353 Sentences With "mother tongues" | Random Sentence Generator

Faraway Singapore adopted it as one of its "mother tongues".

The Mother Tongues premiere screening will be this Wednesday at Autograph, in London.

The photographers take advantage of this global arena, promoting their own nationalities and mother tongues as selling points.

Carrington is also a member of a select group of writers — exophonic writers, they're now called — who work outside their mother tongues.

The argument lasted for so long that the alliance's interpreters left, leaving the members to debate in English rather than their mother tongues.

Watch: Talking with Melissa Harris-Perry In Mother Tongues, each artist has asked her mother to translate one of her poems into the mother's native language.

Notwithstanding this powerful trend, the Singapore government strived to keep the mother tongues (Chinese, Malay and Tamil) alive, by promoting bilingualism as a fundamental education policy.

The robust "new Jews" of Palestine sneer at the older refugees and seek to remake the youth in their own image, banishing mother tongues and given names.

Out of the 6 Kitfox members, we're mostly white and east Asian, but we were born in 5 different countries and speak a combined total of 5 different mother tongues.

That is, how we think of the self, based not just on words from our mother tongues, but how input from our other senses impacts our brains and therefore our conscious realities.

Starting with a series of measures in the late 234s, the leaders of this city-state effectively banned Chinese dialects, the mother tongues of about three-quarters of its citizens, in favor of Mandarin, China's official language.

BUDAPEST (Reuters) - Hungary's foreign minister on Wednesday said Budapest would block Ukraine's membership in NATO until Kiev restored the rights that ethnic Hungarians had before a language law curbed minorities' access to education in their mother tongues.

Though he eventually acquired almost a dozen languages, his mother tongues were Russian and Yiddish (which is related to German), and he learned German and French at an early age from his father, who was a language teacher.

But whether or not you bridle at being educated, you will learn — from, say, the "Mother Tongues and Queens" map (compiled with the Endangered Language Alliance) or a map that acts as a comprehensive guide to the city's history of riots.

Philippe Van Parijs, a Belgian philosopher, argues that it will make English a neutral language within the EU (Ireland and Malta also speak it, but make up 1% of the remaining population) and thus ideal for exchange between Europeans of rival mother tongues.

Despite the mix of languages spoken by all the students, many opted to take their tests in English, citing the bad translations that Certiport used for their instructions and Microsoft used for its menus, which only made working in their mother tongues more confusing.

In the decades that he lived in Rome, as the chief custodian of the Vatican Library, notables from around the world dropped by to interrogate him in their mother tongues, and he flitted as nimbly among them as a bee in a rose garden.

Mysterious Land of Shaolin: The Wu-Tang Clan's Staten Island Black Star Lines: Harlem Secular and Sacred Water and Power: The Reach of the City Wildlife Burning Down and Rising Up: The Bronx in the 1970s Mother Tongues and Queens: The World's Languages Capital Trash in the City: Dumping on Staten Island and Beyond Mysterious Land of Shaolin: The Wu-Tang Clan's Staten Island Black Star Lines: Harlem Secular and Sacred Water and Power: The Reach of the City Wildlife Burning Down and Rising Up: The Bronx in the 1970s Mother Tongues and Queens: The World's Languages Capital Trash in the City: Dumping on Staten Island and Beyond If you ask any New Yorker, they'll tell you—their city is the center of the world.

Nonstop Metropolis, recently released by University of California Press as the third in Solnit's trilogy of American city atlases, features a few of these experiential charts of New York, from "Brooklyn Villages" on the Native American settlements, Dutch villages, and contemporary ethnic enclaves of the borough, to "Mother Tongues and Queens" on that borough's 800 languages.

In addition, students originate from 59 different countries and have 33 different mother tongues in total.

At this event, the Propaganda students would recite poems in their respective mother tongues to the delight of guests.

Linguists generally distinguish the terms "language" and "dialects" on the basis of 'mutual comprehension'. The Indian census uses two specific classifications in a distinctive way: (1) 'language' and (2) 'mother tongue'. The 'mother tongues' are grouped within each 'language'. Many 'mother tongues' so defined would be considered a language rather than a dialect by linguistic standards.

The 2001 census found 224,926 speakers of Malto, of which 83,050 were labelled as speaking Pahariya, and 141,876 spoke other mother tongues (dialects).

This is specifically the case for many 'mother tongues' with tens of millions of speakers that are officially grouped under the 'language' Hindi.

She collaborated with poet and singer-songwriter, Christie Kandiwa, on the piece entitled SEE x SEA for the Mother Tongues Festival in February 2020.

The five most populous mother tongues were (with percentage of ST population in brackets): Santali (70.12%), Munda (17.05%), Oraon (5.90%), Karmali (4.23%) and Mahli (3.23%).

According to the District Census Handbook, Cooch Behar, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother- tongue of 90.3% of the population of Cooch Behar district, followed by Hindi (1.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Sadan/ Sadri (0.2%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (0.1%) and Santali (0.1%). Marwari, Rajbansi, Munda, Rabha, Rajasthani, Assamese and Koch were the mother- tongues of smaller proportion of the population. People with other mother-tongues formed 6.9% of the population. The proportion of those whose mother-tongue was Bengali declined from 96.1% in 1961 to 90.3% in 2001 and the proportion of those with other mother tongues increased from 0.2% in 1961 to 6.9% in 2001.

According to the District Census Handbook, Cooch Behar, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.3% of the population of Cooch Behar district, followed by Hindi (1.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Sadan/ Sadri (0.2%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (0.1%) and Santali (0.1%). Marwari, Rajbansi, Munda, Rabha, Rajasthani, Assamese and Koch were the mother- tongues of smaller proportion of the population. People with other mother-tongues formed 6.9% of the population. The proportion of those whose mother-tongue was Bengali declined from 96.1% in 1961 to 90.3% in 2001 and the proportion of those with other mother tongues increased from 0.2% in 1961 to 6.9% in 2001.

According to the District Census Handbook, Cooch Behar, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother- tongue of 90.3% of the population of Cooch Behar district, followed by Hindi (1.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Sadan/ Sadri (0.2%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (0.1%) and Santali (0.1%). Marwari, Rajbansi, Munda, Rabha, Rajasthani, Assamese and Koch were the mother- tongues of smaller proportion of the population. People with other mother-tongues formed 6.9% of the population. The proportion of those whose mother-tongue was Bengali declined from 96.1% in 1961 to 90.3% in 2001 and the proportion of those with other mother tongues increased from 0.2% in 1961 to 6.9% in 2001.

According to the District Census Handbook, Cooch Behar, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.3% of the population of Cooch Behar district, followed by Hindi (1.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Sadan/ Sadri (0.2%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (0.1%) and Santali (0.1%). Marwari, Rajbansi, Munda, Rabha, Rajasthani, Assamese and Koch were the mother- tongues of smaller proportion of the population. People with other mother-tongues formed 6.9% of the population. The proportion of those whose mother-tongue was Bengali declined from 96.1% in 1961 to 90.3% in 2001 and the proportion of those with other mother tongues increased from 0.2% in 1961 to 6.9% in 2001.

According to the District Census Handbook, Cooch Behar, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother- tongue of 90.3% of the population of Cooch Behar district, followed by Hindi (1.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Sadan/ Sadri (0.2%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (0.1%) and Santali (0.1%). Marwari, Rajbansi, Munda, Rabha, Rajasthani, Assamese and Koch were the mother- tongues of smaller proportion of the population. People with other mother-tongues formed 6.9% of the population. The proportion of those whose mother-tongue was Bengali declined from 96.1% in 1961 to 90.3% in 2001 and the proportion of those with other mother tongues increased from 0.2% in 1961 to 6.9% in 2001.

According to the District Census Handbook, Cooch Behar, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.3% of the population of Cooch Behar district, followed by Hindi (1.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Sadan/ Sadri (0.2%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (0.1%) and Santali (0.1%). Marwari, Rajbansi, Munda, Rabha, Rajasthani, Assamese and Koch were the mother- tongues of smaller proportion of the population. People with other mother-tongues formed 6.9% of the population. The proportion of those whose mother-tongue was Bengali declined from 96.1% in 1961 to 90.3% in 2001 and the proportion of those with other mother tongues increased from 0.2% in 1961 to 6.9% in 2001.

In the social context, available websites might not reach everyone, since people speak different mother tongues., Brand South Africa. The languages of South Africa. Retrieved 19 February 2012.

Najarro was born on June 3, 1993 in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. Fluent in English and French, she also speaks Polish and Spanish, the mother tongues of her parents.

The majority (83.5%) of Red Deer residents identified English as their first language. Other common mother tongues were Tagalog (3.8%), Spanish (1.8%), French (1.3%), Chinese Languages (0.8%), and Arabic (0.8%).

The "mother tongues" hypothesis was proposed in 2004 as a possible solution to this problem. W. Tecumseh Fitch suggested that the Darwinian principle of 'kin selection'—the convergence of genetic interests between relatives—might be part of the answer. Fitch suggests that languages were originally 'mother tongues'. If language evolved initially for communication between mothers and their own biological offspring, extending later to include adult relatives as well, the interests of speakers and listeners would have tended to coincide.

The "mother tongues" hypothesis was proposed in 2004 as a possible solution to this problem. W. Tecumseh Fitch suggested that the Darwinian principle of "kin selection" — the convergence of genetic interests between relatives — might be part of the answer. Fitch suggests that spoken languages were originally "mother tongues". If speech evolved initially for communication between mothers and their own biological offspring, extending later to include adult relatives as well, the interests of speakers and listeners would have tended to coincide.

India census, Anandpur Kalu had a population of 8,334. Males constitute 51% (4,276) of the population and females 49% (4,058). The mother tongues are Rajasthani and Hindi. Men wear mainly safa and women wear lahnga.

The Kalenjin speak Kalenjin languages as mother tongues. The language grouping belongs to the Nilotic family. The majority of Kalenjin speakers are found in Kenya with smaller populations in Tanzania (e.g., Akie) and Uganda (e.g.

Mother tongues in the province according to 2001 census: Population to 01.03.2001 by District and Mother Tongue from Bulgarian National Statistical Institute: Census 2001 306,118 Bulgarian (), 19,819 Turkish (), 9,232 Romani () and 6004 others and unspecified ().

Mother tongues in the province according to 2001 census: Population to 01.03.2001 by District and Mother Tongue from Bulgarian National Statistical Institute: Census 2001 260,817 Bulgarian (), 24,204 Romani (), 21,902 Turkish () and 3800 others and unspecified ().

27-34 Due to similarities of the mother tongues spoken by the two ethnic groups, the locals called the new refugees also Serbs. The Bulgarians were given land by the river where they created vegetable gardens.

The languages of Djibouti include Arabic and French (official), and Somali and Afar (primary), which are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the larger Afro-Asiatic family.

The index does not consider how different the languages are from each other, nor does it account for second language usage; it considers only the total number of distinct languages, and their relative frequency as mother tongues.

Meanwhile, all pupils of the following mother tongues are automatically enrolled in ESL2: Czech, Danish, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Maltese, Romanian, Slovenian, Slovakian and Croatian. Supplementary Irish language classes are available in both schools for Irish pupils enrolled in the English sections.

At first the school serviced only Finnish speaking immigrants, but in 1996 it was designated a Multicultural Folk High School, taking in immigrants who speak Somali, Arabic and Kurdish.. The staff and students speak more than 24 different mother tongues.

As of 2000, English as a first language accounted for 81.91% of all residents, while Spanish accounted for 12.90%, Yiddish made up 2.03%, German was at 1.52%, and both French and Italian were the mother tongues for 0.81% of the population.

Chung was born in Montreal to a Chinese-Vietnamese father and a native Vietnamese mother.Christy Chung - Biography She grew up in Brossard, Quebec, a suburb of Montreal, with French and Vietnamese as mother-tongues. She later learned English, Mandarin and Cantonese.

The 1961 census recognized 1,652 mother tongues, counting all declarations made by any individual at the time when the census was conducted. However, the declaring individuals often mixed names of languages with those of dialects, sub-dialects and dialect clusters or even castes, professions, religions, localities, regions, countries and nationalities. The list therefore includes "languages" with barely a few individual speakers as well as 530 unclassified "mother tongues" and more than 100 idioms that are non-native to India, including linguistically unspecific demonyms such as "African", "Canadian" or "Belgian". Modifications were done by bringing in two additional components- place of birth i.e.

Jordi Mollà y Perales was born and raised in Barcelona, Spain. He trained at the Institut del Teatre, and furthered his studies in Italy, Hungary, and England. His mother tongues are Catalan and Spanish, and he is fluent in English, Italian, and French.

Sadri, also known as Nagpuri, is a Bihari-group language that functions as the lingua franca of the linguistically diverse Chota Nagpur plateau in India, mainly in the state of Jharkhand. It is frequently used between tribes who have different mother tongues.

Djibouti is a multilingual nation. The majority of local residents speak Somali (524,000 speakers) and Afar (306,000 speakers) as first languages. These idioms are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the larger Afroasiatic Cushitic family.

It was used by up to 100,000 speakers of 100 mother tongues in the 19th century. Then declined, was recorded by linguists in the 1930s, and died out by the early 1900s. The Chinook people were finally recognized by the US Govt. in Jan.

After the reinstatement of democracy in 1990, restrictions on publishing were relaxed; but attempts to gain usage in local state entities side by side with Nepali failed. On 1 June 1999, the Supreme Court forbade Kathmandu Metropolitan City from giving official recognition to Nepal Bhasa, and Rajbiraj Municipality and Dhanusa District Development Committee from recognizing Maithili. The Interim Constitution of Nepal 2007 recognizes all the languages spoken as mother tongues in Nepal as the national languages of Nepal. It says that Nepali in Devanagari script shall be the language of official business, however, the use of mother tongues in local bodies or offices shall not be considered a barrier.

