317 Sentences With "oared" | Random Sentence Generator

"Did crew work" in this puzzle refers to rowing crew, and the answer is OARED.

As the rowbarge - an ornate, gold-leaf and crest-bedecked vessel powered by 18 rowers - oared its way down river like something from a Canaletto painting, a flotilla of small floating automobiles putted by in the other direction.

The show's actions are oared by ideas about belonging (Gelo adjusting to college life), success (Lonzo navigating his rookie season on the Lakers; the family's apparel company, Big Baller Brand), and commitment (Tina's recovery becomes a major arc of the series).

The second half of the book comprises an experiment called an "album quilt," a montage of "fragments" of varying length from pieces done across the years, a mix of buffed and whittled snippets in which Joan Baez leads to Thomas Wolfe, and a profile of Barbra Streisand gives way to a disquisition on oared ships, and young Time magazine McPhee alternates with wise New Yorker McPhee.

She had 42 cannons and was the Royal Navy's last oared fighting ship.

Then he found himself in a four-oared cablet and the Sea became very Rough.

The event is also notable for the fact that both crews rowed in eight oared boats, specially built for the purpose. Such recreational as occurred at this time was usually conducted in pairs, or four or six oared cutters. The fact the racing was conducted in eight oared boats gave rise to the event being known as Eights. Brasenose College and Jesus College recontested the event in 1816, with Brasenose again triumphing.

Mussel Beach had the remains of a whaling station and a 6-oared whaling boat in 1877.

The NCAA Division II championship consists of an eight-oared shells and four-oared shell competition . The Division III championship involved both varsity and second varsity eights competing in the same event until 2012. Beginning in 2013, the V-1 and V-2 boats compete in separate events.

Josh wins single scull race. 2 miles, in 15:37. He also won in six oared race, rowing in “Banker” with George Shaw, R. Marvel, W. Tuttle, C. Shaw, P. Hunt: 3 miles, in 1837 the best time ever made by six oared crew on 3 mile course.

Ann Glanville (1796–1880) was a Cornishwoman who achieved national celebrity for rowing a four-oared watermen's boat.

Josh, Charles, Hank, Gilbert and Ellis Ward with Jere L. Raymond (Ossining) defeat Harvard crew again: 3 mile turning course (1.5 + 1.5), in 17:40 the fastest time ever made by a six oared crew over 3 mile turning course. 1871: SEPT. 11 International Regatta at Saratoga Lake, N.Y. Josh, Ellis, Hank and Gilbert Ward gain the world championship by defeating five other four oared crews: 2 miles & turn (4 miles), in 24:40 the fastest time ever made by a four oared crew over 4 miles.

The first sweep oared win did not come until 1888 and that was a Junior Senior IV at Walton Regatta.

With the addition of Georgetown University in 1900 and Syracuse University in 1901, the eight-oared varsity race had grown to 6 colleges. Courtney's crew won the four-mile (6 km) event in world record time of 18 minutes 53 1/5 seconds. From 1901 to 1916, Courtney's Cornell team won 11 of 16 Intercollegiate Rowing Association varsity eight-oared championships, with Columbia winning in 1914 and Syracuse winning in 1904, 1908, 1913, and 1916. During that same time, his freshman eight-oared crew won 10 IRA championships.

Cornell's 1895 Henley Royal Regatta Varsity Crew. Colson on ground (left) 1898 Cornell Varsity 8 oared Rowing Team. Colson on ground (right) Colson started Cornell University in the fall of 1893. After rowing for the freshman crew in the summer of 1894, he made the Cornell varsity eight-oared team in his sophomore year under Coach Charles E. Courtney.

Notable victories included winning the Childs Cup over Pennsylvania in 1885 and 1887, and winning the Downing Cup in The People's Regatta at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1888.Hewett, pp. 248–249 The 1891 Cornell team To gain some respect, in the fall of 1888, it was decided that the 1889 Cornell crew would switch from a four-oared varsity crew to an eight-oared varsity crew.Hewett, p.

Four-oared yal of Boat-Base Monterey sailing in Moss Landing, California, 2002 Length – 5.26 m Width – 1.61 m This yal is able to carry up to eight people. The four-oared yal is rigged with a split-lug sail on a single mast, and sometimes can be supplied with outboard motor. Often referred to as a "gig" (gichka in Russian).Able to transport light goods or people.

They were given the title of four- oared "World Champions". The crew were given a hero's welcome on returning to Newcastle. Clasper then sold the Lord Ravensworth for £80.

The Ward brothers were four members of one family who rowed as a team and sometimes individually. They were declared World Champions after a four-oared race in 1871.

Casson (1995), p. 123 Oared military vessels built on the British Isles in the 11th to 13th centuries were based on Scandinavian designs, but were nevertheless referred to as "galleys".

Robert Black (born 25 September 1995) is an Australian rower. He is a national champion, a national representative in sculling and sweep-oared boats and twice an U23 World Champion.

Instead the new governor landed at Mindoro and was transported to the capital by an oared vessel. He arrived in Manila and took possession of the government on August 2, 1633.

In the great wars of the 5th century BC, such as the Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, the trireme was the heaviest type of warship used by the Mediterranean navies. The trireme (Greek: triērēs, "three-oared") was propelled by three banks of oars, with one oarsman each. During the early 4th century BC, however, variants of the trireme design began to appear: the invention of the quinquereme (Gk. pentērēs, "five-oared") and the hexareme (Gk.

Joyce's senior rowing was done from three Melbourne clubs - Hawthorn, Yarra Yarra and the Banks Rowing Club. She was a sweep oared rower in the days when national and world championship lightweight titles for women's fours were contested in sweep oared boats. Joyce raced in Victorian representative women's crews who contested the Victoria Cup at the Interstate Regatta. Till 1998 that race was in lightweight coxless four and Joyce raced in Victorian fours in 1996, 1997 and 1998.

But that same year, he and Lavens joined forces to help win the Four-Oared Shell competition for the Pennsylvania Barge Club. Another Eakins painting (unfinished) may commemorate that June 17, 1874 victory.

It was named Catherine Rashleigh after William's wife, who was another of the major donors towards its cost. The first, six-oared, lifeboat was replaced in 1866 by a larger ten-oared boat, the Rochdale and Catherine Rashleigh, which meant that the boathouse had to be altered. So far the official name had been "Fowey Lifeboat Station" but in 1892 it became "Polkerris". In 1895 it changed again to the compromise of "Polkerris and Fowey", but in 1904 it reverted to "Polkerris".

To coach at Harvard he received a leave of absence from Cornell for the spring term. In addition to coaching, he did research work and attended lectures in the Harvard law school. In Harvard’s annual intercollegiate regatta on the Thames with Yale. Colson’s Harvard crew split the two races, Yale capturing the eight-oared four-mile race by eight boat lengths, while Harvard took the four-oared two-mile race by a length after a Yale rower broke his oarlock.

For cargo transport, the Byzantines usually commandeered ordinary merchantmen as transport ships (phortēgoi) or supply ships (skeuophora). These appear to have been mostly sailing vessels, rather than oared. The Byzantines and Arabs also employed horse-transports (hippagōga), which were either sailing ships or galleys, the latter certainly modified to accommodate the horses. Given that the chelandia appear originally to have been oared horse-transports, this would imply differences in construction between the chelandion and the dromōn proper, terms which otherwise are often used indiscriminately in literary sources.

Jared Bidwell (born 13 July 1987 in Hamilton, Queensland) is an Australian rower. He was a Queensland state representative in both sculling and sweep- oared boats and an Australian silver-medal winning representative at world championships.

Robyn Selby Smith (born 26 November 1980 in Melbourne) is an Australian former rower. She is a national champion, a three-time world champion and an Olympian whose international success came in sweep-oared heavyweight crews.

See also the Paris Crew. 1868: JULY 4, On Charles River at Boston. Ward brothers win six oared race, defeating the Saint John crew again and Harvard University crew. 1868: JULY, On Lake Quinsigamond at Worcester.

Hamish Parry (born 3 April 1994) is an Australian representative lightweight rower. He is a nine-time national champion in both sculling and sweep-oared crews and has sculled at underage and senior world championships since 2013.

Batten competed twice at the Australian Rowing Championships in the men's Interstate Eight-Oared Championship – the King's Cup. He stroked the Queensland King's Cup eight in 1988 and he raced in the victorious Victorian crew of 1990.

Such recreational rowing as occurred at this time was usually conducted in pairs, or four or six oared cutters. The fact the racing was conducted in eight oared boats gave rise to the event being known as Eights. In the early days of Oxford college rowing, these two colleges were the only crews competing, and were joined shortly thereafter by Christ Church and Exeter. Students would row to the inn at Sandford-on-Thames, a few miles south of Oxford, and race each other on the way back.

The novice squad usually fields a freshman eight-oared boat (8+), and if the team is big enough, a second eight, and/or a four-oared boat (4+). In some collegiate conferences excluding the EARC and Intercollegiate Rowing Association (IRA), collegiate freshmen/novice can also compete as part of the varsity squad. At the 2012 IRA Steward's annual meeting it was voted to repeal the ban on freshmen competing as part of their varsity squad. In the league the term 'First Year Collegiate Rower' will now be used to describe Freshmen/Novice rowing.

The Australian Universities Boat Race began in 1870 when four oared crews representing Sydney and Melbourne Universities competed over a three-and-a-half-mile course on the Yarra River (Melbourne). Members of the crews also took part in the first cricket match between the two universities. The first race was won by Melbourne in 31 minutes and 4 seconds. The 2-man of the losing Sydney crew was Edmund Barton, who went on to become the first Prime Minister of Australia. The first eight oared race between Australian Universities was conducted in 1888.

The sport of rowing became significantly more popular starting in the 1880s. In its early years, the New Rochelle Rowing Club’s Annual Regatta attracted as many as 1000 members and spectators to the events on Echo Bay. As the club expanded, the club bought new boats, including new four oared gigs with which they went on to claim more racing titles. The popularity of eight oared rowing did not hit until 1908 when they borrowed a boat from the New York Athletic Club and won a major match race.

The famous 2nd century BC Nike of Samothrace, standing atop the prow of an oared warship, most probably a trihemiolia. From the 4th century BC on, new types of oared warships appeared in the Mediterranean Sea, superseding the trireme and transforming naval warfare. Ships became increasingly large and heavy, including some of the largest wooden ships hitherto constructed. These developments were spearheaded in the Hellenistic Near East, but also to a large extent shared by the naval powers of the Western Mediterranean, more specifically Carthage and the Roman Republic.

The Wards beat the Biglin brothers for the professional four-oared championship of America. 1866: SEPT. 20 at Springfield, Mass. Josh wins single scull race against Walter Brown, Doyle and McKiel: 2 miles, in 15:59. 1867: SEPT.

She still figured in representative crews in 2014 rowing at both World Rowing Cups in sweep- oared boats and then in her final Australian appearance in the women's eight who placed fourth at the 2014 World Rowing Championships in Amsterdam.

Dutch ships ramming Spanish galleys in the Battle of the Narrow Seas, October 1602. Oared vessels remained in use in northern waters for a long time, though in subordinate role and in particular circumstances. In the Italian Wars, French galleys brought up from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic posed a serious threat to the early English Tudor navy during coastal operations. The response came in the building of a considerable fleet of oared vessels, including hybrids with a complete three- masted rig, as well as a Mediterranean-style galleys (that were even attempted to be manned with convicts and slaves).

Again rowing stroke he and three others took the purse at the Henley Regatta in June 1845. At the Thames Regatta the same month Coombes and Wilson beat a number of pairs for the grand prize of a new wherry and a purse of sixty guineas. In 1847 Coombes and his brother Thomas beat R & H Clasper in a pair-oared match with coxswains and for £100 a side on the Thames. The Coombes and Clasper brothers were not always rivals as the four teamed up, with another Clasper as cox, to win the four-oared Champion prize in 1849.

The NCAA currently hosts championships for Division I, Division II and Division III colleges, with Divisions II and III having been added in 2002. NCAA Division I requires colleges to enter two eight-oared shells and one four-oared shell in the team championship. The championship is restricted to eleven conference champions (American, ACC, A10, Big Ten, Big 12, CAA, Ivy, MAAC, Pac-12, Patriot, and WCC) as automatic qualifiers and eleven at-large schools for a total of twenty-two teams. The at-large teams are selected by the NCAA Division I Women's Rowing Committee.

Islay Lee (born 4 October 1949) is an Australian former rower. He was a fifteen-time national champion in both sculls (four times) and sweep-oared boats (eleven times), a national representative at world championships and a dual Olympian. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics. From 1976 to 1980 he was Australia's prominent sweep-oared stroke, setting the pace in Sydney Rowing Club crews which won five successive national titles in the coxed four, three successive titles in a coxed pair, and in three successive King's Cups winning New South Wales selection eights.

After accepting an estimate of £140 for the works, local contractors were engaged. Instead of building a new lifeboat, the RNLI proposed to move and reallocate the existing lifeboat at Sea Palling in Norfolk, England. Built in 1858 as a 30ft x 7ft 6inch, 10-oared self-righter, after sailing to a boatyard in London she was altered and lengthened to a 36ft x 8ft, 12-oared self-righter at a cost of £198. Conveyed from London to Caernarfon free of charge by the London & North Western Railway, she was then sailed south to Porthdinllaen, arriving on 26 August 1864.

These appear to have been mostly sailing vessels, rather than oared. The Byzantines and Arabs also employed horse-transports (hippagōga), which were either sailing ships or galleys, the latter certainly modified to accommodate the horses. Given that the chelandia appear originally to have been oared horse-transports, this would imply differences in construction between the chelandion and the dromōn proper, terms which otherwise are often used indiscriminately in literary sources. While the dromōn was developed exclusively as a war galley, the chelandion would have had to have a special compartment amidships to accommodate a row of horses, increasing its beam and hold depth.

Young, p. 43 1901 Cornell Varsity eight-oar rowing team In 1901, Cornell returned to championship form when it won the Varsity eight- oared race at the Intercollegiate Rowing Association Regatta. By this time, Cornell had to compete with more college crews.

He was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and his father Hugh rowed for England at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, winning a bronze medal in the eight-oared race. Porter began his rowing career in his second year at the University of Victoria.

Karl Parker (born 2 October 1978) is an Australian former lightweight rower who represented at World Championships in both sculling and sweep-oared boats. He was an U23 Australian national and world champion, and won a bronze medal at the 2000 World Rowing Championships.

74–77) the Arabs with their heavy and slow ships (koumbaria), to the small and fast craft (akatia, chiefly monoxyla), of the Slavs and Rus'. On campaign, following the assembly of the various squadrons at fortified bases (aplēkta) along the coast, the fleet consisted of the main body, composed of the oared warships, and the baggage train (touldon) of sailing vessels and oared transports, which would be sent away in the event of battle. The battle fleet was divided into squadrons, and orders were transmitted from ship to ship through signal flags (kamelaukia) and lanterns. The Byzantine fleet repels the Rus' attack on Constantinople in 941.

Amber Bradley (born 19 May 1980 in Wickham, Western Australia) is an Australian former rower - a six time Australian national sculling champion, a two time World Champion, dual Olympian and an Olympic medal winner. She won her World Championships in both sculling and sweep-oared boat classes.

Sonia Mills (born 24 January 1980) is an Australian former rower – an Australian national champion, world champion and an Olympian. She had world championship success in both sculls and in sweep-oared boat classes. She competed in the women's double sculls event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

An 8 oared sweep racing shell (8+). ; Ambidextrous :(UK) A rower who can row both on stroke side and bow side. (US) A rower who can row both on the starboard and port sides of the boat. In the US this is also known as bisweptual.

Also in Australia, an I Zingari Rowing Club was established in Adelaide in 1882; it was renamed Adelaide Rowing Club shortly afterwards, but retains the same colours and motto as the English cricket club and the club's eight oared boats have all been named "I Zingari".

Since then have returned to the center of the first division. In the May Bumps, St Catharine's 1st women's IV rose quickly to 3rd in 1989. When the races were reorganised following the change to eight-oared boats, the 1st women's VIII were placed in 8th.

He was considered an expert on the Greek trireme, the oared warship of the Athenian classical golden age, and is best known as one of the founders in 1982, with Charles Willink, another classics teacher, John Coates, a naval architect, and Frank Welsh, a banker, the Trireme Trust, to test his theories about the Athenian trireme by building a full-size reconstruction. In 1984, the Greek Government promised funding, and in 1987 the Olympias was commissioned. With R. T. Williams, Morrison wrote Greek Oared Ships: 900–322 BC;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1968; 2nd edition with N. B. Rankov as additional contributor, 1986 Long Ships and Round Ships (1980);HMSO, London, 1980 with John Coates, The Athenian Trireme: the History and Reconstruction of an Ancient Greek Warship (1986);Cambridge University Press, 1986 with J. F. Coates, Greek and Roman Oared Warships (1996);Oxbow Books, Oxford, 1996 and other works. His elder daughter, Annis Garfield, the classicist and author, was an alumna of Girton College, and was voted the most beautiful girl in Cambridge in 1968.

Duncan Seth Free (born 25 May 1973) is a retired Australian rower and Olympic gold medallist. He is dual Olympian and two-time world champion who represented Australia at four world rowing championships in both sculls and sweep oared boats. He was a six-time Australian national sculling champion.

