NCI has made solid progress in optimising its portfolio mix.
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And, why Silicon Valley's latest obsession is optimising sleepy time.
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This machinery is of course well suited for optimising with modern technology.
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Today Russia is optimising its game in Syria because of our own errors.
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Optimising phenotypes by manipulating the environment is the task Caleb Harper has set himself.
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It said additional synergies were possible through managing capital expenditure and optimising working capital.
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The problem is that the government's chip programme is optimising for the wrong thing.
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Look, it's pretty niche, but we rather enjoy Jones' dedication to optimising jazz for 2017.
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The entity expects to continue optimising liquidity on the balance sheet according to regulatory requirements.
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Bank bosses maintain that they are "optimising" their branch networks to fit changing customer habits.
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Aldi Nord and Aldi Sued said in a joint statement they were continuously optimising cooperation.
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Other changes include optimising domestic reinsurance capacity and regulating tariffs for property and motor insurance.
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"What Markowitz did was to put it in the context of optimising for risk," he says.
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E-commerce Risks: Naspers has been implementing its strategy of "optimising returns" in its ecommerce segment.
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Demand kept coming from trading and portfolio companies who are optimising their positions in the Far East.
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"Every large online corporation (Facebook, Twitter, Amazon, eBay) is optimising you," Jonas Lund, an artist, has said.
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Analysts highlighted Garnier's extensive experience in optimising international scale in buying - a key tenet of Kingfisher's strategy.
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In practice, this ranges from managing subscriptions, optimising your day-to-day spending to finding better financial products.
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Gatwick plans to serve growing demand by optimising its existing runway and boosting use of its standby one.
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Volgograd is reviewing the list of social aid recipients, freezing wages and optimising the network of budgetary institutions.
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But nurture can also give a helping hand, for example by optimising what is fed to the animals.
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In addition, Glovo will continue to throw more engineers and technology at the problem of optimising on-demand delivery.
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"Some people keep optimising (LNG volumes in the Far East), but fresh demand remains low," an LNG trader said.
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He expected procurement, staff, optimising assets in Latin America and the distribution network to be the main sources of savings.
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The company said it was focussing on optimising price points and sizes across the key brands in its Africa portfolio.
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Improving Capital Structure: Guorui has been optimising its capital structure since 2014 by diversifying funding channels and lowering effective borrowing costs.
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Lastly, it is developing tools to help with routing and optimising capacity for the truckers and fleet managers using the Ontruck platform.
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Capital Efficiency Just like startups, startup investors must ensure they are optimising their burn rate and being as capital efficient as possible.
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Optimising your rail network and watching passengers shuttle about your city is an easygoing, meditative experience, providing a quiet sense of accomplishment.
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The group is in the midst of upgrading production processes at all sites, enhancing energy efficiency, optimising its purchasing processes and distribution arrangements.
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The product covers software that addresses areas optimising visits to stores, improving relationships with retailers, using Einstein insights for analytics and ordering software.
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Optimising algorithms for past behavior certainly drive digital metrics but it risks leading you straight into a fishbowl The chronological timeline is wonderful.
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This week a team led by researchers from Northeastern University in Boston presented work suggesting that Facebook's algorithms may discriminate inadvertently, by optimising engagement.
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Sberbank's press service said the bank was optimising costs and that the relocation of Sberbank CIB to its own building was a matter of time.
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"We have several avenues for growing our business, and by optimising our business, particularly our supply chain," Chief Executive Niels Frederiksen said in a statement.
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Major refineries are optimising run rates for petrochemical feedstock, while low oil prices, stimulus measures and recovering business activity are spurring demand, the analyst added.
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Major refineries are optimising run rates for petrochemical feedstock, while low oil prices, stimulus measures and recovering business activity are spurring demand, the analyst added.
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It's easy to get involved in "busy" work rather than optimising your time to do what needs to be done in the most effective way possible.
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I'm told that the capital will be used to develop the startup's B2B business model, which will include integration with call centers for "optimising communication" with customers.
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Rather than put my employer in a position where they would have to make her redundant, I'll hold back on optimising the workflow and implementing any automation.
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If you haven't played Persona 5, discovering the joys of optimising your schedule is a ton of fun even if you aren't a big bullet-journaling nerd.
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In an article on Alibaba's blog page, Zhang also said the company was seeking to retain and win over more customers by "enhancing reputation and optimising user experience".
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And on land, trucking firms and logistics operators focused on optimising route networks to save on fuel bills while consumers opted for smaller and more fuel-efficient vehicles.
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He said Bosch was optimising the combustion engine and also exploring synthetic fuels, which would have the advantage of being able to use existing filling stations and engines.
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Even simple quantum computers should be able to tackle classes of problems that choke conventional machines, such as optimising trading strategies or plucking promising drug candidates from scientific literature.
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Etienne Rugeri (co-founder, CTO) spent six years of his career working for chartered airlines, optimising crucial operations and building business applications for pilots, before moving into ad-tech.
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Indivior's contingency plans would also focus on optimising the launch of Sublocade, a once-a-month injectable drug to suppress opioid craving launched in the United States in February.
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Morgan Stanley analysts praised the company and its leadership, saying the new targets showed a "ruthless focus on optimising investment" and "the emerging benefits of increased focus and rigour".
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Today the company announced that it would acquire Plexxi, a specialist in software-defined data center solutions, aimed at optimising application performance for enterprises that are using hybrid cloud environments.
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According to its boss Elon Musk, Tesla built the factory because wringing more efficiency out of batteries is far more difficult than optimising the process by which they are made.
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Amazon, for example, uses AI widely, for tasks such as guiding robots in its warehouses and optimising packing and delivery, as well as detecting counterfeit goods and powering its speaker, Alexa.
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"There would be synergies from optimising the combined group's property portfolio, but that might not be entirely straightforward with Home Retail's lease liabilities," said one major institutional shareholder in both companies.
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Maison Me's co-founder and CEO Anastasia Sartan said that the startup will be using the money to continue optimising its services and building for new platforms such as Google Home.
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FCA, which according to analyst estimates produces around 25% of its vehicles in Europe, said the suspensions through March 27 would allow it respond to interrupted market demand by optimising supply.
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The company can still mitigate margin erosion, as seen when the pound fell 28% in 13, by rationalising its cost structure, negotiating with suppliers and optimising supply-chain infrastructure and sourcing geographies.
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Polish computer games maker CI Games has begun optimising its new Sniper 3 game, which is scheduled to debut on the market in January, chief executive Marek Tyminski told Puls Biznesu daily.
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FCA, which according to analyst estimates produces around 25% of its vehicles in Europe, said its plant suspensions through March 27 would allow it respond to interrupted market demand by optimising supply.
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Deutsche Bank is highly reliant on running down its non-core unit, progressing with business sales and further optimising RWAs and leverage exposure to remain on track to achieving its capital targets.
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"In order to adapt to its environment and to put in place its 2030 strategy, EDF SA is optimising its resources by reducing recruitment and operating costs," EDF said in a statement.
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"This divestment, which follows a disposal program of 650 million euros ($729 million)in 2017 and 2018, is in line with our strategy aiming at optimising our portfolio," CEO Patrick Berard said.
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Proceeds from the sale will be used to back investment in existing projects while any surplus would be used for future investments, optimising debt or remunerating shareholders, Gas Natural said in a statement.
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Susan had co-founded Intucell, a "self-optimising network" startup that sold to Cisco for $475 million in 2013; while Kobrinsky founded web conferencing startup Interwise, acquired by AT&T for $121 million.
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The robust underwriting results were supported by a number of initiatives RSA implemented recently, including optimising pricing and claims processes, investing in new IT infrastructure and focusing on underwriting discipline and cost control.
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"There has been a big change in the number of cases, which is related to our deepening understanding of the disease, improving diagnostic methods and optimising the distribution of diagnostic kits," Li said.
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Measures to improve the Glanbia Performance Nutrition (GPN) included exiting low margin areas including the majority of U.S. contract manufacture business, managing the division as four distinct businesses and optimising routes to market.
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It said its contingency plans would also focus on optimising the launch of Sublocade, a once-a-month injectable drug to suppress opioid craving that it launched in the United States in February.
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However, 7503% of RSM's borrowings carried fixed rates as of end-2016, and RSM is consistently optimising its capital structure, so it should be able to manage any reasonable rise in interest rates.
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"We are looking to channel ... our milk into products that create the most value for our farmers as well as optimising the farmgate milk price," Chief Executive Officer Theo Spierings said in a statement.
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The company has been reportedly interested in stepping up the pace of its security acquisitions to improve its position in that market — a natural complement to its other business optimising and securing web traffic.
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These include reducing operating expenditure, reducing stock and goods not for resale (GNFR) purchases, optimising working capital, stopping all but essential capital expenditure, and making use of tax payments and other government relief measures.
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He added: "Intel believes privacy is a fundamental human right and technologies like Mine play a critical role with legislation in realising the promise of optimising for the ethical and innovative use of data."
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But it also shows big asset managers such as BlackRock continue to invest in optimising human performance, despite the growing popularity of 'passive' investing, which is based on index-tracking, with minimum buying and selling.
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Although LBBW has launched a number of projects aimed at optimising its cost structure in the medium-term, efficiency lags behind peers and a significant improvement is, in our view, unlikely in the short-term.
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"We are encouraged that Samsung Electronics has agreed to take the bold step of optimising its balance sheet through a cancellation of its legacy holding of treasury shares," the U.S. fund said in a statement.
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"We are now able to operate our asset at around 140 percent of the original design, and it comes from improving the efficiencies, optimising the design and making sure our recoveries are better," Lacaze said.
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AR, with it its emphasis of optimising images as well as making them more lifelike and movable, will change all that and maybe even help commerce and design online leapfrog ahead of the real-world experience.
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The company said its contingency plans would also focus on supporting and optimising the launch of Sublocade, a once-a-month injectable drug to suppress opioid craving that it launched in the United States in February.
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It said that 60 percent of the cost of connecting a biogas plant to the gas grid would remain with the power producer in order to maintain an incentive for optimising the location of the plants.
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Fitch views Naspers implementing its strategy of 'optimising returns' by divesting low margin business as well as funding the recent acquisition of Avito through equity as signs of rationalisation in the portfolio and commitment to leverage metrics.
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Most Chinese pig farmers have continued to use high levels of soymeal even as their U.S. counterparts reduced soy content after advancing the science of optimising feed ingredients to provide the best nutrition at the lowest cost.
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Mega refineries are optimising run rates for petrochemical feedstock, while low oil prices, stimulus measures and a rush to replenish stocks for manufactured parts as businesses come back online are spurring demand in China, the analyst added.
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HIIG has been tasked with optimising allocation of state-owned capital, speeding up integration of production and research, encouraging innovation, driving progress towards higher-value industries and services, promoting state-owned enterprises reform and restructuring state-owned assets.
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EU banks' use of publicly placed true-sale securitisation for regulatory relief could become a key tool for optimising regulatory treatment even as its use as a funding tool is waning, but only if the investor base is sufficient.
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"Big portfolio players, like Shell, BP, ExxonMobil and Cheniere, are looking at keeping their ships busy all the time, optimising their positions with their own or third party cargoes to make sure they can squeeze every dollar from their charters," a senior industry source said.
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On the surface, this might look mainly like an aggregator media play, or on an M&A level something based on the private equity model of hoovering up a lot of tired or slow growing brands with the aim of optimising them and moving on.
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"Although we shall work on optimising the use of limited power that we are receiving, we expect that we shall effectively have to close several areas and our scaled back operations may affect a total of 4,700 direct employees," the company said in a statement.
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Its focus specifically is on one part of the market called the "full truck load" (FTL) market, which is aimed at organising, logging and optimising the cargo that lorry drivers are packing up onto their pallets, with a specific focus on smaller and mid-size trucking companies.
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And it is not hard to imagine marketers and advertisers using deepfake tools to automatically tweak the imagery in adverts and promotional materials, optimising them for maximal engagement—the faces of models morphed into ideals of beauty that are customised for each viewer, pushing consumers to make aspirational purchases.
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Companies such as QxBranch and 1Qbit play a new role of middleman between the quantum experts and industry, examining whether and how a given firm's business might be improved by quantum methods, for example optimising trading strategies or supply chains, or monitoring network activity to spot cyber-attacks.
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I think we are very confident in next year and will continue to invest, and we will focus on optimising products and solutions to meet customer needs and, at the same time, we will look at the new research and investments, and continue to invest for the future.
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How can we make, you know, the companies a miserable life, who have been, you know, in a very excellent way, been optimising the value chain, back and forth, you know, global value chain-, JK: You know, for the greater good of the customers, because the products are cheaper, and-, and more innovative.
