98 Sentences With "non pharmacological" | Random Sentence Generator

Regardless, we need more non-pharmacological solutions for pain, Goldstein says.

Still, non-pharmacological interventions are preferred as the first course of action.

But the current Alzheimer's clinical research impasse has encouraged more doctors to pursue non-pharmacological alternatives.

"Sometimes, doctors don't have the time or interest for non-pharmacological approaches to cancer care," Jooris notes.

But people still want a pill, just a non-pharmacological one: an easy, one-step fix that requires no effort.

But when they find their vertigo gone with a simple test and a non-pharmacological treatment, "they love it," he said.

"There is a tendency by doctors to rely on pharmacological treatment and neglect non-pharmacological interventions," he told Reuters Health by email.

When it comes to pain, patients often have a "misplaced belief in the superiority of pills and injections" compared with non-pharmacological alternatives, said Mandl.

"It is wise to try first non-pharmacological interventions, with a good safety profile, before using a painkiller that can have side effects," Witt said by email.

"They're more tech-focused, of course, not necessarily physical products, but all of these non-pharmacological, non-medical offerings for people to relieve their stress," says Grillo.

While proponents of a more medical approach have criticized this support, other mental health professionals believe there is not enough emphasis on this and other non-pharmacological programs.

"There's a big international movement toward wanting to use non-pharmacological treatments that have health benefits," Soffer says, so this fits into the niche of people taking medicine that's not 'medicine.

As well as providing a non-pharmacological alternative to treating pain, it might help people who are on opioids to minimize their dose, giving them something active they can do instead of popping extra pills.

Experts not affiliated with the pharmaceutical industry urge doctors to make greater use of over-the-counter analgesics and non-pharmacological pain relief methods like physical and spinal manipulative therapies, movement retraining and electrical stimulation.

Augusto Litonjua, a pulmonologist at Harvard Medical School who follows the research, noted that if women found themselves taking lots of acetaminophen, maybe they should consider non-pharmacological approaches to pain management, like acupuncture or meditation.

"I am interested in investigating non-pharmacological treatments for sleep disorders and why not one day the rocking bed?" added co-author Aurore Perrault, now a researcher at the Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory in Montreal, Canada.

"Non-pharmacological interventions, solutions and treatment, such as robotic seals, dog visits, and taking nursing home residents into nature, need much more focus," said Dr. Karen Thodberg of Aarhus University in Denmark, who wasn't involved in the study.

"A foundation of therapy needs to be tried that is comprised of non-pharmacological therapies, physiotherapy, proper body mechanics, proper posture, what to do, what not to do, taking care of your body, weight loss, proper diet; over-the-counter medications," Gharibo said.

"Giving a pill to sedate the child or older person is a quicker and easier response than training caregivers and staff (to provide) non-pharmacological, safer and in many instances more effective treatment," said Bill Grimm, an attorney with the National Center for Youth Law.

"What's neat is it's a non-pharmacological approach that can be used as a complement tool to any other kind of treatment," says Benard, who had the idea to try out weighted blankets with adult patients after she saw success using them on kids.

"These patients need alternative therapeutic options since they are resistant to pharmacological treatment, and there is a need to think of other approaches, non-pharmacological, to help the patients get better," says Jorge Mota Pereira, a psychiatrist at Clínica Médico-Psiquiátrica da Ordem in Portugal and first author on the paper.

"Our research findings highlight the ability of a simple non-pharmacological intervention to phase advance 'night owls', reduce negative elements of mental health and sleepiness, as well as manipulate peak performance times in the real world," lead author Elise Facer-Childs, a sleep researcher at Monash University's Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health in Australia, said in a release from the University of Birmingham in the UK. (Facer-Childs conducted the study during her time at Birmingham as a PhD student and later research fellow.)While these sorts of experimental trials are considered the most direct kind of evidence for proving something, the small sample size does mean we should take the findings with a grain of salt.

Anesthesia for labor and vaginal delivery includes various modalities including pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques.

Saline nasal sprays, among other non- pharmacological treatments, are considered to be safe alternatives for decongestants.

However, these medications in combination with non-pharmacological methods, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are seen to be most effective in treating mental disorders.

Simple medicines 3\. Compound medicines Surgical intervention and other non-pharmacological strategies were also recommended in some cases, such as electrical shocks to treat epilepsy.