On June 13 the party departed Michilimackinac bound for Sault Ste. Marie escorted by a twelve-oared barge carrying a military detachment intended to overawe the Native Americans. At Sault Ste. Marie, Cass called a council of the Ojibwa to obtain their permission to establish an Indian agency.

Men's quad final at London 2012. Chris Morgan (born 15 December 1982) is an Australian rower. He is a national champion, two-time world champion, dual Olympian and Olympic medal winner from Adelaide, South Australia. He won world championships in both sculls and in sweep-oared boat classes.

Roderick Chisholm (born 19 June 1974) is a British lightweight class former rower who represented both Great Britain and Australia at world championships. He is an Australian national champion, a World Champion and a dual Olympian who competed at the world class level in both sculls and in sweep-oared boats.

Nymphaion or Nymphaeum () was an ancient Greek colony in Illyria. It was used as a harbourCharlton T. LewisGeorge W. Mooney, Ed. by the Syracusian colony of Lissus. It was located three miles away from Lissos.Greek and Roman oared warships It was mentioned by Pliny the Elder (23 CE – 79), LucanusLuc.

An example of a similar calligram, depicting a 17th-century oared ship, is in the collection of the Topkapı Palace Museum in Istanbul, Turkey.Ekhtiar, Maryam, Sheila R. Canby, Navina Haidar, and Priscilla P. Soucek, ed. Masterpieces from the Department of Islamic Art in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1st ed.

Maia Simmonds (born 8 June 1986 in Perth) is an Australian rower. She is a three-time national champion, rowed for her home state of Western Australia in both lightweight and heavyweight crews, in sculling and sweep-oared boats and won a silver medal at the 2014 World Rowing Championships.

The first ship to be named Marietta by the Navy, she was a 5 gun, 28-oared row gunboat. She was built from 1803 to 1805 by Edward W. Tupper of Marietta, Ohio, as part of the fleet of gunboats President Thomas Jefferson planned to use as America's first line of coastal defense.

Clasper had already started to build a new four-oared boat, called The Five Brothers. The completed boat had a five-strake, mahogany hull that had been French polished. It also had outriggers, as had the previous boat, the St Agnes. Outriggers had been used before, but were not universally in use.

The Biglin Brothers were quickly challenged to a race on a five-mile course at Sing Sing by Josh Ward, who had organized four man team from his brothers, Gil, Charles, and Hank. On September 25 the Ward Brothers (rowers) beat the Biglin brothers for the professional four-oared championship of America.

During the classical age of oared galleys, the Greeks dominated the Mediterranean while the Athenians dominated the other Greeks. They used thousands of lower- class citizens to serve as rowers in the fleet.The Lost Technology of Ancient Greek,John R. Hale, Publisher: Scientific American, Vol. 274, No. 5 (MAY 1996), pp. 82-85.

In modern historical literature, "galley" is occasionally used as a general term for various types of oared vessels larger than boats, though the "true" galley is defined as the ships belonging to the Mediterranean tradition.Anderson (1962), pp. 1, 42; Lehmann (1984), p. 12 The English-built Charles Galley, a "galley frigate" built in the 1670s.

200 After its introduction, the rambade became a standard detail on every fighting galley until the very end of galley era in the early 19th century.Lehmann (1984), pp. 32–33 In the mid-17th century, galleys reached what has been described as their "final form".Jan Glete, "The Oared Warship" in Gardiner & Lavery (1992), p.

The first attested bumps race, and the first attested race between two clubs anywhere in the world, took place in Oxford in 1815. This was between two eights from Brasenose College and Jesus College.Burnell, p. 26 The fact the racing was conducted in eight-oared boats gave rise to the event being known as Eights.

Although it carried mast and sail, it was less efficient as a sailing ship.. The Mycenaean galley offered certain advantages. Although lighter compared to the oared-sailing ship of the Minoans of Crete, it seated more rowers. Its steering mechanism was a triangular steering oar, a forerunner of the latter steering oar of Archaic era..

"Rowing: Men's Four-Oared Shell Without Coxswain". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. pp. 796-7. During the fifth race of the sailing Finn event near Busan, Canada's Lawrence Lemieux was in second place when he noticed Joseph Chan of Singapore in the water from his capsized boat.

In the same year, 54 four or six oared galleys worked from Deal. These were lighter boats of between 21 to 30 feet in length. They could be sailed as well as rowed, setting a dipping lug on a single mast. They were used for taking passengers out to ships in the Downs and for boarding and landing pilots.

Then at the 2003 World Rowing Championships in Milan he raced in the two seat of the quad scull to a silver medal. In 2004 McBryde switched to sweep-oared boats. He was selected to compete at the 2004 World Rowing Championships in a lightweight coxless pair with Tim O'Callaghan. They rowed to a fourth placing.

Herbert Roger Morris (July 16, 1915 - July 22, 2009) was an American rower, born in Seattle, who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. In 1936, he won the gold medal as a member of the American boat in the eights competition. He manned the bow position on the University of Washington crew that won the eight-oared gold medal.

In Mercantile club colours she contested all three sweep-oared women's heavyweight national Australian titles at the Australian Rowing Championships in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. She won the Coxless four title in 2005 and won national titles in the women's eight in a composite Victorian crew in 2005 and in an all-Mercantile crew in 2006.

In 2002, they managed to get to 7th, the highest they've yet managed in eight-oared boats in the May Bumps, but the following three years saw St Catharine's fall to the top of the 2nd division. 2006–07 saw a turn-around, and they have since climbed back towards the middle of the top division.

The race is open to all 4-oared boats with a cox. No sliding seats or out-riggers are accepted. Normal class entries are Celtic Longboat, Pembrokeshire longboat, Irish East Coast skiff, Irish All Ireland class boat and a variety of Thames skiffs. Each crew consists of 12 people, therefore crew changeover strategies are a must.

Robb was raised in Hobart, Tasmania. His club rowing was from the Derwent Rowing Club. In 1913 and in 1914 he was selected at seven in the Tasmanian representative men's eights which competed for the Interstate eight-oared championship at the Australian Interstate Regatta.1913 Austn Interstate Regatta He rowed in 1914 Tasmanian eight to their championship victory.

N. A. M. Rodger, The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain. Volume One 660–1649 (London: Harper, 1997), , p. 6. The only vessels to survive from this period are dugout canoes, but images from the period suggest that there may have been skin boats (similar to the Irish currach) and larger oared vessels.

Jean-Claude Klein (born 22 June 1944) is a French rower who competed in the 1960 Summer Olympics. There, he won a silver medal in the four-oared shell with coxswain. He is Jewish, and was born in Créteil. In 1960 he was the coxswain of the French boat which won the silver medal in the coxed fours event.

The United States Forest Service manages a public-use cabin, accessible only by floatplane, at Eagle Lake. Eagle Lake Cabin, about from the Eagle River outlet, comes with a oared skiff for fishing. Eagle Lake supports a population of "trophy" coastal cutthroat trout. Although the cabin is open year-round, lake ice may prevent floatplanes from landing.

A penteconter was rowed by fifty oarsmen, arranged in a row of twenty-five on each side of the ship. A midship mast with sail could also propel the ship under favourable wind. Penteconters were long and sharp-keeled ships, hence described as long vessels (, nḗes makraí ). They typically lacked a full deck, and thus were also called unfenced vessels (, áphraktoi nḗes). Homer describes war ships during the Trojan War of various numbers of oars varying from twenty-oared, such as the ship that brought Chryseis back to her father,Homer, Iliad, book 1 309 to fifty-oared, as Odysseus’ ship that had fifty menHomer's Odyssey book 10, 311, 344 describes two groups of twenty-two men, plus Odysseus and Eurylokhos (six men were already lost by Polyphemus).

The oared fleet consisted of 396 vessels, including 253 galleys and semi-galleys (called скампавеи, or scampavei; a light high- speed galley) and 143 brigantines. The ships were being constructed at 24 shipyards, including the ones in Voronezh, Kazan, Pereyaslavl, Arkhangelsk, Olonets, Petersburg and Astrakhan. The naval officers came from dvoryane (noblemen, aristocrats who belonged to the state Russian Orthodox Church).

Hocker (1995), p. 88 In the northern provinces oared patrol boats were employed to keep local tribes in check along the shores of rivers like the Rhine and the Danube.Rankov (1995), pp. 80–83 As the need for large warships disappeared, the design of the trireme, the pinnacle of ancient war ship design, fell into obscurity and was eventually forgotten.

A transition from galley to sailing vessels as the most common types of warships began in the High Middle Ages (c. 11th century). Large high-sided sailing ships had always been formidable obstacles for galleys. To low-freeboard oared vessels, the bulkier sailing ships, the cog and the carrack, were almost like floating fortresses, being difficult to board and even harder to capture.

In September 1860 a small round-sterned four- oared boat was picked up near to Big Scare. The parent vessel had presumably been lost in the vicinity although no record of this is known. There is an MOD firing range in the area with brightly coloured floating targets deployed. The southern limit is marked by buoys SSE of The Scares.

Cychod Hir Celtaidd - Celtic Longboats Madryn and Mererid are the two Celtic longboats belonging to Clwb Rhwyfo Pwllheli - Pwllheli Rowing Club. The crews regularly take part in races to Wicklow in western Ireland and back. The Celtic longboat is a rowing boat used for coastal and ocean rowing, racing, training and recreation. It has four sweep-oared rowers and a cox.

In 1845 Clasper took another four-oared boat, the Lord Ravensworth, to the Thames Regatta. This latest boat was a further improvement on The Five Brothers. The crew were all Claspers, consisting of Harry at stroke, brothers William and Robert with uncle Ned, and brother Richard as cox. The Derwenthaugh crew won the Champion Fours, beating two other crews, including one from London.

Jane Robinson (born 12 December 1969 in Cobden, Victoria) is an Australian former rower - a national champion, three-time World Champion and triple Olympian. She competed at the Summer Olympics in 1996, 2000 and 2004; and at World Rowing Championships in 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002, and 2003. She won World Championships as both a sculler and a sweep-oared rower.

Running Press Book Publishers, Philadelphia. . He achieved international recognition by providing the eight-oared racing shells which won gold medals in the 1936 Summer Olympics with a crew from the University of Washington, and again in 1948 and 1952. In this era, nearly every collegiate and sport rowing program in America used wooden shells and oars built by Pocock.Brown, Daniel James (2013).

In 1433 Macdonald of the Isles arrived in Ulster with a large fleet (co c-cobhlach mór) to assist the O'Neills in a war with the O'Donnells. In Ireland oared vessels were employed extensively for warfare and piracy by the O'Malleys and the O'Flathertys, western lords whose base was in Connacht. English officials found it necessary to counter them with similar vessels.Rixson, p.

The records were transferred to the University of Melbourne archives. The Disher Challenge Cup, an annual rowing race for eight-oared boats on Canberra's Lake Burley Griffin that is contested by the Australian Defence Force Academy, the Royal Military College, Duntroon, and the Australian National University, was named in his honour; Disher presented the cup to the inaugural winners in 1971.

Before becoming coach, Courtney did have a history with Cornell University. In 1872, he participated in the first Cornell rowing regatta as a member of the Union Springs Boat Club. Courtney's four-oared crew from Union Springs beat Cornell, but helped build excitement at the college for rowing. Courtney also won a two-mile (3 km) single scull race on the same day.

The strait is famous in folklore circles for regular sightings of the Ghost Ship of Northumberland Strait, a flaming vessel which appears in the middle of the strait. The strait is also notable for the ice boats, small oared boats which made regular dangerous crossings of the strait in winter carrying mail and passengers before the era of ice breaking ferries.

The 10-oared barge Henrietta from the Teutonia Boat Club passes the Detroit Boat Club at the foot of Jos. Campau in 1878. The DBC had not yet moved to Belle Isle. E. A. Brush, Alpheus S. Williams, S.H. Sibley, Alfred Brush, J.H. Farnsworth, James A. Armstrong, and John Chester were among the founding members, prominent men in Detroit's society.

House was raised at Sandy Bay in Hobart, Tasmania. His club rowing was from the Derwent Rowing Club. In 1913 and in 1914 he was selected at stroke in the Tasmanian representative men's eights which competed for the Interstate eight-oared championship at the Australian Interstate Regatta.1913 Austn Interstate Regatta He led the 1914 Tasmanian eight to their championship victory.

Mettam was born in Wollongong, New South Wales but raised in Perth, Western Australia. His club rowing was from the West Australian Rowing Club. In 1913 and 1914 he was selected at six in the Western Australian representative men's eights which competed for the Interstate eight-oared championship at the Australian Interstate Regatta.1913 Austn Interstate Regatta 1914 Austn Interstate Regatta.

McKay commenced his rowing at Xavier College in Kew, Melbourne. His senior club rowing was from the Mercantile Rowing Club. McKay was selected in Victorian state representative King's Cup crews contesting the men's Interstate Eight-Oared Championship at the Australian Rowing Championships on eighteen occasions from 1986 to 2004. McKay was in winning Victorian King's Cup crews on fifteen occasions.

Her cannons were rusty, her crew in > rags, and she was towed by forty oared junks and escorted by a crowd of > light barges. She carried the plenipotentiaries of Tự Đức. Forbin took her > under tow and brought her to Saigon, where the negotiations were briskly > concluded. On 5 June a treaty was signed aboard the vessel Duperré, moored > before Saigon.

A Sunnmørsfæring; a Norwegian four-oared rowing boat, from the region Sunnmøre (Herøy kystmuseum, Herøy, Møre og Romsdal, Norway) Spring in the keel or rocker influences how a rowboat performs. Longer, slender race boats have less rocker of about . A short pram dinghy has a rocker of . Boats with less rocker are easier to row and faster in flat or nearly flat water.

Vermeersch competes in sweep-oared boats. She was coached by Rebecca Sattin and won a rowing scholarship from the Western Australian Institute of Sport. Her senior club rowing has been from the West Australian Rowing Club. Vermeersch was first selected to represent Western Australia in the women's youth eight in 2010 contesting the Bicentennial Cup at the Interstate Regatta within the Australian Rowing Championships.

Simon Burgess (born 11 September 1967 in Franklin, Tasmania) is an Australian national champion, two-time World Champion, three-time Olympian and dual Olympic silver medal winning lightweight rower. He represented Australia ten times at World Rowing Championships between 1990 and 2002. He won world and national championships in both sculls and in sweep-oared boat classes during an eighteen year elite level career.

Six mile races were held on the Raritan River among six-oared boats. In 1870, Rutgers held its first intercollegiate competition, against the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard, the then top-ranked amateur crew of the time. Since the start in 1864, Rutgers has built a strong crew program consisting of heavyweight and lightweight men. Women's crew was added to the program in 1974.

Colson graduated from Cornell with a law degree and practiced law for two years in Buffalo, New York. He then returned to Cornell to become instructor in procedure in the law school and assistant coach of the rowing team under Courtney. As the assistant coach, his main responsibility was to development of the freshman eight-oared crew. In 1904 Colson coached the Harvard University varsity crew.

A bireme is an ancient oared warship (galley) with two decks of oars. Biremes were long vessels built for military purposes and could achieve relatively high speed. They were invented well before the 6th century BC and were used by the Phoenicians, Assyrians & Greeks. Greek bireme circa 500 BC, image from a Greek vase in the British Museum, which was found at Vulci in Etruria.

The oared tarida was able to be loaded and unloaded directly on a beach, using doors as loading ramps.Nicolle (1999) pp 271-4 In 1174 an Italo-Norman force attacked Alexandria with 1,500 horses transported on 36 tarides.Nicolle (1999), p 274 Detailed specifications for thirteenth century tarides exist, showing they could carry 20-30 horses. In Angevin tarides, horses were stalled in threes, supported by canvas slings.

Tomkins took up rowing at Carey Baptist Grammar School. He stroked the Carey first VIII in both of his senior years, 1982 and 1983. His long senior club career was with the Mercantile Rowing Club in Melbourne. Tomkins was selected in Victorian state representative King's Cup crews contesting the men's Interstate Eight-Oared Championship at the Australian Rowing Championships on eighteen occasions from 1985 to 2004.

David Robert Clark (born November 17, 1959) is a United States rower. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri and lives in Longmont, Colorado. Clark was the stroke on the U.S. national crew which finished third in the World Rowing Championships in Munich, Germany in 1981. He also rowed on the four-oared crew that finished 7th in the World Rowing Championships in New Zealand 1983.

France, England, and the Dutch Republic quickly followed Spain and Portugal, but Venice's oared galleys were at a disadvantage when it came to traversing the great oceans, and therefore Venice was left behind in the race for colonies. The Black Death devastated Venice in 1348, and once again between 1575 and 1577.William J. Bernstein (2009). "A Splendid Exchange: How Trade Shaped the World".

The English were becalmed in port and unable to manoeuvre. On 1545, the French galleys advanced on the immobilised English fleet, and initially threatened to destroy a force of 13 small galleys, or "rowbarges", the only ships that were able to move against them without a wind. The wind picked up and the sailing ships were able to go on the offensive before the oared vessels were overwhelmed.Loades (1992), p. 133.

Also, in a small harbour known as the port of La Hougue, which was behind the town of St Vaast and under the guns of the fort, was the fleet of transports prepared for the invasion. The fleet was also protected by a fleet of 200 boats, and 3 oared galleys mounting 12 guns each. James' offer to station troops on the ships to guard against boarding was not taken up.