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The new capital will be used by Deliveroo to invest in three aspects of its business: The first is expansion of its "Editions" (previously called RooBox) programme, which sees it open delivery-only kitchens to enable partner restaurants to expand without any of the traditional upfront costs, whilst increasing food selection for customers and optimising delivery times.
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Ando was founded to reinvent food delivery by focusing on producing grub that would simply be better suited to the task — "from the actual pH balance of the food to the packaging itself," in the words of Jordan, playing on food tech and optimising the experience, in addition to playing on favorites from Chang's own hugely successful restaurants, such as bibimbap, cheesesteaks and fried chicken.
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Owens will only share what he describes as some "typical stats" — touting an "18-25% increase in checkout conversion by automatically optimising the checkout flow for language, location, payment method and currency"; a "21% increase in average transaction size by using the data were able to collect for targeting up sells, plan and product recommendations"; and "significant decrease in subscription churn with billing reminders, failed payment management and churn tools built directly into the product".
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"Many before have tried to solve the deficiencies in the current supply chain, we wanted to redesign the entire chain from start to finish; Instead of building large-scale farms outside of the city, optimising on a specific yield and then distributing the produce, we decided it would be more effective to distribute the farms themselves and farm directly where people live and eat," explains Erez Galonska, co-founder and CEO of Infarm, in a statement.
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"But what I'm saying with this is, as we're living in a world which is very dynamic, and whether we have a better world or a worse world than before can be debated, there's a big paradigm shift that is happening in many ways… "Not all of them but most politicians are tactical and they seem to be more focused on optimising for the sake of winning the election rather than doing the right long-term thing for the constituency, that's why they're not really leaders.
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However, these problems could be overcome by optimising the CNT and polymer amounts.
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There is often a potential conflict between this objective and optimising the utilisation of vehicles and drivers.
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These organisations help NABARD by advising and giving monetary aid for the upliftment of the people in the rural areas and optimising the agricultural process.
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HeartScore is a cardiovascular disease risk assessment and management tool developed by the European Society of Cardiology, aimed at supporting clinicians in optimising individual cardiovascular risk reduction.
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CW's interest in optimising social organisation consistent with its principles also led it to develop close links with the School of Integrative Social Research at Braziers Park, Oxfordshire.
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Tree breeders make efforts to get their operation efficient by optimising tree breeding. Scientists develop tools aimed at improvement of the efficiency of tree breeding programmes. Optimising can mean adapting strategies and methods to certain species, group of populations, structure of genetic variation and mode of inheritance of the important traits to obtain the highest benefit per unit of time. Optimising is usually carried out at the following levels: breeding strategy (appropriate intensity of breeding, breeding population structure and size, plan for maintenance of genetic diversity), breeding methods (mating type, testing and selection methods, testing population size and time) and deployment methods of the genetically improved material (seed orchardsLindgren, D. and Prescher, F. 2005.
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The cost is a function of pipe diameters; therefore the optimization problem consists of finding a minimum cost solution by optimising pipe sizes to provide the minimum acceptable capacity.
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So it is possible, for example, to develop an application on a single server then compare multi- processor version of the same application with the aim of optimising the performance.
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The motivation behind it is that by optimising the teaching process, there are increases in the speed of science and culture development and by doing so there is a faster societal development.
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In predictive coding, optimising model parameters through a gradient ascent on the time integral of free energy (free action) reduces to associative or Hebbian plasticity and is associated with synaptic plasticity in the brain.
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The engine can blend multiple animations together, to produce a skin that moves correctly for those animations. Because this is CPU intensive, id did some work optimising this by using Intel's Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE).
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Mycroft read Mathematics at Cambridge then moved to Edinburgh where he completed his Doctor of Philosophy degree with a thesis on the Abstract interpretation and optimising transformations for applicative programs supervised by Rod Burstall and Robin Milner.
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He has served as PI of several successful national and international collaborations, demonstrating scientific leadership. He is working on projects related to optimising the benefits of exercise training in health and disease and utilising technologies to improve adherence to exercise training.
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The player's main task is to complete all the levels on the island, beating the wild Pokémon. The game process can be divided into four parts: base camp management, going on expeditions, training and optimising Pokémon, and attracting new Pokémon.
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Polycistronic vectors (ones located at multiple genome sites) are sometimes constructed to express more than one immunogen, or to express an immunogen and an immunostimulatory protein. Because the plasmid is the “vehicle” from which the immunogen is expressed, optimising vector design for maximal protein expression is essential. One way of enhancing protein expression is by optimising the codon usage of pathogenic mRNAs for eukaryotic cells. Pathogens often have different AT-contents than the target species, so altering the gene sequence of the immunogen to reflect the codons more commonly used in the target species may improve its expression.
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Casino design—regarded as a psychological exercise—is an intricate process that involves optimising floor plan, décor and atmospherics to encourage gambling.Creating Compulsion: An Investigation Into Casino Design, Architecture and Ambience , LiveCasino.co.uk, Retrieved 2/9/2013. Factors influencing gambling tendencies include sound, odour and lighting.
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The aim is to achieve cost leadership in the intermodal segment by optimising resources on selected routes and halving structural costs. The new company’s customers will primarily comprise intermodal operators, who will account for about 80% of the planned total sales of CHF 300 million.
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The ministry functions to develop and promote tourism and improve the capital city, Accra. These functions are aimed at optimising the socio-economic growth of the country through tourism-related activities and the promotion of environmental impact for the benefit of deprived communities with tourist sites in the country.
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It found out that in the period from 2009 to 2011 there was a pooling of the distributors on the market aiming at optimising costs exploit the advantages of economies of scale and scope. Such integration impeded the entry of new actors on the market and led to market concentration.
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The cash crisis affecting the NHS has meant that few machines have been bought. In 2011 the firm said that clinical awareness of optimising vascular fluids among surgery patients in the USA “remains some way behind the UK and continental Europe”. Sir Duncan Nichol is a director of the firm.
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The collected data and information can be shared with the private sector, to help them develop and achieve their own modelling system. The merge of MRSA and ANGKASA into one agency would improve work efficiencies by optimising the use of existing resources and facilities. the director general is Tuan Haji Azlikamil Napiah.
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The reason for the migration to Joinup was to provide public administrations in Europe with better communication and collaboration tools, to share experiences with interoperability solutions for public administrations, to increase the number of users and to leverage synergies between the OSOR.eu and SEMIC.eu user communities, while optimising the use of public funding.
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Trailer tracking is tracking the position of an articulated vehicle’s trailer unit through a tracking device fitted to the trailer. A communication network or satellite network is then used to transfer this positional data to a centralised collection point. Trailer tracking is used to increase productivity by optimising the use of trailer fleets.
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Sufficiency, as a strategy, may also be operationalised through distinguishing between different approaches to limiting the need for energy/resource- intensive services: # Reducing (i.e. consuming less); # Substituting (replacing highly-consuming services by less intensive ones); # Better sizing (avoiding oversized services and waste); # Sharing (optimising the use of each energy/resource-based service).
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Today, Cembrit Holding A / S has subsidiaries in 20 countries. The headquarter is still based in Aalborg, Denmark. In 2014, the Swedish SoLiX Group AB acquired Cembrit Holding A/S. SoLiX designed a growth strategy for Cembrit based on new products and services as well as extensive investment in optimising of plants, research and development.
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These included ICL's own earlier machines. The design of Burroughs mainframes was influential, although ICL rejected the concept of optimising the design for one high-level language. The Multics system provided other ideas, notably in the area of protection. However, the biggest single outside influence was probably the MU5 machine developed at Manchester University.
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27 Improvements can be made by optimising directionality and shape, however. Transitioning to wide angle lights enabled the doubling of distance between street lights in Flanders from 45 m to 90 m, cutting annual street lighting electricity expenditures to €9 million for the 2150 km long network that was retrofitted, corresponding to ca. €4186/km.
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A computer-based protocol system is a paradigm providing a set of tools which allow health care providers access to current guidelines which they can apply in practice.Coiera, E. (2003) Guide to Health Informatics. Great Britain: Hodder Education Studies have shown that protocols can aid in optimising patient care. There are two types of protocol systems: passive and active.
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As the RB5 race car's diffuser moved further towards the rear, he realised that pull-rod suspension would assist in optimising air flow under the vehicle and into its aerodynamic components. As a result, the revised RB5 used in the 2009 season secured a one-two victory in Shanghai, Abu Dhabi, and the British Grand Prix.
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The connectivity services are supported by a range of network monitoring, security and support services aimed at optimising the network performance, These services work to provide seamless access to the infrastructure and enhanced monitoring to identify and remedy any incidents that disrupt the data flow and by eliminating attempts to disrupt service by maintaining high levels of network security.
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The expectation value for the number of tricks is therefore 2.12 tricks. However, this play is not optimal in the sense of optimising the above described matchpoint objective. Consider the line of play that starts by taking a deep finesse by playing to the eight. If the eight loses to the nine, next play to the king.
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The considered problem is decomposed into subproblems. These subproblems are optimised separately while exchanging information in order to solve the complete problem. An optimisation algorithm, usually but not necessarily an evolutionary algorithm, is embedded in C3 for optimising those subproblems. The nature of the embedded optimisation algorithm determines whether C3's behaviour is deterministic or stochastic.
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A Prout economy is cooperative and decentralised. Its focus is collective welfare rather than to profit, without neglecting individuals and their merits. "Progressive utilization" refers to the optimising the use of natural, industrial and human resources on a sustainable basis for the entire ecosystem. The theory claims to overcome the limitations of both capitalism and communism.
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Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a genotype found in vertebrates, including humans. MHC is thought to contribute to mate choice in animals and humans. In sexual selection, females opt for mates with an MHC which differs from their own, optimising genes for their offspring. The "heterozygote advantage" and "Red Queen" explanations for these findings fall under the "pathogen hypothesis".
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In: Optimising Pesticide Use Ed. M. Wilson. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK. pp. 129-157 The practice of pest management by the rational application of pesticides is supremely multi-disciplinary, combining many aspects of biology and chemistry with: agronomy, engineering, meteorology, socio-economics and public health, together with newer disciplines such as biotechnology and information science.
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Gamaya's hyperspectral camera technology was developed between 2013 and 2015 through the EPFL Leman-Baikal project. It captures 40 different bands of light. Hyperspectral images shot with a drone are then used to generate a survey of the land. The data can be used for detecting invasive species and crop diseases, predicting yields, or for optimising soil treatment and fertilisation.
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Glassbox is an Israeli multinational Software as a Service (SaaS) company headquartered in London, that is active in the domain of risk management, big data and analytics . It designs, develops and sells solutions for digital security as well as for managing and optimising customer experience for web and mobile applications. Their clients include Expedia, Hotels.com, Hong Kong Express , and Singapore Airlines, amongst others.
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IASI's main structure comprises 6 sandwich panels that have an aluminium honeycomb core and carbon cyanate skins. Out of these, the one that supports optical sub-assemblies, electronics and mechanisms is called the main panel. IASI internal view (top). Credit: CNES The instrument's thermal architecture was engineered to split IASI in independent enclosures, optimising the design of every such enclosure in particular.
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The target orbit was identical to Sentinel-2A's, except for an opposite argument of latitude (180° apart), optimising the coverage of the constellation. As a consequence, the orbit properties are shared: 10:30 local time of the ascending node (LTDN) sun-synchronous orbit with a repeat cycle of 5 days at an altitude of about 786 km and inclination of 98.6°.
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Queries are parsed, optimised, and executed in the rasdaman server. The parser receives the query string and generates the operation tree. Further, it applies algebraic optimisation rules to the query tree where applicable; of the 150 algebraic rewriting rules, 110 are actually optimising while the other 40 serve to transform the query into canonical form. Parsing and optimization together take less than a millisecond on a laptop.
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A data analytics approach can be used in order to predict energy consumption in buildings. The different steps of the data analysis process are carried out in order to realise smart buildings, where the building management and control operations including heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting and security are realised automatically by miming the needs of the building users and optimising resources like energy and time.
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He was a major proponent of the compound locomotive, and from 1929 on he rebuilt many de Glehn compounds, designed by Alfred de Glehn, with his system of compounding. His other major work included optimising the steam circuit, including improving the steam flow by widening steam passages and paths, improving the flow through valve gear, and improved exhaust systems such as his Kylchap exhaust.
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The combination of producing electricity (combined heat and power) and heat for district heating at the same time is widely used in Denmark and the rest of Scandinavia, due to the need of domestic (and industrial) heating together with the Danish energy companies putting a big effort into optimising the energy plants. The Avedøre Power Station was designed by the architects Claus Bjarrum and Jørgen Hauxner.
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In advanced economies, the problems are about optimising existing supply networks. These economies have usually had continuing evolution, which allowed them to construct infrastructure to supply water to people. The European Union has developed a set of rules and policies to overcome expected future problems. There are many international documents with interesting, but not very specific, ideas and therefore they are not put into practice.
