For instance, methadone and buprenorphine are medications that can treat narcotic drug addiction.
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The latest change is part of a 2016 law that added categories of practitioners who may prescribe the narcotic drug buprenorphine for maintenance or detoxification treatment, the DEA said in a statement.
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The Doi Tung Development Project, run by the Mae Fah Luang Foundation under Thai royal patronage, is held up by the United Nations as a model for ending narcotic drug cultivation and improving the lives of indigenous communities.
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" Kansas, for example, has a rape law that clearly states what Oklahoma's does not: It includes a line for when the victim "is incapable of giving consent because of the effect of any alcoholic liquor, narcotic, drug or other substance.
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OTTAWA (Reuters) - The Canadian government and the country's 10 provinces on Monday settled a disagreement on how to split the revenues from a proposed federal tax on marijuana sales once the narcotic drug is legalized next July, Finance Minister Bill Morneau said.
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" The bill also states that a defense from prosecution will be permitted if a woman is "actively enrolled in an addiction recovery program before the child is born, remained in the program after delivery, and successfully completed the program, regardless of whether the child was born addicted to or harmed by the narcotic drug.
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In Switzerland, khat is illegal. It is classified as a narcotic drug.
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In Poland, khat is a classified narcotic drug, and is illegal to use, sell and possess.
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Banned as a narcotic drug with a criminal penalty for possession of at least 10 mg.
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Lord was subsequently sentenced to 46 months in federal prison for financial scams related to illegal narcotic drug distribution.
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Bromo-DragonFLY is currently on the Norwegian narcotics list,. Thus it is effectively a narcotic drug by Norwegian law.
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In Russia bupropion is banned as a narcotic drug, yet not per se but rather as a derivative of methcathinone.
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After finding a weapon and a bag of cocaine, they also charged him with possession of a narcotic drug for sale and possession of drug paraphernalia.
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Edwards and Humphries were required to join a drug counseling program. Gondrezick pleaded guilty to tampering with a witness and received three-years of probation. Terrence Patrick Kelly pleaded guilty to one count of conspiring to sell a narcotic drug and was sentenced to 30 days in jail and five-years of probation. Wynn Lesure pleaded no contest to conspiracy to possess a narcotic drug and received three-years of probation.
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In Salas v. State,365 S.W.2d 174 (Tex. Crim. App. 1963) the defendant was convicted of being "unlawfully under the influence of a narcotic drug."365 S.W.2d at 175.
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In 1919, he was appointed by Gov. Al Smith as Narcotic Drug Control Commissioner. He was Manhattan Park Commissioner from 1927 to 1933. Judge D-Cady Herrick (1846–1926) was his half-brother.
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We hold that Congress had a rational > legislative purpose when it classified cocaine as a Schedule II narcotic > drug for the purpose of imposing penalties. JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.608 F.2d 1135 > . Bulk.resource.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-24.
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On February 8, 2013 Hollinquest was arrested in Maricopa County, Arizona for narcotic drug possession and use, possession and use of drug paraphernalia and driving with a suspended/revoked license. He has three kids, Chaz, Courtney and Kohl.
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Amidst a nationwide trend of cannabis prohibition, the State of Oregon outlawed cannabis in 1923. In 1935, the State of Oregon passed the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act, bringing Oregon's laws regarding cannabis in line with the majority of states.
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Include within the definition of narcotic drugs those narcotics that may be prepared synthetically (such as tropococaine) as well as those directly derived from opium and coca leaves. Provide for revocation of licenses for violations of the state narcotic law, making direct control of this phase of enforcement beyond the power of the federal government. Strengthen enforcement by making admissible as evidence what are normally privileged communications when they are used to procure unlawfully a narcotic drug. Require the return of the unused portion of a narcotic drug to the practitioner when no longer required as a medicine by the patient.
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US Department of Justice. Drug Enforcement Administration. April 1, 2010 A 1984 amendment to 21 USC (Controlled Substances Act), Section 802 expanded and revised definition of "narcotic drug", including within term poppy straw, cocaine, and ecgonine.Title 21 United States Code (USC) Controlled Substances Act.