Jan Glete, "The Oared Warship" in Gardiner & Lavery (1992), pp. 98–100 A single mainmast was standard on most war galleys until c. 1600. A second, shorter mast could be raised temporarily in the bows, but became permanent by the early 17th century. It was stepped slightly to the side to allow for the recoil of the heavy guns; the other was placed roughly in the center of the ship.

Chisholm was born in London, United Kingdom and educated at Bedford Modern School. In 1995, he rowed for Cambridge University in the Lightweight Boat Race and won. His club rowing in London was from the Tideway Scullers School where he was club captain. By 2007, Chisholm had relocated to Australia and was rowing in sweep-oared boats from the St George Rowing Club on the Cooks River in Sydney.

In 2000 at the State and national representative level Robinson moved into sweep-oared boats. She made the Australian women's eight and stroked the crew to places at two World Rowing Cups in the lead up to the Olympics. For the 2000 Sydney Olympics Robinson was honoured to be the first Melbourne Rowing Club member to stroke an Australian Olympic crew. They finished in a credible fifth place in the final.

1976 Austn C'ships By 1976 at Sydney he had also taken up sweep oared rowing. He stroked a Sydney coxed four to a national championship win in 1976, 1976 Austn C'ships and then successfully defended that same title in 19771977 Austn C'ships 1978, 1979 1979 Austn C'ships and 1980 each time in the stroke seat. In 1978 he also joined with Stephen Handley in a coxed pair, winning that national title.

Edward Officer Hale (born 23 August 1947) is an Australian former rower. He competed at the elite level over a fifteen-year period from 1970 to 1984, primarily as a sculler. He was a fourteen time Australian national champion - nine times in a single scull, four times in crewed sculling boats and once in a sweep oared pair. He won the New Zealand national single sculls championship in 1976.

The Championship Course, along which the race is conducted The weather was inclement, with the sky overcast by heavy clouds and gale-force winds;MacMichael, p. 260 according to a report in The Times, "it would not have been easy to pitch on a more unfavourable day for an eight-oared race".MacMichael, p. 261 Although Cambridge were pre-race favourites, they requested a postponement because of the conditions.

46 § 878, 46 n. 11. These numbers roughly give about thirty-six and a half men per ship, which is comparable to the thirty-two oared Gokstad ship, a ninth-century Viking ship unearthed in Norway. On one hand, it is possible that the Viking commander at ' seized upon Guthrum's simultaneous campaigning against the West Saxons to launch a Viking foray of his from Dyfed.Abels (2013) p. 154.

Caricature from Punch, 1882 Ape published in Vanity Fair in 1874. Wolff sat in parliament for Christchurch from 1874 to 1880 and for Portsmouth from 1880 to 1885. Whilst MP for Christchurch he lived in Boscombe, where he developed the Boscombe Spa estate, and he played an active role in the public life of Bournemouth. In 1870 he presented Bournemouth Rowing Club with a four-oared racing boat.

Sullivan was born in Auckland and won his first rowing race at age 13. He was a member of a widely known Wellington Rowing Club four-oared crew (W. Bridson, E. J. Rose, T. Sullivan, and T. McKay) that won all four championship titles under the auspices of the New Zealand Amateur Rowing Association during 1889–90. He also won the amateur sculling championship of the country in 1890.

Doyle was born in Melbourne and commenced his rowing career at Xavier College. His senior rowing was with Mercantile Rowing Club where his father Brian Doyle was a club stalwart and coach. Doyle represented Victoria at the Australian Rowing Championships in the men's Interstate Eight-Oared Championship - the King's Cup on six occasions from 1982 to 1988. He was in consecutive winning Victorian crews from 1985 to 1988.

The Wellington Rowing Club was first established in October 1871 as a professional club. Founded by James Stewart, a prominent sawmiller "the main reason for forming the new club was to enable ‘working men’ to take part in aquatic sports". The most famous crew of the Wellington Rowing Club was the Dolly Varden crew. Imported in 1873, the Dolly Varden became the most famous four-oared boat in colonial New Zealand.

Early rivers crossings were made using small oared boat ferries, beginning in 1843, followed by steam ferries. In 1865 the first Victoria Bridge, later destroyed in a flood, was built across the river. Professor Hawken of the University of Queensland undertook a study in 1914 to identify the future crossing points for the river. Historically, the Brisbane River contained upstream bars and shallows and had a natural tidal limit of only .

He pointed out that antique geographers knew of the Canary Islands but nothing further south. Ships with square sails, without stern rudder, might navigate south, but the winds and currents throughout the year would prevent the return trip from Senegal to Morocco. Oared ships might be able to achieve the return northward, but only with very great difficulties. Mauny assumed that Hanno did not get farther than the Drâa.

Buses took skiers to the Caroline hills for competition. Ten years later, there were 24 golf teams, 34 four-oared crews, 79 softball teams, a handball league and a horseshoe pitching league. By 1933, the University champion of the Cornell intramural football season was playing the same from Colgate University in a Central New York championship game at Schoellkopf Stadium. Softball is one of the Cornell All Sports competitions.

Doyle was born in Melbourne and commenced his rowing career at Xavier College. His senior rowing was with Mercantile Rowing Club where his father Brian Doyle was a club stalwart and coach. Doyle represented Victoria at the Australian Rowing Championships in the men's Interstate Eight-Oared Championship - the King's Cup on six occasions from 1981 to 1987. He was in three consecutive King's Cup winning Victorian crews from 1985 to 1987.

Deal luggers and a 4-oared galley on the beach at Port Arms station in 1866. The luggers are hauled up close to their capstans, where they are held by chains led through special holes in the keel. The galley in the foreground is of the type used for boarding and landing pilots In the 19th century there were several types of boat used by the boatmen. The 2 largest were the Deal luggers.

In 1976 she was a member of the American eight-oared crew which won the bronze medal. Warner qualified for the 1980 U.S. Olympic team but was unable to compete due to the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott. In 2007, she received one of 461 Congressional Gold Medals created especially for the spurned athletes. She was a member of four other national teams including the 1975 eight which won the silver in Nottingham, England.

They beat both New Zealand crews who contested the event. Long was selected in a coxless four which contested the 1997 World Rowing Cup III in Lucerne and then the 1997 World Rowing U23 Championships in Milan. That four raced to a second place and a silver medal in Milan.Long at World Rowing In the 2000 Olympic year Long was in the Australian squad and in contention for seat in a sweep-oared boat.

For the 2007 World Rowing Championships Pratley was selected to race the Australian quad scull with Amy Ives, Catriona Sens and Sonia Mills. They placed fourth in Munich 2007. In the Olympic yearof 2008 Pratley moved into contention for sweep-oared boats. She was picked for the Australian women's eight for the World Rowing Cup II of 2008 at Lucerne and then was in the two seat of the women's eight for Beijing 2008.

One was the open sea, suitable for large sailing fleets; the other was the coastal areas and especially the chain of small islands and archipelagos that ran almost uninterrupted from Stockholm to the Gulf of Finland. In these areas, conditions were often too calm, cramped, and shallow for sailing ships, but they were excellent for galleys and other oared vessels.Rodger (2003), pp. 230–30; see also R. C. Anderson, Naval Wars in the Baltic, pp.

This flower-inspired stern detail would later be widely used by both Greek and Roman ships. They had possibly developed a primitive type of keel, but still retained the large cables intended to prevent hogging. A schematic view of the mortise and tenon technique for shipbuilding that dominated the Mediterranean until the 7th century AD.Unger (1980), pp. 41–42 The design of the earliest oared vessels is mostly unknown and highly conjectural.

An outstanding rescue occurred on 13 November as she had suffered heavy storm damage off the Humber and drifted south for 4 days, helpless. She was waterlogged and afloat only because she carried pit-props. Her 6 Norwegians and 2 Swedish crew were close to death when she was seen from Skegness. The 8-oared “Samuel Lewis”, the last unpowered lifeboat, was launched with Coxwain Matthew Grunnill and his nephew Montague as Second.

Once again the Great Eastern Railway delivered the boat and its equipment free of cost. The equipment included a launching carriage supplied by the Bristol Wagon Works Co. Once again the new lifeboat was named Licensed Victuallers III (ON 440). The new boat was a standard self-righting ten oared pulling lifeboat and was 35 ft in length with a beam of 8 ft 3 in and she had a depth of 4 ft.

Four-oared indoor rowing tank at the Otago University Rowing Club in Dunedin, New Zealand A rowing tank is an indoor facility which attempts to mimic the conditions rowers face on open water. Rowers sit in fixed rowing positions, with a channel of water to either side of the 'boat'. Older tanks used the power of the athlete to circulate water. This experience is unrealistic, and the rowing stroke is not accurately reproduced.

At about 1:00pm, four Dutch ships appeared, together with the smaller oared-vessel they had seen earlier. The two fleets came within firing range of each other between two and three o'clock in the afternoon. The first salvo came from the Dutch flagship but missed its mark. The Encarnación answered with two shots, hitting the Dutch flagship with a 15 kg cannonball, tearing open the forward edge of the ship's prow.

N. A. M. Rodger, The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain. Volume One 660–1649 (London: Harper, 1997), , p. 6. The only vessels to survive form this period are dugout canoes, but images from the period suggest that there may have been skin boats (similar to the Irish currach) and larger oared vessels.L. R. Laing, The Archaeology of Celtic Britain and Ireland, c. AD 400–1200 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2nd edn.

1982 Austn C'ships The following year he won a national u/23 title in a composite coxed four.1983 Austn C'ships In 1984 he teamed again with his Narrabundah partner Paul Thompson to win an u/23 coxless pair title at the Australian Championships.1984 Austn C'ships Galloway competed only once in the men's Interstate Eight-Oared Championship at the Australian Rowing Championships - the King's Cup. He raced in the New South Wales 1988 crew.

Paul Francis Rowe (22 February 1948 - 25 July 2015) was an Australian representative rower and elite level rowing coach. He was an eight-time Australian national champion in both sweep oared and sculling boats across both lightweight and open divisions. He was Australia's lightweight sculling representative at the 1975 World Rowing Championships. He coached scullers and crews to three Australia national title wins and to world championships and to Commonwealth and Olympic Games.

Churchill was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Edward Spalding Churchill by his marriage to Emma Bell Blaine. He attended Smith Academy in Missouri and the United States Naval Academy, where he graduated in 1894. At the Naval Academy, he was conspicuous in scholarship and also in general student activities. He became an expert fencer and he organized at Annapolis the first eight-oared crew, which he captained for two years.

The Stewards resolved that a Silver Cup, for which they incurred 100 guineas, was to be competed for annually by amateur crews in eight-oared boats. One of the prize medals awarded at the first race was donated to the Regatta in 1969 and is on display in the Prize Tent. The Grand Challenge Cup has since been competed for annually with the exception of the years affected by the two World Wars.

Quinqueremes, meaning "five-oared", provided the workhorse of the Roman and Carthaginian fleets throughout the Punic Wars. So ubiquitous was the type that Polybius uses it as a shorthand for "warship" in general. A quinquereme carried a crew of 300: 280 oarsmen and 20 deck crew and officers. It would also normally carry a complement of 40 marinesusually soldiers assigned to the shipif battle was thought to be imminent this would be increased to as many as 120.

Rodger (1997), p. 208–12 Under King Henry VIII, the English navy used several kinds of vessels that were adapted to local needs. English galliasses (very different from the Mediterranean vessel of the same name) were employed to cover the flanks of larger naval forces while pinnaces and rowbarges were used for scouting or even as a backup for the longboats and tenders for the larger sailing ships.John Bennel, "The Oared Vessels" in Knighton & Loades (2000), pp. 35–37.

Usually associated with surf lifesaving clubs, surf boat crews are trained in life saving skills as well as learning to be competent oarsmen. The Australian form of the sport attracts wide media coverage and is often featured on mainstream sporting shows in the summer months. Surf boats are four-oared vessels with pointed bows and sterns. The boat is steered by a sweep who stands in the stern and uses an oar-like rudder to control the boat.

Grice was born in Selly Oak, fourth son of Richard Grice, a Selly Oak merchant. He was educated at Aston University 1861–66 and the just- opened Wesley College, Melbourne (where he was the first boy to matriculate and qualify for the University of Melbourne). Grice graduated LL.B. in 1871, and BA in 1872. Grice founded the University Boat Club, rowed for his university and was also a member of the Victorian four-oared crew in 1872.

1834 saw the foundation of the Durham Regatta, the second oldest in the country. The university was one of the founding members of the Regatta, along with Durham School and Durham Boat Club. The university was represented by a crew from University College Boat Club in the six-oared Sylph, losing to W. L. Wharton's Velocity in the first race of the Regatta, on 17 June. The first debating society in Durham was founded in 1835.

The inaugural meeting of Cambridge University Boat Club took place at Gonville and Caius College on 9 December 1828.Dodd, p. 49 Following this meeting, it was agreed that a challenge be sent to the University of Oxford to organise a race between representatives of the two universities. A letter was sent to Oxford in which they were challenged "to row a match at or near London, each in an eight-oared boat during the ensuing Easter vacation".

In 1920 the club lost in the final of the Wyfold IVs at Henley Royal Regatta. It was the club’s first finals day appearance at that August regatta in a sweep-oared boat. In 1930 the club finally had success in this class of boat at the Regatta winning the Thames Challenge Cup for club VIIIs. In December 1936 a fire ripped through the clubhouse destroying many of its records and trophies, and damaging or destroying some thirty boats.

Playfair made his Australian representative debut in 2013 in an U23 quad scull at the World Rowing Cup III in Lucerne. That quad went on to the 2013 U23 World Rowing Championships in Linz where they finished in overall ninth place. In 2014 he stroked Australia's second quad at the World Rowing Cup I and took bronze. After moving to the UTS Haberfield Rowing Club in 2017 Playfair came into senior Australian representative contention as a sweep oared rower.

This novel is about the University of Washington eight-oared crew that represented the United States in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, and narrowly beat out Italy and Germany to win the gold medal. The main character is Joe Rantz. There are two backstories. One illustrates how all nine members of the Washington team came from lower- middle-class families and had to struggle to earn their way through school during the depths of the Depression.

Dor had many strategic advantages for the Athenians, starting with its distance from Sidon. The Athenians had a maritime empire built on oared ships. They did not need large tracts of land and instead needed strategically situated coastal sites that had fresh water, provisions and protection from bad weather and enemy attack. Dor had an unfailing freshwater spring near the edge of the sea and to its south a lagoon and sandy beach enclosed by a chain of islets.

The boat needed to be stable and fast with the large crew hence making it ideal for its modern racing usage. In Finland 14-oared church boats race throughout the summer months, usually on lakes, and often with mixed crews. The largest gathering sees over 7000 rowers mainly rowing the course at Sulkava near the eastern border over a long weekend in mid July. The weekend features the World Masters church boat event which also includes a dash.

It is hard to determine the makeup of this force accurately. Most of its ships were probably armed merchantmen, carrying around 40 guns, a few were probably larger. Different accounts give different numbers, but according to an 8 April list from Istanbul, the fleet consisted of 12 battleships, 13 frigates, 2 bombs, 2 galleys, 10 gunboats and 6 fireships. There were some xebecs (oared vessels of 30 or more guns) as well, but perhaps these were counted as frigates.

McGill was raised in Lewisham in Sydney. His club rowing was from the Leichhardt Rowing Club in that club's senior men's eight. Disher, Mettam, Hauenstein, Lt. Gen Hobbs, Middleton, Scott, McGill, (front) Robb, Smedley, House. After the war he returned to the Leichhardt Rowing Club and he was selected at three in the New South Wales men's eight in 1920 when Interstate eight-oared championships recommenced, now racing for the same King's Cup he had won at Henley.

Anne Hilarion de Tourville, a French admiral of the 17th century, believed that the only way to run down raiders from the infamous corsair Moroccan port of Salé was by using a captured pirate vessel of the same type.Earle (2003), p. 45 Using oared vessels to combat pirates was common, and was even practiced by the major powers in the Caribbean. Purpose-built galleys (or hybrid sailing vessels) were built by the English in Jamaica in 1683Earle (2003), p.

Stillings was the coxswain of the U.S. men’s four with coxswain that won the silver medal in the men's coxed fours competition at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles with Edward Ives, Thomas Kiefer, Michael Bach, and Gregory Springer. One of the most successful coxswains in University of Washington history, Stillings guided the Huskies to two collegiate National Championships and its first and only Henley Royal Regatta Grand Challenge Cup victory in 1977, where the collegiate team defeated a heavily favored British National team. Along the way to the Olympic Games, the Edmonds, Washington native and Husky Hall of Famer, won five U.S. club national championships and gold as the coxswain of the U.S. men’s eight-oared crew at the 1983 Pan American Games. In a sport dominated by young athletes, Stillings accomplished a successful come- back to international rowing at the age of 48, winning the gold as coxswain of the U.S. men’s eight-oared crew at the 2003 Pan American Games in the Dominican Republic.

Her first experience with rowing was as a walk-on when she was a sophomore at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the fall of 1973. In the spring of 1975 her team won the women's national championships in Princeton, New Jersey. Her first international success came in 1975 when she won a silver medal in the eight-oared shell at the World Championships, as part of what came to be known as the "Red Rose Crew", coached by Harry Parker.