Africans may have spoken their mother tongues as well.A Brief Outline of the History of New Netherland . Coins.nd.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-23. English was on the rise to become the vehicular language in world trade, and settlement by individuals or groups of English-speakers started early.

Telesphore Placidus Toppo (born 15 October 1939) is an Indian Cardinal and was the Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ranchi from 1984 until his resignation was accepted on 24 June 2018. A polyglot, Toppo speaks Sadri, Oraon (mother tongues), Hindi (national language), English and Italian.

As the region was ethnically diverse, an autonomous, neutral, cantonized by Swiss model state was proposed, where all nationalities will preserve their mother tongues and religions, enjoying the same democratic political rights.Tanașoca, Anca, Nicolae-Șerban Tanașoca. Unitate romanică și diversitate balcanică. Editura Fundației PRO, 2004. p. 156.

In Canada, an allophone is a resident whose mother tongue or home language is neither French nor English. The term parallels anglophone and francophone, which designate people whose mother tongues are English and French, respectively. Native speakers of aboriginal languages are generally not treated as allophones.

The region is linguistically diverse. According to the 2011 Census of Canada, the most common mother tongues were French (34.7%), Cree (34.3%), Inuktitut (25.0%), and English (4.3%). 50.9% of residents reported being able to speak French, the official language of the province, and 63.3% could speak English.

This village is a place where one can see a mixture of people from different cultures, ethnicities and origins. There are Rais, Magars, Gurungs, Tamangs, Newars and Tharus with their own mother tongues in addition to the people of different castes whose mother tongue is the proper Nepali language.

Farah Elle played her first headline gig at Sin É, Dublin in 2016. She played at the 2016 KnockanStockan music festival. She collaborated with CunninLynguists on the single Oh Honey and with Bantum on Feel It Out. She performed with at the 2019 Mother Tongues festival at Rua Red.

Jill Asemota was born in Heidelberg (Germany), to a Nigerian father and a German mother. She studied at the International school in Heidelberg. She was brought up bi-lingual, speaking both German and English as her mother tongues. Jill studied media and communication science at the University of Stuttgart.

Her mother tongues are Spanish and Catalan, although she has also studied English and French. She started as an actress in series Poblenou (TV3). In 2001, she starred in the film Fausto 5.0. In 2002, she participated in the series Por Palabras like Barbara which in the end it wasn't finished.

Djibouti is a multilingual nation. The majority of local residents speak Somali (350,000 speakers in Djibouti city and Ali Sabieh) and Afar (300,000 speakers) as a first language. These idioms are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the larger Afroasiatic family.

Centre for Research in Pedagogy and Practice. Nanyang Institute of Education,Singapore. The Bilingual Policy encourages Singaporeans to be proficient in both the English language, and in their respective ethnic mother tongues, which include Chinese Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil. Bilingual education is provided by the Ministry of Education in Singapore.

Most common mother tongues are English (28.48%), Cantonese (21.47%). In 2006, 47.04% of residents of Ward 3 that were 15 years and older had some amount of university education. Most of the residents in this area are middle-class families. In 2005, 42.62% of Richmond Hill households earned $100,000 and above.

Tagawa was born in Tokyo, Japan, the son of a Japanese actress and Japanese-American father who served in the United States Army and was stationed at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, Fort Polk, Louisiana and Fort Hood, Texas. His mother tongues are English and Japanese but he also speaks some Korean and Spanish.

Hispanic Romance languages were born in the North of the Peninsula (Galician, Leonese, Castilian, Navarro-Aragonese, Catalonian). were his two mother tongues. Juan later became privy counsellor and finance minister to King John III of Navarre (Jean d'Albret). Francis's mother was Doña María de Azpilcueta y Aznárez, sole heiress of two noble Navarrese families.

Hindi is also a lingua franca in Nepal. In the Terai i.e. floodplain districts of Nepal (along the Indian border), Hindi is a dominant language, though the people's mother tongues are typically Awadhi, Maithili, or Bhojpuri. Additionally, Hindustani is quite useful throughout the Middle East countries due to the export of labor from South Asia.

The language of instruction is English. At the age of seven, students can choose a second foreign language (German, French or Spanish). Slovak and Korean nationals can study their mother tongues during the curriculum time. The school is accredited be the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic, Cambridge Examinations Board and International Baccalaureate Organisation.

Djibouti is a multilingual nation. According to Ethnologue, the majority of the population speaks Somali (524,000 speakers) or Afar (306,000 speakers) as a first language, which are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the larger Afroasiatic family. There are two official languages in Djibouti: Arabic (Afroasiatic) and French (Indo-European).

Additionally, Hindi-Urdu is an important cultural language for South Asians who have different mother tongues. Bollywood in particular, as well as film music, is an important cultural product that influences South Asian youth. Many South Indians, Indian Bengalis and Bangladeshis learn the language through films and music and Hindustani, when mixed with English, is a community lingua franca.

Lord's Prayer in Swahili, a Bantu language that alongside English serves as a lingua franca for many in Kenya. Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English and Swahili, serve as the main lingua franca between the various ethnic groups. English is widely spoken in commerce, schooling and government.

Djibouti is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue, the majority of the population speaks Somali (524,000 speakers) or Afar (306,000 speakers) as a first language, which are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the larger Afro-Asiatic family. There are two official languages in Djibouti: Arabic and French.

Nissar Ahmed belongs to the group of Kannada writers who excelled in Kannada literary work even though their mother tongues were not Kannada. These included D. R. Bendre, D. V. Gundappa, G. P. Rajarathnam, Masti Venkatesha Iyengar, N. Kasturi and also Nissar Ahmed. He is best known for Nityotsava (ನಿತ್ಯೋತ್ಸವ). The Nityotsava compilation was released in the year 1978.

As of 2000, English was the first language for 56.72% of all residents, while Spanish accounted for 38.22%, French Creole accounted for 3.50%, French made up 0.43%, Portuguese totaled 0.34%, Finnish was at 0.27%, and both German and Italian were the mother tongues for 0.24% of the population. Epiphany Lutheran, in the Corridor, erecting its new cross.

According to the 2011 census, over 70 000 people in Toronto list Tagalog as their mother tongue. Tagalog is in the top 20 mother tongues listed in Toronto's 140 neighbourhoods. In 22 of those neighbourhoods, over 1000 people list it as their mother tongue. Tagalog mother tongue speakers are largely concentrated in neighbourhoods such as Scarborough and North York.

The estimates of how many people have some command of each of the Sami languages differ from the number of people who list them as their mother tongues. Of the total population of 6,863 in 2010, 6,366 people registered Finnish as their mother tongue and 400 one of the Sami languages. 97 inhabitants were native speakers of other languages.

A randomly selected pair of people in Ghana has only an 8.1% chance of sharing a mother tongue. African countries suffer from communication difficulties caused by language diversity. Greenberg's diversity index is the chance that two randomly selected people would have different mother tongues. Out of the most diverse 25 countries according to this index, 18 (72%) are African.

Out of the circa 120 persons staying that first winter in the premises of Hotel Strandbo, a couple of families have chosen to stay in Nagu after receiving residential permits. Through the addition of two Syrian refugee families receiving homes in Nagu in 2018 the Arabic language probably now holds third place among mother tongues spoken in Nagu.

Sign saying "Wheni Lheidli T'enneh ts'inli" meaning we are Lheidli T'enneh in the Lheidli dialect. According to a 2016 census conducted by the Government of Canada, there were 1,270 fluent speakers of the Carrier language. Among the 1,270 speakers, 1,045 have the language as a single mother tongue and 225 have the language as one of their mother tongues.

A second Linguistic Survey of India project was initiated by the Language Division of Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India in 1984. This project is ongoing and at the end of year 2010 approximately 40% of the survey has been completed. This survey has a limited objective to trace the changes in the linguistic scenario after Grierson’s study."Preface, Linguistic Survey of India Sikkim Part-I", Language Division, Office of the Registrar General, INDIA, (November, 2009) Several professional linguists have criticized the project for repeating Grierson's methodological mistakes – like choosing local language teachers or government officials as informants rather than laypersons for collecting the linguistic data. The 1991 census of India found 1,576 "mother tongues" with separate grammatical structures and 1,796 languages classified as "other mother tongues".

This town is under Bilasipara Municipal Board (BMB) and is part of two MLA constituency namely 27 Bilasipara East 26 Bilasipara West. It has a population of approximately fifty thousand (excluding the Bilasipara sub-division). The widely spoken language of the town is 'Ujani'; the locals call it 'Desi'. People of many religions, castes and mother-tongues are found here.

The estimates of how many people have some command of each of the Sami languages differ from the number of people who list them as their mother tongues. Of the total population of 6,863 in 2010, 6,366 people registered Finnish and 400 people registered one of the Sami languages as their mother tongue. Ninety-seven inhabitants were native speakers of other languages.

Local private markets tend to have bilingual meetings (the local language plus another), and the interpreters work both into and out of their mother tongues. These markets are not mutually exclusive. The International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC) is the only worldwide association of conference interpreters. Founded in 1953, its membership includes more than 2,800 professional conference interpreters, in more than 90 countries.

This is especially popular with students who are struggling with their mother tongues, expatriates, or students returning from abroad. Non-Chinese students may also study Standard Mandarin and non-Malay students Malay as a third language. This programme is known as CSP (Chinese Special Programme) and MSP (Malay Special Programme). Mother Tongue teachers conduct these lessons in school after usual hours.

Maroon settlements often possessed a clannish, outsider identity. They sometimes developed Creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages. One such maroon creole language, in Suriname, is Saramaccan. At other times, the maroons would adopt variations of a local European language (creolization) as a common tongue, for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of mother tongues.

Various pidgin languages have been used in many locations and times as a common trade speech. They can be based on English, French, Chinese, or indeed any other language. A pidgin is defined by its use as a lingua franca, between populations speaking other mother tongues. When a pidgin becomes a population's first language, then it is called a creole language.

Joyce Caroline Mercy was born on 22 July 1938 in the New South Wales town of Maclean, one of 15 children. Although Aboriginal children attending mission schools were strongly discouraged from speaking their mother tongues, Clague learned the Yaegl language to communicate with her grandparents and maintain a strong connection to her culture. As a teenager, she studied nursing in Sydney.

In the five years leading up to 2012, the number of illiterate migrants doubled, they had fewer than three years to no schooling from their origin country. In 2011, about 19,200 migrants in the Swedish for immigrants programme had 0–3 years of education. For instance in Borlänge, 4 out of 10 of those who completed the introduction for immigrants had no education at all, the majority being women. As of 2007, according to the National Center for SFI and Sweden as Another Speech (NC) and the Institute for Sweden as Another Speech (ISA), a total of 137 foreign languages were spoken as mother tongues by students within the Swedish For Immigrants program. Of these languages, the most common mother tongues of pupils within the Sfi 1 tier were Arabic (2,000), Thai (1,500), Somali (1,500), Kurdish/North Kurdish (1,150), Southern Kurdish (740) and Turkish (650). According to Statistics Sweden, as of 2012, the most common countries of birth for pupils in the Swedish For Immigrants program are Iraq (13,477), Somalia (10,355), Thailand (5,658), Poland (5,079), Iran (4,748), Turkey (3,344), China (3,408), Eritrea (3,618), Afghanistan (3,640), and Syria (3,257). The most common mother tongues spoken by the students are Arabic (18,886), Somali (10,525), Persian (7,162), Thai (5,707), Polish (5,100), English (4,796), Spanish (4,552), Tigrinya (3,623), Turkish (3,064), and North Kurdish (3,059).

According to the constitution of Nepal, "all languages spoken as the mother tongues in Nepal are the languages of the nation".Constitution of Nepal, Part-1 Preliminary Many of the languages also have various dialects. For example, the Rai language has about 30 dialects. Sometimes the distinction between dialects or completely different languages is unclear and might differ in opinions from person to person.

In 2003, the government introduced the policy of teaching Science and Mathematics subjects in English in all schools. This was protested by education groups that advocate the use of mother tongues as mediums of instruction in schools. In 2009, the government announced a return to the previous mediums of instruction starting in 2012. This in turn was met with opposition from parents that support the 2003 policy.

Kokkola marks the northernmost settlement area of the Swedish-speaking population of Finland (Finland-Swedes) on the western coast of Finland. 84.0% of the inhabitants of Kokkola speak Finnish as their mother tongue, 12.6% Swedish. The remaining 3.4% speak Estonian, Russian or other mother tongues. Kokkola is an official bilingual city with Finnish as the language of the majority and Swedish as the language of the minority.

Laestadius's mother tongues were Southern Sami from his mother and Swedish, the language of his childhood home, from his father. Laestadius also spoke Pite Sami. After a year in Karesuando, Laestadius spoke Finnish and Northern Sami as well. He usually held his services in Finnish since it was the most widespread language in the area, but on occasion also preached in the Northern Sami and Swedish languages.

Their teachers' English was too poor to teach their students and there was lack of English teaching materials. The Ethiopian Teach English for Life (TELL) program aims to improve English teaching in primary schools. New textbooks in English, Amharic and other mother tongues have been printed and are being distributed to primary schools. TELL is instigating a nationwide in- service teacher training program and an EGRA.

3–32 Besides government administrative domains where English is widely practised, English has gradually been inculcated into social, family and individual habitats as well. Despite the government's attempt to maintain symbolic and cultural capital in the Mother tongues, English has been deeply integrated into the local linguistic landscape of Singapore.Silver, R. E. (2005). The discourse of linguistic capital: Language and economic policy planning in Singapore.

