568 Sentences With "nawabs" | Random Sentence Generator

Lucknow was the capital of the wealthy Awadh region ruled by a succession of Muslim nawabs.

It's set to expand even further afield—a new branch of Sheroes Hangout opened just last month in the city of Nawabs, Lucknow.

Back then, many of its patrons and players were members of the Indian aristocracy, sons of maharajas and nawabs from the beating heart of the British Empire.

The guardians of these traditions can be found seated in a row of chairs arranged at the finish line: wealthy Sikh landowners who, despite the Indian government's attempts to dismantle the feudal system, are keeping alive the ways of the maharajahs and nawabs who came before them.

There are a lot of old things present in it. It includes many Nawabs' used things. There are many old swords, old currency notes and coins, old laws that were made in that time, an old piano that Nawabs used to play, old furniture used by Nawabs etc. There is also a long wall in it that contains imaginary pictures of Nawabs.

He made several attempts to defy the Nawabs of Bengal who opposed his oppressive conduct. After a battle with the Nawabs, he escaped to Delhi and died in obscurity. After this period, the faujdars of Purnea were appointed by the Nawabs of Bengal however they all varied in the amount of loyalty they showed to the Nawabs. One of these faujdars, Shaukat Jang, fought on the side of the Bengal during the Battle of Plassey.

All the Nawabs of Bengal happened to be Shia Muslims.

All future Nawabs of Oudh were male line descendants of Safdar Jung.

The Nawabs ruled over a territory which included Bengal proper, Bihar and Orissa.

Later Aarkatu Nawabs occupied the town. In 1714 Abdul Nabi Khan, who was ruling Kadapa conquered Siddavatam. This place was also ruled by Mayana Nawabs for some period. In 1799, it went into the hands of British East India Company.

Hasan Mahmudi (or Mahdi) Kamboh was an ancestor of the Kamboh Nawabs od Meerut.

So, the mosque was of utmost importance then under the rule of the Nawabs.

Then given dum (the Indian method of steaming in a covered pot). :Kalyani biryani is supposed to have originated in Bidar during the reign of the Kalyani Nawabs, who migrated to Hyderabad after one of the Nawabs, Ghazanfur Jang married into the Asaf Jahi family. Kalyani biryani was served by the Kalyani nawabs to all of their subjects who came from Bidar to Hyderabad and stayed or visited their devdi or noble mansion.

Various Nawabs, such as the Nawab of the Carnatic, also used the Crescent and Star symbols.

Nausherwani (نوشیروانی) are considered Nawabs of Kharan and Washuk. Most respected family in Balochistan, Nausherwanis are divided into two sub tribes:first the Nawabs of Kharan, and second the sardars of Makran. The population of the state was mainly Baloch tribes, with some Brahui scattered across the area..

The Naqdi dynasty, of Persian origin, were Nawabs who ruled Banganapalle and Chenchelimala from 1769 to 1948: see Second Dynasty of Banganapalle Nawabs. They trace their descent from one Seyyed Mohammad Khan Razavi, who served as Vizier to Shah Safi of Persia in the 17th century.

It later became the seat of power from where his descendants, the Sheikhzadas, controlled the region. The Nawabs of Lucknow, in reality, the Nawabs of Awadh, acquired the name after the reign of the third Nawab when Lucknow became their capital. The city became North India's cultural capital, and its nawabs, best remembered for their refined and extravagant lifestyles, were patrons of the arts. Under their dominion, music and dance flourished, and construction of numerous monuments took place.

The Nawabs, backed by bankers such as the Jagat Seth, became the financial backbone of the Mughal court. During the 18th-century, the Nawabs of Bengal were among the wealthiest rulers in the world.William Dalrymple (10 September 2019). The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company.

Chhatari was a jagir during British India. It was owned by Nawabs of Lalkhani, a Badgujar Rajput community.

Murshid Quli Khan, a former prime minister, became the first Nawab. The Nawabs continued to issue coins in the name of the Mughal Emperor. But for all practical purposes, the Nawabs governed as independent monarchs. Bengal continued to contribute the largest share of funds to the imperial treasury in Delhi.

A smaller island on the east side is called Nizam Konda: its port belongs to the Nawabs of Nizam.

There are also some small well-carved tombs of former Nawabs including complete marble tomb of Nawab, Zoravar Khan.

With the decline of the Mughal empire, Patna moved into the hands of the Nawabs of Bengal, but in time the city was taken over by the Jagirdars who then became the self-declared Nawabs. The Nawabs of Bengal levied a heavy tax on the populace but allowed it to flourish as a commercial centre. During the 17th century, Patna became a centre of international trade. The British started with a factory in Patna in 1620 for the purchase and storage of calico and silk.

Historically, Nawabs of Amb used to reside in Amb in the winter season.Amb - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5, p. 275.

However the head of Bidauli family still served as Nazim to the Nawabs of Oudh while his nephew was a Chakladar.

The ethnic city, Mainpuri, was ruled by the Mughals, Marathas, Afghans and Nawabs in various time periods. Among them, the Mughal and Nawabs influenced the culture of the city vastly. The music, dance, architecture, arts and crafts flourished under their rule. Hindu, Muslims, Jains, Buddhist, Christian and Sikhs were the principal communities residing in the city.

The Ivory and Wood craft industry dates back to the time when the Nawabs of Bengal had their court at Murshidabad. As this industry was fully dependent for its prosperity on the support of a luxurious court and wealthy noblemen, it had to face a crisis when the Nawabs lost their power and their court disappeared.

This marked the beginning of the British Raj, and the Nawabs had no political or any other kind of control over the territory. Mir Jafar's descendants continued to live in Murshidabad. The Hazarduari Palace (Palace of a Thousand Doors) was built as the residence of the Nawabs in the 1830s. The palace was also used by British colonial officials.

Nihari comes from the Urdu word nihar () which originated from the Arabic nahaar (), meaning "morning". It was originally eaten by Nawabs in the Mughal Empire as a breakfast item after their Islamic morning prayer (salah) of Fajr. After a hearty breakfast of Nihari, the Nawabs would take a nap till afternoon, when they would wake up for afternoon prayers.

Nawab Ali Quli Mirza Bahadur was the ancestor of Nawabs of Banganapalle and Masulipatam. He belongs to The Najm-i-Sani Dynasty.

For his services to the British, Khan was granted the estate of Sardhana and is the forefather of the Nawabs of Sardhana.

Khushbagh (also spelled as Khoshbagh; literally "Garden of Happiness") is the garden-cemetery of the Nawabs of Bengal, situated on the west bank of the Bhagirathi river, about a mile from its east bank, in Murshidabad, West Bengal, India. Khushbagh hosts the graves of the Nawabs of Bengal of the Afshar dynasty and their family members; while Jafarganj Cemetery hosts the graves of the later Nawabs and their families, starting from Mir Jafar, who belonged to the Najafi dynasty. Khushbagh is the resting place of Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah, his wife Lutf-un-nisa, Nawab Alivardi Khan, and his mother, amongst others.

Statue of Jujhar Singh Nehra, founder of Jhunjhunu town in Rajasthan Jujhar Singh Nehra (1664-1730) or Jhunjha was a Jat chieftain of Rajasthan. He was born in a Hindu Jat family of Nehra gotra in samvat 1721 (1664 AD). His father was a faujdar of Nawabs. Jujhar Singh when he was young was made the general of the army of Nawabs.

The combined forces of Shuja-ud Daulah and the British defeated Hafiz Rahmat Khan in 1774. the Bangash Nawabs,Farrukhabad was the seat of the Bangash Nawabs. Muhammad Khan Bangash was the founder of the settlement. The jagir was conferred upon him by Farrukhsiyar (1713-19)in 1713 as reward for services rendered by him in the war of succession.

The name "Chapainawabganj" is not very old. Before 2001, it was known as only Nawabganj or Nobabganj. In the pre-British or British-raj era, this place was a vacation spot for the nawabs of Murshidabad and Daudpur Mouja was the particular place of their vacation. The nawabs used to hunt within this area, thus why the place was known as "Nobabganj".

The Faujdars of Purnea were the rulers and governors of Purnea and the surrounding regions of modern-day Bihar in India. The Faujdars of Purnea were notable in that they had created an autonomous jurisdiction for themselves and did not allow the Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad to interfere. They also carried the title of Nawab and so are sometimes referred to as the "Nawabs of Purnea".

Derawar Fort was a major fort for the Nawabs in the Cholistan Desert Even though with no power, the Nawabs of Bahawalpur and the noble family is still highly respected in the region. Nawab Salahud-Din Ahmed Abbasi, the grandson of the last ruling Nawab, is one of the most important political figures in the region. Although the Nawabs were autocratic rulers, who did not allow or give political freedom, they did a lot for the development of the State, which benefited the people. The first Nawab laid the foundation of the State in 1727, with only a small locality, very soon the latter Movement for Bahawalpur Province.

Polyura arja, the pallid nawab, is a butterfly belonging to the rajahs and nawabs group, that is, the Charaxinae subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies family.

Satyabodha Tirtha travelled extensively all over India winning over adversaries in philosophical scholarly discussions acquiring shishyas and considerable wealth, landed properties and tamrapatras from Kings and Nawabs.

Most of the Palaces in Bangladesh are built by the Zamindars and Nawabs of British Bengal. Many magnificent palaces are found across the country. Among them Ahsan Manzil (also known as Pink Palace) built by the Nawabs of Dhaka, Tajhat Palace of Rangpur, Natore Palace, Puthia Rajbari of Rajshahi, Rose Garden Palace of Old Dhaka, Baliati Palace of Manikganj, Shashi Lodge of Mymensingh and Bangabhaban (Presidential Palace) are notable one.

Following this the Shia Nawabs of Bengal and Nawabs of Awdh were also awarded hereditary governorship and local autonomy in their respective areas. Like Nizam, they too appointed their own administration in their state, while paying tributes to the Emperor. Meanwhile the European trading companies had started to recruit armies from local population in Bombay, Madras and Bengal. The Empire entered into an era of perpetual war, mistrust and treachery.

Polyura moori, the Malayan nawab, is a butterfly found in Asia that belongs to the rajahs and nawabs group (subfamily Charaxinae) of the brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae).

Charaxes solon, the black rajah, is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae).

The Noor Mahal was the seat of the city's ruling Nawabs. Darbar Mahal was built by Nawab Bahawal Khan V in 1905 as a palace for his wife.

The title nawab was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similarly to a British peerage, to persons and families who never ruled a princely state. For the Muslim elite various Mughal-type titles were introduced, including nawab. Among the noted British creations of this type were Nawab Hashim Ali Khan (1858–1940), Nawab Khwaja Abdul Ghani (1813–1896), Nawab Abdul Latif (1828–1893), Nawab Faizunnesa Choudhurani (1834–1904), Nawab Ali Chowdhury (1863–1929), Nawaab Syed Shamsul Huda (1862–1922), Nawab Sirajul Islam (1848–1923), Nawab Alam yar jung Bahadur, M.A, Madras, B.A., B.C.L., Barr-At-Law (1890–1974). There also were the Nawabs of Dhanbari, Nawabs of Ratanpur, Nawabs of Baroda and such others.

Sikandar was born at Gauhar Mahal in Bhopal State, British India, on 10 September 1817. Her parents, Nasir Muhammad Khan and Qudsia Begum, were former nawabs of the state.

Talib Nagar was a jagir during British India. It was owned by Nawabs belonging to the dynasty of Lalkhani Badgujar, a Muslim Rajput community, styled as Nawab of Talibnagar.

The Nawabs of Savanur were tolerant of all religions, and donated liberally to several Hindu temples and mutts. Betel leaves, jowar and cotton were the principal exports of the Savanur state. The Nawabs also had cordial relationship with the Dvaita mutt associated with Sri Satyabodhatirtha. In the latter part of the 19th century the Nawab of Savanur was renowned because he used to drink only water that had been brought from the Ganges.

This temple is about 400 years old, established in the Bengali year 1001. During the reign of the Nawabs, Dewan of Nawabs Tulsi Narayan Ghosh and Nabh Narayan Ghosh established this temple with the inspection of Bancharam Saint. At that time they established twenty-one statues of Shib, Kali, Lakshminarayan, three Shalgram Chakra, Bandurga etc. A few beautiful monuments like Pancharatna, Nabratna, temple of Shiv, guest house, were built in the house of Joy Kali.

His descendants were known as Nawabs of Banda. But after the defeat of Ali Bahadur, the British abolished the Banda state. His present descendants lead a simple life in Banda.

Javeri (from the family that lent its name to Mumbai's Zaveri Bazar) traces his roots back to Jamnagar, Gujarat, where his ancestors were court jewellers to the Nawabs of Kutch.

Javeri (from the family that lent its name to Mumbai's Zaveri Bazar) traces her roots back to Jamnagar, Gujarat, where her ancestors were court jewellers to the Nawabs of Kutch.

Charaxes marmax, the yellow rajah, is a butterfly found in India that belongs to the rajahs and nawabs group, that is, the Charaxinae group of the brush- footed butterflies family.

Charaxes kahruba, the variegated rajah, is a butterfly found in Asia that belongs to the rajahs and nawabs group, that is, the Charaxinae group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

Charaxes durnfordi, the chestnut rajah, is a butterfly found in India that belongs to the rajahs and nawabs group, that is, the Charaxinae group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

In 2018, Singh appeared on the reality series Box Cricket League to play for Lucknow Nawabs. A year later, she took participation in Kitchen Champion 5 on Colors along with .

Since the time of Nawabs, the market boasts of its unmatched fashion, and being one of the oldest markets, it is still surrounded by buildings and architectures of nawabi era.

This mini palace subsequently became the nucleus of the Ahsan Manzil, the residential palace and the kachari (administrative office) of the Nawabs of Dhaka. It is now a national heritage museum.

In 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, the rule of the Nawabs were undermined by the British and later they received the diwani (Vice Royalty) from the Nawabs. In effect, the British now directly controlled Bengal and most of its zamindars who were previously under the Nawabs and the Imperial Mughal rule. The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) saw the transformation of events of 1757 to 1764 where European forces were in a struggle to oust the Indian rulers and establish rule in Bengal, that resulted in direct rule over all of India. In 1764, the Battle of Buxar, saw the loss of Bengal from the Mughals, as Emperor Shah Alam II became a pensioner of the British after a loss.

In 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, the rule of the Nawabs (governor or nobleman) were undermined by the British and later they received the diwani (Vice Royalty) from the Nawabs. In effect, the British now directly controlled Bengal and most of its zamindars who were previously under the Nawabs and the Imperial Mughal rule. The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) saw the transformation of events of 1757 to 1764 where European forces were in a struggle to oust the Indian rulers and establish rule in Bengal, that resulted in direct rule over all of India. In 1764, the Battle of Buxar, saw the loss of Bengal from the Mughals, as Emperor Shah Alam II became a pensioner of the British after a loss.

That short phase of independence from the British clutches ended when Sir Hurose and Robert Hamilton crushed the uprising by putting 354 patriots to the gallows and gunning down 149 sepoys. The Nawabs of Bhopal remained forever loyal to the British. That put paid to the efforts of the patriots to flush out the British from Sehore, by way of the Nawabs fighting on the side of the British. On 15 August 1947 India got its independence.

The other contemporary ports were Pulicat, Madras, Mylapore, Sadras (12 km from Mahabalipuram), Pondicherry, Cuddalore, Porto Nova, Tharangambadi (Tranquebar), Karaikal, and Nagapattinam. The fort experienced further damages during the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and portions of the dilapidated fort remains under the sea. A team of archaeologists found out coins minted during the rule of Nawabs. Some rare artifacts like the arms and ammunition used by the Nawabs and French were also found in fort.

This attitude to authority continued into the period when the Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad became the nominal governors of Bihar. Although Bihar had the potential to provide a large amount of revenue and tax, records show that the Nawabs were unable to extract any money from the chiefs of Bihar until 1748. And even following this, the amount gained was very low. This was again due to the rebellious nature of the zamindars who were "continually in arms".

He returned to Bombay in October 1880 and pleaded his case against the orders of the government, but as it stood unresolved the Nawab renounced his styles and titles, abdicating in favour of his eldest son on 1 November 1880. The Nawabs of Murshidabad succeeded the Nawab Nazims following Nawab Mansur Ali Khan's abdication. The Nawab Bahadurs had ceased to exercise any significant power. The Nawabs of Murshidabad were relegated to the status of a zamindar.

Persian adventurer Saadat Khan, also called Burhan-ul-Mulk, was appointed the Nazim of Awadh in 1722 and he established his court in Faizabad"Faizabad, town, India". The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Edition. 2001–07 near Lucknow. The Nawabs of Lucknow were in fact the Nawabs of Awadh, but were so referred to because after the reign of the third Nawab, Lucknow became the capital of their realm, where the British station Residents ('diplomatic' colonial Agents) from 1773.

The city was North India's cultural capital; its nawabs, best remembered for their refined and extravagant lifestyles, were patrons of the arts. Under them music and dance flourished, and many monuments were erected. Of the monuments standing today, the Bara Imambara, the Chhota Imambara and the Rumi Darwaza are notable examples. One of the more lasting contributions by the Nawabs is the syncretic composite culture that has come to be known as the Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb.

Charaxes mars, the iron rajah, is a butterfly of the rajahs and nawabs group, i.e. the Charaxinae group of the brush-footed butterflies family. It is endemic to Sulawesi in central Indonesia.

Polyura eudamippus, the great nawab, is a butterfly found in India and the Indomalayan realm that belongs to the rajahs and nawabs group (subfamily Charaxinae) of the brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae).

Hyderabadi Nawabs is a 2006 Hyderabadi Indian comedy in Hyderabadi Urdu that revolves around four groups of people. It is a pure comedy with Hyderabadi touch which happens in every city, village.

Kathgola (also known as Katgola) is a neighbourhood in the city of Murshidabad which was at one time the capital of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa during the reign of the Nawabs of Bengal.

The Nizam of Hyderabad had several nawabs under him: Nawabs of Cuddapah, Sira, Rajahmundry, Kurnool, Chicacole, et al. "Nizam" was his personal title, awarded by the Mughal Government and based on the term "Nazim" as meaning "senior officer". "Nazim" is still used for a district collector in many parts of India. The term "nawab" is still technically imprecise, as the title was also awarded to Hindus and Sikhs, as well, and large zamindars and not necessarily to all Muslim rulers.

In 1772, Governor-General Warren Hastings shifted administrative and judicial offices from Murshidabad to Calcutta, the capital of the newly formed Bengal Presidency; and the de facto capital of British India. The Nawabs had lost all independent authority since 1757. In 1858, the British government abolished the symbolic authority of the Mughal court. After 1880, the descendants of the Nawabs of Bengal were recognized with a new title called Nawab of Murshidabad (Bengali: মুর্শিদাবাদের নবাব) with the status of a peerage.

Just as Banares (Varanasi) is known for its mornings, so Lucknow is for its evenings. Many of its well-known buildings were erected on the banks of river Gomti in the time of Nawabs. The Nawabs used to take in a view of the river Gomti and its architecture in the evening hours, giving rise to Sham-e-Awadh's romantic reputation. There is a saying: 'Sham-e-Awadh, Subah-e-Benares', meaning evening of the Awadh, morning of the Benares.

The invasions of Genghis Khan into Bampoor caused the bulk of Baloch migrations and the Balochs were given refuge in the greater Sindh region. Later infighting between Balochs resulted in clans led by sardars, which claimed regions within Sindh. In an effort to gain total control of the regions, the British named the area Balochistan and got the support of the Baloch Sardars who then were titled Nawabs. These Nawabs were to keep minor Baloch, Pathan and other factions in check.

Charaxes aristogiton, the scarce tawny rajah, is a butterfly species found in India and Indochina that belongs to the rajahs and nawabs group, that is, the Charaxinae group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

Prince Azam was recalled by Aurangzeb and left Dacca on 6 October 1679. Marathas; Bengal went under administration of the Nawabs of Murshidabad. He later became the governor of Gujarat from 1701 to 1706.

Immediately after the battle Munro decided to assist the Marathas, who were described as a "warlike race", well known for their relentless and unwavering hatred towards the Mughal Empire and its Nawabs and Mysore.

The Victorians at War, 1815-1914: An Encyclopedia of British Military History. ABC-CLIO Ltd. . Recruits initially included Europeans and soldiers of the former Nawabs' Armies. Many of the recruits were from Bihar and Oudh.

The tribe fought many wars against the Nawabs of Tank in the late 1800s; outcomes included both victories and losses. Moreover, this tribe is constantly involved in internal conflicts as other Pashtun tribes are involved.

It is now a museum and has a collection of armoury, splendid paintings, exhaustive portraits of the Nawabs, various works of art including works of ivory (Murshidabad school) of China (European) and many other valuables. The Armoury has 2700 arms in its collections of which only few are displayed. Swords used by Shiraj-ud-Daulla and his grandfather, Nawab Alivardi Khan, can be seen here. The other attractions in this floor are Vintage Cars and Fittan Cars used by the Nawabs and their families.

Hazarduari Palace The palace was used to hold durbars (official or royal meetings) and official works between the Nawabs and the Britishers and also used as a residence for high-ranking British officers. It has now been transformed into a museum which houses collection from the Nawabs like priceless paintings, furniture, antiques. A grand flight of stairs of 37 steps of stone, the lowermost one of which is long, leads up to the palace's upper portico. Perhaps it is the largest one in India.

In the year 1756, Alamgir II sympathised with the cause of his loyal Nawabs of Kurnool, Cuddapah and Savanur, when their assigned territories were ravaged and plundered until 1757 by the Maratha chieftain Balaji Baji Rao.

Almost all political activities of Nawab Khwaja Salimullah centred round this palace. Ahsan Manzil was the cradle of the All India Muslim League. With the decline of the Nawabs of Dhaka, Ahsan Manzil also started to decline.

The Lalkhanis are a Muslim Rajput community and a sub-clan of the Bargujars. They were the Nawabs of various estates in Western Uttar Pradesh. These included Chhatari and neighbouring regions including parts of Aligarh and Bulandshahr.

Dutch sources estimate a total of 400,000 people in Bengal were killed by the Marathas. According to Bengali sources, the atrocities led to much of the local population opposing the Marathas and developing support for the Nawabs.

Hindus were tried with the expertise of a pandit (or scholar of Hindu tradition). These princely nawabs in various parts of India were either independent of, beholden to, or in collusion with British colonial authorities. The Sadr Faujdari Adalat courts were the local juridical arm of the Mughal "princely" rulers (nawabs), whose governmental authority co- existed alongside the British in late 18th and 19th centuries. Ultimately, over the succeeding century after their establishment, the local Indian authorities of the Sadr Faujdari Adalat were gradually supplanted by the British.

Lucknow is the center of Azadari in India because of the large number of Imambaras in the city. There are multiple replicas of every holy shia shrine which reflects the efforts of the Nawabs of Awadh (Oudh) to promote Azadari in the Indian sub-continent. Lucknow holds the privilege of holding the Shabi-e- Rauza (Replicas of the original Shrines or Tombs) of all the Members of Muhammad's family, collectively known as Ahlebait. Not only the Nawabs but also the noble men and the locals built the Shrines(Shabi-e-Rauza) of Ahlebait in Lucknow.

During the last years of nawabs of awadh satrikh was a Taluqa of Nawabi and British Awadh. This estate comprised 85 villages. All the villages were to pay their 'Lagan' (Tax)to the Taluqedar of Satrikh. After 1857.

Sajida therefore succeeded her father and was recognised by the government of India as Begum of Bhopal in 1961. Upon her demise in 1995, her son Mansoor succeeded to the estates and titles associated with the Nawabs of Bhopal.

Polyura dolon, the stately nawab or stately rajah (because it was formerly placed in Charaxes), is a butterfly found in India belonging to the rajahs and nawabs group, that is, the Charaxinae group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

Robert Chrisholm was given the task of converting the office building into a palace. In 1876, the Nawab moved in with his family into the Amir Mahal. The mahal has since been the residence of the Nawabs of Arcot.

The third season premiered on 25 February 2018. Lucknow Nawabs defeated the two time champions Delhi Dragons and emerged as the winners of Season 3. The third aired on MTV India. RJ Sidhu was the commentator for BCL 3.

The Garbhagriha houses a circular Yonipeetha only. The Lingamurthy is displaced by attacks of Kalapahad who was a Muslim invader from the nawabs of Bengal near Murshidabad. The temple is listed as a monument by the Archaeological Survey of India.

The following is a list of the Nawabs of Bengal. Sarfaraz Khan and Mir Jafar were the only two to become Nawab Nazim twice. The chronology started in 1717 with Murshid Quli Khan and ended in 1880 with Mansur Ali Khan.

The Nawabs of Dhanbari claim to be descended from Muslim preacher Shah Atiqullah. He came from Baghdad to Delhi in the Mughal period. His descendant Shah Sultan went in Bengal. Shah Khoda Bakhsh was one of the member of this dynasty.

Alipur (), is a tehsil, (an administrative subdivision), of Muzaffargarh District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Its capital is Alipur city. Alipur was a Panwar Rajput state till 1701. Later this territory came under control of newly established nawabs of Muzaffargarh.

An Oriental Biographical Dictionary: Founded on Materials Collected by the Late Thomas William Beale (2nd edition). W. H. Allen (1894), pp. 336–337. All subsequent Nawabs of Awadh down to Wajid Ali Shah are thus descended from Khan through his daughter.

37 After 182 years of Mughal control, Bihar passed into the control of Nawabs of Bengal under British suzernity. This period saw Bihar's exploitation at the hands of the rulers in the form of high taxes, but the Nawabs of Bengal also allowed trade to flourish in the region. Some of the greatest melas of the Indian subcontinent, such as the Soenpur Mela, which was the biggest cattle fair in India, were allowed to continue and even flourish with traders coming from near and far. Prince Azim-us-Shan, the grandson of Aurangzeb was appointed as the governor of Bihar in 1703.

Jafarganj Cemetery was built by Mir Jafar over an area of 3.51 acres within an enclosure of waved walls, about half a mile north to the Nizamat Fort Campus and inside the campus of Namak Haram Deorhi. It hosts the graves of the later Nawabs of Bengals of the Najafi dynasty, starting from Mir Jafar, and their family members while Khushbagh, which was built by Nawab Alivardi Khan, hosts the graves of the Nawabs of Bengal belonging to the Afshar dynasty and their family members. At present this graveyard is controlled and maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Burhan ul Mulk Sa'adat Khan Safdarjung When the Mughal Empire disintegrated, their territory remained confined to the Doab region and Delhi. Other areas of Hindustan (Uttar Pradesh) were ruled by different rulers: Oudh was ruled by the Shia Nawabs of Oudh, Rohilkhand by the Rohillas, Bundelkhand by the Marathas and Benaras by its own king, while Nepal controlled Kumaon-Garhwal as a part of Greater Nepal. The state's capital city of Lucknow was established by the Muslim Nawabs of Oudh in the 18th century. It became an important centre of Muslim culture and the development of Urdu literature.

When the Mughal Empire disintegrated, their territory remained confined to the Doab region of and Delhi. Other areas of Hindustan (Uttar Pradesh or U.P.) were now ruled by different rulers: Oudh was ruled by the Shia Nawabs of Oudh, Rohilkhand by the Rohillas, Bundelkhand by the Marathas and Benaras by its own king, while Nepal controlled Kumaon- Garhwal as a part of Greater Nepal. The state's capital city of Lucknow was established by the Muslim Nawabs of Oudh in the 18th century. It became an important centre of Muslim culture, and the centre for the development of Urdu literature.

Pahasu was a jagir during British India owned by Nawabs belonging to Lalkhani Muslim "Pahasu" is a large Muslim feudals of Aligarh (UP)."Pahasu" in British India was represented by Old and young party in UP legislative council from years 1909 to 1919.

The Nawabs of Masulipatam ruled under the Nizam in eastern India. The best known of them was Nawab Haji Hassan Khan. Their title later became Nawab of Banganapalle as they shifted from Masulipatam to Banganapalle. They belong to the Najm-i-Sani Dynasty.

Fathul Mujahidin, replaced Bengal ruled by the Nawabs of Bengal as South Asia's foremost economic territory. After the British Raj, the Nizams of Hyderabad remained as the major Muslim princely state until the Annexation of Hyderabad by the modern Republic of India.

The rulers of the state, the Salarzai Nawabs of Tonk, belonged to a Pashtun Tarkani tribe. They were entitled to a 17-gun salute by the British authorities. The last ruler before Indian independence, Nawab Muhammad Ismail Ali Khan, has no issue.