On 31 August 1878, Elliott entered the single scull race at the Thames International Regatta, against J. Higgins, and defeated him easily over the Thames championship course; and, with Nicholson, Boyd and Lumsden, won the four oared championship. After this race Elliott accepted a challenge from Higgins to row for £200 and the championship of England, and the race took place on 17 February 1879. Elliott was victorious in a time of 22 minutes 1 second. See also English Sculling Championship.

Ships were commanded by a navarch, a rank equal to a centurion, who was usually not a citizen. Potter suggests that because the fleet was dominated by non-Romans, the navy was considered non-Roman and allowed to atrophy in times of peace. Information suggests that by the time of the late Empire (350 AD), the Roman navy comprised several fleets including warships and merchant vessels for transportation and supply. Warships were oared sailing galleys with three to five banks of oarsmen.

Heard History at Guerin Foster In Melbourne University colours she contested all three sweep-oared women's heavyweight national Australian titles at the Australian Rowing Championships in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and two of those events in 2009. She won the coxless four national title in 2005, 2007, 2008 & 2009; the coxless pair title with Emily Martin in 2006; and won the national title in the women's eight in a composite Australian selection crew in 2007 and in a composite Victorian eight in 2009.

Corrie Carter was coxswain for the four- and eight-oared boats of the Cambridge First Trinity Boat Club at the Henley Royal Regatta in 1861. His crew won the four chief races: the Grand Challenge Cup, the Stewards' Challenge Cup, the Ladies' Challenge Plate and the Visitors' Challenge Cup. The feat was commemorated in 1912 by a caricature of Corrie Carter and a biographical article in Vanity Fair. He was also a good shot and golfer as well as an avid fly fisherman.

It is believed to have been one of the Liburnian "long ships", an oared vessel with 17 sweeps per side used by ancient Carthage in the Battle of the Aegates Islands (241 BC). This was the last battle of the First Punic War between Carthage and the Roman Republic. Carbon-14 tests on timbers and other materials determined a date of 235 BC. The vessel was determined to be approximately 35 meters (115 feet) long and 4.8 metres (15.7 feet) wide.

A sweep oared boat has to be stiffer to handle the unmatched forces, and so requires more bracing, which means it has to be heavier and slower than an equivalent sculling boat. However octuple sculls are not used in main competitions. "Eight" is one of the classes recognized by the International Rowing Federation and one of the events in the Olympics.FISA World Rowing - Olympic Games The first Olympic eights race was held in 1900 and won by the United States.

During this war the standard warship was the quinquereme, meaning "five-oared". The quinquereme was a galley, long, wide at water level, with its deck standing above the sea, and displacing around 100 long tons (110 short tons; 100 tonnes). The galley expert John Coates suggested they could maintain 7 knots (8 mph; 13 km/h) for extended periods. The modern replica galley Olympias has achieved speeds of 8.5 knots (10 mph; 16 km/h) and cruised at for hours on end.

Balta The sixareen or sixern (; meaning "six-oared") is a traditional fishing boat used around the Shetland Islands. It is a clinker-built boat, evolved as a larger version of the yoal, when the need arose for crews to fish further from shore. The first of the sixareens were, like the yoal, imported from Norway in kit form until the mid 19th century, when increasing import duty made it more cost effective to import the raw materials and build the boats in Shetland.

At age 17, Ellis took up competitive racing soon he joined three of his brothers (Ellis, Henry, Josh and Gilbert) to race as a team; included in their many wins included the 1865 professional four-oared championship of America with a hard-fought victory over the Biglin Brothers. They also won a and a world title in 1871 at Saratoga when Ellis and his brothers defeated two English and three American fours man boats in an international four mile turn race.

During this war the standard warship was the quinquereme, meaning "five-oared". The quinquereme was a galley, long, wide at water level, with its deck standing above the sea, and displacing around 100 long tons (110 short tons; 100 tonnes). The galley expert John Coates suggests they could maintain 7 knots (8 mph; 13 km/h) for extended periods. The modern replica galley Olympias has achieved speeds of 8.5 knots (10 mph; 16 km/h) and cruised at for hours on end.

The club appeared in the first six-oared bumps race in 1827 but performed indifferently. During the early years it rose on occasion to be second and achieved Head of the River in 1841, but remained a minor force until the late 1860s. By 1875 it held Headship again and continued to for eleven years (until 1886) - a record not since equalled. In this time they refurbished the boathouse including the addition of a weathervane and, some years later, a clock tower.

Durham School Boat Club was founded in 1847. However, there was rowing at Durham School before that - the club was a founder of Durham Regatta in 1834 and it is, therefore, one of the oldest clubs on the River Wear in Durham. Record keeping in the early days was non- existent and the first reference to a School boat was to the four oared wherry Argo in 1838. At the regatta, the club went on to win its first Challenge Cup in 1865.

Doyle took up rowing at Xavier College in Melbourne. He achieved the rare distinction of rowing in Xavier's first VIII at the APS Head of the River in all four of his senior school years from 1946 to 1949. His senior club rowing was with the Mercantile Rowing Club in Melbourne. Doyle was selected in Victorian state representative King's Cup crews contesting the men's Interstate Eight-Oared Championship at the Australian Rowing Championships on six consecutive occasions from 1952 to 1956.

1892 Cornell University Varsity rowing team. Marston is 5th from the left While attending Cornell University, he was part of the varsity rowing team from 1889 to 1892. He was coached at Cornell by Hall of Fame coach Charles E. Courtney. Marston was part of the 1889 Cornell crew easily beat University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University at New London, Connecticut and then a few weeks later broke the world record for and eight oared three mile race versus Pennsylvania at the Schuylkill in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Howard landed forces near Brest, but made no headway against the town and was by now getting low on supplies. Attempting to force a victory, he took a small force of small oared vessels on a daring frontal attack on the French galleys on . Howard himself managed to reach the ship of French admiral, Prégent de Bidoux, and led a small party to board it. The French fought back fiercely and cut the cables that attached the two ships, separating Howard from his men.

Brasenose has a long history on the water. The first amateur race between organised clubs which prepared and trained for the event occurred in Oxford in 1815. In this year, crews from Brasenose College and Jesus College raced for the Head of the River, from Iffley Lock to Mr King’s Barge, which was moored near the current Head of the River public house. The event is also notable for the fact that both crews rowed in eight oared boats, specially built for the purpose.

They maintained a prosperous Haaf (Old Norse: 'deep sea') fishing industry, undertaken in the summer months using six-oared boats known as sixareens. In addition to the leper colony on Brei Holm there may have been another at Hilla FielleThis is the name provided by Visit Shetland. The Ordnance Survey call it 'Hill of Feilie' and the Papar Project, 'Hill of Feelie' overlooking Hamna Voe. A recent archaeological survey was inconclusive but suggests the site may be much older than the supposed 18th century colony.

During this period the standard warship of the Carthaginian navy was the quinquereme, meaning "five-oared". The quinquereme was a galley, long, wide at water level, with its deck standing above the sea, and displacing around . The galley expert John Coates has suggested that they could maintain 7 knots (8 mph; 13 km/h) for extended periods. The quinquereme was superior as a warship to the previous mainstay of Mediterranean navies, the trireme, and, being heavier, performed better than the triremes in bad weather.

When the bumps were reorganised in 1990, the QMABC 1st women's VIII started and maintained a position in the 2nd division. In the 1996 bumps races, King's women's crews inherited the positions that QMABC crews held in 1995. The King's women's 1st VIII held a position in the 2nd division in both the Lent and May Bumps until the May Bumps 2005, where they managed to break into the 1st division for the first time since the May Bumps were rowed in eight-oared boats.

A sculling oar is shorter and has a smaller blade area than the equivalent sweep oar. The combined blade area of a pair of sculls is however greater than that of a single sweep oar, so the oarsman when sculling is working against more water than when rowing sweep-oared. He is able to do this because the body action in sculling is more anatomically efficient (due to the symmetry). The spoon of oars is normally painted with the colours of the club to which they belong.

Johan Augustinussen was born at "Oppigården" in Langset, a farm in Sjona some distance east of the village of Nesna. His parents were Augustinius Larssøn (1762-1815) and Kirstine Olsdatter (1770-1843). His paternal grandfather Lars Johnsen (1720-1767) was a farmer at Sandnes in Nesna, and his maternal grandfather Peder Tønder (1697-1735) had been a lensmann. Augustinius Larssøn was an enterprising fisherman; he owned, among others, both a færing and a six-oared row boat, many fishing nets and longlines, and also rorbu in Kabelvåg.

Born in Victoria, Hawe's initial senior rowing was from the Huon Rowing Club in Tasmania. She won a scholarship to the Tasmanian Institute of Sport.Women's Crews at Penrith Training Centre She has contested national titles at the Australian Rowing Championships in Huon Rowing Club colours on number of occasions and in 2017 won titles in all three sweep-oared women's boat classes. She won open women's coxless pair with Meaghan Volker, the open coxless four title in an Tasmanian composite crew and the open women's eight title.

In 1316, shortly after his father's death, Colin was granted the entirety of Lochawe and Ardscotnish (lands along the shore of Loch Awe) as a free barony by Robert the Bruce. In exchange for this, Colin agreed to provide troops for Robert's army and a single 40-oared ship when requested. He served in Robert's army during the Irish campaign of 1315-1318. The Brus relates a tale from this campaign in which Colin disobeyed Robert's orders and charged a pair of English archers.

Galleys were a more "mature" technology with long-established tactics and traditions of supporting social institutions and naval organizations. In combination with the intensified conflicts this led to a substantial increase in the size of galley fleets from c. 1520–80, above all in the Mediterranean, but also in other European theatres.Glete (2003), p. 27 Galleys and similar oared vessels remained uncontested as the most effective gun-armed warships in theory until the 1560s, and in practice for a few decades more, and were actually considered a grave risk to sailing warships.

Tumblehome was common on wooden warships for centuries. In the era of oared combat ships it was quite common, placing the oar ports as far abeam as possible. This also made it more difficult to board by force, as the ships would come to contact at their widest points, with the decks some distance apart. The narrowing of the hull above this point made the boat more stable by lowering the weight above the waterline, which is one of the reasons it remained common during the age of sail.

"Clay Models of Phoenician Vessels in the Hecht Musesum at the University of Haifa, Israel." IJNA 32.1:61. The model is of an oared boat manned by three pairs of oarsmen, who are rendered with “hands … raised to their chests, in the last instant of pulling the oar in the water, before lifting it for the recovery.” The mystery of this model is the purpose of small holes- three on the starboard side, and four on port- that were made in the sides of the ship with a sharp tool before the clay dried.

At the 1992 lightweight World Championships Lynagh and Hick had success as a double while Burgess raced the lightweight single scull championship for a fifth place.1992 L'weight C'ships For Roudnice 1993 and Indianapolis 1994 Burgess was back in the Australian lightweight quad scull and he stroked both those crews to a seventh place in 1993 and fifth place in 1994.1994 World C'ships Burgess did not make Australian representative sculling crews in 1995 or 1996 but by 1997 he was performing and selected at the elite level in lightweight sweep oared boats.

D In 1888, following the death of an oarsman, Willan wrote to The Times to propose that in bumping races a leather pad should be fixed to the nose of eight-oared boats.Frank Willan, 'The Fatal Accident at Cambridge', in Letters to the Editor, The Times, 2 March 1888, p. 14 Willan was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Oxfordshire Militia on 26 April 1873, and was promoted to captain on 23 June 1875. In the Childers Reforms of the British Army in 1881, the Oxfordshire Militia became the 4th Battalion, Oxfordshire Light Infantry.

2006 saw Bradley switch from sculls to sweep- oared boats at the national representative level. She raced in a coxless pair and in the Australian women's senior eight at the World Rowing Cups I and II in Munich and Poznan. She was in the three seat of both the eight and the four for the 2006 World Rowing Championships at Eton, Dorney. The eight took the bronze and in the four with Jo Lutz, Robyn Selby Smith and Kate Hornsey, Bradley won the gold and her second senior World Championship title.

Loftus was educated at Wesley College, Perth where he took up rowing in 1990. His senior club rowing was from the Curtin University Rowing Club from 1994 until his retirement in 2004. He won eight West Australian state titles in sculls & sweep-oared boats and was acknowledged as Western Australian Oarsman of the Year in 1998 and 2001. In 1995, 1997 and from 1999 to 2004 Loftus was selected to represent Western Australia in the men's lightweight four contesting the Penrith Cup at the Interstate Regatta within the Australian Rowing Championships.

Facilities for playing football, tennis, rowing, rugby, golf, indoor swimming, indoor and outdoor basketball and some other sports are available throughout the area. Rowing is practiced in Valdivia in three clubs: Club Deportivo Phoenix Valdivia, Club Centenario de Remeros and Club Arturo Prat. Valdivian rowers Cristian Yantani and Miguel Cerda won the first place in Men's Lightweight Coxless Pair-Oared Shells at the world championship in Seville, 2002. Club Deportivo Valdivia is Valdivia's main basketball team and plays in Chiles first division, DIMAYOR where it won the 2001 season.

Lancaster Rowing Club was first founded in 1842 by the architect and engineer Edmund Sharpe.Neil Wigglesworth The Social History of English Rowing p122 with the help of his partner Edward Graham Paley. Sharpe lived in one of the largest riverside houses at Halton Hall and owned two 4-oared cutters, the 'Ariadne' and the 'Lotus', which he made over to the new rowing club for £40 on 20 September 1842. At the 1865 general election there were allegation of political bribery concerning members of the Lancaster Rowing Club.

They had built a new fleet of 50 triremesmedium-sized, manoeuvrable, oared warshipsand a large number of smaller ships since sacrificing their original fleet two years before. Once the channel was complete this sailed out, taking the Romans by surprise. A few days were necessary to trim the new-built ships and to train the new crews who had not been to sea for over two years and were out of the habit of operating together. By the time the Carthaginians felt ready to give battle the Romans had concentrated their own naval forces.

The 1st Boat Race took place at Henley-on-Thames on 10 June 1829. The race came about following a challenge laid down to the University of Oxford by University of Cambridge "to row a match at or near London, each in an eight- oared boat during the ensuing Easter vacation". Oxford wore dark blue jerseys while Cambridge wore "white with pink waistbands". In front of a crowd estimated to be around 20,000, and according to the official record, Oxford won the race "easily" in a time of 14 minutes 30 seconds.

A meeting arranged by Leander Club in January 1919 concluded that it was too soon to revive the regatta but asked the Stewards to arrange a “Peace Regatta” and a four-day regatta was duly staged. Competition was not for the usual Henley trophies but for different cups and some events were restricted to ‘armed services’ crews. King George V presented a Cup to the victors of eight-oared event for servicemen crews. The Australian first AIF crew won the final against a crew of Oxford university alumni servicemen.

Macquarrie, Medieval Scotland: Kinship and Nation, p. 147. Records indicate that Alexander had several large oared ships built at Ayr, but he avoided a sea battle. Defeat on land at the Battle of Largs and winter storms forced the Norwegian fleet to return home, leaving the Scottish crown as the major power in the region and leading to the ceding of the Western Isles to Alexander in 1266. Part of the reason for Robert I's success in the Wars of Independence was his ability to call on naval forces from the Islands.

P. J. Potter, Gothic Kings of Britain: the Lives of 31 Medieval Rulers, 1016–1399 (Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2008), , p. 157. Records indicate that Alexander had several large oared ships built at Ayr, but he avoided a sea battle. Defeat on land at the Battle of Largs and winter storms forced the Norwegian fleet to return home, leaving the Scottish crown as the major power in the region and leading to the ceding of the Western Isles to Alexander in 1266.A. Macquarrie, Medieval Scotland: Kinship and Nation (Thrupp: Sutton, 2004), , p. 153.

The 1883 Cornell's Varsity Rowing Team. Courtney, as coach, is surrounded by his crew In 1883, Courtney was hired for 10 days to help train the Cornell University four-oared varsity crew for their 1 mile race against Wesleyan College, University of Pennsylvania, and Princeton University at the Lake George Regatta. Princeton and Penn were favored since they both had beaten several of the top rowing clubs in America.Hewett, p. 177 He was hired again by Cornell in 1884, which drew criticism because of his past controversies during his professional career.

The New York Times, which editorialized, "If college boys cannot learn to row without associating with persons like Courtney..., perhaps they would be quite as well off if they devoted a little more time to classics and mathematics and a little less to rowing." Because of the help he gave during the 1883 season that allowed Cornell to defeat rivals at Lake George, Cornell overlooked his ethics and hired him on for his extensive rowing knowledge. Courtney coached the four-oared crews at Cornell over the next few years and consistently won.

179 Courtney was hindered by a lack of equipment. He had to coach from the bank of the lake since Cornell did not have a launch. The practice shell was weak and in poor condition, and the team did not receive their eight-man shells until they arrived in New London for the first race. Courtney's Cornell crew easily beat Pennsylvania and Columbia University at New London, and then a few weeks later broke the world record for an eight-oared 1½-mile race versus Pennsylvania at the Schuylkill in Philadelphia.

The castles on Loch Awe were once served by boats, probably galleys - the island near Innisconnel is Innis-Sea- Rhamach, the island of the six-oared galleys. Kilchurn was built, probably in 1437, by Sir Colin Campbell, the First Laird of Glenurquhay. Fraoch Eilean is a 13th-century hall house with a defensive wall, granted to Gillechrist MacNachdan by Alexander III in 1267. Innisconnel was built by the Campbells of Argyll, then taken by the MacDougalls, and finally granted again to the Campbells by Robert the Bruce, whom they had helped in his battles.