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This was intended to improve value for money to the taxpayer, optimising the level of taxpayers equity directed towards the delivery of services. Similar organisations can be found in most western European countries, for instance Hansel Ltd. in Finland and Consip in Italy. The OGC supported initiatives to encourage better supplier relations, sustainable procurement, the benefits of utilising smaller suppliers and the potential of eProcurement.
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Process integration is a term in chemical engineering which has two possible meanings. # A holistic approach to process design which emphasizes the unity of the process and considers the interactions between different unit operations from the outset, rather than optimising them separately. This can also be called integrated process design or process synthesis. El-Halwagi (1997 and 2006) and Smith (2005) describe the approach well.
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To facilitate sustainable development of secondary schools under the New Senior Secondary (NSS) academic structure, the Education Bureau (EDB) invited schools operating five or more Secondary One (S1) classes to consider optimising their class structure by means of class reduction on a voluntary basis in March this year. The arrangement for class reduction starts from S1 and extends to other levels progressively year by year.
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Addtech Energy Energy sells products for the transmission and distribution of electricity, as well as products in the areas of electrical safety, electrical installation and connection technology. Customers operate mainly in the energy and electrical installation market. Addtech Industrial Process Industrial Process sells solutions, subsystems and components that contribute to optimising industrial process flows. Customers operate mainly in the northern European manufacturing and processing industries.
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Born in Welshpool, Tisdale was educated at Trefnanney School and Welshpool Comprehensive, before attending Guildford University. Tisdale spent 33 years as a researcher at the Wellcome Research Laboratories, GlaxoWellcome and GlaxoSmithKline, where she eventually became head of clinical virology. She was an expert in HIV drug resistance and in optimising antiretroviral therapy. Tisdale headed the development of the influenza neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir, which Glaxo licensed from Biota in 1990.
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Growing internal parallelism has been one driving force behind improvements in conventional CPU designs. Instead of explicit thread-level parallelism (as is used in the transputer), CPU designs exploited implicit parallelism at the instruction-level, inspecting code sequences for data dependencies and issuing multiple independent instructions to different execution units. This is termed superscalar processing. Superscalar processors are suited for optimising the execution of sequentially constructed fragments of code.
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In other words, they are optimising the feeding intake of the colony. The success in this practice is dependent on chance. If a forager encounters an area full of rich resources, then recruitment and harvesting are extremely heavy in this area until the resources are depleted. Workers look for areas with the highest sugar concentration in the nectar, as they have the ability to physiologically identify the richest sugar solutions.
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A smart grid employs innovative products and services together with intelligent monitoring, control, communication, and self-healing technologies in order to: # • Better facilitate the connection and operation of generators of all sizes and technologies. # • Allow consumers to play a part in optimising the operation of the system. # • Provide consumers with greater information and options for how they use their supply. # • Significantly reduce the environmental impact of the whole electricity supply system.
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The Education Bureau announced on 25 March 2010 that secondary schools would be invited to optimise their class structure through a voluntary class-size reduction scheme. It invited schools operating five or more Secondary One (S1) classes to consider optimising their class structure by means of class reduction on a voluntary basis. The arrangement for class reduction starts from S1 and extends to other levels progressively year by year.
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Their standardisation was rejected after submission to the ITU-T. The original organiser Tom Lane and others criticize these changes as a break from the goals of the IJG. On , the first version of the filesize-optimising fork mozjpeg was published. For this version Josh Aas from Mozilla Research reworked the Perl script jpegcrush from x264's main developer Loren Merritt and integrated it into the code base of libjpeg-turbo.
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AdvanceCOMP is a set of cross-platform command line data (re-)compression tools. The utilities allow modifying an already-compressed file, with the intent of reducing the file-size by optimising the compressed representation. The AdvanceCOMP suite is freely available under the terms of the GPLv3 license. AdvanceCOMP works with files using the LZ/Huffman-based compression algorithm known as DEFLATE, the most widely used compression encoding systems in use.
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Following the Belgian Grand Prix on 27 August, the teams conducted a four-day testing session at the Monza circuit and concentrated on optimising their car set-ups for low downforce. Jos Verstappen set the quickest times on the first day, ahead of Pedro Diniz. Coulthard was quickest on the second day. Fisichella suffered a high speed crash going into the Ascari chicane, bringing a brief halt to testing.
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Research suggests that there may be some genetic contributions to the ability of developing positive illusions. Early environment also plays an important role, in which people are more able to develop these positive beliefs in nurturing environments than in harsh ones. Alternative explanations involve dimensions like the easiness and commonness of the tasks. In addition, tasks that shifted attention from the self to the comparative target would stop people overly optimising.
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Additional environmentally-friendly measures include regenerative braking and lower noise emissions. In 2018, Maurizio Manfellotto, CEO of Hitachi Rail Italy, claimed the Caravaggio's carbon emissions of 5 grams CO2eq were the lowest for any mass transport mode in Italy. Each train is powered by a 3 kV DC electric system producing and a maximum speed of . The traction equipment is mostly roof-mounted, optimising the interior space for passenger accommodation.
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The hipped roof is covered with corrugated iron. Internal planning is sensible, providing easy circulation and spacious main rooms. Based on a centre hall plan the front entrances become side doors and the length of the house extends along Church Street, thereby optimising the verandah and views. Original internal joinery is cedar and this, along with other interior finishes (plaster, tiles, timber flooring) are presented with little embellishment.
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The hipped roof is covered with corrugated iron. Internal planning is sensible, providing easy circulation and spacious main rooms. Based on a centre hall plan the front entrances become side doors and the length of the house extends along Church Street, thereby optimising the verandah and views. Original internal joinery is cedar and this, along with other interior finishes (plaster, tiles, timber flooring) are presented with little embellishment.
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The IndiGen programme on Public Health Genomics aims to undertake whole genome sequencing of 1000 Indian individuals representing diverse ethnic groups from India. The data generated as part of IndiGen would provide the baseline for allele frequencies of genetic variants for genetic epidemiology and aid policy decisions. The frequencies of clinically relevant genetic variants would form the template for enabling diagnostic approaches for prevalent genetic diseases and also for optimising therapies through pharmacogenomics.
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Limitations on current Land Use Policy In accordance with the Hong Kong Development Bureau town planning laws, cultural and creative industries (e.g. information technology, design and media production office, audio-visual recording studio, etc.) are allowed in these two zones. "Optimising the use of industrial buildings-Wholesale Conversion FAQs" Nonetheless, Ms Leung Po Shan, the spokesperson of the Factory Artists Concern Group (FAC) stated that drama groups were not allowed to rent in factories.
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Funded by Intelligent Energy Europe Duration: 3 years (2012 – April 2015) Objectives: The COOL-SAVE project carried out the development and dissemination of cost- effective strategies to improve energy efficiency in cooling systems in the food and drink sector. More specifically, it aimed at optimising vapour- compression mechanical systems in the food and drink sector, which can be achieved through the dissemination and the implementation of energy efficient strategies which prove effective.
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Without reduction measures, process-related NOx contents in the exhaust gas of rotary kiln plants would in most cases considerably exceed the specifications of e.g. European legislation for waste burning plants (0.50 g/m3 for new plants and 0.80 g/m3 for existing plants). Reduction measures are aimed at smoothing and optimising plant operation. Technically, staged combustion and Selective Non- Catalytic NO Reduction (SNCR) are applied to cope with the emission limit values.
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PetroSeraya Pte Ltd is a subsidiary of PowerSeraya Limited, established in April 2007. Its establishment forms part of PowerSeraya's diversification strategy to move into the non-regulated business and complements its core business of energy wholesaling and retailing. PetroSeraya plays a key role in managing PowerSeraya's fuel purchases – which form a significant component in the generation cost – as well as optimising the parent company's existing fuel management assets, such as tanks and jetties.
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Regional councilors represent the regions of Gauteng, Western Cape, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu Natal, and Free State. The intention is to add other regional representation as membership grows. There are also seven special purpose committees comprising experts in the areas of trusts, estates, compliance, tax, education and training, and beneficiary funds. FISA liaises with the Master's Office and the South African Revenue Service in order to participate in optimising legal and compliance processes.
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Puck also founded the Eleanor Roosevelt Institute at the University of Denver, where he was an emeritus professor. A member of the National Academy of Science since 1960, Puck published more than 200 papers on topics including Alzheimer's Disease and Down syndrome, and optimising radiotherapy dosages for the treatment of cancer. He died following complications from a broken hip. Upon his death he was survived by his widow, three daughters, and seven grandchildren.
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The TF108 had a new longer wheelbase to aid stability and a totally new aero package that was hoped to give the car great potential. It was not an evolution of the previous year's TF107; instead it had been designed from an evolution of the TF106, used for the 2006 season. Pascal Vasselon, the team's chassis general manager noted that the "primary aerodynamic design philosophy for the TF108 is geared towards optimising the entire package".
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ProActive Parallel Suite is an open-source software for enterprise workload orchestration, part of the OW2 community. A workflow model allows to define the set of executables and scripts written in any scripting language along with their dependencies, so ProActive Parallel Suite can schedule and orchestrate executions while optimising the use of computational resources. ProActive Parallel Suite is based on the "active object"-based Java framework to optimise task distribution and fault-tolerance.
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Bryant has conducted some of the first studies into cognitive factors that underpin Prolonged Grief Disorder from normal bereavement, including memory styles, appraisals, and how people imagine their futures. Bryant has also conducted the first studies of different neural circuits between Prolonged Grief Disorder and other psychological conditions. In addition, he conducted a major controlled trial of treating Prolonged Grief Disorder that demonstrated that reliving memories of the loss is critical to optimising treatment response.
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For ten years she consulted several firms on optimising systems and processes, as well as team-building and success techniques. During her time in a corporate setting she developed a number of techniques for team success and workplace achievement. However she has stated that she lacked a sense of fulfilment and desired a lifestyle and career change. Her desire was to hold a meaningful and enjoyable position, as well as lead a passionate and fulfilling home life.
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Several developers have used yacc-based compilers or similar tools to translate the MLMs to an intermediate form which is executed later. Other developers use Prolog for both parsing and interpretation and optimising MLMs by converting them to single-assignment declarative form. The open source compiler Arden2ByteCode translates MLMs to Java Bytecode that is executable on the Java Virtual Machine. The accompanying plugin for Eclipse called Arden4Eclipse supports MLM developers with an integrated development environment (IDE).
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The axial holding capacity of the anchor pile is due to the friction along the pile-soil interface, while the lateral capacity of the pile is generated by lateral soil resistance, where the anchor's orientation is critical to optimising this resistance. As a result, the location of the padeye is placed such that the force from the catenary or taut mooring will result in a moment equilibrium about the point of rotation, to achieve the optimal lateral soil resistance.
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The project was joint winner in December 2003 of the British Geotechnical Association's international Fleming award for excellence in geotechnical design and construction. The award was for the innovative 'observational approach' used in optimising the design of the tunnel launch shaft in Whitehall, and for the soil-nailed open-cut section of the works accommodating the northern cut and cover tunnel. The award was shared with the recovery operation project for the World Trade Center, following the 2001 attack.
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The RMIT Platform Technologies Research Institute was a major research institute of RMIT University. Using a whole-of-system approach, the Institute's cross-disciplinary research investigates the integration of smart materials and systems into technology platforms to address industry’s future needs. Institute researchers are contributing to improvements in aged care, predicting severe weather events and optimising logistics, energy and data networks. The Institute's nanotechnology is boosting drug delivery and fuel cells, and a smart cricket ball to assist bowlers.
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During the December 2001 Laeken summit, the EU launched the European Capabilities Action Plan (ECAP) to remedy European capability shortfalls.WEU, ESDP developments and the Headline Goal 2010 − reply to the annual report of the Council, 15 June 2005, It involved initially some 20 panels composed of military experts from the member states which put forward plans and proposals to fill the identified shortfalls (e.g., by acquiring new equipment or optimising existing capabilities, in particular through cooperation at European level).
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Thermal desorption is a widely accepted technology that provides a permanent solution at an economically competitive cost. The world’s first large-scale thermal desorption for treatment of mercury containing wastes was erected in Wölsau, for the remediation of the Chemical Factory Marktredwitz (founded in 1788) was considered to be the oldest in Germany. Operation commenced in October 1993 including the first optimising phase. 50,000 tons of mercury-contaminated solid wastes were treated successfully between August 1993 and June 1996.
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Some proteins though serve only to activate other genes, and these are the transcription factors that are the main players in regulatory networks or cascades. By binding to the promoter region at the start of other genes they turn them on, initiating the production of another protein, and so on. Some transcription factors are inhibitory. In single-celled organisms, regulatory networks respond to the external environment, optimising the cell at a given time for survival in this environment.
