More successful versions of elaborate, oversize, multicomponent dishes are proven moneymakers elsewhere in the Momofuku republic.
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Leveraging the power of the IoT, the team has created a multicomponent system to deter poaching efforts.
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While Cosme specializes in the kind of layered, multicomponent dishes with which chefs make their mark, Atla's menu is simpler.
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"This recommendation re-emphasizes that clinicians can really help adults with obesity by offering or referring them to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions," Doubeni added.
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Total profits awards for highly complex multicomponent devices as envisioned under the Court of Appeal's decision are uncommon, not to mention incredibly problematic, and the Supreme Court seems to agree.
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Each menu crescendos in a complicated, multicomponent spread, and the best of these featured lamb: barbecue ribs rubbed with cracked coriander seeds and XO sauce, plus a skewered grilled lamb kebab and a tomato salad.
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"In the case of a multicomponent product, the relevant 'article of manufacture' ... need not be the end product sold to the consumer but may be only a component of that product," justice Sonia Sotomayor wrote in the court's unanimous opinion.
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"Atelier Crenn: Metamorphosis of Taste," her 2015 cookbook, included a multicomponent recipe for "Birth" — a nest woven from corn silk, dehydrated and deep-fried, filled with tiny eggs made of corn "milk," duck fat and egg yolks and garnished with dark chocolate twigs.
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To improve its biophysical properties, derivatives of coelenterazine have been synthesized by means of different procedures including multicomponent strategies.
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Angelino, Gianfranco and Colonna di Paliano, Piero (1998) "Multicomponent Working Fluids For Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs)" Energy 23 (1998) 449-463.
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Multicomponent solvents appeared after world war II in the USSR and continue to be used and produced in post-Soviet States.
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Kayser, L. V.; Vollmer, M.; Welnhofer, M.; Krikcziokat, H.; Meerholz, K.; Arndtsen, B. A., Metal-Free, Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrrole-Based pi-Conjugated Polymers from Imines, Acid Chlorides, and Alkynes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 10516. () Kayser, L. V.; Hartigan, E. M.; Arndtsen, B. A., Multicomponent Coupling Approach to Cross-Conjugated Polymers from Vanillin-Based Monomers.
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Although multicomponent working fluids have significant thermodynamic advantages over pure (single-component) ones, research and application keep focusing on pure working fluids. However, there are some typical examples for multicomponent based technologies such as Kalina cycle which uses water and ammonia mixture, or absorption refrigerators which also use water and ammonia mixture besides water, ammonia and hydrogen, lithium bromide or lithium chloride mixtures in a majority. Some scientific papers deal with the application of multicomponent working fluids in Organic Rankine cycles as well. These are mainly binary mixtures of hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, siloxanes and inorganic substances.
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A distillation train is defined by a sequence of distillation columns arranged in series or in parallel whose aim is the multicomponent mixtures purification.
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Oxford: Blackwell.Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2006). A multicomponent conceptualization of authenticity: Theory and research. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, (Vol.
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Before the discovery of GMXV, multicomponent architecture had previously been reported only in viruses that infect plants and fungi, and had never been observed in an enveloped virus.
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To consider multicomponent moisture solid in a vibrating fluidized bed drier, a model was used to assess the characteristics of drying a thin layer of particle which was wetted with a multicomponent mixture. This was done to gain a better understanding of the complex treatment of multicomponent drying which is tedious and time-consuming process. Based on the model using a plug flow of solids, the selectivity and best drying conditions to achieve the ideal final moisture composition were determined. For a component mixture which is highly volatile, the composition of the liquid which was left in the product from the vibrating fluidized bed can be controlled using small amount of the other components to the solid feed.
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It is likewise unclear whether multicomponent architecture is a distinct evolutionary strategy or is an artifact of the mechanism of segmentation, possibly via the formation of defective interfering particles.
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"Determination of Partial Molar Quantities in Multicomponent Systems". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions II. 76:1119-1127.. doi:10.1039/F29807601119. .Canagaratna, S. Gnanaraj and Maheswaran, Murugesapillai. (1984).
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The Areni-1 cave complex () is a multicomponent site, and late Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age ritual site and settlement, located near the Areni village in southern Armenia along the Arpa River.
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It is produced by the multicomponent reaction of phenol, glyoxalic acid, and ethylenediamine. In this process, the initial Schiff base condensate alkylates the phenol. Related ligands can be prepared more efficiently using para-cresol.
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Beside fractional distillation, that is mainly used for crude oil refining, multicomponent mixtures are usually processed in order to purify their single components by mean of a series of distillation columns, i.e. the distillation train.
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LCFRS are weakly equivalent to (set-local) multicomponent TAGs (MCTAGs) and also with multiple context-free grammar (MCFGs ). and minimalist grammars (MGs). The languages generated by LCFRS (and their weakly equivalents) can be parsed in polynomial time.
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Elasterell (officially "elasterell-p") is an alternative to the generic term "polyester" for a specific subgroup of inherently elastic, multicomponent textile fibers. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has issued a final rule which establishes the name. Elasterell was originally manufactured by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and previously referred to as "T400". The FTC states that because this material is arguably comparable to other multicomponent polyester fibers, other companies that manufacture fibers satisfying the definition of "elasterell-p" may use that name in making required fiber content disclosures on labels.
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However, in LBM, the particulate kinetics provides a relatively easy and consistent way to incorporate the underlying microscopic interactions by modifying the collision operator. Several LBM multiphase/multicomponent models have been developed. Here phase separations are generated automatically from the particle dynamics and no special treatment is needed to manipulate the interfaces as in traditional CFD methods. Successful applications of multiphase/multicomponent LBM models can be found in various complex fluid systems, including interface instability, bubble/droplet dynamics, wetting on solid surfaces, interfacial slip, and droplet electrohydrodynamic deformations.
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The Passerini reaction is used in many multicomponent reactions. For instance one preceded by a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction and forming a depsipeptide:A Flexible Six-Component Reaction To Access Constrained Depsipeptides Based on a Dihydropyridinone Core Monica Paravidino, Rachel Scheffelaar, Rob F. Schmitz, Frans J. J. de Kanter, Marinus B. Groen, Eelco Ruijter, and Romano V. A. Orru J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 10239–42 Six component reaction Paravidino 2007 Passerini multicomponent reactions have found use in the preparation of polymers from renewable materials.Kreye, O.; Tóth, T.; Meier, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
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Each gradient provides a thermodynamic force that moves the species present, and the Onsager reciprocal relations govern the relationship between the forces and the motions. Diffusiophoresis is a special case of multicomponent diffusion. Multicomponent diffusion is diffusion in mixtures, and diffusiophoresis is the special case where we are interested in the movement of one species that is usually a colloidal particle, in a gradient of a much smaller species, such as dissolved salt such as sodium chloride in water. or a miscible liquid, such as ethanol in water.
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Vaclavek, M. Loucka, Selection of Measurements Necessary to Achieve Multicomponent Mass Balances in Chemical Plant, Chem. Eng. Sci. 31: 1199–1205, 1976.R.S.H. Mah, G.M. Stanley, D.W. Downing, Reconciliation and Rectification of Process Flow and Inventory Data, Ind.
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This superfamily includes protein that comprise pores in multicomponent protein translocases as follows: 3.A.8 - [Tim17 (P39515) Tim22 (Q12328) Tim23 (P32897)]; 1.B.69 - [PXMP4 (Q9Y6I8) PMP24 (A2R8R0)]; 3.D.9 - [NDH 21.3 kDa component (P25710)] 1.
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Porter Pueblo (Site ID 5MT2) consists of 3 or 4 dwelling groupings from Pueblo II Era through Pueblo III Era (AD 1060-1280).Wilshusen, R. H. & Lekson, S.H. (2003) The Archaeology of 5MT2, a Multicomponent Pueblo III Hamlet.
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The Petrenko-Kritschenko reaction is a classic multicomponent-name reactionJie-Jack Li; "Name reactions in heterocyclic chemistry"; 2005 John Wiley & Sons; ; pp313 that is closely related to the Robinson–Schöpf tropinone synthesis, but was published 12 years earlier.
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Sequences with homology to JMTV have also been isolated from a red colobus monkey, suggesting the possibility of a segmented, possibly multicomponent virus capable of infecting primates. A metagenomics study of arthropod flaviviruses identified five additional examples of likely jingmenvirus sequences.
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Ivar Karl Ugi (9 September 1930 in Saaremaa, Estonia – 29 September 2005 in Munich) was an Estonian-born German chemist who made major contributions to organic chemistry. He is known for the research on multicomponent reactions, yielding the Ugi reaction.
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Angrisani, L., Arco, M. D., Moriello, R. S. L., & Vadursi, M. (2004, August). Warblet transform based method for instantaneous frequency measurement on multicomponent signals. In Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2004. Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International (pp. 500-508). IEEE.
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Home skills training allows patients to improve communication skills, self-care skills, cognitive skills, socialization skills, vocational training, psychological testing, and education. One study indicates that multicomponent group interventions for older adults with low vision as an effective approach related to home training. The multicomponent group interventions include learning new knowledge or skills each week, having multiple sessions to allow participants to apply learned knowledge or skills in their living environment, and building relationships with their health care providers. The most important factor in this intervention is support from family, which includes assistance with changes in lifestyles, financial concerns, and future planning.
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Astronomische Nachrichten. 330(Issue 7):708-716.. Bibcode:2009AN....330..708H.. doi:10.1002/asna.200911236 . Furthermore, Maheswaran has carried out research with S. G. Canagaratna of Ohio Northern University in the area of Chemical Thermodynamics and has been a coauthor with him of several papers on the analysis of multicomponent mixtures and solutions. In particular, they derived equations to prove that if the partial molar property of one component of a multicomponent mixture or solution is known then the partial molar property of all the other components can be determinedCanagaratna, S. Gnanaraj and Maheswaran, Murugesapillai. (1980).