Powered cutters vary in size depending on their function, with small boats for ferrying passengers between larger craft and shore sometimes referred to as cutters, rugged smallish vessels serving the traditional role of delivering harbor pilots, and large ocean-going U.S. Coast Guard or UK Border Force ships referred to as cutters by tradition. Open oared cutters were carried aboard 18th century naval vessels and rowed by pairs of men sitting side-by-side on benches. A similar form that evolved among London watermen remains in use today in club racing.

The first lifeboat station in Portsea opened in 1886 and was known as Southsea Lifeboat station and was operated by the RNLI. This station had been opened as it had been realised by the RNLI committees of the neighbouring stations of Hayling island and Bembridge that the Solent’s busy shipping lanes required additional cover upstream towards the cities of Portsmouth and Southampton. The first lifeboat was called Heyland and she was a 10 oared self-righting pulling lifeboat. She was the first of three lifeboats to serve at Southsea.

Playford went up to Jesus College, Cambridge in 1919, graduating B.A. in 1921 and M.A. in 1925. He was 6 ft 5in tall, with a long reach, and quickly made his mark as a rower: In March 1919 he was picked in the place of R.C. Guthrie (indisposed) to row in the Jesus College crew in the semi-finals of the Fixed-seat, Eight oared Races.The Times (Monday, 3 March 1919), p. 5. He rowed in the winning Cambridge crews in the Boat Race in 1920, 1921 and 1922.

In a quad scull the riggers apply forces symmetrically. A sweep oared boat has to be stiffer to handle the unmatched forces, and so requires more bracing, which means it has to be heavier than an equivalent sculling boat. However most rowing clubs cannot afford to have a dedicated large hull with four seats which might be rarely used and instead generally opt for versatility in their fleet by using stronger shells which can be rigged for either as fours or quads. "Coxed four" is one of the classes recognized by the International Rowing Federation.

Peruvian and Bolivian defenders found themselves hundreds of kilometers from home, but the Chilean forces were usually just a few kilometers from the sea. The Chileans employed an early form of amphibious warfare, which saw the co-ordination of army, navy, and specialized units. The first amphibious assault of the war took place when 2,100 Chilean troops took Pisagua on 2 November 1879. Chilean Navy ships bombarded beach defenses for several hours at dawn, followed by open, oared boats landing army infantry and sapper units into waist-deep water under enemy fire.

The highlight of Ward's long tenure as coach was Penn's trip to 1901 at Henley Regatta. Ward had to change its strategy since the Penn Crew had to row a far shorter distance than they were used to. Ward's eight oared crew still won both of its trial heats at the regatta, but lost in the final to the Leander Club crew of London, England. That year, they were the only American eight man crew to mount a serious challenge to Britain's retention of the Grand Challenge Cup, the most prized trophy in amateur rowing.

In 1966 it once again became the New Admiralty Shipyard as in 1800 and, in 1972, the Leningrad Admiralty Association. The latest name changes occurred in 1992 – State Enterprise "Admiralty Wharves" – and in 2001 – Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Admiralty Wharves". Finally, in 2008, it became an open stock company – OAO "Admiralty Wharves". From its founding through 1917 the shipyard built more than 1000 vessels and ships, including 137 large sail warships, about 700 medium and small sail and oared vessels, and more than 100 iron ships, including 25 armored warships and 8 cruisers.

Several weeks later, he was sent home. On May 25, Gridley was to begin his journey home. One crewman recorded the event as follows: > He came up out of his cabin dressed in civilian clothes and was met by the > rear admiral [Dewey] who extended him a most cordial hand. A look of > troubled disappointment flitted across the captain's brow, but vanished when > he stepped to the head of the gangway and, looking, over saw, not the > launch, but a twelve-oared cutter manned entirely by officers of the > Olympia.

Guilmartin (1974), pp. 264–66 This temporarily upended the strength of older seaside fortresses, which had to be rebuilt to cope with gunpowder weapons. The addition of guns also improved the amphibious abilities of galleys as they could assault supported with heavy firepower, and could be even more effectively defended when beached stern-first. Galleys and similar oared vessels remained uncontested as the most effective gun-armed warships in theory until the 1560s, and in practice for a few decades more, and were considered a grave risk to sailing warships.

59 The Ottomans supplied cannonneers to the alliance, but were unable to provide more due to the ongoing invasion of Cyprus and an uprising in Aden. The army of the Sultan was composed of a large fleet of long galley-type oared ships, 15,000 troops, and Ottoman mercenaries."In 1568 Sultan Alaal-Din of Acheh assembled a huge fleet, with 15000 troops and Turkish mercenaries, and besieged Malacca. Aided by Johore, Dom Leonis Pereira drove off the siege, but Achinese attacks continued for many years." in Dictionary of Battles and Sieges by Tony Jaques p.

There were races for and boats to the Runnel Stone and back, rowing races for 4-oared ″crabbers″, sculling races for punts, a swimming race and the greasy pole contest with a leg of mutton dangling from the top. There was also a duck hunt, where three birds ″were flung″; one of the birds was difficult to catch and was allowed to escape. Music was provided by the Buryan Artillery Volunteers. The local community radio station is Coast FM (formerly Penwith Radio), which broadcasts on 96.5 and 97.2 FM.

Shortly after three > the hour appointed for starting, some 50,000 spectators were gathered on > both sides of the river. Every window which afforded even the most distant > view of the river was occupied by a cluster of eager onlookers, and the > roofs of the public buildings were all alive. The river was busy with > rowing-craft of all descriptions, from the dashing four-oared outrigger to > the humble punt- some pulling aimlessly about, others racing as eagerly as > if the vast mass of spectators had turned out to expressly to see them.

Offshore rowing races are popular in the southwest of England using gigs based on those originally used in the Isles of Scilly for pilotage and attending wrecks as well as smuggling. These are six oared vessels up to about 10 m long with nearly a 2 m beam. Many yacht club "one designs" were popular between 1920 and 1960, such as the Salcombe yawl which was later built in plastic as the Devon yawl. Later more widespread dinghy designs became more popular, such as the "Enterprise" introduced in 1960.

Church of St. Pantaleon in St. Petersburg (1735-39) contains a memorial to the Battle of Gangut. Russians later embellished the description of the battle of Gangut by reclassifying the oared flat-bottomed gun pram Elefanten into a full sailing frigate. The battle was the first major victory of the Russian galley fleet, and is occasionally as such compared by Russians with the Battle of Poltava. The victory is even nowadays celebrated by the Russian Navy, which has a long tradition of always having one vessel named Gangut.

John Sinclair Morrison (15 June 1913 – 25 October 2000), who wrote under the name of J. S. Morrison, was an English classicist whose work led to the reconstruction of an Athenian Trireme, an ancient oared warship. Born in 1913, Morrison was professor of Greek and head of the classics department at the University of Durham from 1945 to 1950. He was a Tutor at Trinity College, Cambridge, from 1950 to 1960, then vice-master of Churchill College, from 1960 to 1965.when he became the first President of University College, later renamed Wolfson College.

This was part of a general policy by Robert of redistributing lands and titles to his extended kin. Niall, however, had been married previously to Alyse de Crawford, by whom he had at least two sons, Sir Colin Og Campbell of Lochawe and Dubhghall. In 1315, King Robert granted the baronies of Loch Awe and Ardscotnish to Cailean for the service of a 40-oared galley for 40 days per annum. This grant, in the view of the most recent historian of the subject, is the real beginning of the Campbell lordship of Lochawe.

25 The first recorded naval battle, the Battle of the Delta between Egyptian forces under Ramesses III and the enigmatic alliance known as the Sea Peoples, occurred as early as 1175 BC. It is the first known engagement between organized armed forces, using sea vessels as weapons of war, though primarily as fighting platforms. It was distinguished by being fought against an anchored fleet close to shore with land-based archer support.Wachsmann (1995), pp. 28–34 The first true Mediterranean galleys usually had between 15 and 25 pairs of oars and were called triaconters or penteconters, literally "thirty-" and "fifty-oared", respectively.

In the western Mediterranean and Atlantic, the division of the Carolingian Empire in the late 9th century brought on a period of instability, meaning increased piracy and raiding in the Mediterranean, particularly by newly arrived Muslim invaders. The situation was worsened by raiding Scandinavian Vikings who used longships, vessels that in many ways were very close to galleys in design and functionality and also employed similar tactics. To counter the threat, local rulers began to build large oared vessels, some with up to 30 pairs of oars, that were larger, faster, and with higher sides than Viking ships.Unger (1980), p.

Phoenician ship models also provide archaeologists information regarding the technical aspects of seafaring, and the cultural importance of seafaring for the ancient Phoenicians. However, some models offer tantalizing pieces of information that are, however, difficult to interpret. Item number H-3134 at the Hecht Museum, a dark-brown clay model of a 5th-century BCE oared boat, is one such craft. The vessel has no provenance, save for the reported location of its discovery off the Phoenician coast, but scientists have been able to tentatively confirm the origin and authenticity of this model.Raban, A. and Y. Kahanow. 2003.

Porus was kept continuously on the move until he decided it was a bluff and relaxed. On every visit to the site of the crossing, Alexander made a detour inland to maintain the secrecy of the plan. It was also reported that there was an Alexander look-alike who held sway in a mock royal tent near the base. Alexander quietly moved his part of the army upstream and then traversed the river in utmost secrecy, using ‘skin floats filled with hay’ as well as ‘smaller vessels cut in half, the thirty oared galleys into three’.

Additionally, a crew of six men were often seen manning a ten-oared boat not far from the shoreline. One night when the Frodis-water inhabitants were gathering for dinner, a seal's head began to emerge from the floor. The people of the house tried to smash the seal back down into the floor boards with sticks and clubs, but the seal kept steadily rising, further out of the floor after each blow. Kiartan, a young man at Frodis-water, ran into the house with a sledge hammer and struck the seal back down into the floorboards.

When Canadian sculler Joseph Wright began coaching at Penn in 1916, he discovered that he had a number of smaller but excellent oarsmen. His idea of creating a crew composed entirely of these lighter weight rowers--averaging 150 pounds per man--quickly spread to other institutions, and by 1919 the American Rowing Association officially recognized competition in lightweight rowing by 150-pounders in eight-oared shells. The initial weight difference between lightweights and heavyweights of that era--about 20 pounds--was not particularly substantial. In fact, lightweight rowers weights were much closer to the heavyweight crews of that era than they are now.

Up until the 1968 Summer Olympics, the United States had a trial system to pick the boats that would represent the United States in the Olympics. The top boats in the country, both collegiate and club, would participate in the Olympic Trials after the end of the collegiate calendar. With the exception of 1964, a college boat won every Olympics Trials in the eight-oared boat (8+) from 1920 through 1968—and all of the boats from 1920 through 1956 won gold medals. College boats also have had some success in the four-man events (4+) and (4-) and the pair (2-).

Coxed eight rowing had been popular at the University of Oxford for a number of years before a club was established at the University of Cambridge around 1827. At a meeting of the Cambridge University Boat Club in February 1829, it was decided to challenge Oxford "to row a match at or near London, each in an eight-oared boat during the ensuing Easter vacation". The race was deferred to the summer, as rowing did not start at Oxford until after Easter,MacMichael, pp. 33–34. and scheduled for 10 June 1829 for a prize of 500 guineas.

He was first selected to row for Australia in sweep-oared boats - a coxless four at the 2007 World Rowing Cup III in Lucerne. That year he raced in the Australian lightweight coxless four at the 2007 World Rowing Championships to a seventh placing. He held his seat in the four into the Olympic year of 2008, contesting two World Rowing Cups (for a bronze medal at WRC III in Poznan) and the 2008 Summer Olympics. At Beijing 2008 in the bow seat of an experienced Australian lightweight four, he placed ninth in tough Olympic competition.

The second incident highlighted by the Reverend happened on 14 January 1865 when the schooner Ocean of Plymouth was blown on to the Woolsiner Sandbanks. The heavy seas soon swamped the vessel and two of her crew were swept away to their death. Eventually a ten oared cutter crewed by twelve fishermen with local knowledge managed to save three men from the stricken vessel. For his part in the rescue, Major Francis Festing, a major in the Royal Marine Artillery who had been at the helm of the cutter throughout the rescue, was awarded a Silver Medal by the RNLI.

Mycenaean ships were shallow-draught vessels and could be beached on sandy bays.. There were vessels of various sizes containing different numbers of oarsmen. The largest ship probably had a crew of 42–46 oarsmen, with one steering oar, a captain, two attendants and a complement of warriors.. The most common type of Mycenaean vessel based on depictions of contemporary art was the oared galley with long and narrow hulls. The shape of the hull was constructed in a way to maximize the number of rowers. Thus, a higher speed could have been achieved regardless of wind conditions.

Durham Regatta is a rowing regatta held annually on the second weekend in June on the River Wear in Durham, North East of England. It is known as the Henley of the North, but began several years before the more prestigious Henley Royal Regatta. Durham Regatta is the second-oldest rowing regatta in England, preceded only by Chester Regatta. The first regatta was held over 17–19 June 1834, opening with a six-oared race in 1834 won by Velocity, owned by W. L. Wharton, High Sheriff of Durham, against the Durham University Original Club in Sylph.

Ben Germein observed the stricken vessel and intercepted her in the lighthouse's new five-oared lifeboat (which had been delivered the previous day), and with Dagwell and crew rescued the three men. The following day they again went out to the John Ormerod, anchored the drifting vessel and recovered the body of the steward. He was later reported as having lost several fingers in rescuing Captain Sevier, of which there was no mention in contemporary reports, though Captain Sevier did suffer a crushed thumb. There were also reports of the lifeboat being inadequate, a claim which was hotly refuted.

The hulls can be kept narrower by attaching riggers to the gunwales, so that the oarlocks can be placed farther out to carry longer oars. A narrower hull means the rowers cannot sit side by side and so they sit one behind another. The riggers are staggered alternately along the boat so that the forces apply asymmetrically to each side of the boat. This means a sweep oared racing shell has to be stiffer in order to handle the unmatched forces, and so requires more bracing, which means it has to be heavier and slower than an equivalent sculling boat.

In 1868, Walter Bradford Woodgate rowing a Brasenose coxed four arranged for his coxswain to jump overboard at the start of the Stewards' Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta to lighten the boat. The unwanted cox narrowly escaped strangulation by the water lilies, but Woodgate and his homemade steering device triumphed by 100 yards and were promptly disqualified. This led to the adoption of Henley Regatta rules specifically prohibiting such conduct and a special prize for four-oared crews without coxswains was offered at the regatta in 1869. However in 1873 the Stewards cup was changed to a coxless four event.

Glenarm Marina thumb Glenarm have three very successful sports teams. There is a Rowing Club (coastal) which trains over the summer months to prepare for the annual all Ireland Rowing Competition. In 2009 the club's Veteran Team won an all-Ireland silver medal at the championships held in Waterville, Co Kerry. The club which was founded in the late 19th century has been enjoying a revival in recent years and holds regular regattas with two other local coastal rowing clubs in Carnlough and Cairndhu Four oared gig racing has a measure of popularity in the village .

A weir was owned by Lincoln College as early as 1302 and this weir may have carried the bridge which is referenced earlier than this. Iffley Lock was the pound lock furthest upstream that was built by the Oxford-Burcot Commission in 1631. In 1790 the Thames Commissioners took over Iffley and the other Oxford-Burcot locks at Sandford and Swift Ditch. The Commission rebuilt the lock in 1793, and the keeper was instructed to take tolls for "punts, pleasure boats, skiffs and wherries" at a charge of sixpence for punts and skiffs and one shilling for four oared craft.

Gardiner suggests that the pinkie stern and increased tumblehome towards the stern permitted the vessel to fire over the quarters. Naval warfare in the Baltic made extensive use of oared gunboats, which would fire on becalmed vessels from the quarter, an angle that normally broadside guns could not cover. The pinkie stern was unpopular with the British, who removed it when they refitted her. Compared to many British frigates of the same period, her main gun deck ports were closer to the water (at when loaded with full supplies), and she had less carrying capacity for supplies.

Mug Ruith (or Mogh Roith, "slave of the wheel") is a figure in Irish mythology, a powerful blind druid of Munster who lived on Valentia Island, County Kerry. He could grow to enormous size, and his breath caused storms and turned men to stone. He wore a hornless bull-hide and a bird mask, and flew in a machine called the roth rámach, the "oared wheel". He had an ox-driven chariot in which night was as bright as day, a star-speckled black shield with a silver rim, and a stone which could turn into a poisonous eel when thrown in water.

Cutler boasted that he had six men in the club that he would not be ashamed to put into a six-oared galley against any club in England. The first recorded season of races took place in on 1 May 1871 between the Lothair (crewed by Single men) and the Adelaide (crewed by Married men); the Singles won. The Premier Rowing Club was formed in 1871 and were the proud owners of the galley Alice. Bournemouth had just purchased the Test so the challenge was out - a £20 stake placed for a four-mile race to be rowed before the end of June.

On 28 January 1788 he wrote in his journal: "A few days after my arrival with the transports in Port Jackson, I set off with a six-oared boat and a small boat, intending to make as good a survey of the harbour as circumstances would admit: I took to my assistance Mr Bradley, the first lieutenant, Mr Keltie, the master, and a young gentleman of the quarter-deck (midshipman Henry Waterhouse)." Hunter's meticulous chart shows 30 depth soundings around the peninsula bounded by the Parramatta and Lane Cove Rivers. Hunter was Governor of the Colony from 1795-1800.