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Hari is appointed as the second in command of Devan, who upon Devan's advice gives up his yajnopaveetham. James Kutty (Devan), a narcotic drug smuggler along with Reddiar (Sahadevan) tries all ways to finish up the empire of Devan, but all in vain. In retaliation, Hari kills the son of Reddiar. Baba Rahim (N.
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On 19 April 1932 Puerto Rico enacted Act 12, "An Act to Punish the Planting, Importation, Purchase, and Sale of Marijuana, and for Other Purposes" (). The included penalties were a minimum of one month and maximum of one year in jail. On May 13, 1934, Puerto Rico enacted Act No. 61, in keeping with the 1932 Uniform Narcotic Drug Act.
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Possession of cannabis in Thailand could land its owner in jail for up to 15 years as the plant is a category-5 narcotic drug along with psychoactive mushrooms and kratom, a psychoactive plant similar to opiates that is native to Thailand. A researcher at Chulalongkorn University has pointed out that Thailand has 200,000 Alzheimer's patients and 150,000 Parkinson's patients who could benefit from medical marijuana.
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Japanese Shinto shrine with rope made of hemp In Japan, hemp was historically used as paper and a fiber crop. There is archaeological evidence cannabis was used for clothing and the seeds were eaten in Japan back to the Jōmon period (10,000 to 300 BC). Many Kimono designs portray hemp, or asa (), as a beautiful plant. In 1948, marijuana was restricted as a narcotic drug.
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Dancing Sunbeam realises that Abdallah has double-crossed her and that she will not share any of Hassan's estate after all. After Abdallah leaves, Hassan distributes a narcotic drug called "bhang", which he says will relieve the distress of their impending execution. Rose-in-Bloom giddily tells Hassan that she is the real Sultana. Hassan, anticipating his execution, takes a triple dose of "bhang".
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In Norway, khat is classified as a narcotic drug and is illegal to use, sell and possess. Most users are Somali immigrants and khat is smuggled from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Norwegian Customs seized 10 metric tons of khat in 2010, an increase from less than 4 in 2006. In 2016, Oslo municipality estimated 50–70% of Somali immigrant males to be habitual users.
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In 1985, the People's Republic of China joined the Convention on Psychotropic Substances and identified marijuana as a dangerous narcotic drug, and illegal to possess or use it. The penalty for marijuana possession in China is disputed from various sources, but according to the Law on Public Security Administration Punishments, marijuana smokers shall be detained for 10 to 15 days and fined a maximum of 2,000 yuan.
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During World War I many soldiers were treated with morphine and became addicts. The Federal Bureau of Narcotics was established in the United States Department of the Treasury by an act of June 14, 1930 (46 Stat. 585). In 1933, the federal prohibition for alcohol was repealed by passage of the 21st Amendment. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt publicly supported the adoption of the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act.
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In 2000, Juretić opened therapeutic community for the treatment of drug addicts in Banja Luka in Bosnia and Herzegovina. From 2001 until 2003, Juretić served as a Head of the Therapeutic Center Čiovo that she founded. In 2002, she became President of the Expert Council of the Croatian Government for combating narcotic drug abuse, and in 2003 Head of the Office of the Croatian Government for combating drug abuse.
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The first U.S. law that restricted the distribution and use of certain drugs was the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914. The first local laws came as early as 1860. The Federal Bureau of Narcotics was established in the United States Department of the Treasury by an act of June 14, 1930 (46 Stat. 585). In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt publicly supported the adoption of the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act.
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In State v. Margo,40 N.J. 188, 191 A.2d 43 (1963). the Supreme Court of New Jersey first distinguished Robinson by stating, "In Robinson it was held that a statute of California which made it a criminal offense to 'be addicted to the use of narcotics' inflicted cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. But Margo "was convicted of being under the influence of a narcotic drug, heroin.
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When Suwanni and Tawee divorced, one of their children, Duangta Nandakwang (ดวงตา นันทขว้าง; ) or Kop (กบ), had just been born. The children were then sent to Chiang Mai Province to live with their grandparents. The family discord also distanced Suwanni and her only son, Wongmueang Nandakwang (วงศ์เมือง นันทขว้าง; ) or Namphu (น้ำพุ), who saw his family as broken and resorted to narcotic drugs. Namphu died of narcotic drug overdose at the age of 18 in 1974.