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He is currently full professor at the Physics Department KTH Royal Institute of Technology. He received multiple awards in recognition of his research on superconductivity and superfluidity. His results, obtained with several collaborators and students, include a theory of new types of superconducting states in multicomponent systems Type-1.5 superconductivity, (reviewed in ) theory of metallic and superconducting superfluids and inter-component pairing induced by thermal fluctuation in multicomponent systems (reviewed in ), prediction, often referred as Babaev-Faddeev-Niemi hypothesis of unconventional excitations in superconducting state: knotted solitons also dubbed as Hopfions. He is actively engaged in science communication to general public .
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"Determination of Mean Molar and Molar Excess Quantities in Multicomponent Systems". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions II. 80:261-265.. doi:10.1039/F29848000261. Maheswaran has also published papersEvangelidis, E. A. (1988). "Electromagnetic fields satisfying the condition B x (curl B) = 0".
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Chang’s group studies new organic reactions and mechanisms with transition metal catalysis. In particular, his group contributed to the development of “copper catalyzed multicomponent coupling” in the 2000s. Since 2008, his group has focused on C-H functionalization and made a number of contributions.
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In the field of organic synthesis, ring expansions are considered valuable reactions since they allow the obtainment medium-size ring (7-9 atoms) which are difficult to synthesize through "classical" methods. To date, only few articles concerning the ring expansion of isatin derivatives has been reported. The first one is an acid-catalyzed one-pot multicomponent reaction involving isatins, aminouracils, and isooxazolones to form isoxazoquinolines, important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Isatin ring expansion In another one-pot multicomponent reaction, a unique two-carbon expansion has been achieved by reacting isatin with indene-1,3-dione and N-substituted pyridinium bromide to form dibenzo[b,d]azepin-6-ones.
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Although HEAs were considered from a theoretical standpoint as early as 1981Vincent AJB; Cantor B: part II thesis, University of Sussex (1981). and 1996,Huang KH, Yeh JW. A study on multicomponent alloy systems containing equal-mole elements [M.S. thesis]. Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University; 1996.
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The Pine River Site, also designated 20CX19, is an archaeological site located in Charlevoix, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. This site is a multicomponent site, with evidence of occupation during the Archaic (c. 3000 BC), Middle Woodland (c.
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Schwille, P.; Myer-Almes, F.J.; Rigler, R. Dual-color fluorescence cross- correlation spectroscopy for multicomponent diffusional analysis in solution. (1997) Biophys. J. 72, 1878-1886. It is essentially an extension of the fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) procedure by utilizing two differentially colored molecules, instead of one.
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CrN is used as a coating material for corrosion resistance and in metal forming and plastic moulding applications. CrN is often used on medical implants and tools. CrN is also a valuable component in advanced multicomponent coating systems, such as CrAlN, for hard, wear-resistant applications on cutting tools.
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The Mound House is an archeological site located in Greene County, Illinois in the Illinois River floodplain. The site is a multicomponent site; however, the mounds were constructed during the Middle Woodland and are associated with the Havana Hopewell culture. The mound center has two identified mounds.Maruszak, Kathleen.
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Piperidones are a class of chemical compounds sharing the piperidone skeleton. A classic named reaction for the synthesis of piperidones is the Petrenko-Kritschenko piperidone synthesis which involves combining an alkyl-1,3-acetonedicarboxylate with benzaldehyde and an amine. This multicomponent reaction is related to the Hantzsch pyridine synthesis.
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For the lower stress levels up to 80% filling of the creep cavities with Au precipitates is achieved resulting in a substantial increase in creep life time. Work to translate the concept of creep damage healing in simple binary or ternary model systems to real multicomponent creep steels is ongoing.
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It had several Late Prehistoric occupations. This multicomponent site was destroyed in 1979. The Pennsylvania Archaeologist; Volume 77(1), Spring 2007 Washington Boro ceramics have been found on the Barton (18AG3) and Llewellyn (18AG26) sites in Maryland on the northeastern slopes of the late Susquehannock sequence. The early Monongahela (c.
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Polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS) is the occurrence of phase separation in a multicomponent mixture induced by the polymerization of one or more components. The increase in molecular weight of the reactive component renders one or more components to be mutually immiscible in one another, resulting in spontaneous phase segregation.
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The Mero Site is a stratified, multicomponent Prehistoric site located on the Door Peninsula in Door County, Wisconsin, United States. It was excavated in 1960 by Ronald and Carol Mason under the auspices of the Neville Public Museum in Green Bay, Wisconsin, with financial backing from the landowner, Peter Mero.
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PORFLOW software package is a comprehensive mathematical model for simulation of Ground Water Flow and Nuclear Waste Management developed by Analytic & Computational Research, Inc., ACRi. The FEHM software package is available free from Los Alamos National Laboratory. This versatile porous flow simulator includes capabilities to model multiphase, thermal, stress, and multicomponent reactive chemistry.
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1967), Patent: DE 2317505 C2 (18.10.73). Negative electrode of Ti-Ni alloy hydride phases, US patent US 3,669,745 (06/13,1972), inventor: K.D. Beccu, Ph.D, Battelle-Geneva R&D; Center. See also NiMH batteries The "invented NiMH variation" of Mr. Ovshinsky consisted in special alloys with disordered alloy structure and specific multicomponent alloy compositions.
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To reduce the natural environmental background the copper box is enclosed inside a multicomponent multi-ton passive shield made of copper, lead, polyethylene/paraffin, cadmium foil. A plexiglas box encloses the whole shield and is also kept in a highly pure nitrogen atmosphere. A concrete neutron moderator 1 m thick largely surrounds the set-up.
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5-Aminotetrazole has found applications in heterocyclic chemistry, particularly as a synthon for numerous multicomponent reactions. The compound has a particularly high nitrogen content of 80%. Partly for this reason, the compound is prone to decomposition to nitrogen gas (N2). It has been widely investigated for gas-generating systems, such as airbags and blowing agents.
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As recent creations, new types of materials, including high performance, high quality and multifunctional materials such as amorphous alloys with complex structures, bulk metallic glasses developed from amorphous alloys. And multicomponent intermetallic compounds, quasicrystals, oxides, ceramics, nanostructural controlled metals, semiconductors, crystals for solar cells, biomaterials, organic materials, hydrogen storage alloys, and shaped crystals, etc.
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Kametani, T.; Ogasawara, K. J. J. Chem. Soc., C 1967, 2208 center The synthesis of the tetracyclic meroterpenoid (+)-liphagal involved an aryne intermediate. Their approach employed an aryne cyclization to close the final ring of the natural product. center Multicomponent reactions of arynes are powerful transformations that allow for rapid formation of 1,2-disubsituted arenes.
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R. Koningsveld, A. J. Staverman, Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Multicomponent Polymer Solutions. II. The Critical State, Journal Polymer Science, Polymer Physics Editions, 1968, Volume 6, pp 325-347. or polymethylmethacrylate in acetonitrile.T. G. Fox, Properties of dilute polymer solutions III: Intrinsic viscosity/temperature relationships for conventional polymethylmethacrylate, Polymer, 1962, Volume 3, pp 111-128.
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Multicomponent reaction strategy is attractive for its atom-economical virtue. MBH reaction can be employed for three-component coupling of aldehydes, amines, and activated alkenes to afford aza-MBH adducts. For example, reactions of aryl aldehydes, diphenylphosphinamide, and methyl vinyl ketone, in the presence of TiCl4, triphenylphosphine, and triethylamine, give the corresponding aza-MBH adducts.Tetrahedron Lett.
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Simulating multiphase/multicomponent flows has always been a challenge to conventional CFD because of the moving and deformable interfaces. More fundamentally, the interfaces between different phases (liquid and vapor) or components (e.g., oil and water) originate from the specific interactions among fluid molecules. Therefore, it is difficult to implement such microscopic interactions into the macroscopic Navier–Stokes equation.
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Fitting a line through these phasor points with slope (v) and interception (u) , will give two intersections with the semicircle that determine the lifetimes τ1 and τ2:Clayton, Andrew A. H., Quentin S. Hanley and Peter J. Verveer. "Graphical representation and multicomponent analysis of single-frequency fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data." J. Microsc. 213 (2004): 1-5.
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The MITR protein lacks the histone deacetylase catalytic domain. It represses MEF2 activity through recruitment of multicomponent corepressor complexes that include CtBP and HDACs. This encoded protein may play a role in hematopoiesis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcripts have been described for this gene but the full-length nature of some of them has not been determined.
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Indium chloride is a Lewis acid catalyst in organic reactions such as Friedel-Crafts acylations and Diels-Alder reactions. As an example of the latter,An efficient synthesis of novel pyrano[2,3-d]- and furopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines via Indium- Catalyzed Multicomponent Domino Reaction Prajapati, D. Mukut Gohain, M. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 2006, 2:11 the reaction proceeds at room temperature, with 1 mole% catalyst loading in an acetonitrile-water solvent mixture. The first step is a Knoevenagel condensation between the barbituric acid and the aldehyde; the second step is a reverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction, which is a multicomponent reaction of N,N'-dimethyl- barbituric acid, benzaldehyde and ethyl vinyl ether. With the catalyst, the reported chemical yield is 90% and the percentage trans isomer is 70%.
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Sergio Mata, Jesús González, Rubén Vicente, Luis A. López (2016): "Zinc‐catalyzed multicomponent reactions: Easy access to furyl‐Substituted cyclopropane and 1,2‐dioxolane derivatives". European Journal of Organic Chemistry, volume 2016, issue 15, pages 2681-2687. Ken S. Feldman and Robert E. Simpson (1989): "Stereochemical studies on the preparation and subsequent reductive cleavage of 1,2-dioxolanes. Application to the synthesis of (±)-yashabushitriol".
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The high concentrations of multiple elements leads to slow diffusion. The activation energy for diffusion was found to be higher for several elements in CoCrFeMnNi than in pure metals and stainless steels, leading to lower diffusion coefficients. Some equiatomic multicomponent alloys have also been reported to show good resistance to damage by energetic radiation. High entropy alloys are investigated for hydrogen storage applications.