After returning from Southeast Asia, Xu Nangying obtained his family registration in Fujian and settled down in Guangzhou where Xu lived and studied. During his stay in Guangzhou, Xu learned Cantonese, Cantonese opera, Cantonese folk songs and pipa. He spoke both Taiwanese Hokkien and Teowchew dialect as his mother tongues. Although he studied at a modern school in Guangzhou, he was deeply influenced by traditional Chinese studies.

The 1991 census recognizes 1,576 classified "mother tongues". According to the 1991 census, 22 'languages' had more than a million native speakers, 50 had more than 100,000 and 114 had more than 10,000 native speakers. The remaining accounted for a total of 566,000 native speakers (out of a total of 838 million Indians in 1991). The number of Sanskrit speakers in India in 1991 census was 49,736.

In 1930 the urban population of Hotin County was 15,334, which included 37.7% Jews, 36.6% Russians, 14.8% Ukrainians, 8.8% Romanians, and 1.5% Poles by ethnicity. The major mother tongues among the urban population were: Yiddish (37.6%), Russian (37.5%), Ukrainian (14.7%), Romanian (8.6%), and Polish (1.2%) The religious mix of the urban population was 57.6% Eastern Orthodox, 37.7% Jewish, 2.1% Old Believers, and 1.6% Roman Catholic.

Upon entrance to school, children of diverse cultures are forced to abandon their cultural roots and their mother tongues, to the benefit of the normative language chosen by the school. Research has shown that school, by acting to transmit a country's norms, contributes to the destruction of diversity, can even create in certain children a rejection of their mother language that is shown to be the cause of their learning difficulties.

The sideshow has run continuously to this day. In 2017, City Lore presented the exhibit Boardwalk Renaissance: How the Arts Saved Coney Island. In 2014, City Lore opened its own storefront gallery at 56 E. First Street. Exhibits have included Mother Tongues: Endangered Languages Spoken in New York City and Beyond (2015); What We Bring: New Immigrant Gifts (2018); and Bama and Pistol: Pioneers of Subway Graffiti (2019).

During the 19th century, it was lost in some villages like Pentedattilo, Africo, Brancaleone, Motta San Giovanni, Montebello, and San Lorenzo, on the Ionic side of Aspromonte; and in the early 20th century, that spread to the towns of Palizzi, Staiti, Cardeto, Roccaforte del Greco, Amendolea and Condofuri. During the fascist period in Italy, linguistic minorities were strongly discouraged from using their mother tongues, which affected the use of Calabrian Greek.

Eventually, the profile gained friends among foreigners, who translated it into their mother tongues. The Center collected a sizable piece of data about Henio (including the letters and pictures sent by his family to the relatives), that enabled it to create a rather in-depth reconstruction of boy’s life. But due to the violation of Facebook regulations (creating an impostors account) Henio Żytomirski page was deleted in July 2010.

Additional mother tongues may be studied after school. The school's current Executive Director is Dan Brenner. UNIS is a member of the Council of International Schools, the International Baccalaureate Organization, the European Council of International Schools, the New York State Association of Independent Schools, the National Association of Independent Schools, the College Board and is registered with the New York Board of Regents as an independent, not-for-profit school.

The majority of the Chinese indentured labourers came from the Guangdong province and generally spoke Cantonese or Hakka as their primary language. However, their descendants in Samoa have adopted Samoan and English as their mother tongues, while Cantonese is still reportedly spoken by a few elderly people.Barmé (2006), p. 698 Since the 1980s, the overwhelming majority of Chinese immigrants and enterprises are derived from mainland China where Mandarin Chinese is spoken.

The Canadian education system is utilizing the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages as a basis for their plurilingual education. Asian countries that are highly multilingual are also considering plurilingual education. South Asian countries have many mother- tongues, however economies and societies may be based on another language. Plurilingual education benefits the individuals of such countries by gaining functional competency in multiple languages for specific social situations and pluricultural competence.

Furthermore, it produces various inequalities regarding the fulfillment of language rights by different groups: some of them are able to achieve their rights through the program but many others are not. In addition, the IBE program in Nicaragua is largely based on an early-transitional model designed for a facilitated transition into a monolingual Spanish environment and less focused in the long-term maintenance of individuals’ mother tongues.

They also acquire those languages from interacting with friends in school and other places. Naturally, the presence of other languages in Singapore has influenced Singapore English, something particularly apparent in Singlish. Both Singapore English and Singapore colloquial English are used with multiple accents. Because Singaporeans speak different ethnic mother tongues, they exhibit ethnic-specific features in their speech such that their ethnicity can be readily identified from their speech alone.

Orwin's ongoing research interests include language use in poetry, particularly in the metrics of Somali verse. In addition, he has translated a number of Somali poems, two of which were published in the Modern Poetry in Translation (No.17 Mother Tongues Special Edition 2001) compendium. Orwin has worked closely with a number of Somali poets, including Gaarriye and Hadraawi, and is very involved with the Poetry Translation Centre based in London.

The Cushitic and Arab ethnic minorities speak languages belonging to the separate Afroasiatic family, with the Hindustani and British residents speaking languages from the Indo-European family.Ethnologue - Languages of Kenya Kenya's various ethnic groups typically speak their mother tongues within their own communities. The two official languages, English and Swahili, are used in varying degrees of fluency for communication with other populations. English is widely spoken in commerce, schooling and government.

To meet the needs of smaller linguistic groups within the Indian community, five other Indian languages, namely Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Punjabi and Urdu, have been offered as mother tongues since the early 1990s. Lessons are held outside school hours at special centres run by seven Indian community groups, who employ their own teachers and design their own syllabuses."The Board", Board for the Teaching & Testing of South Asian Languages.

Sfi 1 consists of the study courses A and B, which are aimed at pupils with little or no education and individuals who are illiterate. Sfi 2 includes the study courses B and C, which are earmarked for students who have undergone many years of schooling but are unfamiliar with the Latin script. Sfi 3 includes the study courses C and D, which are geared toward pupils with college education that are seeking further studies. As of 2007, according to the National Center for SFI and Sweden as Another Speech (NC) and the Institute for Sweden as Another Speech (ISA), a total of 137 foreign languages were spoken as mother tongues by students within the Swedish For Immigrants program. Of these languages, the most common mother tongues of pupils within the Sfi 1 tier were Arabic (2,036), Thai (1,510), Somali (1,473), Kurdish/North Kurdish (1,150), Southern Kurdish (740), Turkish (650), Spanish (281), Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (277), and Persian (273).

In 1930, the county's urban population was 68,347 inhabitants, comprising 75.4% Romanians, 9.7% Jews, 6.7% Greeks, 1.7% Hungarians, 1.6% Russians, as well as other minorities. Mother tongues among the urban population were Romanian (82.6%), Greek (5.8%), Yiddish (4.8%), Russian (1.9%), Hungarian (1.5%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of 84.4% Eastern Orthodox, 10.4% Jewish, 3.2% Roman Catholic, as well as other minorities.

In 1911, these students established the Chung Hwa Hui, which was in contact with various Chinese organizations and political parties in Europe.Stutje 2015 Largely of Peranakan origin, the students tended to speak Indonesian local languages as their mother tongues, and had already done their early education at Dutch-medium schools. However, with increasing tensions in Indonesia–Netherlands relations in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the number of students dropped off sharply.

Because of immigration, Singapore has a Chinese majority population with significant minority populations of Malays and Indians (predominantly Tamils). Other prominent smaller groups include Peranakans, Eurasians and Europeans. Besides English, Singapore recognizes three other languages—Malay, Mandarin Chinese and Tamil. English was established as the medium of instruction in schools during the 1960s and 1970s and is the language of trade and government while the other three languages are taught as second languages ("mother tongues").

Most Dahalik men have regular contact with Arabic, Tigre, and Afar, and any mixed marriages usually result in the children learning two mother tongues. Dahalik speakers also consider their language to be a mix of Arabic, Tigre, and a small amount of Tigrinya. Overall, there are only a few elderly monolingual speakers of Dahalik. However, Dahalik speakers do have positive attitudes towards the language, and see it as an essential part of their cultural identity.

86.4% of residents spoke English as their first language. Other common mother tongues are German (2.2%), Punjabi (1.8%), French (1.8%), Portuguese (0.7%) and Tagalog (0.6%). As of 2011, 52.9% of residents were Christian. The largest denominations were Catholic (15.8%), other Christian (14.5%) United Church (8.6%), Anglican (4.7%), and Baptist (2.0%) The largest minority religions were Sikhism, practiced by 1.7% of the population and Buddhism, practiced by 0.5%, while 43.5% held no religious affiliation.

Before Gunnar leaves for college, it is revealed that Psycho Loco has indeed ordered Gunnar a wife from Japan when she arrives by UPS on Gunnar's 18th birthday. Yoshiko Katsu speaks little English but is an immediate hit with Gunnar's mother. For their honeymoon, Gunnar and Yoshiko drive to an amusement park, listening to the radio and attempting to bridge the gap between their two mother tongues. Moving to Boston, Gunnar attends one class at BU: Creative Writing 104.

The sayings attributed to Sultan Sahak are written in Gorani Kurdish, the sacred language of the Ahl-e Haqq, which also is known as Hawrami dialects. However, few modern Yarsani can read or write Gorani (a Northwestern Iranian language belonging to the branch Zaza-Gorani) as their mother tongues are Southern Kurdish and Sorani Kurdish, which belong to the other two branches of the Kurdish language family. Some Yarsani literature is written in the Persian language.

Interpreting booths at a conference by the World Trade Organization 2017 Conference interpreting refers to interpretation at a conference or large meeting, either simultaneously or consecutively. The advent of multi-lingual meetings has reduced the amount of consecutive interpretation in the last 20 years. Conference interpretation is divided between two markets: institutional and private. International institutions (EU, UN, EPO, et cetera), which hold multilingual meetings, often favor interpreting several foreign languages into the interpreters' mother tongues.

The use of an intermediary auxiliary language (also called a "working language", "bridge language", "vehicular language" or "unifying language") to make communication possible between people not sharing a first language, in particular when it is a third language, distinct from both mother tongues,Viacheslav A. Chirikba, "The problem of the Caucasian Sprachbund" in Pieter Muysken, ed., From Linguistic Areas to Areal Linguistics, 2008, p. 31. may be almost as old as language itself. Certainly they have existed since antiquity.

Meanwhile, the rest are "mother tongues" that are associated with the country's culture. Speaking Standard English also helps Singaporeans communicate and express themselves in their everyday life. The Singaporean government recently made an announcement named "Speak Good English Movement brings fun back to Grammar and good English" where the strategies used to promote their program are explained. Specifically, it would release a series of videos that demystify the difficulty and dullness of the grammatical rules of the English language.

James Cohen, Kara T. McAlister, Kellie Rolstad, and Jeff MacSwan, 625-635. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press. Additionally, Higher Mother Tongue (HMT) is offered as an additional and optional examinable subject to those with the interest and ability to handle the higher standards demanded by HMT. The content taught to students in HMT is of a higher level of difficulty and is more in-depth so as to help students achieve a higher proficiency in their respective mother tongues.

However, the use of English to teach students' mother tongue in schools is treated as taboo in Singapore."", Language, Capital, Culture, 2007. Another controversy is in relation to the weightage allocated to Mother Tongues in examinations such as the PSLE. Parents have complained that their children can possibly be excluded from further progression and disadvantaged in their education path if they are unable to excel in their Mother Tongue, despite doing well in the other subjects.

Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue, for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues. What you are about to hear is a family’s journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song. Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage. Let this music, Maroon Music, serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated.

The first success for spreading Hindi occurred in Bihar in 1881, when Hindi displaced Urdu as the sole official language of the province. In this struggle between competing Hindi and Urdu, the potential claims of the three large mother tongues in the region – Bhojpuri, Maithili and Magahi were ignored. After independence Hindi was again given the sole official status through the Bihar Official Language Act, 1950.Brass Paul R., The Politics of India Since Independence, Cambridge University Press, pp.

The first success for spreading Hindi occurred in Bihar in 1881, when Hindi displaced Urdu as the sole official language of the province. In this struggle between competing Hindi and Urdu, the potential claims of the three large mother tongues in the region - Magahi, Bhojpuri and Maithili were ignored. After independence Hindi was again given the sole official status through the Bihar Official Language Act, 1950. Brass Paul R., The Politics of India Since Independence, Cambridge University Press, pp.

A multitude of languages are used in Canada. According to the 2016 census, English and French are the mother tongues of 56.0% and 21.4% of Canadians respectively. In total 86.2% of Canadians have working knowledge of English while 29.8% have a working knowledge of French. Under the Official Languages Act of 1969, both English and French have official federal status throughout Canada, in respect of all government services, including the courts, and all federal legislation is enacted bilingually.

Mother tongue is defined by Statistics Canada as the "first language learned at home during childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census."Louise Marmen and Jean-Pierre Corbeil, New Canadian Perspectives: Languages in Canada 2001 Census. Ottawa: Statistics Canada and Department of Canadian Heritage, 2004, p. 139. Because some children are born into marriages between parents who use different languages in the home, the census allows individuals to indicate multiple mother tongues.

Thus, even pure Hawaiian children would converse daily with their schoolmates of diverse mother tongues in English, which was now not just the teachers' language but also the common language needed for everyday communication among friends and neighbours out of school as well. In only a generation English (or rather Pidgin) would become the primary and dominant language of all children, despite the efforts of Hawaiian and immigrant parents to maintain their ancestral languages within the family.