Hungama in Dubai is a 2007 Hindi (or Telugu) comedy film directed by Masood Ali and starring Aziz Naser, Dheer Charan Srivastav, and Mast Ali in part of a series of movies based on the Hyderabadi lingo theme that followed The Angrez and Hyderabad Nawabs.

It is often answered with the same or the word "tasleem" is said as an answer or sometimes it is answered with a facial gesture of acceptance. In popular culture today, the adab is often associated with the courtly culture of the Muslim Nawabs.

The Nizam resolved the internal conflicts among the regional hereditary nobles (Nawabs) for the seat of governor (Subedar) of Arcot State, and monitored the activities of the British East India company and French East India Company by limiting their access to ports and trading.

During the decline of the Mughal Empire, Nawabs of Bengal (who were Muslim) ruled a large part of Bengal. During the reign of Alivardi Khan. a Nawab, the severe taxation and frequent raids made the life miserable for the ordinary Bengali people.Chaudhuri, B.B. (2008).

He founded the Nasiri dynasty. In 1740, following the Battle of Giria, Alivardi Khan staged a coup and founded the short-lived Afsar dynasty. For all practical purposes, the Nazims acted as independent princes. European colonial powers referred to them as Nawabs or Nababs.

N.M Nizam Vali belonged to the family of Mayana Nawabs that had once ruled Gandikota fort of Kadapa. He was the great grandson of Davulat Khan Mayana, a philanthropist of his times. Nizam Vali’s elder brother M.A. Mayana was a famous advocate of Kadiri town.

With the decline of that empire, the title, and the powers that went with it, became hereditary in the ruling families in the various provinces. Under later British rule, nawabs continued to rule various princely states of Awadh, Amb, Bahawalpur, Balasinor, Baoni, Banganapalle, Bhopal, Cambay, Jaora, Junagadh, Kurnool (the main city of Deccan), Kurwai, Mamdot, Multan, Palanpur, Pataudi, Radhanpur, Rampur, Malerkotla, Sachin, Rajoli and Tonk. Other former rulers bearing the title, such as the nawabs of Bengal and Oudh, had been dispossessed by the British or others by the time the Mughal dynasty finally ended in 1857. Some princes became Nawab by promotion, e.g.

The Nawabs began entering into treaties with numerous European companies, including the French East India Company, the Dutch East India Company, and the Danish East India Company. The Mughal court in Delhi was weakened by Nader Shah's invasion from Persia (1739) and Ahmed Shah Durrani's invasion from Afghanistan (1761). The East India Company's victories at the Battle of Plassey (against the last independent Nawab of Bengal in 1757) and the Battle of Buxar (against the Nawabs of Bengal and Oudh in 1764) led to the abolition of local rule (Nizamat) in Bengal in 1793. The Company gradually began to formally expand its territories across India and Southeast Asia.

The rest of the land of Ameerpet, after the merger of Hyderabad into Indian Union, was later on passed on to his heirs who sold it in bits and pieces to other Jagirdars, nawabs, and others settlers. Most of these settlers were immigrants from neighboring state Andhra Pradesh and also other states of India namely Rajasthan, UP, Maharashtra, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu. The substantial part of the land is still with Nawabs and Jagirdars. The value of land from the early 60s up to late 80s commanded higher prices than posher areas like Banjara Hills and Jubilee Hills because of its proximity to Highway and Industrial areas.

Faizabad is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which forms a municipal corporation with Ayodhya. It was the headquarters of Faizabad district and Faizabad division until 6 November 2018, when the Uttar Pradesh cabinet headed by chief minister Yogi Adityanath approved the renaming of Faizabad district as Ayodhya, and the shifting of the administrative headquarters of the district to Ayodhya city. Faizabad is situated on the banks of river Ghaghra (locally known as Saryu) about 130 km east of state capital Lucknow. It was the first capital of the Nawabs of Awadh and has monuments built by the Nawabs, like the Tomb of Bahu Begum, Gulab Bari.

The country was on the whole somewhat hilly, being at the edge of the Aravalli Range. The present Nawab sahab of Palanpur state is HH Diwan Khan MahaKhan Nawab sahab shri Muzaffarmuhammadkhanji Bahadur. 48 Nawabs ruled in palanpur. Other Lohani(Hetani), Bihari(Pathan) origion belongs From Abhganistan.

Rampuri cuisine, a part of the Mughal cuisine tradition, developed by the chefs of the Nawabs, is also known for its distinct flavours and dishes with recipes passed on from the royal kitchen, like Rampuri fish, Rampuri Korma, Rampuri mutton kebabs, doodhiya biryani and adrak ka halwa.

84Ghulam Nabi Khan"Alafghan Tanoli"(Urdu), Pub. Rawalpindi, 2001, pp.244 Following Pakistani independence in 1947, and for some months afterwards,The nawabs of Amb remained unaligned. At the end of December 1947 the nawab of Amb state acceded to Pakistan, while retaining internal self-government.

The Noor Mahal () is a Pakistan Army-owned palace in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. It was built in 1872 like an Italian chateau on neoclassical lines, at a time when modernism had set in. It belonged to the Nawabs of Bahawalpur princely state, during British Raj.The Bahawalpur.

Since Oudh was located in a prosperous region, the British East India Company soon took notice of the affluence in which the Nawabs of Oudh lived. Primarily, the British sought to protect the frontiers of Bengal and their lucrative trade there; only later did direct expansion occur.

Centuries ago the tribals Boyas and Yelikas lived in the forest area around the hillock. They stood up and resented the repressive and automatic rule of the Nawabs. They retaliated against the Muslim soldiers and chased them. The Golconda Nawab rushed additional troops to crush the revolt.

Dost Mohammad Khan, Nawab of Bhopal belonged to the Orakzai tribe The Orakzais served in the Mughal army. The Bhopal State of India was established by Dost Muhammad Khan, an Orakzai commander in the Mughal army. His descendants, the Nawabs of Bhopal, were of Orakzai ancestry.

His descendant, Ali Bahadur fought alongside with Rani Lakshmibai in First War of Indian Independence of 1857. His descendants were known as Nawabs of Banda. But after the defeat of Ali Bahadur, the British abolished the Banda state. His present descendants lead a simple life in Banda.

Govt Girls PG College was established in the year 1976. The college campus is spread over a huge area inside Rampur Fort (Quilla). The building was originally the residence of Nawabs of Rampur. It was converted into a college during the reign of Nawab Murtaza Ali Khan.

A number of scholarships were given to students even outside the State. Railway track was laid by the Nawabs in the State. Hospitals and dispensaries were established. Canals were dug and the Sultej Valley Project was completed to provide water to the lands of Bahawalpur region.

Bahawalpur's Sadiq Egerton College was founded in 1886. Bahalwapur's Nawabs celebrated the Golden Jubillee of Queen Victoria in 1887 in a state function at the Noor Mahal palace. Two hospitals were established in the city in 1898. In 1901, the population of the city was 18,546.

Mahaboob subhani sandal s also celebrated every year. Demographics This town is known as "Nawabi Adda", as this was ruled by the Nawabs and the Muslim population is very high in this town. The town people mostly follow Islam and Hindu religions. Languages spoken are Telugu and Urdu.

Polyura schreiber, the blue nawab, is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). It occurs from south India and Assam through Myanmar, Tenasserim, and Southeast Asia to southern China and to Java, Indonesia.

The Rajas of Nalagarh, Bilaspur, Kangra Hills and Jammu touched his knees. The Nawabs of Malerkotla and Kunjpura paid him homage. And yet he remained a humble and docile disciple of Guru Gobind Singh. In the person of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, the Guru actually made a sparrow kill hawks.

During rule of Jhalori Nawabs, Palanpur became well known for Gujarati Ghazals and poetry. Combination Samosas and Kari are popular snack in the town. Palanpur is an educational hub of Banaskantha. Major schools include Vividhlakshi Vidyamandir, Shri Ram Vidhyalaya, Aadarsh Vidhyasankool, M B Karnavat School, K K Gothi Highschool.

To acknowledge the contributions of the nawabs, the college was named after Nawab Sir Salimullah (1871–1915). Until 1957 the License of Medical Faculty (LMF) degree was offered by this college. During 1963–1972 condensed courses for the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (M.B.B.S.) degree were offered.

The State had its own administrative and judicial system. The Nawabs gifted portions of their land in Lahore to Punjab University, while the mosque at Aitchison College was also gifted by the Nawab. The Bahawalpur Block of the King Edward Medical College was also donated by the Nawab.

The French East India Company operated out of Pondicherry, just down the coast from Madras. Both European powers entered into agreements with local Nawabs and princely states, primarily for trade contacts but also hoping to gain influence over the territories that provided trade goods and tax revenue. As England and France were rivals in Europe, they carried on their rivalry to the new Eastern trade frontier by way of extending their support to rival Nawabs in India. The Indian princes were ambivalent toward the Europeans and as much as they appreciated the income from trade, they primarily desired the military might the Europeans could supply to tip the local balance of power in their favour.

By the 18th century, Mughal Bengal became a quasi-independent country under the nominal rule of the emperor in Delhi. The subedar was elevated to the status of a hereditary Nawab Nazim. The Nawabs maintained de facto control of Bengal while minting coins in the name of the emperor in Delhi.

They started looking about for an excuse, which the decadent Nawabs readily provided. On 1 May 1816, a British protectorate was signed. United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, 1903 In 1856 the East India Company annexed the state under the Doctrine of Lapse, which was placed under a Chief Commissioner.

The Jalsaghar buildings in 1904. Madhur Canteen was reconstructed after suffering severe damage during the liberation war. The canteen was relocated from its original location in the present-day Dhaka Medical college building to an old structure. The canteen's present location served as the Durbar Hall of the Dhaka Nawabs.

He held the title from 1969 until his death 1993. He was succeeded by the Muhammed Abdul Ali who inherited the title. Because the Nawabs of Arcot had a special treaty with the Indian Government, this title was not abolished along with all other noble titles of India in 1972.

The word Shahi, means something which is royal. Shahi jilapi came from the shahi kitchen(literally royal kitchen) of the Nawabs of Dhaka. They would eat it during family occasions and that's where the idea came from. Thus, therefore, the name of this large, delicious and famous sweetmeat is Shahi Jilapi.

Nawabs started expanding the domain of the State. Not only did they gain a lot of land, they also made it one of the richest states of the sub- continent. A lot of development work was done in the State in all fields. Schools, colleges and later a university were opened.

The second season took place in 2016. Two new cricket teams, Chennai Swaggers and Lucknow Nawabs were added to the BCL. Again in Season 2, Delhi Dragons for the second time in a row and emerged as the 2 times champions of BCL. The second season aired on Colors TV.

Murshid Quli Khan wanted to create a line of governing nawabs like the contemporary governors of Oudh. He was succeeded by family members. However, Alivardi Khan established another nawab family. He collaborated with Jagat Seth to defeat the governor and secured the post of governor from the Mughal ruler through bribery.

Indian Railways, New Delhi: National Book Trust, p.15. The Company sought quick profits because the financial backers in England took high risks: their money for possible profits or losses through shipwrecks, wars or calamities. The increasingly large territory the company was annexing and collecting taxes was also run by the local Nawabs.

Nawab's Dilkusha Garden, Dhaka (1904) by Fritz Kapp. Dilkusha is the commercial cannabis production centre of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh.Dilkusha in Banglapedia It is a part of the larger Motijheel area in the city. Historically, the Nawabs of Dhaka used to consume hashish here in the 19th and early 20th century.

Charaxes agrarius, the anomalous nawab, is a butterfly found in Asia that belongs to the rajahs and nawabs group, that is, the Charaxinae subfamily of the brush-footed butterflies family. The name is based on their resemblance to the common nawab (Polyura athamas), which was described before the discovery of this species.

Ahmed was born on 17 Ashik Lane, Islampur neighborhood in Old Dhaka. Ahmed's grandfather Mirza Hayat performed as an actor for the Nawabs. His father, Mirza Fakir and uncle, Mirza Kader were actors as well. Ahmed's elder brother, Abu Naser Ahmed, was one of the founders of East Bengal Film Association in 1952.

Dhakaiya weddings are also typically seen as very "extravagant". Other sports that were popular amongst Old Dhakaiyas were hockey, horse riding and Nouka Baich (boat racing). The latter was originally practised in rural areas, but its popularity in urban areas increased in the 18th century as the Nawabs would organise many races.

At Aligarh the brothers stayed in 'English House', a hostel established to house the sons of nawabs and rajas. In 1946 Ahmad arranged for their education in England. He was known for throwing parties, often entertaining visiting dignitaries at his house. He often invited people for dinner with ever-swelling guest lists.

Sayyed was born in Palwal, District Gurgaon, Haryana on Friday, 1 January 1915 (15 Safar 1333 A.H.), to Nawabs Syed Ali Akbar and Khurshaidi Begum. He excelled as a student and in sports and extra-curricular activities. In St. Stephen’s College, Delhi, he obtained high marks and secured 1st place among Muslim classmates.

After the establishment of Board of Revenue at Fort St.George in 1789, East India Company took over the management of temple from Nawabs of Arcot to generate fixed revenue per annum to the circar by organising the income of the temple. By 1801 AD, the British East India Company dispossessed the Nawabs of Arcot, annexed Arcot into their domain and whereby assumed the direct administration of the Tirupati temples for the sake of income of the temple. In 1803, the then Collector of Chittoor, within which Tirupati district is situated had sent a report to the board of revenues showing the full account of the institution, together with schedules, pujas, expenses, and extent of lands etc., known as "Statton's Report" on the tirupati Pagoda.

He was in charge of Home Affairs, Information and Broadcasting and the Ministry of States. There were 565 princely states in India at that time. Some of the Maharajas and Nawabs were dreaming of becoming independent rulers once the British quit India. They argued that the government of free India should treat them as equals.

Qadir, K.B.S.S.A., 1936. The Cultural Influences of Islam in India. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, pp.228–241. Other notable rulers such as Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji, Alauddin Khilji, Firuz Shah Tughlaq, Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, Babur, Sher Shah Suri, Tipu Sultan, and the Nawabs of Bengal were popularly given the term Khalifa.

Lucknow is known for its ghararas. It is a traditional women's outfit that originated from the Nawabs of Awadh. It is a pair of loose trousers with pleats below the knee worn with a kurta (shirt) and a dupatta (veil). It is embroidered with zari and zardozi along with gota (decorative lace on knee area).

Nader Shah's invasion destroyed what was left of the Mughal Empire and neared it to its end. After the invasion, the Mughals rapidly disintegrated. The weakness of the Mughal Army was clearly elaborated after this invasion. The Nawabs clearly could not even relieve their captured city of Delhi, which was the seat of their authority.

Professor Safavi is from the family of the Nawabs of Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh, India), and her family belongs to the Safavid dynasty of Iran. Shah Rahmatullah Safavi, the great grandfather of Prof. Safavi, came to India during the reign of the Indian Mughal king Muhammad Shah in 1737. He was the governor of Azeemabad (Patna).

After the emergence of Alamgir II the Mughal Empire had impulsively began to re-centralize, particularly when many Nawabs sought the gratification of the Mughal Emperor and his co-ordination regarding their resistance to the Maratha. This development was clearly unwelcome by Imad-ul-Mulk who sought to strengthen his authoritarianism with the undaunted support of the Marathas.

Malik Khuda Buksh Tiwana is a political leader from Hassanpur Tiwana Khushab District. He belongs to a family known for politics. He belongs to the same family as that of sir khizar hayat tiwana. His family had been rewarded titles of "Nawab" by the British and thus he is one of the descendants of the Nawabs.

The Nasiri Dynasty of Murshid Quli Khan ended with the death of Sarfaraz Khan. Sarfaraz Khan had five sons and five daughters who never made it to the doors of power thus Alivardi Khan toppled the Nasiri Nawabs and became the new Nawab of Bengal. Alivardi Khan also founded the Afshar Dynasty. He lies buried at Naginabag in Murshidabad.

Buddha Statute erected 1930 in the '#Jubilee Park (Jubilee Baug). Baroda State was a former Indian Princely State. Vadodara's more recent history began when the Maratha general Pilaji Gaekwad conquered Songadh from the Mughals in 1726. Before the Gaekwads captured Baroda, it was ruled by the Babi Nawabs, who were the officers of the Mughal rulers.

Mast Ali (born 1980) is an Indian actor and dialogue writer who is known for his Hyderabadi dialect humour. He is widely known as Saleem Pheku from the movie The Angrez. Although he was not the lead character, many considered him to be a show stealer. He has also acted in Hyderabad Nawabs and Hyderabadi Bakra.

The area that is nearby was part of Awadh Kingdom in the 17th century. The Nawabs use to rule the place. The British Rule was also there in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was part of Lucknow District and then Unnao was carved from it of which it became a small township to be developed since 2011.

Rampur is considered as third school of poetry after Delhi and Lucknow. Many prominent and legendary Urdu poets of the time like Daagh Dehlvi, Ghalib and Amir Meenai joined the patronage of Rampur court. Nawabs of Rampur were very fond of poetry and other fine arts. They provided remunerations to the poets who were associated with ' darbar.

He died of cancerTornos India – About Us – Nawabs of Avadh on 13 February 1847 at the age of 47 years. He is buried at Imambara Sibtainabad in the western part of Hazratganj, Lucknow.Lucknow Sightseeing Tours, Lucknow Travel Directory, Lucknow Tourism Guide, Arts & Culture of Lucknow, Places of Interest in Lucknow He was succeeded by his son Wajid Ali Shah.

Most of the nawab dynasties were male primogenitures, although several ruling Begums of Bhopal were a notable exception. Before the incorporation of the Subcontinent into the British Empire, nawabs ruled the kingdoms of Awadh (or Oudh, encouraged by the British to shed the Mughal suzerainty and assume the imperial style of Badshah), Bengal, Arcot and Bhopal.

The Anglo-Indian Wars were the several wars fought in the Indian Subcontinent, over a period of time, between the British East India Company and different Indian states, mainly the Mughal Empire, Kingdom of Mysore, Nawabs of Bengal, Maratha Empire, the Sikh Empire and the like. These wars led to the establishment of British colonial rule in India.

In the middle of the seventeenth century, Babu Kabi Ballabh, a descendant of Sarbananda of Barsala, mastered the Persian language. After impressing Emperor Muhammad Shah, Ballabh was given the title of Rai. Ballabh was then made the Qanungoh and Dastidar of Sylhet by the Nawabs of Murshidabad. The role of the Dastidars were to approve and seal the sanads.

He had a dream to establish Jat rule in India. He was planning to have a joint rebellion against the Muslim rule in India. He had heard the stories of rebellion by Jats of Bharatpur such as Gokula Singh and Raja Ram . Meanwhile, he came in contact with one Rajput Shardul, who was an employee of the Nawabs.

Charaxes latona, the orange emperor, is a butterfly of the rajahs and nawabs group, i.e. the Charaxinae group of the brush-footed butterflies family. It is native to the tropical rainforests of eastern Indonesia, western Melanesia and far northern Queensland, Australia, where it is limited to the Iron Range. They fly all year and may complete several generations annually.

The library containing rare collections is not accessible to the public unless special permission is obtained. The building, rectangular on plan (424 feet Long and broad and high). The Palace was used for holding the "Durbar" or meetings and other official work of the Nawabs and also as the residence of the high ranking British Officials.

The Nawabs were based in Murshidabad which was centrally located within Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. Their chief deputy was the Naib Nazim of Dhaka. Bengal Subah was one of the largest, wealthiest and most influential provinces in the Mughal Empire. In 1717, the Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar replaced the imperial viceroy of Bengal with the position of a hereditary Nawab.

Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 308. . The Nawabs of Bengal oversaw a period of proto-industrialization. The Bengal-Bihar-Orissa triangle was a major production center for cotton muslin cloth, silk cloth, shipbuilding, gunpowder, saltpetre, and metalworks. Factories were set up in Murshidabad, Dhaka, Patna, Sonargaon, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Cossimbazar, Balasore, Pipeli, and Hugli among other cities, towns, and ports.

After his retirement he published all her books. They settled in Bombay and had five children, four sons and one daughter. Wajida Tabassum's stories started appearing in the monthly magazine Biswin Sadi ('twentieth century'). These stories were erotic in style as she brought out the life styles of the Hyderabadi nawabs, which was considered "luxurious and amorous".

Tehari, tehri or tehari are various names for the vegetarian version of biryani. It was developed for the Hindu bookkeepers of the Muslim Nawabs. It is prepared by adding the potatoes to the rice, as opposed to the case of traditional biryani, where the rice is added to the meat. In Kashmir, tehari is sold as street food.

Alivardi Khan (, ; 1671 - 9 April 1756) was the Nawab of Bengal from 1740 to 1756. He toppled the Nasiri Dynasty of the Nawabs and took powers of the Nawab. He is also one of the few Mughal-era leaders known for his victory during the Battle of Burdwan against the Maratha Empire during the Maratha invasions of Bengal.

Habibullah was born in Madras (now Chennai) to Aushukh Hussain Khan Saheb on 22 September 1869. He was a member of the Arcot royal family and closely related to the Nawabs of Arcot. He studied law at Zila High School in Saidapet and joined the bar at Vellore in July 1888. He was married to Sadathunissa Begum.

The Black Town later came to be known as George Town. During this period, the Presidency was significantly expanded and reached an extent which continued into the early 19th century. During the early years of the Madras Presidency, the English were repeatedly attacked by the Mughals, the Marathas and the Nawabs of Golkonda and the Carnatic region.Hunter 1908, p.

The Nawabs of Rampur sided with the British during Indian Rebellion of 1857 and this enabled them to continue to play a role in the social, political and cultural life of Northern India in general and the Muslims of United Provinces in particular. They gave refuge to some of the literary figures from the Court of Bahadur Shah Zafar.

After Nizam I, Asaf Jah, died in AD 1748. There was a tussle for power among his son, Nasir Jung, and grandson Muzaffar Jung. The English supported Nasir Jung whereas Muzaffar Jung got support from the French. These two heirs were subsequently killed by Nawabs of Kurnool and Cuddapah, one after another, in AD 1750 and AD 1751, respectively.

Nawabs Bugalow At Devda Gujarat Devda is a village in Porbandar district, Gujarat, India. It is on the bank of the Minsar river. The population of the village is around 4000 and most of people are doing farming. And major resources of farming water is wells and tube wells and major crops are cotton, groundnut, onion, and jira.

Except for some years in the beginning, Kadapa District was the seat of the Mayana Nawabs in the 18th century. With the British occupation of the tract in 1800 CE, it became the headquarters of one of the four subordinate collectorates under the principal collector Sir Thomas Munro. In 2004, Kadapa was recognised as a municipal corporation.

1/2011 but his "gallery" of protagonists also included shepherds, foresters, rafters, thieves, teachers, village doctors, Romani metalworkers, and the rich industrialists ("Transylvanian nawabs").Iorga, pp. 119, 175, 178 A prolific writer, possibly the most productive one in Romania before 1930,Șăineanu, p. 141 he completed some 65 volumes, by his own account, both long and short.

Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (i) Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing (ii) Peeling of raw silk (iii) Weaving of silk fabrics. Ivory carving is an important cottage industry from the era of the Nawabs. The main areas where this industry has flourished are Khagra and Jiaganj.

Sehore has been an integral part of Awanti. Later on, it was under the tutelage of the Magadh dynasty, Chandragupta I, Harshavardhan, Ashoka, Raja Bhoj, Peshwa chiefs, Rani Kamlawati and the Nawabs of the Bhopal dynasty. Sehore remained the headquarters of the political agent and resident of the British empire till Indian independence. Rivers big and small abound in the landscape of Sehore.

Its entrance might have been near the Kottai Darwaja Sri Veera Anjaneyar Temple, since the word "Kottai" in Tamil means "Fort", and the word "Darwaja" in Hindi/Urdu means "Gate" or "Door". The area is still known as "Kottai"(fort). The Town was ruled by Cholas, Pallavas, Hoysalas, Vijaya Nagara rulers, Vallala Maharajan, Sambuvarayars, Tipu, Nawabs of Arcot and undoubtedly by the British.

Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (i) Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing (ii) Peeling of raw silk (iii) Weaving of silk fabrics. Ivory carving is an important cottage industry from the era of the Nawabs. The main areas where this industry has flourished are Khagra and Jiaganj.

The Rampur Greyhound is a smooth-haired sighthound native to the region, often described as being more substantially built than other greyhounds. It was the favoured hound of the Nawabs for jackal coursing, but was also used to hunt lions, tigers, leopards, and panthers. Mh Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur bred these dogs by combining Tazi and English Greyhound bloodlines.

Christians and Hindus got along fairly peacefully. The Christian sanyasis of Andhra worked with the permission of the local authorities, which enabled them to spread the gospel with the greatest possible freedom. The relations between the French and the Nizam and his nawabs were on the whole cordial enough. The Muslim authorities tended to favour and protect the 'Roman Fakirs' and their disciples.

They are said to be descended from Chauhan Rajputs who converted from Hinduism to Islam in the 14th century during the reign of Firuz Shah Tughlaq. However, the historian Dirk Kolff has queried whether the Qaimkhani have Turk origins. They ruled between 1384 and 1731 with Fatehpur, Rajasthan as the capital, Rajput kayamkhani nawabs ruled in Fatehpur, Jhunjhunu and Singhana.

Hazrat Shah Kamal, a Sufi descendant from Kirman, Persia, settled here and taught Islam to the natives and spread Islam to the surrounding villages. The fort was owned by Tipu Sultan for some years in the late 18th century. Tipu Sultan also erected a coinage to seal the coins. And then Kadapa Then came the rule of the Kadapa Nawabs.

This village is within 10 km distance from Warangal city but thousands of kilometers distant from development. There has been a lower primary school since late 1960s, upgraded to primary school in mid-1980s and now upgraded to high school. This village has monuments left from Kakatiya time and Nawabs time. There are two temples (Shiva and Vishnu temples) surviving from Kakatiya Dynasty.

The Faujdars of Purnea (also known as the Nawabs of Purnea) created an autonomous territory for themselves under the leadership of Saif Khan and ruled in parts of Eastern Bihar in the early 1700s. They were engaged in a protracted conflict with the neighbouring Kingdom of Nepal. Many Bihari Muslims migrated to Pakistan and Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) after independence in 1947.

In the following centuries, the Khanzadas were reduced to the status of zamindars. Many continued to serve in the Alwar State Forces and British Indian Army. However, the Chowdhurys' of Tijara and Nawabs of Shahabad, Alwar remained important Khanzadas strongholds. Among them Nawab Feroz Khan of Shahabad, Alwar and Khan Bahadur Fateh Naseeb Khan of Tijara, Alwar achieved Imperial chivalry ranks.

Hazarduari Palace (Palace of a Thousand Doors) was home to the titular Nawabs of Murshidabad Nawab Mansur Ali Khan was the last titular Nawab Nazim of Bengal. During his reign the nizamat at Murshidabad came to be debt-ridden. The Nawab left Murshidabad in February 1869, and had started living in England. The title of the Nawab of Bengal stood abolished in 1880.

Mujra is a dance performance by women in a format that emerged during Mughal rule in India, where the elite class and local rulers like the nawabs of the Indian society (often connected to the Mughal emperor's court) used to frequent courtesans for their entertainment at night. This trend was increasingly evident during the decadent or decline years of the Mughal empire.

Having patronage from the Nawabs, artists from various field of arts sowed the seed of cultural heritage in this place. The calm lifestyle of this city still evokes a rich cultural environment. Almost all well-to-do parents send their children to at least one school of art. Among them, dancing, acting, recitation, painting, and music are the most popular.

In addition, the revenues from running Awadh's armed forces brought them useful returns while the territory acted as a buffer state. The Nawabs were ceremonial kings, busy with pomp and show. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, the British had grown impatient with the arrangement and demanded direct control over Awadh. Residency at Lucknow shows the gunfire it took during the rebellion.

Mohammad Ali was born in Barisal, East Bengal, India, on 19 October 1909. He was born into an elite and wealthy aristocrat family who were known as the Nawabs of Bogra, traditionally very close to the English monarchy. The prefix, Sahibzada (lit. Prince) is added before his name to represent the Bengali royalty which is customary to give to individuals in India.

Few years later Gopal Bandopadhyay of Ichapore married a girl of Majumder family and started to live at Debagram. Gopal Bandopadhyay and his successor Janakinath Bandopadhyay were close of Nawabs of Murshidabad. After that quickly they extended their Zamindari and wealth. At the same time many other people, mainly Brahmins, from different areas came here and a prosperous village was formed.

Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (1) Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing (2) Peeling of raw silk (3) Weaving of silk fabrics. Ivory carving is an important cottage industry from the era of the Nawabs. The main areas where this industry has flourished are Khagra and Jiaganj.