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Activity coefficients can be used to predict simple phase equilibria (vapour–liquid, liquid–liquid, solid–liquid), or to estimate other physical properties (e.g. viscosity of mixtures). Models such as UNIQUAC allow chemical engineers to predict the phase behavior of multicomponent chemical mixtures. They are commonly used in process simulation programs to calculate the mass balance in and around separation units.
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Brucellosis caused by B. abortus best fits the characteristics of the plague described in Oedipus Rex. Although the disease progression of brucellosis in modern times may make it seem unlikely, it was at least one agent in what may have been a multicomponent plague, along with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi or another pathogen, or possibly the ancestral versions of Brucella were more lethal.
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The site is significant regionally as a particularly fine multicomponent site, including the early Moorehead phase (also known as the Red Paint People, c. 4000 BC), the subsequent Susquehanna Tradition, and the Early to Late Ceramic periods (extending from about 2500 BC to 500 CE). The site is also well- preserved, and was only 20% excavated at the time of its National Register listing.
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Deltaterrasserne was constructed of large, terraced stones, ranging from to above sea level. Knuth named the site's ruins and caches in order of their descending elevation. These are scattered over of beach terraces in a multicomponent campsite. The highest of the terrace sites is named Terrace A. Its three ruins contain tent rings, central hearth, charcoal, and a gravel berm periphery, along with a meat cache.
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By contrast, the putative jingmenvirus structural proteins that likely make up its capsids have no homology to known proteins. It is striking that the segmented jingmenviruses' closest known relatives are nonsegmented. The evolutionary mechanisms underlying genome segmentation and especially multicomponent architecture are poorly understood. Although segmented genomes appear to have evolved several times in the virome, the evolutionary mechanism underlying this structure is unclear.
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The first time a catalyst was used in the industry was in 1746 by J. Hughes in the manufacture of lead chamber sulfuric acid. Since then catalysts have been in use in a large portion of the chemical industry. In the start only pure components were used as catalysts, but after the year 1900 multicomponent catalysts were studied and are now commonly used in the industry.Leach, Bruce.
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The "cycloadduct" derived from the addition of alkynes to 2-pyrone eliminates carbon dioxide to give the aromatic compound. Other specialized cycloadditions include multicomponent reactions such as alkyne trimerisation to give aromatic compounds and the [2+2+1]-cycloaddition of an alkyne, alkene and carbon monoxide in the Pauson–Khand reaction. Non-carbon reagents also undergo cyclization, e.g. Azide alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition to give triazoles.
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Timber Press, 2005. In one 27-year-old male, ingesting a multicomponent herbal supplement that included coltsfoot may have caused him to develop non-lethal deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.Freshour JE, Odle B, Rikhye S, Stewart DW. Coltsfoot as a potential cause of deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in a patient also consuming kava and blue vervain. J Diet Suppl. 2012;9(3):149-54.
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The PTS Mannose-Fructose-Sorbose (Man) Family (TC# 4.A.6) is a group of multicomponent PTS systems that are involved in sugar uptake in bacteria. This transport process is dependent on several cytoplasmic phosphoryl transfer proteins - Enzyme I (I), HPr, Enzyme IIA (IIA), and Enzyme IIB (IIB) as well as the integral membrane sugar permease complex (IICD). It is not part of the PTS-AG or PTS-GFL superfamilies.
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The Biginelli reaction is a multiple-component chemical reaction that creates 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones 4 from ethyl acetoacetate 1, an aryl aldehyde (such as benzaldehyde 2), and urea 3. It is named for the Italian chemist Pietro Biginelli.Kappe, C. Oliver (2005) "The Biginelli Reaction", in: J. Zhu and H. Bienaymé (eds.): Multicomponent Reactions, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, . The Biginelli Reaction This reaction was developed by Pietro Biginelli in 1891.
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Finally, in multicomponent or multilayer systems (e.g. magnetic tunnel junctions), giant magnetoresistance (GMR), tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR), colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), and extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) can be observed. The first magnetoresistive effect was discovered in 1856 by William Thomson, better known as Lord Kelvin, but he was unable to lower the electrical resistance of anything by more than 5%. Today, systems including semimetals and concentric ring EMR structures are known.
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However, it can also be observed in nondeformable (e.g., steel) wheels. The phenomenon can be explained by introducing multicomponent dry friction forces, apart from the usual forces considered in the literature. Another explanation is that speed wobble is a Hopf bifurcation, whereby a system changes from one state (a stable ride) to a second state, (constant amplitude oscillation), when one parameter (forward speed, or air speed) progresses through a critical point.
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PEP group translocation, also known as the phosphotransferase system or PTS, is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). It is known to be a multicomponent system that always involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and those in the cytoplasm. The PTS system uses active transport. After the translocation across the membrane, the metabolites transported are modified.
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Octodrine (Vaporpac) is a stimulant drug whose pharmacology was studied in a dozen animal studies from the 1940s through the 1970s. These studies found that octodrine can increase blood pressure and cardiac output in animals. The drug was previously approved for use by the FDA as an inhalant (i.e., Vaporpac and Tickle Tackle Inhaler) and in Germany as an oral agent as part of a multicomponent medication (i.e.
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SPIE '03, 2003 and Multichannel OMP allow one to process multicomponent signals. An obvious extension of Matching Pursuit is over multiple positions and scales, by augmenting the dictionary to be that of a wavelet basis. This can be done efficiently using the convolution operator without changing the core algorithm. Matching pursuit is related to the field of compressed sensing and has been extended by researchers in that community.
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Transformation product detection may calibrate degradation. Target analysis is straightforward when products and standards are understood, while suspect/nontarget analysis can be attempted otherwise. High-resolution mass spectrometry facilitated the development of multicomponent analytical methods for 150 pesticide transformation products and for screening for suspected transformation products. In combination with transformation product structure models, screening allows a more comprehensive assessment of transformation products, independent of field degradation studies.
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The protein encoded by this gene is a 47 kDa cytosolic subunit of neutrophil NADPH oxidase. This oxidase is a multicomponent enzyme that is activated to produce superoxide anion. Mutations in this gene have been associated with chronic granulomatous disease. Genetic variability in the NCF1 gene has been found to be related to a higher chance of getting autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus.
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His present research interests are centered around internet of functions in ad hoc 0D to 3D functionalized multicomponent nanostructures and networks thereof for energy, sensing and optoeletronic applications. \- Chemistry of two-dimensional materials (graphene and other layered compounds): production, tuning of their properties, fabrication of devices. \- Multiscale tailoring of smart supramolecular systems: development of multiresponsive coatings and composites. \- High-performance multifunctional materials and (nano)devices for optoelectronics, sensing, data storage, etc.
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Mixed–layering, interlaying, and interstratification are all terms that refer to clay minerals that form with two or more types of clays that with intergrown layering. Mixed-layering does not refer to clays that have been physically mixed. Mixed-layering in clays make add difficulty to interpretation so multiple analysis are usually necessary. Two component clays are most common with multicomponent clays containing more than two components are very rare.
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The Mooney site (Smithsonian trinomial: 21NR29) is a precontact Native American archaeological site on the Red River Levee in Norman County, Minnesota. It is a multicomponent site consisting of remains from both the Archaic and Woodland traditions. No diagnostic Archaic artifacts were found. However, animal remains and lithic materials recovered from one meter below the Woodland artifacts returned a carbon 14 date that provided the basis for the Archaic classification.
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The Gavin Watson Site, designated Site 59.8 by the Maine Archaeological Survey, is a prehistoric archaeological site in Sullivan, Maine. Located on the shore of Flanders Bay, an inlet off Frenchman Bay in Down East Maine, the site is a refuse midden that is (unusually for the region) free of shells. An important regional multicomponent site with artifacts spanning thousands of years, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.
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Particulate methane monooxygenase Members of the Lippard laboratory studying macromolecular crystallography have explored the structure, mechanisms and activity of bacterial multicomponent monooxygenases. Methane monooxygenases are enzymes that occur in bacteria called methanotrophs. The primary function of this enzyme is the hydroxylation of methane to methanol as the first step in methane metabolism. Amy Rosenzweig determined the protein x-ray structure of the soluble form of methane monooxygenase (MMO) as Lippard's graduate student.
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Jingmenvirus is a group of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with segmented genomes. They are primarily associated with arthropods and are the only known segmented RNA viruses that infect animal hosts. The first member of the group, the Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), was described in 2014. Another member, the Guaico Culex virus (GCXV), has a highly unusual multicomponent architecture in which the genome segments are separately enclosed in different viral capsids.
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The Debus-Radziszewski imidazole synthesis is an organic reaction used for the synthesis of imidazoles from a dicarbonyl, an aldehyde, and ammonia. The dicarbonyl component is commonly glyoxal, but can also include various 1,2-diketones and ketoaldehydes. The method is used commercially to produce several imidazoles.Ebel, K., Koehler, H., Gamer, A. O., & Jäckh, R. "Imidazole and Derivatives." In Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry; 2002 Wiley-VCH, The process is an example of a multicomponent reaction.
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474x474px Cu-catalyzed multicomponent coupling is a notable process developed by Chang's group. In 2005, they published a highly efficient and mild catalytic three component coupling between an alkyne, sulfonyl azide, and amine. Unlike click chemistry which generates 1,4-triazoles as products, in this case a Cu(I) catalyst, sulfonyl azide and alkyne generate ketenimine intermediate after releasing N2 gas. This electrophilic ketenimine intermediate reacts with amines and to genereate asymmetric imines as products.
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The protein encoded by this gene is a cytosolic factor that facilitates protein transport into the nucleus. It interacts with the nuclear pore complex glycoprotein p62. This encoded protein acts at a relative late stage of nuclear protein import, subsequent to the initial docking of nuclear import ligand at the nuclear envelope. It is thought to be part of a multicomponent system of cytosolic factors that assemble at the pore complex during nuclear import.