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The thermal module (Therm) combines lumped circuit and finite element thermal calculations for optimising the cooling system of the machine. Cooling methods modelled include natural convection (Totally enclosed non ventilated - TENV), forced convection (Totally enclosed fan cooled - TEFC), through ventilation, water jackets, submersible, wet rotor and wet stator, spray cooling, radiation and conduction. A wide range of housing types can be modelled. The Lab module works with the EMag and Therm modules to help develop new design concepts.
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Wiseman launched the Dream:ON App at the Edinburgh International Science Festival 2012. It is developed and maintained by YUZA, a mobile experience team based in London. The app is powered by an engine which constantly monitors and adjusts the behaviour of Dream:ON; optimising the experience for the user. When the user enters the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep where dreaming is most common, the app delivers unique audio soundscapes which the subconscious is shown to respond to.
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The term 'BOSS' is an acronym for Ballistic Optimising Shooting System. The device attaches to the muzzle end of the barrel and allows the natural harmonics, commonly known as barrel whip, caused during the bullet's passage down the bore, to be refined and controlled. By adjusting the device for optimum performance in the individual rifle, accuracy is brought to peak level. Winchester Model 70s equipped with the BOSS provide a significant improvement in accuracy for a production rifle.
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With an extension of the post-reproductive female life stage, they could enhance their inclusive fitness by giving kin assistance. This way, with no choice in the timing of fertility termination, females are optimising an essentially bad situation. Frank Marlowe first put forward the patriarch hypothesis. He postulates that if women survive beyond an age at which they can reproduce and men continue spermatogenesis, then old males can benefit greatly if they can copulate with younger females.
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These coaches are Johan Kaggestad for strength sports, together with Atle Kvålsvoll and Roger Gjedsvik, Michael Jørgensen for technical sports, and Marit Breivik and Torgeir Bryn for team sports. The coaches follow up the ports attend team activities, events and take a role in the optimising of opportunities to lead. The national team coaches work together with Olympiatoppen's coaches. Different sports have benefitted in different ways from working with the organisation, and it gives practical help to the Norwegian team in Olympic sports.
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In 2003 she co-founded the Network of European Neuroscience Schools (NENS) with the goal of optimising and increasing the international visibility of European graduate programms and graduate schools in neuroscience. NENS was integrated into the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies] in 2005. She was chairperson of Network of European Neuroscience Schools (NENS)] in the period encompassing 2005-2010. She was a member of the Executive Committee and Governing Council of the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies from 2005-2010.
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In September 2018, agribusiness Free Eyre expressed interest in revisiting and optimising previous plans for Port Spencer exclusively for the export of grain. The port project is currently proposed by Peninsula Ports Pty Ltd (a wholly owned subsidiary of Free Eyre Limited), which has redesigned the project for the export of grain. The port's proponents expect construction to be complete in time for harvest in 2021. The project received development approval from the Government of South Australia in August of 2020.
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Imagination is the faculty that produces ideas and images in the absence of direct sensory data, often by combining fragments of previous sensory experiences into new syntheses. It is a critical component of mental management as it captures the change involved in improving or optimising the mental processes. The gesture of creative imagination allows for an individual to invent new approaches based on what they already know. This allows individuals to make comparisons and develop responses to problems outside of a logical framework.
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Economically, CUSS reduces the labour cost of ground staff required by manual check-in. With the introduction of CUSS, the check-in area at the airport can be reduced to enable more retail outlets, or entertainment facilities. Based on IATA studies, a 40% market penetration of self-service check-in will save $US1 billion per year.. CUSS can be implemented in the cloud, optimising resource usage and support overheads, that eliminates the need for servers, core computing space and costly technical manpower.
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The dropped-call rate is usually included, together with other technical parameters of the network, in a key performance indicator known as call retainability. The operators of telecommunication networks aim at reducing the call dropped rate as much as practical and affordable. In mobile networks this is achieved by improving radio coverage, expanding the capacity of the network and optimising the performance of its elements, all of which may require considerable effort and significant investments on the part of the network operator.
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Optimal management of JIA requires a multidisciplinary team working to address the needs of an individual patient. Optimising physical and social functioning is accomplished via a two-pronged approach: non-pharmacological strategies such as physical therapies, pain management strategies, and social supports; and the swift use of medication to control inflammation and extra-articular symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative in helping reduce joint damage and other symptoms, which will help reduce levels of permanent damage leading to long term disability.
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The aircraft entered service in 1986 with Swissair. The A310-300 incorporates a computerised fuel distribution system which allows it to be trimmed in flight, optimising the centre of gravity by shuttling up to of fuel in and out of the horizontal stabilizer tank, controlled by a Center of Gravity Control Computer. ;A310-300C :A convertible passenger/cargo version, the seats can be removed and cargo placed on the main deck. ;A310-300F :The freight version of the A310-300F.
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Temperature profiles (temperature vs. distance diagram) of hot stream (flowing from left to right) and cold stream (flowing from right to left) in counter-flow heat exchanger of above case. Pinch analysis is a methodology for minimising energy consumption of chemical processes by calculating thermodynamically feasible energy targets (or minimum energy consumption) and achieving them by optimising heat recovery systems, energy supply methods and process operating conditions. It is also known as process integration, heat integration, energy integration or pinch technology.
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In 2010 the company also received the Energy Efficiency Award for optimising energy production and use in its manufacturing facilities. In 2013, the company received the German Sustainability Award for the third time. Since January 2018, Martin Viessmann leads the Group as Chairman of the Executive Board. The operative business is headed by two Group-CEOs: Max Viessmann is responsible for the Climate Solutions division and new digital business, while Joachim Janssen concentrates on the Industrial Systems and Refrigeration Solutions divisions.
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Beaumont had significant support on his ride from a "base camp" team who stayed in Scotland, and "on the road" teams who followed in camper vans which provided him a comfortable place to rest when off the bike. The support team covered duties ranging from preparing his meals and ensuring optimum nutrition, optimising his route to avoid ratification pitfalls, providing massages to help alleviate the discomfort of spending long hours in the same position, and psychological support during low points.
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SSC performs instant-to-instant analysis of the car's side-slip, comparing it with the target value and then optimising both torque management (via integration with F1-Trac traction control) and torque distribution between the two wheels (via integration with the E-Diff electronic differential]). The Speciale accelerates from 0 to in 3.0 seconds, 0– in 9.1 seconds. Ferrari declared a Fiorano test track lap time of 1:23.5, only 0.5 seconds slower than the F12 berlinetta. Lateral acceleration now reaches 1.33 g.
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This development involves expanding polypeptide antibiotic diversity and optimising function, whilst reducing toxic affects. The ability for antibiotic polypeptides to overcome the challenge of bacteria developing resistance in most cases, is derived from their inhibition of cell wall synthesis and thus bacterial cell replication. However, whilst this acts against bacteria during multiplication, microbes generally exist outside of replication. Thus producing a new challenge, and providing an area for potential future research on polypeptide antibiotic mechanism of actions and how to manipulate them.
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Existing visitor optimisation (EVO) is a discipline of optimising websites to maximise return from existing visitors rather than through search engine optimisation (SEO). While SEO is useful to gain more visitors, EVO looks at types of neuromarketing and psychology to optimise the language and layout elements of websites to maximise the benefits of the increased visitors. Strategies that may be employed include asking "how many would you like" rather than offering an "add to cart" button on e-commerce sites.Bandler, Richard & LaValle, John.
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Pinkerton was appointed head of research in English Electric Computers, which went through a series of mergers eventually becoming part of ICL in 1968. In the 1970s Pinkerton, together with Conway Berners-Lee, developed and applied a queuing network model for optimising the price/performance of the new ICL's 'New Range' of computers (later the ICL 2900 Series). It was known as FAST – standing for Football Analogy for System Throughput. He remained with the company until his retirement in 1984, in a variety of product strategy roles.
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The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or ELISA is a diagnostic method for quantitatively or semi-quantitatively determining protein concentrations from blood plasma, serum or cell/tissue extracts in a multi-well plate format (usually 96-wells per plate). Broadly, proteins in solution are adsorbed to ELISA plates. Antibodies specific for the protein of interest are used to probe the plate. Background is minimised by optimising blocking and washing methods (as for IHC), and specificity is ensured via the presence of positive and negative controls.
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Marcela Bilek Curriculum Vitae After finishing her bachelor's degree, Bilek worked at the Comalco Research Centre in Melbourne as an industrial research scientist, working on optimising the designs of aluminum smelting cells. Two and a half years later, Bilek was awarded a scholarship to complete her PhD in Engineering at the University of Cambridge, earning her doctorate in 1997. Bilek then went on to complete a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree at Rochester Institute of Technology, College of Business, completing it in 2000.
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Eco-Design (ED): Co-led by Dassault Aviation and Fraunhofer Gesellschaft. This ITD focuses on mitigating the environmental impact of the design, production, withdrawal, and recycling of aircraft by optimising material and energy use. Complementing the six ITDs is the Technology Evaluator (TE). Once the new technologies have been developed and integrated into a test model or aircraft, the TE assesses the environmental improvements by carrying out demonstration activities and test flights and comparing the results with aircraft that have not been equipped with the new technologies.
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Much work in database-systems has aimed at efficient implementation of joins, because relational systems commonly call for joins, yet face difficulties in optimising their efficient execution. The problem arises because inner joins operate both commutatively and associatively. In practice, this means that the user merely supplies the list of tables for joining and the join conditions to use, and the database system has the task of determining the most efficient way to perform the operation. A query optimizer determines how to execute a query containing joins.
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A flock of Canada geese in V formation Many bird species migrate to take advantage of global differences of seasonal temperatures, therefore optimising availability of food sources and breeding habitat. These migrations vary among the different groups. Many landbirds, shorebirds, and waterbirds undertake annual long-distance migrations, usually triggered by the length of daylight as well as weather conditions. These birds are characterised by a breeding season spent in the temperate or polar regions and a non-breeding season in the tropical regions or opposite hemisphere.
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Three honourable mentions were awarded to the proposals by Karl Hufnagel Architekten (Berlin), hks Hestermann Rommel Architekten und Gesamtplaner GmbH (Erfurt), and menomenopiu architectures/Alessandro Balducci (Rome). The Klassik Stiftung Weimar then began negotiating with the four prize winners according to VOF procedure (Contracting Regulations for the Awarding of Professional Services). The jury provided the winners with recommendations for optimising their proposals in preparation for the VOF procedure. All proposals of the second round of the competition are displayed at the Neues Museum in Weimar.
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After the World War II, he went on to work in France with Nord Aviation before moving back to Germany to head Deutsche Airbus GmbH. Before joining Airbus he was especially known for co-ordinating French and German work on the Transall C-160 military transport aircraft. Felix Kracht joined the Airbus organisation in 1968 and was Airbus' first production director on the A300 programme. He focused on harnessing a broad selection of skills, eliminating redundancies, promoting trans-national collaboration and optimising a unique industrial organisation.
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Conditioning is achieved by holding broodstock in flow-through tanks at optimal conditions for light, temperature, salinity, flow rate and food availability (optimal levels are species specific).Demoulin F. (1999) Guidelines for broodstock and hatchery management; Support for technical services FAO, Rome, 59pp. Another important aspect of broodstock conditioning is ensuring the production of high quality eggs to improve growth and survival of larvae by optimising the health and welfare of broodstock individuals. Egg quality is often determined by the nutritional condition of the mother.
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The data structure is named after John K. Iliffe. Their disadvantages include the need for multiple chained pointer indirections to access an element, and the extra work required to determine the next row in an n-dimensional array to allow an optimising compiler to prefetch it. Both of these are a source of delays on systems where the CPU is significantly faster than main memory. The Iliffe vector for a 2-dimensional array is simply a vector of pointers to vectors of data, i.e.
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The team wanted to recreate the scripted sound design of linear horror films in an interactive environment. They watched their favorite horror films, noting their use of sound effects and music, and implementing them into Dead Space. One of the constant issues was optimising the limited amount of RAM the team had for both music and sound effects, which partly inspired the development of specific tools rather than using popular sound design systems. The dialogue and voice implementation was handled by Andrea Plastas and Jason Heffel.
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This constructed solution is then used as the initial solution in Phase II, the local improvement phase. The CC algorithm is employed to further optimise the constructed solution. A cycle of Phase II includes optimising the subproblems separately while keeping the parameters of the other subproblems fixed to a central blackboard solution. When this is done for each subproblem, the found solution are combined during a "collaboration" step, and the best one among the produced combinations becomes the blackboard solution for the next cycle.
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The hull is made of steel, wood, aluminium, or more commonly, a combination of wood for the structure and glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) composite for the shaped and smooth surface. Some manufacturers also weave Kevlar into the GRP sheets for extra strength. The hull of a RIB is shaped to increase the performance of the boat in the water by optimising its hydroplaning characteristics. "Deep-V" hulls cut through waves easily but require greater engine power to start planing than "shallow-V" hulls, which plane at lower speed but with a more uncomfortable ride.