The Ladies' Challenge Plate is one of the events at Henley Royal Regatta on the River Thames at Henley-on-Thames in England. Crews of men's eight-oared boats below the standard of the Grand Challenge Cup can enter, although international standard heavyweight crews are not permitted to row in the Ladies' Plate. The Ladies' Plate was first competed for in 1845, initially as the New Challenge Cup. The following year, it became the Ladies' Challenge Plate, and it has been competed for every year since, except for years which were affected by the two World Wars.

The Bard's conversion to Catholicism had caused him to be mocked and reviled in verse by a fellow Scottish Gaelic poet called "The Mull Satirist." Even though the Mull Satirist accused Alasdair of becoming a Catholic out of careerism and not genuine belief, Alasdair did not convert back to Calvinism during the often savage anti-Catholic and Anti-Episcopalian persecution that followed the defeat of the Uprising. MacDonald (2011), p. 132. At their second meeting, the Bard gave Bishop Forbes two pieces of the eight-oared boat in which the Prince had sailed from Borodale to Benbecula in the aftermath of Culloden.

Robert "Rob" Geoffrey Scott (born 5 August 1969) is an Australian businessman and former national champion and national representative rower. Since 2017 he has been Managing Director and Chief Executive of Wesfarmers, the Perth- headquartered publicly listed industrial and retail conglomerate, which in 2016 was Australia's largest company by revenue and Australia's largest employer. As a sweep-oared heavyweight rower Scott was a national champion, an eight-time crewman in West Australian King's Cup eights and a four-time Australian representative at World Rowing Championships. He is a dual Olympian oarsman who won a silver medal in a coxless pair at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.

During World War II members of the 2nd NZEF based at Maadi Camp competed in regattas on the Nile against local Egyptian rowing clubs. At a regatta held on 20 November 1943 the Maadi Camp Rowing Club "Kiwi" oarsmen beat the Cairo River Club by 11 points to six to win the Freyberg Cup, which they then gifted to the competitors. In return, as a token of friendship, Youssef Bahgat presented the Kiwis with a cup. Youssef Bahgat's cup was offered to the NZARA (now NZRA) as a trophy for an annual boys' eight-oared race between secondary schools and was brought to New Zealand at the end of the war.

Henry George Liddell & Robert Scott Galeos, A Greek- English Lexicon The word "galley" has been attested in English from c. 1300Oxford English Dictionary (2nd edition, 1989), "galley" and has been used in most European languages from around 1500 both as a general term for oared warships, and from the Middle Ages and onward more specifically for the Mediterranean-style vessel.See for example Svenska Akademiens ordbok, "galeja" or "galär ", and Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal, "galeye" It was only from the 16th century that a unified galley concept came in use. Before that, particularly in antiquity, there was a wide variety of terms used for different types of galleys.

116–118 In the late 18th century, the term "galley" was in some contexts used to describe minor oared gun-armed vessels which did not fit into the category of the classic Mediterranean type. In North America, during American Revolutionary War and other wars with France and Britain, the early US Navy and other navies built vessels that were called "galleys" or "row galleys", though they were actually brigantines or Baltic gunboats.Karl Heinz Marquardt, "The Fore and Aft Rigged Warship" in Gardiner & Lavery (1992), p. 64 This type of description was more a characterization of their military role, and was in part due to technicalities in administration and naval financing.

Several water areas are dedicated or restricted to particular forms of water recreation, with specific separate areas for sailing, water skiing and personal watercraft use. Mission Bay is one of the premier locations in Southern California for the sport of rowing, or "crew." One of the largest rowing regattas in the country is held on Mission Bay each year: The San Diego Crew Classic is held in Mission Bay every spring, featuring two days of competition in eight-oared shells rowed by more than 100 college, club, and senior crews. Rose Creek flows into Mission Bay from the north, creating a rich wetland area called the Kendall Frost Marsh.

His principal sculling matches were against Kipping, John Kelley, Jack Phelps, Charles Campbell, Tom Cole, Tom MacKinning, Robert Newell, and Henry Clasper, and his most important pair oared raced was rowed with his brother, Tom Coombes, as a partner against the two Claspers. In sculling Coombes beat the majority of the best professional scullers on the circuit. On 3 October 1888, he beat John Kelley from Westminster to Putney but as Kelley had had a small accident during the race they agreed to meet again the following day, when Kelley was beaten easily. This was the first professional match without fouling of which there is any record.

Caius Boat Club (CBC; Caius pronounced keys) is the boat club for members of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. The Club has rowed on the River Cam since 1827, and like the other college boat clubs its aim is to gain and hold the headship of the Lent Bumps and May Bumps, now held in eight-oared boats, separately for men and women. The club had a golden era from 1998 to 2007, finding itself in the top echelons of college rowing on both the men's and women's sides. From the May Bumps 1998 until the May Bumps 2007 Caius took 19 headships, 15 of these by the men.

22, 1865– a decade into the flourishing of rowing clubs on Philadelphia's Schuylkill River– with the founding of the Washington Barge Club. Five years later, on Jan 1, 1870, it changed its name to Vesper Boat Club and quickly became one of the most celebrated rowing clubs in the United States and the world. Vesper's eight- oared shell took the gold medal in Paris at the 1900 Summer Olympics. The Vesper eight repeated its victory at the 1904 games in St. Louis. And at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, Vesper's eight won again, making it the only rowing club in the United States to win the title three times.

This medal was won when he was competing for Ballarat City Rowing Club and was the first Olympic representation and medal awarded to a Ballarat City member in the club's 125 year history. In 1997 Edwards remained in the Australian lightweight double scull now paired with Queensland's Gary Lynagh. They raced at two Rowing World Cups in Europe before contesting the 1997 World Rowing Championships in Aiguebelette, France where they finished fifth. In 1998 the Australian selectors switched Edwards to sweep-oared representative crews and he raced at two World Rowing Cups in Europe and at the 1998 World Rowing Championships in the lightweight coxless four.

Edwards' senior rowing was done from the Ballarat City Rowing Club where he moved to take up sculling in 1990. He previously rowed at St. Patrick's College, Ballarat, earlier in the same year and stroked the Firsts crew to victory in the Ballarat Head of the Lake Regatta. That victory broke the 22 year drought for the school who had not won the premier event of Head of the Lake Regatta for that long. He joined Wendouree-Ballarat Club Rowing Club in 1999 moving to four-oared crews. Later in his career he relocated to Tasmania in 2006 where he rowed from the New Norfolk Rowing Club in Hobart.

Hanson competed in his second Olympic Games at Atlanta 1996 where he won a bronze medal in the quadruple sculls with Snook, Free and Janusz Hooker new to the bow seat. Hanson took a break after Atlanta and then moved back into sweep oared boats in 1998 and again into representative contention. Australia's prominent crew of the early nineties, the Oarsome Foursome were in their first year of a post Olympics comeback in 1998 and they raced in coxed boats. Together with Ben Dodwell and the twins Geoff and James Stewart, Hansen moved into the Australian men's coxless four with their eyes on a 2000 Olympics campaign.

From the 11th century, the abbey was the centre of a large water-borne transport network as further canalisations and new channels were made, including the diversion of the Brue to access to the estate at Meare and an easier route to the Bristol Channel. In the 13th century, the abbey's head boatman transported the abbot in an eight-oared boat on visits to the abbey's nearby manors. During the Middle Ages, bone fragments of Saint Caesarius of Terracina were translated to Glastonbury Abbey.Ex ossibus S. Caesarii: Ricomposizione delle reliquie di San Cesario diacono e martire di Terracina, testi ed illustrazioni di Giovanni Guida, [s.l.

He learned that a smaller motor boat named Smiling Morn was berthed in Voe, Delting, and suggested that this vessel accompanied by a four-oared rowing boat would have a better chance at success. He, with John Falconer, master of the trawler Boscobell, and W. H. Dougall from The Missions to Seamen proceeded to Voe and enrolled the assistance of Smiling Morn. They headed for Housa Voe, Papa Stour to procure the expertise of someone there with experience of the seabed around the Ve Skerries. By entering Housa Voe in rough conditions and during the night, they themselves nearly collided with a sunken rock.

Relocating to Sydney Robertson took on a senior coaching role at the Drummoyne Rowing Club. He was involved in schoolboy coaching with the Sydney Grammar School and was in charge in 1978 when Grammar eights took both the 1st and 2nd VIII titles at the GPS Head of the River following a 22 year drought. Robertson coached Drummoyne rowers and scullers, lightweight and heavyweight in competition for national titles at the Australian Rowing Championships from 1978. He was coach of New South Wales state senior eights competing in the Interstate Eight-Oared Championship (the King's Cup) in 1979, 1983, 1984 (to victory), 1985, 1987 and 1988.

In a quad scull the riggers apply forces symmetrically. A sweep oared boat has to be stiffer to handle the unmatched forces, and so requires more bracing, which means it has to be heavier than an equivalent sculling boat. However most rowing clubs cannot afford to have a dedicated large hull with four seats, which might be rarely used and instead generally opt for versatility in their fleet by using stronger shells that can be rigged either as fours or quads. "Coxless four" is one of the classes recognized by the International Rowing FederationFISA World Rowing - Olympic Games and is an event at the Olympic Games.

1901 Cornell Varsity 8 oared Rowing Team - Lueder is 5th from the left Lueder graduated from Cornell University with a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine in 1902. He was one of the first students to excel in three varsity sports there, competing under three legendary coaches: football under Glenn Scobey Warner, track under Jack Moakley, and crew under Charles E. Courtney. His undergraduate success led to his membership in the Quill and Dagger society. Lueder was at that time considered one of the strongest athletes Cornell had ever developed. In 1901, Lueder was part of Cornell’s world-record-setting varsity eight at the Intercollegiate Rowing Association Championship Regatta in Poughkeepsie, New York.

Records indicate that Alexander had several large oared ships built at Ayr, but he avoided a sea battle. Defeat on land at the Battle of Largs and winter storms forced the Norwegian fleet to return home, leaving the Scottish crown as the major power in the region and leading to the ceding of the Western Isles to Alexander in 1266.A. Macquarrie, Medieval Scotland: Kinship and Nation (Thrupp: Sutton, 2004), , p. 153. English naval power was vital to King Edward I's successful campaigns in Scotland from 1296, using largely merchant ships from England, Ireland and his allies in the Islands to transport and supply his armies.

During this period the standard Mediterranean warship was the quinquereme, meaning "five-oared". The quinquereme was a galley, long, wide at water level, with its deck standing above the sea, and displacing around 100 tonnes (110 short tons; 100 long tons). The galley expert John Coates suggested that they could maintain 7 knots (8 mph; 13 km/h) for extended periods. The modern replica galley Olympias has achieved speeds of 8.5 knots (10 mph; 16 km/h) and cruised at for hours on end. Average speeds of 5–6 knots (6–7 mph; 9–11 km/h) were recorded on contemporary voyages of up to a week.

Perspective drawings for another rowing painting, The Pair-Oared Shell, were so precise that one researcher claimed not only to be able to reconstruct distances within the picture, but to establish the position of the sun so as to ascertain the scene's dating as 7:20 P.M. on either May 28 or July 27. Cited in Sewell, p. 17. Its preparation and composition indicates the importance of Eakins' academic training in Paris. It was a completely original conception, true to Eakins' firsthand experience, and an almost startlingly successful image for the artist, who had struggled with his first outdoor composition less than a year before.

Clare Boat Club is the rowing club for members of Clare College, Cambridge, it was founded in 1831. Like other college boat clubs at the University of Cambridge, the prime constitutional aim of Clare Boat Club is to gain and hold the Headship of the Lent Bumps and May Bumps, now held in eight-oared boats, separately for men and women. In the May Bumps, Clare Men's 1st VIII rose to Head of the River in 1941 and held it until 1944, regaining the Headship again in 1949. Clare Women's 1st VIII started 1st in the first ever women's Lent Bumps in 1976 but did not gain the Headship.

He was also said to be secretive, self-righteous, and moody, and could not tolerate criticism, all of which severely strained the expedition and which led to his physician John Kirk writing in 1862, "I can come to no other conclusion than that Dr Livingstone is out of his mind and a most unsafe leader". Artist Thomas Baines was dismissed from the expedition on charges of theft (which he vigorously denied). The expedition became the first to reach Lake Malawi and they explored it in a four-oared gig. In 1862, they returned to the coast to await the arrival of a steam boat specially designed to sail on Lake Malawi.

Early years The earliest record of rowing in Maidenhead is from July 5, 1839, where a regatta was held on the Cliveden Reach several weeks after the first- ever Henley Regatta. Two boats from Maidenhead competed for the Town Cup for four-oared boats - the 'Star' and the 'Lady of the Lake'. The following year, 'The Star' club from Maidenhead entered the District Challenge Cup at Henley Regatta. The crew was formed of W. Skindle, H. Fuller, G. Robinson, J. Brown(s) and W. Brown(c) (given the time period, W. Skindle can safely be assumed to be William Skindle, who was the founder of the infamous Skindles hotel in Maidenhead).

Cooper's senior rowing was with the Mercantile Rowing Club in Melbourne and he was selected to train at the Australian Institute of Sport from 1986. Cooper competed at the National Regatta in Mercantile colours in coxless pair and in coxed and coxless four from 1986 to 1988 and in 1990. He won Australian national titles at those Australian Rowing Championships in 1986 in a coxless four; and in 1990 in both the coxed and coxless four with other members of the Oarsome Foursome. Cooper was selected in Victorian state representative King's Cup crews contesting the men's Interstate Eight-Oared Championship at the Australian Rowing Championships in 1988, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995.

Yale University's four-oared crew team, posing with the 1876 Centennial Regatta trophy. W.E. White seated second from right; White's appearance in an 1879 major league game, the first for an African American, came 68 years before Jackie Robinson permanently broke the baseball color lineRobert Siegel, "Black Baseball Pioneer William White's 1879 Game," National Public Radio, broadcast January 30, 2004 (audio at npr.org); Stefan Fatsis, "Mystery of Baseball: Was William White Game's First Black?", Wall Street Journal, January 30, 2004; Peter Morris and Stefan Fatsis, "Baseball's Secret Pioneer: William Edward White, the first black player in major-league history," Slate, February 4, 2014; "Bill White (whitebi01)", Baseball-Reference.

Illustration of a wugongchuan (centipede ship) from the 16th century Chou hai tu bian (籌海圖編) The wugongchuan (蜈蚣船), or centipede ship, is a Chinese oared vessel of the 16th century inspired by the Portuguese galley. The defining characteristic of the wugongchuan is its numerous oars on its sides, evoking the image of a centipede, giving it its name. The wugongchuan was part of a series of Chinese experimentation with European ship designs of the period, as they attempted to fit onto their ships the new breech-loading swivel guns, also brought by the Portuguese. Until this time, oars in such numbers were rarely used in large Chinese crafts.

Hattendorf and Unger (2003) pp, 70 The low freeboard of the galley meant that in close action with a sailing vessel, the sailing vessel would usually maintain a height advantage. The sailing vessel could also fight more effectively farther out at sea and in rougher wind conditions because of the height of their freeboard.Glete (2000) pp 18 Under sail, an oared warship was placed at much greater risk as a result of the piercings for the oars which were required to be near the waterline and would allow water to ingress into the galley if the vessel heeled too far to one side. These advantages and disadvantages led the galley to be and remain a primarily coastal vessel.

Stanley was forced to fight in his shirt, having had no time to don armour, and was wounded in the thigh, the arm and side, and in the back (he claimed he had turned to his men to urge them on). Some of the horse were burned in the abbey, and the enemy fell away without pursuit, and soon after twenty four oared galleys of the Scots rowed across Ballycastle Bay while Stanley's ships remained at anchor in flat calm conditions. Although he subsequently almost defeated Sorley Boy's nephew, reinforcements arrived from Scotland and there was little more to be achieved. Stanley returned to England in October, where his service in Ireland was considered to have been brilliant.

A three-year letterman, he rowed in the No.3 seat of the heavyweight varsity eight-oared crew which won the Intercollegiate Rowing Association (IRA) championship in both 1981 and 1982. The varsity eight competed for the Grand Challenge Cup at the Henley Royal Regatta in 1981, while the 1982 varsity went on to place second at the Cincinnati Regatta in 1982. As a sophomore in 1980, he also rowed in the No.3 seat in the junior varsity eight which won the IRA championship. As a member of the U.S. rowing team, he rowed in the four-man with coxswain crew which won a silver medal at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles.

On 28 March 1791, William and Mary Bryant, the children, and fellow prisoners William Allen, James Martin, Samuel Bird alias John Simms, Samuel Broom alias John Butcher, James Cox alias Rolt, Nathaniel Lillie, and William Morton (an experienced navigator), stole Governor Arthur Phillip's six-oared cutter. After a voyage of sixty-six days, the group reached Kupang, in West Timor on the island of Timor, a journey of 5,000 kilometres. This voyage has often been compared with William Bligh's similar journey in an open boat only two years earlier, after the mutiny on the Bounty.Robert Hughes, The Fatal Shore, 1987 London: Collins Harvill, page 205 Bligh's voyage had also ended in Timor.