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The Gault archaeological site is an extensive, multicomponent site located in central Texas, United States, about north of Austin. It bears evidence of almost continuous human occupation, starting at least 16,000 years ago—making it one of the few archaeological sites in the Americas at which compelling evidence has been found for human occupation dating to before the appearance of the Clovis culture. Part of the Gault site; the tent covers the 2007–2014 excavation.
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A biopolymer (for example a protein) with a perfectly-defined primary structure is also a sequence-controlled polymer. However, in the case of uniform macromolecules, the term sequence-defined polymer can also be used. With comparison to traditional polymers, the composition of sequence- controlled polymers can be precisely defined via chemical synthetic methods, such as multicomponent reactions, click reactions etc. Such tunable polymerizing manner endows sequence-controlled polymers with particular properties and thereby, sequence-controlled polymers-based applications (e.g.
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Reviews on asymmetric induction of the Staudinger Synthesis, including the use of organic and organometallic catalysts, have been published. The imine can be replaced by adding olefin to produce a cyclobutanone, carbonyl to produce a β-lactone, or carbodiimides to produce 4-imino β-lactams. The Staudinger Synthesis and variations are all ketene cycloadditions. center In 2014, Doyle and coworkers reported a one-pot, multicomponent Staudinger synthesis of β-lactams from azides and two diazo compounds.
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The total synthesis by E.J. Corey used this proposed biosynthesis to guide their synthetic strategy. The synthesis uses such reactions as the Mannich reaction, Pictet-Spengler reaction, the Curtius rearrangement, and chiral rhodium-based diphosphine-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation. A separate synthetic process also involved the Ugi reaction to assist in the formation of the pentacyclic core. This reaction was unprecedented for using such a one pot multicomponent reaction in the synthesis of such a complex molecule.
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Some variables however may be correlated. This will result in similar changes in their values. A hedonic price analysis has been applied to smartphones using the least absolute shrinkage and selector operator (LASSO) to identify the functional features that are the best predictors of a smartphone's price. J. Gregory Sidak and Jeremy O. Skog (2019), Hedonic Prices for Multicomponent Products Hedonic models have also been used to calculate fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) royalties for standard-essential patents.
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Thermotoga naphthophila is a unique species of the Thermotoga genus in that it is one of the two known Thermotogales to have an operon in its genome that encodes for a phosphotransferase system sugar transporter (PTS). The PTS is a multicomponent system discovered by Saul Roseman in 1964. The PTS involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm. It is used by bacteria for active transport to intake sugar using phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) as the source of energy.
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However, as \omega\, becomes more negative, the segregation shows progressively sharper rises as the temperature falls until eventually the rise in segregation is discontinuous at a certain temperature, as shown in the following figure. Image:segregation in materials 3.jpg Guttman, in 1975, extended the Fowler theory to allow for interactions between two co-segregating species in multicomponent systems. This modification is vital to explaining the segregation behavior that results in the intergranular failures of engineering materials.
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The company provides reservoir imaging, monitoring, and development services. The company, a business segment of Schlumberger, offers 3D and time-lapse seismic surveys, electromagnetic surveys, and multicomponent surveys for delineating prospects and reservoir management. It also provides geophysical, land and transition- zone acquisition, marine acquisition, electromagnetics, and data processing and reservoir seismic services. The company was formed by the merger in 2000 of two of the world's largest seismic contractors, Western Geophysical (founded in 1933) and Geco-Prakla.
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User Manual of the Multicomponent Variably-Saturated Flow and Transport Model HP1, Description, Verification and Examples. Version 1.0. SCK•CEN-BLG-998, Waste and Disposal, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium, 79 pp.), which resulted from coupling HYDRUS-1D with the biogeochemical program PHREEQC.Parkhurst, D. L., and C. A. J. Appelo. 1999. User’s guide to PHREEQC (Version 2): A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations. Water-Resour. Invest. Rep. 99-4259.
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Pertussis vaccines are effective at preventing illness and are recommended for routine use by the World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The vaccine saved an estimated half a million lives in 2002. The multicomponent acellular pertussis vaccine is 71–85% effective, with greater effectiveness against more severe strains. However, despite widespread vaccination, pertussis has persisted in vaccinated populations and is today "one of the most common vaccine- preventable diseases in Western countries".
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While the BMC shell is architecturally similar to many viral capsids, the shell proteins have not been found to have any structural or sequence homology to capsid proteins. Instead, structural and sequence comparisons suggest that both BMC-H (and BMC-T) and BMC-P, most likely, have evolved from bona fide cellular proteins, namely, PII signaling protein and OB-fold domain-containing protein, respectively. The geometries of the BMC membrane are polyhedra explained by considering multicomponent shells.
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Montréalones participate in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with dipolarophiles such as imines, alkenes, and alkynes to respectively afford imidazoles,Aly, S.; Romashko, M.; Arndtsen, B. A., Multicomponent Synthesis of Substituted and Fused-Ring Imidazoles via Phospha-münchnone Cycloaddition. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 80, 2709. () 2-pyrrolines,Morin, M. S. T.; Arndtsen, B. A., Chiral Phosphorus-Based 1,3-Dipoles: A Modular Approach to Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition and Polycyclic 2-Pyrroline Synthesis. Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 1056.
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Microreactors can be used to synthesise material more effectively than current batch techniques allow. The benefits here are primarily enabled by the mass transfer, thermodynamics, and high surface area to volume ratio environment as well as engineering advantages in handling unstable intermediates. Microreactors are applied in combination with photochemistry, electrosynthesis, multicomponent reactions and polymerization (for example that of butyl acrylate). It can involve liquid-liquid systems but also solid-liquid systems with for example the channel walls coated with a heterogeneous catalyst.
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Habit reversal training (HRT) is a "multicomponent behavioral treatment package originally developed to address a wide variety of repetitive behavior disorders". Behavioral disorders treated with HRT include tics, trichotillomania, nail biting, thumb sucking, skin picking, temporomandibular disorder (TMJ), and stuttering. As reported in It consists of five components: awareness training, competing response training, contingency management, relaxation training, and generalization training. Research on the efficacy of HRT for behavioral disorders have produced consistent, large effect sizes (approximately 0.80 across the disorders).
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Amine impregnated solids are reported to maintain their adsorption capacity and selectivity under humid test conditions better than alternatives. For example, a 2015 study of 15 solid adsorbent candidates for CO2 capture found that under multicomponent equilibrium adsorption conditions simulating humid flue gas, only adsorbents functionalized with alkylamines retained a significant capacity for CO2.Mason, J. A.; McDonald, T. M.; Bae, T.-H.; Bachman, J. E.; Sumida, K.; Dutton, J. J.; Kaye, S. S.; Long, J. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
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However, the numerical accuracy diminishes when the grid is not composed of hexahedra. KIVA-4 was developed to work with the many geometries accommodated within KIVA-3V, which includes 2D axisymmetric, 2D planar, 3D axisymmetric sector geometries, and full 3D geometries. KIVA-4 also features a multicomponent fuel evaporation algorithm. Many of the numerical algorithms in KIVA-3V generalize properly to unstructured meshes; however, fundamental changes were needed in the solution of the pressure equation and the fluxing of momentum.
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Engineering the size and symmetry of the cavities and performing host guest chemistry inside the pores under nano confinement remains an attractive interest of this field. More recently, multicomponent networks are also studied that are formed by the application of crystal engineering principles. Although, there is a very high influence of the underlying substrate on the formation of the two dimensional assemblies, at least in a few cases, a relation was found between 2D assemblies and the bulk crystal structures.
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The A3 coupling (also known as A3 coupling reaction or the aldehyde-alkyne- amine reaction), termed by Prof. Chao-Jun Li of McGill University, is a type of multicomponent reaction involving an aldehyde, an alkyne and an amine which react to give a propargyl-amine. center The reaction proceeds via direct dehydrative condensation and requires a metal catalyst, typically based on ruthenium/copper, gold or silver. Chiral catalyst can be used to give an enantioselective reaction, yielding a chiral amine.
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Also these fractional vortices carry a superfluid momentum which does not obey Onsager-Feynman quantization Egor Babaev, "Vortices with fractional flux in two-gap superconductors and in extended Faddeev model" Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 067001. . Egor Babaev, N. W. Ashcroft "Violation of the London Law and Onsager-Feynman quantization in multicomponent superconductors" Nature Physics 3, 530 - 533 (2007). Despite the integer phase winding, the basic properties of these kinds of fractional vortices are very different from the Abrikosov vortex solutions.
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Sir John Edwin Enderby One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: (born 16 January 1931) is a British physicist, and was Professor of Physics at University of Bristol from 1976 to 1996. He developed innovative ways of using neutrons to study matter at the microscopic level. His research has particularly advanced our understanding of the structure of multicomponent liquids— those made up of two or more types of atoms – including commonly used liquid alloys and glasses.
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Any enzyme system that includes cytochrome P450 protein or domain can be called a P450-containing system. P450 enzymes usually function as a terminal oxidase in multicomponent electron-transfer chains, called P450-containing monooxygenase systems, although self-sufficient, non-monooxygenase P450s have been also described. All known P450-containing monooxygenase systems share common structural and functional domain architecture. Apart from the cytochrome itself, these systems contain one or more fundamental redox domains: FAD-containing flavoprotein or domain, FMN domain, ferredoxin and cytochrome b5.
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Invertebrates do not possess lymphocytes or an antibody-based humoral immune system, and it is likely that a multicomponent, adaptive immune system arose with the first vertebrates. Nevertheless, invertebrates possess mechanisms that appear to be precursors of these aspects of vertebrate immunity. Pattern recognition receptors are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with microbial pathogens. Toll-like receptors are a major class of pattern recognition receptor, that exists in all coelomates (animals with a body- cavity), including humans.
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Thus, any cascade reaction is also a one-pot procedure, while the reverse does not hold true. Although often composed solely of intramolecular transformations, cascade reactions can also occur intermolecularly, in which case they also fall under the category of multicomponent reactions.Pellissier, H. Tetrahedron 2006, 62, 1619–1665. The main benefits of cascade sequences include high atom economy and reduction of waste generated by the several chemical processes, as well as of the time and work required to carry them out.
