The wings are buffy brown, the forewings with fine, fuscous markings. There is a faint wavy, inbent antemedial line and a small point in the cell, as well as a fine oblique bar on the discocellular. The postmedial line is punctiform, slightly outbent from below the costa, outcurved from vein 5 to near vein 2, inbent and slightly outcurved to the inner margin. The terminal half of the cilia greyish.
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The wings are buffy brown with fine, black lines. There is a fine pale line at the base of the cilia which are concolorous with the wing. The forewings have an antemedial line which is hardly perceptible, slightly outcurved from the subcostal area. There is also an oblique line on the discocellular, and a postmedial line which is gently outcurved, macular from the costa to vein 2, angled and slightly inbent to the inner margin.
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The hindwings have a medial punctiform line, well outcurved from vein 5 to vein 2. The area below the cell to the inner margin and to near the termen has rather long hairs.
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Klismos chair, on the stele of Xanthippos, Athens, ca. 430-20 BCE. A klismos (Greek: κλισμός) or klismos chair is a type of ancient Greek chair, with curved backrest and tapering, outcurved legs.
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The wings are wood brown with fine, darker brown lines. The forewings have a sinuous antemedial line from the median to the inner margin, a point in the cell and a short streak on the discocellular. The postmedial line is inbent from the costa, bluntly outcurved from below vein 5 to vein 2, retracted toward the end of the cell, angled and sinuous to the inner margin. The hindwings have the postmedial line bluntly outcurved between veins 5 and 2.
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The epithet porrecta refers to the prolonged, outcurved beak on the perigynia, a distinctive feature of the species. Carex porrecta is an herb spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Stems are triagonal in cross-section, up to 125 cm tall. Leaves are mostly basal, up to 60 cm long.
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The caterpillar is dark green with irregular rows of yellow tubercles. The caterpillar is cylindrical and may have a round white blotch on the seventh segment. The head is outcurved and has horns and spines. The pupa is short, dark green and it has a lateral longitudinal line which is marbled white.
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The wings are white with terminal fuscous-black points. The lines are fine and buffy brown. The forewing costal margin is suffused with buffy brown and there is an outcurved antemedial line followed by a broken ocellus in the cell at the subcosta. There is a line on the discocellular of the hindwings.
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It is followed by two dark-grey outcurved strongly lunulate- dentate lines. The subterminal line is pale, lunulate and followed by dark lunulate marks and met by a strong black streak from the apex. There is also a fine black terminal festoon. The hindwings are fuscous brown, but darker along the termen.
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The wings are grey brown and rather thinly scaled and with fine fuscous brown lines. There is an indistinct subbasal line on the forewings, as well as a slightly outcurved, deeply wavy antemedial line and a faint whitish discocellular line, with dark edging. The postmedial line is wavy. The hindwings have a dark line on discocellular.
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The ovary is 3, rarely from 2.5 mm to 4.5 mm long, and 2-2.5 mm wide and more or less narrowly ovoid. The five styles are 5–7 mm long, erect, outcurved below the apex; the stigmas are small. The capsule is 8–10 mm long and 5–7 mm wide, broadly ovoid, shorter than the sepals. The seeds are c.
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The wings are thinly scaled brownish grey with dull dark brown lines. The antemedial line on the forewings is slightly outcurved and there is a dark line on the discocellular not reaching the lower angle of the cell. There is a dentate postmedial line from the subcostal. The hindwings are more thinly scaled at the base and there is a dark line on the discocellular.