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It was aimed for scenarios where decompression speed and rate should be prioritised equally. Part of this efficiency was achieved by optimising the algorithm for modern micro-architectures, specifically focusing on arm64. pdf Third-party benchmarking confirms that LZFSE decompresses faster than zlib, but also suggests that many other modern compression algorithms may have more favorable compression algorithm performance characteristics such as density, compression speed and decompression speed by a significant margin. Apple's LZFSE implementation uses a simpler algorithm called LZVN when the input is smaller than (4096 bytes).
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Williams and Chude Jideonwo started The Future Awards Africa and went on to co-found Red Media Africa. He co-founded EnoughisEnough (EiE), a Nigerian civic participation platform and a voice for young people in politics. He resigned as the board chairman to steer the rebranding of the current Nigerian president, Muhammadu Buhari, optimising media engagement to change longstanding perceptions and sway the elections. A consequent success in Ghana helped the opposition candidate win the presidency on his third attempt, and Williams currently consults in other regions in the continent.
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More recently, drummer Steve Smith has also incorporated Konnakol in his performances with Vital Information and his clinics. Konnakol should not be confused with the practice in Hindustani music (the classical music of northern India) of speaking tabla "bols", which indicate the finger placement to be used by a percussionist. By contrast, konnakol syllables are aimed at optimising vocal performance, and vastly outnumber any commonly used finger placements on mridangam or any other hand percussion instrument. Further, all the differences between Carnatic and north Indian rhythms apply equally to konnakol and tabla bols.
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The Steffen Boarding Method, also known as the Steffen Perfect or simply the Steffen Method is a proposed "perfect aeroplane boarding method" that would enable optimally fast and convenient way of sequencing passengers. The method was first introduced by astrophysicist Jason Steffen in 2008. The method attempts to eliminate the buffers that slow down plane boarding, while simultaneously optimising speed and efficiency. The method has been criticised for its lack of human headway, as it would separate those boarding in groups, require a perfectly organised line, as well as uniform stowing and seating time.
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It is currently being used for optimising existing Joule–Thomson (JT-LTS) systems to minimise liquid carryover. The swirl valve is exactly the same as a Joule-Thomson (JT) choke valve, but it enhances the performance of downstream separators for the same pressure drop, by maximising droplet coalescence. The technology can be applied where a low temperature separator is undersized, or when a lower pressure drop over a JT valve is needed with a similar dew pointing performance. It can also be applied for reducing glycol/chemical inhibition liquid mist carry-over problems.
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AnyVan is a European online marketplace for users to obtain delivery, transport, and removal services from its community of transport partners, who must bid for the work. It matches a user’s delivery route to that of a transport provider’s and connects them which, minimise costs and cut down CO2 emissions by optimising storage space and haulage. AnyVan transport partners use their own vans. As of December 2015, AnyVan’s services are available nationwide across the UK and in other European countries such as Germany, Ireland, Spain, France, and Italy.
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Maintaining physical activity is important in all children, but especially for children with JIA. The physical therapist has a role in guiding physical rehabilitation (muscle stretching and strengthening, enhancing joint range of movement, improving balance, etc); optimising physical functioning; goal- setting; and improving a child’s confidence in their own body. They usually work with the child and family to develop a home exercise program which changes over time as the child makes progress. Arthritis in childhood can be associated with muscle weakness and wasting around the affected joints.
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Scientific American Library. . Bacteria often function as multicellular aggregates known as biofilms, exchanging a variety of molecular signals for inter-cell communication, and engaging in coordinated multicellular behaviour. The communal benefits of multicellular cooperation include a cellular division of labour, accessing resources that cannot effectively be used by single cells, collectively defending against antagonists, and optimising population survival by differentiating into distinct cell types. For example, bacteria in biofilms can have more than 500 times increased resistance to antibacterial agents than individual "planktonic" bacteria of the same species.
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Ampaire is replacing the Cessna 337 Skymaster (a push-pull aircraft) forward piston engine with an electric motor. The forward Continental IO-360 piston engine is replaced with an electric motor powered by a battery in a parallel hybrid configuration, optimising power output to reduce operating costs and pollution. The centerline thrust makes the 337 a useful testbed, allowing thrust differences with no yawing unlike a conventional twin-engine aircraft. Ampaire is marketing the EEL to government departments and private owners while undisclosed commercial operators already placed orders.
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IPSF is committed to ensuring quality pharmacy education and promoting the role of the pharmacist. Professional Development involves the process of active participation in formal and informal learning activities that assist individuals in developing and maintaining continuing competence, enhancing their professional practice, supporting the achievements of their career goals, and optimising health outcomes as an integral member of the health professional team. Through professional skills workshops and competitions, pharmacy awareness campaigns and leadership training opportunities, IPSF strives to enhance the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values required by pharmacy professionals and students for their future practice.
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More than 8000 species of sea sponges live in oceanic and freshwater habitats. Sponge fishing historically has been an important and lucrative industry, with yearly catches from years 1913 to 1938 regularly exceeding 181 tonnes and generating over 1 million U.S. dollars. However, this demand for sea sponges has seen catch rates peak and in 2003 the demand for bath sponges was 2,127 tonnes, with global production from harvesting only meeting a quarter of that amount. Early aquaculture research into optimising techniques for sea sponge aquaculture used a number of farming methods.
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Rather than general-purpose 3D algorithms, democoders often used special-purpose tricks highly optimized for the rotation and rendering of a particular object such as a cube or a sphere. Since even drawing dots, lines or filled polygons was a difficult task in itself competition often revolved around simply optimising the drawing routines while using pre-calculated maths. To a casual viewer, many demo effects look like something attainable by a general-purpose 3D engine. However, classic effects with an apparent 3D look often have no real-time 3D calculation whatsoever.
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In C, operands must first be promoted to the size of the required result: intermediate results are undefined if they do not fit into the range of the promoted operands. If range of the required result is greater than the range of operands, this normally produces slow inefficient code, even from a good optimising compiler. However, a C compiler is never required or expected to handle out of range intermediate results: it is the programmers responsibility to ensure that all intermediate results fit into the operand range. The (only) pre-Standard implementation of C as well as Small-C et al.
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Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) is a joint venture between ACI EUROPE, EUROCONTROL, International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO) which aims to improve the operational efficiency of all airport operators by reducing delays, increasing the predictability of events during the progress of a flight and optimising the utilisation of resources. In addition this will increase capacity at participating airports. This aim is to be achieved via improved real time information sharing between airport operators, aircraft operators, ground handlers and air traffic control. The concept involves implementation of a set of operational procedures and automated processes.
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Governments could try and offset the impact of terrorism by spending on security, although it would not be optimal for a government to spend so much as to fully offset the impact of terrorism. Therefore, even an optimising government could not totally nullify the negative impacts of terrorism on the economy. Bloomberg, Hess and Orphanages have found empirically that the occurrence of terrorism has a significant negative effect on economic growth, albeit a smaller and less persistent effect than war or civil conflict. Furthermore, they found that terrorism is associated with a reduction in investment spending and an increase in government spending.
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He is a partner in another IMI project, EMIF, on the development of a European clinical research platform federating multiple population health and cohort studies. Dipak also led an EU Network of Excellence on semantic interoperability, and is a partner in other EU projects on the sustainability of interoperability assets, the transatlantic sharing of patient summaries and quality labelling. Dipak is President of the European Institute for Innovation through Health Data (www.i-HD.eu), which seeks to drive best practices in the trustworthy use of high quality and interoperable health data by all stakeholders, for optimising health and knowledge discovery.
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While few algorithms will use all of these they give a good overview of the general field. Most statistical parsing algorithms are based on a modified form of chart parsing. The modifications are necessary to support an extremely large number of grammatical rules and therefore search space, and essentially involve applying classical artificial intelligence algorithms to the traditionally exhaustive search. Some examples of the optimisations are only searching a likely subset of the search space (stack search), for optimising the search probability (Baum-Welch algorithm) and for discarding parses that are too similar to be treated separately (Viterbi algorithm).
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Recent work has shown that electrodes covered with β–MoTe2 demonstrated an increase in the amount of hydrogen gas produced during the electrolysis when a specific pattern of high-current pulses was applied. By optimising the pulses of current through the acidic electrolyte, the authors could reduce the overpotential needed for hydrogen evolution by nearly 50% when compared with the original non-activated material. Few-layered metallic form 1T'-MoTe2 (β–MoTe2) enhance SERS signal and therefore, some lipophilic markers (β–sitosterol) of coronary artery and cardiovascular diseases can be selectively detected at the surface of the few- layered films.
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Video explaining the 2011 Wikimedia Strategic Plan Executive director Katherine Maher, 2016 In response to the growing size and popularity of Wikipedia, the Wikimedia Foundation announced a Strategic Plan to improve and sustain the Wikimedia movement. The plan was announced in July 2009, followed by a process of interviews and surveys with people from across the Wikimedia movement, including board of trustees, members of staff and volunteer editors. The ongoing plan was intended to be the basis of a five- year plan to further outreach, improve content quality and quality control, and optimising operational areas such as finance and infrastructure.
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Some means of doing so are: Adding resources to the bottleneck operation (more people), minimising downtime, eliminating non-value activities, investing in more machinery which completes the same action, and optimising the bottlenecks operation. Other sources similarly suggest that once the bottleneck has been identified it is best to ensure it is well maintained, to provide a constant buffer stock upstream of the bottleneck, to reduce time wasted in set ups and changeovers, and to train more operators for the bottlenecked machines. These are further explained below. Having production scheduled to optimise efficiency, is another means of effectively utilising the bottlenecked machine.
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The two arms, the spindle, and the body, form a four-bar link. Use of the linkage at the lower suspension connection of either a MacPherson strut or a short long arms suspension readily gives an effective virtual ball joint outboard of the spindle, which is very useful for a suspension designer, allowing negative scrub radius whilst allowing the ball joints to move in and thus out of the way of the brakes. Some manufacturers use a double ball joint arm to replace both wishbones on a short long arms suspension. This provides further opportunity for optimising the geometry.
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Sauber and Williams evaluated revised chassis components and both teams assessed their selection of tyre compounds from the Malaysian Grand Prix, optimising the setup of their vehicles to better suit it. A lap of 1 minute and 17.288 seconds topped the time sheets for the Williams test driver Marc Gené on the first day. Pedro de la Rosa, the McLaren test driver, set the second day's fastest time, a 1 minute and 15.506 seconds. Williams' Ralf Schumacher set the quickest lap on the third day, lowering the overall best time to a 1 minute and 15.352 seconds.
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SEAT Toledo Mk1, launched in 1991, was the first model fully developed under Volkswagen Group's ownership. The centralisation of the management, design, research, and production facilities localized around the plant site was meant to serve the aim of optimising the development in of new models. On February 22, 1993, King Juan Carlos of Spain and the newly elected since January 1, 1993 chairman of the Volkswagen Group Dr. Ferdinand Piëch inaugurated the Martorell plant, one of the most modern and efficient car plants in Europe using the just-in-time process with its suppliers' site located only 2.5 km away.
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In the late 1960s Berners-Lee led the Medical Development Team of ICT and then ICL. He was involved in some of the earliest developments in the applications of computers in medicine, and his text compression ideas were taken up by an early electronic patient record system. Berners-Lee spent the 1970s developing and using a queuing network model for ICL's 'New Range' of computers (later the ICL 2900 Series) with Dr John Pinkerton who was responsible for optimising the price/performance of the new systems. It was known as FAST – standing for Football Analogy for System Throughput.
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The National Agricultural and Fisheries Policy was an act of Seychellois law passed in 2002 which was intended to set out the boundaries of fishing policy in the country between 2002 and 2013. The policy aims toward “the promotion of sustainable and responsible fisheries development and optimising the benefits from this sector for the present and future generations.” www.infosa.org.na, Retrieved on June 4, 2008 The policy focuses principally on the promotion of sustainable exploitation in fishing practices, and a degree of responsibility for fishing in the islands whilst providing for food, employment, income, and foreign revenue.
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The Australian Fisheries Management Forum comprises the heads of the federal, state and territory government agencies responsible for management of fisheries, who discuss strategic issues relating to fisheries and aquaculture management. The FRDC works with the forum, sitting as an invited representative to meetings, providing advice and ensuring forum priorities are incorporated into the Corporation's RD&E; planning processes. The FRDC understands that adoption of research outputs by management agencies is a key to optimising management outcomes. It will continue to work with AFMF, participating as an invited representative to its meetings, providing advice and ensuring AFMF priorities are incorporated into planning and prioritisation processes.