Despite scoring a victory over the Ottoman fleet in its anchorage at Phocaea on 12 May 1649, capturing or destroying several ships, da Riva was not able to prevent the Ottoman armada from eventually reaching Crete.Setton (1991), p. 155 This highlighted the weakness of the Venetian position: maintaining long blockades with galleys was an inherently difficult task, and the Republic did not have enough ships to control both the Dardanelles and the passage of Chios at the same time. In addition, in a major development, 1648 the Ottomans decided, in a meeting chaired by the Sultan himself, to build and employ galleons in their fleet, instead of relying exclusively on oared galleys as hitherto.Bostan (2009), pp.

According to these advertisements there were croquet lawns and tennis courts plus a spring.Herne Bay Press, 1889 A third sale of 144 plots took place on 7 July 1890 making £2,450 for the Land Company, and events included a regatta with a coastguards' race and pair-oared rowing race, plus a traditional duck hunt in which a man acts as duck. The fourth and final auction of 124 plots on 28 July 1890 promised yet another special train from London and the opportunity to buy the shop plots and more villa plots. Four shop plots went for £54, villa plots for £3 to £7, and we are not told the sum earned by the company.

James Kelly wrote in his narrative First Discovery of Port Davey and Macquarie Harbour how he sailed from Hobart in a small open five-oared whaleboat to discover Macquarie Harbour on 28 December 1815. However, different accounts of the journey have indicated different methods and dates of the discovery. In the commentary to the Historical Records of Australia, the editor notes that T.W. Birch stated before the commission of inquiry into the state of the colony in 1820 that Kelly had discovered Macquarie Harbour after proceeding along in a boat from Port Davey where they had travelled in the schooner Henrietta Packet. Kelly gave evidence before the commission, and did not mention any discoveries.

In 1263 Hakon responded to Alexander III's designs on the Hebrides by personally leading a major fleet of forty vessels, including the Kristsúðin, to the islands, where they were swelled by local allies to as many as 200 ships.P. J. Potter, Gothic Kings of Britain: the Lives of 31 Medieval Rulers, 1016–1399 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2008), , p. 157. Records indicate that Alexander had several large oared ships built at Ayr, but he avoided a sea battle. Defeat on land at the Battle of Largs and winter storms forced the Norwegian fleet to return home, leaving the Scottish crown as the major power in the region and leading to the ceding of the Western Isles to Alexander in 1266.

Karrasch made his Australian representative debut at age eighteen the 1994 World Rowing U23 Championships in Paris in an Australian junior double scull which finished in twelfth place. A few weeks later in that same double with Martin Inglis he raced at the 1994 Junior World Rowing Championships in Munich and won a bronze medal.Karrasch at World Rowing At the 1995 World Rowing Championships in Tampere, Finland Karrasch was elevated to the senior squad when he rowed in the lightweight quad scull which finished in sixth place. For the 1996 Athens Olympics Karrasch moved into a sweep oared boat when he rowed in the lightweight coxless four to a sixth place in the Olympic final.

Part of the fleet was sent off to the Philippine Islands under Ruy López de Villalobos and two of the ships were sent north under the command of Cabrillo. On June 27, 1542, Cabrillo set out from Navidad with three ships: the 200-ton galleon and flagship San Salvador, the smaller La Victoria (c. 100 tons), and the lateen-rigged, twenty-six oared "fragata" or "bergantin" San Miguel.Kelsey (1986), p. 123. On August 1, Cabrillo anchored within sight of Cedros Island. Before the end of the month they had passed Baja Point (named "Cabo del Engaño" by de Ulloa in 1539) and entered "uncharted waters, where no Spanish ships had been before".

Hauenstein became the Leichhardt club's first eight-oared state representative, rowing in the New South Wales men's eight at the Interstate Regatta for five consecutive years from 1907 to 1911. Those New South Wales crews were victorious in 1908, 1910 and 1911. Hauenstein also raced at one point for the Balmain Rowing Club and then following his 1912 national selection joined the Sydney Rowing Club with the entire Australian eight so that they could enter and race at the Henley Royal Regatta as a club entrant. In 1912 he was a member of the Australian men's eight which racing as a Sydney Rowing Club entrant, won the Grand Challenge Cup on the River Thames at the Henley Royal Regatta.

The topic of Brown crew was brought up off and on for many years, but there was concern that a revival of crew would draw too heavily from the pool of track athletes and might also create a heavy financial burden on the university. In 1947, two former prep-school oarsmen, James Donaldson and Harlan Bartlett, began to rebuild the program. With ten other students who had previous experience in rowing, the twelve oarsmen bought an old eight-oared shell from St. Andrew's School in Delaware for $100. With their new boat, rented boat space at the Narragansett Boat Club, and volunteer coach, Robert O. Reed, the crew began practicing on the Seekonk River.

The Russians had built a large floating pontoon bridge across the Genitchi Strait, Sea of Azov, to connect the town of Genitchi to the Arabat Spit, and it served as the main supply route to reinforce their troops at Sevastopol. The destruction of the bridge would force the Russians to travel an extra to deliver supplies, and it therefore became a strategic objective for British forces. Two attacks to cut the floating bridge's hawsers had proved unsuccessful and alerted the Russian garrison. The British made a third attempt on 3 July 1855 using HMS Beagle's four-oared gig, commanded by Gunner John Hayles, and a small paddle-box steamer with one gun, under Midshipman Martin Tracy.

Captain John Hunter (1737-1821) of the Sirius, charted Sydney Harbour in 1788. On 28 January 1788 he wrote in his journal: "A few days after my arrival with the transports in Port Jackson, I set off with a six-oared boat and a small boat, intending to make as good a survey of the harbour as circumstances would admit: I took to my assistance Mr Bradley, the first lieutenant, Mr Keltie, the master, and a young gentleman of the quarter- deck (midshipman Henry Waterhouse)." Hunter's meticulous chart shows 30 depth soundings around the peninsula bounded by the Parramatta and Lane Cove rivers. Hunter was Governor of the Colony from 1795-1800.

Captain John Hunter (1737-1821) of the Sirius, charted Sydney Harbour in 1788. On 28 January 1788 he wrote in his journal: "A few days after my arrival with the transports in Port Jackson, I set off with a six-oared boat and a small boat, intending to make as good a survey of the harbour as circumstances would admit: I took to my assistance Mr Bradley, the first lieutenant, Mr Keltie, the master, and a young gentleman of the quarter-deck (midshipman Henry Waterhouse)." Hunter's meticulous chart shows 30 depth soundings around the peninsula bounded by the Parramatta and Lane Cove Rivers. Hunter was Governor of the Colony from 1795-1800.

Captain John Hunter (1737-1821) of the Sirius, charted Sydney Harbour in 1788. On 28 January 1788 he wrote in his journal: "A few days after my arrival with the transports in Port Jackson, I set off with a six-oared boat and a small boat, intending to make as good a survey of the harbour as circumstances would admit: I took to my assistance Mr Bradley, the first lieutenant, Mr Keltie, the master, and a young gentleman of the quarter-deck (midshipman Henry Waterhouse)." Hunter's meticulous chart shows 30 depth soundings around the peninsula bounded by the Parramatta and Lane Cove rivers. Hunter was Governor of the Colony from 1795-1800.

Captain John Hunter (1737–1821) of the Sirius, charted Sydney Harbour in 1788. On 28 January 1788 he wrote in his journal: "A few days after my arrival with the transports in Port Jackson, I set off with a six-oared boat and a small boat, intending to make as good a survey of the harbour as circumstances would admit: I took to my assistance Mr Bradley, the first lieutenant, Mr Keltie, the master, and a young gentleman of the quarter-deck (midshipman Henry Waterhouse)." Hunter's meticulous chart shows 30 depth soundings around the peninsula bounded by the Parramatta and Lane Cove Rivers. Hunter was Governor of the Colony from 1795-1800.

Captain John Hunter (1737-1821) of the Sirius, charted Sydney Harbour in 1788. On 28 January 1788 he wrote in his journal: "A few days after my arrival with the transports in Port Jackson, I set off with a six-oared boat and a small boat, intending to make as good a survey of the harbour as circumstances would admit: I took to my assistance Mr Bradley, the first lieutenant, Mr Keltie, the master, and a young gentleman of the quarter-deck (midshipman Henry Waterhouse)." Hunter's meticulous chart shows 30 depth soundings around the peninsula bounded by the Parramatta and Lane Cove rivers. Hunter was Governor of the Colony from 1795-1800.

That year he was also Australia's lightweight single sculler at the U23 World Championships in Hamburg where he won a gold medal and an U23 world championship title. He then was Australia's lightweight single sculling entrant at the 1999 World Rowing Championships in St Catharines, Canada where he missed the A final and rowed to an overall seventh place finish. In 2000 Parker moved into selection contention in sweep- oared boats. He was in the five seat of the Australian men's lightweight eight when they won gold at the World Rowing Cup III in Lucerne and the held his seat for the 2000 World Rowing Championships in Zagreb where the eight rowed to a bronze medal.

This date is considered the official founding of the Imperial Russian Navy. During the Great Northern War of 1700–1721, the Russians built the Baltic Fleet. The construction of the oared fleet (galley fleet) took place in 1702–1704 at several shipyards (estuaries of the rivers Syas, Luga and Olonka). In order to defend the conquered coastline and attack enemy's maritime communications in the Baltic Sea, the Russians created a sailing fleet from ships built in Russia and others imported from abroad. From 1703 to 1723, the main naval base of the Baltic Fleet was located in Saint Petersburg and then in Kronstadt. Bases were also created in Reval (Tallinn) and in Vyborg after it was ceded by Sweden after Russo-Swedish War (1741-1743).

A Castilian naval raid on the island of Jersey in 1405 became the first recorded battle where a Mediterranean power employed a naval force consisting mostly of cogs or nefs, rather than the oared-powered galleys. The Battle of Gibraltar between Castile and Portugal in 1476 was another important sign of change; it was the first recorded battle where the primary combatants were full-rigged ships armed with wrought-iron guns on the upper decks and in the waists, foretelling of the slow decline of the war galley.Mott (2003), pp. 109–111 The transition from the Mediterranean war galley to the sailing vessel as the preferred method of vessel in the Mediterranean is tied directly to technological developments and the inherent handling characteristics of each vessel types.

Other notable ships included one possibly named the Delias, a triakonter (thirty-oared galley) believed to be the ship in which Theseus had sailed to Crete, and which was involved in several traditional theoria to Delos; the vessel was constantly repaired by replacing individual planks to keep it seaworthy while maintaining its identity as the same ship.Jordan, Athenian Navy, 160-161. (For the philosophical question of the ship's identity, see Ship of Theseus.) After the reforms of Cleisthenes, a ship was named for each of the ten tribes that political leader had created; these ships may also have been sacred ships.Jordan, Athenian Navy, 179; see however Lewis, Athenian Navy, 71, for scholarly caution on expanding the number of sacred ships too far.

The Inquisition also pursued offenses against morals and general social order, at times in open conflict with the jurisdictions of civil tribunals. In particular, there were trials for bigamy, a relatively frequent offence in a society that only permitted divorce under the most extreme circumstances. In the case of men, the penalty was two hundred lashes and five to ten years of "service to the Crown". Said service could be whatever the court deemed most beneficial for the nation but it usually was either five years as an oarsman in a royal galley for those without any qualification (possibly a death sentence),Statistics are not available for Spanish oarsmen, but the general state of Mediterranean oared galleys circa 1570 was grim; cf.

Sir Henry Drummond Wolff who was then the Parliamentary candidate for Christchurch and Bournemouth presented the club with a four oared racing galley called the Lothair, which was the title of a novel by the Earl of Beaconsfield. This gift set an example, followed for many years by the Parliamentary candidate, to present a racing galley to the local club. These boats were usually built by Picket or some other expert at Southampton, and though quite light, were designed for sea rowing and so much stouter than 'fine' boats used at river Regattas such as the Henley Royal Regatta. 1871 However, only one racing galley was not sufficient so a public subscription was raised to purchase a second, called the Adelaide.

In 1919, Tabor was one of the first American prep schools to formally establish a rowing program. The strong rowing history at Tabor dates back almost a century. Both the men's and the women's teams have been active participants in the Henley Royal Regatta in Henley-on-Thames, UK. The men won the Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup in 1965, the Thames Challenge Cup in 1936, 1937 and 1939 and have made it to the finals in both numerous times. In 1939, the New York Times reported on Tabor's dominance on the international level, stating that "It is almost a maxim nowadays that either Tabor Academy or Kent School will win the Thames Challenge Cup race for eight-oared crews.""FIRST BY 3 LENGTHS", New York Times, July 9, 1939.

On 29 July 1800, acting Lieutenant Jeremiah Coghlan was in command of the 14-gun cutter Viper, attached to Sir Edward Pellew's squadron, when he led a famous cutting outTo "cut out" is to capture and carry off an enemy vessel while she is at anchor or in a harbour. expedition, during a blockade of Port Louis, on the South Coast of Brittany. He persuaded Edward Pellew to lend him a 10-oared cutter and 12 volunteers from Impetueux and with boats also from and Viper, the Irish fire-eater planned to launch a night raid on some of the gun-boats and vessels which were guarding the entrance to the harbour. Coghlan took six of his own men and Midshipman Silas Paddon from Viper, which made 20 men in total.

Gulston took part in the single scull and in the double scull with Labat. Prior to the event the rowers went for a swim in the Harlem giving scope for the local newspapers to describe their physiques. The New York Times wrote of Gulston "very much larger than the others His face is full with heavy whiskers and he is in all respects a thorough English oarsman. His shoulders and back are immense while he is not the least lacking in full development of arms and legs."THE LONDON FOUR-OARED CREW; ARRIVAL OF THE ENGLISH OARSMEN New York Times August 14, 1876 In 1877 LRC won the Grand as well as Stewards and in 1879 Gulston had his fifth win in Silver Goblets, this time partnering R H Labat.

The Goldthwait Cup is awarded to the winner of the annual triangular regatta among the varsity lightweight eight-oared crews of Harvard, Princeton, and Yale. The trophy was presented in 1926 by Henry Kimball Prince (Harvard Class of 1924) — captain of the first Harvard lightweight varsity eight to defeat both Princeton and Yale — and made retroactive to reflect the H-Y-P regatta results from 1922. Prince named the cup in honor of his Harvard roommate, Vincent Bowditch Goldthwait, who had drowned at the end of his sophomore year. From 1922 to 2011, the Cup has been won 41 times by Harvard, 25 times by Princeton, and 19 times by Yale, with one tie between Harvard and Yale, and a break for the four seasons during World War II, from 1943 to 1946.

Martin was apparently a useful tradesman in Sydney, and his narrative – known as the Memorandoms of James Martin – is the only extant first-hand account written by a First Fleet convict. On the night of 28 March 1791, Martin, along with William Bryant, his wife Mary (née Broad) and their two children Charlotte and Emanuel, William Allen, Samuel Bird, Samuel Broom, James Cox, Nathaniel Lillie, and William Morton, stole the colony's six-oared open boat. In this vessel, the party navigated the eastern and northern coasts of Australia, survived several ferocious storms, encountered Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, and reached Kupang in Dutch West Timor on 5 June 1791, the entire party having survived. There, they successfully – for a while, at least – passed themselves off as the survivors of a shipwreck.

Inter-colonial racing began in Australia in 1833 when a Sydney crew raced a Hobart crew in whalers. Schools, varsity and club events were the top-class races throughout the mid 19th century although New South Wales and Victoria raced regularly (though not annually) in men's IVs from 1863. In 1878 Victoria and New South Wales commenced inter-colonial racing in eight-oared boats and the other colonies and (later states) joined them such that by 1906 all six Australian states were sending a men's VIII and perhaps a sculler, to the annual Interstate Regatta. A national open rowing championship was discussed at Australian Rowing Council meetings from 1946 but it wasn't until the 1960s that support for the concept was unanimous outside of New South Wales and Victoria.

The college fields teams in a range of sports including, men's football, men's and women's rugby, tennis and Ultimate Frisbee. Downing College Boat Club is successful too, with the Women's first boat gaining Lents Headship of the river in 2004 and most recently in 2020, and the Mays Headship in the 2014 and 2015 May Bumps. The men's first boat has held the headship several times in the 1980s and 1990s (for example in 1994 to 1996) while gaining the Mays headship in 1996 and the Lents Headship in 2014, on each occasion recognising the tradition of "burning the boat" (using an old wooden 8 oared boat), while the rowers of the winning boat jump the flames. They both currently hold positions at or near the top in both University bumps races [Lents and Mays].

In Pindar's Fourth Pythian Ode, Aeëtes of Colchis tells the hero Jason that the Golden Fleece he is seeking is in a copse guarded by a dragon, "which surpassed in breadth and length a fifty-oared ship". Jason slays the dragon and makes off with the Golden Fleece together with his co-conspirator, Aeëtes's daughter, Medea. The earliest artistic representation of this story is an Attic red-figure kylix dated to 480–470 BC, showing a bedraggled Jason being disgorged from the dragon's open mouth as the Golden Fleece hangs in a tree behind him and Athena, the goddess of wisdom, stands watching. A fragment from Pherecydes of Athens states that Jason killed the dragon, but fragments from the Naupactica and from Herodorus state that he merely stole the Fleece and escaped.