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Flowers 30-50 mm in diam., stellate; buds ovoid, acute to > subapiculate. Sepals (5-)6-9(-11) x 3-4(-6) mm, free, imbricate, subequal, ± > outcurved in bud and fruit, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, acute or > acuminate, with margin subentire or minutely and ± irregularly denticulate > (especially towards apex); midrib ± conspicuous, veins not prominent; > laminar glands linear or interrupted, c. 8. Petals deep yellow, sometimes > tinged red, spreading or reflexed, 16-25 x 10-15 mm, 2.5-3 x sepals, > obovate, with apiculus lateral, subacute to obtuse, margin entire or often > minutely glandular-denticulate especially around apiculus. Stamen fascicles > each with 40-65 stamens, longest (10)15-18 mm, long, 0.75-0.85 x petals; > anthers yellow to orange-yellow. Ovary 5-7 x 3.5-4.5 mm, ± narrowly ovoid- > conic; styles (3-)4-6(-8) mm, long, equalling to slightly longer than ovary, > free, suberect, outcurved near apex; stigmas truncate to narrowly > subcapitate.
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The wingspan is 27–30 mm. The length of the forewings is 14–16 mm. Forewing with outcurved termen.Forewing olive grey-brown; inner and outer lines outwards directed, the inner straight, the outer slightly curved, pale yellow; the costal edge also yellow; the median shade obscure; the submarginal line faint, with a dark shade before it; the stigmata with pale margins; hindwing dark grey, with the fringe pale; the ab.
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There is also a large rounded white patch at the apex and a smaller one at the middle of the costa and a flattened one at the anal angle. The inner line is outcurved at the middle and the outer line is double, followed on the costa by two short white strigae. The stigmata is pale, with dark outlines and the orbicular is dotlike. The reniform is oblong and vertical.
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The wingspan is . Forewing cream white, slightly tinged with pale brown in basal half and in terminal area; median shade diffuse, slightly outcurved, followed immediately by a black dot representing the reniform stigma; just beyond it on the costa an oblique purplish bar to vein 6 represents the outer line; submarginal line whitish, sharply indented on each fold and outcurved between, the interval between the two lines filled with purple except at costa beyond median line; the interspaces between the veins often streaked with deeper purple; a purple spot at apex with a blackish speck in it below; a purplish streak from base below cell; terminal line brown inwardly edged with white; fringe white, brownish in middle; hindwing brownish grey, darker along termen; terminal line dark; fringe white; in examples from Algeria and Morocco, besides the purplish tint between the two lines, the whole forewing, except partially along costa, is suffused with olive grey brown, = ab. suffusa ab. nov. [Warren]; —in aestivalis Guen.
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The forewings are grey, the costal margin with black spots and with an outcurved antemedial line, as well as a black spot on the discocellular. There is a postmedial, almost subterminal white line edged on either side with black, as well as an interrupted terminal black line. The hindwings are grey with a black spot on the discocellular and a postmedial line as on the forewings and a wavy marginal black line.
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B. obesalis Tr. Ground colour light ochreous, not white or grey; the inner line becomes obscure below median; the outer is vertically outcurved from subcostal to median vein with two smaller curves below.Larva grass green with yellow segmental incisions; dorsum grey; lateral lines slender, white; spiracles orange.Warren. W. in Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914The wingspan is ca.
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The wings are greyish white, the forewings with an oblique, slightly outcurved black line from the middle of the hindmargin to the costa near the apex, broader at the hind margin, thickened at the veins and broken into spots at the apex. There are also many black scales on the median and submedian veins between the base and the transverse line. The hindwings have a slightly curved series of black spots beyond the middle.Aurivillius, C. 1904c.
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Klismos chair, with curved backrest and tapering, outcurved legs, on the stele of Xanthippos, Athens, ca. 430-20 BCE alt= The earliest known form of Greek chair dates back to six or seven centuries BCE. On the frieze of the Parthenon, Zeus occupies a square seat with a bar-back and thick turned legs; it is ornamented with winged sphinxes and the feet of beasts. The characteristic Roman chairs were of marble, also adorned with sphinxes.