Pharmacological techniques to manage dental fear range from conscious sedation to general anaesthesia; these are often used and work best in conjunction with behavioural (non-pharmacological) techniques.

Relaxation training is another form of non- pharmacological treatment for chronic headache. Relaxation training helps to reduce internal tension, allowing a person to control headaches triggered by stress.

Non- pharmacological treatments used for photosensitive patients (such as wearing special glasses or the newly commercially available blue Z1 lenses) should be employed in Jeavons syndrome when photosensitivity persists.

She also investigated the specific non- pharmacological interventions utilized in the algorithm and their efficacy. Cohen-Mansfield’s work has challenged the prevailing paradigm that conceptualized agitation as a biologically caused mental illness symptom to be treated by psychoactive medications and physical restraints. As a result, guidelines and consensus statements regarding behavior problems in dementia now emphasize and require at least a trial of non-pharmacological interventions, and clinical management has become more person-centered.

If non- pharmacological measures are ineffective, laxatives, including stool softeners (e.g., polyethylene glycol), bulk-forming laxatives (e.g., fiber supplements), stimulant laxatives (e.g., bisacodyl, senna), and/or enemas, may be used.

Research indicates that music may improve subjective sleep quality in adults with sleep problems. Although findings are less consistent with improving sleep quality of 'normal' sleepers. In direct comparisons, music has improved sleep quality greater than audiobooks and has been comparable to sedative hypnotics. One review of non-pharmacological sleep aids identified music as the only sleep aid with adequate research and another review revealed only exercise & music as non-pharmacological sleep treatments that improved sleep quality.

In many cases, non-pharmacological treatments, such as relaxation therapy, psychotherapy, and avoidance of caffeine, can be an effective and safer alternative to the use of benzodiazepines for anxiety in pregnant women.

Other non-pharmacological options for children who refuse or cannot tolerate premedication include clown doctors; low sensory stimulation and hand-held video games may also help reduce anxiety during induction of general anesthesia.

Treatment for antenatal depression poses many challenges because the baby is also affected by any treatment given to the mother. There are both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options which can be considered by women with antenatal depression.

Although routine physical activity could be an aggravating factor for migraine, physical exercise is considered to be part of a non-pharmacological strategy for migraine prevention. Migraine patients tend to have less pleasure in physical activity due to fear-avoidance and anxiety sensitivity.

Warm compresses are a common non-pharmacological therapy used in the treatment of things such as sports injuries, dental pain, post-operative wound healing, and ophthalmic conditions. They are believed to improve blood flow, increase oxygenation in tissues and help manage inflammation.

Oftentimes medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, or opiates are used to manage the pain. Additionally, non-pharmacological can also be used to manage the child's pain, this includes distracting the child, massages, acupuncture, heat/cold therapy, exercise, and quality sleep.

PD cannot be cured, but diagnosis and treatment can help relieve symptoms. Treatment options include medications like Carbidopa/Levodopa (L-dopa), that reduce the severity of motor symptoms in patients. Alternative treatment options include non-pharmacological therapy. Surgery (pallidotomy, thalamotomy) is often viewed as the last viable option.

There are several non-pharmacological interventions which are recommended for prevention and treatment of post- stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain. These include proper positioning, range of motion exercises, motor retraining, and adjuvant therapies like neuromuscular electric stimulation (NMES) (e.g. functional electric stimulation (FES)). The use of slings remains controversial.

1809644 To avoid a future headache or migraine a patient will intake analgesic medication to improve their headache. However, doctors do not prescribe pain medications but psychiatric medication to deal with the phobia itself. Non-pharmacological treatments using acupuncture therapy have been shown to reduce the fear of headache pain.

Treatment is based on a person's age. Most pre-school age children outgrow the condition if it is managed conservatively. In young adults, establishing the diagnosis and raising awareness of the condition is an important reassurance for the family and patient. Non-pharmacological interventions, including behavior modification programs, may be considered; referrals to psychologists or psychiatrists may be considered when other interventions fail.

Pharmacists can offer non-pharmacological, behavioral counseling for patients suffering from urinary incontinence. This includes teaching patients about the important behavioral interventions that can reduce their symptoms and improve quality of life. This can include recommending daily Kegel exercises, and instructing patients on the proper technique. In addition, pharmacists can provide resources for patients to learn more about how to control their symptoms.