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In 1923, Beland (as federal Minister of Health) announced at a meeting of a committee appointed to review Canada's Opium and Narcotic Drug Act that cannabis would, arbitrarily and without parliamentary debate or process, be added to the federal list of banned substances. As recently as 2002, the Senate has been unable to formally justify Beland's decision. In 1925, he was appointed to the Senate representing the senatorial division of Lauzon, Quebec. He died in office in 1935.
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Swami Amoorthananda (Narendra Prasad), a psychotic holy godman with strong international connections also runs a powerful narcotic drug mafia in the state. He also has several connections within political circles. A good orator, Swami also draws a large number of devotees from abroad and many are slowly turned into addicts. A series of murders at Kovalam beach invites sharp criticism of the govt and the chief minister (Madhu) decides to bring a new head to the state narcotics wing.
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Poppies on Lake Geneva, Montreux California poppy in New Delhi, India A poppy is a flowering plant in the subfamily Papaveroideae of the family Papaveraceae. Poppies are herbaceous plants, often grown for their colourful flowers. One species of poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the source of the narcotic drug opium which contains powerful medicinal alkaloids such as morphine and has been used since ancient times as an analgesic and narcotic medicinal and recreational drug. It also produces edible seeds.
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The film ran into trouble with the censor board for its depiction of smoking and narcotic drug use. It also created a furor for its kissing scenes and also for a movie poster which was approved by Telangana Film Chamber. Senior Congressman and Telangana Political Leader, V. Hanumantha Rao raged over the positioning of this Matured film to the audience. He went on to roads peeling off posters and stickers of the film promoting audience not to encourage such violent films.
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The Uniform Narcotic Drug Act was designed to aid the United States in carrying out its international obligations under the Hague Convention. The act diminished the growth and spread of the traffic in illicit narcotics by replacing the present inadequate and conflicting state laws. It utilized and called into full exercise the powers that reside in the states alone, permitting prosecution in such cases as illegal possession, over which the federal courts have no jurisdiction.ANSLINGER, H. J. , and WILLIAM F. TOMPKINS.
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Niaklajeu also said that he never had bodyguards and construction cartridges found in his apartment during the search the police attempted to register as bullets. Valentina Matusevich explained to the reporters that "fire arms" found in her apartment are a gas gun and an airgun pistol (Nikita was a professional airgun shooter). The bullets that were found were blank and the collection of knives was collected by Nikita's father 30 years ago. The "plant-based narcotic drug" are herbs that Valentina used for her own treatment.
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The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Bill, 1985 was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 23 August 1985. It was passed by both the Houses of Parliament and it was assented by the President on 16 September 1985. It came into force on 14 November 1985 as THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES ACT, 1985 (shortened to NDPS Act). Under the NDPS Act, it is illegal for a person to produce/manufacture/cultivate, possess, sell, purchase, transport, store, and/or consume any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance.
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"The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms is a unique law enforcement agency in the United States Department of Justice that protects our communities from violent criminals, criminal organizations, the illegal use and trafficking of firearms, the illegal use and storage of explosives, acts of arson and bombings, acts of terrorism, and the illegal diversion of alcohol and tobacco products." The bureau decided they needed a uniform law in order to help keep control over illegal activity. Therefore, the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act was established.
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He has also been involved in training termite detector dogs. He has worked with the Californian Narcotic Drug Association and California Narcotic and Explosive Detector Dog Association on training dogs for narcotic detection. He has been involved in training dogs internationally, including New Caledonia Agricultural Detector Dog Unit. In Australia, he has often trained dogs for environmental roles, including training dogs to locate cats and foxes in the Kimberley, WA, Australia, to locate rabbits and rodents, on Macquarie Island, Australia, and also to locate cane toads.
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Eli Lilly was the first distributor of methadone in the United States, an analgesic used frequently in the treatment of heroin, opium and other opioid and narcotic drug addictions. Eli Lily was able to acquire the right to produce the drug commercially for just $1 because the patent rights of the original patent holders, IG Farben and Farbwerke Hoechst, were not protected after the Allies of World War II seized all German patents, research records and trade names. Eli Lilly introduced the drug to the United States in 1947, marketed under the trade name "Dolophine".