Lady Freda and Teign Spirit lead away from the harbour at St Mary's, Isles of Scilly, during the world pilot gig championships The Cornish pilot gig is a six-oared rowing boat, clinker-built of Cornish narrow-leaf elm, long with a beam of . It is recognised as one of the first shore-based lifeboats that went to vessels in distress, with recorded rescues going back as far as the late 17th century. The original purpose of the Cornish pilot gig was as a general work boat, and the craft is used as a pilot boat, taking pilots out to incoming vessels off the Atlantic Coast. At the time pilots would compete between each other for work; the fastest gig crew who got their pilot on board a vessel first would get the job, and hence the payment.

The club's early history was lost in the great cyclone which hit Calcutta in 1864, during which the boat house and the boats, together with the minute books and records, disappeared. The only things preserved were the accounts of 1858-59 signed by John Cowle, as the Honorary Secretary and Treasurer, and he goes down in history as the first officer on record. In these records it is noted that a six oared boat was purchased for Rs. 300 and the following year a ‘Four’ was imported from Hong Kong for a sum of Rs. 448. After the cyclone, a temporary thatched roof boat house was built in 1861, on the banks of the Hooghly near Chand pal Ghat, the Regatta course was 1 mile from Fort Point to Shalimar or from Shalimar to Botanical Gardens.

Considerable progress was also being made with the task of repatriating the Spanish prisoners to Spain. He was now able to dispatch the Euryalus to England with his third dispatch, and she sailed from off Cape Trafalgar on 7 November with the captured French Commander in Chief, Admiral Pierre de Villeneuve, on board. On Sunday 24 November, it was reported from Falmouth that " The hon. Capt. Blackwood landed here this evening, from his majesty's ship Euryalus, which he left off the Lizard this morning, and came up in his 8-oared cutter; he went off express for London immediately". Blackwood followed in Lapenotière's steps, reaching London late on 26 November, and The Times of Thursday the 28th carried Collingwood’s assessment of the condition and whereabouts of the ships of the defeated French and Spanish fleets, the prize list.

141 In time, the term "liburnian" came to mean "warship" in a generic sense. In addition, there were smaller oared vessels, such as the navis actuaria, with 30 oars (15 on each bank), a ship primarily used for transport in coastal and fluvial operations, for which its shallow draught and flat keel were ideal. In late antiquity, it was succeeded in this role by the navis lusoria ("playful ship"), which was extensively used for patrols and raids by the legionary flotillas in the Rhine and Danube frontiers. Roman ships were commonly named after gods (Mars, Iuppiter, Minerva, Isis), mythological heroes (Hercules), geographical maritime features such as Rhenus or Oceanus, concepts such as Harmony, Peace, Loyalty, Victory (Concordia, Pax, Fides, Victoria) or after important events (Dacicus for the Trajan's Dacian Wars or Salamina for the Battle of Salamis).

Notwithstanding his King's Cup success for New South Wales in the sweep-oared men's eight, Noonan's Australian representation was (excepting his junior debut) always in sculling boats. His World Championship medal success – gold in 2011, bronze in 2010 and silver in 2009 – came as stroke of the Australian men's quad scull. Both of his Olympic appearances were also in stroke seat of the quad – a fourth place in the Olympic final at Beijing 2008 and a bronze medal at London 2012.Noonan at World Rowing Noonan first represented Australia at the 1997 Junior World Rowing Championships in Hazewinkel, Belgium where he stroked a junior coxed four to a fifth placing. His next national appearance was in 2000 in an U23 quad scull which raced at the World Rowing Cup III in Lucerne before contesting the 2000 World Rowing U23 Championships in Copenhagen where they took a silver medal.

Trewavas was 19 years old, and a seaman in the Royal Navy during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC. On 3 July 1855 in the Strait of Genitchi, Sea of Azov in the Crimea, Seaman Trewavas of HMS Beagle was sent in a 4-oared gig to destroy a bridge, and so cut the Russians' main supply route. This was the third attempt, the first two having failed. As the gig ground against the bridge, Seaman Trewavas leapt out with an axe and began to hew away at the hawsers holding the pontoons together, and although the enemy kept up a heavy fire, particularly on Trewavas himself, he continued until his task was completed, and the two severed ends of the pontoon began to drift apart. He was wounded as he got back into the gig.

Stow Minster The Minster Church of St Mary, Stow in Lindsey, is a major Anglo- Saxon church in Lincolnshire and is one of the largest and oldest parish church buildings in England. It has been claimed that the Minster originally served as the cathedral church of the diocese of Lindsey, founded in the 7th century and is sometimes referred to as the "Mother Church of Lincolnshire". It is partly Saxon and partly Norman in date and is designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building and was also included in the World Monuments Fund's 2006 list of the world's 100 most endangered sites. It has the tallest Saxon arches of its time in Britain, the earliest known example of Viking graffiti in England (a rough scratching of an oared Viking sailing ship, probably dating from the 10th century), an Early English font standing on nine supports with pagan symbols around its base and an early wall painting dedicated to St Thomas Becket.

After participating in Drake's successful voyage, Oxenham launched his own expedition to Panama, leaving Plymouth on 9 April 1576 with an 11-gun frigate (100–140 tons, name unknown) and 57 men,James Seay Dean, Tropics Bound: Elizabeth's Seadogs on the Spanish Main, The History Press, 2010. Chapter "Undone by Chicken Feathers and a Lady." and after taking some prizes and prisoners, hid his ship and prizes and proceeded on the Panama mainland. The Cimarrones guided Oxenham and his men across the Cordillera de San Blas to the head of the Chucunaque River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean. During the winter, Oxenham's men and their Cimarron allies felled and milled cedar trees to build a shallow-draft 45 foot, oared boat, that they then floated down the river and into the ocean, making Oxenham the first Englishman to build a vessel in the New World; he wasn't the first to sail in the Pacific as Magellan's master gunner was an Englishman.

In a cause celebre, Walter Bradford Woodgate introduced the coxless four to the United Kingdom in 1868, when he got his Brasenose cox, Frederic Weatherly (later a well-known lawyer and writer of the song "Danny Boy"), to jump overboard at the start of the Steward's Cup at Henley Royal Regatta. While Weatherley narrowly escaped strangulation by the water lilies, Woodgate and his home-made steering device triumphed by 100 yards and were promptly disqualified. A special Prize for four-oared crews without coxswains was offered at the regatta in 1869 when it was won by the Oxford Radleian Club and when Stewards’ became a coxless race in 1873, Woodgate "won his moral victory," the Rowing Almanack later recalled. “Nothing but defeating a railway in an action at law could have given him so much pleasure.” Brasenose and "Childe of Hale Boat Club" went on to record legitimate victories in the event.

He remained unemployed during the peace of Amiens, but on 26 September 1803 was appointed to command of the cutter Joseph. On 6 April 1804 he was appointed to command of the hired armed brig Colpoys, of fourteen 12-pounder carronades and a crew of 40, which was attached to Admiral William Cornwallis's blockading force off Brest. Towards the end of 1804 Ussher was assigned to be the second-in-command to Captain Peter Puget in a proposed operation to destroy the fleet at Brest by means of fire ships. However a succession of winter gales blew the British fleet from the coast; and on regaining his station Cornwallis was in some doubt as to whether or not the enemy had left port. Ussher, of his own accord, that night sailed inshore and took his gig (a 4-oared boat) into the harbour and rowed along the whole French line, gaining an precise knowledge of the enemy's force, which consisted of 21 ships.

Some 16 of the 18 crew and the Scillonian pilot Wm. "Cook" Hicks, who was already on board, having climbed up the spanker rigging for safety, were lost. Captain George W. Dow and engineer Edward L. Rowe from Boston were the only survivors, probably because they managed to get on deck from the rigging and jumped into the sea before the ship capsized. Both were lucky in being washed to a rock in the Hellweathers, to the south of the wrecking site, to be rescued hours later by the pilot's son, in the six-oared gig Slippen, looking for his father, Despite wearing their lifebelts, the other seamen died in the thick oil layer, the smashing seas, and the schooner's rigging that had drowned so many of the crew, including the pilot. Four bodies were found later – those of Mark Stenton from Brooklyn, cabin boy, of two seamen from Germany and Scandinavia, and that of a man from Nova Scotia or Maine.

In 2011 he again rowed with Scott Brennan in a double scull as they prepared for the Olympic year, they raced at the World Rowing Cup III in Lucerne to a seventh place and at the 2011 World Rowing Championships in Bled to a fourth placing. After London London 2012 Crawshay switched to sweep oared boats at the domestic level and was regained international selection in 2014 when he secured a seat in the Australian senior eight. He raced in the eight and a coxless four at the WRC I in Sydney; in the eight at WRC III in Lucerne and then he was in the two seat of the eight for the 2014 World Rowing Championships in Amsterdam where they missed a place in the A final and finished in overall seventh place. In 2015, his final year of international representation Crawshay switched back to sculls and gained the bow seat in the Australian quad scull.

Looking north, sea off Gwaneumpo On 15 December, a huge Japanese fleet was amassed in Sach'on Bay, on the east end of the Noryang Strait. Shimazu was not sure whether the allied fleet was continuing the blockade of Konishi's wajō, on its way to attack an abandoned wajō further east, or blocking their way on the western end of Noryang Strait. Yi, meanwhile, knew exactly where Shimazu was after receiving reports from scouts and local fishermen. The Joseon fleet consisted of 82 panokseon multi-decked oared ships.Hawley (2005), p. 552 The Ming fleet consisted of six large war junks (true battle vessels most likely used as flagships) that were driven by both oars and sails, 57 lighter war ships driven by oars alone (most likely transports converted for battle use),Hawley (2005), p. 553 and two panokseon provided by Yi. In terms of manpower, the allied fleet had 8,000 sailors and marines under Yi, 5,000 Ming men of the Guangdong Squadron, and 2,600 Ming marines who fought aboard Korean ships, a total of almost 16,000 sailors and fighting men.Choi (2002), p.

By 1864 a growing interest in competition led to the club’s first recorded win, in a four-oared race against the Excelsior Boat Club of Greenwich. The club also put on a crew for the Metropolitan Junior Eights, started in 1865, and followed this up the next year by securing the Challenge Cup for Junior Eights at the first Metropolitan Regatta. In 1870 the Club won at Henley Royal Regatta for the first time, taking the Wyfold Challenge Cup from the Oscillators Club of Surbiton and the Oxford Etonians in a race that, according to the Rowing Almanack, was ‘a pretty hollow affair, the Thames crew winning as they pleased from first to last.’ Over the next twenty years, Thames had its first great flowering, with 22 wins at Henley by 1890, including four victories in the most prestigious event, the Grand Challenge Cup for eights. In 1877 the Thames Boathouse Company (Limited) was formed for the purpose of providing a boat and club house for the club.

Casson, Lionel (1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press, , pp. 239–243 Throughout antiquity, both foresail and mizzen remained secondary in terms of canvas size, but still large enough to require full running rigging. In late antiquity, the foremast lost most of its tilt, standing nearly upright on some ships. By the onset of the Early Middle Ages, rigging had undergone a fundamental transformation in Mediterranean navigation: the lateen which had long evolved on smaller Greco- Roman craft replaced the square rig, the chief sail type of the ancients, which practically disappeared from the record until the 14th century (while it remained dominant in northern Europe).Casson, Lionel (1995): "Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World", Johns Hopkins University Press, , pp. 243–245Pryor, John H.; Jeffreys; Elizabeth M. (2006): "The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ. The Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204", The Medieval Mediterranean. Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400–1500, Vol. 62, Brill Academic Publishers, , pp. 153–161 The dromon, the lateen-rigged and oared bireme of the Byzantine navy, almost certainly had two sails, a larger foresail and one midships.

The appearance and evolution of medieval warships is a matter of debate and conjecture: until recently, no remains of an oared warship from either ancient or early medieval times had been found, and information had to be gathered by analyzing literary evidence, crude artistic depictions and the remains of a few merchant vessels. Only in 2005–2006 did archaeological digs for the Marmaray project in the location of the Harbour of Theodosius (modern Yenikapi) uncover the remains of over 36 Byzantine ships from the 6th to 10th centuries, including four light galleys of the galea type. The accepted view is that the main developments which differentiated the early dromons from the liburnians, and that henceforth characterized Mediterranean galleys, were the adoption of a full deck (katastrōma), the abandonment of the rams on the bow in favour of an above- water spur, and the gradual introduction of lateen sails. The exact reasons for the abandonment of the ram (; , embolos) are unclear. Depictions of upward-pointing beaks in the 4th-century Vatican Vergil manuscript may well illustrate that the ram had already been replaced by a spur in late Roman galleys.

In 1866, Victor Chesnais composed a hymn for his town, "La Granvillaise", adapted in 1868 at the theatre. In 1867, the town acquired its first oared lifeboat, the Saint-Thomas-et-Saint-Joseph-de- Saint-Faron. In 1869, the newspaper Le Granvillais was created, and in 1870, the and railway station were opened on 3 July. The town really became a seaside resort welcoming Parisians and guests such as Stendhal, Jules Michelet and Victor Hugo, and the parents of Maurice Denis who was born "accidentally" in Granville. From 1875, major construction resumed, with the construction of a reservoir of , Polotsk and Solferino barracks, and of the auction market hall. The town continued to equip itself with the opening in 1884 of the municipal library, in 1886 the school group of St. Paul, in 1887 the dry dock and in 1897 a corps of firefighters. To entertain holidaymakers, the Granvillaises Regatta Society was founded in 1889, the horse racing course and the Société des Courses of Granville in 1890, and the golf course in 1912. The Montparnasse derailment was on 22 October 1895, when the Granville–Paris express train overran the buffers at Paris Montparnasse station.

Historically, water vehicles have been propelled by people with poles, paddles, or oars, through manipulation of sails that propel by wind pressure and/or lift, and a variety of engineered machinery that create subsurface thrust through the process of internal combustion or electricity. The technological history of watercraft in European history can be divided by reference to marine propulsion as simple paddle craft, oared galleys from the 8th century BCE until the 15th century, lateen sail during the Age of Discovery from the early 15th century and into the early 17th century, full rigged ships of the Age of Sail from the 16th to the mid 19th century, the Age of Steam reciprocating marine steam engine roughly between 1770 and 1914, the steam turbine, later gas turbine, and internal combustion engines using diesel fuel, petrol and LNG as fuels from the turn of the 20th century, which have been supplemented to a degree by nuclear marine propulsion since the 1950s in some naval watercraft. Current technological development seeks to identify cheaper, renewable and less polluting sources of propulsion for watercraft of all shapes and sizes.

Reconstruction (top) in 1:10 scale of a dromon's hull, at the Museum of Ancient Seafaring, Mainz The appearance and evolution of medieval warships is a matter of debate and conjecture: until recently, no remains of an oared warship from either ancient or early medieval times had been found, and information had to be gathered by analyzing literary evidence, crude artistic depictions and the remains of a few merchant vessels (such as the 7th-century Pantano Longarini wreck from Sicily, the 7th-century Yassi Ada ship and the 11th-century Serçe Limanı wreck). Only in 2005–2006 did archaeological digs for the Marmaray project in the location of the Harbor of Theodosius (modern Yenikapi) uncover the remains of over 36 Byzantine ships from the 6th to 10th centuries, including four light galleys of the galea type. The accepted view is that the main developments which differentiated the early dromons from the liburnians, and that henceforth characterized Mediterranean galleys, were the adoption of a full deck (katastrōma), the abandonment of the rams on the bow in favor of an above-water spur, and the gradual introduction of lateen sails. The exact reasons for the abandonment of the ram (, ) are unclear.

Andrew Jackson as a topographical engineer. In 1817, Major Long headed a military excursion up the Mississippi River to the Falls of St. Anthony near the confluence with the Minnesota River. As a result of his recommendations, the Army established Fort Snelling to guard against Indian incursions against settlers in the Upper Mississippi Valley. Long recorded his experiences of the expedition in Voyage in a Six-oared Skiff to the Falls of St. Anthony, in 1860. In March 1819 he married Martha Hodgkiss of Philadelphia, the sister of Isabella Hodgkiss Norvell, wife of US Senator John Norvell. Soon afterwards he led the scientific contingent of the 1819 Yellowstone Expedition to explore the Missouri River. In 1820 he was appointed to lead an alternative expedition through the American West, exploring areas acquired in the Louisiana Purchase. The specific purpose of the voyage was to find the sources of the Platte, Arkansas, and Red rivers. Later, in 1823 he led additional military expeditions into the United States borderlands with Canada, exploring the Upper Mississippi Valley, the Minnesota River, the Red River of the North and across the southern part of Canada. During this time he determined the northern boundary at the 49th parallel at Pembina.

Murray Edwards College Boat Club (MECBC) is the rowing club for members of Murray Edwards College, Cambridge, previously known as New Hall. New Hall was founded as a women-only college hence only fields women's crews. The Club was founded and known as New Hall Boat Club (NHBC) until 2008, when the Club decided to rename itself as Murray Edwards College Boat Club in line with the College name change. New Hall's early progress was good, taking the headship of the Lent Bumps in 1976, 1978 and 1980. A run of poorer results saw the 1st VIII drop into the second division for the first ever time in 2007. Since then, the Club has made a strong come-back, regaining a first division position in Lent Bumps in 2013. In the May Bumps, initial performance was good, taking the headship in 1977, 1981 and 1984 in the four-oared races, but in 1990, when the start order was re-organised, the New Hall 1st VIII were placed at the bottom of the 1st division and dropped into the 2nd division in 1992. By 1996, New Hall had climbed as high as 10th, but found itself in the 2nd division again by the end of 1998.