Information regarding how the pain is real but not necessarily caused by disease can help to understand the problem. Counseling can also be to describe changes that vary during the monthly cycle. Women on hormone replacement therapy may benefit from a dose adjustment. Another non- pharmacological measure to help relieve symptoms of pain may be to use good bra support.

Medical professionals weigh the consequences of withdrawal symptoms against the risk of staying dependent on these substances. These withdrawal symptoms can be very difficult and painful times for patients. Most will have steps in place to handle severe withdrawal symptoms, either through behavioral therapy or other medications. Biological intervention should be combined with behavioral therapy approaches and other non-pharmacological techniques.

There is no vaccine to reduce the chances of infection and spread. It is critical to use non-pharmacological interventions to reduce the spread and transmission of Coxsackie virus. The best and most effective strategy for prevention is adopting proper hand hygiene, avoiding contact with the infected, abstain from touching mucous membranes of the face, and sanitizing frequently touched surfaces.

A physical therapist uses play as part of a child's treatment plan Clinicians responsible for a child monitor the child frequently in tertiary care centers (hospitals). Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are used to manage the pain. Parents or caregivers are also requested to provide their own pain assessments. At the beginning of pharmacological treatment, clinicians monitor the child for adverse reactions to the medications.

Non-pharmacological treatments for pain associated with venipuncture in children includes hypnosis and distraction. These treatments reduced self reported pain and when combined with cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) the reduction of pain was even greater. Other interventions have not been found to be effective and these are suggestion, blowing out air, and distraction with parent coaching did not differ from control for pain and distress.

NPS News, Vol. 67. Non medication based strategies provide long lasting improvements to insomnia and are recommended as a first line and long-term strategy of management. Behavioral sleep medicine (BSM) tries to address insomnia with non-pharmacological treatments. The BSM strategies used to address chronic insomnia include attention to sleep hygiene, stimulus control, behavioral interventions, sleep-restriction therapy, paradoxical intention, patient education, and relaxation therapy.

Coxalgia is a symptom of underlying hip joint pathology and must be examined and referred as the symptoms of pain and reduced mobility will increase and worsen, leading to chronic pain states. Coxalgia may be due to trauma, dysplasia and abnormal growth, degeneration, osteo-deficiencies of B12 or folate or metastasising cancer. Pain management should include robust use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

The most common male sexual dysfunction disorders are erectile dysfunction (ED), low libido, and ejaculatory dysfunction. Once etiology and cardiovascular risk factors for ED have been identified, lifestyle or non-pharmacological therapy can be initiated to mitigate risk factors. As of 2018, the American Urological Association (AUA) ED guidelines recommend shared medical decision-making between patient and provider over first-, second-. and third-line therapies.

Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) develops in 90 to 95% of people taking opioids long-term. Since tolerance to this problem does not generally develop, most people on long-term opioids need to take a laxative or enemas. Treatment of OIC is successional and dependent on severity. The first mode of treatment is non- pharmacological, and includes lifestyle modifications like increasing dietary fiber, fluid intake (around per day), and physical activity.

Many agents stimulate cells and tissues to produce 20-HETE in vitro and in vivo. Androgens are particularly potent stimulators of this production. Other stimulators include the powerful vasoconstriction-inducing agents, angiotensin II, endothelins, and alpha adrenergic compounds (e.g. norepinephrine). Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and superoxide inhibit 20-HETE production; these non-pharmacological agents do so by binding to the Heme binding site of the 20-HETE producing cytochrome p450 enzymes.

Twelve-step programs such as Cocaine Anonymous (modeled on Alcoholics Anonymous) have been widely used to help those with cocaine addiction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with motivational therapy (MT) have proven to be more helpful than 12 step programs in treating cocaine dependency. However, both these approaches have a fairly low success rate. Other non-pharmacological treatments such as acupuncture and hypnosis have been explored, but without conclusive results.

These techniques are particularly useful for children and patients with intellectual disabilities. Minimizing sensory stimulation or distraction by video games may help to reduce anxiety prior to or during induction of general anaesthesia. Larger high-quality studies are needed to confirm the most effective non-pharmacological approaches for reducing this type of anxiety. Parental presence during premedication and induction of anaesthesia has not been shown to reduce anxiety in children.

A hypnotherapist uses non- pharmacological methods that allow clients to explore states of mind. Classically, the most common is the dominant brain wave state using relaxation techniques including deep breathing and self-awareness. Those methods reduce agitation and eventually bring the client to the edge of sleep. In that state, the "conscious" social identity that weighs experience is balanced with the "subconscious" mind that manages physiology and automatic behaviors.