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The council's Opinion “Medical benefits and costs in healthcare”, published on 27 January 2011, deals with the question of the allocation of funds in the health care sector. Addressing this issue was a reaction to the inability of two Enquete Commissions appointed by the Bundestag to pass recommendations concerning this matter. Considering the impending cost increase in the health care sector due to medical progress with a simultaneous increase in life expectancy, the council's Opinion formulates recommendations based on the principle of human dignity and the accompanying fundamental rights that aim both at optimising the allocation of funds for healthcare and achieving equitable distribution of resources.
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The Agora Innoroad Laboratory serves as a forum for international cooperation and regional collaboration in multidisciplinary research on road traffic and other driver and transportation-related issues. The Lab’s key strengths include the modeling, optimisation, and application of ICT tools in traffic and transportation, as well as research in predicting human error. Among the projects ongoing in the lab is research funded by the Research Council of Norway on optimising newspaper delivery and waste collection, and the development of new optimization tools for communal logistic applications, funded by the KAKS foundation. A driving simulator is used to study people’s driving skills and what they do under various circumstances.
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Hydronic balancing Hydronic balancing, also called hydraulic balancing, is the process of optimising the distribution of water in a building's hydronic heating or cooling system by equalizing the system pressure so it provides the intended indoor climate at optimum energy efficiency and minimal operating cost. To provide the correct power output heating or cooling devices require a certain flow known as the design flow. Theoretically it is possible to design plants that deliver the design flow at each terminal unit (heating or cooling device). In reality this is not possible because pipes and valves only come in certain sizes and accurately predicting the real flow in a system is too complex.
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PBC is about buying performance, not transactional goods and services, through an integrated acquisition and logistics process delivering improved capability to a range of products and services. PBC is a support strategy that places primary emphasis on optimising system support to meet the needs of the user. PBCs delineate outcome performance goals, ensure that responsibilities are assigned, provide incentives for attaining these goals, and facilitate the overall life-cycle management of system reliability, supportability, and total ownership costs. A PBC in practice involves a contracting agency (who are contracting the work to an external provider) and a contractor (who are responsible for completing the work set out in the contract).
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Supporting this will be the marketing department whose spending will be increased. A further emphasis will be put on e-commerce activities which will be further expanded and refined in order to gain a substantial share in online revenue. Additionally, the company aims to expand in the markets where it is already a participant, particularly in the Benelux but also in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Another emphasis is put on purchasing whose objectives include the improving of margins, developing the online range, optimising lead times, having fewer, yet more strategic, suppliers with fewer stock keeping units, developing additional ranges and creating the most possible synergies between the different formats.
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Mixtures of dispersed combustible materials (such as gaseous or vaporised fuels, and some dusts) and oxygen in the air will burn only if the fuel concentration lies within well-defined lower and upper bounds determined experimentally, referred to as flammability limits or explosive limits. Combustion can range in violence from deflagration through detonation. Limits vary with temperature and pressure, but are normally expressed in terms of volume percentage at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure. These limits are relevant both to producing and optimising explosion or combustion, as in an engine, or to preventing it, as in uncontrolled explosions of build-ups of combustible gas or dust.
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The detection of many antigens can be dramatically improved by antigen retrieval methods that act by breaking some of the protein cross-links formed by fixation to uncover hidden antigenic sites. This can be accomplished by heating for varying lengths of times (heat induced epitope retrieval or HIER) or using enzyme digestion (proteolytic induced epitope retrieval or PIER). One of the main difficulties with IHC staining is overcoming specific or non-specific background. Optimisation of fixation methods and times, pre- treatment with blocking agents, incubating antibodies with high salt, and optimising post-antibody wash buffers and wash times are all important for obtaining high quality immunostaining.
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Eisenach-West platforms (2008) During the First World War, Eisenach-West was upgraded during a reorganisation of the hierarchy of railway operations (the introduction of military express trains) to allow the substantial dismantling of the marshalling yard of Eisenach station. The urgently needed facilities of the freight yard were built in the 1920s. At the beginning of the 1930s, an industrial railway was built from the West station to the new Eisenach gasworks. From August 1939, the transport capacity was also substantially increased by the optimising of the timetables for passenger and freight trains, partly at the urging of the potash industry in the Werra potash district.
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In 2016, Marcus was appointed to the faculty in the Department of Population Medicine at Harvard Medical School and the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute. Her research focuses on optimising the implementation of PrEP, including the use of electronic health records and predictive analytics to improve PrEP prescribing. In 2020, she received the Office of Disease Prevention's Early-Stage Investigator Lecture award from the National Institutes of Health. The award recognizes early-career prevention scientists who have not successfully competed for a substantial NIH-supported research project, but who have already made outstanding research contributions to their respective fields and are poised to become future leaders in prevention research.
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A lot of time and care was spent on system performance optimisation, animation details, and audiovisual appeal. To increase the number of simultaneous light sources to four, one programmer spent four months deciphering and rewriting the Nintendo-supplied Japanese- commented microcode for the Nintendo 64's Reality Coprocessor, while another microcoded the support for MP3, reverberation, and Dolby Pro Logic surround sound. A developer also spent weeks optimising the system's ability to display distant backdrops as texture tiles to enhance gameplay navigation and visual appeal. Due in part to its extensive vocal track, Conker's Bad Fur Day is one of the few Nintendo 64 games that features a 64MB cartridge.
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Some athletes prefer to run all of their strides in a curve; this is known as a "C" shape approach. This was the approach used by Fosbury himself but can lead to errors and inconsistencies in speed, foot placement, angle of approach and body attitude at take-off. Fosbury himself cleared the bar with his hands by his sides, whereas some athletes cross the bar with their arms held out to the side or even above their heads, optimising their mass distribution. Studies show that variations in approach, arm technique and other factors can be adjusted to achieve the best performance for each athlete.
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An energy manager, which can also be installed in a home's circuit panel, can manage the house's power flow; provide cost-optimising charging using solar power; and provide blackout protection by reducing the charge to the car if household appliances such as fridges or dryers turn on and exceed the panel's power threshold. The Taycan Turbo has a drag coefficient of , which the manufacturer claims is the lowest of any current Porsche model. The Turbo S model has a slightly higher drag coefficient of . The frontal area is 2.33 m², with a resulting drag area of 0.513 m² and 0.583 m² for the Turbo and Turbo S, respectively.
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Prevention of diabetic foot may include optimising metabolic control via the regulation of blood glucose levels; identification and screening of people at high risk for diabetic foot ulceration, especially those with advanced painless neuropathy; and patient education in order to promote foot self-examination and foot care knowledge. Patients would be taught routinely to inspect their feet for hyperkeratosis, fungal infection, skin lesions and foot deformities. Control of footwear is also important as repeated trauma from tight shoes can be a triggering factor, especially where peripheral neuropathy is present. Evidence is limited that low-quality patient education courses have a long-term preventative impact.
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In economics, a liquidity constraint is a form of imperfection in the capital market which imposes a limit on the amount an individual can borrow, or an alteration in the interest rate they pay. By raising the cost of borrowing or restricting the amount of borrowing, it prevents individuals from fully optimising their behaviour over time as studied by theories of intertemporal consumption. The liquidity constraint affects the ability of households to transfer resources across time periods, as well as across uncertain states of nature, relative to income. Mortgage lending is the cheapest way of an individual borrowing money, but is only available to people with enough savings to buy property.
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Through this, the border between supplicatory prayer and theurgic practice blurs if prayer becomes viewed as a magical process rather than Divine response to petitions. However, Kabbalists censored directly magical Practical Kabbalah willed control of angels for only the most holy, and justified their theurgic prayer as optimising the divine channels through which their prayerful supplication to God ascends. Kabbalists declare one prayers only "to Him (God's essence, "male" here solely in Hebrew's gendered grammer), not to His attributes (sephirot)". To pray to a Divine attribute introduces the cardinal idolatrous sin of division and plurality among the sephirot, separating them from their dependence and nullification in the Absolute Ein Sof Unity.
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Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) is an inventory management practice in which a supplier of goods, usually the manufacturer, is responsible for optimising the inventory held by a distributor. In traditional inventory management, a retailer (sometimes called buyer) makes his or her own decisions regarding the order size, while in VMI the retailer shares their inventory data with a vendor (sometimes called supplier) such that the vendor is the decision-maker who determines the order size for both. Thus, the vendor is responsible for the retailer's ordering cost, while the retailer has to pay for their own holding cost. This policy can prevent stocking undesired inventories and hence can lead to an overall cost reduction.
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The length of time to soak hay for the maximum benefit is debated; however, approximately 30 minutes appears to be the current consensus.J M Clements, R S Pirie (2007) "Respirable dust concentrations in equine stables. Part 2: The benefits of soaking hay and optimising the environment in a neighbouring stable", Res Vet Sci 17467753Proceedings of the British Equine Veterinary Association Congress 2006, "Respiratory Health" Session Feeding from the ground is often thought to be more beneficial than in a hay net, as this allows any mucus to drain out of the lungs. Those horses that must continue to be stabled are normally bedded on paper, or a combination of rubber matting and paper.
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The Malaysian government has stated that the agreements were signed in a different time and that the price should increase. It cites the example of water sold by China to Hong Kong in the past, which was approximately US$5.8 per .Water Supplies Department of Hong Kong Annual Report 2010/11 - Optimising Water Supplies (3.11MB) However, this price comparison is not directly applicable because while Hong Kong has borne the cost of constructing the infrastructure and China has borne the cost of maintaining to provide water to Hong Kong, Singapore paid for all the costs of the reservoirs in Johor, the dams, pipelines, plant, equipment, etc., and Singapore paid all costs of operating and maintaining the infrastructure.
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CHAdeMO has published its V2X protocol in 2014 and as of August 2019, CHAdeMO remains the only standardised charging protocol that defines V2X and has mass-produced cars and chargers (PCS or power conditioners) readily capable of it. V2G technology enables EV owners to use the car as an energy storage and to save costs by optimising energy usage and providing services to the Grid. Since 2012, multiple V2X demo projects using V2X capacities of CHAdeMO protocol have been going on around the world. Some of the recent projects include UCSD INVENT in the United States, as well as Sciurus and e4Future in the United Kingdom that are supported by Innovate UK.
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Due to the reduction in the number of electrical items the wiring loom was reduced in complexity which saved weight and also the battery was replaced with a smaller one, again reducing weight. With the no frills approach meaning less weight, as well as the optimising of the suspension, Porsche could focus media attention on the Club Sport variants fast road and track abilities. This helped to slightly bolster the flagging sales figures in the mid-1990s. The Club Sport variant achieved a 'Performance Car Of The Year' award in 1993 from Performance Car magazine in the UK. Club Sport models were only officially available in the UK, Europe, Japan & Australia, although "grey market" cars found their way elsewhere.
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Roberts said the decision was made early in development since they initially expected the PlayStation Vita could run PlayStation 3 assets at 30 frames per second (fps). The team used code from Wipeout HD as a reference to make the development process more efficient; the art and technical teams of Studio Liverpool worked in parallel. Lovegrove agreed 30 fps was always the goal for the game because the team wanted to prioritise visual quality. In a Eurogamer interview, Roberts said Studio Liverpool was one of the first developers to use a dynamic framebuffer on the PlayStation 3: an algorithm that reduces resolution when the game engine is stressed, maintaining performance and optimising the frame rate.
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PCA Chemical Space for Ethanol Descriptor Chemical Space for THF: ALOGP vs. MW The Open Notebook Science Challenge is a crowdsourcing research project which collects measurements of the non-aqueous solubility of organic compounds and publishes these as open data; findings are reported in an open notebook science manner. Although anyone may contribute research data, the competition is only open to post-secondary students in the USA and UK. The challenge in turn forms part of the UsefulChem project, an ongoing open notebook science effort to synthesize and screen potential new anti-malarial drugs.UsefulChem Data from the Solubility Challenge will be used to build predictive computational models of solubility for use in optimising syntheses.
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Daisy wheel printers are capable of producing simplified graphics in the form of ASCII art. As daisy wheel elements are made of plastic to keep mass and manufacturing costs low, using the period character for graphics would cause unacceptably rapid wear, so plastic elements are offered with a metal insert in this position that lasts much longer. Consideration was also given to optimising graphic printing by changing the glyphs on the daisy wheel to a set that would be able to print all the required bitmap combinations more quickly, without requiring an impact for every single dot. This would have the advantage that vertical dot combinations could be printed in a single impact, without requiring fine rotation control of the platen roller.
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During the dry season Chapman's zebras tend not to stray too far from a water source as they frequently have to drink. During the wet season however, the zebras will join together in large herds consisting of many harems and migrate in order to find abundant food sources to feed on after the relatively sparse dry season They also try to avoid other animal migrations so as to lower competition for food. As they only require lower-quality foraging, Chapman's zebras prefer to migrate to areas with a greater density of food, and will prioritise quantity ahead of quality. By optimising foraging density and avoiding other foraging species, Chapman's zebras are able to sustain large populations which rapidly deplete foraging areas forcing them to continue migrating.