In 1743 Nizam-ul-mulk, lieutenant of the Deccan Plateau, displaced most of the Marathas from the region and Tirunelveli came under the rule of the Nawabs of Arcot. The original power lay in the hands of the polygars, who were originally military chiefs of the Nayaks. The city was known as Nellai Cheemai, with Cheemai meaning "a developed foreign town".

Indigo planting in Bengal dated back to 1777 when Louis Bonnard , a Frenchman introduced it to the Indians. He was the first indigo planter of Bengal. He started cultivation at Taldanga and Goalpara near Chandannagar (Hooghly).With the Nawabs of Bengal under British power, indigo planting became more and more commercially profitable because of the demand for blue dye in Europe.

Sir Salimullah Medical College was established in 1961 as Dhaka Medical School in the old part of the capital city, Dhaka. Mitford Hospital was a part of the school. Donations from sixteen local nawabs and philanthropists financed the erection of a dedicated medical school building in 1889. Mitford Hospital in 1904 The school was made a medical college in 1962.

Kala means black, and Bagh means garden. This name came about because its founders, the Nawabs of Kalabagh, planted a lot of mango trees, and their dark green leaves looked black to travellers from afar in the dusty haze. Hence kalabagh simply means black garden in local terms.The Mianwali district Gazetteer 1915 This local town has geological importance for Pakistan.

The Nawabs permitted European companies to set up trading posts across the region, including firms from Britain, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Portugal and Austria. An Armenian community dominated banking and shipping in major cities and towns. The Europeans regarded Bengal as the richest place for trade. By the late 18th century, the British displaced the Mughal ruling class in Bengal.

Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (i) Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing (ii) Peeling of raw silk (iii) Weaving of silk fabrics. Ivory carving is an important cottage industry from the era of the Nawabs. The main areas where this industry has flourished are Khagra and Jiaganj.

Nizammat Imambara of Murshidabad is the biggest imambargah in the Subcontinent. Shi'ism was introduced to Bengal during the governorship of Shah Shuja (1641–1661 AD), son of Shah Jahan. However, from 1707 AD to 1880 AD, the Nawabs of Bengal were Shias. They built huge Imambargahs, including the biggest of the Subcontinent built by Nawab Siraj-ud Daula, the Nizammat Imambara.

The nawabs of Bengal and Iranian merchants in Bengal patronised azadari and the political capital Murshidabad and the trading hub Hoogly attracted Shia scholars from within and outside India.Andreas Rieck, "The Shias of Pakistan", p. 3, Oxford university press, (2015). The first Nawab, Murshid Quli Khan, was adopted by a Shia merchant Haji Shafi Isfahani and was brought up as a Shia.

Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (i) Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing (ii) Peeling of raw silk (iii) Weaving of silk fabrics. Ivory carving is an important cottage industry from the era of the Nawabs. The main areas where this industry has flourished are Khagra and Jiaganj.

Several Hindu rajas, Sikh rulers and Muslim Nawabs visited the fair. Europeans watched the crowds and few Christian missionaries distributed their religious literature at the Hardwar Mela, wrote Martin. A cultural program pandal at Prayag Kumbh Mela (2019) Prior to 1838, the British officials collected taxes but provided no infrastructure or services to the pilgrims. This changed particularly after 1857.

Mentioned by Khushhal Khan Khattak in his prose. Also named Asadabad after its first Teri- based ruler: Khan Asad-ullah Khan Akorkhel in the first half of 18th century. Teri was Kohat's largest Tahsil from 1848 to 1956, under the Nawabs of Teri; covering the whole of the present Karak, Lachi and Gumbat. It had a total area of 1616 square miles.

Parasnis authored biographies of Bramhendra Swami, Rani's Laxmi Bai of Jhansi and Baija Bai of Gwalior and works on the Mahrattas and the Nawabs of Oudh. Parasnis also published the collections of letters in his two monthly magazines - the Bharatavarsha and the Ithihasa Sangraha, of which the first was published for two years and the second for seven years from August 1907.

Nawabs of Awadh were fore-runners of this culture.Descendants of Nawabs keep Holi traditions alive, The Indian Express, Tue 10 March 2009, 15:35 hrs The region of Awadh in the state of Uttar Pradesh is usually considered to be the center of this culture. Allahabad, Lucknow, Kanpur,Festival has origin in city's composite culture, TNN, 13 May 2009, 06.52am ISTKarbala revisited , Express News Service, Saturday , 12 February 2005 Faizabad-Ayodhya,Plaint Of Ayodhya, The Financial Express, Sunday, 22 August 2004 at 0000 hrs ISTTwin towns welcome verdict with humility, grace, Deccan Chronicle, 1 October 2010 and Varanasi (Benares)An apt reflection of Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb, Naveen Kumar, TNN, 25 September 2009, 10.09pm ISTStories behind the masks, Shailaja Tripathi, NEW DELHI, 4 November 2010, The Hindu are a few of the many centers of this culture.

There is also a palace near the town, now used by the Agriculture Department. The town was used by Arcot nawabs for their military training campus. The famous 18th-century Marathi poet, author of the very beautiful poem "Nal-Damayanti Swayamvarakhyana" (the story of swayamvara of Nal & Damayanti) Raghunath Pandit is believed to have lived here. The tomb situated in the heart of city for Sir.

It is believed to be quarried in a south Indian mine, like the Koh-i-Noor. It is set in the centre of a gold armlet, with ten 5-carat (1 g) oval shaped smaller diamonds around it, used by the Nawabs of Dhaka, who also used as it an ornament on the turban. It is now preserved in a vault of Sonali Bank.

Nizams: The Emperor Aurangazeb included this district in the province of Golconda, which remained under Asaf jah who was appointed as Subedar or Viceroy of the Deccan in AD 1713 with the title of Nizam-ul- Mulk. The province of Golconda comprised five Nawabs’ charges viz. Arcot, Cuddapah, Kurnool, Rajahmundry and Chicacole (Srikakulam). The Nawab of Rajahmundry ruled the country induced in the Krishna district.

His son Raza Ali Khan became the last ruling Nawab in 1930. On 1 July 1949 the State of Rampur was merged into the Republic of India. Rampur today presents a slightly decayed appearance: the palaces of the Nawabs are crumbling, as are the gates and walls of the fort. However, the Library remains a flourishing institution of immense value to scholars from all over the world.

In 1975, he claimed to have seen a tiger in East Kalimantan, and published two photographs to support his statement. The authenticity of these photographs were doubted by Lord Medway, 5th Earl of Cranbrook, in 1977, but accepted by Meijaard in 1999. He has also worked as an actor for Hollywood and Bollywood. In India, he worked on documentaries of monarchs, particularly Indian maharajas and nawabs.

In Uttar Pradesh, the Bahand are an endogamous Muslim community. Their ancestors were employed at the court of the various local rulers as folk entertainers, in particular at the court of the Nawabs of Awadh. Most Bahand in Uttar Pradesh are no longer involved with folk entertainment. What now binds the community is a sense of stigma attached to the community on account of their ancestral occupation.

Muhammad Ali Khan (died 1853), popularly known as Nawab Muhammad Ali Khan Bahadur, was perhaps the most well known and reputed Nawab of Masulipatam in India. He was preceded by Qutb Ud Daula. The Nawabs of Masulipatam ruled under the Nizam in east India. The title was later known as Nawab of Banganapalle, as they family shifted from the region of Masulipatam to the territory of Banganapalle.

Yellowish muga silk is sometimes used in addition to the white thread. The work is done on caps, kurtas, saris, scarfs, and other vestments. The chikan industry, almost unknown under the Nawabs, has not only survived but has flourished. About 2,500 entrepreneurs are engaged in manufacturing chikan for sale in local, national and international markets with Lucknow the largest exporter of chikan embroidered garments.

Morphologically, three clear demarcations exist; the Central business district, which is a fully built up area, comprises Hazratganj, Aminabad and Chowk. A middle zone surrounds the inner zone with cement houses while the outer zone consists of slums. Historically, Lucknow was the capital of the Awadh region, controlled by the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire. It was transferred to the Nawabs of Awadh.

An early manuscript describing dance is the Natya Shastra on which is based the modern interpretation of classical Indian dance (e.g. Bharathanatyam). During the reign of the last Mughals and Nawabs of Oudh dance fell down to the status of 'nautch', an unethical sensuous thing of courtesans. Later, linking dance with immoral trafficking and prostitution, British rule prohibited public performance of dance. Many disapproved it.

The Abyssinian, Abdul Wahab Khan, defeated King Gopal Raja of the Vijayanagar Kingdom in the 17th century and went on to rule the land for 16 years until his death. In 1686, Kurnool fell under the influence of the Mughals who were ruled by Emperor Aurangzeb. Later on in Kurnool's history, it was ruled by the Nawabs until the British Government took over in 1839.

All these papers created a revolutionary change in the farmers. He published History of Jats of Marwar in 1954 and 'Sikh Itihas' in 1954.Dr Pema Ram & Dr Vikramaditya Chaudhary, Jaton ki Gauravgatha, 2004, Publisher - Rajasthani Granthagar, Jodhpur, p. 154 As a journalist he wrote about the oppressive measures of the Jagirdars in Shekhawati region in Rajasthan and the Nawabs of Loharu in Haryana.

Nawab Khair Andesh Khan Sani was son of Nawab Khair Andesh Khan and belonged the illustrious family of the Kamboh Nawabs of Meerut. His original name was Muhammad Masih. He held a manasab of five thousand and the title of Nek Andesh Khan under Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Later under Emperor Bahadur Shah, he held six thousand mansab and received a title of Khair Andesh Khan.

Horilal Varma – Bar At Law as his Prime Minister. On 1 July 1949 the State of Rampur was merged into the Republic of India. Rampur today presents a slightly decayed appearance: the palaces of the Nawabs are crumbling, as are the gates and walls of the fort. However, the Library remains a flourishing institution of immense value to scholars from all over the world.

Ishrat Manzil All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, in Dhaka (1906), which led to the foundation of Muslim League, on December 30, 1906. Israt Manzil was one of the royal residences of the Nawabs of Dhaka. The mansion served as a retreat for members of the Dhaka Nawab Family. Israt Manzil is best known for hosting the opening session of the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference in 1906.

Nazimuddin was born into the aristocratic and wealthy family of the Nawabs of Dhaka, (Dacca), Bengal, on 19 July 1894. His father was Khawaja Nizamuddin and paternal grandfather was Khwaja Fakhruddin. His family hailed from Kashmir and was long settled in Dhaka. He was the maternal grandson of Nawab Bahadur Sir Khwaja Ahsanullah and his mother, Nawabzadi Bilqis Banu, was notable for her own statue.

With the aim of becoming an independent ruler of this area he had constructed an impregnable fort. Before his designs could be fructified, the Nawabs of the Golconda reportedly came to know about his plans and put him to death. The village of Zaffargadh is situated in the valley between the hills on eastern and western sides. The hills are known as Chinnagutta and Peddagutta.

But according to Charles Rieu he evidently added original content, especially on the later history of Awadh and Bengal. The detailed account of the Nawabs of Awadh, their families and their ministers is unique to this encyclopedia among other contemporary works. For some reason, Bahadur Singh strongly resented Kashmiri people. In his book, Singh describes rape and murder of Kashmiri Hindus by Muslims over the centuries.

The house was constructed around 1800 by the British resident Major Gore Ouseley,nic.in accessed 10 September 2007 a friend of the ruler of Oudh, Nawab Saadat Ali Khan. It was initially intended as a hunting lodge for the Nawabs of Oudh, although it was later used as a summer resort too. Changes were made to its design by Nawab, King Nasir-ud-Din Haider (1827-1837).

Photos from Hazarduari Palace with the palace's chandelier in the center. This chandelier is the second largest in the world after that in the Buckingham Palace. The clock tower with the palace in the backdrop The palace has now been transformed into a museum which houses collections from the Nawabs like priceless paintings, furniture, antiques and so on. The famous one is the mirror and the chandelier.

Malik Akor's descendants are called Akorkhels. Khans of Khattaks exercised power in more than half of the present Nowshera District, half of the Kohat district, the whole of what is now called the Karrak District and parts of Attock District as well. During the Durrani rule, the Khans of Khattaks had power till areas as far as Jehlum. Khani of Lachi Lachi came under the Teri Nawabs.

Orissa Steelers won the PHL 2007 against Sher-e-Jalandhar by beating them by 4-3 in third final. In the 2007 edition the organisers will eliminate tier 2 and play all the teams in single tier. Also the number of teams will be reduced from 11 teams to 7. Delhi Dazzlers, Bengal Tigers, Lucknow Nawabs, and Imphal Rangers were dropped for the 2007 season.

They were rulers of the state and persecuted the people of the village without any specific reason. They kept the villagers in dungeons for many months and set them free at their special occasions like marriages and gathering with Nawabs. These acts carried out by Mirs are locally called "Shers" (the Lions). Mirs used to get their acts done by their Khalifas (Assistants), special servants.

The Sama are Yousafzai Pathan, who trace their ancestry to the village of Sama or Samra, near the city of Peshawar. They came as soldiers in the armies of the Nawabs of Khambhat. From here, they went to Borsad to afford protection to the local Muslims who were being harassed by the Marathas. The Pashtuns were led by a Musa Khan, who was successful in expelling the Marathas.

Mark Brentnall, ed. The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh pg. 301 The term gaddi was usually used for the throne of a Hindu princely state's ruler, while among Muslim princes or Nawabs, save exceptions such as the Travancore State royal family,Velu Pillai. Travancore State Manual (1940) the term musnad (), also spelt as musnud, was more common, even though both seats were similar.

Gudiyattam's signature dishes include palkova, sweet somosa, and vegetarian and non-vegetarian dum dum biryani. The cuisine was introduced by the Nawabs of Arcot who once ruled the area.[43] The Ambur/Vaniyambadi biryani is accompanied with 'dhalcha,' a sour brinjal curry and pachadi' or raitha, which is sliced onions mixed with plain curd, tomato, chilies and salt. It has a distinctive aroma and is considered light on the stomach.

Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (i) Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing (ii) Peeling of raw silk (iii) Weaving of silk fabrics. Prime locations for weaving (silk and cotton) are: Khargram, Raghunathganj I, Nabagram, Beldanga I, Beldanga II and Raninagar-I CD Blocks. Ivory carving is an important cottage industry from the era of the Nawabs.

Important descendants of the Nawabs include Murad Mian the first child of late Nawab Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur of Rampur. Begum Noor Bano, the widow of the former Nawab's younger brother and ex-MP Zulfiquar Ali Khan of Rampur. Begum Noor Bano has become a politician and won the election from Rampur parliamentary constituency in 1999. She lost the elections in 2004,2009 from Rampur and 2014 from Moradabad consecutively.

The Nat speak Urdu and Hindi and converted to Islam during the rule of the Nawabs of Awadh, about two hundred years ago. The Muslim Nat consist of number of sub-groups, the main ones being the Aman, Goleri, Mahawat, Rari, Siarmaroa and Turkata. Many Nat are still involved with fortune telling and live a semi-nomadic lifestyle. Most Nat are now landless agricultural labourers, and are in depressed economic circumstances.

Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (i) Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing (ii) Peeling of raw silk (iii) Weaving of silk fabrics. Prime locations for weaving (silk and cotton) are: Khargram, Raghunathganj I, Nabagram, Beldanga I, Beldanga II and Raninagar-I CD Blocks. Ivory carving is an important cottage industry from the era of the Nawabs.

The books starts with the arrival of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji, an ethnic Turkish general from Southern Afghanistan, who bought Muslim rule in Bengal. The books ends with the Battle of Plassey and the defeat of the Muslims Nawabs of Bengal by the British which ended the Muslim rule in Bengal. There were some inaccuracies with the Bengal Subah under the Mughal Empire and the historic rule of Shaista Khan.

Genealogy of the Nawabs of Loharu Queensland University Ghalib was proud of his reputation as a rake. He was once imprisoned for gambling and subsequently relished the affair with pride. In the Mughal court circles, he even acquired a reputation as a "ladies' man". Once, when someone praised the poetry of the pious Sheikh Sahbai in his presence, Ghalib immediately retorted: He died in Delhi on 15 February 1869.

The Nawabs of Savanur and the Marathas ruled for a short duration before Hyder Ali and Tipu took possession. Later, Bankapura was ceded to the British. ;Inscriptions In the Nagareshwara temple, at the entrance to the mukhamantapa, there are large clear inscriptions written in old Kannada. It is known from history that the great poet of Kannada literature, Ranna, visited Bankapur to meet Ajithsenacharya, who became his teacher.

New Cossimbazar Palace European Residency Cemetery, late 1600 A.D. The Dutch graveyard Berhampore is a famous place for tourists in West Bengal. It gets tourists' flow from locals as well as from foreigners, being the first headquarters of the East India Company and having a long history enriched by the Nawabs of Bengal, Sultans of Bengal, Zamindar and other European colonial forces such as Dutch, Portuguese, English (British Raj) and French.

Dheer Charan Srivastav also known as D. C. Srivastav (born 9 August 1967), is an Indian character actor, comedian and dialogue writer from Hyderabad, Telangana, who mostly appears in Hyderabad Deccani Urdu, Tollywood and Bollywood Films. He is most notable for his role as Ismail Bhai in comedy films, The Angrez (2006), Hyderabad Nawabs (2006) and Hungama in Dubai (2007). He is also known for his Hyderabadi dialect humor.

It was bifurcated in 1972 and a new district Bhopal was formed. Founded in 1707, the city was the capital of the former Bhopal State, a princely state of the British ruled by the Nawabs of Bhopal. Numerous heritage structures from this period include the Taj-ul-Masajid and Taj Mahal palace. In 1984, the city was struck by the Bhopal disaster, one of the worst industrial disasters in history.

The state was part of the Palanpur Agency of the Bombay Presidency, which in 1925 became the Banas Kantha Agency. British administrators took charge of the regency of the state on two occasions, when two separate Nawabs died leaving a minor son as successor. The Nawab of Radhanpur was empowered by the British to control the external relations, as well as to mint the own coins, of the state.

The city of Murshidabad also became a haven of Mughal architecture under the Nawabs of Bengal, with the Caravanserai Mosque (1723) being its most prominent monument. In rural hinterlands, the indigenous Bengali Islamic style continued to flourish, blended with Mughal elements. One of the finest examples of this style is the Atiya Mosque in Tangail (1609). Several masterpieces of terracotta Hindu temple architecture were also created during this period.

Murtaza Ali contested an election from Rampur opposite his mother Rafat Jamani Begum in 1972 and won. Although the two brothers were always political rivals, they never faced each other in elections. Subsequently, the family was also involved in scandals concerning smuggling from Pakistan, where Murtaza Ali had married. Raza Inter College, Hamid Inter College and Murtaza Inter College are three higher secondary schools named after three Nawabs.

He slices off the hand of a Nawab and saves a woman from the assault. When the Nawab comes back for revenge, he is killed by the very same woman whom he tried to assault after a revolutionary song by Rajanna. The revolution spreads to hundreds of villages and the nawabs are shaken. Unable to repress the warfare on their own, the local lords seek the help of the evil Razakars.

According to legend, Bhadrak derives its name from the Goddess Bhadrakali, whose temple is situated on the southwest outskirts of the town. It is an ancient land, dating from the age of the Puranas. Bhadrak's contribution to Odisha's maritime and agrarian prosperity, trade, and commerce throughout the ages is a part of history. In the Mughal period, Bhadrak was a subah, or province, under the Nawabs of Bengal.

Initially, Kamal Khan constructed this palace for his personal residence: Thus, the main gate, passerby corridors, windows and doors were engraved with the sign of "KK". Later when Nizam purchased this palace, the young Nizam felt against his pride to have the abbreviations of other nawabs; he passed a firman and changed the abbreviation "KK" to "King Kothi," meaning king's mansion. Thus the name King Kothi came into existence.

Born in May 1749 in the city of Patna, then part of the Bengal Presidency in British India. He was from a Bengali Muslim family. He claimed to be related to the Nawabs of Bengal, and that he had ancestors who worked in administrative service under the Mughal Emperors. He belonged to the Maniharzada caste , and had studied alchemy and understood the methods used to produce various alkalis, soaps and shampoo.

The French established trading posts at Pondichéry by 1693. The British and French were competing to expand the trade in the northern parts of Tamil Nadu which also witnessed many battles like Battle of Wandiwash as part of the Seven Years' War. British reduced the French dominions in India to Puducherry. Nawabs of the Carnatic bestowed tax revenue collection rights on the East India Company for defeating the Kingdom of Mysore.

Muharram is celebrated by Muslims. The sej, which belonged to the peers or gurus of the nawabs, has been taken out; and a fair is been organized. Apart from these religious and national festivals, Junagadh annually celebrates its accession to India on 9 November 1947 as the independence day of the city. 1 May is Gujarat day, to celebrate the formation of Gujarat state on 1 May 1960.

In 1943, the League's activity saw a brief revival with the visit of Jinnah to the province. A crowd, estimated to number at 50,000, attended to give him a "royal" reception. Many Nawabs and tribal leaders attended his address to the Baluchistan League and he was eventually invited as a guest of the Khan of Kalat. As a result of Jinnah's visit, the Muslim Students Federation was formed.

2, pp. 103–105, Mar'ifat Publishing House, Canberra (1986).The emergence of Lucknow as an intellectual hub for Shi'ism in North India during the reign of the nawabs of Awdh played significant role in introduction of organised Shi'ism and Shia scholarship to Punjab. Clerics trained at the Asif-ud Daula seminary in Lucknow spread throughout North India to preach Usuli Shi'ism and connect people to the central religious authority at Lucknow.

Murshidabad is famous for its silk industry since the Middle Ages. There are three distinct categories in this industry, namely (i) Mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing (ii) Peeling of raw silk (iii) Weaving of silk fabrics. Prime locations for weaving (silk and cotton) are: Khargram, Raghunathganj I, Nabagram, Beldanga I, Beldanga II and Raninagar-I CD Blocks. Ivory carving is an important cottage industry from the era of the Nawabs.

The proximity of the factory to Murshidabad, the capital of the Nawabs of Bengal, while it was the main source of its wealth and of its political importance, exposed it to a constant risk of attack. Thus in 1757 it was the first EIC factory to be taken by Siraj-ud-dowlah, the Nawab; and the resident with his assistant Warren Hastings were taken as prisoners to Murshidabad.

The old Imambara which caught fire for the first time in 1842 and was partly destroyed. But it was completely destroyed by a fire on 23 December 1846. That day the Nawabs along with the Europeans threw a party to celebrate the weaning ceremony of five-year-old Hassan Ali Mirza. The Imambara caught fire at midnight due to the fireworks left off and was completely burnt down.

The population of the capital city, Dhaka, exceeded a million people. Following the decline of the Mughal Empire in the early 1700s, Bengal became a semi-independent state under the Nawabs of Bengal, ultimately led by Siraj ud-Daulah. It was later conquered by the British East India Company at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Bengal directly contributed to the Industrial Revolution in Britain but led to its deindustrialization.

In 1765 the system of Dual Government was established, in which the Nawabs ruled on behalf of the British and were mere puppets to the British. In 1772 the system was abolished and Bengal was brought under the direct control of the British. In 1793, when the Nizamat (governorship) of the Nawab was also taken away from them, they remained as the mere pensioners of the British East India Company.

Upon annexation by the British Raj, the principality remained with Nawabs, but after Nawab Ahmed Ali Khan of Farrukhnagar, took part in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, along with the Nawabs of Jhajjar, Rao Tula Ram of Rewari and Raja Nahar Singh of Ballabgarh, Bhatti chieftains of Hissar and Sirsa, and the Meo tribesmen, their jagir was confiscated in 1858 and made part of the Empire. During the rebellion their combined forces took over Rohtak completely from British forces for a while, and attacked and plundered the civil station, burning all official records. After the Rebellion failed, forces of Punjab levies moved in and Raja Nahar Singh of Bahadurgarh and Nawab Abdur Rehman Khan of Jhajjar were captured and tried, while the former was executed in Delhi, the latter escaped with a sentence of exile to Lahore. A memorial was recently raised to commemorate the martyrs of the rebellion in the city.

The Hunting Park at Baigunbari, Sadullahpur mauja, Biralia Union, Savar, was a hunting and pleasure park of the Nawabs of Dhaka. Alimullah proclaimed the forest land of Sadullapur as a wildlife sanctuary, and started the hunting park (completed by Khwaja Abdul Ghani). The hunting park featured species of indigenous and exotic deer, peacocks, wild-cocks, francoline partridges and hares. Huntable hogs and various birds lived on the banks of the forest lakes.

Raza Inter College, Hamid Inter College and Murtaza Inter College are three higher secondary schools named after three nawabs. The present Nawab of Rampur, Muhammad Murad Ali Khan Bahadur is the present titular Nawab of Rampur. The eldest son of Murtuza Ali Khan Bahadur, he succeeded his father as titular Nawab upon the latter's death in 1982. He served as a member on the Raza Library Board in Rampur from 1993 to 2002.

Although there were a few prominent schools e.g. Saint Josephs > School, although my grandfather could afford the fee (which was Rs. 20), he > still preferred to educate us at home. These schools were primarily attended > by pampered girls from the elite families of nawabs and jagirdars. From the > beginning we were taught self-sufficiency, although we employed 60 to 70 > servants, we were not allowed to ask anyone of them for water.

However, administration by governors appointed by the court of the Mughal Empire gave way to semi- independence of the area under the Nawabs of Murshidabad, who nominally respected the sovereignty of the Mughals in Delhi. The Bengal Subah province in the Mughal Empire was the wealthiest state in the subcontinent. Bengal's trade and wealth impressed the Mughals so much that it was described as the Paradise of the Nations by the Mughal Emperors.

Economic historian Indrajit Ray estimates shipbuilding output of Bengal during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries at 223,250 tons annually, compared with 23,061 tons produced in nineteen colonies in North America from 1769 to 1771. After the weakening of the Mughal Empire with the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707, Bengal was ruled independently by the Nawabs until 1757, when the region was annexed by the East India Company after the Battle of Plassey.

In 1757, the East India Company overtook Bengal Subah at the Battle of Plassey. By the mid-18th century, the Marathas had routed Mughal armies and won over several Mughal provinces from the Punjab to Bengal. Tipu Sultan's Kingdom of Mysore based in South India, which witnessed partial establishment of sharia based economic and military policies i.e. Fathul Mujahidin, replaced Bengal ruled by the Nawabs of Bengal as South Asia's foremost economic territory.

After this service, the Nawab of Murshidabad granted Das Rs. 10,000 as a reward and carried on working in the Murshidabad court. Emperor Muhammad Shah appointed Shukurullah Khan as the next Faujdar after Shuja. Although Shukurullah had good relations with the Nawabs of Dhaka, he did not get on well with the local authorities and was dismissed quickly. He was replaced by Harkrishna Das who became the 11th Nawab of Sylhet in late 1721.

The void arising from the precipitous decline of the Mughal Empire from the early decades of the 18th century allowed emerging powers to grow in the Indian subcontinent. These included the Sikh Confederacy, the Maratha Confederacy, Nizamiyat, the local nawabs of Oudh and Bengal and other smaller powers. Each was a strong regional power influenced by its religious and ethnic identity. However, the East India Company ultimately emerged as the predominant power.

The Palace has gone through many owners including the Nawabs of Awadh Saadat Ali Khan and Wajid Ali Shah, and the British and changes since its construction was started in the 1780s. It served as a palace for the rulers of Awadh and their wives. Later during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 the building became a stronghold of the Indian revolutionaries. A portion of it was destroyed by British during the war of 1857.

Under the Permanent Settlement of Bengal enactment by Charles Cornwallis in 1793, the Company government and the Bengali zamindars agreed to fix revenues to be raised from land. As a result, Dhaka Nawab Estate grew to become the largest zamindari in Eastern Bengal. It was founded by Kashmir origin merchant Khwaja Hafizullah Kashmiri and his nephew Khwaja Alimullah. A French trading centre is converted as the residence of the Dhaka Nawabs in 1830.

Intizam-ul-Mulk was the younger son of Azim Jah and the younger brother of Zahir-ud-Daula, the first and second Nawabs of Arcot. According to his father Azim Jah's wishes, Intizam-ul-Mulk succeeded Zahir-ud-Daula as Nawab in 1879. Intizam-ul-Mulk reigned from 1879 to 1889. He was entitled to a 15-gun salute and was the last prince of Arcot to be exempted from appearance in civil courts.