Estazolam 1mg pills, sold as Eurodin, from Japan. From United States, sold as ProSom (2MG) Estazolam is prescribed for the short-term treatment of certain sleep disorders. It is an effective hypnotic drug showing efficacy in increasing the time spent asleep as well as reducing awakenings during the night. Combination with non-pharmacological options for sleep management results in long-term improvements in sleep quality after discontinuation of short-term estazolam therapy.

This book offers daily-care ideas for caregivers to implement, reveals new discoveries of how genes and proteins are linked to the causes of dementia, explains the changes in terminology that have developed over the past several years, explores non pharmacological approaches to managing care, and provides more guidance and resources to aid caregivers along this challenging journey. All contributors to this volume either are specialists in their fields or have exceptional hands-on experience with FTD sufferers.

Cognitive interventions are a non- pharmacological/psychological method of approaching dementia as well as mild cognitive impairment. The three approaches to cognitive interventions for dementia were developed in 2003 by Clare and colleagues. The three approaches were created for the purpose of using cognitive interventions to address Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and it has been widely used to address AD and different forms of dementia. They defined a conceptual framework that categorised three approaches to cognitive interventions.

Initial treatment should begin with non-pharmacological interventions in order to support maturation of the neonate. Techniques such as adjusting the physical environment by darkening the room and eliminating surrounding sounds work to lessen the neonate's visual and auditory stimuli. Non-medication based approaches to treat neonatal symptoms include swaddling the infant in a blanket, minimizing environmental stimuli, and monitoring sleeping and feeding patterns. Breastfeeding promotes infant attachment and bonding and is associated with a decreased need for medication.

Generic zolpidem tartrate Zolpidem is labelled for short-term (usually about two to six weeks) treatment of insomnia at the lowest possible dose. It may be used for both improving sleep onset, sleep onset latency, and staying asleep. Guidelines from NICE, the European Sleep Research Society, and the American College of Physicians recommend medication for insomnia (including possibly zolpidem) only as a second line treatment after non-pharmacological treatment options have been tried (e.g. cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia).

Non-pharmacological treatment of PAM consists of utilizing the Artemisia annua plant as an herbal remedy. The basis for this reasoning is because A. annua acts as the plant source for Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), a commonly used pharmacological treatment of PAM. However, the WHO currently does not support the use of A. annua as there are no standardization guidelines for plant harvest and preparation. Additionally, its clinical safety and efficacy have not yet been proven.

Non-pharmacological techniques include Lamaze breathing, acupuncture, acupressure, LeBoyer technique, transcutaneous nerve stimulation, massage, hydrotherapy, vertical positioning, presence of a support person, intradermal water injections, and biofeedback amongst many more. Water immersion in the first stage of labor may reduce women's use of epidural. A meta analysis showed there may be benefits to the presence of a support individual (doula, family member) including lower use of pharmacologic analgesia, decreased length of labor, and lower incidence of cesarian section. Hypnosis warrants further investigation.

A 2012 Cochrane systematic review found evidence that preoperative physical therapy reduced postoperative pulmonary complications, such as pneumonia and atelectasis, in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. In addition, the researchers found that preoperative physical therapy decreased the length of hospital stay by more than three days on average. A 2013 Cochrane review showed that both pharmacological and non-pharmacological prevention reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation after an operation and reduced the length of hospital stays. No difference in mortality could be shown.

Optimal management of JIA requires a multidisciplinary team working to address the needs of an individual patient. Optimising physical and social functioning is accomplished via a two-pronged approach: non-pharmacological strategies such as physical therapies, pain management strategies, and social supports; and the swift use of medication to control inflammation and extra-articular symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative in helping reduce joint damage and other symptoms, which will help reduce levels of permanent damage leading to long term disability.

Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatment approaches for treating depression in children/adolescents and adults with TBI. As of 2010, the use of predictive visual tracking measurement to identify mild traumatic brain injury was being studied. In visual tracking tests, a head-mounted display unit with eye-tracking capability shows an object moving in a regular pattern. People without brain injury are able to track the moving object with smooth pursuit eye movements and correct trajectory.

Examples of BCSS applied in eHealth domains include CAREGIVERSPRO-MMD, which is a community-based intervention to support people living with dementia and their caregivers using game elements to engage users in non-pharmacological interventions; iLift, which trains nurses in lifting and transfer techniques to prevent lower-back injuries, and We4Fit which is more like a game environment. A more extensive review of health BCSS can be found on the work of Alahäivälä & Oinas-Kukkonen (2016) and Bridle et al. (2005).