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An urban growth boundary, or UGB, is a regional boundary, set in an attempt to control urban sprawl by, in its simplest form, mandating that the area inside the boundary be used for urban development and the area outside be preserved in its natural state or used for agriculture. Legislating for an "urban growth boundary" is one way, among many others, of managing the major challenges posed by unplanned urban growth and the encroachment of cities upon agricultural and rural land. An urban growth boundary circumscribes an entire urbanized area and is used by local governments as a guide to zoning and land use decisions, and by utilities and other infrastructure providers to improve efficiency through effective long term planning (e.g. optimising sewerage catchments, school districts, etc.).
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One substantial advantage of even the first-generation SARMs developed to date is that they are all orally active without causing liver damage, whereas most anabolic steroids are not active orally and must be injected, and those anabolic steroids that are orally active tend to cause dose-dependent liver damage, which can become life- threatening with excessive use. Research is continuing into more potent and selective SARMs, as well as optimising characteristics such as oral bioavailability and increased half-life in vivo, and seeing as the first tissue-selective SARMs were only demonstrated in 2003, the compounds tested so far represent only the first generation of SARMs and future development may produce more selective agents compared to those available at present.
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However, its 500 litre fuel tanks allowed for the best range at 175 kilometres. In March 1925, Estienne decided to base the future production type on the SRB, as regarded the general form and mechanical parts. However, it would be fitted with the 75 mm gun, a Holt-track to be developed by FCM, which company had completed a special research programme aimed at optimising weight distribution, and the FAMH-suspension (later this would again be discarded). Estienne also had some special requirements: a track tension wheel should be fitted, adjustable from the inside, and a small gangway from the fighting room should improve the accessibility of the engine compartment. Furthermore, the front armour should be increased to 40 millimetres.
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Therefore the goal of economical deployment of a valid model can be achieved by training only the large model on the data, exploiting its better ability to learn concise knowledge representations, and then distilling such knowledge into the smaller model, that would not be able to learn it on its own, by training it to learn the soft output of the large model.Hinton et al. (2015) Model compression, a methodology to compress the knowledge of multiple models into a single neural network, was introduced in 2006. Compression was achieved by training a smaller model on large amounts of pseudo-data labelled by a higher-performing ensemble, optimising to match the logit of the compressed model to the logit of the ensemble.
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The wholly owned service network consist of over 4,500 field services professionals in more than 160 locations in over 70 countries globally, with the installed base of over 180 000 MW. The focus lies on optimising operations and life cycle performance of land based power plants and ship installations.Wartsila Corporate presentation, 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2013. Wärtsilä provides services, spare parts, maintenance, upgrades, and fuel conversions products for medium and low-speed gas and diesel engines and other related systems, propulsion systems, electrical & automation systems, boilers including environmental solutions regarding particulates and NOx, covering scrubber, selective catalytic reduction (SCRs), oxidation catalysts,Wärtsilä Low NOx Solutions Wärtsilä, 2008 ballast water treatment systems and oily- water systems, long-term service agreements, training, condition monitoring, and condition-based maintenance and advisory services.
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The RB4 was a contender for "the best of the rest" title in testing for the 2008 season, with both Webber and Coulthard topping the timesheets. However both drivers had a couple of small incidents, with Coulthard "kissing the wall" between turns 7 and 8 at the Circuit de Catalunya on 19 February 2008, and Webber having some minor kerb damage on the monocoque, which could "not be repaired in time to resume testing" on his first day driving the RB4. Even considering the setbacks and competitive times, the team and both drivers were making sure but steady progress throughout the 2008 testing season, optimising the RB4 to the new rules and regulations. The team was pleased with the car's performance through the testing season before the season opener in Melbourne.
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The Land Rover LRX Concept in 2008 The size of the LRX concept vehicle complemented a wide array of efficiency-improving technologies in the form of Land Rover's e_Terrain technologies. These included biofuel compatibility, lightweight construction materials, and technologies such as the removable carbon composite roof panels, regenerative brakes, a stop-start system, and the ERAD (electric rear axle drive) parallel hybrid powertrain system. Land Rover LRX Concept The ERAD system could propel the LRX to speeds up to before the engine was started by an integrated starter generator as part of the stop-start system. ERAD was designed to reduce emissions by an average of 20% under the NEDC test cycle and was expected to offer another 10% reduction in extra-urban driving situations while also optimising the off-road ability of the vehicle.
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The diver is faced with a problem of optimising for gas volume carried, number of different gases carried, depths at which switches can be made, bottom time, decompression time, gases available for emergency use, and at which depths they become available, both for themself and other members of the team, while using available cylinders and remaining able to manage the cylinders during the dive. This problem can be simplified if staging the cylinders is possible. This is the practice of leaving a cylinder at a point on the return route where it can be picked up and used, possibly depositing the previously used cylinder, which will be retrieved later, or having a support diver supply additional gas. These strategies rely on the diver being reliably able to get to the staged gas supply.
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The goals of paediatric rheumatology nursing care include: assisting in normalising the life of the child after diagnosis; minimising the impact of the child's condition; optimising growth and development; assisting the family in developing realistic, functional and coordinated home care plans; respecting the roles of the families in the care of their children; prevention of disease; and promotion of the overall health of the child. Education on paediatric rheumatology conditions and medications is a core part of the role of the paediatric rheumatology nurse. Empowering the patient, and their family, with age appropriate knowledge and understanding of the child’s condition is crucial. Nurses also work with patients to help them accept and adjust to the hospital setting, and prepare them for medical treatments and procedures in the event they are required.
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A new trailing-edge high- lift device has been adopted with an advanced dropped-hinge flap similar to that of the Airbus A380, which permits the gap between the trailing edge and the flap to be closed with the spoiler. It is a limited morphing wing with adaptive features for continuously optimising the wing loading to reduce fuel burn: variable camber for longitudinal load control where inboard & outboard flaps deflect together and differential flaps setting for lateral load control where inboard & outboard flaps deflect differentially. The manufacturer has extensively used computational fluid dynamics and also carried out more than 4,000 hours of low- and high-speed windtunnel testing to refine the aerodynamic design. The final configuration of wing and winglet was achieved for the "Maturity Gate 5" on 17 December 2008.
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The C10k problem is the problem of optimising network sockets to handle a large number of clients at the same time. The name C10k is a numeronym for concurrently handling ten thousand connections. Note that concurrent connections are not the same as requests per second, though they are similar: handling many requests per second requires high throughput (processing them quickly), while a high number of concurrent connections requires efficient scheduling of connections. In other words, handling many requests per second is concerned with the speed of handling requests, whereas a system capable of handling a high number of concurrent connections does not necessarily have to be a fast system, only one where each request will deterministically return a response within a (not necessarily fixed) finite amount of time.
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LED sensor lights are used throughout the warehouse and in offices to ensure lights are only on when people are in that particular area. The design elements also include passive orientation, solar electricity generation, double glazing, and rain water harvesting, to further reduce impact on the environment. An article published by Sustainability Victoria Ego Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd notes that Ego managed to save $23,000 (AUD) per year from introducing simple changes like optimising the operation of the compressor including repairing leaks, adjusting the zoning and temperature settings for cooling and heating, shutting down equipment at weekends and encouraging staff to turn off lights when not in use. Ego also work with several not-for-profit organisations in a bid to improve skin health in Australia and around the world.
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He claimed that this Law of Abbreviation is a universal structural property of language, hypothesizing that it arises as a result of individuals optimising form-meaning mappings under competing pressures to communicate accurately but also efficiently. Zipf GK. 1935 The Psychobiology of language, an introduction to dynamic philology. Boston, MA: Houghton–Mifflin Zipf GK. 1949 Human behavior and the principle of least effort. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley Since then, the research on this linguistic law has continued and it has been empirically verified for almost a thousand languages of 80 different linguistic families when studying the relationship between the size of words measuring them in terms of number of characters in texts and their frequencies. Bentz C, Ferrer-i-Cancho R. 2016 Zipf’s Law of abbreviation as a language universal.
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Haage & Partner, an Amiga software and hardware manufacturer (which also created AmigaOS 3.9), developed a competing kernel to PowerUP called WarpUP, which they claimed would work around the context switching problem, a claim which would be bitterly challenged by Phase5. Phase5 claimed correctly that this hardware problem could not be circumvented by simply optimising the kernel and was a limitation inherent to the almost unique board design, which shared the memory bus between two CPUs of radically different families. WarpOS versions up to V7 were wrappers added around Phase5's PowerUP kernel but starting from version 8 it was its own PPC kernel running alongside AmigaOS and was renamed WarpOS. As PowerUP was on the EPROM of the boards and Phase5 could not run at the same time with WarpOS, it had to be deactivated by a small software tool.
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In June 1986, there was an international conference in Flevohof, Netherlands, during the International Christian Media Convention (ICMC). With other major Christian broadcasters, Feba entered into the ambitious "World by 2000" commitment to enable everyone to hear about Christianity on the radio in a language that they could understand. In September 1988 there was an international conference in Singapore, and in September, 1991, another international conference in Sheffield, UK, jointly with the FEBC-USA partners. In October 1994 in another international conference in Hove, UK, there was an attempt to move away from the idea of Feba UK being "headquarters" and to try to make each national operation as autonomous as possible despite the practicalities of centralising the schedule of broadcasting through the limited facilities (essentially the antenna coverage) of the one station in Seychelles and optimising its use cost-effectively.
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HIV Resistance Response Database Initiative (RDI) is a not-for-profit organisation established in 2002 with the following mission: To improve the clinical management of HIV infection by developing a large clinical database and bioinformatic techniques that predict accurately any individual's response to any combination of HIV drugs. The RDI has the following specific goals: # To be an independent repository of HIV resistance and treatment outcome data # To use bioinformatics to explore the relationships between resistance, other clinical and laboratory factors and HIV treatment outcome # To develop and make freely available a system to predict treatment response, as an aid to optimising and individualising the clinical management of HIV infection The RDI consists of a small executive group based in the UK, an international advisory group of leading HIV/AIDS scientists and clinicians, and an extensive global network of collaborators and data contributors.
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Within the wider scope of hydrocarbon accounting; all measurements and parameters used for calculations are being deposited in a data storage, results of calculations along with methods used in calculations, are stored in a manner that is accepted by the internal and external audit. Stored results can be further utilised to optimise the reservoir performance of a producing field, possibly optimising the utilisation in case of a transportation system. The hydrocarbon accounting process is emphasizing the tracking of all hydrocarbons through flows until a sale to a customer has occurred or hydrocarbons are disposed for including all fluid discharges, vents and flaring of gas, consumption of gas for power production at the facility, and quantities of evaporation from oil storages. Similarly, measurements of injected flow of water and gas into the reservoir through injection wells are being part of hydrocarbon accounting.
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This is primarily achieved through more fuel-efficient engines and lighter airframes & supporting structures made of composite materials but is also achieved through more aerodynamic shapes, winglets, a "one-piece" fuselage and more advanced computer systems for optimising routes and loading of the aircraft. While late model jet aircraft are significantly more fuel efficient (and thus emit less in particular) than the earliest jet airliners,IATA/ATAG, Aviation & the Environment (1999) "Aircraft fuel efficiency has improved by some 50 percent over the past 30 years"Peeters P.M., Middel J., Hoolhorst A. (2005). Fuel efficiency of commercial aircraft — An overview of historical and future trends. National Aerospace Laboratory. NLR-CR-2005-669, 37pp. new airliner models in the 2000s were barely more efficient on a seat-mile basis than the latest piston-powered airliners of the late-1950s (e.g.
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Five isolated heavy duty railways for the cartage of iron ore in the Pilbara region of Western Australia have always been private concerns operated as part of the production line between mine and port, initially commencing in 1966 with Goldsworthy Mining Associates' Goldsworthy railway, and recently in 2008 with Fortescue Metals Group's Fortescue railway and in 2015 with Roy Hill Holdings' Roy Hill railway. These lines are continually optimising axle loads (currently the heaviest in the world) and train lengths, that have pushed the limit of the wheel to rail interface and led to much useful research of value to railways worldwide. An open access sixth standard gauge iron ore network was proposed to the Oakajee Port in the Mid-West region to the south of the Pilbara but the project is currently on hold pending a viable business case.
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He founded and pioneered the Comprehensive Kidney Transplant Programme at Fortis Hospital, Mohali in 2011, currently, the chief of Urology and Kidney transplantation also serves as the academic chairman of the National Board for super speciality training in urology at the same hospital. He is also the Executive Director & Chairman of the TransCare group & services, which has announced a new beginning in the long-term outcome of transplant recipients by optimising the Immunosuppression & follow-up protocols. Apart from Paediatric Kidney Transplants, Double or Triple Vessel Kidney Transplants, ABO Incompatible Kidney Transplants and Swap Kidney Transplants, he conceptualised a mobile application by the name of iKidney for the facilitation of Swap Kidney transplant. Ranjan is an active faculty at numerous Urological and Kidney Transplantation forums across the globe and has 35 international publications in leading journals of the world.