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Humphrey used the metaphor to introduce the idea of the efficiency of resource allocation by natural selection ("Nature is surely at least as careful an economist as Henry Ford"). The metaphor has been cited by several prominent science writers including Richard Dawkins, John Barrow, and Jared Diamond. Biologists Robert A. Laird and Thomas N. Sherratt have questioned both the truth of the story and the utility of the metaphor, pointing out that evolution of multicomponent systems need not result in identical component failure rates.
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Piettre and coworkers found out that the usage of highly polar protic solvents like Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) can shorten reaction time and improve yield. Microwave irradiation was also be used to promote the reaction in methanol. PBM coupling to synthesize amino acid with HFIP solvent Apart from vinyl boronic acids, aryl boronic acids and other heterocyclic derivatives can also be used in Petasis multicomponent coupling. Possible substrate scope includes thienyl, pyridyl, furyl, and benzofuranyl, 1-naphthyl, and aryl groups with either electron-donating or electron- withdrawing substituent.
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Cussler took a B.E. degree (with honors) at Yale University in 1961 followed by an M.S. at the University of Wisconsin in 1963. He continued towards a PhD also at Wisconsin, 1965, with his thesis entitled, "Multicomponent Diffusion in Macromolecules," where he was a student of Edwin N. Lightfoot. Throughout his time in school, Ed developed a love for activity with interests in running, swimming and cycling. His hobbies include cycle touring with his wife, and he has run the Boston Marathon many times.
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Isocyanides participate in many multicomponent reactions of interest in organic synthesis, two of which are: the Ugi reaction and the Passerini reaction. Isocyanides also participate in cycloaddition reactions, such as the [4+1] cycloaddition with tetrazines. Depending on the degree of substitution of the isocyanide, this reaction converts isocyanides into carbonyls or gives stable cycloadducts. They also undergo insertion into the C–Cl bonds of acyl chlorides in the Nef isocyanide reaction, a process that is believed to be concerted and illustrates their carbene character.
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In 1986, Jenkins began work in the Fort Rock Basin. The Oregon State Museum of Anthropology hired him in 1987. Jenkins received a Ph.D. from the University of Oregon in 1991. During his four years as field director of the Fort Irwin Archaeological Project, his work on the late Pleistocene and early Holocene epochs in the Mojave Desert resulted in his doctoral thesis Site Structure and Chronology of 37 Lake Mojave and Pinto Assemblages from Two Large Multicomponent Sites in the Central Mojave Desert, Southern California.
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The Mooney site is a very large archaeological site, around 109 square meters, located in Norman County of northwest Minnesota. Its northern tip is located one hundred and fifty meters south of the Red River. It is a multicomponent site spanning the Plains Archaic and Woodland Periods which date to approximately 3400–940 B.P. It has produced evidence of big and small game hunting as well as fishing. It reflects at least two settlements over an unknown period of time but including a warm-season occupation.
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The Platte River Campground site extends 300 meters along the north bank of the Platte River, and runs up to 160 meters deep. The site is a multicomponent site, with repeated prehistoric occupations over the Middle and Late Woodland Periods as well as historic occupation around the turn of the 20th century; thus, artifacts were found covering a range of time periods. The artifacts recovered included a great many fire cracked rocks and chert flakes. Some ceramic shard and stone projectile points were also discovered, as well as two celts and two copper artifacts.
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While multicomponent reactions have been studied for centuries, the idea of deliberately analyzing mixtures and reaction networks is more recent. The first mentions of systems chemistry as a field date from 2005. Early adopters focused on prebiotic chemistry combined with supramolecular chemistry, before it was generalized to the study of emergent properties and functions of any complex molecular systems. A 2017 review in the field of systems chemistry described the state of the art as out-of-equilibrium self-assembly, fuelled molecular motion, chemical networks in compartments and oscillating reactions.
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This iterative process is painstakingly slow, costly, and does not lend itself to identifying the optimal engine design specifications. In response to these problems, Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists developed KIVA, an advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling code that accurately simulates the in-cylinder processes of engines. KIVA, a transient, three-dimensional, multiphase, multicomponent code for the analysis of chemically reacting flows with sprays has been under development at LANL for decades. The code uses an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) methodology on a staggered grid, and discretizes space using the finite volume method.
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Lodge is internationally recognized for his seminal contributions in numerous areas of polymer science. The focus of his work has been on achieving a molecular-level understanding of polymer structure and dynamics in multicomponent systems and mixtures, and to understand how these are affected by the thermodynamic interactions amongst the components. Polymer chain dynamics: Lodge's early work focused on the chain dynamics of polymers in solution and in miscible blends. In particular, Lodge and McLeish (2000) discussed the effect of local composition on the dynamics of polymers in a miscible blend.
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The Walker-Hooper Site (47-GL-65) is a multicomponent Prehistoric site complex located on the Grand River in the Upper Fox River drainage area in Green Lake County, Wisconsin. It consisted of at least 2 village sites and several mound groups (all of which are destroyed today). It was excavated by S.A. Barrett under the auspices of the Milwaukee Public Museum in 1921 and again in 1967 by Guy Gibbon of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The major component of the site is an Upper Mississippian Oneota palisaded village.
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The Guaico Culex virus (GCXV) was reported in 2016 after isolation from Culex mosquitoes found near Guaico, Trinidad. Different isolates of the virus have either four or five genome segments, though the fifth is not essential for viral proliferation. GCXV is a multicomponent (also known as multipartite) virus in which each genome segment is enclosed in its own small enveloped viral capsid. At least three genome segments, containing genes for non-structural proteins and capsid components, must enter a cell in order to successfully infect it and reproduce the virus.
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In organophosphorus chemistry, the Kabachnik–Fields reaction is a three- component organic reaction forming α-aminomethylphosphonates from an amine, a carbonyl compound, and a dialkyl phosphonate, (RO)2P(O)H (that are also called dialkylphosphites). Aminophosphonates are synthetic targets of some importance as phosphorus analogues of α-amino acids (a bioisostere). This multicomponent reaction was independently discovered by Martin Izrailevich Kabachnik and Ellis K. Fields in 1952. The reaction is very similar to the two-component Pudovik reaction, which involves condensation of the phosphite and a preformed imine.
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The Clampitt site shows evidence of multicomponent habitation from the Paleo Indian period through the Oliver Phase in the Terminal Woodland period. The site was documented in archaeological literature beginning with the first county archaeological survey done in Indiana by E.Y. Guernsey in 1924, where he mentioned investigating the site and finding ceramic sherds and chert on the surface.Guernsey, E.Y. 1924 Archaeological Survey of Lawrence County Indiana History Bulletin, Indianapolis, p.29. Guernsey, as well as several local residents, later described finding concave-based, fluted points on or near the site.
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The Runge-Gross proof is valid for pure electronic states in the presence of a scalar field. The first extension of the RG theorem was to time-dependent ensembles, which employed the Liouville equation to relate the Hamiltonian and density matrix. A proof of the RG theorem for multicomponent systems--where more than one type of particle is treated within the full quantum theory--was introduced in 1986. Incorporation of magnetic effects requires the introduction of a vector potential (A(r)) which together with the scalar potential uniquely determine the current density.
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Bacterial binding protein-dependent transport systems, are multicomponent systems typically composed of a periplasmic substrate-binding protein, one or two reciprocally homologous integral inner-membrane proteins and one or two peripheral membrane ATP-binding proteins that couple energy to the active transport system. The integral inner-membrane proteins translocate the substrate across the membrane. It has been shown, that most of these proteins contain a conserved region located about 80 to 100 residues from their C-terminal extremity. This region seems to be located in a cytoplasmic loop between two transmembrane domains.
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The protein encoded by this gene is a cytosolic regulatory component of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH-oxidase, a multicomponent enzyme system important for host defense. This protein is preferentially expressed in cells of myeloid lineage. It interacts primarily with neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (NCF2/p67-phox) to form a complex with neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1/p47-phox), which further interacts with the small G protein RAC1 and translocates to the membrane upon cell stimulation. This complex then activates flavocytochrome b, the membrane- integrated catalytic core of the enzyme system.
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These interventions are the first steps in managing acute delirium and there are many overlaps with delirium preventative strategies. In addition to treating immediate life-threatening causes of delirium (e.g. low O, low blood pressure, low glucose, dehydration), interventions include optimizing the hospital environment by reducing ambient noise, providing proper lighting, offering pain relief, promoting healthy sleep-wake cycles, and minimizing room changes. Although multicomponent care and comprehensive geriatric care are more specialized for a person experiencing delirium, several studies have been unable to find evidence showing they reduce the duration of delirium.
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Posner was first known for his pioneering research in organocopper chemistry in which he developed novel methods for organic synthesis involving organocopper reagents. He is the author of the textbook An Introduction to Synthesis Using Organocopper Reagents. Posner has also contributed numerous other developments in synthetic organic chemistry including asymmetric synthesis and multicomponent organic reactions. Posner’s recent research has been focused on applying organic synthesis to the preparation of novel medicinal agents including isothiocyanates with anticancer properties, new vitamin D analogs for the treatment of psoriasis, and new antimalarial peroxides.
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A large number of compounds belonging to practically all classes have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions: elements, simple and complex oxides, tungstates, molybdates, carbonates, silicates, germanates etc. Hydrothermal synthesis is commonly used to grow synthetic quartz, gems and other single crystals with commercial value. Some of the crystals that have been efficiently grown are emeralds, rubies, quartz, alexandrite and others. The method has proved to be extremely efficient both in the search for new compounds with specific physical properties and in the systematic physicochemical investigation of intricate multicomponent systems at elevated temperatures and pressures.
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Mikhail Mikhaylovich Shultz (, also spelled Schultz, Shul'ts, Shults, Shul’c etc.) (1 July 1919 – 9 October 2006), was a Soviet/Russian physical chemist, artist. Proceedings of the thermodynamic theory, the thermodynamics of heterogeneous systems, the theory of glasses, chemistry and electrochemistry of glass, membrane electrochemistry, the theory of ion exchange and phase equilibria of multicomponent systems, the theory of glass electrode. The name of the scientist linked the formation of pH-meters and ionometry, production organisation, instrumentation and materials commonly used in medicine, chemical and nuclear industry, aviation rocket and space technology, agriculture and many other areas.