By 2025, it is estimated that 34 million people in the United States will have dementia. It is extremely important, then, that we establish an effective treatment for people with such symptoms to either reduce, or diminish dementia altogether. In modern-day treatment not involving pharmacological treatment, psychosocial therapies are a great intervention. With psychosocial therapies such as massage, aromatherapy, multi-sensory stimulation, music therapy, and reality orientation, treatment of dementia and dementia related diseases has become possible in a less traditional yet non-pharmacological form.

Although non-pharmacological intervention remains first line treatment, pharmacological intervention when appropriate and indicated, can improve signs of neonatal withdrawal. Medication is used to relieve fever, seizures, and weight loss or dehydration. When medication use for opiate withdrawal in newborn babies is deemed necessary, opiates are the treatment of choice; they are slowly tapered down to wean the baby off opiates. Phenobarbital is sometimes used as an alternative but is less effective in suppressing seizures; however, phenobarbital is superior to diazepam for neonatal opiate withdrawal symptoms.

These drugs have largely been replaced by second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics such as clozapine and paliperidone. In general, these drugs do not act on dopamine-producing neurons themselves, but on the receptors on the post-synaptic neuron. Other, non-pharmacological evidence in support of the dopamine hypothesis relating to the substantia nigra include structural changes in the pars compacta, such as reduction in synaptic terminal size. Other changes in the substantia nigra include increased expression of NMDA receptors in the substantia nigra, and reduced dysbindin expression.

Odent developed an effective method of reducing pain in the lower lumbar region. Informed by the Gate Control Theory of Pain, Odent injected sterile water underneath the skin surface in the lumbar region. This technique produced a localized source of pain, which in turn reduced the more severe regional pain women experienced in the lower lumbar region during labor. Because this method of non- pharmacological pain management could be viewed as too simple, Odent introduced the birthing pool which could deliver a similar form of pain management.

Boutron's research activities mainly focus on investigating how clinical research is planned, conducted, and reported. She has worked on the internal and external validity of non-pharmacological trials, and co-led the extension of the CONSORT statement on reporting treatment trials for nonpharmacologic treatments. Along with her colleagues she edited a book entitled “Randomized Clinical Trials of Nonpharmacological Treatments.” She also investigates the distorted dissemination of research finding through publication bias, selective reporting of outcomes and spin defined as a distorted interpretation of research findings.

HRT for the vasomotor symptoms of hypoestrogenism include different forms of estrogen, such as conjugated equine estrogens, 17β-estradiol, transdermal estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, and the estradiol ring. In addition to HRT, there are common progestogens that are used to protect the inner layer of the uterus, the endometrium. These medications include medroxyprogesterone acetate, progesterone, norethisterone acetate, and drospirenone. Non-pharmacological treatment of hot flashes includes using portable fans to lower the room temperature, wearing layered clothing, and avoiding tobacco, spicy food, alcohol and caffeine.

Reminiscence can be defined as the act or process of recalling past experiences, events, or memories. Anyone can reminiscence about the past or a certain event, but reminiscence is often used in the older population, particularly the elderly population with forms of dementia as a therapeutic tool. This type of reminiscence is called reminiscence therapy. Reminiscence therapy is a non-pharmacological intervention that improves self- esteem and provides older patients with a sense of fulfillment and comfort as they look back at their lives.

Simulated presence therapy is an emotion-oriented non-pharmacological intervention for people with dementia. It is based in psychological attachment theories and is normally carried out playing a recording with voices of the closest relatives of the patient. There are preliminary evidences indicating that SPT may reduce anxiety and challenging behaviors. A 2020 Cochrane review that examined three studies involving 144 participants and the effects of simulated presence therapy was unable to draw any conclusions about its efficacy and called for further well designed research.

A review paper found that long-term use of flurazepam is associated with drug tolerance, drug dependence, rebound insomnia and central nervous system (CNS) related adverse effects. Flurazepam is best used for a short time period and at the lowest possible dose to avoid complications associated with long-term use. Non-pharmacological treatment options however, were found to have sustained improvements in sleep quality. Flurazepam and other benzodiazepines such as fosazepam, and nitrazepam lost some of their effect after seven days administration in psychogeriatric patients.