The town is still the residence of the nawab, who ranks as the first nobleman of the province with the style of Nawab Bbahadur of Murshidabad, instead of Nawab Nazim of Bengal. The Murshidabad palace, dating from 1837, is a magnificent building in Italian style. The city still bears memories of Nawabs with other palaces, mosques, tombs, and gardens, and retains such industries as carving in ivory, gold and silver embroidery, and silk-weaving.

Ravi Bhatt. The Life and > Times of the Nawabs of Lucknow The traditional Lucknowi kurta styles have an > overlapping panel. However, the term "Lucknowi kurta" now applies to the > straight-cut kurta embroidered using local Chikan embroidery. Another style > is the kali or kalidar kurta which is similar to a frock and has many > panels.Karampuri, Aradhana (2005), Punjabi Dress Drafting and Cutting The > kalidar kurta is made up of several geometrical pieces.

On 1 December 1947 the state issued its first regular stamp, a commemorative stamp for the 200th anniversary of the ruling family, depicting Mohammad Bahawal Khan I, and inscribed "BAHAWALPUR". A series of 14 values appeared 1 April 1948, depicting various Nawabs and buildings. A handful of additional commemoratives ended with an October 1949 issue commemorating the 75th anniversary of the Universal Postal Union. After this the state adopted Pakistani stamps for external mail.

Hendrik van Schuylenburgh, 1665 By the 18th century, Mughal Bengal emerged as a quasi-independent state, under the Nawabs of Bengal, and already observing the proto-industrialization, it made direct significant contribution to the first Industrial Revolution (substantially textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution), but led to its deindustrialization, after being conquered by the British East India Company at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. The Subah was later established as the Bengal Presidency.

During the Mughal era, Gujrat was encircled by a wall with five gates, of which only the Shah Daula gate survives. Gujrats's Alexandria bridge spans the Chenab River, and was built during the British era. With the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the Mughal Empire began to weaken significantly. The authority which did linger on remained in the hands of Mughal Nawabs who gave nominal allegiance to the Mughal emperor in Delhi.

The palace of Dilkusha Kothi, the oldest building in the colony, was built in the eighteenth century by Nawab Saadat Ali Khan (1798-1814). The palace (now a ruin) formerly served as a hunting lodge for British officers and nawabs. Dilkusha Kothi was an Indianised English baroque style building, but was damaged considerably during the First War of Indian Independence in 1857. Today the colony is completely owned by the government of Uttar Pradesh.

Dhari Malla (1554 CE. to 1565 CE.) the eldest son of Bir Malla was contemporary to the Emperor Akbar at Delhi. it is told that during his regime, Mallabhum was included under the control of the Mughal rule. He was the first Malla king to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Nawabs of Bengal and Promised to pay a tribite. Samrat Akbar for the convenience of his administration divided his kingdom into fifteen divisions or Subas.

Muhammad had arrived to the Bengal Subah (Bengal Province) of the Mughal empire accompanied by his father Haji Ahmed and his uncle Alivardi Khan. He worked under Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, the naib nazim of Orissa, as a petty officer. After Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan became Nawab of Bengal, Nawazish Muhammad Khan was made the paymaster of the Nawabs army. He was also made the superintendent of customs based in Murshidabad.

Even after the abolition of the zamindari system, zamindari family members such as Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin became the second Governor-General of Pakistan, and later the second Prime Minister of Pakistan. Nawab Bahadur Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury's grandson, Nawabzada Muhammad Ali Bogra became the third Prime Minister of Pakistan. Sahibzada Iskander Mirza, a relative of the Nawabs of Bengal and also of Muhammad Ali Bogra became the first President of the Republic of Pakistan.

175px The Kingdom of Bhurishrestha was mostly neutral during rule of the Pathan Nawabs of Gaur & Pandua. However, on account of the conversion of Kalapahad by the Karranis, Rudranarayan started making extensive war preparations in anticipation of a possible invasion. After being defeated by the Mughals, the Pathans of Bengal took refuge in Orissa. From their base in Orissa, the Pathans under the leadership of Osman Khan were planning to invade Bengal once again.

Vegetable tarkaris are a spicy vegetable curry, originating from the Indian subcontinent; notably in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. Preparation methods for tarkaris range from simple to complex. The Nawabs of Uttar Pradesh and Hyderabad Deccan contributed a great deal in the promotion and invention of new varieties of vegetable tarkaris. These curries made from vegetables are popular in large parts of the Indian subcontinent, Mauritius, Fiji, South Africa, and in the Caribbean.

The Nawab later swore allegiance to the British to save his newly found state. The Nawabs of Jaora were very loyal to the British and were responsible for destroying many Rebels during the mutiny period.Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey By R. V. Solomon, J. W. Bond, page.402 & 403 In return for the services, The state was confirmed by the British government in 1818 by the Treaty of Mandsaur.

The Chawk Mosque (also Chawk Masjid) is a mosque in the city of Murshidabad, India. It was founded in 1767 AD by Munny Begum, wife of Nawab Mir Zafar. Earlier in this place Nawab Murshid Quli Khan had built the "Chahel Sutan", which was the city's forty pillared audience hall. The mosque still recalls the stories of the ruling days of the Nawabs and still holds on its glory of the past.

The palace has been designed to look a little like a castle with small corner turrets on the corners. The palace has a semi-circular pediment with the Nawabs of Murshidabad's coat of arms on it. Now, the palace is maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India and has been transformed into a museum. The palace has a garden space in front of it which has a fountain and several marble statues.

The Sikhs forayed into Peshawar for the first time in 1818, but did not occupy the territory. The Sikhs entered the city of Peshawar for a second time, once again affirming to hold Peshawar as a tributary to the Sikh Court of Lahore. After attacking the city they burnt its fortress, the Bala Hissar. In 1836 all authority was taken from the Nawabs of Dera Ismail Khan and a Sikh Kardar appointed in their place.

The Turk Jamat claim descent from Turk soldiers who served in the army of the Nawabs of Junagadh. They claim to be the earliest Muslim settlers to the Sorath region of Kathiawar, and claim to have come from Central Asia as soldiers in the army of Alauddin Khalji. The community are still found mainly in the taluka of Verawal in Junagadh District. They are also found in the talukas of Keshod, Una, and Mandvi of Junagadh District.

Sikandar Adil Shah had suffered many wounds and ultimately died on 12 September 1686, and the Adil Shahi dynasty came to an end. Aurangzeb then appointed Syed Mian (father of the Sayyid Brothers) as the first Mughal Subedar of Bijapur. The Mughals had annexed and conquered a weakened Bijapur, but their control of the region began to weaken after the death of Bahadur Shah I in 1712. The Nawabs in the region declared their independence after a few decades.

Aaliwala is a town and union council of Dera Ghazi Khan District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.Tehsils & Unions in the District of D.G. Khan - Government of Pakistan It is located at 29°56'7N 70°40'26E and has an altitude of 113 metres (374 feet). Aali wala is belong to the Alyani leghari tribe, Alyani family have keep supremacy on this area from the 15th century. The Leghari Nawabs (Chiefs) belong to the Alyani clan of the Leghari tribe.

Vikramaditya established a sovereign kingdom with its capital at Iswaripur (currently in Jessore District). He was succeeded by his son, Pratapaditya, who gained preeminence over the Baro- Bhuyans and controlled southern Bengal. Vikramaditya was defeated by Man Singh I, a Hindu general of the Mughal emperor Akbar, in 1611. Khulna remained under the rule of autonomous nawabs (rulers) of Bengal until 1793, when the British East India Company abolished nizamat (local rule) and took control of the city.

Maharaja Amar Singh welcomed Ramgarhia and who then occupied the areas of Hansi and Hissar which eventually Ramgarhia handed over to his son, Jodh Singh Ramgarhia. Maharaja Amar Singh and Ramgarhia took control of the villages on the west and north of Delhi, now forming parts of Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh. The Sikhs disciplined and brought to justice all the Nawabs who were harassing their non-Muslim population. Jassa Singh Ramgarhia entered Delhi in 1783.

Robert Clive with the Nawabs of Bengal after the Battle of Plassey which began the British rule in India England began a large- scale and integrative approach to mercantilism during the Elizabethan Era (1558–1603). A systematic and coherent explanation of balance of trade was made public through Thomas Mun's argument England's Treasure by Forraign Trade, or the Balance of our Forraign Trade is The Rule of Our Treasure. It was written in the 1620s and published in 1664.

During this period, Richard Benyon, the Governor of Fort St. George obtained the Nawab's firman in 1743 granting the villages of Perambur, Sadiankuppam, Ernavore, Pudubakkam and Vepery. However, Muhammad Sayyid, was as unfortunate as his father. He was murdered in July 1744 at Arcot. So, with him, the first dynasty of the Nawabs of Arcot came to an end and as a result Anwaruddin Khan was confirmed in his position as Nawab by Nizam ul Mulk Asaf Jah I.

Taj Khan was the eldest son of Nawab Qaim Khan and was made the Nawab of Hisar. He ruled Hisar from 1420 - 1446 AD. After death of Taj Khan his eldest son Fateh Khan was made Nawab of Hisar but Bahlol Lodi expelled Fatehkhan from Hisar. Taj Khan's brother, Muhammad Khan was made Nawab of Hansi but he was also expelled. Both these brothers came to Shekhawati area of Rajasthan and established here two states and became Nawabs.

In Awadh, there are two distinct settlements of Pathans, those in Lucknow District, and a second settlement in Bahraich District. The Bahraich Pathan settlement arose out of the fact that the district formed part of the Nanpara taluqdari, an important Pathan state in eastern Uttar Pradesh. While the settlement in Lucknow arose out families that settled in the region because they were in service of the Nawabs of Awadh. Many of the Awadh Pathans are Ithna Ashri Shia.

The mosque is now administered by Prince of Arcot Endowments Trust. The plaque indicates that the mosque was renovated during the regime of Azam Jah, who modified its minarets and added golden finials to the spires. The Nawabs of Arcot were friendly towards fellow Hindus, appointing a Hindu as chief personal secretary. A significant number of the administrative staff of the mosque are Hindus, which is seen as a symbol of a harmonious mix of cultures.

Rohilkhand was handed over to the Nawab Vazir of Awadh. From 1774 to 1800, the province was ruled by the Nawabs of Awadh. Faiz-ullah, the son of Ali Muhammad, escaped to the north-west and became the leader of Rohillas. After many negotiations he effected a treaty with Shuja-ud-daula in 1774, by which he accepted nine parganas worth 1.5 million a year, giving up all the remainder of Rohilkhand to the Wazir of Rampur State.

The Nawabs of Oudh were descended from a Sayyid line from Nishapur in Persia. They were Shia Muslims, and promoted Shia as the state religion. Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah instituted the Oudh Bequest, a system of fixed payments by the British paid to the Shia holy cities of Najaf and Karbala. These payments, along with lifelong stipends to the wives and mother of Ghazi-ud-Din served as interest on the Third Oudh Loan taken in 1825.

The coin features a stylised fish on the reverse, the dynastic symbol of the Nawabs of Awadh, seen also on the Awadh flag. At this time, the fiction that Awadh was subject to the Mughal emperor was maintained. Silver rupee of Wajid Ali Shah, struck at Lucknow in AH 1267 (1850–51 CE) and showing the Awadh coat of arms. Starting in 1819, coins no longer mentioned the Mughal emperor, but were struck in the nawab's own name.

She ruled until 1868, when Shah Jehan succeeded her and was Begum until 1901. In 1901, Shah Jehan's daughter Kaikhusrau Jahan became Begum, ruled until 1926, and was the last of the female line of succession. In 1926, she abdicated in favour of her son, Hamidullah Khan, who ruled until 1947, and was the last of the sovereign Nawabs. The rule of Begums gave the city its waterworks, railways, a postal system, and a municipality constituted in 1907.

The Nawabs of Bhopal built several structures including the Taj-ul-Masajid and Taj Mahal palace in Indo-Islamic and European styles. Bharat Bhavan is the main cultural centre of the city, and hosts many theatre and film festivals every year. It has an art gallery, an open-air amphitheatre facing the Upper Lake, two other theatres and a tribal museum. The Bharat Bhavan as well as the MP Legislative Assembly were designed by Charles Correa.

In 1952, the Dhaka Nawab State was acquired under the East Bengal Estate Acquisition Act; it became impossible for the successors of the Nawabs to maintain the palace due to financial constraints. Nawab Khwaja Habibullah started living at Paribag Green House soon after the acquisition of the zamindari. The palace was soon on the verge of collapse as successors rented out rooms without considering its dignity. Over the years illegal occupants turned the place into a filthy slum.

European settlements in India from 1501 to 1739. The British East India Company had a strong presence in India with the three main stations of Fort St. George in Madras, Fort William in Calcutta and Bombay Castle in western India. These stations were independent presidencies governed by a president and a council, appointed by the Court of Directors in England. The British adopted a policy of allying themselves with various princes and Nawabs, promising security against usurpers and rebels.

Diwan Lakhi Mal appointed the city's Kardar ruler, though the Nawabs of the city from the Durrani order were allowed to maintain their title and some income. The city suffered under punitive taxes that lead to frequent complaints in the Sikh Darbar at Lahore, resulting in several changes of Kardar. The city was annexed by the British in 1849 following their conquest of Punjab that resulted in the defeat of the Sikhs as the Battle of Gujrat.

Dr. Baloch disbanded and reconstituted his organization in 2014 with a newfound emphasis on human rights advocacy. Dr. Baloch disbanded the BSO-NA, claiming that the war of independence for Balochistan was actually a "war of independence of Khans, Nawabs and Sardars". He reconstituted the group as the Baloch Council of North America (BCN), dedicated to working with all democratic and nationalist forces in Pakistan to secure Baloch rights through democratic, nonviolent means, within the federation of Pakistan.

The gates no longer exist but the mosques are still there and are known by their original names. Aminuddaulah also initiated the construction of a big park in the open space within the rows of the newly opened shops during this time. After the revolt of 1857 the rule of the Nawabs came to an end and the Aminabad came under British rule. After the mutiny of 1857, the entire area came under the rule of the British.

The kings of Limbuwan decided to bring the capital city of Morang back to Bijaypur from Chanjitpur. They placed Queen Padmidhata Indurajrajeswari on the throne of Bijaypur. The same Khebang dynasty kings of Phedap served as prime minister of Morang and other Limbus served as ministers and chautariayas. In 1721, about fifteen years after the War of Revenge with the Nawabs of Purnia, Limbuwan established friendly and trading relations with the kingdom of Purnea in the south.

According to Mirza Ghalib, even women were not spared because the rebel soldiers disguised themselves as women. The Pakistan movement, to constitute a separate state comprising the Muslim-majority provinces, was pioneered by the Muslim elite and many notables of the Aligarh Movement. It was initiated in the 19th century when Sir Syed Ahmed Khan expounded the cause of Muslim autonomy in Aligarh. Many Muslim nobles such as nawabs (aristocrats and landed gentry) supported the idea.

During the British Raj, the Murshidabad leadership of the Nawabs became weak and the British gave charge of revenue collections to a few noble Rajput Marwari's. These nobles were given the title of 'Zamindar' (Land owners). The Kothari family reigned over Sagardighi from the time of Mir Qasim until the abolishment of the Zamindari system after the independence of India. The last ruling Zamindar of Sagardighi and the surrounding areas of Ratanpur was Bimal Singh Kothari.

Shaheen is a young Muslim girl who lives in Mumbai and dreams of doing something in life. Her father's only dream is to get her married into a rich royal family of Nawabs. Shaheen's dreams are shattered when she gets to know that her father has fixed her marriage with a Lucknow-based widower Nawab Junaid. There is a significant age difference between Shaheen and Junaid but she surrenders to her father's wishes and marries Junaid.

Bagh Lingampally is a commercial and residential neighbourhood of Hyderabad, Telangana, India.Road at Baghlingampally turns accident-prone It has become one of the many major centers of Hyderabad. It has been a home to some Nawabs in the past and this area used to be full of fruit gardens belonging to them, from where prefix ‘Bagh' (meaning gardern) is derived. The place had a small village called Lingampally which had a tank where queens would bathe.

Under Barech at the 1761 Third Battle of Panipat, Rohilkhand blocked the expansion of the Maratha Empire into northern India. In 1772 it was invaded by the Marathas, repulsing the invasion with the aid of the Nawab of Awadh. After the war, Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula demanded payment for the nawabs' help from Barech. When his demand was refused, the nawab joined the British (under Governor Warren Hastings and his Commander-in-Chief, Alexander Champion) to invade Rohilkhand.

Ustad Faiyaz Khan's family origin traces back to Gwalior. His grandfather Ustad Shake Abdulla Khan was a Sarangi artiste in the courts of Mysore Maharaja and Nawabs of Hyderabad and he used to accompany Abdul Karim Khan and even Bhimsen Joshi used to tell Faiyaz Khan about his grandfather. His father Ustad Abdul Quadar Khan was All India Radio staff artist who was also a Sarangi performer. Also, his mother was a Sarangi player and was a vocalist.

From August 1769 to March 1772 Lindsay was promoted to commodore and assigned as commander-in-chief of the East Indies Station, flying his broad pennant flown from the frigate Stag. While in India, he was awarded the Order of the Bath (28 June 1770), though he was still a relatively junior sea officer. He was ordered to investigate dealings between the British East India Company and the Indian nawabs. This made him unpopular with the Company and he was soon recalled.

The Sixty Dome Mosque in Bagerhat has been described as "the most impressive Muslim monument in the whole of the Indian subcontinent."Shatgumbad Mosque, Banglapedia, accessed 12 January 2013 The Lalbagh Fort is considered as one of the greatest examples of Mughal architecture. The influence of European architecture is also noticeable in several colonial monuments and churches in the country. The most significant one is Ahsan Manzil, the former residence of the Nawabs of Dhaka, later turned into a museum.

Loharu State, State Court Fee Stamp, 8 Annas, issued under Nawab Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan (r. 1926-1947) In 1920, he abdicated to his second son, Aizzuddin Ahmad Khan, though he died early in 1926, leaving the state to his son, Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan (1911–1983) - the last Nawab.Genealogy of the Nawabs of Loharu Queensland University. However, since the new Nawab was still young, Amirud-din Ahmad Khan stepped in and took care of the state till 1931.

Nawab of Rampur Yusef Ali Khan and his family on elephants escorted by Rampurian and British troops to the encampment of Lord Canning The Nawabs of Rampur sided with the British during Indian Rebellion of 1857, and this enabled them to continue to play a role in the social, political and cultural life of Northern India in general and the Muslims of the United Provinces in particular. They gave refuge to some of the literary figures from the Court of Bahadur Shah Zafar.

This was especially the case in palace architecture. Following the collapse of the Mughal Empire, regional nawabs such as in Lucknow, Hyderabad and Mysore continued to commission and patronize the construction of Mughal-style architecture in the princely states. Indo-Islamic architecture has left a large impact on modern Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi architecture, as in the case of its influence on the Indo-Saracenic Revivalism of the late British Raj. Both secular and religious buildings are influenced by Indo-Islamic architecture.

Like the other villages it too has its governing head, a Pradhan, who is elected every five years.Lucknow being the city of Nawab produced many Nawabs and one of them was Nawab Alex who is renowned for his loving nature and popularity among people and mainly girls.As of today he is known to have 23 affairs however his charm among Girls was way more than the number. However after finding Alexa the love of his life Nawab Alex didn't had any further affairs.

Polyura athamas, the common nawab, is a species of fast-flying canopy butterfly found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). It occurs in the Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim, the hills of central India and the Eastern Ghats, the Western Ghats and southern India, Sri Lanka, Assam, Cachar, and via Myanmar, Cambodia and the Tenasserim Hills far into Indonesia. In August 2016 a specimen was spotted and caught in Palawan, Philippines.

The Bais and Bara panchayets, as well as the Nawabs of Dhaka, used to converse in this language. Their Urdu language also influenced the language of the Bengali Muslims in Old Dhaka which came to be known as the Dhakaiya Kutti language. Shortly after the Bengali Language Movement of 1952, Urdu culture decreased significantly with many Urdu-speaking families switching to speaking Bengali to avoid controversy. During the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, a number of Urdu- speaking families subsequently migrated to Pakistan.

Moosa Raza is the chairman of the South Indian Educational Trust (S.I.E.T.), which runs six educational institutions;The Hindu Feb 08, 2010 – Metro Plus – A little-known award winner he is also chairman of the executive committee of Coastal Energen Pvt. Ltd. chennaivision – Moosa Raza to receive Padma Bhushan Award Raza has written a widely read book, Of Nawabs and Nightingales. The Milli Gazette – Interview – ‘We want to arouse the consciousness’ Moosa Raza has been awarded the Padma Bhushan for the year 2010.

During the Mughal and British empires, Mohan flourished as a town known for its literate people. During the days of the Nawabs of Awadh, many residents found employment in the court of the Nawab and earned large fortunes. The town was well known for its Unani Hakims, mimics and actors. Locals affectionately used to call it as Mohan Khitta-e Unan meaning Mohan as a part of Greece, due to a number of well known Hakims (doctors of Unani medicine).

In 1825, Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan III built a mosque in front of it on the true model of Jamia Masjid Dheli. Marble of very fine quality was used in the mosque of Derawar. It is a unique monument which was constructed with a material which was brought there from the remote areas to that area of poor communication. The family graveyard of the Nawabs Half km from the mosque is also worth seeing because of its style and architecture.

Two similar grants were made also to the priest at Arcot. In those days the Nawabs were dealing with the donation of lands to priests because the Zamindars were not willing to do this. In 1774, when Punganur (Andhra Pradesh) was occupied by Hyder Ali, a group of Telugu Catholics were brought by Fr. Henri Arnoult to Christianpet (North Arcot). Two families of Rajas from Rajampet in Cuddappah were baptised and then, taken into the service of the Nawab of Vellore.

Qasidas were introduced to Dhaka, and later the rest of Bengal, during the Mughal era by Persians. Subahdar of Bengal, Islam Khan Chisti's naval fleet is said to have sung them after arriving in Jessore in 1604. In 1949, Hakim Habibur Rahman spoke of the recent revival of qasidas since that period in his book, Dhaka Panchas Baras Pahle (Dhaka, fifty years ago). The qasidas were promoted by nawabs and sardars across the region, and especially popular during the Islamic month of Ramadan.

From the last part of the 19th century to the initial years of Pakistan, the Muslim leadership of East Bengal emerged from this palace. The nawabs of Dhaka used to conduct their court affairs here as chief of the panchayet (village council) everyday. Many anti-Congress meetings were held here under the patronization of Nawab Ahsanullah, a staunch believer in Muslim identity. Almost all the Viceroys, Governors and Lieutenant Governors of British India who visited Dhaka spent some time at the Ahsan Manzil.

Kasi's were one of the strongest tribe in Kalat's rule and Arbab's were the Nawabs of the tribe and remained Nawab of Qilla Kasi, Shal/Quetta. Kasi's are still known as one of the most powerful and educated tribe in the whole Baluchistan. Still so many roads in Quetta are on the name of Elder Kasi's including but not limited to KhudaiDad Road, Jan Muhammad Road, Arbab Karam Khan Road, Killi Alam Khan, Kasi Road, Kasi Qilla, and so on.

The fort is named after Konda Reddy, the last ruler of Alampur who was imprisoned in the fort by the Kurnool Nawab in the 17th century. Locals and legend state that Konda Reddy was under attack, and used the tunnels that the fort housed to escape. Konda Reddy eventually escaped from the fort, but had to loose his territory to Golconda Nawabs. The tunnels are now locked and closed off from the public, but the fort is open to touring.

Several Karlani clans served in the Mughal army. The Bhopal State, in the present-day Madhya Pradesh state of Central India, was founded in 1723 by Dost Mohammad Khan Mirazikhel. He was from the Orakzai clan of the Karlani tribe, and was a mercenary in the Mughal army. After his death in 1728, his descendants, the Nawabs of Bhopal, continued ruling the state until Hamidullah Khan, the last sovereign nawab of the dynasty, officially acceded the state to India in 1949.

The Hyderabad Public School, Begumpet (HPS, Begumpet) is a privately funded public school in Hyderabad, Telangana State, India. It was established in 1923 as Jagirdars College by the Seventh Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan, and served as a school exclusively for the sons of nawabs, jagirdars and other aristocrats and elites. Its chief architect was Nawab Khan Bahadur Mirza Akbar Baig. It was renamed as the Hyderabad Public School in 1951 after the Zamindari system was abolished in 1950.

The fall of the Madurai Nayaks brought up many small Nayakars of southern Tamil Nadu, who ruled small parcels of land called Palayams. The chieftains of these Palayams were known as Palaiyakkarar (or 'polygar' as called by British) and were ruling under the nawabs of the Carnatic. Fort Dansborg at Tharangambadi built by the Danish Europeans started to establish trade centres during the 17th century in the eastern coastal regions. Around 1609, the Dutch established a settlement in Pulicat,Bethencourt p.

Junagadh's many ruling dynasties—such as Babi Nawabs, Vilabhis, Kshatraps, Mauryas, Chudasamas, Gujarat Sultans—and its religious groups have influenced the architectural syles of Junagadh. Buddhist cave in Uperkot Fort The Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups, with their intricately carved gateways, Chaitya halls, sculptured pillars, and sanctums are classic examples of rock-cut architecture. The Chudama Rajputs left specimens of their architectural style in Nabghan Kuvo and Adi Kadi Vav. Religious monuments such as the Jami Masjid remind us of Muslim architectural patterns.

Traces of wall paintings are found on Shekhawati structures erected by Muslim nawabs, Rajputs and Banias dating back to the 17th century. A local style was influenced by 16th/17th century Mughal work in Agra and Fatehpur Sikri via painted monuments in Amer. The earliest dated Shekhawati work includes the ‘Jaipur fresco’ work, which was employed before Jaipur’s foundation by craftsmen employed by Mughal rulers and in Amer. This involves thick layers of pigment being applied and worked onto a wet plaster surface.

Bahawalpur was formerly the capital of the state and now is the District and Divisional Headquarters of Bahawalpur Division. The Nawabs of Bahawalpur originally came from Sindh and claimed descent from the Abbasid caliph of Baghdad; they formed a princely state and assumed independence in 1802. The predominantly Muslim population supported Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the minority Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India while the Muslim refugees from India settled in the Bahawalpur District.

Administration by governors appointed by the court of the Mughal Empire gave way to semi-independence under the Nawabs of Murshidabad, who nominally respected the sovereignty of the Mughals in Delhi. Several independent Hindu states were established in Bengal during the Mughal period, including those of Pratapaditya of Jessore District and Raja Sitaram Ray of Bardhaman. The Koch dynasty in northern Bengal flourished during the 16th and 17thcenturies; it weathered the Mughals and survived until the advent of the British colonial era.

The Masjid was founded by Munny Begum, the wife of Nawab Mir Zafar in 1767 AD under the supervision of Shaikh Khalilallah . Earlier on this venue Nawab Murshid Quli Khan built the "Chahel Sutan", which was the city's forty pillared audience hall. The mosque still recalls the stories of the ruling days of the Nawabs and still holds on its glory of the past. The mosque is located in the Nizamat Fort Area near the Hazarduari Palace and its other nearby buildings.

Almost half of Pakistan's Gross Domestic Product and the bulk of its export earnings are derived from the agricultural sector, which is controlled by a few thousand feudal families. With this concentration of economic power, they also have considerable political power. The leadership of the Pakistan Muslim League, the political party that established Pakistan in 1947, was dominated primarily by feudal landowners such as the Taluqdars, Zamindars, Rajas, Rais, Mahers, Chaudries, Khans, Jagirdars, Nawabs, Nawabzadas and Sardars. The sole exception was the Jinnahs.

A few of them, however, are also said to have escaped slavery. While most of them were victims of slave trade, some of them also were imported by the Nawabs in the 15th-16th centuries as military mercenaries. Others were sailors on the trade routes to the east. In 2013, the New York Public Library held an artistic exhibition entitled Africans In India: From Slaves to Generals and Rulers, which retraced the lives and accomplishments of prominent Siddis from the past.

Akhund lIyas Painda Khel of the Malizai tribe (1640) enjoyed popular support among locals and was recognized as a spiritual leader. His descendants built upon this support and ultimately increased their power over the people and laid the foundation of a distinct political state, then called the state of Nawabs. The British annexed Dir in 1897 and demarcated its boundaries. After independence of Pakistan, it still enjoyed the status of a separate state, but was amalgamated with Pakistan in 1960 as a tribal agency.

Nawab's Dilkusha Garden, Dhaka (1904) by Fritz Kapp. The Nawabs of Dhaka were Persian and Urdu-speaking aristocrats tracing their ancestry to Kashmiri merchants who arrived in Mughal Bengal during the reign of emperor Muhammad Shah to pursue trade, but eventually settled in the districts of Dhaka, Sylhet and Bakerganj. They engaged in the purchase and sale of various local commodities. Maulvi Khawaja Abdullah Kashmiri, who moved from Delhi amidst the late Mughal era, is recorded as the first patriarch of the family in Bengal.

