killed in 200 clashes with police that involved weapons.
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Another new senior Homeland Security official, the retired Navy officer Frank Wuco, had made a career of lecturing to the military about the jihadi mind-set, often while role-playing as a member of the Taliban in a Pashtun hat and kaffiyeh.
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Pashtun parliamentarian Mohsin Dawar, whose party accuses the military of heavy-handed tactics in its anti-militant operations, termed the legislation allowing the extension of Chief of Army Staff General Qamar Javed Bajwa's term "one of the darkest days" in Pakistan's parliamentary history.
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Local newspaper Dawn reported that students inside the university's grounds had been gathering for a poetry recital to commemorate the anniversary of the death of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a popular ethnic Pashtun independence activist and leader after whom the university is named.
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More recently, the ISI has been accused of muzzling the press, trying to skew last year's elections, and intensifying a crackdown against human rights groups, including the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM), an ethnic rights movement that the military accuses of being funded by neighboring countries.
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China has long urged Pakistan to weed out what it says are militants from its far western region of Xinjiang who have holed up in lawless ethnic Pashtun areas on Pakistan's Afghan border, home to a mix of groups, including the Taliban and al Qaeda.
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" Sam Zarifi, the Asia director of the International Commission of Jurists, said in a statement, "This attack targeted mostly lawyers and intellectuals (many of them from the Pashtun community) who had gathered at the hospital to mourn the loss of one of their own.
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Now, the Pakistani Army has turned its sights on ending one of the last unbending sources of dissent to its power, an ethnic Pashtun rights protest movement known as P.T.M. that has called the Pakistani security forces to account for extrajudicial killings and other injustices.
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Much of Karachi's Pashtun population migrated from the country's tribal belt, along Pakistan's border with Afghanistan, after heavy clashes between the state and the Pakistani Taliban, known as the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan or T.T.P. The fighting left their home provinces all but razed.
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A new civil rights movement in Pakistan is galvanizing a rapidly growing following among the country's ethnic Pashtun minority by doing the nearly unthinkable: openly accusing the powerful and popular Pakistani military establishment of being "oppressors" who kill or whisk away Pashtuns by the thousands.
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Interviews with newspaper editors and writers — many of whom spoke on condition of anonymity out of fear of the military's reaction — portrayed an atmosphere in which reporting on the Pashtun movement was widely being seen as a red line for the country's security establishment.
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Some 3,000 students were enrolled at the university, many living on campus, while hundreds of visitors had arrived to hear a poetry recital to commemorate the life of local Pashtun nationalist hero and pacifist Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, after whom the university is named.
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They have dug them for all kinds of people: four members of a family who died in an avalanche; two brothers who drowned on their way to Europe; a 35-year-old Pashtun man named Gul Ahmad who died in an American military bombing.
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Mohsin Dawar and Ali Wazir, parliamentarians for the volatile Waziristan region bordering Afghanistan, were among the founders of the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM) civil rights group that has been a thorn in the side of the military with frequent sit-ins and rallies denouncing alleged military abuses.
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The PTM has said several thousand such killings have been carried out since Pakistan joined the U.S.-led war on terror and launched major military operations in 2009 and 2014 targeting Pakistani Taliban strongholds in the Pashtun majority Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) areas bordering Afghanistan.
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Recently, it has also become a focus for opposition to the government and the military from ethnic Pashtuns in the Pashtun Tahaffuz Movement (PTM), a civil rights movement viewed with extreme suspicion by the army and security services who see it as a threat to national unity.
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But at the same time, stark evidence of military pressure on the news media, the PML-N and an ethnic Pashtun rights and political movement has led rights advocates and others to describe the campaign season as more of a soft military coup than a democratic election.
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The fall of Ghazni, if it happens, would be the Taliban's most important victory yet, as the city is on the main north-south highway, and its capture would effectively cut off the capital, Kabul, and the north from the insurgents' Pashtun homeland in the south.
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"Thousands of young Pashtun boys have disappeared in the last decade and a half, picked up from their homes and universities and streets in the name of curbing militancy," said Farhad Ali, the 24-year-old vice chairman of the Fata Youth Jirga, one of the organizations leading the Islamabad protests.
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TAJIKISTAN AFGHANISTAN KHYBER- PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE Kabul Peshawar Islamabad NORTH WAZIRISTAN PAKISTAN 100 MILES By The New York Times Manzoor Pashteen, the leader of the Pashtun civil rights movement, known as the P.T.M., said that the recent campaign by the security forces had made a lie of last year's abolition of the old colonial justice code.
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Ms. Bukhari has frequently crossed two of the military's recent red lines on social media — criticizing the army for its pressure on the PML-N, as the governing party is known, and expressing support for a growing Pashtun human rights movement known as P.T.M. Just a day before, the army's chief spokesman, Maj. Gen.
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At a news conference on Monday at his personal palace in northern Afghanistan, General Dostum accused President Ashraf Ghani and the government's chief executive, Abdullah Abdullah, of favoring the ethnic groups they are identified with — Mr. Ghani is Pashtun, and Mr. Abdullah is a leader of Tajik political groups — and using their power to suppress other ethnicities.
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Why it matters: Pakistan's partnership with the U.S. in fighting terrorism has incurred severe domestic costs, especially for Pakistani Pashtuns, straining its already-fraught relationships with both Pashtun-majority Afghanistan and the U.S. The background: Since 2008, Pakistan has been waging two wars simultaneously: a war in Afghanistan with U.S. and allied forces, and a domestic counterinsurgency campaign.
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