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In 2005, Harun Mwau sued the Nation Media group for an alleged defamatory article which implicated him in a tax evasion scandal. The same year, he filed four suits against the senior executives and editors of Kenya’s leading media houses to permanently bar the media from publishing reports linking him to drug trafficking. In 2011, Harun Mwau sued the United States Ambassador Michael Ranneberger for associating him to narcotic drug trafficking. In 2013, he sued a student over a Facebook post linking him to the murder of Internal Security minister, George Saitoti.
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The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 placed provisions on drinking and substance use as a requirement for admission. The act stated that any immigrant who "is or was…a habitual drunkard" or "narcotic drug addicts or chronic alcoholics" challenged the notion of good moral character, a requirement for citizenship in the United States. As a result, immigrants who participated in excessive alcohol or substance use were inadmissible to the United States. According to the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, polygamy violated the notion of good moral character under Section 101(f).
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Other individuals affiliated with his companies and the challenged importations were also arrested. On July 9, 2010, however, defendant Juan Llaca Diaz was declared innocent in a Mexican court, and acquitted of organized crime and drug charges. Mexico's Judiciary Council issued a statement noting that prosecutors had failed to prove key parts of their case, including that the substance seized was a psychotropic or narcotic drug. 2012, two brothers of Ye Gon, who had been arrested shortly after the initial seizures in 2007, were also ordered released from custody by the Mexican courts.
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This document contains the current list of narcotic drugs under international control and additional information to assist governments in filling in the International Narcotics Control Board questionnaires related to narcotic drugs, namely, form A, form B and form C.LIST OF NARCOTIC DRUGS UNDER INTERNATIONAL CONTROL . Yellow List. International Narcotics Control Board. 49th edition, December 2010 In medicine, a chemical agent that induces stupor, coma, or insensibility to pain (also called narcotic analgesic). In the context of international drug control, “narcotic drug” means any drug defined as such under the 1961 Convention.
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Cannabis legalization booth in Munich, 2014 The German narcotics law (Betäubungsmittelgesetz) states that authorities are not required to prosecute for the possession of a "minor amount" of any narcotic drug meant for personal consumption, except in cases "of public interest", i.e. consumption in public, in front of minors or within a public school or a state prison. The definition of "minor amount" varies, from up to 6 grams of cannabis in most states to 15 grams in Berlin. Under German law, the consumption itself of narcotics is not illegal: legally speaking, it is considered as non-punishable self-harm.
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Ministry of Internal Affairs declares that violations of law by Niaklajeu and Vozniak were "numerous and systematic", but does not specify concrete unlawful actions incriminated to them. Ministry of Internal Affairs also states that as a result of searches were seized "2 units of firearms, 39 bullets of different caliber, 6 units of cold steel arms and also plant-based narcotic drug". All these items were found in the apartment of campaign activist Valentina Matusevich. Her 25-year-old son who, according to her, had almost no relation to campaign, was arrested and sent to prison.
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Among those arrested were two MPs, one of whom was Mohamed Nsereko. Earlier, The Daily Monitor newspaper had reported that a pathologist who Nebanda's family had asked to examine her samples had been arrested while on his way to conduct tests in South Africa. On 2 January 2013, police announced that they had opened an investigation into Nebanda's death and linked it to what they called "a narcotic drug syndicate operating in a number of countries including Uganda, Pakistan, and South Sudan". On 4 January, Nebanda's boyfriend, Adam Suleiman Kalungi, was arrested in Kenya and extradited to Uganda for questioning by police.
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The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, commonly referred to as the NDPS Act, is an Act of the Parliament of India that prohibits a person the production/manufacturing/cultivation, possession, sale, purchasing, transport, storage, and/or consumption of any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance. The bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 23 August 1985. It was passed by both the Houses of Parliament, received assent from then President Giani Zail Singh on 16 September 1985, and came into force on 14 November 1985. The NDPS Act has since been amended thrice — in 1988, 2001 and 2014.