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This gene encodes an enzyme belonging to the glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit family. These enzymes are part of a multicomponent integral membrane system that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate, the terminal step in gluconeogenic and glycogenolytic pathways, allowing the release of glucose into the bloodstream. The family member encoded by this gene is found in pancreatic islets and does not exhibit phosphohydrolase activity, but it is a major target of cell-mediated autoimmunity in diabetes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined.
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Rhesus monkeys were primed with a multicomponent, multistage DNA vaccine encoding two liver-stage antigens – the circumsporozoite surface protein (PkCSP) and sporozoite surface protein 2 (PkSSP2) – and two blood stage antigens – the apical merozoite surface protein 1 (PkAMA1) and merozoite surface protein 1 (PkMSP1p42). They were then boosted with a recombinant canarypox virus encoding all four antigens (ALVAC-4). Immunized monkeys developed antibodies against sporozoites and infected erythrocytes, and IFN-γ-secreting T-cell responses against peptides from PkCSP. Partial protection against sporozoite challenge was achieved, and mean parasitemia was significantly reduced, compared to control monkeys.
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PBM coupling to synthesize aryl glycine Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet agent, was racemically synthesized by Kalinski and coworkers in two steps, using Petasis reaction as the key strategy. Acid- catalyzed esterification immediately following the multicomponent coupling steps to afford Clopidogrel in 44% overall yield. synthesis of clopidogrel via PBM coupling The Petasis reaction exhibits high degrees of stereocontrol when a chiral amine or aldehyde is used as a substrate. When certain chiral amines, such as (S)-2-phenylglycinol, are mixed with an α-keto acid and vinyl boronic acid at room temperature, the corresponding allylamine is formed as a single diastereomer.
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Deformulation of a multicomponent chemical mixture may occur in several contexts, including the investigation of causes of chemical product failure, competitive benchmarking, legal inquiry to obtain evidence of patent infringement, or new product research and development. Depending upon this context and upon the level of information sought, the requirements of analyses for deformulation may differ.R. Chen, A. M. Tseng, M. Uhing, L. Li, J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 12 (2001)55–60. Deformulation processes typically require the application of several analytical methods, and the selection of methods is dependent upon the degree of confidence required in the results.
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Hester Site (known by the two Smithsonian trinomials 22MO569 and 22MO1011) is a major prehistoric archaeological site in Monroe County, Mississippi. It is a multicomponent site whose major occupation took place during the Archaic period with artifacts dating from 9000-8000 BCE, and other occupations during the Woodland and Mississippian periods. The site is one of the largest Archaic sites in the southeastern United States, and its well-stratified nature was critical in providing for accurate relative dating of finds at other sites throughout the region. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2001.
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The site is a large late Middle Woodland period multicomponent complex of mounds, geometric earthworks and habitation sites near the confluence of the Wabash and Ohio Rivers in extreme southwestern Indiana dating between about 100 and 500 CE. It is located on a high river terrace. The scale and complexity of mounds and other earthworks at the Mann site is rivaled in the Midwest only by the Hopewell sites of southern Ohio and whose population size may have been on a scale unparalleled by any of the Ohio centers and perhaps by any other Hopewell site in the Midwest.
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In chemistry, a multi-component reaction (or MCR), sometimes referred to as a "Multi-component Assembly Process" (or MCAP), is a chemical reaction where three or more compounds react to form a single product.Multiple-Component Condensation Strategies for Combinatorial Library Synthesis Robert W. Armstrong, Andrew P. Combs, Paul A. Tempest, S. David Brown, and Thomas A. Keating Acc. Chem. Res., 1996, 29 (3), pp 123–131 By definition, multicomponent reactions are those reactions whereby more than two reactants combine in a sequential manner to give highly selective products that retain majority of the atoms of the starting material.
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"Multispextral and hyperspectral imagery analysis from acquisition to decision, making and expertise in environment management" (2004–2007) Coordenador por parte da ADETTI e líder de pacote de trabalho na área de DRM."The objective of this project is to provide the industrial sector and the political/institutional decision-makers of the Atlantic with an operational system including the acquisition and the analysis of aerial EO remote sensing images. This system will be devoted to the internmental problems in their region. This system will be open and will integrate the recent and future developments of research inmultisource/multicomponent imagery".
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He is also engaged in an energy systems analysis initiative to explore the role of biofuels with regard to other solar energy derived alternatives to propel a future transport sector. That work has evolved with Professor Agrawal becoming the principal investigator in the NSF sponsored Solar Economy IGERT involving researchers at Purdue University, University of Delaware, UTEP, and HZB. In addition, he continues to actively engage in research pertaining to improving the energy efficiency of separation processes, with the focus on energy efficient and cost-effective distillation systems for multicomponent separations as well as membrane based separation processes. He received a B. Tech.
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Distillation is one of the unit operations of chemical engineering. Continuous distillation is used widely in the chemical process industries where large quantities of liquids have to be distilled. Such industries are the natural gas processing, petrochemical production, coal tar processing, liquor production, liquified air separation, hydrocarbon solvents production, cannabinoid separation and similar industries, but it finds its widest application in petroleum refineries. In such refineries, the crude oil feedstock is a very complex multicomponent mixture that must be separated and yields of pure chemical compounds are not expected, only groups of compounds within a relatively small range of boiling points, which are called fractions.
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Edited by George Eisenman. — NY.: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1967 His achievements in solving the fundamental problems of chemical thermodynamics are noteworthy. Special mention should be made of the generalisation of the stability conditions for the Gibbs equilibrium to heterogeneous (multicomponent, multiphase) systems (1954). M. Shultz developed a method for calculating changes in the thermodynamic properties of a heterogeneous system from data on the composition of the coexisting phases and on the change in the chemical potential of only one component («method of the third component», so called else «Shultz-Storonkin’s method»). In the frame of the thermodynamic theory existing is the «Filippov-Shultz rule».
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One paper of note demonstrated the thermoreversible, epitaxial face-centered cubic to body-centered cubic transition in highly ordered, micellar block copolymer solutions and its similarity to transitions observed in atomic systems (e.g. metals and alloys) supporting the general nature of the occurrence of this phase transition in materials. Miktoarm Star Polymers: In 2004, Lodge published the seminal paper on the self-assembly of miktoarm star terpolymers in solution; a paper that has been cited over 600 times. Using ABC miktoarm star polymers the first example of multicomponent block copolymer micelles was shown, driven by the mutual incompatibility of the hydrophilic A and hydrophobic B and C blocks.
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Phase diagrams are a very powerful tool for predicting the state of a system under different conditions and were initially a graphical method to rationalize experimental information on states of equilibrium. In complex systems, computational methods such as CALPHAD are employed to model thermodynamic properties for each phase and simulate multicomponent phase behavior. The CALPHAD approach is based on the fact that a phase diagram is a manifestation of the equilibrium thermodynamic properties of the system, which are the sum of the properties of the individual phases. It is thus possible to calculate a phase diagram by first assessing the thermodynamic properties of all the phases in a system.
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Ed., 2009, 48, 7298–7332 However the dynamic and wide range of monolayer morphologies ranging from amorphous to network structures have made of the term (2D) supramolecular engineering a more accurate term. Specifically, supramolecular engineering refers to "(The) design (of) molecular units in such way that a predictable structure is obtained"J. Simon, P. Bassoul, Design of molecular materials: supramolecular engineering, 2000 WileyVCH or as "the design, synthesis and self-assembly of well defined molecular modules into tailor-made supramolecular architectures".A. Ciesielski, C.A. Palma, M. Bonini, P. Samori, Towards Supramolecular Engineering of Functional Nanomaterials: PreProgramming MultiComponent 2D SelfAssembly at Solid Liquid Interfaces, Adv. Mat.
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A diagram depicting a use of dynamic combinatorial library to select an optimal receptor. In contrast to traditional combinatorial synthesis where a library of catalysts were first generated and later screened (as in the two above approaches), dynamic combinatorial library approach utilizes a mixture of multicomponent building blocks that reversibly form library of catalysts. With out a template, the library consists of a roughly equal mixture of different combination of building blocks. In the presence of a template which is either a starting material or a TSA, the combination that provides the best binding to the template is thermodynamically favorable and thus that combination is more prevalent than other library members.
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Multicomponent flow video Computer-assisted cryosurgery Simulation of a microfluidic device for separating mixtures of proteins Coating procedure employing physical vapor deposition (PVD) method Image-guided neurosurgery, brain deformation simulation Aerodynamics of a locomotive in a tunnel Advanced Simulation Library (ASL) is free and open-source hardware-accelerated multiphysics simulation platform. It enables users to write customized numerical solvers in C++ and deploy them on a variety of massively parallel architectures, ranging from inexpensive FPGAs, DSPs and GPUs up to heterogeneous clusters and supercomputers. Its internal computational engine is written in OpenCL and utilizes matrix-free solution techniques. ASL implements variety of modern numerical methods, i.a.
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She has described the emergence of shape and patterns in membranes and in multicomponent complex mixtures. She and her students and postdocs discovered that electrostatics leads to spontaneous symmetry breaking in ionic membranes such as viral capsids (for which they were awarded the 2007 Cozzarelli Prize) and in fibers. They also demonstrated the spontaneous emergence of various regular and irregular polyhedral geometries in closed membranes with non-homogeneous elastic properties such as bacterial microcompartments, including carboxysomes, via a mechanism that explains observed shapes in crystalline shells formed by more than one component such as archaea and organelle wall envelopes as well as in ionic vesicles.