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A lot of spatial data being generated by various institutions using high-end technology by untrained manpower, being inconsistent in accuracies and unrelated to any meta-data standards on account of lack of professional supervision, cannot be put to universal use in a multi-disciplinary environment. Such efforts, although meeting a limited requirement, do not contribute to the national need of a standardised spatial data base and are often found wanting in accuracy when integrated with a regional or national perspective. For deriving full benefits and optimising the use of resources, knowledge of the fundamentals of land surveying and various methodologies of interfacing them with the new technologies has, therefore, become an inescapable requirement for all technologists and planners engaged in generation and manipulation of spatial information. Survey Education deals with the concepts and methodologies of gathering, processing and representing geo-spatial data in a defined form and format.
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In the event of complete hydraulic failure, the aircraft can be practically flown without any augmentation. The controls incorporate an artificial feel system, optimising the sensations perceivable to the operating pilot to be smooth, predictable, and precise.McClennan 1987, pp. 34–35. On the Falcon 200, the cockpit is heavily modernised, being more comparable with the newer Falcon 50 than the original Falcon 20. The Falcon 20 is powered by a pair of rear-mounted turbofan engines; most commonly powered by a pair of General Electric CF700 engines, the type has also been powered by alternative powerplants, including the Garrett TFE731 and Garrett ATF3 engines.McClennan 1987, pp. 32, 34. The adoption of newer engines often had the benefit of improving the Falcon 20's range in addition to increased speed and climb rate; this, in combination with its low-drag fuselage, required more careful speed planning than the majority of business jets.
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The fundamental decision in choice of cylinders is whether the entire gas supply for the dive is to be carried in one set, or is to be divided into more than one set for different parts of the dive. Diving with a single cylinder is logistically simple, and makes all the gas available for breathing throughout the dive, but can not take advantage of optimising the breathing gas for decompression, or having an independent emergency supply that does not rely on the presence of a dive buddy where and when needed. A single cylinder puts the diver in a position of dependence on the buddy for alternative breathing gas in case of an emergency cutting off the main air supply, unless the option of a free ascent is acceptable. Diving with multiple cylinders is done for three basic reasons, or a combination of the three.
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In optimising the design of an evaporator, another important consideration is the steam economy (kg of solvent evaporated per kilogram of steam used). The best way to achieve high economies (which can be well over 100%) is to use multiple effect evaporator, whereby the vapour from one evaporator – or effect – is used to heat the feed in the next effect, where boiling occurs at lower pressure and temperature Perry, R and Green, D. Perry’s Chemical Engineering Handbook. sect. 11-107 p 1141 Thermo-compression of the vapour, whereby the vapour will condense at a temperature high enough to be reused for the next effect through compression, will also increase efficiency. However, increased energy efficiency can only be achieved through higher capital costs and a general rule is the larger the system, the more it will pay back to increase the thermal efficiency of the evaporator.
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Because of the need to reduce development time and costs, the "styling" design model is usually developed in parallel with the engineering 3D design. While there is an increasing amount of digital design input in the modern OEM design process, nearly all major motorcycle manufacturers still rely on full scale clay models to render the master style model, then scan and import the styling surfaces into suitable 3D software packages (Alias, CATIA, ISEM Surf) for integration into the 3D engineering CAD platform (CATIA, ProEngineer, etc.). Once combined, the design team can virtually refine the motorcycle by optimising component assembly, checking for any undesirable interferences between parts, and predict and eliminate possible engineering problems. Typically, designers and engineers will have the greatest number of conflicts during this phase of development, as designers will fight to maintain the original styling and design of the clay model and artwork into the production vehicle, while the engineer will eliminate all problems in the most efficient manner possible.
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Worthington is an Adjunct LecturerPeople: ANU College of Engineering & Computer Science, The Australian National University, 2012 in the Research School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science at the Australian National University, where he teaches ICT Sustainability, the design of web sites and use of e-commerce systems. He is also a member of the ANU Energy Change InstituteParticipants: ANU Energy Change Institute, The Australian National University, 2012 and the ANU Climate Change Institute.ANU Climate Change Research, Climate Change Institute, Australian National University, 2013 Previously he worked as a civilian public servantDefence and Government on the Web: Balancing public information provision with security, Tom Worthington, Special Adviser Defence Internet/Intranet Policy, Department of Defence, Paper for Optimising Open Source Information, Canberra, 7–8 October 1998 employed by the Australian Department of Defence in the Australian Defence Force Headquarters, writing InternetUse of the Internet By Defence Personnel, Australian Department of Defence, Departmental Circular Memorandum No 32/96, 9 April 1996. and web policy.
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This will extend the high-lift devices and the ailerons, making the chord bigger by around 400 mm, optimising flap lift performance as well as cruise performance. The main landing gear is a 6-wheel bogie instead of a 4-wheel bogie, put in a one frame longer bay. The Rolls-Royce Trent XWB engine's thrust is augmented to . These and other engineering upgrades are necessary so that the −1000 model maintains range. In 2011, Airbus redesigned the A350-1000 with higher weights and a more powerful engine variant for more range for trans-Pacific operations which will boost its appeal to Cathay Pacific and Singapore Airlines, which committed to 20 777–9, and United Airlines, which could turn to 777-300ERs to replace its 747-400s. Emirates was disappointed with the changes and cancelled its order for 50 A350-900s and 20 A350-1000s instead of changing the whole order to the larger variant.
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INDECT is a research project in the area of intelligent security systems performed by several European universities since 2009 and funded by the European Union. Project's Grant Agreement The purpose of the project is to involve European scientists and researchers in the development of solutions to and tools for automatic threat detection Official website through e.g. processing of CCTV camera data streams, EU funding 'Orwellian' artificial intelligence plan to monitor public for "abnormal behaviour" standardization of video sequence quality for user applications, Optimising task-based video quality - Springer threat detection in computer networks INACT — INDECT Advanced Image Cataloguing Tool - Springer as well as data and privacy protection. Benefits for the security of citizens & selected tools and applications — indect-home Overview of Recent Advances in CCTV Processing Chain in the INDECT and INSIGMA Projects The area of research, applied methods and techniques are described in the public deliverables Public Deliverables which are available to the public on the project's website.
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This can be seen as a shortcut to viable fusion power until more efficient pure fusion technologies can be developed, or as an end in itself to generate power, and also consume existing stockpiles of nuclear fissionables and waste products. In the LIFE project at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LLNL, using technology developed at the National Ignition Facility, the goal is to use fuel pellets of deuterium and tritium surrounded by a fissionable blanket to produce energy sufficiently greater than the input (laser) energy for electrical power generation. The principle involved is to induce inertial confinement fusion (ICF) in the fuel pellet which acts as a highly concentrated point source of neutrons which in turn converts and fissions the outer fissionable blanket. In parallel with the ICF approach, the University of Texas at Austin is developing a system based on the tokamak fusion reactor, optimising for nuclear waste disposal versus power generation.
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Sidra Intersection includes fixed-time / pretimed (EQUISAT) and actuated signal timing analysis methods for intersections with any geometry allowing for simple as well as complex phasing arrangements. In addition to the traditional methods for signalised intersection cycle time (practical, optimum and user- given) and green split methods, it includes advanced signal timing methods such as a unique critical movement analysis method, variable phasing analysis, green split priority for coordinated or user-specified movements, and allows the use of two green periods for modeling slip / bypass lanes, permitted- protected turns, and turn on red. Network signal timing methods are available to determine cycle time (practical, optimum and user-given), green times and signal offsets for coordination of signalised intersections controlled by separate signal controllers as well as Common Control Group timings for intersections running under a single signal controller. The lane-based network model includes detailed movements of vehicle platoons with lane changes between signalised intersections for assessing the efficiency of signal coordination and optimising signal timings for signalised intersection networks.
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The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) was promoted by the government as an open media policy reform and was fortified with strong regulatory teeth. The establishment of PEMRA was initiated in 2000, during President Musharraf's term; through the formation of the Regulatory Authority for Media Broadcast Organisations (RAMBO) which was mandated to improve standards of information, education and entertainment; expand the choice available to the people of Pakistan in the media for news, current affairs, religions knowledge, art, culture, science, technology, economic development, social sector concerns, music, sport, drama and other subjects of public and national interest; facilitate the devolution of responsibility and power to grass roots by improving the access to mass media at the local and community level; and lastly, to ensure accountability, transparency and good governance by optimising the free flow of information. Many pro-democratic campaigners consider this four-point mandate to be a solid foundation supporting democracy processes and comprehensive media liberalisation. However, the general opinion among media practitioners is that PEMRA only acted as a licence issuing office that has implemented regulatory barriers for broadcasters.
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The agreement is in place to allow the club to continue to renovate the stadium with the goal of optimising in-stadium services for fans and maximising matchday attendance and revenue, but many of the goals envisioned were unattainable due to the financial crisis of Parmalat who were part of the same corporate group as Parma A.C.. Despite the financial misery, the club – now re-formed under the name of Parma F.C. in 2004 – sought to continue to work to its goals and the summer of 2006 saw the upper part of the Tribuna Est removed in preparation for a new grandstand. The tragic death of Parma fan Matteo Bagnaresi led supporters to change the name of the Curva Nord to the Curva Nord Matteo Bagnaresi in his honour. On 31 March 2008, Bagnaresi, a member of Boys Parma 1977, a group of over 100 Parma ultras, was run over on the way to Turin's Stadio Olimpico by a coach which was carrying the opposition Juventus fans, although the extent of intent is not known.
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As a result of his work as a design engineer at the Kappel embroidery machine factory, Zahn was familiar with the technology of a shuttle embroidery machine operating according to the system introduced by Isaac Gröbli. During his time in Switzerland, he had got to know the further development work to produce automatic embroidery machines with a jacquard loom mechanism, which were controlled using a punched tape. At that time, the automatic machines were made in line with the patents of J. Arnold Gröbli, a son of Isaak Gröbli and brother of the mathematician Walter Gröbli, by Kursheedt Manufacturing Co. in the USA for the automated embroidery factory in Rorschach. As Zahn had successfully worked on optimising the Gröbli automatic embroidery machines in Switzerland, an exclusive licensing deal was signed between Feldmühle AG in Rorschach and VOMAG in Plauen in 1900 to manufacture automatic embroidery machines. This marked the start of the Plauen engineering company’s rise to become the world’s largest producer of embroidery machines. At Zahn’s suggestion and in line with his outline sketches, a design team improved the Gröbli automatic machines with an associated embroidery punch machine in 1908.
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The initial attempt at launching a digital terrestrial broadcasting service, ONdigital (later called ITV Digital), was unsuccessful and the company went into liquidation. Some observers have argued that this failure stemmed from the Government's eagerness in having sold off too much TV spectrum to launch Channel 5 (the last UK terrestrial analogue channel), and ONdigital's short-sightedness in over-extending its use of available bandwidth: using poor signal encoding to maintain compatibility with early set-top boxes, optimising their broadcasts for capacity rather than reliability, and cramming too many channels into the available bandwidth. ITV Digital was replaced in late 2002 by Freeview, which uses the same DVB-T technology, but with higher levels of error correction and more robust (but lower-capacity) modulation on the "Public Service" multiplexes in an attempt to counter the reception problems which dogged its predecessor. Rather than concentrating on Pay TV services, Freeview uses the available capacity to provide a free-to-air service that includes all the existing five free-to-air analogue terrestrial channels and about twenty new digital channels. All services are transmitted in standard definition—576i in the UK—many using an anamorphic widescreen format.
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Often organisations promote the allocation of the Project Owner role to the service owner or asset owner with the goal of providing more certainty that the project will meet these owner's fundamental needs, which is also a critical project success measure. However, the result of this approach can involve wasteful scope inclusions and failure to achieve alternative stakeholder and customer requirements: #The benefit of the doubt goes to the stakeholder allocated with the Project Owner responsibility, skewing the project outcome; #Project Owner requirements receive less scrutiny, reducing innovation and reducing outcome efficiency; #Different skill sets surround Project ownership, Asset ownership and Service ownership placing sound project decision making and procedure at risk; #Operational needs always prevail, placing the project at risk of being neglected during such times; #Project contingencies are at risk of being allocated to additional scope for the stakeholder allocated project ownership. The only proven mechanism for ensuring projects meet customer and stakeholder needs, while optimising value for money, is to allocate Project ownership to specialist party, that otherwise would not be a stakeholder to the project. This is principle No. 2 of project governance.
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