In a letter to Sunni nawabs, Shah Waliullah said: > "Strict orders should be issued in all Islamic towns forbidding religious > ceremonies publicly practised by Hindus such as the performance of Holi and > ritual bathing in the Ganges. On the tenth of Muharram, the Shias should not > be allowed to go beyond the bounds of moderation, neither should they be > rude nor repeat stupid things in the streets or bazars".S. A. A. Rizvi, Shah > Waliullah and His Times, p. 227, Ma’rifat Publishing House, Canberra, > (1980).

Their ancestor was Faqir Mohammad Khan, who sought service under the Nawabs of Awadh. He brought with him members of his tribe, and they now form an important element in Malihabad's Muslim population. The Hotakis of Khalispur claim descent from Yousaf Khan Qandhahari, who settled during the rule of Shuja-ud-Daula., who was the grandson of Yahiya khan which was the real brother of king of Afghnistan Mir Wais Hotak and Yusuf Khan was the real son-in-law of Mir Wais Hotak.

As these festivals were also occasions for seasonal markets, so the Gosains were able to move and trade goods between areas. The Nawabs of Awadh, who ruled Oudh State in the 18th and 19th centuries and were Muslim successors to the Mughal empire, recruited from Gosain martial brotherhoods as a way to assimilate influential Hindu elements of society and buttress their own sources of power. This attempt at creating a plural society was in sharp contrast to the zealotry that had characterised their predecessors.

The city's contemporary culture is the result of the amalgamation of the Hindu and Muslim rulers who ruled the city simultaneously. The credit for this goes to the secular and syncretic traditions of the Nawabs of Awadh, who took a keen interest in every walk of life and encouraged these traditions to attain a rare degree of sophistication. Modern day Lucknowites are known for their polite and polished way of speaking which is noticed by visitors. The residents of Lucknow call themselves Lucknowites or Lakhnavi.

Moosa Raza has authored a book titled “of Nawabs and Nightingales” which is a collection of his early experiences in the Indian Administrative Service. His book was very favourably reviewed by the noted author, Khushwant Singh in newspapers and magazines. He also wrote another book titled In Search of Oneness in 2012, which is a Non Fiction book and has received wide acclaim from its readers. The book talks about the similarity between three great world religions – Hinduism, Islam and Christianity in a very readable way.

His first target was the Sikh-ruled kingdom of Ranjit Singh, which was expanding further into Afghanistan. Barelvi intended to establish an Islamic bastion on the north-west frontier in the Peshawar valley from whence to attack the British colonialists after defeating Sikh forces. When the action began, some Muslim nawabs, like his former employer Amir Khan, provided funds but did not join him for jihad. Around 8,000 holy-warriors who accompanied him were mostly clergymen or poor people who joined the militia were looking for employment.

The Mughal decline provided opportunities for the Maratha Empire, Sikh Empire, Mysore Kingdom, Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad and Nizams of Hyderabad to exercise control over large regions of the Indian subcontinent. After the invasions made by Nader Shah and the East India Company, the Mughal Empire was broken into smaller powers like Shia Nawab of Bengal, the Nawab of Awadh, the Nizam of Hyderabad, and the Kingdom of Mysore, the major Asian economic and military power during British colonialism, ruled by Tipu Sultan.

It was founded in 1730, at the time of the dismemberment of the Mughal Empire. The Nawabs of Cambay were descendants of Mumin Khan, the last of the Mughal governors of Gujarat, who in 1742 defeated his brother-in-law Nizam Khan, governor of Khambhat, and established himself there.Princely States of India The sport of cricket in India was first played in Cambay State in 1721. In 1780 Cambay was taken by the army of general Goddard Richards, but it was restored to the Marathas in 1783.

Several giant firms had beginnings on Mount Road, from the Amalgamations group to the TVS group. The road's proximity to the Government House, the home of the Governor, and the palaces of the Nawabs of Arcot resulted in several firms selling cars and other luxury goods setting up shops on the road. Simpson & Co, which moved to its current location opposite Government Estate after 1875, began building carriages and coaches and then cars. In the early 1900s, the road became the entertainment hub for the British.

The Mughals controlled the Punjabi region from 1524 until around 1739. Padshah (emperor) Akbar established at Multan one of his original twelve subahs (imperial top-level provinces) roughly covering Punjab, bordering Kabul, Lahore, (Old) Delhi, Ajmer, Thatta (Sindh) subahs, the Persian Safavid empire and shortly Qandahar subah. Under the Mughal Empire, Multan enjoyed over 200 years of peace, and became known as Dar al-Aman (Abode of Peace). The Khakwani Nawabs of Multan gave it a lot of financial stability and growth to the local farming sector.

It was at this time that Multan was ruled by Nawab Ali Mohammad Khan Khakwani. As governor of Multan, he built the famous Mosque Ali Mohammad Khan in 1757 which remains to this day. Many buildings were constructed in this time, and agricultural production grew rapidly. The Khakwani Nawabs of Multan at this time were paying homage to the Afghan king but due to lack of power in Delhi and Kabul they had free rein and were the de facto absolute rulers of Multan.

Vellore Fort is a large 16th-century fort situated in heart of the Vellore city, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India built by Vijayanagara Kings. The Fort was at one point of time the headquarters of the Aravidu Dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire. The fort is known for its grand ramparts, wide moat and robust masonry. The Fort's ownership passed from Vijayanagara Kings, to the Bijapur Sultans, to Marathas, to the Carnatic Nawabs and finally to the British, who held the fort until India gained independence.

Maddison, Angus (2003): Development Centre Studies The World Economy Historical Statistics: Historical Statistics, OECD Publishing, , pages 259–261 Two Bengal viceroysMuhammad Azam Shah and Azim-us-Shanassumed the imperial throne. Mughal Bengal became increasingly independent under the Nawabs of Bengal in the 18th century. The endogamous Bengali Muslim population emerged as a synthesis of Islamic and Bengali cultures. After the Partition of India in 1947, they comprised the demographic majority of Pakistan until the independence of East Pakistan (historic East Bengal) as Bangladesh in 1971.

The Nawabs of Dhaka established Ahsanullah School of Engineering which later became the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology. In the second half of the 20th century, the Bengali Muslim American Fazlur Rahman Khan became one of the most important structural engineers in the world, helping design the world's tallest buildings. Another Bengali Muslim American, Jawed Karim, was the co- founder of YouTube. In 2016, the modernist Bait-ur-Rouf Mosque, inspired by the Bengal Sultanate-style of buildings, won the Aga Khan Award for Architecture.

Most of people are Hindu. Shree Ram temple, Shivji temple, Hanuman temple, Chamunda Mataji temple and Balkrishna Haveli are in Devda. There are two or three Muslim families in the town. Nawabs Bungalow (Mahal) Before Independence, Devda was ruled by Nawab of Gunagadh Devda was last village of his state and there are three other states border are touching 1) Sakhpur (Jamsaheb Jamnagar state) 2) Rana Khirasara (Rana Saheb Porbandar state) One of the family member is government teacher work in all over Saurastra region.

This migration took place circa 1760. However, not all were involved in the rice trade. The presence of the Mughals in Dhaka meant that there was generally a lot more employment opportunities there and so they took other occupations such as , footsoldiers, guards, chefs and chauffeurs for the Dhakaiya Urdu-speaking Nawabs of Dhaka and other aristocratic families. These groups of people lived together and engaged in conversations and addas with their Hindustani counterparts and their main occupation led them to be known as .

Kadu Makrani migrated with his tribe from his birthplace to Vadal(near Junagadh), Gujarat during the mid-nineteenth century. Makrani and his tribe fought for territories and resources, receiving tribute from the Nawabs of Kathiawar in return. The ascension of Makrani's tribe troubled Imperialists, who sought to disarm and disable his tribe; a false reason was given when Makrani and his tribe rejected Government social workers entering their homes on the pretense of registration and census. Given the option of armistice or dissension, the tribe rebelled.

The royal bladesmiths of local Nawabs of Rampur started making knives after the popularization of firearms after the 18th century. The Rampuri is still in use today as a crime weapon, by the local Indian Mafia although locally made guns and sophisticated automatic pistols have largely taken their place. However, in mid 1990s, the Government of Uttar Pradesh banned making such knives longer than of blade length, which led to the drop in popularity of the knife, which even made its way to crime thrillers of Bollywood in the 1960s and 1970s.

The symbolism of this festival is to show the awakening of the Gods from their deep sleep. Through India's history, it is said that India created the tradition of kite flying due to the kings and Royalties later followed by Nawabs who found the sport entertaining and as a way to display their skills and power. It began as being a sport for kings, but over time, as the sport became popular, it began to reach the masses. Kite flying has been a regional event in Gujarat for several years.

The history of the present structure of policing in Kolkata goes back to East India company times, when the city was known as "Calcutta", and was an early settlement of the English East India Company. Calcutta was founded on the eastern banks of the Hooghly by an Englishman, Job Charnock in 1690. Policing in Calcutta's earliest days was confined to the Mughal administration and their local representatives. Bengal was still technically a part of the Mughal Empire, but the Nawabs of Bengal, based in Murshidabad in Northern South Bengal, were its effective rulers.

He became so powerful that he refused to send tax revenues to the central government. Safdar Jang, the Nawab of Oudh,Nawab was the title of notables during the Mughal era in India, who helped the central authority govern different statelets within the South Asia. During the British period, new nawabs were created because of the allocation of arable land to the pro- British elite warned the Mughal emperor Muhammad ShahMohammad Shah (1702–1748) was a Mughal emperor of Mughal empire between 1719 and 1748 of the growing power of the Rohillas.

The Nawab of Dhaka was the title of the head of largest Muslim zamindar in British Bengal and Assam, based in Dhaka. The title of nawab, similar to the British peerage, was conferred upon the head of the family by the British Raj as a recognition of their loyalty and contribution to the social welfare activities. Although the Nawabs of Dhaka were not sovereigns, they played an essential role in the politics of South Asia—and the relations with external entities. The family was proprietary of the Dhaka Nawab estate, seated at Ahsan Manzil palace.

Stone carving of the ceiling with intricate details Vellore Fort is a large 16th-century fort situated in heart of the Vellore city, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India built by Vijayanagara kings. The fort was at one time the headquarters of the Aravidu Dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire. The fort is known for its grand ramparts, wide moat and robust masonry. The fort's ownership passed from Vijayanagara kings, to the Bijapur sultans, to the Marathas, to the Carnatic Nawabs and finally to the British, who held the fort until India gained independence.

Uday Shankar Chowdhury was born in Udaipur, Rajasthan, to a Bengali family with origins in Narail (present Bangladesh), as the eldest son of his parents. His father Shyam Shankar Chowdhury, a noted barrister, was employed with the Maharaja of Jhalawar in Rajasthan at the time of his eldest son's birth, while his mother Hemangini Devi was descended from a zamindari family. His father was conferred the title, 'Harchowdhury' by the Nawabs, but he preferred to use the surname 'Chowdhury' minus 'Har.' His younger brothers were Rajendra Shankar, Debendra Shankar, Bhupendra Shankar and Ravi Shankar.

The Nationalist Movements in India were early popular movements seeking independence of India from Great Britain. Although actions such as the Salt March in 1930 raised pressure on the colonialist administration and won concessions, these remained limited in scope and fell short of the complete independence sought. Because the concept of India itself was British, opponents of colonial rule faced difficulties to co-operation at the national scale. Instead, regional movements such as the Nizamiyat, the local nawabs of Oudh and Bengal and other smaller powers independently confronted the East India Company.

It returned a high profit to those who risked original money for earlier ventures into Bengal. During the first century of the East India Company's expansion in India, most people in India lived under regional kings or Nawabs. By the late 18th century many Moghuls were weak in comparison to the rapidly expanding Company as it took over cities and land, and built roads, bridges and railways. Work began in 1849 on the first railway, the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, running for 21 miles (33.8 km) between Bombay (Mumbai) and Tannah (Thane).Rao, M.A. (1988).

In the end, both Nawabs—of Arcot and Sira—settled upon a joint invasion led by the former. Krishnaraja Wodeyar I, for his part, was able to "buy off this formidable confederacy" by offering a tribute of Rs. 10 million. This outcome, however, made Mysore vulnerable to similar future claims, which, for example, were made successfully two years later by Maratha raiders who appeared in the Mysore capital. The resulting depletion of the Mysore treasury led Mysore to itself attack and absorb the poligar chiefdom of Magadi to its north.

Kani shawl adomed the caesar's court and was looked upon by Mughals and later by Nawabs as mark of nobility. In 1776 Napoleon presented a Kani shawl to his wife Josephine and with that took off a new fashion trend in Europe The revered shrine of Sheikh Noor-ud-din Wali can also be found in the Charari Sharief Tehsil of Budgam district. Asia's oldest/largest Chinar resides at Chattergam Budgam. The Budgam railway station is located in Ompora town nearly 2.5 km from district headquarters and 9 km from city centre Lalchowk.

Shrine of Mian Mir. Mian Mir was a friend of God-loving people and he would shun worldly, selfish men, greedy Emirs and ambitious Nawabs who ran after faqirs to get their blessings. To stop such people from coming to see him, Mian Mir posted his mureeds (disciples) at the gate of his house.A Sufi, a Sikh and their message of love - A journey from Lahore to Amritsar, Dawn newspaper, Updated 20 May 2017, Retrieved 20 June 2017 Once, Jahangir, the Mughal emperor, with all his retinue came to pay homage to the great faqir.

Alamparai is mentioned in several places in the diaries of Ananda Ranga Pillai, Dubash to Dupleix in French India. It was the primary port of trade for the Arcot nawabs. They had a mint there, and later, at the request of Dumas, the governor of Madras Presidency, The People who worked in the Mints of Alambarai (it is mentioned as 'Alampuravi') moved to Pondicherry and established a mint with the approval of the Nawab of Arcot. It was a regular port of call on the Coromandel Coast, having a dockyard.

The Nawabs of Babi dynasty ruled the erstwhile Junagadh State. The construction of the Mahabat Maqbara was started in 1878 by Nawab Mahabat Khan II (1851–82) and ended in 1892 during the reign of Nawab Bahadur Khan III (1882–92). It houses grave of Mahabat Khan II. It is a State Protected Monument under Gujarat Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1965. Bahauddin Maqbara The adjacent mausoleum in north was constructed by Mahabat Khan II's Vizier (minister) Sheikh Bahauddin Hussain Bhar with his own funds during 1891–1896.

During the Mughal period Bhadrak District survived as a Subha under the Nawabs of Bengal. When the majestic Mughals diminished from the political scenario of Bhadrak District. In course of time Bhadrak District has passed on to different hands and colonized by different dynasties till the British occupied the entire region of Odisha. Since independence, the history of Bhadrak has been the history of multifarious progress in Education, Industry, Agriculture, Trade and commerce and with the birth of a new star it is leaping towards the twenty-first century with hope and promise.

These coutesans or tawaifs had some power and prestige due to their access to the elite class and some of them came to be known as authorities on culture. Some noble families would send their sons to them to learn etiquette (tehzeeb) and the art of conversation from them. They were sometimes called Nautch girls which included dancers, singers and playmates of their patron nawabs. In Lahore, Mughal empire's Heera Mandi neighbourhood, the profession was a cross between art and exotic dance, with the performers often serving as courtesans amongst Mughal royalty or wealthy patrons.

Muhammad Khan Bangash (1713-1743), the first Nawab of Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Muhammad Khan Bangash, who belonged to the Bangash tribe, became the first Nawab of Farrukhabad in 1713 in Uttar Pradesh, India. He named the city after then Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar. The Bangash Nawabs encouraged merchants and bankers to come and settle in Farrukhabad for the promotion of commercial activities. Very important in this respect was the establishment of the Farrukhabad mint, which apart from being an emblem of sovereignty, stimulated bullion imports and attracted numerous bankers to work in the city.

The museum began in 1863 with a collection of artifacts that were housed in the building of the Choti Chattar Manzil in Qaisar Bagh by the then commissioner of Lucknow, Colonel Abbott. This repository functioned as a municipal institution in its early days until 1883, when it was given the status of a ‘Provincial Museum’. The museum was shifted to a larger space in the erstwhile coronation hall of the Nawabs of Awadh, Lal Baradari in June, 1884. Building of the Choti Chattar Manzil, initial location of the Lucknow Provincial Museum.

The family were members of the Kulin Kayastha caste and were devout Vaishnavs. Rajendralal's 4th great-grandfather Ramchandra was a Dewan of the Nawabs of Murshidabad and Rajendralal's great-grandfather Pitambar Mitra held important positions at the Royal Court of Ajodhya and Delhi. Janmajeya was a noted oriental scholar, who was revered in the Brahmo circles and was probably the first Bengali to learn chemistry; he had also prepared a detailed list of the content of eighteen puranas. Raja Digambar Mitra of Jhamapukur was a relative of the family, as well.

W. Daniell, 1801 The treaty of 1801 formed an arrangement that was very beneficial to the Company. They were able to use Awadh's vast treasuries, repeatedly digging into them for loans at reduced rates. In addition, the revenues from running Awadh's armed forces brought them useful revenues while it acted as a buffer state. The Nawabs were ceremonial kings, busy with pomp and show but with little influence over matters of state. By the mid-19th century, however, the British had grown impatient with the arrangement and wanted direct control.

Lucknow (, ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, and is also the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and division. It is the fourteenth-most populous city and the twelfth-most populous urban agglomeration of India. Lucknow has always been a multicultural city that flourished as a North Indian cultural and artistic hub, and the seat of power of Nawabs in the 18th and 19th centuries. It continues to be an important centre of governance, administration, education, commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, culture, tourism, music and poetry.

Lucknow towards Cawnpore circa 1860 From 1350 onwards, Lucknow and parts of the Awadh region were ruled by the Delhi Sultanate, Sharqi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, Nawabs of Awadh, the British East India Company and the British Raj. For about eighty-four years (from 1394 to 1478), Awadh was part of the Sharqi Sultanate of Jaunpur. Emperor Humayun made it a part of the Mughal Empire around 1555. Emperor Jahangir (1569–1627) granted an estate in Awadh to a favoured nobleman, Sheikh Abdul Rahim, who later built Machchi Bhawan on this estate.

The Nawabs graced Faizabad with several notable buildings, including the Gulab Bari, Moti Mahal and the tomb of Bahu Begum. Gulab Bari stands in a garden surrounded by a wall, approachable through two large gateways. These buildings are particularly interesting for their assimilative architectural styles. Shuja-ud-daula's wife was the well known Bahu Begum, who married the Nawab in 1743 and continued to reside in Faizabad, her residence being the Moti-Mahal. Close by at Jawaharbagh lies her Maqbara, where she was buried after her death in 1816.

Pohela Baishakh, a secular festival being celebrated in Dhaka Despite the country ceasing to be a secular state constitutionally once, secularism came back in 2010 and has been practised in the region of Bengal since ancient times. Ancient and medieval rulers, especially the Pala Empire and Nawabs of Bengal practised secularism in making decisions of the court. Hindus and Muslims would have prominent leaders from each community assisting the rulers. When the British East India Company came in the 18th century, it instituted separate laws for Hindus, Muslims and Christians.

Before his entrance in the politics, the Bogra family were influential Nawabs active in Bengali politics and Muslim League as a party worker in 1930. He contested in the general elections on a Muslim League's platform held in 1937 from Bogra constituency and sat in the Opposition in the Bengal Legislative Assembly. His uncle, Hasan Ali Chowdhury, also won the election who ran against the Muslim League'e platform. His father, Altaf Ali Chowdhury also successfully defended his constituency and was a member of the ruling Krishak Praja Party.

Born in Rae-Bareilly in 1786, Syed Ahmad received his initial education at his home town and went to Lucknow at the age of 18 in search of a job but failed. He then moved to Delhi where he became a disciple of Shah Abdul Aziz. He resided there from 1806 to 1811, then at the age of 25 he joined militia of Amir Khan, a military expeditionary. This was the era of military campaigns in India during which nawabs and governors established their power by occupying territories.

Being an Electronics and Communication Engineer by profession, Sudheer Varma spent all his spare time watching thousands of films. He moved to Hyderabad in 2002 to follow his dream of becoming a director but it wasn't until 2005 that he got his first chance to become an AD. He started by assisting for Angrez, Hyderabad Nawabs, Ninna Nedu Repu, Yuvatha, Anjaneyulu, and then Veedu Theda. The last film made all the difference as the producers of the same went on to offer a project with Nikhil Siddhartha to him.

The Kalhora dynasty () was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Sindhi-Baloch origin based in the region of Sindh of what is now Pakistan. The dynasty ruled Sindh and parts of the Punjab region between 1701 and 1783 from their capital of Khudabad, before shifting to Hyderabad from 1768 onwards. They were assigned to hold authority by the Mughal Grand Vizier Mirza Ghazi Beg and later formed their own independent dynasty, and they were known as the "Kalhora Nawabs" by the Mughal Emperors. The Kalhora dynasty succumbed to the Qizilbash during the invasion of Nadir Shah.

His birthplace is the ancient Kazipara mosque which still stands today Mīrzā Muḥammad I'tiṣām al-Dīn Pãchnūrī, (, ),various archaic and incorrect spellings such as Itesa Modeen or Itesham Uddin was a Mughal diplomat and the first educated Indian and Bengali to travel to Europe, in 1765. He was also a munshi serving the Nawabs of Bengal as well as the East India Company.C. A. Storey, Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey, Volume 1, Part 2, Psychology Press, 2002, p.1142 He had also written the text of the 1765 Treaty of Allahabad.

Sidi Hilal soon realized that he could not keep the city given the situation of lawlessness in the Kathiawar peninsula and in 1762 he transferred Jafarabad to the Nawab of Janjira, who paid the debts and appointed him governor. Under British protectorate the Nawabs of Janjira were considered separate second class rulers among the rulers of Kathiawar, but they were later promoted to first class. In the nineteenth century the rulers maintained a military force of 123 men. Jafarabad State acceded to the Indian Union on 8 March 1948.

A sculpture of the Nawab's royal peacock barge, Los Angeles County Museum The authority of the Mughal Court rapidly disintegrated in the 18th century, following the rise of the Maratha Empire in India and foreign invasions by Nader Shah of Persia and Ahmad Shah Abdali of Afghanistan. In Bengal, the system saw most wealth hoarded by the elites, with low wages for manual labour. The Nawabs of Bengal entered into treaties with numerous European colonial powers, including joint-stock companies representing Britain, Austria, Denmark, France and the Netherlands.

Popular areas located close to Ameerpet include Panjagutta, Banjara Hills, Begumpet, Sanath Nagar, and Somajiguda. Until the early 90s, the area mostly consisted of vacant plots, Jagirdar lands, Nawabs Houses, Estates and roadside restaurants to serve the traffic along NH9 to Bombay. Commercial activity first shifted here from the center of the city in the 1990s with the expansion of the northern suburbs of Hyderabad due to ongoing construction activity in the area and its surrounding areas. Today it is a bustling locality with several commercial establishments along with high pedestrian and vehicular traffic.

The floors of the dining and Darbar Halls are decorated with white, green and yellow colored ceramic tiles. The famous store room, where the valuables of the Nawabs used to be stored, was in the middle of the five rooms located in the western half of the ground floor. Along with those rooms a Darbar Hall or assembly hall and a chest room is also place there. Dome of Ahsan Manzil There are attractive wooden stairs in the room that is attached to the north of the domed room.

Important descendants of the Nawabs include Murad Mian, the first child of Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur of Rampur. Begum Noor Bano, the widow of the former Nawab, Zulfiquar Ali Khan of Rampur became a politician and won the election from Rampur parliamentary constituency in 1999. She lost the elections in 2004 and 2009. Murtaza Ali Khan and Zulfiquar Ali Khan (aka Mikki Mia), who continued to use the title of Nawab as a token even after independence and abolition of royalty but never ruled Rampur, are now dead.

The Nawabs often gave them concessions in return for the security. By the 18th century all rivalry had ceased between the British East India Company and the Dutch or Portuguese counterparts. The French had also established an East India Company under Louis XIV and had two important stations in India – Chandernagar in Bengal and Pondicherry on the Carnatic coast, both governed by the presidency of Pondicherry. The French were a late comer in India trade, but they quickly established themselves in India and were poised to overtake Britain for control.

Under Shuja-ud-Daula's reign Faizabad achieved its culmination as an important centre of trade and commerce in northern India and attracted travellers, writers, merchants, artists and courtesans from all over Europe and Asia. During the reign of Shuja-Ud-Daula, Faizabad attained such a prosperity which it never saw again. The Nawabs graced Faizabad with several significant buildings, notable among them being the Gulab Bari, Moti Mahal and the tomb of Bahu Begum. Gulab Bari stands in a garden surrounded by a wall, approachable through two large gateways.

Karttikeya is dressed in breaches worn by Englishmen. In most Bengali pujas Ganesha dons the traditional dhuti-chadar', but at Shobhabazar he is an idol worshipped by the Marwari ancestors of Jagat Seth; and Durga wears jewellery designed after the Mughals or Nawabs of Oudh. In earlier days Nidhu Babu and kabials like Anthony Firingee and Bhola Moira vied for attention with the nautch girls and Baijis. As the non-Brahmin patrons of Sovabazar Rajbari were not allowed by tradition to offer annobhog or rice in any form, they offered homemade sweets to the goddess.

The Nawabs graced Faizabad with several buildings, notable among them are the Gulab Bari, the Moti Mahal and the Bahu Begum ka Maqbara. Gulab Bari is a building standing in a garden surrounded by a wall, approachable through two large gateways. The tomb, built in 1816 from white marble, was an attempt to recreate the grandeur of the Taj Mahal at a cost of Rs 3 lakhs. The marble used almost 200 years ago still shines its brightest and provides the Mausoleum of Bahu Begum an aura of immortality.

Baloch Council of North America (BCNA) is a non-partisan, non-profit advocacy organization in the United States that seeks to "unite all Baloch people and secure Baloch rights, including the right of self-determination, within the Pakistani Federation.""Baloch Society of North America disassociates from the so-called war of independence of Khans, Nawabs and Sardars of Balochistan." BCNA is one of several politically active organizations with roots in the Baloch diaspora, working alongside the Baloch Human Rights Council in Canada, Baloch Unity in Russia, and the Baloch Voice Foundation in France.

The Nayakas fortified the temple town and the seven prakaras. It was taken over by Muslim Nawabs of Arcot as a lucrative source of revenues, and thereafter attracted a contest between the French and British military powers. Srirangam temple site and the neighboring city of Tiruchirappalli (Trichy) became an intense center of Christian and Muslim missionary activity during the 18th and 19th centuries. With the establishment of the Madras Presidency within the British Empire, geo-political stability returned and the Ranganathaswamy Temple site attracted interest in archeological and historical studies.

The Battle of Halani was fought in 1783 between the Baloch tribe Talpurs and the Sindhi tribe Kalhora near Halani village for the control of the Sindh region, in modern-day Pakistan. The Talpurs, led by Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur, won the battle over Mian Abdul Nabi Kalhoro of the Kalhora dynasty, and established the Talpur dynasty. The Kalhora dynasty of Nawabs were supported by the Durrani Emirate. While the Talpurs traced their roots back to Nader Shah had Qajar and possibly slight nominal support from the Great Mogul.

Hakim Habibur Rahman was the writer of the celebrated Urdu book Dhaka, Panchas Baras Pahle - a detailed history of Old Dhaka and its people, culture and traditions. Two languages emerged in Old Dhaka during the Mughal period due to the interactions between the Urdu and Bengali speakers. The Khoshbas and the Nawabs of Dhaka spoke a Bengali-influenced dialect of Urdu known as Dhakaiya Urdu (which is distinct to the Hindustani creole spoken by the Bihari community). The Kuttis spoke Dhakaiya Kutti, a Bengali dialect with an Urdu influence.

Sakina had told neighbours that they had been Jews who had immigrated from Iran. Around the time of Sadiq's death in 1971, Wilayat disappeared with Sakina and Cyrus. The older son, Assad, continued living in isolation in the house in Kashmir and his body was found a few years later. The family then turned up in Lucknow demanding the properties of the Nawabs of Oudh and were met by Satya Pal Malik, who attempted to negotiate with them while they were in the Lucknow railway station, before they moved to the New Delhi railway station.