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The laser-assisted growth technique is particularly useful for growing nanowires with high melting temperatures, multicomponent or doped nanowires, as well as nanowires with extremely high crystalline quality. The high intensity of the laser pulse incident at the target allows the deposition of high melting point materials, without having to try to evaporate the material using extremely high temperature resistive or electron bombardment heating. Furthermore, targets can simply be made from a mixture of materials or even a liquid. Finally, the plasma formed during the laser absorption process allows for the deposition of charged particles as well as a catalytic means to lower the activation barrier of reactions between target constituents.
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The drawbacks of the SMB are higher investment cost compared to single column operations, a higher complexity, as well as higher maintenance costs. But these drawbacks are effectively compensated by the better yield and a much lower solvent consumption as well as a much higher productivity compared to simple batch separations. For purifications, in particular the isolation of an intermediate single component or a fraction out of a multicomponent mixture, the SMB is not as ideally suited. Normally, a single SMB will separate only two fractions from each other, but a series or "train" of SMBs can perform multiple cuts and purify one or more products from a multi-component mixture.
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Fractional distillation is one of the unit operations of chemical engineering. Fractionating columns are widely used in the chemical process industries where large quantities of liquids have to be distilled. Such industries are the petroleum processing, petrochemical production, natural gas processing, coal tar processing, brewing, liquified air separation, and hydrocarbon solvents production and similar industries but it finds its widest application in petroleum refineries. In such refineries, the crude oil feedstock is a complex, multicomponent mixture that must be separated, and yields of pure chemical compounds are not expected, only groups of compounds within a relatively small range of boiling points, also called fractions.
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Cocrystal engineering has become of such great importance in the field of pharmaceuticals that a particular subdivision of multicomponent cocrystals has been given the term pharmaceutical cocrystals to refer to a solid cocrystal former component and a molecular or ionic API (active pharmaceutical ingredient). However, other classifications also exist when one or more of the components are not in solid form under ambient conditions. For example, if one component is a liquid under ambient conditions, the cocrystal might actually be deemed a cocrystal solvate as discussed previously. The physical states of the individual components under ambient conditions is the only source of division among these classifications.
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Eugenia then worked as a staff scientist at the Moscow State University before beginning her postdoctoral fellowship supported by Minerva Foundation with Professor Jacob Klein at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel. She then joined the research lab of Professor Mitch Winnik at the University of Toronto in Canada to study multicomponent polymer systems. In 1996, Kumacheva became an assistant professor at the University of Toronto Chemistry Department, and in 2005, she was promoted to the ranks of full professor. During her career, Kumacheva has delivered numerous invited, plenary and public lectures, and has been recognized by a large number of national and international awards.
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Along with his colleagues at the University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Atkinson is pursuing a vaccine strategy for preventing type 1 diabetes. The approach seeks to eliminate the autoimmune response directed at insulin that is present in patients with the disease by generating antigen-specific Tregs (regulatory T cells) in response to the antigens of interest rather than try to eliminate the autoreactive destructive cells. To further this line of research, Atkinson and other investigators started a spin-off company called OneVax, LLC. OneVax seeks to develop and commercialize a novel vaccine formula to prevent and/or reverse type 1 diabetes, incorporating biomaterials and polymers for applications including multicomponent and time-release drug delivery.
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On the other hand, the goal of the optimal synthesis of information display systems was specified as the closest approximation of the real values of the psychological factors on the complexity of solving problems to their optimal values. Venda developed theoretical, methodological, and practical recommendations on occupational guidance and on the selection and training of specialists. Based on the developed psychological principles of choosing multicomponent means of information display structures, he considered engineering, psychological, and ergonomic questions of artistic design for information tools and proposed heuristics for designers. He paid particular attention to the artistic, compositional, and analytical methods of implementing the formulated principles in order to select a structure for information display facilities.
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The Gabor transform, Gabor–Wigner distribution function, or Cohen's class distribution function may be better choices. The concept of signal decomposition relates to the need to separate one component from the others in a signal; this can be achieved through a filtering operation which require a filter design stage. Such filtering is traditionally done in the time domain or in the frequency domain; however, this may not be possible in the case of non-stationary signals that are multicomponent as such components could overlap in both the time domain and also in the frequency domain; as a consequence, the only possible way to achieve component separation and therefore a signal decomposition is to implement a time–frequency filter.
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Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory In 1974, Baddeley and Hitch introduced the multicomponent model of working memory. The theory proposed a model containing three components: the central executive, the phonological loop, and the visuospatial sketchpad with the central executive functioning as a control center of sorts, directing info between the phonological and visuospatial components. The central executive is responsible for, among other things, directing attention to relevant information, suppressing irrelevant information and inappropriate actions, and coordinating cognitive processes when more than one task is simultaneously performed. A "central executive" is responsible for supervising the integration of information and for coordinating subordinate systems responsible for the short-term maintenance of information.
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It is likely that a multicomponent, adaptive immune system arose with the first vertebrates, as invertebrates do not generate lymphocytes or an antibody-based humoral response. Many species, however, use mechanisms that appear to be precursors of these aspects of vertebrate immunity. Immune systems appear even in the structurally simplest forms of life, with bacteria using a unique defense mechanism, called the restriction modification system to protect themselves from viral pathogens, called bacteriophages. Prokaryotes also possess acquired immunity, through a system that uses CRISPR sequences to retain fragments of the genomes of phage that they have come into contact with in the past, which allows them to block virus replication through a form of RNA interference.
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One influential model is Baddeley's multicomponent model of working memory, which is composed of a central executive system that regulates three subsystems: the phonological loop, which maintains verbal information; the visuospatial sketchpad, which maintains visual and spatial information; and the more recently developed episodic buffer that integrates short-term and long-term memory, holding and manipulating a limited amount of information from multiple domains in temporal and spatially sequenced episodes. Researchers have found significant positive effects of biofeedback-enhanced relaxation on memory and inhibition in children. Biofeedback is a mind-body tool where people can learn to control and regulate their body to improve and control their executive functioning skills. To measure one's processes researchers, use their heart rate and or respiratory rates.
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Emotions are generally defined as two-step multicomponent processes involving elicitation, followed by psychological feelings, appraisal, expression, autonomic responses, and action tendencies. Attempts to localize basic emotions to certain brain regions have been controversial; some research found no evidence for specific locations corresponding to emotions, but instead found circuitry involved in general emotional processes. The amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, mid and anterior insula cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex, appeared to be involved in generating the emotions, while weaker evidence was found for the ventral tegmental area, ventral pallidum and nucleus accumbens in incentive salience. Others, however, have found evidence of activation of specific regions, such as the basal ganglia in happiness, the subcallosal cingulate cortex in sadness, and amygdala in fear.
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Bhadeshia's research is concerned with the theory of solid-state transformations in metals, particularly multicomponent steels, with the goal of creating novel alloys and processes with the minimum use of resources. Following his PhD, he worked as a Science Research Council Research Fellow until 1981 and has been part of the academic staff at the University of Cambridge since then. He is the author or co-author of more than 650 published papers in the field of metallurgy and several books. In the 90s, he worked with British Steel plc on a carbide-free, silicon-rich bainitic steel that was used for rails in the Channel Tunnel and later on a high-performance armour steel for the British Ministry of Defence.
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The use of photoredox catalysis to generate reactive heteroatom-centered radicals was first explored in the 1990s. [Ru(bipy)3]2+ was found to catalyze the fragmentation of tosylphenylselenide to phenylselenolate anion and tosyl radical and that a radical chain propagation mechanism allowed the addition of tosyl radical and phenylseleno- radical across the double bond of electron rich alkyl vinyl ethers. Since phenylselenolate anion is readily oxidized to diphenyldiselenide, the low quantities of diphenyldiselenide observed was taken as an indication that photoredox-catalyzed fragmentation of tosylphenylselenide was only important as an initiation step, and that most of the reactivity was due to a radical chain process. Addition of Tosylphenylselenide across an olefin Heteroaromatic additions to olefins include multicomponent oxy- and aminotrifluoromethylation reactions.
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High entropy oxides (HEOs) are complex oxides that contain five or more different metal cations in the same amount and have a single-phase crystal structure. The first HEO with formula Cu0.2Co0.2Mg0.2Ni0.2Zn0.2O, and having the rock salt structure, was reported in 2015 by Rost et al. Notably, not all of the parent compounds are stable in the rock salt structure at ambient pressure and room temperature: CuO has a monoclinic structure and ZnO is usually stable in the wurtzite structure. The possibility of stabilizing all these binary compounds into a single rock salt phase is a direct effect of the value of the configurational entropy, exceptionally large in case of a multicomponent (generally up to 5 components) mixture, which compensates for the unfavourable correspondent enthalpic contribution.
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The following steps describe chemically what the Ant Enzymes do in order to synthesize Antimycin. Synthesis begins with tryptophan, an amino acid. 1\. The indole ring of tryptophan, an amino acid, is opened by a pathway-specific tryptophan-2.3-dioxygnease, AntN, to make N-formyl-L-kynurenine. 2\. N-formyl-L-kynurenine is converted to anthranilate by the pathway-specific kynureninase, AntP. 3\. Anthranilate is activated by the acyl-CoA ligase protein, AntF and loaded onto its cognate carrier protein, AntG, for further processing. 4\. Anthranilate is converted to 3-aminosalicylate by a multicomponent oxygenase, AntHIJKL. 5\. 3-Aminosalicylate is presented to the NRPS, AntC. AntC has two modules which are organized Condensation1 (C1) -Adenylation1 (A1) -Thiolation1 (T1) -Condensation2 (C2) -Adenylation2 (A2) -Ketoreduction (KR) -Thiolation2 (T2).
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Common strategies that have been shown by previous research to increase long-term adherence to treatment include extended care, skills training, social support, treatment tailoring, self-monitoring, and multicomponent stages. However, even though these strategies have been demonstrated to be effective, there are also existing barriers to implementation of such programs: limited time, resources, as well as patient factors such as embarrassment of disclosing their health habits. To make behavior change strategies more effective, researchers also have been adapting well-known and empirically-tested behavior change theories into such practice. The most prominent behavior change theories that have been implemented in various health-related behavior change research has been self-determination theory, theory of planned behavior, social cognitive theory, transtheoretical model, and social ecological model.