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The forewings are pale ochreous, thinly scaled, somewhat opalescent. There are small darker subbasal points on the median and vein 1 and a faint, fine, antemedial dark line outangled in the cell, deeply incurved below the cell, and outangled on vein 1. There are two dark points at the ends of the discocellular and the postmedial line is fine, dentate, well outcurved beyond the cell and preceded by a similar less distinct line. The termen is faintly tinged with brown and there are terminal dark points on the interspaces.
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The forewings are fawn colour, but the costal edge is yellowish from the base to the middle. The lines are ferruginous, starting from dark brown costal spots. The first at one-fourth, oblique outwards, angled on the subcostal, then straight and vertical or slightly oblique to the inner margin beyond one-third. The second line from the costa at the middle, runs outward along the subcostal vein for two-thirds of the distance to the apex, then sharply angulated, incurved opposite the cell and outcurved below it, reaching the inner margin straight at four-fifths.
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The wingspan is about 27-31.6 mm for males and 33.6-36.8 mm for females. The forewings are dull yellow with obscure markings. There is a rufous spot on the upper vertical arm of the discocellular, and a white rufous-edged spot at the lower angle of the cell, as well as a rufous curved line near the base, plainest on the inner margin. There is also a rufous outer line from the centre of costa to middle of the inner margin, strongly outcurved and thickened opposite the cell, then oblique inwards.
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O. algira L. (= achatina Sulz., triangularis Hbn) Forewing brownish fuscous, with a purplish tinge when fresh; a whitish median band narrowed in middle, edged inwardly by the erect but slightly outcurved inner line, outwardly by the similarly incurved median line: outer line acutely angled outwards on vein 6 and bluntly bent between veins 3 and 4. then sinuous to inner margin near median line; a black apical streak of two spots; the terminal area violet grey: hindwing fuscous, with a diffuse whitish median band: the terminal area grey at middle: fringe grey, below apex whitish; the ab. mandschuriana Stgr.
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The inner line is fine and black, found at one-third, curved and bent on the submedian fold. It is preceded by two dark lines at the costa, which become divergent and double towards the inner margin, more or less filled in with dark, forming a band. There is also a black spot near the base of the submedian fold, followed by a tuft of pale scales. The outer line is fine and black, with another parallel close beyond it, outcurved above, bent inwards at vein 4, and indented on the submedian fold, where it approaches the inner line.
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The wings are hair brown, the forewings with fuscous black lines, the antemedial line is slightly outbent from the subcostal, more heavily marked on the veins. There is a spot on discocellular and a thick postmedial line, vertical from the costa to below vein 6, bluntly outcurved and coarsely dentate to vein 2, retracted toward the cell and vertical to the inner margin, outwardly defined by faint paler shading. There is also a fine pale line at the base of the cilia, followed by a blackish shade, the tips glossy hair brown. The hindwings have a fuscous black postmedial line, outwardly well edged with pinkish buff, but less so at the projecting dentate line between veins 2 and 5.
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Moulded Mithras slaying the bull, from Lavinium near Rome, 400 ± 50 From about the 4th century, competent copies of the fabric and forms were also made in several other regions, including Asia Minor, the eastern Mediterranean and Egypt. Over the long period of production, there was obviously much change and evolution in both forms and fabrics. Both Italian and Gaulish plain forms influenced ARS in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD (for example, Hayes Form 2, the cup or dish with an outcurved rim decorated with barbotine leaves, is a direct copy of the samian forms Dr.35 and 36, made in South and Central Gaul),Hayes 1972, p. 19–20. but over time a distinctive ARS repertoire developed.
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S. revayana Scop. Forewing ashy grey, dusted with darker, especially in costal half of median area; lines darker, double, but indistinct;the inner outcurved above and below middle, and angled outwards below vein 1; the outer irregularly waved and strongly indented on submedian fold ; some faint dark spots indicate the submarginal line ; hindwing pale greyish fuscous; — in the ab. fusculana Schmid the ground colour is dull dark brownish fuscous, with the black lines visible and a ferruginous spot representing the reniform stigma; from the middle of base an oblique black streak runs to lower end of the inner line ; the submarginal spots are visible, and a row of small black marginal lunules; — ab. dilutana Hbn.