After the turn of the 19th century, Governor-General Wellesley began what became two decades of accelerated expansion of Company territories. This was achieved either by subsidiary alliances between the Company and local rulers or by direct military annexation. The subsidiary alliances created the princely states of the Hindu maharajas and the Muslim nawabs. Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, and Kashmir were annexed after the Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1849; however, Kashmir was immediately sold under the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar to the Dogra Dynasty of Jammu and thereby became a princely state.

However, his plan did not materialize, partially because of intervention by the Nawabs of Lucknow, who controlled the territory. Later, in 1780, his daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar constructed the present Kashi Vishwanath Temple adjacent to the mosque. In the 1990s, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) campaigned to reclaim the sites of the mosques that they believe were constructed after demolition of Hindu temples. After the demolition of the Babri mosque in December 1992, about a thousand policemen were deployed to prevent a similar incident at the Gyanvapi mosque site.

Before the independence of India the princely state of Bhopal was ruled by the hereditary Nawabs. As a result of the Indian Independence Act 1947, the princely states were released from their treaty obligations to the British and were left to decide whether to join one of the new dominions of India and Pakistan. In March 1948, the last Nawab expressed his wish to rule Bhopal as an independent state. However, agitations against his rule broke out in December 1948, leading to the arrest of prominent leaders including Shankar Dayal Sharma.

Dawn News The fort was initially known as Dera Rawal, and later referred to as Dera Rawar, which with the passage of time came to be pronounced Derawar, its present name. In the 18th century, the fort was taken over by Muslim Nawabs of Bahawalpur from the Shahotra tribe. It was later rebuilt in its current form in 1732 by the Abbasi ruler Nawab Sadeq Muhammad, but in 1747 the fort slipped from their hands owing to Bahawal Khan's preoccupations at Shikarpur. Nawab Mubarak Khan took the stronghold back in 1804.

The district capital Bahawalpur, which lies just south of the Sutlej River, was founded in 1748 by Muhammad Bahawal Khan and was incorporated as a municipality in 1874. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh Empire invaded some towns of modern Pakistan's Punjab province but Bahawalpur had a stronghold of the state's Abbasi nawabs in the city management and the town was free of Sikh empire. In 1836 Bahawalpur stopped paying tribute to Sikh empire. The state's army had defend the territory and openly declared independence.

The Nawabs had virtually lost their military power after the battle of Buxar. The lack of basic co-ordination among the three disparate allies was responsible for their decisive defeat. Mirza Najaf Khan commanded the right flank of the Mughal imperial army and was the first to advance his forces against Major Hector Munro at daybreak; the British lines formed within twenty minutes and reversed the advance of the Mughals. According to the British, Durrani and Rohilla cavalry were also present and fought during the battle in various skirmishes.

After the death of Aurangzeb and the collapse of the Mughal Empire, which marks the beginning of modern India, in the early 18th century, it provided opportunities for the Marathas, Sikhs, Mysoreans and Nawabs of Bengal to exercise control over large regions of the Indian subcontinent.History of Mysore Under Hyder Ali and Tippoo Sultan by Joseph Michaud p. 143 Maritime trading between South Asia and European merchants began after the Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama returned to Europe. British, French, Portuguese colonial interests struck treaties with these rulers and established their trading ports.

In 1758, after Siraj ud-Daulah's defeat in at the Battle of Plassey, Mir Jafar, who succeeded Siraj as the Nawab of Bengal, constructed a palace with 12 doors here and named it Bara Duari (the palace with twelve doors). Robert Clive is said to have lived here. He also stayed here to negotiate with the Nawabs for the transfer of the Diwani to the East India Company. On 29 April 1766 he held the first ceremony of beginning the revenue collections here with Clive as the Dewan, when Nazam-ud-Daulah was the Nawab.

The remainder was used for the other members of the family and any unexpected balance was transferred to the Nizamat Deposit Fund, which later became the subject of a great controversy. Nawab Nazim Mansur Ali Khan, better known as Feradun Jah founded the Nizamat School and College or the Nawab Bahadur's institution, which is also known was the Nawab's High School and the Nawab's Madrassa. The Nawab's High School or the Nawab Bahadur's Institution was set up in 1825 exclusively for the son and akrobas of the Nawabs'.

Aerial view of Bara Imambara. There is also a blocked tunnel passageway which, according to legends, leads through a mile-long underground passage to a location near the Gomti river. Other passages are rumored to lead to Faizabad (the former seat of power of the Nawabs), Allahabad, Agra and even to Delhi. They exist but have been sealed after a period of long disuse as well as fears over the disappearance of people who had reportedly gone missing, while exploring but still the reality has not been checked.

The Paragna then passed on to the state of Alwar and later became the Paragana under the state of Ferozpur Jhirka, which was ruled by Nawab Ahmed Baksh Khan in the year 1803. It was from this year forward that pukka construction of the mud fort and village started. The Fort was in the hands of later Nawabs of Loharu until 1971 when the Late Nawab Aminuddin Ahmed Khan sold it to the Government of Haryana. Since these buildings were uninhabited, all the north-wing had collapsed as was part of the east-wing.

On 31 December 1947, Muhammad Farid Khan, Nawab of Amb, acceded to Pakistan.Z. H. Zaidi, CHRONOLOGY OF ACCESSION OF STATES TO PAKISTAN in Quaid- i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers: The States (Quaid-i-Azam Papers Project, 1993), p. xxxix Amb continued to be an autonomous state within Pakistan until 1969, when following the death of the Nawab it was incorporated into the North West Frontier Province (now known as Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa). In 1971 recognition of the royal status of the Nawabs by the Government of Pakistan came to an end.

A nawab was originally the provincial governor or viceroy of a province or region of the Mughal Empire. Since most of the Muslim rulers of the subcontinent had accepted the authority of the Mughals, the term nawab is generally understood to mean any Muslim ruler in the Indian subcontinent. Under British rule, nawabs ruled several princely states including Sarhad. However the title is also much used as a prefix (similar to lord in English peerage) by Muslim aristocrats or landed gentry in the subcontinent prior to Independence of Pakistan.

Coat of arms of Radhanpur State The State of Radhanpur was established in 1753 by Jawan Mard Khan II, son of Jawan Mard Khan I. Later, Radhanpur city became the capital of the princely state of Radhanpur under Palanpur Agency of Bombay Presidency. It was a walled town, known for its export trade in rapeseed, grain and cotton. Radhanpur came under British control in 1813. Even so, the Nawabs minted their own coins until 1900, when the state adopted the Indian currency; a particularly forward-looking Nawab briefly introduced decimalization, with 100 fulus equaling one rupee.

Sarfaraz's father, Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, then the Subahdar of Orissa, getting to know it arrive at Murshidabad, the capital of the Nawabs of Bengal with a huge army. To avoid a conflict in the family the dowager Begum of the Nawab asked Shuja-ud-Din to ascend to the Masnad after Sarfaraz abdicated in favour of his father. However, circumstances led Shuja-ud-Din to nominate Sarfaraz as his heir and after Shuja-us-Din's death in 1739, Sarfaraz Khan again ascended to the Masnad as the Nawab of Bengal (Bengal, Bihar and Orissa).

Muhammad Sher Khan Babai was the founder of the Babi dynasty of Junagarh in 1654. His descendants, the Babi Nawabs of Junagarh, conquered large territories in southern Saurashtra. However, during the collapse of the Mughal Empire, the Babis became involved in a struggle with the Gaekwad dynasty of the Maratha Empire over control of Gujarat during the reign of the local Mohammad Mahabat Khanji I. Mohammad Khan Bahadur Khanji I declared independence from the Mughal governor of Gujarat subah, and founded the state of Junagarh in 1730. This allowed the Babi to retain sovereignty of Junagarh and other princely states.

In 1741 the Maratha invaded Tiruchirappalli and took Chanda Saheb as captive. Chanda Saheb succeeded in securing freedom in 1748 and soon got involved in famous war for the Nawabs place in the Carnatic against Anwardeen, the Nawab of Arcot and his son Mohammed Ali. Mohammed Ali annexed the two palayams of Ariyalur and Udayarpalayam located with troops were in the Ariyalur district on the grounds of default in payment of Tributes and failure to assist him in quelling the rebellion of Yusuf Khan. In November 1764, Mohammed Ali represented the issue to Madras Council and obtained military assistance on 3 January 1765.

Nawab Ghazanfar-Jang, Muhammad Khan Bangash (1665 – 1743) laid the foundation of the Nawab of Farrukhabad in Uttar Pradesh, India and was sworn in as its first Nawab in 1715. He was a "Bawan Hazari Sardar" (Commander of 52000 Men Strong force) in the Mughal Army. He served as governor of Malwa and Allahabad provinces of Mughal empire.A history of the Bangash nawabs of Farrukhabad, from 1713 to 1771 A.D. by Jos J. L. GommansThe Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire: C. 1710-1780 By Jos J. L. Gommans He was also viceroy of Assam from 1735-1743.

It is also believed that young nawabs-to-be were sent to these "tawaifs" to learn "tameez" and "tehzeeb" which included the ability to differentiate and appreciate good music and literature, perhaps even practice it, especially the art of ghazal writing. By the 18th century, they had become the central element of polite, refined culture in North India. These courtesans would dance, sing (especially ghazals), recite poetry (shairi) and entertain their suitors at mehfils. Like the geisha tradition in Japan, their main purpose was to professionally entertain their guests, and while sex was often incidental, it was not assured contractually.

Dhakaiya biriyani The Nawabs of Dhaka had brought Mughlai cuisine to Bengal, and with it, many Islamic elements that were wholly retained by Bangladesh's culinary community. Due to the high costs of producing Mughlai food, the recipes were limited to the elite classes in colonial India, and slowly expanded as Bangladesh's economy grew. The main focus on lamb, mutton, beef, yoghurt, and mild spices define the taste of the style. Such dishes as kebab; stuffed breads; kachi biriyani; roast lamb, duck, and chicken; patisapta; Kashmiri tea; and korma are still served at special occasions like Eid and weddings.

Whether addressing the suppression of women under the pretext of family honour in the light of the decline of the aristocracy, or their agency in relationships, she was an acute observer of the foibles of human nature. While her cohort weighed against the perfidy of the nawabs, in several stories she presented them in a more humane light. Her short story Kunji, for instance, was a sympathetic portrayal of a homosexual attraction by a nobleman for a dancer. For progressives such as Chughtai, homosexuality was a refuge for the heroes, but in Jahan's work, social mores appear to transcend human desires.

The work also gives useful information about contemporary kingdoms and states including the Nawabs of Savanur, the Marathas and the Mughals.Ciṭaṇīsa and Chitnis (2000), p. 11 Notable Jain writers of the period were Payanna (Ahimsacharitre), Padmaraja (Pujyapada Charitre, 1792), Padmanabha (Ramachandra Charitre), Surala (Padmavati Charitre), and Jayendra (Karnataka Kuvalayananda). Vaishnava writers who distinguished themselves were Lakshmakavi (Bharata in 1728 and Rukmangada Charite), Venkatesha (Halasya Mahatmya, in champu metre), Konayya (Krishnarjuna Sangara), Timmamatya (Ramabhyudaya Kathakusumamanjari, a version of the epic Ramayana), Timmarya of Anekal (Ananda Ramayana, 1708), Balavaidya Cheluva (Lilavati, and an encyclopedia of precious stones called Ratnasastra), and Puttayia (Maisuru Arasugala Purvabhyudaya, c.

Mughal India was now the world's largest economy, responsible for almost a quarter of global production, as well as a sophisticated customs and taxation system within the empire. In the 18th century, the Mughals were replaced by the Marathas as the dominant power in much of India, while small regional kingdoms, who were mostly late Mughal tributaries such as the Nawabs in the north and the Nizams in the south, declared autonomy. The efficient Mughal tax administration system was left largely intact, but India fell from its top rank to become the second-largest economy in the world.

"Aurangzeb had restored the poll-tax (Jazia) on unbelievers and this had to be compounded for. In Patna, Peacock the Chief of the factory, was not sufficiently obliging and was seized, forced to walk through the town bare-headed and bare-footed and subjected to many other indignities before he paid up and was released." Little changed during this period other than the name. With the decline of the Mughal empire, Patna moved into the hands of the Nawabs of Bengal, who levied a heavy tax on the populace but allowed it to flourish as a commercial centre.

The Pataudi family is an Indian dynasty of nawabs of the former princely state of Pataudi, from which they take their name. The first nawab was Faiz Talab Khan, an ethnic Pashtun from the Barech tribe of Kandahar, Afghanistan, who became the first Nawab of the Pataudi State in 1804.The Hindu, Sunday, 3 Aug 2003 - Royal vignettes: Pataudi: The Afghan connection His descendants subsequently ruled the state until 1949 , when it was merged with East Punjab and acceded to Dominion of India. The Pataudis retained their titles and were granted privy purses until both were abolished by the Indian government in 1971.

In the 19th century the rulers nawabs applied taxes on animals and trees in Makran's different areas including Buleda but when it came to the people of Zamuran, they rejected payment of taxes which was unlawful. In 1901, Mir Mohammad Omer was ruling the Makran. He decided to go to Zamuran and collect taxes with force but as he came to Zamuran, the people stood against him and after a fierce battle, he lost and ran away. The main tribes of Zamuran are (Durrazai, Shay, Yallanzai, Askani, Mohammed zai, Zahrozai, Shambezai,Sanjarani, Taj Mohammed zai, Lehbarzai Rind and Kuhda).

The region became a base for the British East India Company, the French East India Company, the Danish East India Company, the Austrian East India Company, the Ostend Company, and the Dutch East India Company. The British company eventually rivaled the authority of the Nawabs. In the aftermath of the Siege of Calcutta in 1756, in which the Nawab's forces overran the main British base, the East India Company dispatched a fleet led by Robert Clive who defeated the last independent Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Mir Jafar was installed as the puppet Nawab.

Tahir Shah was born into the saadat of Paghman, an ancient and respected family hailing from Afghanistan. Bestowed with further lands and ancestral titles by the British Raj during the Great Game, a number of Shah's more recent ancestors were born in the principality of Sardhana, in northern India – which they ruled as Nawabs. His mother, Cynthia Kabraji, was of Indian Parsi ethnicity and his father was the Sufi teacher and writer Idries Shah. Both his grandfathers were respected literary figures in their own right: Sirdar Ikbal Ali Shah on his father's side, and the Parsi poet Fredoon Kabraji, on his mother's side.

Handcrafting a Culture Shararas originated in Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh during the era of the Nawabs. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the gharara was part of the everyday attire among Muslim women of the Hindi Belt. Ghararas were also made popular in Pakistan and Bangladesh, in the 1950s and 1960s with popular public figures like Fatima Jinnah and Begum Rana Liaquat Ali Khan wearing them. Although they are no longer worn as an everyday garment, they remain popular as wedding attire among Muslim women of the Hindi Belt and also among Urdu-speaking immigrants in Pakistan and Bangladesh.

The recorded history of Vellore dates back to the ninth century, as seen from a Chola inscription in the Annamalaiyar Temple in Tiruvannamalai. Vellore is strategically located and well-connected by rail and bus routes to major towns in the neighbouring states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Kerala. Many dynasties and rulers dominated Vellore throughout its history, including the Pallava dynasty, Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Vijayanagar, the Rashtrakuta dynasty, the Sambuvaraya chieftains, the Nawabs of the Carnatic, and the administration of the British. In the 18th century, Vellore was involved in the Carnatic Wars between Britain and France.

The latter secured confirmation of his rights following the Mughal conquest of Bijapur, through the intervention of his maternal uncle Nawab Khwaja Muhammad Mubariz Khan Bahadur, who served as Aurangzeb's Subedar of the Deccan. Faiz Ali Khan Bahadur was son of Nawab Muhammad Taqi Khan Bahadur. The family of Faiz Ali Khan Bahadur, along with those of the Nawabs of Cambay and of Masulipatam, descend from Amir Yawar Ahmad Khan Najm-i-Sani, sometime vicegerent under Shah Ismail Safawi of Persia. They migrated to India during the reign of Emperor Akbar, married into the Indian Mughal aristocracy and rose to high military commands.

Jawab opposite the tomb of Zinat Asiya in the Husainabad Imambara complex (1862) Husainabad Mosque. Chota Imambara, also known as Imambara Hussainabad Mubarak is an imposing monument located in the city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Built as an imambara or a congregation hall for Shia Muslims, by Muhammad Ali Shah, the Nawab of Awadh in 1838,Tornos India – About Us – Nawabs of Avadh it was to serve as a mausoleum for himself and his mother, who is buried beside him. The significance of Panjetan, the holy five, is once again emphasized here with five main doorways.

The second Tazkira of Aurangabad has been compiled by Khwaja Inayatulla. The name of the Tazkira is Riyaz-i-Hasni and the date of compilation is 1168 A. H. After 1184 A. H. there appeared slackness in the literary activities of Aurangabad. The Nawabs, Mansabdars and the other high- ranking officers who were men of letters themselves and great patrons and lovers of art and literature, gradually left for Hyderabad as it was given the status of the capital of the Nizam's State. The poets and other literary personalities also left Aurangabad because of want of patronage.

In the British Empire a Political Resident or Political Agent was the incumbent of an official diplomatic position involving both consular duties and liaison function. A Consul or Consul-General has largely consular functions, such as looking after British business persons abroad. A Political Resident or Political Agent, on the other hand, not only has consular duties but also has political contacts with the rulers of native states, such as the Nizam, Nawabs, Maharajas, sultans, sheikhs and rajas. With the end of the British Empire this distinction became redundant because the Political Resident or Political Agent was no longer relevant.

In the late 17th century AD when Aurangazeb sent armies into Northern Tamil areas in order to conquer the territories as well as to subjugate the Marathas. The whole territory to the south of Golconda and east of Mysore was erroneously referred to by these invaders as Karnatak or Carnatic and a Mughal viceroyalty was set up by that name to govern the areas. This area covered southern Andhra Pradesh and the northern parts of Tamil Nadu around Gingee and Vellore. The first of the hereditary viceroys or Nawabs was the general Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung of Afghan extraction.

Khair nagar gate built by Nawab Khair Andesh Khan cambo in 1616 AD General Nawab Khair Andesh Khan was son of Nawab Muhabbat Khan. He was the most noted member of the illustrious family of the Kamboh Nawabs of Meerut and flourished during the reign of Shah Jehan and Aurangzeb.Cf: Leadership and Local Politics, 1979, p 158, Shree Nagesh Jha After Dara Shikoh was assassinated, he joined Aurangzeb's administration. With competency, hard work and his loyalty to the Crown, he got a mansab of 5000 horsemen and was also awarded the title of Kheir Andesh Khan during reign of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.

The cuisine of the royal courts over the years gave rise to the Rampuri cuisine, developed by the chefs of the Nawabs. After the Indian Mutiny of 1857, the khansamas (chefs) from erstwhile Mughal imperial courts shifted to Rampur, bringing along with them the Mughal cuisine tradition. Gradually people from other places also found a haven here, adding influences of Awadhi, Hyderabad and Kashmiri cuisine. It is also known for its distinct flavours and dishes with recipes passed on from the royal kitchen, like Rampuri fish, Rampuri Korma, Rampuri mutton kebabs, Doodhiya biryani and adrak ka halwa.

The Amir Mahal was constructed in 1798 by the British East India Company to house administrative offices of the company. When the Carnatic kingdom was annexed by the Company in 1855 as per the Doctrine of Lapse, the Chepauk Palace, the official residence of the Nawabs, was auctioned off and purchased by the Madras government. The Nawab moved to a building called Shadi Mahal on Triplicane High Road and lived there. However, the British felt that the Shadi Mahal was "not a place fit for the residence of the Prince of Arcot" and granted him the Amir Mahal in Royapettah.

It was shunned by the intellectuals, avoided by the educated middle class, and in general, looked down upon as a frivolous practice. First, as the power of the maharajahs and nawabs declined in the early 20th century, so did their patronage. With the expulsion of Wajid Ali Shah to Calcutta after 1857, the Lucknavi musical tradition came to influence the music of the renaissance in Bengal, giving rise to the tradition of Ragpradhan gan around the turn of the century. Raja Chakradhar Singh of Raigarh was the last of the modern era Maharajas to patronize Hindustani classical musicians, singers and dancers.

Apart from being used as a venue for formal and informal meetings, it also served as a skating rink and ballroom for the enjoyment of the Nawabs. Construction of the building began in 1873 which continued over several years. In 1906, a conference was held in the building, sponsored by Nawab Khwaja Salimullah, the Nawab of Dhaka that led to the formation of the All-India Muslim League. Toufiq Hosen Khan, a student of fine arts, engraved a statue of Madhusudan Dey in 1995, which remains in front of the Madhur Canteen to the present day.

The original name of Zaffargadh was Velpugonda. According to a Rashtrakuta inscription carved on the rock wall of the tank of the Lakshminarasimha Swamy hillock (Peddagutta) here, Sankaraganda of Rashtrakuta line of chiefs is believed to have constructed the tank on the hillock. On the back side of the hillock a Trikuta Temple, Garuda pillar and a Vishnu temple of Kakatiya period and a mosque are located. This area was occupied by Muslim rulers in the medieval times after the fall of Kakatiyas of Warangal in 1323 CE. Zaffruddoula, a Subedar of Golconda Nawabs (1760 AD) was the ruler of this area.

The year the market place came into being is not clear. But by all accounts it was during the rule of the Nawabs that the place got its present basic form and name. According to the most credible version of the history the land on which Aminabad stands belonged to Rani Jai Kunwar Pandey. The Rani, besides being a vassal of the Mughals, was also a very good friend of Khadija Khanam, the Begum (wife) of the first Nawab of Oudh, Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk, who was also the Grand-Wazir of the Mughal Empire.

Long embankments have been built to keep the saline water away and the land recovered with great effort. In the days of the Nawabs of Bengal, this area had many salt pans. In the early days of the East India Company, the port and the town flourished at Khejuri. In the first half of the 19th century it was known to the British as Kedgeree. The British established their control over the area in 1765 and by 1780 had established a port and factory there. A light-house was built in 1810 at Dariapur, a village about five miles south of Khejuri.

After the successful campaign of Karnataka and the Trichinopolly, Raghuji returned from Karnataka. He undertook six expeditions into Bengal from 1741 to 1748. The resurgent Maratha Empire launched brutal raids against the prosperous Bengali state in the 18th century, which further added to the decline of the Nawabs of Bengal. During their invasions and occupation of Bihar and western Bengal up to the Hooghly River, Raghuji was able to annex Odisha to his kingdom permanently as he successfully exploited the chaotic conditions prevailing in Bengal after the death of its governor Murshid Quli Khan in 1727.

At the end of the first year she accepted an invitation to Hyderabad, Deccan, having withdrawn from the Mission, and refunded her passage and outfit money. She was the first lady doctor who ever went out alone into a Princely state. The ruler of the province furnished elephants, a regiment of sepoys, and a band of music to escort her to the palaces of the various noblemen of the city. At the expiration of three years, having established a dispensary and hospital, and treated over 40,000 patients, besides having an important private practice among the nawabs and nobles, she married Rev.

Patna, the capital of Bihar state, India, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the world and the History of Patna spans at least three millennia. Patna has the distinction of being associated with the two most ancient religions of the world, namely, Buddhism and Jainism. The ancient city of Pataliputra (predecessor of modern Patna) was the capital of the Mauryan, Shunga, and Gupta Empires. It has been a part of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire and has seen the rule of the Nawabs of Bengal, the East India Company and the British Raj.

Akorkhel Khans of Teri, Seni, Khwarram, Barak Khattaks of Teri Tahsil (whole of the present Karrak District and half of the present Kohat District): Nawabs, Naibs and Khans of Teri, Naibs of Seni Gumbat, Khans of Lachi, Khans of Darmailk, Khans of Chakhtoo. Sagri Khans of Sagri and Bhangikhel Khattats: Sagri Khans of Shakardarra; Toza Khels (Sagris), Khans of Malgin; Bada Khan Khels, Khans of Lachi. The Khani The Khani (Khanship) in the Khattak tribe started properly during the time of Emperor Akbar of India.The first Khan or Chief was Malik Akor, the grandfather of Khushal Khan Khattak.

The Nawab of Awadh or the Nawab of Oudh was the title of the rulers who governed the state of Awadh (anglicised as Oudh) in north India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to a dynasty of Persian origin from Nishapur, Iran.Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam By Juan Ricardo ColeEncyclopædia Iranica, , R. B. BarnettArt and culture: endeavours in interpretation by Ahsan Jan Qaisar, Som Prakash Verma, Mohammad Habib In 1724, Nawab Sa'adat Khan established the Oudh State with their capital in Faizabad and Lucknow.

Barisal was conquered by Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji and was later a significant territory of the Delhi Sultanate and Bengal Sultanate. After the decline of the Suri Empire, the territory became a semi-independent area in the Mughal period because of heavy fighting between the Muslims and Hindu chiefs, although most parts of the city were totally under the control of the governors of the proto-industrialised Bengal Subah. In course of time, it fell under the Bengal Nawabs. Raja Ramranjan Chakravarty was put as a de jure king during the Bengal Presidency of the British, later passed to East Pakistan at independence and finally Bangladesh.

Armenians worked as merchants, gun-smiths, gunners, priests and mercenaries for some of the Islamic rulers of India, with many noted to have served in the armies of various nawabs in Bengal and Punjab, such as Khojah Petrus Nicholas and Khojah Gorgin Khan. Thomas Cana was an affluent merchant dealing chiefly in spices and muslins. He was also instrumental in obtaining a decree, inscribed on a copperplate, from the rulers of Malabar, which conferred several commercial, social and religious privileges for the Christians of that region. In current local references, Thomas Cana is known as "Knayi Thomman" or "Kanaj Tomma", meaning Thomas the merchant.

Nawab Faizullah Khan, who ruled Rampur from 1774 to 1794, established the library from his personal collection of ancient manuscripts and miniature specimens of Islamic calligraphy in the last decades of the 18th century. It is one of the biggest library in Asia. As all the succeeding Nawabs were the great patrons of scholars, poets, painters, calligraphers and musicians, and thus, the library grew by leaps and bounds and notable additions were made to the collection during the rule of Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan (1794–1840). Nawab Muhammad Said Khan (1840–1855) created a separate department for the library and shifted the collection to new rooms.

Although they were traders at first, land grants (Jagirs) enabled them to live off of the shares of the Empire's revenue and taxes from the lands. Earlier revenue collectors in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa had been functionaries who held the right to collect revenue on behalf of the Emperor and his representative, or diwan in Bengal (Nawabs of Bengal). The diwan supervised the tax collectors to ensure that they were neither lax nor overly stringent. When the East India Company was awarded the diwani or overlordship of Bengal by the empire in 1764, it found itself short of trained administrators, especially those familiar with local custom and law.

To his surprise, Feluda finds that another party knows about this clock and they are trying to get it aided by the letter with them. Thanks to the brilliance of the detective and the help of 'Haripodobabu', the chauffeur of Mr. Ganguli, a new introduction in this book, their plot is foiled. The Old Calcutta: for a long time, Calcutta was the capital of British India. Just as the story of the Nawabs plays a vital part in 'Badshahi Angti' (based on Lucknow), the story of British families who lived in the former capital of the British Raj, plays a prominent part in this story.

Nawab (Bengali: নবাব/নওয়াব, Urdu:نواب, Devanagari: नवाब/नबाब, Persian-Arab: نواب, Hindi: नवाबशाह, नवाब) also spelt Nawaab, Navaab, Navab, Nowab, Nabob, Nawaabshah, Nawabshah or Nobab, is a Royal title indicating a sovereign ruler, often of a South Asian state, in many ways comparable to the western titles of King. The relationship of a Nawab to the Emperor of India has been compared to that of the Kings of Saxony to the German Emperor. In earlier times the title was ratified and bestowed by the reigning Mughal emperor to semi-autonomous Muslim rulers of subdivisions or princely states in the Indian subcontinent loyal to the Mughal Empire i.e. Nawabs of Bengal.

Muslims conquered Bengal around the mid-thirteenth century, bringing with them Persian culture and cuisine. Islamic culinary influence had come from the upper classes, gradually diffusing into the local Hindu and poorer Muslim populations. Such dishes as biryani, korma and bhuna had once been meals of the higher courts, but the cooks of the Mughals brought their recipes to the lower and middle classes. The influence was reinforced during the rule of the British Raj, where Kolkata became the place of refuge for many prominent exiled Nawabs, notably the family of Tipu Sultan from Mysore and Wajid Ali Shah, the ousted Nawab of Awadh.