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P. Petrenko-Kritschenko "Über Tetrahydropyronverbindungen" Journal für Praktische Chemie; Volume 60, Issue 1, pages 140–158, 27 December 1899; Petrenko-Kritschenko type cyclizations In contrast to the Robinson synthesis, it does not employ dialdehydes like succinaldehyde or glutaraldehyde but simpler aldehydes like benzaldehyde. Therefore, the product of the reaction is not a bicyclic structure (see tropinone and pseudopelletierine) but a 4-piperidone. The synthesis of tropinone can be seen as a variation of the Petrenko-Kritschenko reaction in which the two aldehyde functions are covalently linked in a single molecule. Apart from the Hantzsch synthesis the Petrenko-Kritschenko reaction is one of the few examples in which a symmetric pyridine precursor can be obtained in a multicomponent ring-condensation reaction followed by an oxidation.
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In 1974, Baddeley and Hitch introduced and made popular the multicomponent model of working memory. This theory proposes a central executive that, among other things, is responsible for directing attention to relevant information, suppressing irrelevant information and inappropriate actions, and for coordinating cognitive processes when more than one task must be done at the same time. The central executive has two "slave systems" responsible for short-term maintenance of information, and a "central executive" is responsible for the supervision of information integration and for coordinating the slave systems. One slave system, the phonological loop (PL), stores phonological information (that is, the sound of language) and prevents its decay by continuously articulating its contents, thereby refreshing the information in a rehearsal loop.
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Not knowing of Yeh's work, he did not describe his new materials as "high-entropy" alloys, preferring the term "multicomponent alloys". The base alloy he developed, equiatomic FeCrMnNiCo, has been the subject of considerable work in the field, and is known as the "Cantor alloy", with similar derivatives known as Cantor alloys. Before the classification of high entropy alloys and multi- component systems as a separate class of materials, nuclear scientists had already studied a system that can now be classified as a high entropy alloy: within nuclear fuels Mo-Pd-Rh-Ru-Tc particles form at grain boundaries and at fission gas bubbles. Understanding the behavior of these '5 metal particles' was of specific interest to the medical industry as Tc-99m is an important medical imaging isotope.
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Such analytical solutions are limited to relatively simple flow systems and reactions. Geochemical models, on the other hand, have been developed to provide thermodynamic descriptions of multicomponent systems without regard to transport. Reaction path models were created, for instance, to describe the sequence of chemical reactions resulting from chemical weathering or hydrothermal alteration in batch systems, in terms of the overall reaction progress. By adopting the reference frame of a packet of fluid and treating reaction progress as travel time (or distance along a flowpath), however, a batch reaction path model could be thought of as describing advective transport through an aquifer.Lichtner, P.C., 1988, The quasi-stationary state approximation to coupled mass transport and fluid-rock interaction in a porous medium. Geochemica et Cosmochemica Acta 52, 143-165 The most sophisticated multi-component reactive transport models consider both reaction and transport.
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The campus of Santo André has equipment such as Atomic force microscopy and Tunneling, Circular dichroism, Elemental Analysis, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy of High Resolution, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Gas chromatograph, Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Potentiostat / Galvanostat, Centrifuge Refrigerated Superspeed, Absorption Spectroscopy and Atomic Emission For Multicomponent Analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Detector, Liquid Chromatography System, Modular Electrochemical Microscope, Spectroscopy of Fluorescence, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer, Differential scanning calorimetry, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Optical microscope, High performance liquid chromatography Coupled With Mass spectrometry With Mass Detector, Scanning electron microscope, X-ray crystallography, wind tunnel and supersonic wind tunnel. In addition, UFABC has two networks of high-performance computers. The Chromo UFABC went into operation in June 2007 and is a project financed by FAPESP and CNPq, and the Bull Novascale UFABC is a project funded by CAPES.
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The AcidLess Separation vacuum distallation process is used for the gold parting from silver by means of melting and subsequent vacuum distillation of a certain amount of binary or multicomponent alloys containing precious metals and impurities (gold-silver alloys, alluvial gold, dorè bars, etc.) whose individual components have between them a large difference in the vapor pressure. This process separates metals through evaporation of the more volatile metals (such as silver, zinc, selenium, lead, etc.) from the metal-base (gold and other less volatile metals) in a single or more working stage/cycle and recovering the metals more volatile by distillation/condensation on one or more water cooled condenser/gatherer. The melting bath rich in gold that remain into the crucible can be cooled or poured/casted. The silver condensate is recovered in shape of dry mud.
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He then completed his post- doctoral training at the University of California at Berkeley (USA) where he was interested in the problems of statistical thermodynamics of generalized mean fieldJ. M. Sanchez, F. Ducastelle and D. Gratias, Generalized cluster description of multicomponent systems, Physica A, 128(1-2), 334-350 (1984) (Cluster Variation Method). Back in France, he took up his position at the Centre d'Études de Chimie Métallurgique (CECM), CNRS laboratory in Vitry-sur- Seine (France), but was soon invited by John-Werner Cahn to the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of California at Santa Barbara (USA) to participate in an interdisciplinary collaboration on theoretical physics and materials science. It was on this occasion that he was confronted with the unresolved problem of the 5th-order diffraction observed in April 1982 by Dan Shechtman.
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Thus, school officials were tasked with compliance, whereas public health officials were tasked with formulation, implementation, and enforcement. which raised immunization coverage levels of inoculation preventable diseases by lessening missed opportunities to vaccinate, vigilant administration of accountability requirements, and the overall improved standards of practices for health wellness and fitness, at all levels, in the Eastern Africa region. In 1960 he was one of the key architects of a dynamical interdisciplinary multicomponent and multigenerational public health, a healthcare and hygiene strategy of long-term planning based on the application of preventative modalities that helped shift the medical science paradigm—in East Africa—away from the undue emphasis on curative means, and more so towards a balanced approach; that which seeks to adapt public health strategies that effectively integrates epidemiological, parasitological, and etiological knowledge with tactical and situational curative approaches.
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Subject to maintaining the function of the multicomponent Qß enzyme, chemical conditions could be varied significantly, in order to study the influence of changing environments and selection pressures [ref]. Experiments with in vitro RNA quasi species included the characterisation of the error threshold for information in molecular evolution [ref], the discovery of de novo evolution [ref] leading to diverse replicating RNA species and the discovery of spatial travelling waves as ideal molecular evolution reactors [ref, ref]. Later experiments employed novel combinations of enzymes to elucidate novel aspects of interacting molecular evolution involving population dependent fitness, including work with artificially designed molecular predator prey and cooperative systems of multiple RNA and DNA [ref, ref]. Special evolution reactors were designed for these studies, starting with serial transfer machines, flow reactors such as cell-stat machines, capillary reactors, and microreactors including line flow reactors and gel slice reactors.
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The powder injection molding process Complex geometry in one component instead of an assembly of many items Eyeglass components produced by powder injection molding In the monograph P.O. Gribovsky, published in 1956, describes in detail the technology of hot casting (hot molding) ceramic products under pressure (now, Low Pressure Powder Injection Molding) and, in particular, notes that "hot casting technology provides the ability to manufacture products from any solid materials, ranging from natural minerals, pure oxides, carbides, metals, etc., and ending with multicomponent composite synthetic materials and their combinations". This indication of the possibility of MIM-casting, which was implemented by Dr. Raymond E. Wiech Jr. in the 1970s, who refined MIM technology as co-founder of a California company named Parmatech, the name being condensed from the phrase "particle materials technology". Wiech later patentedWiech, Raymond E. Jr. (1980-04-08) "Manufacture of Parts for Particulate material", .
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By 2000, research in Tohoku University and Caltech yielded multicomponent alloys based on lanthanum, magnesium, zirconium, palladium, iron, copper, and titanium, with critical cooling rate between 1 K/s to 100 K/s, comparable to oxide glasses. In 2004, bulk amorphous steel was successfully produced by two groups: one at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, who refers to their product as "glassy steel", and the other at the University of Virginia, calling theirs "DARVA-Glass 101".U.Va. News Service, "University Of Virginia Scientists Discover Amorphous Steel Material is three times stronger than conventional steel and non-magnetic" , U.Va. News Services, 7/2/2004Google Patents listing for Patent WO 2006091875 A2, "Patent WO 2006091875 A2 - Amorphous steel composites with enhanced strengths, elastic properties and ductilities (Also published as US20090025834, WO2006091875A3)", Joseph S Poon, Gary J Shiflet, Univ Virginia, 8/31/2006 The product is non-magnetic at room temperature and significantly stronger than conventional steel, though a long research and development process remains before the introduction of the material into public or military use.
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Reaktion von 2-Carboxybenzaldehyd mit Alkylhydrazinen Phthalazinones (1(2H)-phthalenazinones) are important building blocks for natural products, fine chemicals and pharmaceutical active ingredients, such as the antihypertensive vasodilator hydralazine. 2-carboxybenzaldehyde can also be used for the preparation of N-substituted isoindolinones (1-isoindolinones, 2,3-dihydroindol-1-ones) which are formed when reacting 2-carboxybenzaldehyde with primary amines in the presence of platinum nanowires and low hydrogen pressure in 1,4-dioxane in very high yields: Synthese von Isoindolinonen durch 3-Komponentenreaktion When the reaction of 2-carboxybenzaldehyde is carried out with primary amines in the presence of dimethylphosphite, the corresponding isoindolin-1-one-3-phosphonates are obtained first. After activation with butyllithium with aromatic aldehydes (such as, benzaldehyde in a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction), these can be converted in very high yields to 3-(arylmethylene)isoindolin-1-ones. Synthese von Arylmethylenisoindolinonen More recently, 2-formylbenzoic acid became due to its reactivity of some interest as versatile molecular building block in multicomponent reactions, for example the Ugi reaction, for the synthesis of heterocyclic annellated aromatics. Functionalized isoindolinones are accessible in high yields in a three-component reaction with 2-formylbenzoic acid and 2-bromoanilines by palladium-catalyzed carbonylation.
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