There were various Algonquian languages; Walloons and Huguenots tended to speak French, and Scandinavians and Germans brought their own tongues. It is likely that the Africans on Manhattan spoke their mother tongues but were taught Dutch from 1638 by Adam Roelantsz van Dokkum.Jacobs, J. (2005) New Netherland: a Dutch colony in seventeenth-century America, p. 313. The arrival of refugees from New Holland in Brazil may have brought speakers of Portuguese, Spanish, and Ladino (with Hebrew as a liturgical language).

In 1930, the county's urban population was 41,632 inhabitants, comprising 64.7% Romanians, 12.8% Russians, 5.5% Turks, 4.4% Greeks, 3.3% Bulgarians, 2.5% Jews, 0.8% Germans, as well as other minorities. Mother tongues among the urban population were Romanian (69.4%), followed by Russian (15.0%), Turkish (5.5%), Greek (3.9%), Yiddish (1.5%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of 87.5% Eastern Orthodox, 5.7% Muslim, 2.6% Jewish, 1.9% Roman Catholic, as well as other minorities.

Rugyendo originally penned the poem in his Senior Six at Ntare School in Mbarara. Some time later Richard Ntiru, editor of the poetry collection Tensions, and an old schoolmate, wrote to him from Uganda Publishing House in Kampala, where he was doing vacation work, to let him know that the house was looking to collect poems originally composed in mother tongues and translated by their authors into English. Rugyendo complied, submitting two pieces in both forms. One was "My Husband Has Gone".

Mishkeegogamang First Nation is an Ojibway band government (First Nation) in the Canadian province of Ontario. Until 1993, the band was called the Osnaburgh First Nation, with various settlements at times being called New Osnaburgh, Osnaburgh House, or Osnaburgh ("Oz" for short). Mishkeegogamang descend historically from a mixture of two primary ancestral and cultural traditions (both First Nations): Oji-Cree. Mother Tongues: Ojibwe Anishinaabemowin, ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ It is located along Highway 599 in the Kenora District, approximately south of Pickle Lake.

Postilė, signed "per Jona Bretkuna Lietuwos plebona Karaliaucziuj Prusu"Another page of Postilė Jonas Bretkūnas, Johann(es) Bretke was born in Duchy of Prussia (a fief of Poland) in 1536. His father was German (according to Gerullis) or Germanized Prussian,Bretkūnas ir jo svarbiausias rankraštis and his mother from a native Prussian family. The language spoken in the area was primarily German, while Jonas Bretkūnas' mother tongues were Old Prussian and Lithuanian. Lithuanian language was also used in state chancellery as well.

As a teenager, Müller was part of different bands, including Touch El Arab, whose song "Muhammar" became a top 5 hit in Switzerland in 1987. After studies at the Universities of Basel and Zürich he moved to Paris to study at "Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales". At the same time he continued music and founded together with Paris-based American singer/songwriter Gabriela Arnon the band Ten Mother Tongues. They released one album in 1997, called The Listening Tree.

Home language is the language most often spoken at home at the time of the census. Because some couples have different mother tongues, the census allows individuals to indicate that they speak more than one language at home. Persons who live alone may not speak at all in the privacy of their own homes, so the census asks such individuals to identify the language in which they feel most comfortable. Data for this descriptor were first collected in the census of 1971.

Maithili proponents believe that the Government of Bihar and the pro-Hindi Bihar Rashtrabhasha Parishad promoted Angika and Bajjika as distinct languages to weaken the Maithili language movement; many of them still consider Angika to be a dialect of Maithili. People from mainly Maithil Brahmins and Karan Kayasthas castes have supported the Maithili movement, while people from various other castes in the Mithila region have projected Angika and Bajjika as their mother tongues, attempting to break away from the Maithili-based regional identity.

Basic Global English, or BGE, is a concept of global English initiated by German linguist Joachim Grzega. It evolved from the idea of creating a type of English that can be learned more easily than regular British or American English and that serves as a tool for successful global communication. BGE is guided by creating "empathy and tolerance" between speakers in a global context. This applies to the context of global communication, where different speakers with different mother tongues come together.

The Deaf community of Uruguay are taught in Uruguayan Sign Language (LSU). The Council for Primary Education (Consejo de Educación Primaria) in 1987 created a proposal for bilingual education for LSU speakers in schools. The 2008 General Education Law refers to the use of "mother tongues" in article 40 and pushes towards a more bilingual method of instruction including sign language. A law passed in 2001 designates LSU as the "natural language" for the Deaf community in Uruguay, as does the 2008 General Education Law.

Large numbers of ethnic Germans from Russia have emigrated to North America. Migration to Canada or the United States by Russian Germans (German: Deutsche aus Russland or Russlanddeutsche; Russian: Русские немцы, russkiye nemtsy) peaked in the late 19th century. The upper Great Plains of the United States and southern Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada have large areas populated primarily by descendants of Germans from Russia. Their mother tongues were High German or Low German dialects, despite ethnic German communities having existed in Russia for many generations.

As of 2000, English as a first language accounted for 86.65% of all residents, while the mother tongues of French comprised 5.38%, Finnish consisted of 4.52%, Spanish was at 2.42%, and Italian made up 1.02% of the population. As of 2000, Hypoluxo had the twelfth highest percentage of Canadian residents in the US (tied with four other US areas,) which accounted 5.40% of all residents, while it can be assumed that because of the percentage of Finnish speakers, Finns were around 4.52% of town's population.

The Western Aramaic languages are a group of several Aramaic languages developed and once widely spoken throughout the ancient Levant, as opposed to those from in and around Mesopotamia, which make up what is known as the Eastern Aramaic languages, which are still spoken as mother tongues by the ethnic Assyrians (including the religious denominations of Chaldean and Syriac) and Mandaeans of Iraq, north eastern Syria, south eastern Turkey and north western Iran. All of the Western Aramaic languages are extinct today except Western Neo-Aramaic.

Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles founded the Singapore Institution (now known as Raffles Institution) in 1823, thereby starting education in Singapore under the British rule. Later, three main types of schools appeared in Singapore: Malay schools, Chinese and Tamil (together) schools and English schools. Malay schools were provided free for all students by the British, while English schools, which used English as the main medium of instruction, were set up by missionaries and charged school fees. Chinese and Tamil schools largely taught their respective mother tongues.

According to the City of Ottawa website, there are roughly 4180 native English-speakers in Lowertown, 3530 Francophones, and 2235 with other mother tongues. Lower Town is home to a wide variety of immigrants and visible minorities, of which there are 2495. Lowertown's population is rather diverse. Its main stretch along Rideau Street is very bustling and includes many African, Asian, South Asian, Caribbean, and Lebanese businesses, a large grocery store, the Rideau Branch of the Ottawa Public Library, and an Orthodox Jewish synagogue.

French was mother tongue to 90.1% of residents (counting both single and multiple responses). The next most common mother tongues were English at 5.4%, Spanish at 1.3%, Arabic at 1.2% Persian at 0.5%, Arabic at 0.4%, German at 0.4%, and Italian at 0.4%. (Percentages may total more than 100% owing to rounding and multiple responses). About 78.4% of the population identified as Catholic in 2011 while 13.8% said they had no religious affiliation,1.7% were Muslim 0.6% Anglican, 0.6% Baptists, 0.6% Eastern Orthodox and 0.5% United Church.

The Special Assistance Plan (Abbreviation: SAP; ) is a programme in Singapore introduced in 1979 which caters to academically strong students who excel in both their mother tongue as well as English. It is only available in selected primary & secondary schools. In a SAP school, several subjects may be taught in the mother tongue, alongside other subjects which are taught in English. Currently SAP schools only cater to those studying the Mandarin mother tongue, although theoretically, future SAP schools for other mother tongues are a possibility.

The establishment of a 'free school' that was open to all ethnicities was first mooted by a committee led by Rev. Robert Sparke Hutchings in 1816. It was initially proposed that a boarding school would be built to provide education and daily care for orphans and the poor, and that the boarding school would consist of two blocks, one for male students and another for girls. Local Asian children would be taught in their mother tongues, while English would only be taught for those who desired it.

Many languages of minority ethnic groups are declining, as well as the many regional varieties of Chinese. Generally the shift is in favour of Standard Chinese (Mandarin), but in the province of Guangdong the cultural influence of Cantonese has meant local dialects and languages are being abandoned for Cantonese instead. ;Hong Kong In Hong Kong, Cantonese became the dominant language spoken in society since widespread immigration to Hong Kong began from the 1940s onward. With immigrants of differing mother tongues, communication was hard without a dominant language.

In: Lingua Internationale (Bruxelles). 1, Nr. 8, 14-16. It became more widely accepted subsequent to an address by the Danish linguist Otto Jespersen to the 2nd International Congress of Linguists in 1931. According to Jespersen, interlinguistics is ”that branch of the science of language which deals with the structure and basic ideas of all languages with the view to the establishing of a norm for interlanguages, i.e. auxiliary languages destined for oral and written use between people who cannot make themselves understood by means of their mother tongues”.

Beck is remembered for his book, "The Universal Character", printed in London in 1657 by Thomas Maxey , on behalf of William Weekley, bookseller of Ipswich. The book's full title was "The Universal Character, by which all Nations in the World may understand one another's Conceptions, Reading out of one Common Writing their own Mother Tongues. An Invention of General Use, the Practise whereof may be Attained in two Hours' space, Observing the Grammatical Directions. Which Character is so contrived, that it may be Spoken as well as Written".

Mandira Sen worked as a publisher's editor for Houghton Mifflin among others in the US, until she returned to India in 1978. She worked for a year for Orient Longman, then set up Mandira, which published bilingual children's books; with English text on the verso pages and the same text in an Indian language on the recto. Some books were also published in Hindi, Bengali, Punjabi, Urdu and Gujarati. The books were intended for export to help the children of non-resident Indians to learn their mother-tongues.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 126,960 and formed 67.38% of the population in Rampurhat I CD Block.

The Yarsanis have a distinct religious literature primarily written in the Gorani language. However, few modern Yarsani can read or write Gorani (a Northwestern Iranian language belonging to the branch Zaza-Gorani) as their mother tongues are Southern Kurdish and Sorani, which belong to the other two branches of the Kurdish languages. The speakers of Sarli living near Eski Kalak are adherents.Edmonds (1957: 195)Moosa (1988: 168) Their central religious book is called the Kalâm-e Saranjâm, written in the 15th century based on the teachings of Sultan Sahak.

The drivers of these vehicles can only speak their mother-tongues most of the times, which may be different from the languages spoken in the area. Additionally they find it difficult to navigate to their destination during the night considering that at night there are fewer road users to guide them. These drivers carry addresses written either in Devnagari or in English. Freelance guides being former workers know the area well, on redundancy in their earlier employment, they; using their knowledge of the area, offered themselves as guides.

In an interview, Adichie defines Americanah as a Nigerian word that can describe any of those who have been to the US and return American affectations; pretend not to understand their mother tongues any longer; refuse to eat Nigerian food or make constant reference to their life in America. From this understanding, it is clear that Ifemelu’s decision to return home without worrying about being identified as an “Americanah”, establishes the fact that Adichie is proposing and charting a path for a new kind of migration story whose quintessence is return migration.

The Republic of India has hundreds of languages. According to the Census of 2001, there are 1,635 rationalized mother tongues and 122 languages with more than 10,000 speakers. During the British Raj, English was the official language. When the Indian Independence Movement gained momentum in the early part of the 20th century, efforts were undertaken to make Hindustani as a common language to unite various linguistic groups against the British Government. As early as 1918, Mahatma Gandhi established the Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha (Institution for the Propagation of Hindi in South India).

The bilingual policy was first adopted in 1966. One of its primary objectives is to promote English as the common (and neutral) language among the diverse ethnic groups in Singapore. The designation of English as the first language is also intended to facilitate Singapore's integration into the world economy. In recognition of Singapore's linguistic and cultural pluralism, another stated objective of the bilingual policy is to educate students with their "mother tongues" so that they can learn about their culture, identify with their ethnic roots, and to preserve cultural traits and Asian values.

Major language groups in East Timor by suco East Timor's two official languages are Portuguese and Tetum. English and Indonesian are sometimes used. Tetum belongs to the Austronesian family of languages spoken throughout Southeast Asia and the Pacific. The 2015 census found that the most commonly spoken mother tongues were Tetum Prasa (mother tongue for 30.6% of the population), Mambai (16.6%), Makasai (10.5%), Tetum Terik (6.05%), Baikenu (5.87%), Kemak (5.85%), Bunak (5.48%), Tokodede (3.97%), and Fataluku (3.52%). Other indigenous languages accounted for 10.47%, while 1.09% of the population spoke foreign languages natively.

He believed that Jews were "endangered guests wherever they went" and equipped his children with languages. Steiner grew up with three mother tongues: German, English, and French; his mother was multilingual and would often "begin a sentence in one language and end it in another". When he was six years old, his father who believed in the importance of classical education taught him to read the Iliad in the original Greek. His mother, for whom "self-pity was nauseating", helped Steiner overcome a handicap he had been born with, a withered right arm.

Masbateño is written using the Latin script. Currently, there is no officially-recognized orthography for the language so different writers may follow different writing conventions. With the implementation of the Department of Education's Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) starting school year 2012-2013, there emerged a need for orthographic guidelines for the various "mother tongues" to be used in the early years of education. For Masbateño, Rosero and Balbuena (2016) prepared the draft working orthography developed during the first orthography congress held from July 15–16, 2016.