Alternatively, the fluid shift hypothesis suggests that weightlessness reduces the hydrostatic pressure on the lower body causing fluids to shift toward the head from the rest of the body. These fluid shifts are thought to increase cerebrospinal fluid pressure (causing back aches), intracranial pressure (causing headaches), and inner ear fluid pressure (causing vestibular dysfunction). Despite a multitude of studies searching for a solution to the problem of SMS, it remains an ongoing problem for space travel. Most non-pharmacological countermeasures such as training and other physical maneuvers have offered minimal benefit.

Oxymorphone Immediate Release is indicated for the relief of moderate to severe pain, such as treatment of acute post surgical pain. For any chronic treatment of pain, clinicians should only consider long term use if there is significant clinical benefit to the patient's therapy that outweigh any potential risk. The first line treatment choices for chronic pain are non-pharmacological and non-opioid agents. Oxymorphone extended-release tablets are indicated for the management of chronic pain and only for people already on a regular schedule of strong opioids for a prolonged period.

The effectiveness of palliative approaches in addition to standard care is uncertain, due to lack of evidence. The effectiveness of interventions, including exercise, specifically for the prevention of falls in people with MS is uncertain, while there is some evidence of an effect on balance function and mobility. Cognitive behavioral therapy has shown to be moderately effective for reducing MS fatigue. The evidence for the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for chronic pain is insufficient to recommend such interventions alone, however their use in combination with medications may be reasonable.

The main safety concern of benzodiazepines such as estazolam is a benzodiazepine dependence and the subsequent benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome which can occur upon discontinuation of the estazolam. A review of the literature found that long- term use of benzodiazepines such as estazolam is associated with drug tolerance, drug dependence, rebound insomnia and CNS related adverse effects. Estazolam should only be used short term and at the lowest effective dose to avoid complications related to long-term use. Non-pharmacological treatment options however, were found to have sustained improvements in sleep quality.

Additionally, using an "ABC analysis of behaviour" can be a useful tool for understanding behavior in people with dementia. It involves looking at the antecedents (A), behavior (B), and consequences (C) associated with an event to help define the problem and prevent further incidents that may arise if the person's needs are misunderstood. The strongest evidence for non- pharmacological therapies for the management of changed behaviours in dementia is for using such approaches. Low quality evidence suggests that regular (at least five sessions of) music therapy may help institutionalized residents.

Non-pharmacological measures include non-invasive brain stimulation, which has been employed to improve various cognitive and affective functions, and brain-machine interfaces, which hold much potential to extend the repertoire of motor and cognitive actions available to humans. Although consideration of individual neuroenhancement agents is usually triggered by success in clinical and technological fields, they have also been used to attempt to help people with lack of normal cognitive, motor, and affective abilities: for example, social skills and empathy. In this case, neuroenhancement drugs try to increase oxytocin and decrease cortisol levels helping people better their communication and social interaction skills.

Tell-show-do is a common non- pharmacological practice used to manage behaviour such as dental fear, especially in paediatric dentistry. The purpose of this intervention is to promote a positive attitude towards dentistry and to build a relationship with the patient to improve compliance. The patient is gradually introduced to the treatment. Firstly, the dentist “tells” the patient what the dental procedure will be using words. In ‘show’ phase, the patient is familiarized with dental treatment using demonstrations. Lastly, in ‘do’ phase, the dentist proceeds with the treatment following the same procedure and demonstrations illustrated to the patient.

A panel, including the American Pain Society and American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, recommends multimodal analgesia, which they define as a combination of pharmacological agents and non-pharmacological techniques to treat postoperative pain. A significant benefit of this technique is that non-opioid analgesics used in combination with opioids can decrease the amount of opioids required and reduce the risk of opioid-related side effects. Medications can be delivered as needed or around-the-clock depending on the patient's needs. For children, intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) can be used when parenteral administration is preferred.

Histamine H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors, such as famotidine (Pepcid) and omeprazole (Prilosec), respectively, can also be used to help relieve heartburn, with no known teratogenic effects or congenital malformations. Aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, when consumed, do not cross the placenta and are regarded as safe pharmacological options to treat heartburn, since there are no significant association with maldevelopment or injury to fetus. Ginger and acupressure are common non- pharmacological options used to treat nausea and vomiting as alternatives to antacids, histamine H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors. Lifestyle modifications are often recommended as well.