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O. pastinum Tr. (= lusoria Hbn. nec L.) . Forewing pale luteous grey covered with dark vermiculations; the costa and terminal area brownish grey; inner line outwardly curved, greyish brown, often obscure; outer line dark edged with pale, outcurved above, indented on submedian fold, followed by a diffuse dark shade; the subterminal line hardly distinct; orbicular stigma a black dot; reniform a black lunule, its lower end produced outwards and followed by two black points; hindwing pale brownish grey, with an indistinct outer pale line; the form astragali Rmb., from Spain, is more densely covered with dark striae on the forewing, of which the terminal spots are hardly visible; on the other hand, dilutior Stgr.
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The inner line is white, fine and mixed with olive above the middle, projecting and twice bent below, broadly white, then inbent, dentate inwards on vein 1 and above the inner margin, preceded below the median by dark suffusion. The outer line is outcurved, lunulate-dentate, marked with white from the costa to vein 6 and again from vein 2 to the inner margin, where it is followed by a black triangular mark. From the costa to vein 4 it is followed by a pale olive curved band with a darker centre. The median area, except on the inner margin below vein 1, is suffused with dark fuscous, the dark waved cross lines alternated with olive lines.
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The forewings are fawn coloured, shaded on each side of the narrow central area and along the inner margin in the basal half with dull chestnut brown. There is an oblique black streak near the base on the submedian fold. The inner line just before the middle is black, slightly curved, and indented on each fold, preceded by two curved brown shades, the inner strongly outcurved at the middle. The median fascia is extremely narrow, towards the inner margin whitish and the outer line is blackish, slender, crenulate and slightly projecting on vein 4, followed by two thick brown shades with deeper centres, and then by a black lunulate- dentate line, angled above vein 5.
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There is a blackish spot at the base on the submedian fold. The inner line is black, before one-third, evenly outcurved and sinuate on vein 1, preceded by two indistinct dark parallel lines. The basal area is limited by a thicker curved wavy line and the outer line is black, concave outwards from the costa to vein 4, on which it is bent, then oblique inwards to the submedian fold, and vertically sinuous to the inner margin, followed immediately by a dark parallel line and at a distance by a dark wavy line. The subterminal line is pale grey between blackish shades, met by a curved black streak from the apex and there is a black terminal festoon.
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The centres of production were in the Roman provinces of Africa Proconsularis, Byzacena and Numidia; that is, modern Tunisia and part of eastern Algeria. From about the 4th century AD, competent copies of the fabric and forms were also made in several other regions, including Asia Minor, the eastern Mediterranean and Egypt. Over the long period of production, there was obviously much change and evolution in both forms and fabrics. Both Italian and Gaulish plain forms influenced ARS in the 1st and 2nd centuries (for example, Hayes Form 2, the cup or dish with an outcurved rim decorated with barbotine leaves, is a direct copy of the samian forms Dr.35 and 36, made in South and Central Gaul),Hayes 1972, p. 19–20.
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The wingspan is 23–30 mm. Forewing violet grey, with a partial rosy-brown flush; the costa, cell, and median area dark fuscous, the costa often remaining pale; inner and outer lines dark, conversely edged with pale, the inner strongly outcurved below middle, closely approximated to the erect lower half of outer line; a black bar from line to line along submedian fold; claviform stigma obsolete, or minute; orbicular grey, with edge only black margined, the margin straight and forming nearly a straight line with the lower half of outer line; submarginal line pale grey, the shade before it red brown, the terminal area dark grey; hindwing greyish fuscous; in the ab. constricta ab. nov. [Warren] principally confined to the males, the median area between the two lines is narrowed and much darker, especially in the two folds, and the red flush is less developed; — the form subarcta Stgr.
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