The Nawabs of Dhaka rented the places as a coal and lime go-down for sometime. Accounts by Charles D'oyle in 1822 testify to the beauty of the partly surviving Bara Katra, plundered by the poor inhabitants who are still there. Attempts by the archaeology department in the past to take over the structure and restore it to its original glory have been unsuccessful, mainly thwarted by the people who are running a madrasa by illegally occupying a part of the structure. Besides this Katra, there was several more such cellular structures mainly used as inns or residential enclaves, for example Maya Katra, Muqim Katra, Nawab Katra, etc.

A mohalla called Manjhli Haveli is said to be named after the residence of the middle son of Rai Damodar Das. This mohalla is also in the northern part of Shamsabad. There was a reputed madrasa (school) in Shamsabad during Akbar's reign and even his courtier, the well-known historian Abdul Qadir Badyuni, stayed here for sometime. After the weakening of the Moghal Empire and the founding of Farrukhabad in 1714 by Mohammed Khan Bangash (a Subedar of Farrukh Siyar, the Moghal King in Delhi), Shamsabad was de facto ruled by the Bangash Nawabs till their treaty with East India Company in June 1802.

Be as it may, this is probably the location from which the Nawabs of Amb took their title much later. Sir Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan Tanoli (seated second from left), Sir George Roos-Keppel (seated third from left), Sahibzada Sir Abdul Qayyum Khan (seated first from right). (Sitting ground centre) Nawabzada Muhammad Farid Khan Tanoli (son and successor of Nawab Sir Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan of Amb). Standing L_R: Doctor Masdar Ali (Physician of the Nawab of Amb), some servants of the Nawab of Amb) Sitting: Nawabzada Mohammad Ismail Khan Tanoli of Chanser and brother of Nawab Khan i Zaman Khan Tanoli, Shergarh 1930.

Its contemporary culture is the result of the amalgamation of the Hindu and Muslim rulers who ruled the town simultaneously and the credit for this goes to the secular and syncretic traditions of the Nawabs of Awadh, who took a keen interest in every walk of life and encouraged these traditions to attain a rare degree of sophistication. As a result, there are many historical holy religious sites in Nagram which are popular among all religions. Imambada Wajahat Hussain Rizvi is the Imambargah located in the center of Nagram, popularly knonwn as Syedwada. Anjuman e AbbasiyaAnjuman e Abbasiya Website is the oldest and existing anjuman of Nagram.

On Babar's conquest of Northern India in 1526 the Hooths submitted to him, and at his death the Derajat became a dependency of his son Kamran Mirza, the ruler of Kabul. Under Humayun the Baloch immigration increased, and they gradually pushed the Nahars farther south. All the Baloch tribes acknowledged the overlordship of the Hooth Nawabs, who ruled for about fifteen generations at Dera Ghazi Khan, taking alternately the style of 'Malik' and ` Ghazi Khan.' At Dera Ismail Khan ruled the Hooth Baloch chiefs, who bore the title of Ismail Khan from father to son and also held Darya Khan and Bhakkar, east of the Indus.

Since AD 1350 different parts of the Awadh region were ruled by the Delhi Sultanate, Sharqi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, Nawabs of Awadh, East India Company and the British Raj. Kanpur was one of the major centres of Indian rebellion of 1857, participated actively in India's Independence movement, and emerged as an important city of North India. For about eighty- four years (from 1394 to 1478,), Awadh was part of the Sharqi Sultanate of Jaunpur; emperor Humayun made it a part of the Mughal Empire around 1555. Emperor Jehangir granted an estate in Awadh to a nobleman, Sheik Abdul Rahim, who had won his favour.

Both nawabs, known respectively as "Pataudi Senior" and "Pataudi Junior", were distinguished cricketers who captained the Indian Test team. Saad is the great-grandson of Hamidullah Khan, the Nawab of Bhopal, who succeeded to the throne of Bhopal after a long reign of royal queens. Major General of Pakistan, Sher Ali Khan, is his great-granduncle, and the diplomat Shahryar Khan is his uncle, through her grandaunt Abida Sultan. The actress Sharmila Tagore is his aunt by marriage (Mansoor's wife), and the actors Saif Ali Khan and Soha Ali Khan, and Saba Ali Khan, the mutawalli of Auqaf-e-Shahi, are his first cousins.

In the early 18th century, Nawab Saadatullah Khan I declared himself independent and ruled the so-called Carnatic State till 1801 and existed as a practically independent kingdom till 1855. During this period, a large number of Urdu-speaking Muslim intellectuals from North India migrated to Tamil Nadu where they served in the court of the Carnatic nawabs. The state was eventually extinguished by the Doctrine of Lapse in 1855 but the Nawab retained most of his privileges and had the title "Chief Native nobleman of Madras" bestowed upon him by the Governor. There were also smaller migrations of Afghan traders during British rule in the subcontinent.

In 1756 war broke out between France and Great Britain, and Colonel Robert Clive of the British East India Company and Admiral Charles Watson of the Royal Navy bombarded and captured Chandernagore (Chandannagar) on 23 March 1757. Lying ten miles up river from Calcutta, Chandernagore was the administrative centre of the French East India Company. Clive, "determined to eliminate" Siraj ud-Daulah Nawabs of Bengal, chose the capture of the French Fort d'Orleans and Chandernagore, as a first step. The French had a total of 16 guns against the Watson's HMS Kent (1746), HMS Tiger (1747), and HMS Salisbury (1746), and Clive's land forces.

The culture of the performing art of the nautch rose to prominence during the later period of Mughal Empire, and the British East India Company Rule. Over time, the nautch traveled outside the confines of the Imperial courts of the Mughals, the palaces of the Nawabs and the Princely states, and the higher echelons of the officials of the British Raj, to the places of smaller Zamindars. Some references use the terms nautch and nautch girls to describe Devadasis who used to perform ritual and religious dances in the Hindu temples of India. However, there is not much similarity between the Devadasis and the nautch girls.

Shuja-ud-Daula the Nawab of Awadh, with Four Sons, General Barker and other military officers The Nawabs graced Faizabad with several beautiful buildings, notable among them are the Gulab Bari, Moti Mahal and the tomb of Bahu Begum. Gulab Bari is a beautiful building of fine architecture, standing in a garden surrounded by a wall, approachable through two large gateways. Shuja-ud-Daula's wife was the well known Bahu Begum, who married the Nawab in 1743 and continued to reside in Faizabad, her residence being the Moti-Mahal. Close by at Jawaharbagh lies her Maqbara, where she was buried after her death in 1816.

The Pala Empire, the Chandra dynasty, and the Sena dynasty were the last pre-Islamic Bengali middle kingdoms. Islam was introduced during the Pala Empire, through trade with the Abbāsid Caliphate, but following the early conquest of Bakhtiyar Khalji and the subsequent establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and preaching of Shah Jalāl in East Bengal, the faithfully spread across the region. In 1576, the wealthy Bengal Sultanate was absorbed into the Mughal Empire, but its rule was briefly interrupted by the Suri Empire. Following the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in the early 1700s, proto-industrialized Mughal Bengal became a semi-independent state under the Nawabs of Bengal.

Nasir Jung, Muzaffar Jung, (son and grandson of the Nizam I who were killed by the Kurnool and Cuddapah Nawabs) and Salabat jung who together ruled for a decade, were not counted by the historians and the Mughal emperors at Delhi only recognised them just as Subedars of the Deccan. The authority of the founder of the State of Hyderabad, Asafjah I, extended from Narmada to Trichinapally and from Machilipatnam to Bijapur. During the period of Afzal-ud-Daula (Asaf Jah V) (AD 1857–1869) it was estimated to be 95,337 sq.miles (2,46,922.83 km2), forming a lateral square of more than 450 miles (724.17 km) each way.

However, not all were involved in the rice trade. The presence of the Mughals in Dhaka meant that there was generally a lot more employment opportunities there and so they took other occupations such as , footsoldiers, guards, chefs and chauffeurs for the Nawabs of Dhaka and other aristocratic families. These groups of people lived together and engaged in conversations and addas with their Hindustani counterparts and their main occupation led them to be known as (other less- common names included and ). The interactions with different cultures and languages led to the birth of an Urdu-influenced dialect of Bengali known as Dhakaiya Kutti, and with that - a new identity.

Popular toys and gifts, known as eidi, emerged in the Dhakaiya culture such as the bhotbhoti; a motor using kerosene that would spin around in water, as well as the drum-carriage. Hakim Habibur Rahman mentions in his book, Dhaka Panchas Baras Pahle (Dhaka, fifty years ago) that during sehri time (pre-dawn), groups of people would sing qasidas to wake up the neighbourhood. This tradition was patronised by the nawabs and sardars of Dhaka and on Eid day, the Chief Sardar would present awards and baksheesh to the best qasida singers. Qasidas were generally sung in Urdu but in the 1980s, Bengali qasidas also came into fashion.

A number of dispossessed dynasts, both Hindu and Muslim, exploited the well-founded caste-suspicions of the sepoys and made these simple folk their cat's paw in gamble for recovering their thrones. The last scions of the Delhi Mughals or the Oudh Nawabs and the Peshwa, can by no ingenuity be called fighters for Indian freedom Hindusthan Standard, Puja Annual, 195 p. 22 referenced in the Truth about the Indian mutiny article by Dr Ganda Singh.In the light of the available evidence, we are forced to the conclusion that the uprising of 1857 was not the result of careful planning, nor were there any master-minds behind it.

The Rani constructed a Mosque on this land and gifted it to her good friend, the wife of the Nawab. This 18th century Mosque, known as Padain Ki Masjid (The Brahmin Woman's Mosque), still stands in Aminabad. The maqbara of Begum Khadija Khanam was also constructed in front of the masjid, but it has been lost to the vagaries of time, though the grave is still to be seen. By the time the Nawabs moved their court from Faizabad to Lucknow, the site had become a center of activity and irregular commerce like weekly market etc.. It was a part of the city known as Masarratganj.

About three kilometers east of Takht Sri Harmandir Sahib is where Guru Tegh Bahadur first alighted in a garden (bagh) belonging to Nawabs Rahim Bakhsh and Karim Bakhsh, nobles of Patna, and where the sangat of Patna along with the young Guru Gobind Singh came out to receive him back from his four-year-long odyssey. A shrine commemorative of the first meeting of Tegh Bahadur and Gobind Singh was established here. Its present building was constructed during the 1970s and 1980s. An old well which is still in use and a dried stump of the Imli tree under which the sangat met Guru Tegh Bahadur still exists.

The Eastern and Western Courts on Janpath (Queensway) built to accommodate Indian legislators were Russell's work, as were the bungalows numbers 1,3,5,7 Lok Kalyan Marg, which now comprise 7, Lok Kalyan Marg, the official residence of the Indian Prime Minister. Russell also designed Safdarjung Airport, National Stadium, Delhi, and several colonial mansions and government housing in the area which is known as Lutyens' Delhi In 1931, he designed the round New Delhi General Post Office (Gole Dak Khana) building in the Gole Market locality. Situated inside a busy roundabout earlier known as Alexandra Place. He also designed the Pataudi Palace for the Nawabs of Pataudi, in Haryana.

Maha Manikya's early successors achieved considerable military success, conquering territory in Bengal, Assam and Burma. Tripura reached its zenith in the 16th century under such prominent kings as Dhanya Manikya and Vijaya Manikya II, with its lands stretching from the Garo Hills in the north to the Bay of Bengal in the south. As monarchs of a Hindu kingdom, the Manikyas developed a rivalry with the successive Muslim rulers of Bengal, coming into conflict with Sultans, governors and Nawabs before being brought under Mughal suzerainty in the early 17th century. As Mughal power waned, the antagonism with Bengal re- erupted, which drove the Manikyas to first approach the British for aid.

The Nawabs of Dhaka are known to have engaged them to transact their personal businesses openly or clandestinely as well as the European maritime companies, who used them as local representatives and their vakils (spokesperson or pleaders) to the royal courts. Khwaja Hafizullah, a merchant prince, laid the foundations for the Dhaka Nawab Family by accumulating wealth by doing business with Greek and Armenian merchants. This trend was followed by his nephew and the first Nawab of the family Khwaja Alimullah.M Ali Akbar, Dhaka Nawab Estate, Banglapedia, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Initially they lived in the neighborhoods of Moulvibazar and Nolgola, before moving to Armanitola.

Hyderabad State became princely state in British India 1798. The Nawabs of Bengal had become the de facto rulers of Bengal following the decline of Mughal Empire. However, their rule was interrupted by Marathas who carried out six expeditions in Bengal from 1741 to 1748, as a result of which Bengal became a tributary state of Marathas. On 23 June 1757, Siraj ud-Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal was betrayed in the Battle of Plassey by Mir Jafar. He lost to the British, who took over the charge of Bengal in 1757, installed Mir Jafar on the Masnad (throne) and established itself to a political power in Bengal.

The early modern period began in the 16th century, when the Mughal Empire conquered most of the Indian subcontinent, becoming the biggest global economy and manufacturing power, with a nominal GDP that valued a quarter of the world GDP, superior to the combination of Europe's GDP.Maddison, Angus (2003): Development Centre Studies The World Economy Historical Statistics: Historical Statistics, OECD Publishing, , pp. 259–261 The Mughals suffered a gradual decline in the early 18th century, which provided opportunities for the Marathas, Sikhs, Mysoreans, and Nawabs of Bengal to exercise control over large regions of the Indian subcontinent.History of Mysore Under Hyder Ali and Tippoo Sultan by Joseph Michaud p.

Ahmad Shah Abdali asked for help from his fellow Muslim Nawabs and Jagirdars against the armies of Marathas and Jats, who were killing and occupying Muslim areas following the death of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Nawab Najabat Khan joined the army of Ahmad Shah Abdali and participated in the Third Battle of Panipat, there at the hands of Marathas he was killed on 17 January 1761. His direct descendant the last Nawab of Kunjpura, Nawab Ibrahim Ali Khan, migrated to Lahore in Pakistan, and died in 1953. The Salar (Sar) Khel tribe consider themselves to be related to Nawab Najabat Khan through his elder brother Zabita Khan.

The earliest music in Bengal was influenced by Sanskrit chants, and evolved under the influence of Vaishnav poetry such as the 13th-century Gitagovindam by Jayadeva, whose work continues to be sung in many eastern Hindu temples. The Middle Ages saw a mixture of Hindu and Islamic trends when the musical tradition was formalized under the patronage of Sultan and Nawabs and the powerful landlords baro bhuiyans. Much of the early canon is devotional, as in the Hindu devotional songs of Ramprasad Sen a bhakta who captures the Bengali ethos in his poetic, rustic, and ecstatic vision of the Hindu goddess of time and destruction in her motherly incarnation, Ma Kali. Another writer of the time was Vidyapati.

Akbar summoned Rajpandit Chandrapati Thakur to Delhi and asked him to name one of his sons who could be made caretaker and tax collector for his lands in Mithila. Chandrapati Thakur named his middle son, Mahesh Thakur, and Akbar declared Mahesh Thakur as the caretaker of Mithila on the day of Ram Navami in 1557 AD. The Raj Darbhanga used its military to help the Nawabs in suppressing rebellions from Bettiah, the chieftains of the Terai and Banjaras. The first king of this dynasty helped Mughals to uproot Oiniwar dynasty from Mithila. The Raj Darbhanga also made the Sena chiefs of Makwanpur in Nepal their subordinates with the Sena's having to pay tribute to the Rajas of Darbhanga.

Lucknow gharānā, also known as "Purab gharâna", is one of the six main gharānās or styles in tabla. It is characterized by the full usage of the palm besides the fingers, resonant sounds, and the use of ring and little fingers on the Dayan (treble drum). The Gharana branched out of the Delhi gharānā when the two brothers Modu Khan and Bakshu Khan, the third generation of the lineage of Delhi's Mia Siddhar Khan, moved to Lucknow, due to political disturbances in Delhi, while one brother Makkhu Khan stayed on in Delhi. In Lucknow, the Nawabs (Muslim princes) mainly patronised Kathak, a classical dance form of the North accompanied by the pakhavaj, the still living ancestor of tabla.

The Mughal Empire was the world's largest economy in the 17th century, larger than Qing China and Western Europe, with Mughal India producing about a quarter of the world's economic and industrial output. In the 18th century, Mughal power had become severely limited. By the mid-18th century, the Marathas had routed Mughal armies and invaded several Mughal provinces from the Punjab to Bengal. By this time, the dominant economic powers in the Indian subcontinent were Bengal Subah under the Nawabs of Bengal and the South Indian Kingdom of Mysore under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan, before the former was devastated by the Maratha invasions of Bengal, leading to the economy of the Kingdom of Mysore overtaking Bengal.

After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, Amb became fully independent, and remained so for the rest of 1947, but on 31 December the Nawab acceded his state to Pakistan.Z. H. Zaidi, CHRONOLOGY OF ACCESSION OF STATES TO PAKISTAN in Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers: The States (Quaid-i-Azam Papers Project, 1993), p. xxxix Amb continued to be a semi-autonomous state within Pakistan until 1969, when following the death of the Nawab it was incorporated into the North West Frontier Province (now known as Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa). In 1971 formal recognition of the royal status and titles of the Nawabs by the Government of Pakistan also came to an end.

The Jats through Jujhar Singh and Rajputs through Sardul Singh agreed upon a proposal to fight united against Muslim rulers and if the Nawab were defeated Jujhar Singh would be appointed the Chieftain. Jujhar Singh one day found the right opportunity and attacked Nawabs at Jhunjhunu and Narhar. He defeated the army of Nawab Sadulla Khan on Saturday, aghan sudi 8 samvat 1787 (1730 AD). According to the book ‘Rankeshari Jujhar Singh’, written by Kunwar Panne Singh, Jujhar Singh was appointed as Chieftain after holding a darbar. After the ‘tilak’ ceremony of appointment as a sardar or chieftain, the Rajputs could not digest it and killed Jujhar Singh in 1730 AD at a lonely place.

However, Bangash-held Farrukhabad suffered from a steep economic and political decline under the British Company Raj, because the British colonial officers ordered to close the famed Farrukhabad mint and halt the bullion trade in 1824 as part of their policy to centralize the economy of India. The abolition of the mint dealt a heavy blow to the thriving grain trade and precipitated a monetary crisis in the urban and rural areas of the region. The Bangash Nawabs continued to rule Farrukhabad until they were defeated by the British at Kannauj on 23 October 1857 during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Today, many Bangash are settled in Uttar Pradesh, most notably in Farrukhabad.

Dost Mohammad Khan Orakzai (1707–1728), founder of the Bhopal State (from a painting at Golghar Museum) Taj Mahal palace at Bhopal, built by Shah Jahan Begum (1868–1901) The Orakzai tribe is historically closely related to the Bangash; their traditional homeland (Orakzai District) was part of Bangash district. In 1723, Dost Mohammad Khan, who belonged to the Orakzai tribe and was formerly a mercenary in the Mughal army, founded the Bhopal State in the present-day Madhya Pradesh state of central India. After his death in 1728, his descendants, the Nawabs of Bhopal, continued ruling the state. Between 1819 and 1926, the state was ruled by four women – the Nawab Begums – unique in the royalty of those days.

This provided opportunities for the powerful Mysore Kingdom, Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad, Maratha Empire, Sikh Empire, Nizams of Hyderabad to exercise control over large regions of the Indian subcontinent. After the Battle of Plassey, Battle of Buxar and the long Anglo-Mysore Wars, the East India Company ended up seizing control of the entire Indian subcontinent. By the end of the 18th century, European powers, mainly the British Empire, commenced to extend political influence over the Muslim world, as well as extending into the Indian subcontinent, and by the end of the 19th century, much of the Muslim world as well as the Indian subcontinent, came under European colonial domination, most notably the British Raj.

Avadh, a princely state of India, was established around 1722 AD with Faizabad as its capital and Saadat Ali Khan I as its first Nawab and progenitor of Nawabs of Awadh. He laid the foundation for his own palace at Saket on the outskirt of ancient city of Ayodhya, and renamed that city to Faizabad, which became the capital of the new government. Due to his management policy state's income rose from Rs.7 to 20 million. Faizabad further developed as a township during the reign of Safdar Jang, the second nawab of Avadh (1739–54), who made it his military headquarters while his successor Shuja-ud-daula made it full-fledged capital city.

During the British Raj, the North Arcot district formed a key province in the then Madras Presidency, under the control of the Nawabs of Arcot. The region of Arcot under the control of the Mughal regime in India was under the jagir or fiefdom of the Subah of Arcot. The famous Palar river intersects the region and the portion of Arcot to the north of the Palar came to be known as North Arcot. It is described as an inland district on the eastern side of the Madras Presidency, lying between 12 degrees 20 mins and 13 degrees and 55 mins North and 78 degrees and 14 mins and 79 degrees and 59 minutes E, with an area of .

A trading post had been established in the area of Calcutta at the end of the seventeenth century by the East India Company, who purchased the three small villages that would later form the base of the city, and began construction of Fort William to house a garrison. In 1717 they had been granted immunity from taxation throughout Bengal by the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar. The city flourished, with a large volume of trade travelling down the Ganges River.Bedford (1997) The attitude of the Nawabs of Bengal, the regional governors of the territory, had been one of limited toleration towards the European traders (the French and Dutch as well as the British); they were permitted to trade, but taxed heavily.

Sufi Shah Inayat's rising influence among his followers in the area of lower Sindh (Thatta Sarkar) caused much discontent in Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro. The latter enjoyed political sway over Bakhar Sarkar (Northern Sindh) and Sehwan Sarkar (Central Sindh) and thus wanted to control over Thatta Sarkar which was still under the rule of Mughal Nawabs. Kalhoro, the first ruler of Kalhora dynasty, strove to consolidate his power across Sindh, but found the social movement of Sufi Shah Inayat a hurdle in realizing his ambition. Thus he, along with other influential landlords, and Pirs of Dargah succeeded in persuading the Delhi government to act against Shah Inayat and his followers for their rebellion against the Mughal Empire.

The Mughal court had access to European prints and other art, and these had increasing influence, shown in the gradual introduction of aspects of Western graphical perspective, and a wider range of poses in the human figure. Some Western images were directly copied or borrowed from. As the courts of local Nawabs developed, distinct provincial styles with stronger influence from traditional Indian painting developed in both Muslim and Hindu princely courts. The arts of jewelry and hardstone carving of gemstones, such as jasper, jade, adorned with rubies, diamonds and emeralds are mentioned by the Mughal chronicler Abu'l Fazl, and a range of examples survive; the series of hard stone daggers in the form of horses’ heads is particularly impressive.

During this time he came in close contact of Murshid Quli Khan and secured his confidence. Which is why the naib (later ruler of Bengal) trusted him and let him set up the dynasty. Just a few zamindars controlled half of the total landed property of Bengal and in 1793 British East India company has abolished Nizamat (local rule by nawabs appointed y the Mughal emperor) and has taken complete control of the province of Bengal. The colonial state viewed these princely zamindaris as potential threats to the security of the new state, because their power were so great that they could at any opportune moment combine and put the colonial state in great jeopardy.

"The Jungle Prince of Delhi" was nominated for the 2020 Pulitzer Prize and won the 2019 Bertrand Russell Prize. Journalist Saeed Naqvi described how he, like many other Indian journalists, had "dismissed Ellen's pursuit as a "foreigner's" quest for the exotic" and lamented the fact that no Indian journalist had investigated the family. He stated that many parts of the story were of "dubious veracity", highlighting that the family surname, Butt, belonged to the Sunni community of Muslims, and not the Shia, which the Nawabs of Awadh belonged to. In July 2020, Barry announced that Mira Nair would be adapting "The Jungle Prince of Delhi" as a web series for Amazon Studios.

Harlan never hid his dislike of the Company, which he charged had no interest in the welfare of the Indians as the Company sought to maximize profits for its shareholders, and had politically emasculated the Indian maharajahs and nawabs, reducing them down to mere ceremonial rulers without power. Harlan had an ambivalent attitude towards royalty, on one hand being fiercely proud that his country was a republic, and on the other having a romantic, sentimental love of the pomp and ceremony of a monarchy; nevertheless, he wanted to go to the Punjab and Afghanistan in part to see lands where the monarchs had real power, instead of the marionettes maintained by the Company.

During the Mughal Empire in the 17th century, under the rule of Akbar the district formed part of the Sarkar of Khairabad in the Subah of Oudh. The later history of the 17th century under the Nawabs of Awadh, is of the rise and decline of individual ruling families. In the year 1801, when Rohilkhand was ceded to the British, part of this district was included in the cession, but after the Anglo–Nepalese War of 1814-1816 it was restored to Oudh. On the annexation of Oudh in 1856 the west of the present area was formed into a district called Mohammadi and the east into Mallanpur, which also included part of Sitapur.

The Delhi Durbar of 1877. The Viceroy of India is seated on the dais to the left. This illustration depicts some of the shān- o-shaukat (pomp and show) of the imperial assemblage in Delhi in January 1877 Called the "Proclamation Durbar", the Durbar of 1877, for which the organisation was undertaken by Thomas Henry Thornton, was held beginning on 1 January 1877 to proclaim Queen Victoria as Empress of India by the British. The 1877 Durbar was largely an official event and not a popular occasion with mass participation like later durbars in 1903 and 1911. It was attended by the 1st Earl of Lytton—Viceroy of India, maharajas, nawabs and intellectuals.

Mansoor Hasan was born in 1938 in Aligarh district, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, in a socially known Pathan family which migrated from the Afghan mountains in the 17th century. His father, Ajmal Hasan Khan, a medical practitioner, was the grand son of Abdul Majeed Khwaja, who co-founded Jamia Millia Islamia and his mother came from the family of the Nawabs of Bhopal. He did his early schooling in Aligarh and completed intermediate examination from the Government College there. His graduate studies were in London which was followed by higher studies at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh from where he obtained the degree of MRCP in 1964.

Following the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in the early 1700s, the proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal became a semi-independent state under the Nawabs of Bengal. The region was later conquered by the British East India Company at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. The region was a hotbed of the Indian independence movement and has remained one of India's great artistic and intellectual centres. Following widespread religious conflict, the Bengal Legislative Council and the Bengal Legislative Assembly voted on the Partition of Bengal in 1947 along religious lines into two independent dominions: West Bengal, a Hindu-majority Indian state, and East Bengal, a Muslim-majority province of Pakistan which later became the independent Bangladesh.

The famous Peacock Throne, the Daria-i-Noor diamond and unimaginable wealth was looted. In addition, elephants, horses and everything that was liked was taken. Muhammad Shah also had to hand over his daughter Jahan Afruz Banu Begum as a bride for Nader Shah's youngest son. Asaf Jah I retired to Deccan after installing his eldest son Intizam-ud-Daula as a major commander in the Mughal Army Digital Library of India Accessed 7 January 2012 After the whole event, Muhammad Shah was crowned as emperor by Nader Shah himself on 12 May, and he ceded the area west of river Indus to Nader Shah, although the Kalhora Nawabs of Sindh continued to fight the invading Afsharids.

Main street of Patna, Company style, c. 1814-15 CE. After the Battle of Buxar, 1764, the Mughals as well as the Nawabs of Bengal lost effective control over the territories then constituting the province of Bengal, which currently comprises the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, as also some parts of Bangladesh. The East India Company was accorded the diwani rights (right to collect revenue), that is, the right to administer the collection and management of revenues of the province of Bengal, and parts of Oudh, currently comprising a large part of Uttar Pradesh. The diwani rights were legally granted by Shah Alam, who was then ruling sovereign Mughal emperor of Undivided India.

The political history of the district commences with the Mauryas in the 4th century BC. The district of Chittoor was not a homogeneous administrative unit up to 1911. Its component parts were under the control of various principal dynasties at different periods of times, namely, the Mauryas, Satavahanas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas, Cholas, Pandyas, Royal of Vijayanagara, Qutub Shahis, Mughals, Asof Jahis, Marathas, Hyder Ali and Tipu of Mysore, and the British, besides minor dynasties such as the Renande Cholas, Banas, Vaidumbas, Nolambas, Western Gangas, Yadavas, Telugu Cholas, Matlis, Uttama Chola, Andiyaman, Siyaganga rulers, Nawabs of Kadapa and Arcot. The Zamindars of Karvetinagar, Srikalahasthi, Punganur and Kangundhi also ruled over this district.

Prince Mirza Jawan Bakht grew up during very turbulent times in the Mughal Empire, his grandfather's relations with the Maratha backed Grand Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk had begun to worsen as the imperial Nawabs sought to re-centralize the empire. The Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk was clearly a man of no principles and was commonly criticized for his extreme selfishness. He put all the imperial revenues into his own pocket and starved the Alamgir II's family for three days because Timur Shah Durrani had become the son-in-law of the emperor. Mirza Jawan Bakht often recalled the days he wandered around Delhi begging for food supplies and firewood during those three days.