She used the findings concerning etiology to develop the theoretical framework of unmet needs underlying agitated behavior, and to contrast it with alternative theories. The most common unmet needs are needs for meaningful activity, for social contact and for relief from pain and discomfort. This conceptualization became the basis for subsequent studies of non-pharmacological treatment of behavioral symptoms manifested by persons with dementia. For these studies she devised a decision tree algorithm (named Treatment Routes for Exploring Agitation; TREA) in order to assist caregivers in identifying the needs of the person with dementia, and matching the intervention to the unmet need and to the person’s unique preferences and abilities.

It has been suggested that there is an advantage to non-pharmacological migraine relief - "in contrast to drugs, PFO closure appears highly effective against migraines and usually has no side effects". Because PFO closure continues to prove successful, new devices are being produced to make the surgery easier to perform and less invasive. Some studies, however, have emphasized caution in relating PFO closure surgeries to migraines, stating that the favorable studies have been poorly designed retrospective studies and that insufficient evidence exists to justify the dangerous procedure. There have however been reports of short-term increases in migraine frequency and intensity following the surgery.

Book 3 of the Canon of Medicine also lists several manifestations of stroke: asphyxia, hemiplegia, "headache with jugular vein engorgement, dizziness, vertigo, darkened vision, tremor, anxiety, weakness, grinding teeth during sleep, and dark urine with particles", and it distinguishes between the different causes and types of stroke: cold stroke, coma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and trauma. Finally, Book 3 discusses several treatments for stroke including the use of herbal medicines and "non-pharmacological interventions such as venesection and dry or wet cupping on the lower neck and upper back". While the accounts of the causes and treatments of stroke are based upon theories of humoral medicine, these descriptions are still similar to the modern understanding of strokes.

She has also expressed support for ending subsidies to the agricultural production of "unhealthy" food in favor of "healthy" food production. Williamson supports expanding the role of the EPA and FDA to regulate toxin inclusion in the environment and food supplies, to make recommendations of how to lower societal stress, and to help develop healthy habits in local communities. She also supports limiting the profit motive in medicine, as much as possible, inclusive of seeking non-pharmacological ways to treat mental health issues (where possible), and treating mental health as important as physical health in order to normalize treatment. Williamson expressed that she also supports treating drug addiction as a mental health issue and de-criminalizing drugs.

A 2018 Cochrane review found that it produced moderate improvement in sleep onset and maintenance. The authors suggest that where preferred non-pharmacological treatment strategies have been exhausted, eszopiclone provides an efficient treatment for insomnia. In 2014, the USFDA asked that the starting dose be lowered from 2 milligrams to 1 milligram after it was observed in a study that even 8 hours after taking the drug at night, some people were not able to cope with their next-day activities like driving and other activities that require full alertness.FDA requiring lower starting dose for drug Eszopiclone (Lunesta) Eszopiclone is slightly effective in the treatment of insomnia where difficulty in falling asleep is the primary complaint.

Spinal cord stimulation is a form of invasive neuromodulation therapy in common use since the 1980s. Its principal use is as a reversible, non-pharmacological therapy for chronic pain management that delivers mild electrical pulses to the spinal cord. In patients who experience pain reduction of 50 percent or more during a temporary trial, a permanent implant may be offered in which, as with a cardiac pacemaker, an implantable pulse generator about the size of a stopwatch is placed under the skin on the trunk. It delivers mild impulses along slender electrical leads leading to small electrical contacts, about the size of a grain of rice, at the area of the spine to be stimulated.

The crisis in the Moldovan healthcare system has made many specialists explore the possibility of non-pharmacological treatments, comparatively less expensive and yet relatively successful for the recovery/rehabilitation of patients with chronic conditions. The main objectives of the Hippocrates Centre are: To provide medical recovery services to children with chronic conditions by means of non-invasive, low-cost treatment methods such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, massage therapy, electrotherapy, orthotics and speech therapy; Children from birth up to the age of 15 who have chronic neuromuscular, skeletal, cardiovascular or respiratory illnesses are treated. To provide parents and carers with educational services in regard to selection of efficient recovery and treatment methods appropriate for their child.