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Drug Czar Gil Kerlikowske speaks with staff and patients at the Covenant House, which helps drug-addicted teenagers and adults. The first US Drug czar was Harry J. Anslinger who served as the first Commissioner of the Treasury Board-created Federal Bureau of Narcotics from 1930-1962, under the administrations of five presidents: Hoover, Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy. Legislative efforts for marijuana prohibition under Anslinger included a push for all states to adopt similar drug laws, the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act and the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, which in effect criminalized the drug and set the stage for marijuana prohibition.
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On April 17, 1987, the Maricopa County attorney's office announced indictments against 13 individuals in relation to a cocaine-trafficking investigation. The indictees included Suns players James Edwards, Jay Humphries and Grant Gondrezick, and former players Garfield Heard and Mike Bratz. Edwards, Gondrezick and Bratz were charged with three counts of conspiracy to traffic in or possess a narcotic drug, while Humphries and Heard were charged with one count. A number of other current or former Suns players (Walter Davis, William Bedford, Alvin Scott, Johnny High, Don Buse and Curtis Perry) were named in the indictments but not charged.
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Louis Beaver and his brother Max Beaver were arrested selling heroin to an undercover RCMP officer and charged with possession and sale of an illegal narcotic under the Opium and Narcotic Drug Act. Max was the one in actual physical possession of the drug but Louis was charged by association as he knew Max had the heroin. In defence, Louis claimed that he thought the package was milk sugar and that they were only trying to defraud the RCMP officer. At trial, the judge instructed the jury by telling them that if they find that they were in possession their actual knowledge was irrelevant.
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The Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act in 1934 was implemented due to the lack of restrictions in the Harrison Act of 1914. The Harrison Act was a revenue-producing act and, while it provided penalties for violations, it did not give authority to the states to exercise police power regarding either seizure of drugs used in illicit trade or punishment of those responsible. The purpose of the act was to make the law uniform in the various states with respect to controlling the sale and use of narcotic drugs. The Commissioners on Uniform State Laws intended to effectively safeguard and regulate narcotic drugs throughout all of the states.
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His tour bus was stopped by Border Patrol agents near Yuma, Arizona. A K-9 Unit recovered of marijuana, almost of cocaine, of ecstasy, and $22,000 in cash. Carter was charged with four felonies: possession of narcotic drug for sale, possession of dangerous drugs, misconduct involving weapons and possession of drug paraphernalia. He was granted permission to travel outside of the state and remain out of custody on the $10,185 bond he posted. On May 6, 2008, Carter returned to court in Arizona to plead not guilty to the charges. A bench warrant was issued on March 17, 2010 when Carter did not show for a final trial management conference.
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Joseph is severely beaten by Zakir in full public presence, which infuriates Balaraman and DD, who try to demoralize Zakir by publishing fabricated stories about his relationship with ACP Maya Kurein and inmates of Haji Mustafa Trust's destitute home. Lahayil Vakachan tries to create a truce between Zakir and Balaraman, but fails miserably and gets violently berated and stripped in the presence of a lady M.L.A by Zakir. This leads to a series of problems, including the arrest of Jaganathan (Appu), a close buddy of Zakir, on false narcotic drug charges from Haji Mustafa Trust. Left with no other option, Zakir decides to meet the Chief Minister for Appu's release from unlawful apprehension.
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Robinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660 (1962), is the first landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court in which the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution was interpreted to prohibit criminalization of particular acts or conduct, as contrasted with prohibiting the use of a particular form of punishment for a crime. In Robinson, the Court struck down a California law that criminalized being addicted to narcotics. ("We hold that a state law which imprisons a person thus afflicted as a criminal, even though he has never touched any narcotic drug within the State or been guilty of any irregular behavior there, inflicts a cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.").
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Sterling and Shelly became estranged at the end of 2012, when he moved to a mansion in Beverly Hills, California, after she kicked him out of their beach house in Malibu, California, following a family dispute during which he was arguing with a mistress on the phone. A week later, Sterling's son Scott was found dead on New Year's Eve, having died of an accidental narcotic drug overdose at the age of 32.Blankstein, A. and Stevens, M., Death of Scott Sterling, Son of Clippers Owner, Ruled Accidental, Los Angeles Times, April 22, 2013. On August 5, 2015, Sterling's attorney Bobby Samini confirmed to KABC-TV that Sterling filed for divorce from his wife Shelly.