The Language Centre is a service to help international students and staff to learn and improve their international language skills covering French, German, Italian and English (levels A1 to C2; see the CEFR language levels). The programs is reserved for EPFL students and personnel, for their spouse (paying French courses only) and for collaborators of the Confederation. Tandems are also organized and set up within the framework of the Tandem Program of the Arts Faculty/EFLE. It includes two people of different mother tongues who meet regularly to teach each other their respective languages.

In 2010, an Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) for grades 2 to 3 in six mother tongues (Afan Oromo, Amharic, Harari, Sidama, Somali and Tegrigna) found that only about 5% of children had a reading fluency above the benchmark of 60 words per minute. In a sub-test of reading comprehension, the percentage of grade 2 children scoring "0" ranged from 69.2% in Sidama to 10.1% in Addis Ababa. By grade 3, this percentage had dropped to 54% and 3.8% respectively. It was poor reading comprehension that accounted for poor results in other tests.

Born in Goa, counting Konkani, Portuguese, and English as his three mother tongues, he moved to Mumbai in 1939 and took his BA from St. Xavier's College, Mumbai in 1945. After a short spell teaching at high school, he moved into journalism. The 1940s already saw a number of his English-language short stories appearing in British Indian publications. After independence, he became assistant editor and music critic of the National Standard, Sunday editor for the Calcutta edition of the Times of India (1953), and a literary editor for the Illustrated Weekly.

Although some parents support the reduction of weightage of Mother Tongues in examinations - more than 1,024 parents signed a petition to support the reduction of Mother Tongue weightage - there are parents who are against this reduction. These parents are worried that the act of reducing the weightage will undermine the importance of Chinese, or the Mother Tongue, and also encourage a defeatist attitude towards language learning."", Mother tongue education in Singapore: concerns, issues and controversies, 11 June 2014. Chinese community leaders have also expressed their concern towards the issue.

Chinese community leaders, as well as parents, are afraid that students will view and learn the Mother Tongue merely as an examinable subject, and not as a living language with social relevance. However, the Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong, had mentioned in his Prime Minister's speech in 2010 that the Mother Tongue weightage in examinations will not be reduced. Instead, the teaching and examination formats for Mother Tongues will be revised and improved." ", Transcript of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong's remarks at the press conference on Mother Tongue language, 11 May 2010.

However, the processes of globalisation exert increasing pressure on the population to assimilate towards English at the expense of their mother tongues. While diversity breeds potential threats to globalisation, long-term language planning must be sensitive enough to tackle the precarious linguistic situation to protect Mandarin Chinese, Malay and Tamil, perhaps even Hindi, Punjabi, Gujarati and Urdu alongside English.Poon, A. Y. K (2004), Language Policy of Hong Kong: Its Impact on Language Education and Language Use in Post-Handover Hong Kong. Journal of Taiwan Normal University: Humanities & Social Sciences, Vol.

She argues that English speakers conceive time in a way that is analogous to their conception of spatial horizontal movement, whereas native Mandarin speakers associate it with vertical movement. She has also stated that these differences do not totally determine conceptualization, since it is possible for the speakers of a language to be taught to think like the speakers of other languages do, without needing to learn any such language. Therefore, and according to Boroditsky, mother tongues may have an effect on cognition, but it is not determining.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 110,506 and formed 67.15% of the population in Mohammad Bazar CD Block.

In November 2019, producer Alan Siegel announced that Gerard Butler will star in at least three more Has Fallen feature films. In addition to the movies, television spin-offs are being considered. Because of the film series' popularity in other territories, he also announced plans for various television series to debut in foreign countries, with each show's local mother tongues to be the spoken languages. Siegel stated that the intent for TV show installments, would be to expand the franchise and add additional characters to appear in future films.

The "Declaration about the essence of Esperantism" (1905) defines an "Esperantist" to be anyone who speaks and uses Esperanto.UEA en konscio de Esperantistoj, Zbigniew Galor and Jukka Pietiläinen, Kava-Pech, 2015, p. 14 "Esperantism" was defined to be a movement to promote the widespread use of Esperanto as a supplement to mother tongues in international and inter-ethnic contexts. As the word "esperantist" is linked with this "esperantism" (the Esperanto movement) and as -ists and -isms are linked with ideologies, today many people who speak Esperanto prefer to be called "Esperanto speaker".

However, according to linguist Ghil'ad Zuckermann, the members of this group in particular, and the Hebrew revival in general, did not succeed in uprooting Yiddish patterns (as well as the patterns of other European languages Jewish immigrants spoke) within what he calls "Israeli", i.e. Modern Hebrew. Zuckermann believes that "Israeli does include numerous Hebrew elements resulting from a conscious revival but also numerous pervasive linguistic features deriving from a subconscious survival of the revivalists’ mother tongues, e.g. Yiddish."Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2009), Hybridity versus Revivability: Multiple Causation, Forms and Patterns.

The Gurdwara Bhai Joga Singh and Gurdwara Bhai Beeba Singh were constructed in the city by Hari Singh Nalwa to accommodate the influx of Sikh immigrants from the Punjab. While the city's Sikh population drastically declined after the partition of India, Peshawar's Sikh community has re-established itself, bolstered by Sikh refugees and by approximately 4,000 refugees from the Tribal Areas; in 2008, the largest Sikh population in Pakistan was located in Peshawar. Sikhs in Peshawar self- identify as Pashtuns and speak Hindko and Pashto as their mother tongues.

Of those born outside the U. S., an estimated 40.8 percent had become U. S. citizens. Of all Tanzanian Americans born outside the U. S., an estimated 47.0 percent (range of estimate: 41.8 to 52.2 percent) entered the country after 1999. Their estimated median household income was USD 67,327 (range of estimate: USD 59,861 to 74,793). Although Tanzania belonged to United Kingdom, only the 16% of the Tanzanian population in United States had the English as tongue mother, while the 84.0% of this population had other languages as mother tongues.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 78.88% of the population in the district spoke Odia, 8.09% Ho, 3.77% Santali, 2.66% Hindi, 1.62% Munda, 1.29% Juang, 0.93% Urdu and 0.52% Bengali as their first language.2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue Majority of Tribes belong to Ho people and they speak the Ho language of Austroasiatic lineage. Other languages include Bhunjia, which is spoken by approximately 7000 Bhunjia Adivasis. Only Bhunija Tribal communities also speak Odia as a secondary language and other tribal communities uses their own mother tongues.

There are contrasting views on this issue, as the constitution of the government of Vietnam states "Article 36 of the Constitution, the state invests heavily in education and supports various preferential programmes for ethnic minorities, like ethnic minority boarding schools, lower entry requirements and quota for minorities." Both the initial 1945 constitute and the revised 1992 constitution of North Vietnam and the successor state the Socialist Republic of Vietnam stated that all minority groups in Vietnam have the right to maintain their mother tongues in their schooling as well as to use their languages to preserve their ethnic cultures and values.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. In the 2001 census, the three most populous mother tongues (spoken language/ medium of communication between a mother and her children) in Bokaro district were (with percentage of total population in brackets): Khortha (41.08%), Hindi (17.05%) and Santali (10.78%). In the 2011 census, scheduled tribes constituted 12.40% of the total population of the district.

Nemo Sandman is a French composer, film director and illustrator. He is best known for his controversial musical videos on MTV for New Model Army,Nemo 51st State of America Lustral,Nemo Sandman's Lustral Ten Mother Tongues, M.I.E.L,Miel vs Nemo Gabriela Arnon, End of Orgy,End of Orgy Rise and Fall of a Decade and his arty commercials for Virgin France. Nemo Sandman also produced and directed international award-winning video,Riding The Rafale featuring the Jet Fighter Rafale made by Dassault with François Robinaud. He pursued his collaboration with Justin Sullivan co-signing the music and Joolz Denby on screenplays.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 59,173 and formed 67.70% of the population in Suri II CD Block. Muslims numbered 27,612 and formed 31.59% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 151,743 and formed 77.68% of the population in Sainthia CD Block. Muslims numbered 41,931 and formed 21.46% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 120,697 and formed 66.52% of the population in Dubrajpur CD Block. Muslims numbered 60,280 and formed 33.22% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 66,082 and formed 84.74% of the population in Rajnagar CD Block. Muslims numbered 11,126 and formed 14.27% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 87,180 and formed 51.67% of the population in Ilambazar CD Block. Muslims numbered 79,990 and formed 47.41% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother- tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 139,793 and formed 69.24% of the population in Labpur CD Block. Muslims numbered 61,655 and formed 30.54% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother- tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 141,490 and formed 64.71% of the population in Nanoor CD Block. Muslims numbered 76,457 and formed 34.97% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 149,736 and formed 73.92% of the population in Bolpur Sriniketan CD Block. Muslims numbered 51,550 and formed 25.45% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 81,362 and formed 73.05% of the population in Suri I CD Block. Muslims numbered 29,610 and formed 26.59% of the population.

In 1930, the urban population of the county was 81,631 inhabitants, 68.7% Romanians, 7.3% Turks, 5.2% Greeks, 3.9% Armenians, 2.5% Germans, 2.2% Jews, 2.0% Tatars, 2.0% Bulgarians, 1.7% Russians, 1.7% Hungarians, as well as other minorities. Among the urban population, mother tongues were reported to be Romanian (72.0%), Turkish (9.7%), Greek (4.5%), Armenian (3.6%), German (2.4%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed mostly of Eastern Orthodox (78.4%), followed by Muslim (9.6%), Armenian Apostolic (3.3%), Roman Catholic (2.7%), Jewish (2.3%), Lutheran (1.6%), as well as other minorities.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother- tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 111,589 and formed 69.84% of the population in Mayureswar I CD Block. Muslims numbered 46,864 and formed 29.39% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Muslims numbered 89,578 and formed 70.10% of the population in Nalhati II CD Block. Hindus numbered 38,061 and formed 29.79% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Muslims numbered 166,526 and formed 75.00% of the population in Murarai II CD Block. Hindus numbered 55,302 and formed 24.91% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 106,738 and formed 52.11% of the population in Nalhati I CD Block. Muslims numbered 95,521 and formed 46.64% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother- tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 115,710 and formed 75.51% of the population in Khoyrasol CD Block. Muslims numbered 37,237 and formed 24.30% of the population.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. In the 2001 census, the three most populous mother tongues (spoken language/ medium of communication between a mother and her children) in Bokaro district were (with percentage of total population in brackets): Khortha (41.08%), Hindi (17.05%) and Santali (10.78%). In the 2011 census, scheduled tribes constituted 12.40% of the total population of the district.

In 2000, Elizabeth Vander Zaag's voice interactive installation Talk Nice appeared at the Banff Centre before traveling in Canada and to Seoul, Korea, Sao Paulo, Brazil and Paris. In 2007, she received her master's degree in Interdisciplinary Studies from the University of British Columbia. Her graduate thesis, Mother Tongue : a study of participant affect in an interactive installation, combines research in linguistics and human–computer interaction to further her understanding of the academic context of her interactive speech installations. Along with her graduate thesis, Vander Zaag produced an interactive video installation entitled Speaking Mother Tongues (2007).

Entering the Franciscan Order as a young man, Jacob received a good education studying Latin, Greek and Hebrew as well as his mother tongues German and Danish. In the years prior to the reformation he lived in a convent in Malmø (now in Sweden), where he argued against the Lutheran leaders. In 1530 the Fransciscans were driven from the convent, as they were in the following from the other Danish towns. He described this in the Chronicle of the expulsion of the Greyfriars, written to serve as evidence in a potential trial to attempt to reclaim the convents later.

With the English-based bilingual education policy in the Singapore education system, there has been a shift from students' mother tongues to English as the home language. This is especially so among the ethnic Chinese group, and it is possible that English can potentially emerge as their lingua franca. This has resulted in the controversy of whether English should be used to teach students' mother tongue, specifically Chinese, to help them learn the language better. This method of using the student's first language (L1) to teach a second language (L2) has been recognised by many professionals who teach English as a second language.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Muslims numbered 112,429 and formed 58.92% of the population in Murarai I CD Block. Hindus numbered 77,428 and formed 40.58% of the population.

As per census definition, mother- tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has increased its share from 90.5% of the population of Birbhum district in 1961 to 91.9% in 2001, Santali has decreased from 6.9% in 1961 to 5.9% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Hindi (1.2%), Khortha/ Khotta (0.3%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 96,991 and formed 51.64% of the population in Rampurhat II CD Block. Muslims numbered 90,527 and formed 48.20% of the population.

Approximately 98% of Canadians can speak English or French (2006) A multitude of languages are used by Canadians, with English and French (the official languages) being the mother tongues of approximately 56% and 21% of Canadians, respectively. As of the 2016 Census, just over 7.3 million Canadians listed a non-official language as their mother tongue. Some of the most common non-official first languages include Chinese (1,227,680 first-language speakers), Punjabi (501,680), Spanish (458,850), Tagalog (431,385), Arabic (419,895), German (384,040), and Italian (375,645). Less than one percent of Canadians (just over 250,000 individuals) can speak an indigenous language.

She had a minor role in the feature film, Lantana, as a dance instructor. In August 2003 Jupiter released her first album, Today, on Mother Tongues – the first label in the world dedicated to developing women in Hip-Hop music. "Mamacita" was a track dedicated to her mother, "[it] was about the divorce of my parents and I guess it was very personal ... very full on. ... I needed to get out about my father because I didn't see him for about seven years, which I think incited the whole fascination of wanting to know about the Mexican culture".

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 153,550 and formed 87.97% of the population in Hingalganj CD Block.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Muslims numbered 131,050 and formed 61.12% of the population in Haroa CD Block.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 133,597 and formed 52.17% of the population in Swarupnagar CD Block.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother- tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Muslims numbered 102,733 and formed 51.60% of the population Minakhan.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Oraon, Munda, Karmali and Bedia.