The law has brought difficulties to diabetes patients, as the test strip papers required by glucose meters used for home blood glucose monitoring were considered pharmacological supplies under the law, and thus legally could only be sold by pharmacies. Medical supply shops were tacitly permitted to sell the test strips as well, but a 2005 crackdown on 200 such shops in Suseo-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul brought the law into the spotlight. Diabetics complained that different meters required different test strips, and pharmacies did not always carry the required brands. An official at the Korea Food & Drug Administration said the government might resolve the issue by reclassifying the test strips as non-pharmacological supplies, but the issue would take time due to conflicts of interest.

Depersonalization is a symptom of anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder. It can also accompany sleep deprivation (often occurring when suffering from jet lag), migraine, epilepsy (especially temporal lobe epilepsy, complex-partial seizure, both as part of the aura and during the seizure), obsessive-compulsive disorder, severe stress or trauma, anxiety, the use of recreational drugs especially cannabis, hallucinogens, ketamine, and MDMA, certain types of meditation, deep hypnosis, extended mirror or crystal gazing, sensory deprivation, and mild-to-moderate head injury with little or loss of consciousness (less likely if unconscious for more than 30 mins). Interoceptive exposure is a non-pharmacological method that can be used to induce depersonalization. In the general population, transient depersonalization/derealization are common, having a lifetime prevalence between 26-74%.

In patients with AF where rate control drugs are ineffective and it is not possible to restore sinus rhythm using cardioversion, non-pharmacological alternatives are available. For example, to control rate it is possible to destroy the bundle of cells connecting the upper and lower chambers of the heart – the atrioventricular node – which regulates heart rate, and to implant a pacemaker instead. This "ablate and pace" technique has an important place in the treatment of AF< as it is the only reliably effective method for relieving the symptoms of the arrhythmia and can be used when other methods have failed (as they do in up to 50% of cases of persistent AF). Although this procedure results in a regular (paced) heart rhythm it does not prevent the atria from fibrillating and therefore long-term warfarin anticoagulation may still be required.

Neuroenhancement refers to the targeted enhancement and extension of cognitive and affective abilities based on an understanding of their underlying neurobiology in healthy persons who do not have any mental illness. As such, it can be thought of as an umbrella term that encompasses pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of improving cognitive, affective, and motor functionality, as well as the overarching ethico-legal discourse that accompanies these aims. Critically, for any agent to qualify as a neuroenhancer, it must reliably engender substantial cognitive, affective, or motor benefits beyond normal functioning in healthy individuals, whilst causing few side effects: at most at the level of commonly used comparable legal substances or activities, such as caffeine, alcohol, and sleep- deprivation. Pharmalogical neuroenhancement agents include the well-validated nootropics, such as Citicoline, Bacopa monnieri and phosphatidylserine, as well as other drugs used for treating patients suffering from neurological disorders.

Dr. Achilefu is a world-renowned expert in the development and use of light-sensitive drugs for cancer detection, imaging, and therapy. Recently, he conceived and led the development of a novel wearable cancer viewing goggles for the accurate removal of cancer cells during surgery. He also discovered a novel treatment paradigm for cancer using a special type of light and non-pharmacological doses of drugs to selectively trigger cancer cell death without harming healthy tissue. These and many other innovations have resulted in 59 issued US patents and over 300 scientific papers.. Dr. Achilefu has received over 30 local, national, and international honors and awards, including the prestigious Britton Chance Biomedical Optics Award in 2019 at SPIE, Distinguished Investigator Award in 2018 (Academy for Radiology & Biomedical Imaging Research), the Carl and Gerty Cori Faculty Achievement Award in 2018 (Washington University), Excellence in Healthcare Award in 2017 (St.

The CPN team includes content and methods experts in each of the major causes of spontaneous or indicated very preterm birth, epidemiology, database design/maintenance, national networks, medical informatics, and statistical modelling. This project involves 24 tertiary perinatal units across Canada and focus on the major determinants of spontaneous and indicated very preterm birth (at 22+0–28+6 weeks): spontaneous preterm labour, shortened cervix, prolapsing membranes, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth restriction (abdominal circumference), gestational hypertension (with/without proteinuria), and antepartum haemorrhage.Admission criteria taken from: Canadian Perinatal Network Database Manual (May 2008). Data collection proceeds from the maternal and neonatal/infant/paediatric records, and include adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes, patient mix (including maternal demographics, past medical/obstetric history, characteristics of current pregnancy), neonatal care (for perinatal outcomes), and specific key obstetric practices (including maternal transport, cervical cerclage, amnioinfusion, fetal and maternal surveillance, pharmacological and non- pharmacological therapy, and pregnancy prolongation).