The Nawabs of Awadh were semi-autonomous rulers within the fragmented polities of Mughal India after the death of Aurangzeb. They fought wars with the Peshwa, the Battle of Bhopal against the Maratha Confederacy which was opposed to the Mughal Empire, and the Battle of Karnal as courtiers of the "Great Moghul". The Nawab of Awadh, along with many other Nawab were regarded as members of the nobility of the greater Mughal Empire. They joined Ahmad Shah Durrani during the Third Battle of Panipat and restored the imperial throne Shah Alam II. The Nawab of Awadh also fought the Battle of Buxar in the aftermath of the Battle of Plassey, preserving the interests of the Moghul.

The Writers' Building was designed by Thomas Lyon in 1777 for the EIC, which wanted to consolidate its trading operations in India and centralize the tax operations the EIC undertook in Mughal Bengal. Over time, as British mercantile interest in India grew and the EIC defeated the Nawabs of Bengal, it was repurposed as the effective headquarters of the EIC and later the entire British Raj in the Indian subcontinent. For more than 200 years the building served as the centre of British power and claims, as the seat of government of the Bengal Presidency and later the province of Bengal. In the early part of the twentieth century, the building was the site of agitations, violence and assassination attempts during the Indian independence movement.

Mail armour was introduced by the Turks in late 12th century and commonly used by Turk and the Mughal and Suri armies where it eventually became the armour of choice in India. Indian mail was constructed with alternating rows of solid links and round riveted links and it was often integrated with plate protection (mail and plate armour). Mail and plate armour was commonly used in India until the Battle of Plassey by the Nawabs of Bengal and the subsequent British conquest of the sub-continent. The Ottoman Empire and the other Islamic Gunpowders used mail armour as well as mail and plate armour, and it was used in their armies until the 18th century by heavy cavalry and elite units such as the Janissaries.

Barha was the second son of the Nawab of Ajmer, Sayyid Mian Abdullah Khan I. His family were descendants of the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Ali, and after migrating in ancient times to India, the family quickly became established as nobles of the sword a status they held under various empires, notably including the Delhi Sultanate and later the Sur Empire. Under the Mughals the family was firmly regarded as old nobility and by the reign of Aurangzeb they held the prestige of being Nawabs of Ajmer or Dakhin, premier realms typically reserved for princes of blood. He started his early career as a Faujdar under Aurangzeb's reign and eventually gained higher positions after backing Bahadur Shah I in the succession war ensuing Aurangzeb's death.

By the turn of the 18th century, the political landscape had become better defined: the northwestern hills were being ruled by the Nayaka rulers of Ikkeri the southwestern, in the Western Ghats, by the Rajas of Coorg, the southern plains by the Wodeyar rulers of Mysore, all of which were Hindu dynasties; and the eastern and northeastern regions by the Muslim Nawabs of Arcot and Sira. Of these, Ikkeri and Coorg were independent, Mysore, although much-expanded, was formally a Mughal dependency, and Arcot and Sira, Mughal subahs (or provinces). Mysore's expansions had been based on unstable alliances. When the alliances began to unravel, as they did during the next half-century, political decay set in, presided over by politically and militarily inept kings.

About 1527, Humayun occupied Khairabad, then the chief town; but it was not until the accession of Akbar that the Afghans were driven out of the neighborhood. Under Akbar, the present district formed the part of four Sarkars - Khairabad, Bahraich, Oudh, and Lucknow - all located in the Subah of Oudh. Khairabad was held for sometime by the rebels of Oudh in 1567 but throughout the Mughal period and the rule of Nawabs and Kings of Oudh, the district is seldom referred to by the native historians.[1] Early in nineteenth century, it was governed by Hakim Mahdi Ali Khan, a capable minister of Naseerundden Haider, and some years later Sleeman noted that it was unusually quiet as far as great landholders were concerned.

The late 18th-century in Dhaka hosted the migration of Mirza Jan Tapish and other Urdu poets from Delhi migrating to the urban hub after an invitation from Shams ad-Daulah, the Naib Nazim of Dhaka. Poetry and literature in Urdu grew popularity in Dhaka with the presence of organisations such as the Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu and the patronising of it by Dhaka's Nawabs, Sardars and Zamindars such as Khwaja Abdul Ghani and Mir Ashraf Ali. The 19th-century poet Mirza Ghalib of Agra was a close friend of Dhaka's poet Khwaja Haider Jan Shayek. The collaboration between Ghalib and Shayek was collected and compiled by Hakim Habibur Rahman, a later Urdu poet of Dhaka, in his book Inshaye Shayek.

The resurgent Hindu Maratha Empire launched brutal raids against the prosperous Bengali state in the 18th century, which further added to the decline of the Nawabs of Bengal. A decade of ruthless Maratha invasions of Bengal from the 1740s to early 1750s forced the Nawab of Bengal to pay Rs. 1.2 million of tribute annually as the Chauth of Bengal and Bihar to the Marathas, and the Marathas agreed not to invade Bengal again.OUM. pp. 16, 17 The expeditions, led by Raghuji Bhonsle of Nagpur, also established the De facto Maratha control over Orissa, which was formally incorporated in the Maratha Dominion in 1752. The Nawab of Bengal also paid Rs. 3.2 million to the Marathas, towards the arrears of chauth for the preceding years.

Dr. Baloch had long claimed that the Pakistani government was committing acts of genocide against the Baloch people, and that Islamabad's aim was to plunder the province's vast mineral resources. In January 2014 he released a letter appealing to the United States and Israel for direct assistance in preventing an alleged "killing spree of Baloch people" by the "Pakistani army". In May 2014, Dr. Baloch disbanded the BSO-NA, claiming that the War of Independence of Balochistan was actually a "war of independence of Khans, Nawabs and Sardars". He has since formed the Baloch Council of North America (BCN), which has dedicated itself to working with all democratic and nationalist forces in Pakistan to secure Baloch rights through democratic, nonviolent means, within the federation of Pakistan.

Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah surrendered much of his territory to the East India Company which firmly established the British in the northern parts. In 1762, a tripartite treaty was signed between Thanjavur Maratha, Carnatic, and the British by which Thanjavur became a vassal of the Nawab of the Carnatic which eventually ceded to the British. In the south, Nawabs granted taxation rights to the British which led to conflicts between British and the Palaiyakkarar, which resulted in series of wars called Polygar war to establish independent states by the aspiring Palaiyakkarar. Puli Thevar was one of the earliest opponents of the British rule in South India. Thevar's prominent exploits were his confrontations with Marudhanayagam, who later rebelled against the British in the late 1750s and early 1760s.

It is believed that Rost was first made in Old Dhaka (the then capital of Bengal Subah) made by Muslim chefs for the Nawabs and Zamindars of the city. It was made to combine the Mughlai cuisine and Bengali cuisine, using the large amount of foreign spices such as saffron and extensive amount of ghee and the traditional Bengali spices and sweetness used in Bengal. The dish was largely confined within the Old City but after the creation of East Bengal and Assam when Dhaka was made the Provincial capital, dishes of the city started to become popular as more people travelled in and out of the city. After the creation of East Bengal the dish became one of the most popular dish in the province.

Grand Son Nawabzada Fahad Khan I of Nawabzada Dr Sher Bahadar Khan's Protocol Residence Nawabs Fort The term Nawab of Sarhad refers to the lineage of rulers of the princely state of Dawar North Wazirs and some other cities in Pakistan, but most commonly refers to the 6th nawab Gulmaizar Khan Nawab Gulmaizar Khan was lord and prince from Dawar Family and later known for his strongest army against British Raj in Subah Sarhad (Sarhad Province). The 6th nawab, was given Awardly name of General by British Lord. He also spread the new education system, also he was given the name The Protector by British Empire. Nawabzada Sher Bahadar Khan, son of the 6th nawab, was made the successive nawab in 1951.

When an Indian ruler, who was able to secure his territory, wanted to enter such an alliance, the company welcomed it as an economical method of indirect rule, which did not involve the economic costs of direct administration or the political costs of gaining the support of alien subjects. In return, the company undertook the "defense of these subordinate allies and treated them with traditional respect and marks of honor." Subsidiary alliances created the princely states, of the Hindu maharajas and the Muslim nawabs. Prominent among the princely states were: Cochin (1791), Jaipur (1794), Travancore (1795), Hyderabad (1798), Mysore (1799), Cis-Sutlej Hill States (1815), Central India Agency (1819), Cutch and Gujarat Gaikwad territories (1819), Rajputana (1818), and Bahawalpur (1833).

A Shikar party in Mandalay, Burma, soon after the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Burmese War in 1886, when Burma was annexed to British India During the feudal and colonial times in British India, hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas and nawabs, as well as British officers, maintained a whole corps of shikaris (big-game hunters), who were native professional hunters. They would be headed by a master of the hunt, who might be styled mir-shikar. Often, they recruited the normally low-ranking local tribes because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques. Big game, such as Bengal tigers, might be hunted from the back of an elephant.

Iftikhar Ali Khan was born at Pataudi House in Delhi, into the family of the Nawabs of Pataudi, a small () non-salute princely state near Delhi, located in the present-day Indian state of Haryana. The Pataudi family traces their origin to Faiz Talab Khan, an ethnic Pashtun from the Barech tribe of Kandahar, Afghanistan, who became the first Nawab of the Pataudi State in 1804.The Hindu, Sunday, 3 Aug 2003 - Royal vignettes: Pataudi: The Afghan connection Iftikhar Ali Khan was the elder son of Nawab Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan of Pataudi and his wife Shahar Bano Begum, daughter of Amiruddin Ahmad Khan, the Nawab of Loharu. Thus he was related to great Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib as well as later day Pakistan prime minister, Liaqat Ali Khan.

Shuja ud-Din marched at the head of a large army towards Murshidabad, the capital of the Nawabs of Bengal. To avoid a conflict in the family, the dowager Begum of Murshid Quli Khan intervened; and her son-in-law Shuja-ud-Din ascended to the Masnad of Bengal after Sarfaraz Kahn abidicated in favour of his father. By August 1727, Shuja-ud-Din was firmly established and recognised as the second Nawab of Bengal. As a sign of gratitude for supporting him, he sent a huge amount of money from his revenue collection to the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah and in return the Mughals recognised him as Motamul ul-Mulk (Guardian of the country), Shuja ud-Daula (Hero of the state) and Asad Jang (Lion in War), establishing diplomatic ties.

He found on a careful scrutiny of the accounts submitted that the French had over- reached themselves in collecting taxes, and that they extorted gratuities from the Nawabs and Palaiyakkarars (polygars) and oppressed the people in general. When Dupleix was informed of this he sent the following letter of admonition to the French officers; De Bussy realised that the irresponsible and arrogant manner of the French soldiers had alienated the people from them and that intrigues were afoot in the court against the French.Syed Lashkar Khan, the Marathas, especially Janu Nimbalkar and Raja Ram Chander, and the English at Fort St. George were interested in ousting, the French power from the Deccan. Syed Lashkar Khan, even after the arrival of Bussy, did not desist from plotting against the French.

Following the collapse of the Mughal Empire after the Mughal- Maratha Wars, the emergence of the Sikh Empire and the invasions of Nader Shah, Ahmad Shah Durrani and the British East India Company, prosperous provinces of the Mughal Empire such as Awadh, Bengal, Hyderabad and Mysore emerged as powerful regional states independent of Delhi. In Awadh (encompassing modern eastern Uttar Pradesh), Lucknow emerged as a centre of Ganga-Jamuni culture and Urdu/Hindustani literature. The Nawabs of Awadh sponsored the construction of architectural masterpieces such as Bara Imambara, Rumi Darwaza, Chota Imambara, Sikandar Bagh and Ghantaghar in Lucknow, as well as Gulab Bari and Bahu Begum ka Maqbara in Faizabad. In Hyderabad, the Asaf Jahi dynasty became exceedingly wealthy and were one of the richest royal families in the world by the mid-20th century.

Most of the Muslim buildings of Faizabad are attributed to her. From the date of Bahu Begum's death in 1815 till the annexation of Avadh, the city of Faizabad gradually fell into decay. The glory of Faizabad finally eclipsed with the shifting of capital from Faizabad to Lucknow by Nawab Asaf-ud-daula. The Nawabs of Awadh were a Persian Shia Muslim dynasty from Nishapur,Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam By Juan Ricardo ColeArt and culture: endeavours in interpretation By Ahsan Jan Qaisar, Som Prakash Verma, Mohammad Habib who not only encouraged the existing Persian-language belle-lettrist activity to shift from Delhi, but also invited, and received, a steady stream of scholars, poets, jurists, architects, and painters from Iran.

The title was translated by the British as meaning "Prince", "Lord" or "Master".. The title was often used by rulers of Jagirs as well as Princes of Blood of both Hindu Rajput States, as well as Muslim Princely States. The title held pre-eminence in Sindh where it was used by the dynasts of the former Royal dynasties of Kahlora dynasty and Soomro and held in that capacity by the former Soomro Prime Minister of Pakistan Muhammad Mian Soomro.. The title was prominent in the Himalayan region as well as regions adjacent to it. The British noted in the Gurdaspur Imperial Gazetteer that the title Mian held the highest rank above Malik or Chaudhry within the Gurdaspur District of Punjab. The title was also often given to sons of Nawabs.

Indian nautch girls from Kashmir in the 1870s A nautch girl is a dancer who makes a living by entertaining men, women and children of all social classes, regions, castes and religions on various occasions including parties, weddings, christenings, religious ceremonies, and other social events. Their dances were simplified combination of kathak, dasi attam and folk dance. Wandering troops of nautch girls often traveled to different places, performed impromptu roadside dance performances or just turned up uninvited to perform at the homes of their richer patrons who were customarily obliged to pay them. They performed everywhere, in the homes of their patrons, public places or on stage, also in Mughal courts, palaces of nawabs, mahals (castles) of rajas, bungalows of British Raj officers, homes of nobles, havelis (mansions) of zamindars (landowners) and many other places.

Accordingly, the rules of the Secunderabad Club mention that the Salar Jungs lineal descendants will be made members of Secunderabad Club without ballot or admission fee which is followed to this day. The Club is situated in the Tokatta village, which was Salar Jung’s Jagir. The historical papers and documents speak of Cantonment Area which is most of Secunderabad, but when the areas were handed over for Administration purpose only to the Britishers, the farwans or law promulgated by the Nizam states that those areas, which are under the occupation of his Nawabs and Jagirdhars, will not be disturbed by the Britishers. Until 1947, there were only British Presidents of the Club and a few high-ranking nobility were offered membership and were members of the Secunderabad Club.

A controversial aspect of East India Company rule was the doctrine of lapse, a policy under which lands whose feudal ruler died (or otherwise became unfit to rule) without a male biological heir (as opposed to an adopted son) would become directly controlled by the Company and an adopted son would not become the ruler of the princely state. This policy went counter to Indian tradition where, unlike Europe, it was far more the accepted norm for a ruler to appoint his own heir. The doctrine of lapse was pursued most vigorously by the Governor-General Sir James Ramsay, 10th Earl (later 1st Marquess) of Dalhousie. Dalhousie annexed seven states, including Awadh (Oudh), whose Nawabs he had accused of misrule, and the Maratha states of Nagpur, Jhansi, Satara, Sambalpur, and Thanjavur.

During the period of proto-industrialization, when Bengal was ruled by emperor Aurangzeb's relatives such as Subedar Shaista Khan, Muhammad Azam Shah, and Azim-ush-Shan, the region was fully ruled through Fatwa Alamgiri, a hybrid body of Hanafi law based on sharia and was controversially described as the Paradise of the Nations. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad ruled over Bengal and Odisha. Nawab Alivardi Khan came victorious against the Maratha Empire in the battle of Battle of Burdwan. Following the Battle of Plassey and the execution of the last independent ruler Siraj ud-Daulah, the British East India Company overtook Bengal, and the Bengal Presidency was established, ruled by Robert Clive, and the subdivision remained as the economic, cultural and educational hub of the British Raj.

Krishnagiri Fort was besieged in the first Anglo-Mysore war in 1768, and finally surrendered to the English, who held it briefly After the Battle of Buxar the British led by Hector Monro decided to support the Maratha Confederacy against the Shah Alam II, the Nawabs and Mysore. As the power struggle between Mysore and the Peshwa continued it soon began to involve the British and other European mercantile companies. Being himself a former ally of the French, Hyder Ali expected the support of the British against the Marathas, but to no avail. In 1766 Mysore began to become drawn into territorial and diplomatic disputes between the Nizam of Hyderabad and the British East India Company, which had by then become the dominant European colonial power on the Indian east coast.

The objectives of this movement was to establish an Islamic state where the Muslim community could observe pure teachings of Islam. At that time, much of North India was ruled by the British. So this movement leadership concluded that they should move to an area with less control of the British and with large majority of Muslim population - North-West Frontier region which is now called Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region was chosen to carry out this experimentation, based on the assumption that being devout Muslims, the Pakhtuns would support the reformist movement.".Past present: The intolerant invaders Dawn (newspaper), Published 12 June 2013, Retrieved 16 August 2018 When the action began, some Muslim nawabs, like Amir Khan of Tonk, provided funds but did not join them for jihad.

Veer Kunwar Singh, during India's First War of Independence in 1857, he led a select band of armed soldiers against the troops under the command of the British East India Company. After the Battle of Buxar, 1764, which was fought in Buxar, hardly 115 km from Patna, the Mughals as well as the Nawabs of Bengal lost effective control over the territories then constituting the province of Bengal, which currently comprises Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha. The British East India Company was accorded the diwani rights, that is, the right to administer the collection and management of revenues of the province of Bengal, and parts of Oudh, currently comprising a large part of Uttar Pradesh. The diwani rights were legally granted by Shah Alam, who was then the sovereign Mughal emperor of India.

The Rampur Raza Library (Rāmpur Razā Kitāb _Kh_ āna) located in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India is a repository of Indo-Islamic cultural heritage and a treasure-house of knowledge established in the last decades of the 18th century. It was built up by successive Nawabs of Rampur and is now managed by the Government of India on the name of Raza Ali Khan of Rampur. It contains very rare and valuable collection of manuscripts, historical documents, specimens of Islamic calligraphy, miniature paintings, astronomical instruments and rare illustrated works in Arabic and Persian. Rampur's Raza Library also contains printed works in Sanskrit, Hindi, Urdu, Pashto (having the original manuscript of the first translation of the Qur'an in addition to other important books/documents), Tamil and Turkish, and approximately 30,000 printed books (including periodicals) in various other languages.

Aurangzeb sent Jai Singh I to crush the revolting Khanzada chief Ikram Khan,Jagirdar of Tijara a descendant of Raja Nahar Khan(through his son Malik Alaudin Khan). After the death of Aurangzeb, Bahadurgarh and Farrukhnagar in the north were under the Baloch nawabs who were granted jagir in 1713 CE by Mughal king Farrukhsiyar, central area of Badshapur was under Hindu Badgujar Rajput king Hathi Singh and south including Nuh were under the great Jat king of Bharatpur State, Maharaja Suraj Mal. During Maratha Empire the area was conquered by their French generals in late 18th century and they granted Farukhnagar to George Thomas and Jharsa (Badshahpur) to Begum Sumro and south area including Nuh stayed under the Bharatpur Jat Kings and their vassal relatives, one of whom was Nahar Singh.Gazeteer of Gurgaon 1983 , Haryana Revenue Department, Chapter II, pp.35-45.

In 1684, Madras was once again elevated to the status of a Presidency and William Gyfford appointed the first President.India Office List 1905, Pg 121 In 1690, the East India Company purchased a promontory from Shahuji I, the [Mahratta Raja of Tanjaore], where they built Fort St. David, near Cuddalore. By 1700, there were English factories at Porto Novo, Madapollam, Vizagapatam, Anjengo, Tellicherry and Calicut. Although the East India Company managed to keep its distance from the politics of Peninsular India, as struggle involving the Mughals, the Mahrattas, the Nizams of Hyderabad and the Nawabs of the Carnatic, as also the European Companies,Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908, Vol 16, Pg 251 until 1740, when repercussion of the War of the Austrian Succession began to be felt in India, as a result of Dupleix's machinations to establish French paramountcy in Southern India.

Bangaru Tirumala still undaunted joined with the Tanjore Marathas to oust Chanda Sahib. Tanjore Kingdom was recently (1740) attacked and subjugated by Chanda Sahib, compelling them to cede Karaikal to the French, who were Chanda Sahib’s new ally. Also Chanda Sahib was left on his own by his Uncle Carnatic Nawab, but still suspicious over the former's ambitions. Bangaru Tirumala and the Tanjore King joined together and called in assistance of the Marathas of Satara in Bombay. These people having their own grievances against the Carnatic Nawabs (with whom Chanda Sahib was still identified) marched down with a vast army in the south in 1741, first defeating and killing the Nawab of Arcot in the Battle, later after a three months siege at Trichinopoly fort, took Chanda Sahib as a captive, killing both Chanda Sahib’s brothers.

Neel (indigo) started being grown commercially in Berar (today Bihar), Audi (today Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand) and Bengal in 1750 Being a cash crop which needed high amounts of water and which left the soil infertile, local farmers usually opposed its cultivation, instead preferring to grow daily need crops such as rice and pulses. Hence the British colonialists forced farmers to grow indigo, often by making this the condition for providing loans, and through collusion with local kings, nawabs, and landlords. The trade was lucrative and led to the fortunes of several Asian and European traders and companies, including Jardine Matheson, E.Pabaney, Sassoon, Wadias and Swire. As indigo trade to China was made illegal in the early 1900s and was restricted in the USA in 1910, indigo traders began to put force on indigo planters to increase production.

The Fort had a succession of Muslim rulers (Khaljis, Tughlaqs, Lodis, Nawabs of Bengal, followed by Mughal rulers, till it was finally acceded to the British by Mir Quasim (1760–72), after unseating his father-in-aw Mīr Jafar on the grounds of old age, for a monetary reward negotiated by Vansittart. This deal involved payment by the East India Company's merchants of an ad valorem duty of 9 percent, against an Indian merchant’s duty of 40%. The fort became a place of considerable importance to the British in Bengal till 1947 (India'a independence). The fort houses a number of religious and historic monuments such as the Tomb of Pir Shah Nufa (died 1497), Palace of Shah Suja, Tomb of Mulla Muhammad Said (died 1704 CE), the Kashtaharini Ghat on the Ganges River, Chandisthana (an ancient temple) and an 18th century British cemetery.

The graveyard of the Nawabs at Derawar Fort Bahawalpur along with other Cis-Sutlej states were a group of states, lying between the Sutlej River on the north, the Himalayas on the east, the Yamuna River and Delhi District on the south, and Sirsa District on the west. These states were ruled by the Scindhia dynasty as Vakil-e-Mutlaq of the Mughal Empire, various Sikh sardars and other Rajas of the Cis-Sutlej states paid tributes to the Marathas, until the Second Anglo- Maratha War of 1803–1805, after which the Marathas lost this territory to the British. As part of the 1809 Treaty of Amritsar, Ranjit Singh was confined to the right bank of the Sutlej. The first treaty with Bahawalpur was negotiated in 1833, the year after the treaty with Ranjit Singh for regulating traffic on the Indus.

The most prominent Mahal family was that of the Nawabs of Karnal. They first appear in history in 1780 A,D, when the family was residing at Samana, Nawab Majid-ul-daula granted to Nawab Sher-ul-din Khan, their ancestor, the parganas of Muzaffarnagar, Shoran and Chitrawal in the Muzaffarnagar District on condition that he furnished for Government service 200 horsemen fully equipped ; on the death of the grantee in 1789 the grant was continued on the same terms to his brother Mahomdi Khan by Daulat Rao Scindia.The annals of Karnal (1914) by Cecil Henry Buck In 1806 this Mahomdi Khan, his nephew Mahomed Ishaq and his cousin Ghairat AH Khan were in possession of these estates, and, in accordance with the policy of Lord Cornwalis, they were induced to accept a tract west of the Jumna in exchange. Thus the Mandals came to settle in Karnal.

Towards the close of the 17th century, the northernmost part of The Carnatic region was reduced by the armies of Aurangzeb, who in 1692 appointed Zulfikar Ali, Nawab of the Carnatic, with his seat at Arcot. Meanwhile, the Marathas power had begun to develop; in 1677 Shivaji had suppressed the last remnants of the Vijayanagar power in Vellore, Gingee and Kurnool, while his brother Venkoji, who in 1674 had overthrown the Nayaks of Tanjavur, established in that city a dynasty which lasted for a century. The collapse of the Delhi power after the death of Aurangzeb produced further changes. The Nawab Saadet-Allah of Arcot (1710–1732) established his independence; his successor Dost Ali (1732–1740) conquered and annexed Madura in 1736, and his successors were confirmed in their position as Nawabs of Northern Carnatic by the Nizam of Hyderabad after that potentate had established his power in South-Central India.

The dynasty is well known for the martial prowess of its members who always lead their armies from the vanguard. However, it is best remembered for its member's role as de facto rulers over most of South Asia at the start of the 18th Century, as well as their general tolerance to their non-Muslim subjects. The Nawabs of Rampur eliminated communal violence and during the Partition Riots when other rulers such as those of the Sikh States, Alwar and Bharatpur widely believed to have ordered the ethnic cleansing of their Muslim subjects, the Nawab however, strictly forbade his hot-blooded Pashtun nobles from committing reprisal attacks against non-Muslims. While the powerful Nawab Hussain Ali Khan and Nawab Abdullah Khan abolished poll tax against non-Muslims throughout India, brought the Marathas into the Mughal fold and helped win over Hindu Rajasthani rulers like Ajit Singh of Marwar.

The Russian Empire expanded in the Caucasus, central and far eastern Asia. The remaining powers in the Indian subcontinent such as the Kingdom of Mysore and its French allies, Nawabs of Bengal, Maratha Empire, Sikh Empire and the princely states of the Nizam of Hyderabad, suffered a massive decline, and their dissatisfaction with British East India Company's rule led to the Indian Rebellion of 1857, marking its dissolution, however, it was later ruled directly by the British Crown through the establishment of the British Raj. The British Empire grew rapidly in the first half of the century, especially with the expansion of vast territories in Canada, Australia, South Africa and heavily populated India, and in the last two decades of the century in Africa. By the end of the century, the British Empire controlled a fifth of the world's land and one-quarter of the world's population.

The grounds of the Nizamat Imambara Khushbagh is the cemetery of the last independent rulers of Murshidabad Panoramic view of Katra Masjid Of historic interest are Nizamat Kila (the Fortress of the Nawabs), also known as the Hazaarduari Palace (Palace of a Thousand Doors), built by Duncan McLeod of the Bengal Engineers in 1837, in the Italianate style, the Moti Jhil (Pearl Lake) just to the south of the palace, the Muradbagh Palace and the Khushbagh Cemetery, where the remains of Ali Vardi Khan and Siraj Ud Daulah are interred. Hazarduari Palace is located in the campus of Kila Nizamat of Murshidabad. It was built in the nineteenth century by architect Duncan Macleod, under the reign of Nawab Nazim Humayun Jah of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa (1824–1838). The foundation stone of the palace was laid on 9 August 1829, and that very day the construction work was started.

During its first century of operation, the focus of the company was trade, not the building of an empire in India. Following the First Anglo-Mughal War, the company interests turned from trade to territory during the 18th century as the Mughal Empire declined in power and the East India Company struggled with its French counterpart, the French East India Company (Compagnie française des Indes orientales) during the Carnatic Wars of the 1740s and 1750s in southern India. The battles of Plassey and Buxar, in which the company defeated the Nawabs of Bengal, left the company in control of the proto-industrialised Mughal Bengal with the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar, and a major military and political power in India. In the following decades it gradually increased the extent of the territories under its control, controlling the majority of the Indian subcontinent either directly or indirectly via local puppet rulers under the threat of force by its Presidency armies, much of which were composed of native Indian sepoys.

Two male great nawabs mud-puddling at Jayanti river bed, Buxa Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, India Upperside ground colour pale yellowish white. Forewing has the costal margin, the anterior part of the cell, a transverse bar at its apex, joining a broad line at base of interspace 3, and the whole apical half of the wing purplish black; the black area narrows posteriorly, extends to the tornus and bears the following yellowish-white spots: a spot beyond apex of cell, followed by two obliquely placed spots beyond, a postdiscal oblique and a subterminal erect series of spots. Hindwing: a postdiscal black band narrowing posteriorly, its inner margin slightly, its outer margin highly sinuous, traversed by an inner series of blue lunules, and an outer series of prominent yellowish-white spots; this is followed by a subterminal narrow band of blue and a terminal black line, both of these stop short of the tornus, which beyond the end of the postdiscal black hand is conspicuously yellowish white. Underside silvery white.