Many of the Sultans and nobility in the Sultanate period were Persianised Turks from Central Asia who spoke Turkic languages as their mother tongues. The Mughals were also culturally Persianized Central Asians (of Turco-Mongol origin on their paternal side), but spoke Chagatai Turkic as their first language at the beginning, before eventually adopting Persian. Persian became the preferred language of the Muslim elite of north India. Muzaffar Alam, a noted scholar of Mughal and Indo-Persian history, suggests that Persian became the official lingua franca of the empire under Akbar for various political and social factors due to its non-sectarian and fluid nature.

According to the District Census Handbook, Paschim Medinipur, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.5% of the population of Paschim Medinipur district, followed by Santali (4.6%), Hindi (1.4%), Kurmali Thar (0.7%), Urdu (0.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Odia (0.4%), Mundari (0.2%), Koda/ Kora (0.1%), Munda (0.1%) and Nepali (0.1%). There were people, forming lesser proportion of population, having other languages as mother- tongue. People with other mother-tongues formed 0.7% of the population. According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Oraon, Munda, Karmali and Bedia.

Acél, a polyglot, established an easy rapport with the multinational groups of students, alternating with facility between English, German, Italian, French and also his two mother-tongues, Hungarian and Romanian. His method of instruction was deliberate and considerate and the results most impressive. From 1996, Acél taught conducting at the renowned Vienna Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst (formerly the Academy of Music and today the Vienna University of Music) in tandem with the Austrian conductor, Leopold Hager, until his death in 2006. In Italy he performed at Castelgandolfo for Pope John Paul II, conducting the Dances from Galanta by Zoltán Kodály with the Philharmonia Hungarica.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Muslims numbered 112,093 and formed 58.48% of the population in Amdanga CD Block.

According to the District Census Handbook, Paschim Medinipur, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.5% of the population of Paschim Medinipur district, followed by Santali (4.6%), Hindi (1.4%), Kurmali Thar (0.7%), Urdu (0.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Odia (0.4%), Mundari (0.2%), Koda/ Kora (0.1%), Munda (0.1%) and Nepali (0.1%). There were people, forming lesser proportion of population, having other languages as mother-tongue. People with other mother-tongues formed 0.7% of the population. According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal.

According to the District Census Handbook, Paschim Medinipur, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.5% of the population of Paschim Medinipur district, followed by Santali (4.6%), Hindi (1.4%), Kurmali Thar (0.7%), Urdu (0.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Odia (0.4%), Mundari (0.2%), Koda/ Kora (0.1%), Munda (0.1%) and Nepali (0.1%). There were people, forming lesser proportion of population, having other languages as mother-tongue. People with other mother- tongues formed 0.7% of the population. According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal.

Previously, students either attended an English- medium or a "vernacular school", which taught in one of the mother tongues. In 1960, government legislation standardised the primary medium of instruction to English, with the different vernacular languages ("mother tongue") allocated as the second language. Students may also choose to learn a third language (German, French, Japanese, etc.) in secondary school and junior college or, if their respective school does not offer the language, at a MOE Language Centre. This option is limited however, to the top 10% of any PSLE cohort; prospective third language students must have also scored A grades for English and their second language.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Oraon, Munda, Karmali and Bedia.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 199,249 and formed 82.00% of the population in Bagda CD Block.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Muslims numbered 114,869 and formed 56.51% of the population in Hasnabad CD Block.

The topic of her work is primarily the study of the conditions of bilingualism. At the beginning of the 1980s she developed the concept of linguicism, with which she summarizes the discrimination of minority languages. She criticizes the neglect of children who speak mother tongues that are foreign to the country where they live (for example Turkish children in Germany) as well as the devaluation of bilingualism. Kangas defined linguicism as the "ideologies and structures which are used to legitimate, effectuate, and reproduce unequal division of power and resources (both material and non-material) between groups which are defined on the basis of language".

Linguistic criticism is probably the oldest form of biblical criticism or textual criticism to develop.Queens University of Charlotte, History Department It relies heavily upon the study and knowledge of the Biblical languages - not just Koine Greek and Hebrew, but also Aramaic (the language Jesus himself most likely spoke) and Egyptian (Moses' mother tongue). Besides the influence that Aramaic and Egyptian would have on particular texts, i.e. the words we have written down in the extant Hebrew and Greek manuscripts being shaped into that form after first being contrived in the minds of writers whose mother tongues were Aramaic and Egyptian, we also have portions of texts written directly in those languages.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Oraon, Munda, Karmali and Bedia.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother- tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Muslims numbered 226,397 and formed 70.92% of the population in Deganaga CD Block.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Oraon, Munda, Karmali and Bedia.

According to the District Census Handbook, Paschim Medinipur, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother- tongue of 90.5% of the population of Paschim Medinipur district, followed by Santali (4.6%), Hindi (1.4%), Kurmali Thar (0.7%), Urdu (0.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Odia (0.4%), Mundari (0.2%), Koda/ Kora (0.1%), Munda (0.1%) and Nepali (0.1%). There were people, forming lesser proportion of population, having other languages as mother-tongue. People with other mother-tongues formed 0.7% of the population. According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal.

Singapore is a linguistically and ethnically diverse country with a population of about 5.7 million. Officially, its ethnic composition is approximately 76.8% Chinese, 13.9% Malay, 7.9% Indian, while the remaining 1.4% are mainly Others, a miscellaneous category. Given this diversity, the language policy in Singapore aims at cultivating amongst its citizens a bilingual proficiency in the English language and a mother tongue that is officially assigned to the specific ethnic communities. Although the English language is excluded from the list of official mother tongues (Mandarin, Bahasa Melayu, Tamil), it is still recognised as an official language for practical reasons such as ensuring socio-economic mobility.

As of the latest 2007 population census conducted by the Ethiopian national statistics authorities, Addis Ababa has a total population of 2,739,551 urban and rural inhabitants. For the capital city 662,728 households were counted living in 628,984 housing units, which results in an average of 5.3 persons to a household. Although all Ethiopian ethnic groups are represented in Addis Ababa because it is the capital of the country, the largest groups include the Amhara (47.0%), Oromo (19.5%), Gurage (16.3%), Tigrayan (6.18%), Silt'e (2.94%), and Gamo (1.68%). Languages spoken as mother tongues include Amharic (71.0%), Afaan Oromo (10.7%), Gurage (8.37%), Tigrinya (3.60%), Silt'e (1.82%) and Gamo (1.03%).

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 308,073 and formed 93.27% of the population in Gaighata CD Block.

The Father Tongue hypothesis has far-reaching implications for several processes in linguistics such as language change, language acquisition and sociolinguistics. The Father Tongue hypothesis also has implications for language acquisition, as the hypothesis suggests an evolutionary explanation for why females may be better in some aspects of language performance and acquisition. The historical linguist George van Driem interpreted the correlation of Y-chromosomal haplogroups and language families as indicating that the spread of language families was often mediated by male-biased migration, whether these intrusions were martial or something less spectacular. He conjectured that the majority of language communities spoke father tongues rather than mother tongues.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Oraon, Munda, Karmali and Bedia.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 52,105 and formed 25.93% of the population in Barasat II CD Block.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Oraon, Munda, Karmali and Bedia.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 165,537 and formed 73.51% of the population in Habra I CD Block.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 89,747 and formed 50.85% of the population in Habra II CD Block.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother- tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 112,824 and formed 59.41% of the population in Rajarhat CD Block.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Oraon, Munda, Karmali and Bedia.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Muslims numbered 186,836 and formed 65.48% of the population in Baduria CD Block.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Muslims numbered 117,617 and formed 68.54% of the population in Basirhat I CD Block.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Muslims numbered 158,514 and formed 70.10% of the population in Basirhat II CD Block.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Oraon, Munda, Karmali and Bedia.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 124,229 and formed 77.17% of the population in Sandeshkhali II CD Block.

According to the census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 297,755 and formed 78.17% of the population in Bangaon.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). Around 35% of the population in Barrackpore (Lok Sabha constituency) is Hindi-speaking.

The mathematical notation used for formulas has its own grammar, not dependent on a specific natural language, but shared internationally by mathematicians regardless of their mother tongues. This includes the conventions that the formulas are written predominantly left to right, even when the writing system of the substrate language is right-to-left, and that the Latin alphabet is commonly used for simple variables and parameters. A formula such as :\sin x + a\cos 2 x \ge 0 is understood by Chinese and Syrian mathematicians alike. Such mathematical formulas can be a part of speech in a natural-language phrase, or even assume the role of a full-fledged sentence.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Hazaribag, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Oraon, Munda, Karmali and Bedia.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 113,793 and formed 69.19% of the population in Sandeshkhali I CD Block.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person’s mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 91.3% of the population of North Twenty Four Parganas district in 1961 to 87.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 5.0% in 1961 to 8.3% in 2001, Urdu has increased its share from 2.0% in 1961 to 2.5% in 2001. Other mother- tongues spoken in 2001 were Odiya (0.4%), Telugu (0.2%), Santhali (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%) and Sadan/ Sadri (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 163,302 and formed 55.43% of the population in Barasat I CD Block.

The Walloon language is an element of Walloon identity. However, the entire French-speaking population of Wallonia cannot be culturally considered Walloon, since a significant portion in the west (around Tournai and Mons) and smaller portions in the extreme south (around Arlon) possess other languages as mother tongues (namely, Picard, Champenois, Luxembourgish, and Lorrain). All of them can speak French as well or better. A survey of the Centre liégeois d'étude de l'opinion pointed out in 1989 that 71.8% of the younger people of Wallonia understand and speak only a little or no Walloon language; 17.4% speak it well; and only 10.4% speak it exclusively.

Gründler’s areas of research include classical Arabic literature and its social context, the integration of literary theory into the study of Near Eastern literatures, the history of the Arabic languages, Arabic paleography, the history of the Arabic book, and the connection between Arabic and other premodern literatures. Gründler understands Arabic as a cosmopolitan language: > In premodern times (i.e. from the seventh to the nineteenth century) Arabic > was a learned language, and it served as a medium for many writers of other > mother tongues, such as Iranians, Jews, Byzantine Greeks, Visigoths, and > others. Arabic assembled the voices of individuals of various ethnic and > religious backgrounds.

Instead, a local language with far fewer native speakers than the most widely spoken local language was chosen (nevertheless, Malay was the second most widely spoken language in the colony after Javanese, and had many L2 speakers using it for trade, administration, and education). In 1945, when Indonesia declared its independence, Indonesian was formally declared the national language, despite being the native language of only about 5% of the population. In contrast, Javanese and Sundanese were the mother tongues of 42–48% and 15% respectively. The combination of nationalistic, political, and practical concerns ultimately led to the successful adoption of Indonesian as a national language.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Giridih, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important languages spoken by scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Kol, Mahli, Kora, Muddi-Kora and Munda, Munda Patar.

Depending on the language taken, students may also take several other foreign language examinations, such as the French DELF/DALF certification examinations and the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. The focus on the additional examinations picks up for Junior College students, who take at least the GCE 'A' Levels at the conclusion of their course. This is primarily for students who eventually intend to receive tertiary education overseas; the language medium of their courses will be their third language (a national or official language of the destination country). Generally, Indian students whose mother tongues are neither Tamil nor among the languages offered by their schools do not apply to the MOELC to take an Indian language.

Freeland (2003) explains that the IBE program in Nicaragua constitutes a remarkable improvement in contrast to the cruel assimilationist Spanish- monolingual schooling model applied to indigenous populations. It also has enhanced the gain of prestige of Coastal minority languages (Miskitu, Sumu/Mayangna, English Creole: Garifuna, Rama) through educational programs and production of educational material and research in these languages. Nonetheless, Freeland also points to significant flaws in the IBE program in Nicaragua. The first flaw is that the program applies a “one-size-fits-all” policy, which ignores social dynamics based on the co-existence of different ethnic groups in a single community and their use of two or more languages as mother tongues.

Swami Avivashananda was replaced by Swami Rudrananda in 1939. He was soon followed by Rama Krishnan, a Tamil teacher, and Ganeshwar Rao, a Telugu teacher to teach South Indian mother tongues in the Sangam Schools, and to uplift the general standard of Sangam. Rama Krishnan was the first ever graduate teacher to be posted to Nadi Sangam School as its Head Teacher and Ganeshwar Rao worked with him as his assistant. As a dedicated teacher the late Rama Krishnan formed the Youth Wing known as the Then India Valibar Sangam (TIV Sangam) and introduced the Inter- District Competition in Soccer, athletics, and introduced Music and Art to encourage the development of South Indian language and culture.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Giridih, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important languages spoken by scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Kol, Mahli, Kora, Muddi-Kora and Munda, Munda Patar.

These two characterisations do not exhaust the possible definitions, however, and the label is occasionally applied in ways that are variously misleading or factually inaccurate. Some children learn more than one language from birth or from a very young age then they are bilingual or multilingual. These children can be said to have two, three or more mother tongues: neither language is foreign to that child, even if one language is a foreign language for the vast majority of people in the child's birth country. For example, a child learning English from his English father and Irish at school in Ireland can speak both English and Irish, but neither is a foreign language to them.

Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Linguistic diversity index (LDI) may refer to either Greenberg's (language) Diversity Index or the related Index of Linguistic Diversity (ILD) from Terralingua, which measures changes in the underlying LDI over time. Greenberg's Diversity Index (LDI) is the probability that two people selected from the population at random will have different mother tongues; it therefore ranges from 0 (everyone has the same mother tongue) to 1 (no two people have the same mother tongue). The ILD measures how the LDI has changed over time; a global ILD of 0.8 indicates a 20% loss of diversity since 1970, but ratios above 1 are possible, and have appeared in regional indexes.