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However, according to Canadian Historian Catherine Carstairs, Murphy was not respected by the Division of Narcotic Control because of the creative liberties she took in presenting research they had assisted her with. "There were insinuations in the records that the bureaucrats at the division of narcotic control did not think very highly of Emily Murphy and did not pay attention to what she was writing about, and they didn't consider her a particularly accurate or valuable source." In 1929 the Opium and Narcotic Drug Act was enacted, establishing harsher penalties for drug users. This was to become the main drug regulation in Canada until the late 1960s. In 1954, the penalty for drug trafficking was doubled from seven to fourteen years.
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When used in a legal context in the U.S., a narcotic drug is one that is totally prohibited, such as heroin, or one that is used in violation of governmental regulation. In the medical community, the term is more precisely defined and generally does not carry the same negative connotations.NIH.gov Retrieved November 10, 2015Oxford Dictionaries (note definition 1.1 (medicine)) Retrieved November 10, 2015Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Retrieved November 10, 2015 Statutory classification of a drug as a narcotic often increases the penalties for violation of drug control statutes. For example, although U.S. federal law classifies both cocaine and amphetamines as "Schedule II" drugs, the penalty for possession of cocaine is greater than the penalty for possession of amphetamines because cocaine, unlike amphetamines, is classified as a narcotic.
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The British colonies of Mauritius banned cannabis in 1840 over concerns on its effect on Indian indentured workers; the same occurred in British Singapore in 1870. In the United States, the first restrictions on sale of cannabis came in 1906 (in the District of Columbia). Canada criminalized cannabis in The Opium and Narcotic Drug Act, 1923, before any reports of the use of the drug in Canada, but eventually legalized its consumption for recreational and medicinal purposes in 2018. Cannabis indica fluid extract, American Druggists Syndicate () In 1925, a compromise was made at an international conference in The Hague about the International Opium Convention that banned exportation of "Indian hemp" to countries that had prohibited its use, and requiring importing countries to issue certificates approving the importation and stating that the shipment was required "exclusively for medical or scientific purposes".
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The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws developed the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act in 1934 due to the lack of restrictions in the Harrison Act of 1914. The Harrison Act was a revenue-producing act and, while it provided penalties for violations, it did not give authority to the states to exercise police power regarding either seizure of drugs used in illicit trade or punishment of those responsible. Harry J. Anslinger, head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, campaigned and lobbied for passage of the Uniform State Narcotic Act, and the Hearst newspaper media chain was an effective ally in his campaign for passage. The draft of the act was submitted to the American Bar Association at its meeting in Washington in 1932, and it was officially approved by that body and sent to various states the following year.
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Section 1300.01 Definitions relating to controlled substances: > (b) As used in parts 1301 through 1308 and part 1312 of this chapter, the > following terms shall have the meanings specified: > >> (30) The term narcotic drug means any of the following whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin or independently by means of chemical synthesis or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis: >> >>> (i) Opium, opiates, derivatives of opium and opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation. Such term does not include the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium. (ii) Poppy straw and concentrate of poppy straw. (iii) Coca leaves, except coca leaves and extracts of coca leaves from which cocaine, ecgonine and derivatives of ecgonine or their salts have been removed.
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" "In Mexico's prime dope-growing region, known as the Golden Triangle, local farmers say the best cash crops are still the illegal ones." "This south-western part of the state [of Chihuahua] forms part of the Western Sierra Madre physiographic region (see map linked to above), an area of rugged relief with limited highway connections where rivers have carved giant canyons (such as the Copper Canyon system) into the forested plateaus and mountains. The "culture of violence" in this region, sometimes called Mexico's "Golden Triangle", was analyzed by Carlos Mario Alvarado in "La [Sierra] Tarahumara, una tierra herida: análisis de la violencia en zonas productoras de estupefacientes en Chihuahua" (The Tarahumara Sierra, a wounded land: analysis of the violence in narcotic drug production zones in Chihuahua) published by the state government in 1966. Alvarado found that between 1988 and 1993, in the southernmost municipality of Guadalupe y Calvo and in neighboring drug- growing municipalities, murders had a bimodal distribution each year, with peaks in April–May–June (when poppies and marijuana are planted) and September–October–November (when they are harvested).
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