In the year 1930, the county's urban population was 30,570, of which 46.5% were ethnic Jews, 29.0% Romanians, 17.7% Russians, 3.2% Poles, as well as other minorities. In the urban area the mother tongues were divided as follows: Yiddish (45.5%), followed by Romanian (28.1%), Russian (21.7%), Polish (2.0%), Ukrainian (1.1%), as well as other minorities. From a religious point of view, the urban population consisted of 47.1% Eastern Orthodox, 46.6% Jewish, 4.1% Roman Catholic, as well as other minorities. Census data of 1941 - during World War II - indicate the county's population was 407,930, of which 80.44% were ethnic Romanians, 14.38% Ukrainians, 3.11% Russians, 0.78% Poles, 0.72% Jews, as well as other minorities.

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language. Jharkhand legislature had passed a bill according the status of a second official language to several languages in 2011 but the same was turned down by the Governor. The three most populous mother-tongues (spoken language which is medium of conversation with the mother of children), as per data available from 2001 census in a Note on mother-tongue of earlier census, published in District Census Handbook Giridih, 2011, were: Khortha, Hindi and Urdu. Numerically, five important languages spoken by scheduled tribes in the district were: Santali, Kol, Mahli, Kora, Muddi-Kora and Munda, Munda Patar.

In 2008 she was honored with an annual literary award bearing her name, the June Beer Literary Prize in Mother Tongues (), which is awarded to authors who produce works in indigenous or Creole languages. In 2012 the Afro-Nicaraguan “Mayo Ya” celebrations included an exhibition of her paintings at the Rubén Darío National Theater and in 2016, the Nicaraguan government dedicated the Bienal (Biennial), a fine arts cultural event sponsored by the Ministry of Culture, as a tribute to Beer. Twenty artists from Nicaragua were chosen, along with another twenty international artists from Canada, Ecuador, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey and the United States to participate in the event which ran from February to May.

South Asian ethnic groups are ethnolinguistic composition of the diverse population of South Asia, including the nations of India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, the Maldives and Sri Lanka. Afghans, however, are generally not included among South Asian ethnic groups The majority of the population fall within three large linguistic groups, Indo- Aryan, Dravidian, and Iranic peoples. Indian society is traditionally divided into castes or clans, that are based primarily on labour divisions, and these categories have had no official status since independence in 1947, except for the scheduled castes and tribes which remain registered for the purpose of affirmative action. In today's India, the population is categorised in terms of the 1,652 mother tongues spoken.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 192,567 and formed 73.20% of the population in Bhatar CD Block.

According to the District Census Handbook, Paschim Medinipur, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother- tongue of 90.5% of the population of Paschim Medinipur district, followed by Santali (4.6%), Hindi (1.4%), Kurmali Thar (0.7%), Urdu (0.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Odia (0.4%), Mundari (0.2%), Koda/ Kora (0.1%), Munda (0.1%) and Nepali (0.1%). There were people, forming lesser proportion of population, having other languages as mother-tongue. People with other mother-tongues formed 0.7% of the population. There is a tribal presence in many of the CD blocks of the district. Santali is spoken by 55.93% of the tribal population of the district. The Bhumij, forming 11.16% of the tribal population, and the Mundas, forming 6.10% of the tribal population, speak Mundari.

As per census definition, mother- tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). As of 2017, CD Block-wise/ other region-wise break-up of mother tongue is not available in census/ other official sources.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). As of 2017, CD Block-wise/ other region-wise break-up of mother tongue is not available in census/ other official sources.

According to the District Census Handbook, Paschim Medinipur, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.5% of the population of Paschim Medinipur district, followed by Santali (4.6%), Hindi (1.4%), Kurmali Thar (0.7%), Urdu (0.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Odia (0.4%), Mundari (0.2%), Koda/ Kora (0.1%), Munda (0.1%) and Nepali (0.1%). There were people, forming lesser proportion of population, having other languages as mother-tongue. People with other mother-tongues formed 0.7% of the population. There is a tribal presence in many of the CD blocks of the district. Santali is spoken by 55.93% of the tribal population of the district. The Bhumij, forming 11.16% of the tribal population, and the Mundas, forming 6.10% of the population, speak Mundari.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). As of 2017, CD Block-wise/ other region-wise break-up of mother tongue is not available in census/ other official sources.

Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), or Modern Written Arabic (shortened to MWA), is a term used mostly by Western linguists to refer to the variety of standardized, literary Arabic that developed in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is the language used in academia, print and mass media, law and legislation, though it is generally not spoken as a mother tongue, like Classical Latin or Soutenu French. MSA is a pluricentric standard language taught throughout the Arab world in formal education. It differs significantly from many vernacular varieties of Arabic that are commonly spoken as mother tongues in the area; these are only partially mutually intelligible with both MSA and with each other depending on their proximity in the Arabic dialect continuum.

According to the District Census Handbook, Paschim Medinipur, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.5% of the population of Paschim Medinipur district, followed by Santali (4.6%), Hindi (1.4%), Kurmali Thar (0.7%), Urdu (0.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Odia (0.4%), Mundari (0.2%), Koda/ Kora (0.1%), Munda (0.1%) and Nepali (0.1%). There were people, forming lesser proportion of population, having other languages as mother- tongue. People with other mother-tongues formed 0.7% of the population. There is a tribal presence in many of the CD blocks of the district. Santali is spoken by 55.93% of the tribal population of the district. The Bhumij, forming 11.16% of the tribal population, and the Mundas, forming 6.10% of the tribal population, speak Mundari.

As the majority left their property behind in their home countries as they journeyed to Israel, many suffered a severe decrease in their socio-economic status aggravated by their cultural and political differences with the dominant Ashkenazi community. Furthermore, a policy of austerity was enforced at that time due to economic hardships. Mizrahi immigrants arrived with many mother tongues. Many, especially those from North Africa and the fertile crescent, spoke Arabic dialects; those from Iran spoke Persian; Mountain Jews from Azerbaijan arrived with Azerbaijani; Baghdadi Jews from India arrived with English; Bukharan Jews from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan arrived with Bukhari; the Bene Israel from Maharashtra, India arrived with Marathi, Mizrahim from elsewhere brought Georgian, Judaeo-Georgian, Juhuri and various other languages with them.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 133,679 and formed 87.41% of the population in Burdwan II CD Block.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). As of 2017, CD Block-wise/ other region-wise break-up of mother tongue is not available in census/ other official sources.

According to the District Census Handbook, Paschim Medinipur, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 90.5% of the population of Paschim Medinipur district, followed by Santali (4.6%), Hindi (1.4%), Kurmali Thar (0.7%), Urdu (0.6%), Telugu (0.6%), Odia (0.4%), Mundari (0.2%), Koda/ Kora (0.1%), Munda (0.1%) and Nepali (0.1%). There were people, forming lesser proportion of population, having other languages as mother- tongue. People with other mother-tongues formed 0.7% of the population. There is a tribal presence in many of the CD blocks of the district. Santali is spoken by 55.93% of the tribal population of the district. The Bhumij, forming 11.16% of the tribal population, and the Mundas, forming 6.10% of the tribal population, speak Mundari.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 215,401 and formed 80.88% of the population in Jamalpur CD Block. Muslims numbered 44,866 and formed 16.85% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 127,978 and formed 70.72% of the population in Raina I CD Block. Muslims numbered 51,443 and formed 28.43% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 127,175 and formed 67.17% of the population in Khandaghosh CD Block. Muslims numbered 61,482 and formed 32.47% of the population.

According to the District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue 55.8% of the population of Jalpaiguri district, followed by Sadan/ Sadri (14.3%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (6.9%), Hindi (4.6%), Kurukh/ Oraon (2.6%), Santali (1.0%), Bodo/Boro (0.8%), Munda (0.7%), Bhojpuri (0.7%), Rajbanshi (0.5%), Telugu (0.4%), Urdu (0.3%), Rabha (0.3%), Odiya (0.3%), Kharia (0.1%) and other mother-tongues (10.8%). The proportion of the population speaking Bengali increased from 54.5% in 1961 to 68.5% in 1981 and thereafter dropped to 55.8% in 2001. During the same period the proportion of the population speaking Sadan/ Sadri increased from 5.6% in 1961 to 14.3% in 2001. There was also a decline in the proportion of the population speaking such languages as Nepali/ Gorkhali, Hindi, Kurukh/ Oraon, Santali, Munda and Rajbanshi.

Republics of Idel- Ural The Free Idal-Ural movement stands for the right for the people of Idel- Ural to receive the full scope of high school, college and university education in the official languages of the Republics. The study of the official languages should be obligatory in all educational establishments from first to last academic year.Россия уничтожает языки коренных народов, - активист A quota principle would be implemented to establish representative bodies of power, according to which a majority of the mandates would always rest with representatives of native peoples. Cultural autonomy for native peoples would be provided in the Republics, realizing fundamental cultural and social rights, such as the right to access education in mother tongues; the right to create cultural and educational societies; and the right to establish mass media.

However, on 22 July 1991, the English daily newspaper The Straits Times reported that during a meeting between the then Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong and community leaders,. a group of grassroots leaders and a lawyer had suggested that "adjustments" be made to the national anthem. The given reason was that many Singaporeans could not sing it in Malay and so did not have "strong feelings" or "strong emotions when they sing the national anthem".. In particular, some grassroots leaders argued that since the Chinese constitute a majority of the population, a Mandarin version of the anthem should be used. The Prime Minister's response was that he would keep the national anthem as it was but would ensure that translations in other mother tongues were more easily available.

In the 1960s and the 1970s, when the Maithili speakers demanded a separate Mithila state, the Angika and Bajjika speakers made counter-demands for recognition of their languages. In the following years, the Bajjika community saw a growth in linguistic awareness, and local movements demanding an autonomous status for Bajjika arose. Maithili proponents believe that the Government of Bihar and the pro-Hindi Bihar Rashtrabhasha Parishad promoted Angika and Bajjika as distinct languages to weaken the Maithili language movement; many of them still consider Bajjika to be a dialect of Maithili. People from mainly Maithil Brahmins and Karan Kayasthas castes have supported the Maithili movement, while people from various other castes in the Mithila region have projected Angika and Bajjika as their mother tongues, attempting to break away from the Maithili-based regional identity.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 170,420 and formed 64.74% of the population in Mangolkote CD Block. Muslims numbered 91,949 and formed 34.93% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 116,677 and formed 77.32% of the population in Ausgram II CD Block. Muslims numbered 32,217 and formed 21.35% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 152,908 and formed 70.81% of the population in Burdwan I CD Block. Muslims numbered 61,823 and formed 28.38% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 172,616 and formed 79.03% of the population in Memari I CD Block. Muslims numbered 39,882 and formed 18.26% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 109,447 and formed 72.84% of the population in Memari iI CD Block. Muslims numbered 36,383 and formed 24.21% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 125,414 and formed 82.84% of the population in Raina II CD Block. Muslims numbered 25,551 and formed 16.88% of the population.

The citizens of Nepal are known as Nepali or Nepalese. The Nepali are descendants of three major migrations from India, Tibet and North Burma, and the Chinese province of Yunnan via Assam. Among the earliest inhabitants were the Kirat of the eastern region, Newars of the Kathmandu Valley, aboriginal Tharus of the Terai plains and the Khas Pahari people of the far-western hills. Despite the migration of a significant section of the population to the Terai in recent years, the majority of Nepalese still live in the central highlands, and the northern mountains are sparsely populated. Nepal is a multicultural and multiethnic country, home to 125 distinct ethnic groups, speaking 123 different mother tongues and following a number of indigenous and folk religions in addition to Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 90,850 and formed 76.11% of the population in Ausgram I CD Block. Muslims numbered 28,024 and formed 23.48% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 136,963 and formed 57.69% of the population in Manteswar CD Block. Muslims numbered 99,161 and formed 41.77% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 87,635 and formed 52.98% of the population in Ketugram I CD Block. Muslims numbered 77,354 and formed 46.77% of the population.

As per census definition, mother-tongue is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. As a mother-tongue, Bengali has decreased its share from 82.3% of the population of Bardhaman district in 1961 to 79.9% in 2001, Hindi has increased its share from 8.5% in 1961 to 10.9% in 2001 Santali has remained steady at around 4.9% during the period, and Urdu has increased its share from 2.4% in 1961 to 2.6% in 2001. Other mother-tongues spoken in 2001 were: Odiya (0.3%), Punjabi (0.2%), Koda/Kora (0.2%), Telugu (0.1%), Bhojpuri (0.1%), Nepali (0.1%) and Kurukh/ Oraon (0.1%). In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 110,055 and formed 74.78% of the population in Galsi II CD Block. Muslims numbered 36,410 and formed 24.74% of the population.

Approximately 98 percent of Canadians can speak either or both English and French: A multitude of languages are used by Canadians, with English and French (the official languages) being the mother tongues of approximately 56 percent and 21 percent of Canadians, respectively. As of the 2016 Census, just over 7.3 million Canadians listed a non-official language as their mother tongue. Some of the most common non-official first languages include Chinese (1,227,680 first-language speakers), Punjabi (501,680), Spanish (458,850), Tagalog (431,385), Arabic (419,895), German (384,040), and Italian (375,645). Canada's federal government practices official bilingualism, which is applied by the Commissioner of Official Languages in consonance with Section 16 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Federal Official Languages Act English and French have equal status in federal courts, parliament, and in all federal institutions.

Though the number of Chinese students from Indonesia dropped off, tens of thousands of ethnic Chinese were forced to leave the country due to the violent political situation in Indonesia in 1965. Most went to China, the United States, or Australia, but those who had been educated in Dutch preferentially chose the Netherlands as their destination; there are no exact statistics, but the migrants themselves estimate that about 5,000 arrived during this period. As with the students, these migrants tended to speak no Chinese, with Indonesian languages as their mother tongues and Dutch as their academic language. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Hong Kong also became a significant source of Chinese migrants to the Netherlands, with about 600 to 800 per year, falling off to around 300 to 400 per year by the late 1980s.

In an article written by Gloria Galloway and published in the Globe and Mail on 8 July 2015, Galloway writes about how the Assembly of First Nations wants to make all of Canada’s indigenous languages official. She writes: ‘The head of the Assembly of First Nations is calling for the nearly 60 indigenous languages spoken in Canada to be declared official along with English and French, an expensive proposition but one that he says is becoming more urgent as the mother tongues of aboriginal peoples disappear. ‘Perry Bellegarde, who was elected National Chief of the AFN last fall, agrees it would not be easy to require translations of all indigenous languages to be printed on the sides of cereal boxes and milk cartons. ‘"That would be the ultimate goal," Mr. Bellegarde said in an interview on Wednesday at the three-day annual general meeting of the AFN, Canada's largest indigenous organization.

According to the District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue 55.8% of the population of Jalpaiguri district, followed by Sadan/ Sadri (14.3%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (6.9%), Hindi (4.6%), Kurukh/ Oraon (2.6%), Santali (1.0%), Bodo/Boro (0.8%), Munda (0.7%), Bhojpuri (0.7%), Rajbanshi (0.5%), Telugu (0.4%), Urdu (0.3%), Rabha (0.3%), Odiya (0.3%), Kharia (0.1%) and other mother-tongues (10.8%). The proportion of the population speaking Bengali increased from 54.5% in 1961 to 68.5% in 1981 and thereafter dropped to 55.8% in 2001. During the same period the proportion of the population speaking Sadan/ Sadri increased from 5.6% in 1961 to 14.3% in 2001. There was also a decline in the proportion of the population speaking such languages as Nepali/ Gorkhali, Hindi, Kurukh/ Oraon, Santali, Munda and Rajbanshi. According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal.

According to the District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue of 55.8% of the population of Jalpaiguri district, followed by Sadan/ Sadri (14.3%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (6.9%), Hindi (4.6%), Kurukh/ Oraon (2.6%), Santali (1.0%), Bodo/Boro (0.8%), Munda (0.7%), Bhojpuri (0.7%), Rajbanshi (0.5%), Telugu (0.4%), Urdu (0.3%), Rabha (0.3%), Odiya (0.3%), Kharia (0.1%) and other mother-tongues (10.8%). The proportion of the population speaking Bengali increased from 54.5% in 1961 to 68.5% in 1981 and thereafter dropped to 55.8% in 2001. During the same period the proportion of the population speaking Sadan/ Sadri increased from 5.6% in 1961 to 14.3% in 2001. There was also a decline in the proportion of the population speaking such languages as Nepali/ Gorkhali, Hindi, Kurukh/ Oraon, Santali, Munda and Rajbanshi. According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal.

According to the District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue 55.8% of the population of Jalpaiguri district, followed by Sadan/ Sadri (14.3%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (6.9%), Hindi (4.6%), Kurukh/ Oraon (2.6%), Santali (1.0%), Bodo/Boro (0.8%), Munda (0.7%), Bhojpuri (0.7%), Rajbanshi (0.5%), Telugu (0.4%), Urdu (0.3%), Rabha (0.3%), Odiya (0.3%), Kharia (0.1%) and other mother-tongues (10.8%). The proportion of the population speaking Bengali increased from 54.5% in 1961 to 68.5% in 1981 and thereafter dropped to 55.8% in 2001. During the same period the proportion of the population speaking Sadan/ Sadri increased from 5.6% in 1961 to 14.3% in 2001. There was also a decline in the proportion of the population speaking such languages as Nepali/ Gorkhali, Hindi, Kurukh/ Oraon, Santali, Munda and Rajbanshi. According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal.

A signboard placed in front of an SFI school in Kista In the five years leading up to 2012, the number of illiterate migrants doubled, they had fewer than three years to no schooling from their origin country. In 2011, about 19,200 migrants in the Swedish for immigrants programme had 0–3 years of education. For instance in Borlänge, 4 out of 10 of those who completed the introduction for immigrants had no education at all, the majority being women. According to Statistics Sweden, as of 2012, the most common countries of birth for pupils in the Swedish For Immigrants program are Iraq (13,477), Somalia (10,355), Thailand (5,658), Poland (5,079), Iran (4,748), Turkey (3,344), China (3,408), Eritrea (3,618), Afghanistan (3,640), and Syria (3,257). The most common mother tongues spoken by the students are Arabic (18,886), Somali (10,525), Persian (7,162), Thai (5,707), Polish (5,100), English (4,796), Spanish (4,552), Tigrinya (3,623), Turkish (3,064), and North Kurdish (3,059).

According to the District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue 55.8% of the population of Jalpaiguri district, followed by Sadan/ Sadri (14.3%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (6.9%), Hindi (4.6%), Kurukh/ Oraon (2.6%), Santali (1.0%), Bodo/Boro (0.8%), Munda (0.7%), Bhojpuri (0.7%), Rajbanshi (0.5%), Telugu (0.4%), Urdu (0.3%), Rabha (0.3%), Odiya (0.3%), Kharia (0.1%) and other mother-tongues (10.8%). The proportion of the population speaking Bengali increased from 54.5% in 1961 to 68.5% in 1981 and thereafter dropped to 55.8% in 2001. During the same period the proportion of the population speaking Sadan/ Sadri increased from 5.6% in 1961 to 14.3% in 2001. There was also a decline in the proportion of the population speaking such languages as Nepali/ Gorkhali, Hindi, Kurukh/ Oraon, Santali, Munda and Rajbanshi. According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal.

Swahili, known as Kiswahili to its speakers, is used throughout large parts of East Africa and the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo as a lingua franca, despite being the mother tongue of a relatively small ethnic group on the East African coast and nearby islands in the Indian Ocean. At least as early as the late 18th century, Swahili was used along trading and slave routes that extended west across Lake Tanganyika and into the present-day Democratic Republic of Congo. Swahili rose in prominence throughout the colonial era, and has become the predominant African language of Tanzania and Kenya. Some ethnic groups now speak Swahili more often than their mother tongues, and many, especially in urban areas, choose to raise their children with Swahili as their first language, leading to the possibility that several smaller East African languages will fade away as Swahili transitions from being a regional lingua franca to a regional first language.

The linguistic traits that flourish throughout the Pacific Northwest attest to a culture that transcends boundaries. Historically, this hearkens back to the early years of colonial expansion by the British and Americans, when the entire region was considered a single area and people of all different mother tongues and nationalities used Chinook Jargon (along with English and French) to communicate with each other. Until the Oregon Treaty of 1846, it was identified as being either Oregon Country (by the Americans) or Columbia (by the British). Linguists immediately after World WarII tended to find few patterns unique to the Western region, as among other things, Chinook Jargon and other "slang words" (despite Chinook Jargon being an actual separate language in and of itself, individual words from it like "salt chuck", "muckamuck", "siwash" and "tyee" were and still are used in Pacific Northwest English) were pushed away in favour of having a "proper, clean" dialect.

The first European School was founded in Luxembourg in 1953 as a private initiative of officials working for the institutions of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), based within the jurisdiction, to provide an education to their children in their mother-tongues, whilst instructing them in a multilingual, multicultural environment. On 12 April 1957, the six founding states of the ECSC transformed the initiative into an intergovernmental organisation, signing the Statute of the European School, with the Board of Governors of the School being composed of the ministers of education of the six signatory states. The month prior, on 25 March 1957, the same states had signed the two Treaties of Rome, which established the European Economic Community (EEC) and European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) on 1 January 1958. In a meeting of the foreign ministers of the six founding states of the three communities, held on 6 and 7 January 1958, Brussels and Luxembourg were selected as provisional seats of the Commissions and Council meetings of the EEC and Euratom.

After the fall of fascism (25 July 1943) other autonomists, mainly former fascist militants, joined the Liburnic Autonomous Movement (or Movimento Liburnico Movement), led by the engineer Giovanni Rubini. Also considering an agreement with the AVNOJ impossible, they planned the transformation of the Carnaro Province into a federated state, including all the annexed territories following the enlargement of the province after the Italian-German victory in the Yugoslavia campaign of 1941: the Dalmatian coast to Carlopago, the islands of Krk, Rab, Lošinj and Pag, a small part of Slovenia and the eastern part of Istria. Throughout this territory, divided into cantons on the Swiss model, the mother tongues of the resident population would have been admitted, but the only official language would have been Italian. The Movement formalized its project, sending a copy to the governments of Rome, Berlin, Washington and London, but in the city had little follow-up among the other autonomists, above all because of its open support to the Nazi-Fascists, who cleverly exploited it in propaganda .

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the City of Grande Prairie recorded a population of 63,166 living in 23,676 of its 26,204 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2011 population of 55,655. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016. The population of the City of Grande Prairie according to its 2015 municipal census was 68,556, a change of from its 2007 municipal census population of 50,227. In the 2016 Census, 11.9% of residents were visible minorities, while 12.6% were aboriginal and 75.5% were white. The largest visible minority groups were Filipino (5.0%), Black (2.1%), South Asian (1.9%), and Chinese (0.8%). As of 2016, 85.7% of residents claimed English as their first language. Other common mother tongues were Tagalog (2.9%), French (2.6%), German (1.1%) and Spanish (0.7%). In the 2011 Census, the City of Grande Prairie had a population of 55,032 living in 21,180 of its 22,979 total dwellings, a change of 16.8% from its 2006 adjusted population of 47,107.

In West Africa, Hausa's use as a lingua franca has given rise to a non-native pronunciation that differs vastly from native pronunciation by way of key omissions of implosive and ejective consonants present in native Hausa dialects, such as ɗ, ɓ and kʼ/ƙ, which are pronounced by non-native speakers as d, b and k respectively. This creates confusion among non-native and native Hausa speakers, as non-native pronunciation does not distinguish words like ' ("correct") and ' ("one-by-one"). Another difference between native and non-native Hausa is the omission of vowel length in words and change in the standard tone of native Hausa dialects (ranging from native Fulani and Tuareg Hausa-speakers omitting tone altogether, to Hausa speakers with Gur or Yoruba mother tongues using additional tonal structures similar to those used in their native languages). Use of masculine and feminine gender nouns and sentence structure are usually omitted or interchanged, and many native Hausa nouns and verbs are substituted with non- native terms from local languages.

According to the census of 2001, mentioned in the District Census Handbook 2011 Kolkata, Bengali was the mother tongue (language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person) of 2,836,647 persons forming 62.0% of the population in Kolkata district, Hindi was mother tongue of 926,186 persons forming 20.3% of the population and Urdu was mother tongue of 623,620 persons forming 13.6% of the population. Other mother tongues spoken in Kolkata district were (persons with percentage of the population in brackets): Odia 37,430 (0.8%), Gujarati 29,788 (0.7%), Punjabi 20,061 (0.4%), Marwari 17,190 (0.4%), Nepali 12,484 (0.3%), English 9,892 (0.2%), Tamil 9,353 (0.2%), Telugu 9,269 (0.2%), Malayalam 7,216 (0.2%), Bhojpuri 5,577 (0.1%), Maithili 4,916 (0.1%), Sindhi 4,023 (0.1%) and others 19,224 (0.4%). The proportion of persons having Bengali as a mother tongue in Kolkata district decreased from 63.8% in 1961 to 59.9% in 1971 to 58.5% in 1981 and then increased to 63.6% in 1991, but again dropped to 62.0% in 2001. The proportion of persons having Hindi as mother tongue increased from 19.3% in 1961 to 23.2% in 1971, but then started declining to 22.2% in 1981, 20.9% in 1991 and 20.3% in 2001.

According to the District Census Handbook, Jalpaiguri, 2011 census, as of 2001, Bengali was the mother-tongue 55.8% of the population of Jalpaiguri district, followed by Sadan/ Sadri (14.3%), Nepali/ Gorkhali (6.9%), Hindi (4.6%), Kurukh/ Oraon (2.6%), Santali (1.0%), Bodo/Boro (0.8%), Munda (0.7%), Bhojpuri (0.7%), Rajbanshi (0.5%), Telugu (0.4%), Urdu (0.3%), Rabha (0.3%), Odiya (0.3%), Kharia (0.1%) and other mother-tongues (10.8%). The proportion of the population speaking Bengali increased from 54.5% in 1961 to 68.5% in 1981 and thereafter dropped to 55.8% in 2001. During the same period the proportion of the population speaking Sadan/ Sadri increased from 5.6% in 1961 to 14.3% in 2001. There was also a decline in the proportion of the population speaking such languages as Nepali/ Gorkhali, Hindi, Kurukh/ Oraon, Santali, Munda and Rajbanshi. According to the West Bengal Official Language Act 1961 and the West Bengal Official Language (Amendment Act) 2012, the Bengali language is to be used for official purposes in the whole of West Bengal. In addition to Bengali, the Nepali language is to be used for official purposes in the three hills subdivisions, namely Darjeeling, Kalimpong and Kurseong, in the district of Darjeeling, and Urdu is to be used for official purposes in district/subdivision/ block/ municipality where the population speaking Urdu exceeds 10% of the total population.